Updated: April 18, 2022
Privacy Issues and the Use of sUAS/Drones in Maryland (FS-998)
According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the lawful uses of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), also known as Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), or more commonly as drones, are currently limited to military, research, and recreational applications. Under the FAA’s view, commercial uses of drones are illegal unless approved by the Federal government. This will change in the future. Congress authorized the FAA to develop regulations for the use of drones by private parties in the U.S by September 30, 2015 (FAA Modernization Act of 2012). FAA missed this deadline, but expects comprehensive regulations for drones to be completed by June 2016 (Jansen, 2015). History shows that the law rarely keeps up with technology. Courts often struggle when applying existing laws and previous rulings to modern technology. State legislatures can help clearly define some of the rules to guide courts in how to handle new technology. Drones have the potential to benefit producers (through crop and livestock monitoring), but they present new challenges as other groups begin to use the technology. Authors: Paul Goeringer, Ashley Newhall, and John Moyle; Title: Privacy Issues and the Use of sUAS/Drones in Maryland (FS-998)
Updated: October 29, 2021
High tunnel best management practices
High tunnels (or hoop houses) extend the growing season for specialty crops. This article will help growers learn how to get the most out of their high tunnel by adopting best management practices for temperature management, soil and growing media monitoring, safety considerations, pest management, and crop selection.
Updated: September 14, 2021
Farm Equipment Resources for Beginning Farmers
Every farm operation relies upon tools to help get the job done-some enterprises are able to remain competitive with a minimal investment in equipment, while others require substantial investment. Equipment, along with land, is typically a major cost driver for farm operations. It is, thus, important to critically evaluate the need for each piece of equipment before buying.
Updated: March 30, 2021
High Tunnels and Season Extension
High tunnels, also called hoop houses, are structures that can be assembled outdoors to contain plants and extend their growing season. High tunnels are an environmentally conscience way to get the most out of your gardens throughout the year.
Updated: January 29, 2021
Vegetable Equipment and Irrigation
Ever wandered around a farm show or equipment dealer admiring all of the new and fancy gadgets available to farmers today? So many choices, yet so little money! Small farmers must be especially careful of expensive machinery purchases as they buck the traditional “bigger is better” trend of large farmers with mega equipment, some pulling plows and harrow’s wider than your whole field. However, as a small farmer you will take the opposite approach, limiting large equipment options and focusing on specialized, value-added processes to garner more dollars from less land. Indeed, the cost of equipment today requires the successful small farmer to be both prudent and wise in equipment selection. What equipment is essential for the operation of the small farm? How can you avoid the common mistake of purchasing more equipment than the farm can support?


"No one is better informed than Lester Brown of the multi-faceted crisis facing our planet. And no one has spelt out so clearly how our civilisation could be saved from falling 'over the edge' while there is—hopefully—still just time." —John Rowley, founder/editor www.peopleandplanet.net on World on the Edge: How to Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse
Chapter 1. Selling Our Future: Introduction
From time to time I go back and read about earlier civilizations that declined and collapsed, trying to understand the reasons for their demise. More often than not shrinking food supplies were responsible. For the Sumerians, rising salt levels in the soil—the result of a flaw in their irrigation system—brought down wheat and barley yields and eventually the civilization itself. 1
For the Mayans, soil erosion exacerbated by a series of intense droughts apparently undermined their food supply and their civilization. For other early civilizations that collapsed, it was often soil erosion and the resulting shrinkage in harvests that led to their decline. 2
Does our civilization face a similar fate? Until recently it did not seem possible. I resisted the idea that food shortages could also bring down our early twenty-first century global civilization. But our continuing failure to reverse the environmental trends that are undermining the world food economy forces me to conclude that if we continue with business as usual such a collapse is not only possible but likely.
The historic grain price climb in the last few years underlines the gravity of the situation. From mid-2006 to mid-2008, world prices of wheat, rice, corn, and soybeans roughly tripled, reaching historic highs. It was not until the global economic crisis beginning in 2008 that grain prices receded somewhat. But even then they were still well above the historical level. 3
The world has experienced several grain price surges over the last half-century, but none like this. These earlier trends were event-driven—a monsoon failure in India, a severe drought in the Soviet Union, or a crop-shrinking heat wave in the U.S. Midwest. The price surges were temporary, caused by weather-related events that were usually remedied by the next harvest. The record 2006–08 surge in grain prices is different. It is trend-driven. This means that working our way out of this tightening food situation depends on reversing the trends that are causing it, such as soil erosion, falling water tables, and rising carbon emissions.
As a result of persistently high food prices, hunger is spreading. One of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals is to reduce hunger and malnutrition. In the mid-1990s, the number of people in this category had fallen to 825 million. But instead of continuing to decline, the number of hungry started to edge upward, reaching 915 million at the end of 2008. It then jumped to over 1 billion in 2009. With business as usual, I see a combination of the projected growth in population, the planned diversion of grain to produce fuel for cars, spreading shortages of irrigation water, and other trends combining to push the number of hungry people to 1.2 billion or more by 2015. 4
Rising food prices and the swelling ranks of the hungry are among the early signs of a tightening world food situation. At a time when progress is seen as almost inevitable, this recent reversal on the food front is a disturbing setback. More and more, food is looking like the weak link in our civilization, much as it was for the earlier ones whose archeological sites we now study.
1. Sandra Postel, Pillar of Sand (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1999), pp. 13–21.
2. Guy Gugliotta, “The Maya: Glory and Ruin,” National Geographic, August 2007; Jared Diamond, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed (New York: Penguin Group, 2005); Postel, op. cit. note 1, pp. 13–21; Joseph Tainter, The Collapse of Complex Societies (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
3. U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), “Soaring Food Prices: Facts, Perspectives, Impacts, and Actions Required,” paper presented at the High-Level Conference on World Food Security: the Challenges of Climate Change and Bioenergy, Rome, 3–5 June 2008; historical wheat, corn, and soybean prices are Chicago Board of Trade futures data from TFC Commodity Charts, “Grain & Oilseed Commodities Futures,” at futures.tradingcharts.com/grains_oilseeds.html, viewed 16 January 2009; current wheat, corn, and soybean prices are Chicago Board of Trade futures data from CME Group, “Commodity Products,” various dates, at www.cmegroup.com; rice prices from Nathan Childs and Katherine Baldwin, Rice Outlook (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Economic Research Service (ERS), 11 June 2009), p. 26.
4. U.N. General Assembly, “United Nations Millennium Declaration,” resolution adopted by the General Assembly, 8 September 2000; FAO, “1.02 Billion People Hungry,” press release (Rome: 19 June 2009).
Copyright © 2009 Earth Policy Institute


Updated: 2013-02-01 (China Daily) - Efforts will be intensified to accelerate the country's agricultural modernization and enhance developmental vitality in the sector, a central policy document said.
China will set up a system to ensure the effective supply of important agricultural products, increase farmers' income and improve their livelihoods, as well as push forward reforms in rural areas, according to this year's No 1 document issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Thursday.
Central authorities regularly release major policy documents at the beginning of each year to address government priorities.
This is the 10th consecutive year that the theme of the first document has been rural issues.
China is facing several challenges in agricultural development, including rising production costs and structural barriers between supply and demand of agricultural products, due to the country's fast industrialization and urbanization, the document said.
The preferential policy will support more professional investors, family farms and rural cooperatives to be engaged in farm production, it said.
China recorded grain output of more than 589 million metric tons in 2012. It was the ninth consecutive year of increased grain harvests, according to the National Bureau of Statistics.
Meanwhile, the country imported 2.32 million tons of rice last year, a 310 percent year-on-year increase and the peak volume since 2000, according to the Ministry of Agriculture.
Imports of soybeans last year reached 58.4 million tons, according to the ministry.
With many farmers moving to cities and industrial sectors, an inadequate labor force is gradually becoming a major factor hindering the country's grain output, analysts said.
The document will help determine who will farm and grow grains for the country in the future, said Lu Bu, a researcher in agricultural resources and regional planning at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
The country's agricultural output will be increased when more professional investors, family farms and rural cooperatives are involved in farm production, he said.
"Farmers will be interested in using more advanced technologies in agricultural production when they are farming on a larger scale," he said.
In 2012, the country had 680,000 rural cooperatives, a 30 percent year-on-year increase, according to the Ministry of Agriculture.
The document also said it will establish a strict access and a supervision system for industrial and commercial enterprises which rent farmers' land for agricultural production.
Government authorities should make clear whether such enterprises are using land in rural areas for agricultural development so that farmland won't be seized for other uses, Chen Xiwen, director of the Office of the CPC Central Committee's Leading Group on Rural Work, said at a forum in January.


