Growing the perfect Florida tomato
Published: Saturday, April 26, 2008 at 6:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Thursday, April 24, 2008 at 3:26 p.m.
Tomatoes are probably the most widely grown fruit in the home vegetable garden. Yet many people do not understand the basics of tomato growing for fun and bragging rights.
One of the many questions we were asked by the members of the Lady Lake Garden Club was the difference between determinate and indeterminate tomato plants and how one learns to understand the growing requirements of each type and variety.
To quote from Tomato Growers Supply Company 2008 Catalogue: "Tomato Terminology: It is helpful to understand some of the basic tomato terminology when using this catalog. Determinate plants have vines that make little or no growth once fruit is set. Harvest time is short as all the fruit develops at about the same time. Indeterminate vines keep producing new shoots and flowers even after fruit is set. Tomatoes in all stages of development may be on the vine at once and harvest is extended."
Tomatoes may be grown at home on the patio or along the southern exposure of your home in pots, barrels, buckets, pails or in the soil provided as long as you heed the basic rules for Florida planting.
The pot or container should be large enough to contain an adequate amount of planting medium to support the plants' roots, yet easy enough to move inside should we have another cold snap. Tomatoes are very tender, and most will not survive a light frost without damage.
Tomatoes, once the plant is established and growing, require daily watering when container-grown. This prevents the roots from drying and allows the plant enough moisture to absorb the nutrients that you have placed into the soil before planting.
Containers should be a minimum of 3- to 5-gallon capacity if you plan to grow the larger beefsteak or Big Boy-type tomato as unpruned vines will cause your container to become top-heavy and tip over unless staked.
Another thing to remember is to remove the "suckers" that sprout and grow at each leaf node. These suckers quickly form new shoots that rob each plant of its strength and makes for a crop of smaller tomatoes.
For best results when growing tomatoes in containers use a good, commercial, plant-growing, soilless medium. Brands such as Lambert, Miracle Grow and Fafard all market these products that eliminate the worry and hassle of our Florida native soil-borne root knot nematodes. Using yard sand or soil invites a horde of soil-borne problems to dine on your tomatoes before the crop is ready to harvest and requires the use of strong pesticides to protect the plants.
Before planting, sprinkle a cup of dolomite limestone powder from four to six inches deep into your chosen container. This will keep your plant happy and able to feed upon the fertilizer that is usually placed at or just under the top of the soil about a hand's span from the base of each newly planted tomato plant.
Florida is known for producing market tomatoes, and most of our local farmers plant a variety to ensure a long and steady production throughout the growing season. Container-grown plants extend the season by allowing the homeowner to plant in late winter or early spring, providing you have the means to protect your plant from the cold, and harvest your crop earlier and without the taint of applied pesticides.
"Tomatoes in Florida Gardens: HS 508" by James E. Stephens, an IFAS publication, is available at the Marion County Extension Service office as well as many more publications and advice from the Extension Service and the Master Gardeners. Another source of information and a great catalog of photos may be obtained from Tomato Growers Supply Company at www.tomatogrowers.com.
Our plants that were planted in pots in mid-March are well-established with flowers and fruits. It won't be long and I'll be able to enjoy the first harvest of fresh-grown tomatoes. A bit of salt and pepper, mayonnaise and fresh sliced tomatoes on fresh sandwich bread. I can taste them already!
Kathleen Patterson can be reached at 671-8400 or kathleen.patterson@
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Raised in Victoria, macadamia farmer Andrew Wallis formerly grew wheat, cattle and sheep in Bendigo. Now Andrew and wife Jo are proud macadamia farmers in Bundaberg, Queensland, the largest macadamia producing region in Australia. Wallis’s macadamia trees were planted in 2007 as part of Andrew and Jo’s retirement, “We had decided that because we’ve had a pretty hectic business life, that we’d retire at 50 and we’d like to retire on an orchard. So, 7 days a week, 14 hours a day, this is retirement,” laughs Andrew
This website has been partly funded by Hort Innovation, using the macadamia research and development levy and contributions from the Australian Government.