High-quality compost can make the difference between a so-so result and stunning success when growing in soil. Compost is now widely available in hydroponic stores, but how is a grower supposed to know the difference between one brand of compost and the next?
Compost is a bit like cheese. There are so many types of cheese in the world—from the kind that is made by skilled artisans following a traditional recipe just as generations of cheese makers have done before them, to the kind of mass-produced cheese-like product that comes in a spray can.
These products are vastly different, but we use just one word to describe the whole range of products we call cheese. The same can be said about compost—there is such a wide variety of feedstocks and processes involved in its production and the end product can have major differences in appearance, smell, nutrient values and biology, but we still use just one generic name for it. We can check the ingredients listed on the bag, but that doesn’t tell us anything about the composting process—all compost is not created equal!
On a personal quest to find the highest expression of the art of compost making, I came across the traditional recipe for biodynamic compost. It comes from Rudolf Steiner, a philosopher/scientist who originated biodynamic agriculture in the 1920s.
At the heart of biodynamics is a deep respect for fertile, productive soil and the crucial role of compost in sustaining it. Steiner had some remarkable insights about how plants grow—to enhance the uptake of nutrients he provided a recipe for compost that has stood the test of time and has been proven by scientific research.
What’s so special about this recipe? Beginning with a simple base of organic dairy cow manure and straw, the biodynamic recipe requires six botanical ingredients, which are concentrated by specific alchemical processes during the course of a year before they are added to the pile.
The six biodynamic preparations are yarrow, chamomile, nettle, oak bark, dandelion and valerian. Each of these relates to one or more plant nutrients and it is thought that the preparations act as catalysts to influence biological availability and nutrient uptake by plants. For example, nettle is linked to potassium, calcium, sulfur and iron, while valerian assists in the utilization of phosphorus.
Hydroponics has proven that plants can be grown under artificial conditions—but the plants are often stressed, which is the underlying cause of disease. Today, however, there is an increasing number of growers making a shift away from synthetic nutrients who are appreciating the simple beauty of working with natural processes within the soil—and they’re recognizing the benefits of using high-quality compost.
Disease prevention can be achieved with high-quality compost because the massive numbers of beneficial microbes (good guys) it contains outnumber the disease-causing organisms (bad guys) so problems like powdery mildew tend to be suppressed. Not eliminated entirely, perhaps—but held in check to a level where they’re no longer a big issue.
‘Feed the soil and let the soil feed the plants.’ You’ve heard that before, but what does it mean when we say ‘feed the soil?’ What are we feeding it, exactly? Who’s hungry and what’s for dinner?
The answer is sweetly summed up in something called the soil food web diagram .
This is a glimpse into the web of life forms that dwell in the skin of the earth and it’s also a diagram of a wild feeding frenzy combined with an orgy, going on 24/7. Plants have evolved with this web of interactions—with processes like the symbiotic relationship between themselves and fungi and especially the nutrient cycling that goes on whenever a microbe is swallowed by a predator and pooped out back into the soil.
Gardeners of all levels of experience would be wise to explore this fascinating aspect of working with plants. “Start teaming with microbes, and get that biology into your soils and working for you”, say Jeff Lowenfels and Wayne Lewis in their popular book Teaming with Microbes: A Gardener’s Guide to the Soil Foodweb.
Always use the best-quality compost you can find. Make your first assessment with the compost testing tools you already possess—your eyes and nose. There are some obvious visual clues: there should be very few, if any, pieces of recognizable woody bits or other plant material, and you should look for the color of dark chocolate. About 70 percent cocoa content. As far as smell goes, anything other than a pleasant, earthy smell is a bad sign. Your nose is giving you an early warning that something went astray in the composting process and that that particular compost doesn’t belong in your garden.
Compost is a fertilizer. It’s not standardized, so producers typically don’t list NPK on their bags. Growers still need to know what nutrients they’re getting in compost, though—and that’s where lab reports come in.
Ask the manufacturer for a copy of the lab reports on their compost, both the nutrient analysis and the biological assay. In my opinion, any trustworthy company should be regularly producing these reports and they should be willing to share them with customers. If not, why not?
Compost is a biological inoculant. Good compost should be chock-full of a wide variety of microbes, along with the naturally-occurring foods they prefer. The humic acid you find in compost is far more biologically available than the humic acid you might obtain from mined substances like Leonardite.
Compost is also cost-effective. The organisms it contains provide priceless services. Bacteria store nutrients in their bodies—they are like tiny little packets of bioavailable fertilizer. This fertilizer then gets released back into the soil when the bacteria are consumed by predators like nematodes or protozoa. There’s really no need to entirely replace potting soil every year; simply rejuvenate it with high-quality compost. Ultimately the results will speak for themselves.
Compost teas and extracts essentially give your soil and plants many of the benefits of whole compost but in a liquid form. They also have the added advantage of containing a very high biomass of organisms if they’re made correctly. It’s absolutely essential to begin with high-quality compost when making actively aerated teas and extracts, and you might consider using more than one type of compost for your brews as well. Diversity is king!
When you go to the store for some cheese, you probably already know what type you want and how to recognize it. The same standards should apply when you’re buying compost—ask questions and know exactly what you’re buying. It’s up to you to know what’s going into your garden!
 “Effects of Biodynamic Preparations on Compost Development”, Carpenter-Boggs, Reganold, and Kennedy, in Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, volume 17, 2000.
Written by David Perkins


“This is such an important and busy time for our growers,” said NCGA President Bart Schott, who farms near Kulm, North Dakota, U.S. “I know a lot of us are looking to make the most of what has been a very challenging year, and we’re proud to be on track to bring home what the USDA estimates to be the third-largest crop ever produced.”
Schott noted some of the many challenges growers experienced, from floods to drought. While the Southern states have nearly finished their harvests, some of them — notably, Texas — were especially hard-hit this year. At the same time, Schott himself reports one of the best crops he has had in a long time. In North Dakota, 60% of the crops are rated good or excellent.
North Dakota also is the one state the USDA reports has not begun to harvest to a recordable degree, but that is not unusual for this time of year. Three states are ahead of the average on their harvests: Kansas, at 42% harvested; Missouri, at 50% harvested; and North Carolina, at 82% harvested. Indiana, Ohio and Pennsylvania, three states that had late planting issues, are the most behind the average in their harvesting.
“At harvest, some growers are seeing the effects of weather and climate on the growing season, while others are seeing the impact of having to plant later in the spring than usual,” Schott said. “While conditions vary throughout the country, resilience, dedication and hope are universal traits of the American corn farmer.”


Landscaping requires a concept, shears, and land that won’t giggle while its shrubbery is being sculpted. Reshape restrained scenery with this Groupon.
Choose from Three Options
- C$39 for full-yard core aeration (a C$95 value)
- C$49 for full-yard grub control (a C$145 value)
- C$79 for full-yard core aeration and grub control (a C$240 value)
Experienced landscapers stimulate thatch decomposition and leave lawns free of pests and bugs while lessening the chance of mould spots and lawn diseases.


The Bio-Foundation promotes environmentally-friendly agriculture as well as ecological consumer patterns. This is to be achieved through initiatives of its own or by supporting existing institutions. The fundament of the foundation’s work is the conviction that the basis for all sustainable development is innovation and the independent, responsible actions of each individual involved.
In the last 25 years it was possible to realize numerous projects and to give innovative impetus to sustainable development in different sectors. The foundation was actively involved in development in the fields of organic farming, environmental awareness, the maintenance of biodiversity, social accountability and fair trade. A large part of the work is with small to middle-sized farms, especially with the smallholder farmers of developing countries.


Rain wrap, cane crop update.
Eliza Rogers gives an update of the situation and speaks with deputy chair of Queensland Canegrowers Allan Dingle.
Source: ABC Rural | Duration: 3min 37sec
Queensland grazier claims he is $7,000 out of pocket due to GABSI funding ending.
Canola crops should be bursting with yellow right now, but in many areas, the crop is anything but vibrant.
Farmers faced with downward pricing pressure from supermarkets are finding new ways to protect profits.
The resources industry at odds over the 457 visa program as unemployment rises.


Not only does MEI offer full liquid plant automation, they also provide dry fertilizer controls. We have teamed up with the industry's leading dry fertilizer equipment providers to provide total automated dry fertilizer blending facilities across the nation. Thanks to the added automation, facility through-put can be dramatically increased. Not sure where to start? Check out some of our solutions and give us a call. We have an experienced team of technical sales reps and engineers to get you started today.


How to Grow a Century Plant
Agave Americana, also known as century plant, is a member of the family Agavaceae. These succulent plants thrive in the warmer regions of the U.S. where freezes are not a problem. Century plants are quite drought tolerant and easy to grow, which makes them perfect additions to a garden where the gardener wishes to xeriscape. Despite the tale that they bloom once every century, the century plant will produce its bloom in approximately ten years. Growing to a height of 12 feet or more, century plants make good specimen plants in rock gardens.
Grow century plants outside, planted into the ground, in zones 8b, 9 and 10. Grow century plants in containers in cooler zones.
Select an area in your landscape large enough to house the century plant and where it will not interfere with structures or walkways. Century plants can grow taller than 12 feet and can have a width of 6 feet. Plant century plants in an area with little to no people traffic, due to their sharp spines.
Grow century plants in areas that receive full sunlight. Tolerant to some shade, century plants will grow best in high light conditions.
Plant century plants in soils that are sandy, sandy loam, rocky, or clay loam. Grow century plants in soil that will not retain moisture, as the plant will not tolerate flooded conditions. Amend heavy, non-draining soils with sand.
Plant container grown century plants in a container that is several times larger than the plant. Make sure the container has drain holes. Use a well-draining, lightweight potting mix.
Dig a hole that is large enough to hold the plant's root ball, but no deeper than the plant was originally planted. Place the century plant into the hole and cover with soil.
Water the century plant after planting. Continue watering once every one to two weeks.
Fertilize in the spring with an all-purpose, granular fertilizer such as a 10-10-10. Fertilize container-grown plants with a water-soluble fertilizer, every other month.
Prune off the bottom leaves as they begin to turn brown and die. Use a pruning saw to remove the leaves. Wear gloves, because the spines are sharp and can cut your hands and arms.
Agave Americana is native to Texas and Mexico.
Century plants bloom in June and July, with bloom spikes that can reach a height of 12 to 25 feet, or taller.
Pests are usually not a problem for century plants.
- Agave americana is native to Texas and Mexico.
- Century plants bloom in June and July, with bloom spikes that can reach a height of 12 to 25 feet, or taller.
- Pests are usually not a problem for century plants.
- Potting mix
- Pruning saw


Wednesday, 8 June 2016
LOOK WHAT THE RAIN HAS DONE TO MY GRAPE PLANT
Thanks to the rainy season, the grape plant in the herb garden is looking healthy. I love the rain.
6/08/2016 12:32:00 am
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Products can be applied to soil, foliar or irrigation. Products can be added to existing fertilization, irrigation and foliar programs or used in conjunction with EZ-Gro Greece Customized Crop Programs.
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Ez Gro Greece is proud to introduce in Greece the unique series of PGRS which, when mixed with basic NPK fertilizers and biostimulants, can target specific stages of plant growth to maximize their metabolism which results in healthier plants, higher yields in vegetables, fruits and also mass crops. The wide variety of formulations allows a farmer to look for the most suitable formulation for his crops by consulting the programs of Ez Gro Greece. They can be applied by mixing in the soil, in the irrigation system and also foliarly. In all cases it is recommended to utilize one of Ez Gro Greece’s Customized Crop fertilization Programs.
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Products can be added to existing fertilization, irrigation and foliar programs or used in conjunction with EZ-Gro Greece Customized Crop Programs.


2011 - 2012
The Garden Club has
maintained a relationship with the Face-It Program at the Depke
Juvenile Detention Center for the last seven years. We have an indoor
program during the winter and an outside program during the remainder of
the year. We try to have a garden club member for every three boys.
Indoor programing this year included the following activities: rooting activity with grocery store
fruits and vegetables, coleus rooting experiment, terrarium build,
tulip/dye experiment, stained glass vessel project to hold the tulip
experiment, topiary build,and suet feeder build.
Field Trips occur mostly during the winter time frame, and this year they included: Chicago Botanic Garden, mulching center,
Syruping at Ryerson. In the spring, we have a trip to Didiers Nursery so
the boys can individually pick out their own plants to place in the
garden. This year we are looking forward to an excursion to a northern
forest preserve in the area where most boys live.
Activites are centered around planting and maintenance in their
gardens. They have vegetable pots to tend, a butterfly, shade, and two
sun gardens to maintain as well as the pond area and gathering
area where previous boys have built picnic benches. The boys have
built toad houses and each made their own stepping stones. We are
expecting a truck load of mulch to be delivered and the boys will spread
it in the walkways. Also, in September we are looking forward to
hosting a garden walk for the LGC members and Depke employees.
2010 - 2011
The following is a summary of what we worked on with the “Face-It Boys” for the 2010-2011 Garden Club year.
- September: After a major construction project was completed, cleaned up all the gardens throughout the facility.
- October: Planted tulip bulbs outside and amaryllis bulbs inside for winter display.
Put the garden to rest for the winter, cleaned equipment, put hoses away.
Placed donated concrete patio stones around the shed and building doorways.
- November: Made stained glass vessels
Conducted a science experiment with white tulips and dye, placed in their vessels.
- January: Experimented with rooted beans, seeds from oranges, kiwis, apple, and planted what rooted later in the month.
Participated in the Depke Graduation program.
- March: Made “Make Your Own Luck” ivy topiaries.
Make Your Own Luck!
On March 7, 2011 Lincolnshire Garden Club members Jan Stefans, Ann Maine, and Linda Berryman worked with the young men in the Depke Juvenile Detention Center’s “Face It” program on an indoor gardening project.
The project called “Make You Own Luck,” involved the boys in making a small, ivy topiary in the shape of a lucky four leaf clover. After a quick discussion of the terms topiary, shamrock, and four leaf clovers, the boys made their own topiary to keep and maintain.
They first covered a piece of wire with green floral tape, then working with a partner, they twisted the wire around a four leaf clover form cut out of foam insulation.
Next they partially filled a small terra cotta pot lined with a coffee filter with soil, and then they “planted” their wire four leaf clover into the pot. After planting the wire form they planted two small ivy plants, and started training the plants by wrapping them around the wire form. Then for the final touch they placed some sheet moss around the base.
The young men were given misting and watering instructions so they could keep growing and training their “Make Your Own Luck” topiaries. Everyone seemed to enjoy the project, and one young man even gave it a thumb’s up!
Annual Garden Walk at the Depke Correctional Center
June 16, 2011
A brilliant, sunny June day emerged to provide us with the best possible conditions for our Annual Garden Walk. This year our walk was hosted by the FACE-IT boys we work with at the Depke Correctional Center. This is a project started 7 years ago and graciously funded by the Garden Club the entire time.
As Garden Club members arrived, one or more boys escorted them from garden to garden. They described their individual work in bringing the gardens into existence, pointing out flowers they knew, and proudly identifying their own "personal" plants (purchases of individual plants were made possible by the Club).
The boys were proud, and rightly so, of the four major gardens they had created, including flowers and a few vegetablres in pots (peppers and tomatoes). One of the gardens included a double pond with running water and it's own set of dragonflies, damselflies, and a visiting hummingbird. The tour also included big smiles as the boys described their construction work on picnic benches, recent mulching of the entire garden, and a new shed where they are able to keep their gardening supplies (the pond, shed and benches were a joint project with the Garden Club and Boy Scout Troop 78 Eagle Scout projects).
After the tours, Robert Cesar, Director of Depke, thanked the group for our ongoing support and described the significant positive impact the program is having on the boys. Ann Maine then described the seven year history of the program, its many accomplishments, and how more than 70 boys have been touched by the Club's work.
We concluded by mingling with the boys and expressing our own individual admiration and support for their work.
Maple Syrup . . . oh so sweet!
A recent trip to Ryerson Woods had the Depke boys following one sweet trail.
This month our project with the Depke boys gave them a chance to get their hands dirty building their own terrariums.


Total loan: $4,050
Matete, Kakamega County, Kenya / Agriculture
Margaret's Group's loan finished fundraising,
but these similar borrowers just need a little more help to reach their goals!
A loan helped to purchase hybrid seeds and fertilizer for the cultivation of maize, millet, and sorghum.
Margaret's Group's story
Margaret is a member of this group in Matete District. She is pictured here with a group of six One Acre Fund group leader farmers. The group leaders represent a total of 65 individual One Acre Fund farmers who are not pictured here. Margaret has been selected to act as the Kiva group representative and is standing on the right with her hand raised. She and the other farmers represented in this group are each receiving ¼ acre of maize and ¼ acre of sorghum or millet. Each farmer is receiving an average input loan of 5,349 shillings for maize, millet and sorghum cultivation. Margaret is married and has 5 children. She is 49 years old and is known as hardworking and trustworthy. She is active in her community in groups such as the savings group and the prayer group. Margaret has been a farmer for 15 years. Margaret described her harvest as good last year, but believes she can have an even better one this year by continuing to work with One Acre Fund. Margaret joined One Acre Fund in order to learn new farming methods, to get fertilizer and hybrid seeds, and to earn enough to feed her family. She also volunteered to be a group leader and Kiva representative because she likes being a leader and wants to spread the story about One Acre Fund farmers. Margaret plans to use the money that she earns from her next harvest to send her children to school and to save for the future. She notes that working with One Acre Fund has led to many benefits for One Acre Fund farmers. Margaret and her group need a loan to cover the initial costs of purchasing the seeds and fertilizer through One Acre Fund. One Acre Fund will repay the Kiva loan on behalf of the farmers through the profits from the farmers’ harvests. One Acre Fund pre-purchases the seeds and fertilizer when prices are low and passes the cost savings to the farmers. Throughout the planting and harvesting season, One Acre Fund also provides training and support to the farmers as they make payments back to One Acre Fund. With support from One Acre Fund and your loan, these farmers will have a chance at a successful harvest, increased profits and improved lives. The field officer is also included in the photo and is standing on the left of the photo.


Statistics from the Agricultural Development Bank of China (ADBC) as of Dec. 20, 2008 show that loans for purchases of cotton in Xinjiang Autonomous Region totaled 28 billion yuan (over $4.1 billion) to preserve profits for 1 million cotton producers in that region.
New cotton procurement in Xinjiang totaled 2.1 million metric tons. According to provincial agriculture department, 2008 sown area of cotton was 24.338 million mu (1.62 million hectares) and production was 2.8 million metric tons, down about 100,000 mt from 2007.
Because purchasing cotton is too risky, the Agricultural Bank of China (a commercial bank) and rural credit cooperatives have withdrawn from lending, leaving the state-run ADBC policy bank as the main source of funds. Given the lack of commercial bank funds, many privately-owned cotton enterprises have gone to the ADBC life line for loans. This financial support keeps farmers profitable.