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For women dairy farmers across rural India, mornings can be a very stressful time. On top of completing household chores and getting their children ready for school, many women must handle the time-consuming task of collecting firewood which they need to for cooking fuel, before they begin tending to their farms. Energy poverty is a challenge for people all over the globe, especially women, who are the primary users and producers of household energy. When energy is scarce, the burden of tedious tasks like collecting firewood, leaves, twigs, and dung for cooking fuel often falls on the women of the household.
Around 2.4 billion people worldwide — about one-third of the global population — lack access to clean cooking solutions and use open fires or inefficient stoves fueled by kerosene, biomass (wood, animal dung, and crop waste), or coal, which generates harmful household air pollution. As climate change presents mounting challenges, the need for climate-smart technology and renewable energy sources is becoming increasingly urgent. In June 2022, Accion’s Global Advisory Solutions team partnered with Sistema.bio to conduct a study to understand the benefits, financing, and barriers to adopting green energy assets by women dairy farmers using biodigesters in India. Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP) funded this initiative.
Biodigesters are systems that break down organic farm animal waste and convert it into biogas and other by-products which can be used as substitutes for fertilizers. Each biodigester installation helps us get one step closer to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7, Affordable and Clean Energy, with a goal to provide biogas to all small dairy farmers. In remote areas, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) is not readily available, and electricity in villages is unreliable. After Sistema.bio introduced a technology with a prefabricated modular biodigester (including a full suite of biogas connections and a hybrid reactor designed to treat the daily waste of animal farms), the daily lives of the women dairy farmers we spoke to improved in quality. It became easier for them to manage the household and other chores. Biogas energy is not only used for cooking but also for chaffing the fodder for cattle. A biogas by-product, called bio-slurry, is produced by anaerobic fermentation of biomaterials (waste like cow dung, etc.) which has been widely used as a natural fertilizer in agricultural production, which has many nutrients and is also used like natural fertilizer in kitchen garden or farmlands to grow better quality, organic food produce. Among the dairy farmers we surveyed, biodigesters are acclaimed as a promising product made even more attractive by prompt and proactive service from Sistema.bio staff, for both installations as well as servicing.
Our insights from this study show that green energy assets like biodigesters provide a triple win for the woman dairy farmer, benefitting them economically, environmentally, and socially. Here’s what we learned:
Economic benefits of green energy
Biodigesters are green assets with optimum return on investment, leading to more household savings: For smallholder dairy farmers, the study confirmed that, assuming that liquified petroleum gas (LPG) cost increases by ₹100 ($1) annually over a 10-year period, and comparing the cost of LPG and biogas used for biodigesters, the daily cost for LPG is ₹48 ($0.60), which is almost four times the daily cost for biogas (₹11 ($0.10)).
In monetary terms, on an average, every household saved ₹6,786 ($85) per year by cutting down on LPG usage per year. The minimum cost saved is ₹500 ($6) to as high as ₹19,000 ($240). With these savings, farmers can focus on providing for their children’s education, purchasing food, and managing other household costs.
On average, each household with biodigesters reduced the usage of LPG by seven cylinders, which is about 85 percent of their petroleum gas consumption prior to using biodigesters.
Replacing chemical fertilizers with bio-slurry reduces agricultural production costs for women dairy farmers: Bio-slurry, a byproduct of biogas, is not only an environmentally friendly organic fertilizer but also an efficient use of waste material, following the waste management principles of reusing and recycling. All of the women dairy farmers participating in the study were aware of the benefits of bio-slurry and use it for growing crops both for commercial and household consumption purposes. In our research, we found that the usage of chemical fertilizers was reduced on average by 650 kg or 1,433 lb. — about twice the weight of a large motorcycle — every year.
Using biodigesters leads to a significant reduction in time spent on cooking, creating an opportunity to seek additional means for income or employment: Owing to social norms, women dairy farmers cook meals for the family at least three times a day using firewood, which takes close to three to four hours of travel time to collect. Installing and using a biodigester is simple and convenient, and the daily time spent on cooking is reduced significantly. It gives women dairy farmers the opportunity to spend their time more efficiently, allowing them to undertake productive and fulfilling activities that they were previously unable to consider, like teaching or taking on tailoring work, for example.