Weed herbs bring a lot of trouble to farmers and truck farmers. But this leads in its vitality, it is extremely difficult to get rid of. It grows everywhere where cereal plants are sown. It is adjacent to spring wheat, barley, oats and other crops. The name of the weed is oats. Read more about this plant in the article.
Oatsug (another name - oats are empty) is an annual plant growing to 80-120 cm in height. Its stems are erect, bare, the root system is ragged, developed very well.
The leaves are flat, up to 30 cm long, on the stem are arranged linearly. The shape is straight or slightly twisted counter-clockwise. They have interesting ciliated edges, decorated with sparse and long hairs (cilia) in one row.
Inflorescence is a long (up to 30 cm) sprawling panicle. The oats plant has large spikelets with 2 or 3 flowers, blooms from the beginning of June to the end of August. One copy gives up to 500-600 seeds - spindle-shaped granules. 1000 fruits oatsug weighs 15-25 grams. They maintain their germination on average 3-4 years, and under favorable conditions up to 7-9 years.
The range of its distribution is extremely wide. Oatmeal, like many other weeds, perfectly adapts to unfavorable climatic conditions. He equally well tolerates heat and frosts, "friends" with insect pests that do not touch him, perfectly competes with other plants, both cultural and weed, most often winning in the battle for territory.
Common oats are found everywhere in Eurasia. For example, in Kazakhstan, the area of crops contaminated with empty oats is about 4-4.5 million hectares! Also growing in every corner of North America, is often found in North Africa. Today, oats grow deeper south, adapting to new conditions and conquering the southern hemisphere of the planet.
Which conditions are suitable for oats growth
The grains germinate already at a soil temperature of 3-4 ° C, but the most suitable temperature for germination is 15-18 ° C. The most viable shoots are obtained from grains, which are at a depth of 10-15 cm, but they can also grow from a depth of 20-25 cm, even 30-40 cm with sufficient moisture and clear warm weather.
Their vitality is preserved under any conditions up to three years, and under favorable conditions - even up to nine years.
According to the folk calendar, mass shoots of wild oats will appear in a few days after the buds are blooming on the birches.
Ovsg ordinary - unpretentious plant. It gaily gleams, turns green and blooms even in the hottest summer. Does not die with prolonged drought. Clogging cultural crops, remains unscathed after the invasion of insect pests or epidemics. Refers to the category of hard-to-root plants. It is very difficult to defeat him.
An interesting fact about the survival of oats
If you take the fruit of wild oats, drip a couple of drops of water on it, then the granule miraculously "comes alive"! It begins to move - at first slowly, then faster and faster revolving around its axis. This mechanism allows the grains themselves to dig themselves into the soil at the required depth. It is enough for a small rain, so that the falling seeds of wild oats are "alive" and quickly plunged into the ground. Now the grains are quietly lying before the next spring to give new shoots.
And yet with oats all the time struggling, because it clogs the cereal plants and brings a lot of damage to the crops:
- Strongly withers the soil, leaving no moisture cultural grains. On the formation of 1 kg of fruit, oats take 700 liters of water, for comparison, wheat - up to 500 liters;
- Very depletes the soil. For 100 kg of grain, the oats are empty using 50 kg of nitrogen, 10-15 kg of nitrogen, 30 kg of potassium. Wheat for 100 kg of grain requires nitrogen 30 kg, phosphorus 10 kg, potassium 20 kg;
- Spreads the root rot;
- Promotes reproduction of the Swedish fly, nematode, bunt;
- Greatly reduces the yield of cash crops (for example, if wheat crops are clogged with oats, then its yield steadily drops by 10 kg per hectare);
- Easily crossed with the cultivated oats, reducing its breeding qualities.
Methods of struggle
To defeat the wild oats, herbicides are used. High efficiency was shown by "Horizon 080 BC" And "The topic of Super 240 KE." It is recommended to use the herbicide "Axial 045" in barley crops.
If the oats are heavily clogged, use field fallowing, use the conditioning seed.
Ogorodniki is often used to combat this malicious weed by mowing its shoots, trying to destroy common wild oats until the maturation phase and the seeds are scattered to the ground. But this method is ineffective, because in this amazing plant the maturation of the seeds in the panicle is stretched in time. What does it mean? The panicle consists of three tiers, in each of which the seeds ripen in due time. At the bottom grains are still quite green, and from the top they are already crumbling. Full shedding takes a whole month! Another wonderful mechanism of survival, which Mother Nature has given to owls is common.
But that is not all. In each tier the panicles differ in appearance and biological characteristics, they have their own function:
- In the lower tier there are large grains. They clog the grain;
- In the middle tier fruits are slightly smaller. Their main task is to ensure the annual renewal of oat shoots of empty;
- The smallest seeds are in the upper tier of panicle. They are the most insidious and viable. They lie in the soil till 7-9 years old, and when the farmer was completely overjoyed that wild oats have won in their field, they suddenly give sprouts.
Ovsyug in folk medicine
The chemical composition of this weed plant is still poorly understood, but folk healers found it to be used: to soften the seals in abscesses, to give birth, to raise the tone of the uterus musculature, to get rid of nicotine dependence, to fight oncology.


We have seeds at the ready, including a bunch of donated seeds, and are getting ready to build our greenhouse. We hope to grow several hundred plants to give away if the greenhouse works out well. Our community garden will be planted this Spring, starting with two donated acres! Hopefully we can encourage a lot of local families and organizations to plant their ground and grow lots of food to give away. So many people here in the US are hungry, and we hope to make a dent -- starting locally and moving out from there!
Wish us good luck, sunshine, and rain!


The city grows 98,000 tonnes of fruits in more than 17,120ha of orchards, with mango accounting for 2,710ha, star apple for 1,324ha and longan for 1,838ha, according to the municipal People’s Committee.
Dao Anh Dung, Vice Chairman of the municipal People’s Committee, said Can Tho would create optimal conditions for companies to collaborate with farmers to consume fruits domestically and export.
It would establish fruit cooperatives which would collaborate with companies, he said.
This year the city plans to export some longan, star apple and mango, he added.
Nguyen Dinh Tung, General Director of Vina T&T Import – Export Service Trading Co Ltd, said his HCM City-based company buys large volumes of fresh fruits from Can Tho for export, but from traders and not directly from farmers.
For companies to offer guaranteed outlets for farmers, the latter need to sign agreements, he said.
Le Van Thiet, deputy head of the Plant Protection Department, said the country’s five major fruits – dragon fruit, longan, mango, litchi, and star apple – have been exported to several demanding markets such as the US, Chile, Japan and New Zealand.
Vietnam has exported 230 tonnes of star apple to the US since the first batch was shipped last December, he said, adding it plans to export its first batch of mango to the US next month.
Can Tho has zoned areas such as Cat Hoa Loc mango-growing area in Co Do district and star apple-growing areas in Phong Dien and Binh Thuy districts. Phong Dien has more than 1,000ha under the fruit.
Pham Thi Minh Hieu, head of the Can Tho City Plant Cultivation and Protection Sub-department, said the city has tied up with a fruit export company to guarantee outlets for the two, and it is inspecting their orchards.
The sub-department would instruct members of the cooperative and club in farming techniques that meet export requirements, she said.


Exports In 2021, Germany exported $4.83B in Harvesting Machinery, making it the 1st largest exporter of Harvesting Machinery in the world. At the same year, Harvesting Machinery was the 70th most exported product in Germany. The main destination of Harvesting Machinery exports from Germany are: France ($663M), United States ($533M), Russia ($255M), Poland ($246M), and Austria ($246M).
The fastest growing export markets for Harvesting Machinery of Germany between 2020 and 2021 were Australia ($93.7M), Poland ($92.6M), and Russia ($84.7M).
Imports In 2021, Germany imported $2.38B in Harvesting Machinery, becoming the 2nd largest importer of Harvesting Machinery in the world. At the same year, Harvesting Machinery was the 131st most imported product in Germany. Germany imports Harvesting Machinery primarily from: China ($373M), France ($281M), Czechia ($223M), Netherlands ($216M), and Italy ($203M).
The fastest growing import markets in Harvesting Machinery for Germany between 2020 and 2021 were China ($128M), France ($46.8M), and Czechia ($46.4M).


Join OSU Extension in Muskingum & Coshocton Counties for the 2020 Agronomy School. This school will focus on topics to increase corn profitability, improve grain crop nutrient management, and understand new trends in Ohio weather. Also learn more about the farm bill, commodity prices, and trade issues. Thank you to the Ohio Soybean Council for co-sponsoring this event.
Aaron Wilson, Atmospheric Scientist, Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center
Ben Brown, Program Manager for Farm Management


Choosing the right chainsaw sharpener depends on several factors. This is not a one-size-fits-all situation. These…
Do you know the basic gardening tools you’ll need if you’re thinking of starting your own garden?
Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or you’re gardening for the first time, there’s always more to learn.
Take it from me, I’ve been growing gardens since I was six and several decades later, there’s still stuff I’m learning.
When someone asks me what do I need to know to start a garden and grow my own food I always tell them to get familiar with the basic gardening tools first.
Sure, it doesn’t sound like much but when you make the decision to start you want to make sure you have your tools. There’s nothing more irritating than having to make a rushed trip to the hardware store every time you discover you’re missing a tool.
The world of gardening is extremely rewarding, but it can be challenging, too.
Especially if you don’t have the right tools. Here are 8 essential tools for every gardener to make it easier to grow and benefit from your garden.
Basic Gardening Tools Start With A Hose And A Nozzle
Depending on where you live, your garden may or may not be blessed with abundant rain.
If you live in a dry climate or experience a dry planting or growing season, water becomes precious.
A quality hose with a sturdy and reliable nozzle is essential. The hose needs to withstand the weather and the nozzle must connect perfectly to prevent wasteful leaking.
You can get a high-quality, durable hose and nozzle for a reasonable price.
Try a Flexzilla brand hose combined with a Melnor Real Trigger 7-Pattern Nozzle.
The durability of the indestructible hose and the gentle settings of the nozzle combine well to tend to an outdoor garden.
Seating Pads Are Basic But Essential
If you’re a seasoned gardener, you know that gardening requires you to crouch, stoop, and sit – a lot!
A seating pad makes this work feel a lot more comfortable.
A good seating pad like the pads made by Navy Penguin help to protect your knees and let you work in the garden longer without feeling tired or achy.
Basic Gardening Gloves
Working with your hands in the garden is therapeutic, but it can also be tough on your hands, skin, and fingernails.
When you’re working in your garden, you’ll want to protect your hands with a good pair of gardening gloves.
Garden Genie makes a great gardening glove that is waterproof and breathable with removable plastic claws for digging, planting, and raking. These gloves will pay for themselves in one season with how helpful they’ll be in the garden.
Basic Gardening Tools Should Include A Rake
When you’re ready to prep your soil for planting, you’ll need a garden rake. The Bully Tools 92309 Bow Rake with Fiberglass Handle is a durable option for preparing soil, and it can also be used to spread mulch in the garden.
When you need to sweep your garden free of leaves and debris without damaging your plants, use a traditional leaf rake. A quality option is the Jardineer Lightweight Adjustable Leaf Rake.
It’s lightweight and has an adjustable head width to rake tight areas of the garden.
Make Sure You Have Chicken Wire On Hand
For those gardeners who live in more rural areas, at some point, you’ll likely experience deer or rabbits eating your garden vegetables.
Chicken wire is an easy, inexpensive way to protect your plants from herbivores looking for a snack.
Amagabeli makes a quality galvanized chicken wire that you can cut to the size you need and place around your herbs and vegetables.
Shears Are Part Of Basic Gardening Tools 101
Heavy-duty gardening shears are a must-have for any gardener.
Garden shears help you cut back branches and weeds, and help you safely prune rose bushes or other thorny plants. Consider the iGarden 3 Piece Combo Tool Set.
This set comes with a lopper, hedge shears, and pruning shears to prepare you for any gardening job that requires cutting or trimming.
Add A Soil Knife To Your Basic Gardening Tools List
At the beginning of planting season, the soil in your garden could be very hard or you might have to dig up old roots.
To start preparing your soil for planting, you’ll need to use a soil knife. Sensei Tools makes a highly-rated soil knife that cuts into hard soil and cuts through roots with ease.
It also has a non-slip handle for excellent grip and control in comparison to other garden knives.
A Small Soil Shovel Will Be Your Best Friend
A small soil shovel, or garden trowel, is a must-have for any gardener.
A good soil shovel or trowel will be easy on your hands. They’ll be hard to bend out of shape during tasks like digging up plants or digging through harder soils. The Homes Garden Carbon Steel Bend-Proof Shovel is a high-quality soil shovel at a low price.
This shovel is bend-proof, made of sturdy carbon steel, and has an ergonomic design so it’s easy on the hands.
When you’re just beginning to grow a garden, it can be intimidating.
These eight essential tools will give you all you need to make gardening easier and more importantly, a pleasure.
For experienced gardeners, upgrading your tools can save you a lot of work. For beginners, the list of basic gardening tools we’ve provided will get you off to a great start. Only consider upgrading to more expensive tools when you gain more experience.


How to grow a cherry
Cherry loved by all gardeners for abundant harvests and a pleasant, slightly sour taste of the berries. Two or three decades ago, the most common varieties, occurring on private land, were "Vladimir" and cherries "Lubsko". Now, not only increased the number grades, but also forms. For example, now quite common to see a felt cherry - small trees (up to 1-1.5 m in height) with a lot of berries. Another new species - Cherry creeping.
You will need:
- The soil; - Fertilizers; - Seedlings; - Water; - Shovel; - Watering.
Instruction how to grow cherry
Purchase seedlings. It is better not to do it on the market, but in a special nursery, which are responsible for compliance with the varietal planting material. When choosing varieties, be sure to ask whether they need cross-pollinators. Unfortunately, most in need of cherry trees bearing fruit and the pair will not be without. Another important aspect - the state of the seedlings. Carefully inspect for a discharge of the cortex, and other evidence of disease.
Prepare a pit cherries. If you are planting a tall tree - for example, "Zhukovskaya" or "Memory Yenikeyeva" reaching three meters or more in height, - for their root system needed well in 1 cubic meter For less tall cherry - just 50-60 cubic meters. cm. Remove the top layer of fertile soil, put in strontium. Fill the hole bark of deciduous trees, small branches and other plant debris about two-thirds the height. Good tamp. The next layer may consist of sawdust or chips from remaining in the area of chores. Then put a layer of rotted manure.
Make a hole in the landing a small hill. Place the tree so that the trunk fell on the top of the mound and the roots straighten on its slopes. Fill the fertile land, which at the time was postponed. Good tamp that the roots are not formed unwanted voids. Liberally pour using a splitter. Under each seedling should be poured at least a bucket of water.
Pour, loose and fertilize young cherries at least twice a month. The better will be your care of it, the higher the yield will cherry in the future. As a rule, the first berries can be expected next year. At the time of fruiting wood enters the third year after planting. If you are growing the cherries in an area where there are cold winters with little snow - sure to make frame shelter. Otherwise there is a risk that the tree is frozen.


The photoperiod is the period of daily illumination received by an organism. When manipulating photoperiods, there are two common divisions of time. The first is long-day photoperiod, with 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. The second is short-day photoperiod with 8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness.
According to the research published in the National Library of Medicine in 2021, it is known that the regulation of circadian rhythm through photoperiod and light intensity has a significant impact on the behavior and physiology of dairy cows. This article will discuss the benefits of applying different photoperiods for different stages of the cow's life cycle, and the benefits of agricultural lighting for cows and farmers.
Different Lighting for Different Stages of Cow
Lighting affects many aspects of a cow's production and life at different stages. The following are the benefits of applying different photoperiods for three stages of cows.
l Lactating Cows
Compared with cows exposed to natural light, applying long-day photoperiods for lactating cows can increase milk production by 10%-15%. On the other hand, lighting can also affect the dry matter intake of cows. Lactating cows under long-day photoperiods will consume 6% more dry matter than those under natural photoperiods. The increased dry matter intake can convert into milk, resulting in increased milk production of lactating cows.
l Prepubertal Heifers
The industry has always aimed to get heifers into the milking herd as soon as possible. Studies have shown that long-day photoperiods can advance heifers' puberty, allowing them to develop their height and mammary glands rapidly. Thus, heifers exposed to long-day photoperiods will have increased milk production during the first lactation. Additionally, stimulating heifers with proper lighting can reduce stress, increase feed intake, and lead to stronger, more productive cows.
l Dry Cows
The photoperiod is reversed in dry cows compared to lactating cows and heifers. Using short-day photoperiods during the dry period can increase cows' dry matter intake by 2.9 pounds per day. Dry cows will undergo extensive mammary gland remodeling during farrowing. Combined with eating a lot of dry matter, the dry cows that experience short-day photoperiods can increase milk production up to 6.8 pounds per day during lactation.
The Benefits of Agricultural Lighting for Cows and Farmers
Light, as an environmental factor closely related to organisms in nature, also affects the physiological functions of cows. According to the U.S. Department of Energy’s 2016 Animal Responses to Light Meeting report, providing adjustable agricultural lighting can enhance the growth and development of dairy cows at different stages. Moreover, agricultural lighting has also been shown to reduce stress and improve disease resistance in dairy cows, improving their productivity and well-being.
Lighting not only benefits the cows but also benefits the farmer. Agricultural lighting lasts longer and can withstand the harsh conditions in cowsheds, helping farmers reduce maintenance costs and workload. Furthermore, compared with traditional lighting, agricultural lighting can imitate the natural environment of life. For farmers, this means agricultural lighting can help them reduce eye strain, make them easier to concentrate and create a safer and more secure work environment.
Hontech-Wins：IP67 iCOW T70 LED LIGHT
Agricultural lighting has a positive impact on both livestock and the environment. However, Hontech-Wins took notice of this early on. With an understanding of LED technology and the needs of the LED lighting market, Hontech-Wins has successfully developed suitable LED lighting for poultry and livestock growth.
As an expert company with 13 years of experience producing LED lighting, Hontech-Wins is committed to product innovation and the development of lighting control systems. IP67 iCOW T70 LED light is a flicker-free LED lighting for cows with smooth dimming adjustment from 0-100%. Our LED lighting has a long service life and good brightness uniformity. At the same time, we also have the CE, ROHS, and ETL certifications, and have reached the high dust-proof and waterproof level of IP67 certification. This LED lighting is a provider of lighting solutions for poultry farms, pig farms, dairy sheds, and mushroom houses.
Contact us for more information about IP67 iCOW T70 LED light!


To keep your lawn lovely all of the 12 months round you want the right gear. Right tools variety from a spade or shear and attain to lawnmower and sprinkle structures.
Lawn care gadget facilities are the first-rate region to look for accurate advice in what sort of device you want according to you lawn length and sort. All the equipment to be had have a excellent relation cost performance ratio and may lend you extra than a hand inside the lawn care work you are appearing. Fort Worth Sprinkler Repair
Mulching Lawnmowers At Lawn Care Center
Mulching lawnmower are friendly with lawns and their proprietors, maybe you watched they too complicated but are quite simple to handle.Enjoy the usage of a lawnmower to improve your garden and store simply masses of time.
Lawn Care Center Equipment:
Consider different device like automatic irrigation device:These are very suitable for humans with huge garden or scarcity of time to hold their lawn regularly watered. Other important advantage is you may keep water, so precious to the planet in recent times, and sprinkle effectively your lawn on the proper hours,no person will neglect to water you lawn and no waste of water be executed. It is a simply clever answer on your watering hassle.
Irrigation systems ought to be under constant surveillance and their maintenance wishes are excessive,sprinklers many time are unbalance and waste water being very harmful in your lawn or lawn. If you observed that a leak or broken piece might also blow off a fantastic amount of water, you note it can’t be repair later, it need to be restore as soon as feasible, lawn care system facilities promote the element required for replacement and may advice you about the fine of the product.
Leaf Blowers and Vacuums
Leaf blower can double the capability of snowblowers and sweepers, they can get your lawn put off after smooth up, fall or spring and let it freed from any waste, and they come in a spread of models and powers, but recollect the most important leaf blower are the nosiest and some human beings won’t feel very excellent around you while the noise, notice which you must determinate the makes use of of your blower: electric hand held gadgets are commonly small and really easy to handle, suitable for small regions, but dry leaves at big amount cannot manipulate with the aid of this device, large gas-powered blowers are appropriate for a numerous uses: doing away with snow, moist leaves and huge quantity of dry leaves.
Remember that any device bought have to have assurance,ask in there are any service provided after the purchase and ensure this is no rate or it’s far, how plenty you have to pay,system generally got here out of manufacturing unit in properly condition but a failure may additionally seem, it’s far you proper to recognise if your cash may be refund, the system will trade for a new one or the repair will blanketed within the warranties, a lawn care system center will control the trouble with out a good deal difficulty and you will get the answers you look for from the commercial workforce.
How to Keep Properly Equipment And Tools
Tools and gadget ought to be right cleaned before and after the paintings, hold them free of rust or dust, sharp and keep your tools on a dry place they’re crucial to lawn caring and keep on top suit your landscape edges, and if you do not take the good enough degree they can not carry out the required work and damage the entire paintings.


BY GRACE LIMA
Former Kokopo town mayor and ward member for Bitavavar Diuvia Kopman has called on cocoa farmers in the province to work the land as it is the only way to bring about economic empowerment.
Speaking last week during the cocoa low cost training under the production partnership agriculture project (PPAP) Mr Kopman said the government of the day cannot deliver services to every door step therefore it was up to families to be creative and up-skilled to sustain their day-to-day living.
“True our country and province are going through very difficult times in terms of finance and we people at the local level also experience the same. We cannot sit down and do nothing but to work the land, plant cocoa and coconut and tap into agriculture,” Mr Kopman said.
He acknowledged PPAP and its partners for choosing Bitavavar to run the training and urged his people to get the necessary skills and knowledge and put them into practice as it would help them in the long run.
“It is a great opportunity for the people it sure motivates us not to give up but to pursue with the skills imparted to us. We need to have the determination inside of us to work and grow our money locally,” he said.
Mr Kopman also thanked the team from the Autonomous Region of Bougainville (AROB) for the innovative training citing that AROB is a clear example that after the crisis they found means and ways to earn their living and their feat is a challenge to those in Kokopo to do the same.
“The problem now we have and see is a person need to change their priorities and mindset. With this small drive people need this kind of training and knowledge. I encourage people to attend such trainings as there are hard times ahead of us,” he said.


Need Commercial Gardening and Mowing contractors in Mullengrove?
We offer commercial contract gardening and lawn mowing services in Mullengrove, catering to real estate agents and landlords, businesses, schools and universities, hospitals and more.
We even offer same day gardening services if our scheduled permits.Just call Commercial Gardening services on 131 546 or you can book a commercial lawn mowing job online for a time that suits or schedule a free, no obligation quote.
Gardening and Lawn Mowing prices can vary depending on the size, topography, layout, plantings and overall state of the garden currently, so it is usually best for us to view the garden first to provide an accurate estimate of costs.
Ensure your business is professionally maintained & presented by Jim's contract gardening team. We can complete all aspects of gardening maintenance including regular mowing, pruning, edging, fertilising and mulching. We can also address one-off and seasonal gardening projects, such as turfing, irrigation solutions, landscaping, rubbish removal and gutter cleaning.
Jim's Commercial Mowing services in Mullengrove offer fully trained staff, who can advise you on all aspects of garden care, from plant selection, pruning, fertilization and mulching schedules, watering frequency, pest control, soil pH, plant feed, weeding and wetting agents best suited to each plant, tree and lawn type. It is important that trees, flowers and plants are not damaged when fertilized or mulched.Likewise, watering too frequently can deteriorate soil nutrients and change soil pH levels, reducing the lushness of plants and lawns.Our fully trained gardening team know this, and so much more, so don't leave your business's gardening care to just anyone.
Be assured that all Jim's Commercial Mowing staff are required to have a current police check, are fully insured and fully trained. Plus, our work comes with a 100% money back guarantee.
Jim's Commercial Customers can be assured that all work is fully OH&S compliant, and work will be carried out to suit their need, including outside of normal business hours, if required.
Although fertilisers are a vital part of producing healthy plants they can also cause substantial environmental destruction and should be used cautiously. Applying unnecessary amounts of fertilisers can result in the movement of nutrients into waterways triggering algal blooms and other environmental complications. There are 2 key ways of fertilising your garden: 1) You can […] … Read More
Gutters are vital roofing components; they direct water away from the house in order to effectively preserve the non-waterproof elements of the structure. However, a lot of homeowners are guilty of neglecting proper maintenance of their gutters. They allow dirt and other debris to build up in them and block the pathway of rainwater caught […] … Read More
Cooking with fresh herbs is the best and healthiest way to increase the taste of your meals, whether you toss some in a salad, roast them on meat and veggies or add them to sauces. While fresh herbs are often accessible at grocery stores all year round, growing your own herbs is a great way […] … Read More


Blueberry Bush 'Chandler' [BLU007]
Save: 10% off
plants were healthy and strong when received. doing great in the flower bed and leaves are just stunning. had at least 100 gm of fruit in first year and it was juicy full of flavor and firm flesh. just need to make sure that the base of the plant does get good sun.
Date Added: 28/09/2017 by mani malham


There are several problems related to GMOs that need to be addressed. The power of multinational corporations over food production needs to be reduced, and GMOs - like any new innovations - need to be regulated appropriately. However, completely banning all GMO production is not sensible since the benefits of being able to produce more healthy food more efficiently are overwhelmingly greater than the potential risks and problems of GMO production. GMOs help massively in combating famine, malnutrition and the overconsumption of resources in food production. There is vast scientific evidence that supports this conclusion coming from organisations such as the EU and the FAO. On issues as significant as global food production we need to build policies on a strong scientific basis, and therefore I oppose completely banning GMOs.
|Motion:||Reinventing our agricultural policies.|
|Proposer:||Iiris Suomela (Finnish Green youth)|


Jatropha berlandieri is in bloom, as they tend to be all summer long. This is one of those plants that we do not water at all over the winter. It dies back to the caudex. They will get about a foot across, and if you dig it up, the underground part of the caudex is usually not so round, not so perfect. They’re found along the Mexico/Texas border.


The ADHA, formerly known as the American Dwarf Hop Association, has changed its name.
The ADHA began as a collaboration between growers interested in the progressive development of hop growing practices in the US and breeding hop varieties adapted for those practices, specifically low trellis production.
What started out as a venture into the development of dwarf hop varieties at first for low trellis production and later standard trellis cultivation has evolved into an effort to breed for durable good agronomy, disease resistance, unique aroma, and broad adaptation to different growing regions. While these aspirations are high, so are our standards. The ADHA continually invests in research into varietal development and hop production techniques. We are working to find solutions to the challenges presented to farmers by the global nature of our world in the 21st century.
What we have learned through several generations of knowledge and experience growing hops is that quality comes not only from good genetics, but from thoughtful and intentional growing practices. We view the crop as part of an ecosystem that has to be cultivated as a whole and not just on the plant level. We don’t strive to tame nature, but rather learn from it to optimize the conditions that make our hops thrive.
We believe that being environmentally friendly and profitable are not mutually exclusive. The ADHA encourages sustainable growing practices while maintaining profitability for the grower. As hops are a food product, we expect our growers to adhere to certifiable standards to ensure the quality, traceability, and safety of the hops they produce for our beer drinking consumers.
WHAT ABOUT LOW TRELLIS PRODUCTION?
Is the ADHA completely moving away from its dwarf roots and low trellis production? The answer is no. We maintain a diverse archive of varieties and continue to breed for adaptability for a time in the future when low trellis production becomes an economically viable option again. By breeding for varieties that adapt well to both low and standard trellis systems we will be well prepared for any major shifts the industry may see in the future.


Plant water balance protector
Reduces premature fruit drop
Reduces winter desiccation and frost damage
Naturgard® is a natural product formulated with compounds derived from pine.
It acts by forming a fine, flexible transparent film on leaves and fruit, reducing the amount of water lost.
The product is biodegradable, 100% plant origin and approved for use in Organic Farming.
It can be used at any stage of the crop cycle.


Postharvest control of Botrytis gray mold in tomato by antagonists and biorational compounds
Abstract: The fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea causes severe rots on tomato fruit during storage and shelf life. Continuous use of synthetic fungicides has produced an increasing public concern regarding contamination of edible crops with toxic residues, and proliferation of resistance in the pathogen populations. These facts have led to a search for new alternative control measures in a more ecological way. This study evaluates efficacy of biocontrol agents (Trichoderma harzianum and Epicoccum nigrum), botanicals (Lippia alba and garlic extracts) and low-risk chemicals such as salicylic acid (SA), sodium bicarbonate (SB), potassium chloride (PC) and sodium phosphate dibasic (SP) against gray mold caused by B. cinerea on postharvest tomato fruits. The fruits were obtained in packinghouse, being washed and disinfected with sodium hypochlorite. Artificially wounded fruits were treated sequentially with each bio-agent and the pathogen. After 1 week of incubation in plastic trays, the soft rot lesion diameters were evaluated. Results obtained have demonstrated that the treatment with T. harzianum, E. nigrum, PC, SP and garlic extract reduced significantly the gray mold infections from 95 up to 99% compared to the control treated with B. cinerea alone. These findings indicate that these environmentally friendly agents have the potential to control postharvest gray mould on tomato fruits in an integrated pest management strategy.


Hemp is a tall plant, of a coarse aspect, cultivated in fields for its stalk. It grows five feet high, and is a robust plant; the stalk is thick and rigid; the leaves are numerous, they are large, and each composed of six or seven smaller; these are disposed in the manner of fingers, and are of a deep green colour, rough, narrow, and serrated at the edges. The flowers in hemp grow in some plants, and the seeds on others. The flowers are inconsiderable, and whitish; the seeds are large, roundish, grey, and have a white pulp within. The root is fibrous. The seeds are used in medicine; an emulsion made of them cures the jaundice.


Fresh greenery all year round
In a SproutPearl you can grow fresh vegetables all year round.
It only takes 2 days to grow your own pea sprouts. Clover, Broccoli, Radish are ready to harvest in 6 days.
The plants grow from the nutrients in the seed, so they don’t need soil – that means a clean kitchen for you.How you grow...
Delicious in all dishes
Your fresh Sprouts and Microgreens are delicious in all dishes.
Try them in a green salad, blend them in your smoothie, put them in a sandwich or sprinkle them on soup.
You will discover a new world of taste and satiety.SEE MORE
The SproutPearl is designed to grow 30 different varieties of sprouts and microgreens.
You can even put extra trays into the bead so you can harvest several different crispy sprouts every day.
Sustainability? It has been incorporated into the design, as the material is durable and can be recycled into new plastic products.Read more
HOW TO DO IT
In your package you will find a step-by-step guide.
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me.
YOUR CHOICE MAKES A DIFFERENCE
All seeds are organic and guaranteed GMO free.
Grown by EU approved farmers.
FRESH SPROUTS is a Danish company with a focus on delivering Danish, environmentally friendly quality with good service.
I am EU certified to supply you with organic seeds for growing sprouts, shoots and microgreens.
FRESH SPROUTS started in 2010 because I wanted to make it possible for everyone to enjoy fresh, organic vegetables.
I will pack your order in recycled cardboard boxes with clean paper insulation or bio-friendly corn granules.


NOTE: Cilantro may be referred to as Coriandrum sativum in this article, in fact, those are the same plants, Coriandrum sativum is the botanical name for Cilantro.
It is a great addition to any herb garden. It is a relatively easy plant to grow, and it has two cooking uses for the price of one. The plant’s thin, green stems and flat leaves are best eaten fresh.
The seeds of Coriander are used as a common cooking spice in Indian, Middle Eastern, and Asian cuisines. It can be planted in the early spring and also in the fall. Its first harvest of leaves can be seen within 30 days. The seeds will be ready for harvest three months after planting.
Why does my Coriandrum sativum roots have rot?
If left untreated, root rot on your Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) can be fatal. For this reason, if the symptoms appear, we highly advise that you adhere to our recommendations to keep your plant alive: Blackened and softened roots.
Why does my Cilantro have gray mold spots?
Gray mold spots are a type of fungus that is found a lot in flowers, and spreads quite rapidly. If you notice brown (or gray) spots, it is probably this fungus. Don’t ignore these symptoms, as they may end up killing your plant.
The solution is quite logical when you know the cause of the problem. Most of the time, it is due to overwater of the Coriandrum sativum. We advise you to remove the infected parts of the plant, cut off the infected roots and leaves, then repot your plant using sterile potting soil and a clean pot.
Why does my Cilantro have leaf spots?
This type of disease is one of the most frustrating for Cilantro owners, we give you all the leads to spot and save your plants that present symptoms such as leaves that suddenly change color, or wilt/droop.
Why are my Cilantro leaves turning yellow?
This is probably the most common problem in the gardening world, yellowing leaves. There are 2 main reasons for this phenomenon, overwatering, or a lack of nutrients.
Whether you think your plants are getting too much water, cut back on how often you water them, and take the following measures to see if they might be nutritionally deficient:
Here are some signs of yellowing caused by the many deficiencies on the Coriandrum sativum in question:
- The first symptom of a magnesium deficiency is yellow patches between leaf veins on elder leaves. The leaf’s core turns yellow while the veins stay green. The edges of the leaf yellow last.
- Another indicator of iron deficiency is yellowing between leaf veins, but young leaves on plant tops and branch tips are first affected.
- The newest leaves are first affected by sulfur deficiency, rendering them completely yellow.
- Leaf edges turning bright yellow but inside leaf remaining green are signs of potassium insufficiency. The symptoms first appear on older leaves, and the leaf edges quickly become dark.
- A broad yellowing indicates a nitrogen deficiency. Yellowing starts with older, inner leaves. Yellowing spreads as it advances, eventually touching new leaves as well.
You only need to respond to the signs mentioned above. A gardening store expert will be able to provide you advice on how to purchase a specific soil to treat a potassium or nitrogen deficiency. Additionally, you can reduce how often you water your plants.
Is my Cilantro sunburned?
It is simple to determine whether your Cilantro (your Coriandrum sativum) has sunburn. Your plant will change color in this instance, beginning to turn yellow or white, much like it does on us.
The leaves of your Cilantro can also change color in case it gets too much water or not enough light, as we saw above.
However, there is a way to tell if it is sunburn; look at the bottom of the yellow leaves, the ones that have a shaded area closer to the root, if this area stays greener, it is probably sunburned, not something else.
Why are my Cilantro leaves turning brown?
The classic sign that a plant has been overexposed to direct sunlight and sunburned is the development of browning leaves. Rest assured that while this may probably save your plant from dying, it will adversely affect its growth.
Should I leave my Coriandrum sativum in direct sunlight?
No! Don’t leave your Coriandrum sativum (or Cilantro) in the sun if it displays the symptoms mentioned above; that’s why it’s in such a bad situation.
As stated in the paragraph above, the cure is straightforward: simply position your plant’s Cilantro so that it is out of direct sunlight. With proper watering and this method, your plant should quickly come back to life.
Why are my Coriandrum sativum leaves drooping or wilting ?
In most cases, this happens when your Coriandrum sativum lacks water. This is especially the case for large plants, naturally they need more water than others.
Whether your Coriandrum sativum plant’s pot appears light, the soil and roots are likely fairly dry and need water, so you can readily tell if it needs to be hydrated.
In order to ensure that the roots of your plant receive the water’s benefits, you must first moisten the soil in the container if it is absolutely dry. One common error is to immediately drown the Cilantro after a dry period in the belief that it requires a lot of water.
This is true, but the easiest way to end it is to give too much water at once. Instead, you should water the soil properly, returning to a peaceful watering rhythm.
Caring Tips for Coriandrum sativum
Your plant needs water to survive, but it’s crucial to balance the amount and timing of watering. As we previously mentioned, overwatering could be catastrophic for your Coriandrum sativum.
Touching the soil will let you know whether your plant needs water or not; if it still feels damp, it’s generally best to wait a few more days.
Always keep temperatures stable
Maintaining a consistent temperature for your Coriandrum sativum is also a good idea, especially if it is kept indoors. At GreenShack, we typically advise reserving a temperature between 65 and 85 degrees F. Of course, avoid positioning your Coriandrum sativum close to air conditioners, radiators, or other sources of hot or cold air.
Keep your Cilantro Dust-Free
This one is about houseplants. Your indoor plants’ leaves get dusty just like your furniture does. The problem is that this might prevent photosynthesis from beginning, which would result in the plants gradually losing their color.
This would also make the pests happy, a real descent into hell for your Cilantro.
Take a microfiber cloth and gently massage the plant’s leaves to get rid of the dust. Use a damp cloth to make dust removal easier, but avoid using corrosive materials like rubbing alcohol!
Keep drainage in mind
If you tend to overwater, you need to pay attention to your drainage, and we advise choosing a saucer and a pot with drainage holes if they are not already there.
In the meantime, if you don’t have holes in your pots, you can add volcanic rocks (or any rocks with holes) at the bottom of your pot, this way it will create a channel so that the water doesn’t stay in your skin too much (to avoid that roots start to rot!)


For many, the recent cold snap has resulted in the loss of plants and shrubs. At the hospice we have been relatively lucky in terms of the damage caused by the cold weather; the snow actually insulated the plants that had started to grow so they were protected from the frost. We have lost a couple of yew trees in Bicton which bent and snapped under the weight of the snow and have lost a few of cotinus shrubs which should hopefully grow back next year.
Now the snow has gone and the ground has thawed we can start preparing the flower beds and borders. Over in Apley we have top dressed and cultivated the boarders ready for planting.
We have been very busy in the greenhouse sewing a wide variety of fruit and vegetable seeds including leeks, cabbage, broccoli, sweet peas and lettuce. Following a request from the ladies that work hard in our kitchens over in Apley we have also planted lots of herbs which we hope to turn into a small herb garden. When the seedlings are strong enough we will be planting them out in our kitchen gardens in Shrewsbury and Telford. These gardens form part of a bigger plan to reduce the impact the hospice has on the environment by reducing our food miles. We have also been entered into the Britain in Bloom ‘Incredible Edibles’ community scheme so we are starting to plan ahead ready for judging later in the year.
As spring seems to have finally arrived there are a wide variety of bulbs flowering across both sites adding a splash of colour. The daffodils and tulips are in full bloom and we are starting to see more shoots appearing every day.
At our hospice in Shrewsbury we are currently undertaking a spot of building work to upgrade patient facilities on our Breidden ward. As a result we’ve had to move a number of shrubs and trees so the builders can get to where the work is being carried out.
For gardens as large as the ones at the hospice mowing can often seem like painting the Forth Bridge, once you’ve finished one end it’s time to start all over again. Now the weather has improved we have been able to start mowing the lawns in Apley but as the ground is much wetter in Bicton we’ll have to wait a little while longer.
This week’s handy hints and tips….
Daffodils are beautiful this time of year but once they have finished flowering resist the temptation to remove the leaves and to tie them back. It is best to just dead head daffodils once they have finished flowering and leave the leaves as they help to provide food and sustenance for the bulbs that will become next year’s flowers.
This time of year is also a good time to start ventilating your greenhouse to allow fresh air to circulate so your plants can use the carbon dioxide to photosynthesize.


BioBizz Bio Grow Fertilizer Growth
Biobizz Bio Leaf-Coat is a spray that protects plants from insects and mold. Leaf-Coat is made of natural rubber, so it is 100% organic. After about an hour after application, a thin layer forms around the leaves protecting everything. This natural rubber forms a protective, permeable, self-degrading layer on the leaf while allowing air and light to pass through. However, this thin layer is effective enough to protect the plant from pests and diseases. Leaf Coat does not need to be mixed in water, but is ready to use. Spray the leaves and flowers of the plant completely, repeat about twice a week. Leaf-Coat can be used up to two weeks before the end of the flowering period.
Advantages of the organic fertilizer
- Is based on a 100% organic rubber formula
- Provides effective plant protection
- Recommended against pests & insects
- Spray twice a week on leaves & flowers
What are you waiting for? Order our pest control from Weedness now!


ICARO DNA (Trichocereus peruvianus)
Hi Folks, time for another posting here on the website! It´s time to take a closer look at the ICARO DNA Trichocereus peruvianus strains, which were around for at least 10 years.
Their strain is an extremely blue and spiny Peruvianus strain that comes from Matucana. Everyone who ever grew some of those wonderful plants from that area knows that they are THE epitome of a non-cuzco Peruvianus.
The shop owner Julio & his ICARO DNA shop have been around forever and just earned a reputation for their consistently great quality. Their seeds are fresh and very well cleaned. I sometimes stock their seeds and if you are looking for ICARO seeds just send me an email and I´ll hook you up!
The ICARO seeds were picked up by many shops and ended up being one of the more common strains around Australia. Those plants are not clones, but grown from Matucana seeds which are genetically diverse.
Here are some pics for your viewing pleasure! The Photos were donated by Trichocereus.com.au, SAB member Getafix, Blowng,Naja Naja & Sebastian Preiss! If you want to buy Trichocereus peruvianus seeds from Matucana, you can get them here: http://trichocereus.net/product/buy-trichocereus-peruvianus-seeds-matucana-100s
Get our cool Seed & Plant List and Newsletter
Subscribe to our Trichocereus Seed & Plant List/ Newsletter and get interesting stuff, discounts and updates to your email inbox. The Newsletter rocks! Worldwide Seed Shipping and Plants/Cuttings shipping within the EU/Germany!
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1-2 Planting area distribution of cassava root
in China, 2012
2% when using fish meal as a protein source in addition to cassava root
meal and rice bran in the diet of F1 (Large White x Mong cai) pigs.
In the shadows of the cohune palms and the guanacaste trees, they dig up 40 to 50 pounds of cassava roots
and pile them in baskets, which theyc arry on their heads back to the village, arriving just in time to avoid the sizzling heat of the mid-day tropics.
is also increasingly popping up in crisp form.
Ileal digestibility of amino acids in growing pigs given cassava root
meal diets with inclusion of cassava leaves, leucaena leaves and groundnut foliage.
42] reported higher levels of peak viscosity in cassava grits (tapioca) made from CMD cassava varieties obtained from South Western Nigeria, and starch from cassava roots
Effect of stem pruning on cassava root
yield and leaf growth.
At night, she slept in a hammock that she would hang up in the local school or health post, eating a diet of cassava root
, beans and local grains.
The low crude protein value obtained here was in line with the fact that cassava root
is a poor source of protein , as well as lipids.
Effects of Supplementing Gamba Grass (Andropogon gayanus) with Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Hay and Cassava Root
Chips on Feed Intake, Digestibility and Growth in Goats.
contains high level of energy which has been used as energy sources in ruminant diets (Chanjula et al.
Enriching nutritive value of cassava root
by yeast fermentation.
With over 200 million MT of world cassava root
production, cassava starch contributes less than 8 % of the world starch production compared to starches derived from most other plants.
Tapioca, a starch made from cassava root
, is usually associated with school puds.
You'll also find some chicharron pieces with steamed or fried cassava root


The fungus has been reported to be carried in seed-pieces or soils which are the source of primary infection. Initial symptoms of the disease appear as light yellowing of leaf tips which gradually spread down to the leaf blade and leaf sheath along the margin. Ginger can be grown both under rain fed and irrigated conditions. In the advanced stage, severe yellowing and wilting symptoms occurs. The bacteria are spread through soil, water, infected or contaminated rhizomes. Season: The collar region of the pseudo-stem shows pale translucent brown colour which becomes water soaked, due to destruction of parenchymatus tissues. Basal: FYM 25-30 t + 30 tonnes green leaves as mulch in three splits : 15 tonnes-immediately after planting, 7.5 tonnes – 60 days and 120 days after planting, 50: 25 kg of P and K per ha. After sowing, till the plants grow, ginger is susceptible to different diseases and infections. Ginger and turmeric being vegetatively propagated have high risk for transmission of several diseases which could be lethal and debilitating. (2) The numbers following EC e × 10³ are the electrical conductivity values of the saturation extracts in millimhos per cm at 25°C associated with a 50 % decrease in yield. Initially, lesions are small, ellipsoid or ovoid, and greenish-gray and usually develop near the water line in lowland fields. april 28th, 2018 - chilli plant diseases are less common but often far more dangerous to plants than other problems detailed on the site''TNAU Agritech Portal Crop Protection April 26th, 2018 - Avoid monoculture of chilli crop Selection of healthy and disease free seed Suitable insecticidal sprays reduce the incidence of … Water soaked appearance found at the base of pseudostem and rotting takes place at the basal portion. Leaf roller can be controlled by spraying Carbaryl 50 WP 2 g/ha or Quinalphos 25 EC 2 ml/lit. The lesions are usually observed on the leaf sheaths although leaf blades may also be affected. Causative Agent The pathogen prefers warm wet weather and outbreaks typically occur in the early summer months most symptoms of the pathogen do not occur until late summer. Insects like Trichogramma brasiliensis, T. chelonis and Chrysoperla carnea can also be … Controlling rhizome rot in ginger Rhizome rot, also called soft rot, is one of the most devastating diseases of ginger. Disease, occurs during south west monsoon. Younger sprouts are the most susceptible to the pathogen. The first conspicuous symptom is mild drooping and curling of leaf margins of the lower leaves which spread upwards. Heart Diseases. In the field, drench the beds with 2.5 g/lit of Copper oxychloride or 1% Bordeaux mixture or Metalaxyl - mancozeb 4 g/lit. Shoot borer can be controlled by spraying Dimethoate 30 EC 2 ml/lit or Phosphamidon 86 WSC 1 ml/lit. Ginger helps in reducing muscle pains and soreness. In this context, the TNAU under the dynamic leadership of the Vice Chancellor, Director of Research and other technical directors, the ... technology capsule for pests and diseases management, labour saving farm machineries and post-harvest management practices. Rhizome bold, highly flavoured, highly fibrous, Slender rhizome, lemon flavoured and less fibrous, Rhizome slender, pungent, flavoured and fibrous, U.p, Rio-de-genero, Thingpuri, Karakkal/ Suprabha/ Anamika, SG-646, (Kerala), SG-666 (Himachal Paradesh). Fence . It is valued in medicine as a carminative and stimulant of the gastro-intestinal tract. The yellowing spreads to all leaves of the plant from the lower region upwards and is followed by drooping, withering and drying of pseudo Stems. Nematode infestation aggravates rhizome rot disease. Ultimately rhizomes get rotted. In parallel, it reduce cholesterol and strengthen the functioning of the heart. If you grow greens or planning to grow them, here are the common diseases of leaf vegetables, their causes, prevention, control, and treatment. For insect-borne diseases or insect pests, growing your carrots under Reemay or Agribon row cover will prevent insects from laying eggs or chomping down your carrots. Ginger plants up to the age of 6 to 7 months are susceptible to the disease and 2-week-old leaves are most susceptible. It is the most destructive disease in ginger farming in India affecting the ginger crop. Ginger, an indigenous plant, is an important spice crop of the world. Observations on the etiology of rhizome rot of ginger are presented for Fiji and Australia. Onion plant diseases arise during warm, moist weather and most have similar symptoms, which include spots and lesions on leaves and bulbs, areas that look as though they are water-soaked, browning foliage and toppling. theicola. Many of the diseases, pathogens and pests that affect the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) may affect other members of the plant genus Camellia. The pathogen is known to prefer warm wet weather, coupled with high soil moisture. May - June is highly suitable for cultivation. For successful cultivation of the crop, a moderate rain fall at sowing time till the rhizomes sprout, fairly heavy and well distributed showers during the growing period and dry weather for about a month before harvesting are necessary. High rainfall and poor drained soil favour in development of disease. Diseases Soft rot (Pythium sp.) They wiped out rhizomes on almost 5000 hectares [about 12 360 acres] in Karnataka and 2500 hectares [about 6180 acres] in Kerala, [the] South Indian Ginger Growers' Association [said]. P ESTS AND DISEASES OF HOT PEPPER. May - June is highly suitable for cultivation. When the base of the shoot turns from bright white to bright pink, hill the crop about 4\". TNAU Agritech Portal Crop Protection. From infection to total collapse is gradual. This should occur roughly every … Amaranth, bush cowpea, bush dolichos bean. Pests High rainfall and poor drained soil favour in development of disease. Tomatoes are one of the most cultivated crops, Tomato crops can be easily grown under proper conditions and regular maintenance.Tomato crops can host of production problems and pathogens when conditions and maintenance are not ideal. At a later stage root infection is also noticed. (c) Spices Perennial chilli, ginger, turmeric, mango ginger . Seed treatment: Ginger is a spicy, fragrant herb that is utilized in many culinary dishes. The diseased leaves present in the debris of an infected field serve as a primary inoculum in the next season. If your tree seems to be ailing or your fruit doesn’t look right, read on. Initial symptoms of the disease appear as light yellowing of leaf tips which gradually spread down to the leaf bla Waterlogging in the field due to poor drainage increases the intensity of the disease. Facebook Twitter Pinterest Linkedin Tumblr Reddit Stumbleupon Whatsapp Telegram LINE Email. In Fiji, the disease generally develops during hot, wet conditions in March and April, and often causes losses of more than 50% in seed crops. The bacteria enter the plant through wounds made in the roots during transplanting, through agricultural equipmentâs, nematodes and insects. Adoption of Integrated Pest (Disease) Management against the diseases encountered in vegetable crops is of paramount importance as most of the vegetable crops are not harvested at the end of the crop season but it is spread over a long duration by way of several pickings, as in case of tomato, okra, cucurbits, pea, beans, etc. Leaf roller Provide adequate drainage facilities. Maran, Nadia, Narasapattinam,Subrabha, suruchi, Wyanad local, Ernad chernad, wyanad, china, SG-876, SG – 882, SG 705, SG – 700, Himgiri, IISR Varadha, IISR Rejatha, IISR Mahima, China , Taffingiva, Bhaise, China,Acc.Nos.117, 35, 15, 27, Tura Local (29%), Tura –(28%), Thodupuzha (22%),Kurupppampadi (23), Nadia (22%). Rhizome rot, also called soft rot, is one of the most devastating diseases of ginger. al., 1954). Leafspot, Stem and bulb nematode, fusarium yellows, spiral nematode, Root-knot nematode, Rhizome rot, Bacterial wilt, Root rot, Burrowing nematode, Stunt nematode, Dagger nematode. Rubber - Hevea brasiliensis the important plantation crops in srilanka. It is often used fresh in stir-fry and curry dishes and dried in gingerbread and other baked goods. Yellowing starts from the lowermost leaves and gradually progresses to the upper leaves. IARI Toppers Provides Agriculture Notes,ICAR E Course Notes,JRF Notes,IBPS AFO,E krishi Shiksha,TNAU Notes,ANGRAU Notes,Agriculture Jobs Update,JRF Mock Test,JRF Old Exam Paper for agronomy horticulture,plant science,agriculture statistics,soil science,social science,icar ecourse pdf download,best agriculture books etc Treat the seed rhizomes with Mancozeb or Copper oxychloride 3 g/lit or 200 ppmStreptocycline for 30 minutes. 1500 - 1800 kg of rhizome/ha is required. Â© 2006â2019 CâDAC.All content appearing on the vikaspedia portal is through collaborative effort of vikaspedia and its partners.We encourage you to use and share the content in a respectful and fair manner. As well as pest attack also harmful to rubber plant. 2) Sprouted rhizomes are broken into pieces keeping 2-3 sprouted eye buds on each rhizome. Infected plants produce shriveled tubers and brown ground tissue. The yellowing spreads to all the leaves of plant from bottom upwards and is followed by drooping, withering and drying.
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