Well, green thumb maybe. Today, I picked the first cucumber of the summer from my patio garden. My sad little plant has taken off, and I’ll soon be setting up a table in the front yard to give cucumbers away. I’m still waiting for my tomatoes and zucchini, but I did get a late start on my garden with our recent move.
I am 100% behind the drive to “eat local”. I make several trips each week to my local farm stands to buy fruits and vegetables during these plentiful summer months. Yes, it’s better for the environment because it doesn’t require trucking in vegetables from hundreds of miles away. So my cucumbers have a tiny carbon footprint…blah, blah, blah. My reasons for supporting local farmers are a lot simpler than that:
- I believe that we show our love for God and His Creation by being responsible stewards of that Creation. As Pope John Paul II wrote in his 1991 encyclical Centesimus Annus, the earth and its resources have a “…God-given purpose, which man can indeed develop but must not betray.”
- My heritage includes a family farm. My grandfather owned and operated a small dairy farm. My mother spent many childhood years milking the cows each day. Having heard the stories of the family farm, I understand the need to protect the livelihood of small, family run farms.
- Last but not least, locally grown produce just tastes better! The tomatoes don’t taste like plastic; the cucumbers aren’t coated with wax; and the peaches…Let’s just say, I refuse to buy grocery store peaches -ever- because there is no comparison.
So this suburban, conservative housewife does live green. I plant my modest vegetable garden each year; I buy my produce from local farmers as often as possible; and I might even try composting. Above all, I’ll be thanking God for His gift of the earth and all that it contains.


Georgia on the Global Olive Map
Georgia will join the International Olive Council (IOC) at the end of November, 2019. This organization has named Georgia as the third olive hub in Europe, Giorgi Svanidze, Georgian Olive founder told BusinessPartner.
As noted, in late November Georgia will become an IOC member and, in 2020, our country will preside over this organization too, Svanidze added.
The olive industry started 10 years ago in Georgia, and this is a very encouraging business, because this field has brought very efficient results, Giorgi Svanidze noted. Georgia’s adoption into the IOC is serious progress, and I congratulate everybody who loves this culture, he added.
“I would like to stress that we produce the best oil. When we submitted an application to the International Olive Council and delivered our olive oil there, they examined the product, and granted us a top quality certificate. The olive tree in Georgia grows faster in 10-12 centimeters, compared to the same tree in Turkey or other countries: the olive skin is thinner, and the stone smaller. One liter of oil is pressed from five kilograms of olive, in the worldwide average, while in Georgia the best indicator is 3.7-3.8 liters from 4 kilograms. We have received 3.7-3.8 liters. The seedling showed that ,from the very beginning, a special product would grow in Georgia with top quality and low acidity”, Svanidze said.
The Georgian Olive’s founder says the olive industry has very attractive characteristics, and it can surpass such traditional exports items as nuts and grapes.
“We started with barren lands that could not be ploughed – similar lands uniquely fit olive culture. Soon, olive fields will not only come up with grapes, hazelnut and other industries, but also surpass them. Neither hail nor drought damages the olive, irrigation is required at the outset and then the root goes deeper, vertically, and obtains resources for itself; it lives for 1000 years, and dozens of generations can receive benefits of new plants. Our people will learn about this opportunity, gradually, and shows interest”, Svanidze said.
Plant the Future, the program launched by the Agriculture Ministry, has essentially promoted the olive industry. The program covers 70% of the costs for planting seedlings and 50% of arranging irrigation systems. The program also calls for issuing a 40% grant in the case of olive production. Thus, this program has funded olive plantations on about 30,000 hectares. On the whole, olive plantations were arranged on 50,000 hectares in Georgia.
The price per kilogram is 1.5-2 GEL, and exceeds the price of some grape varieties. According to international research reports, by 2020-2025 the global value of the olive will hit 11 billion USD.
The International Olive Council has named Georgia as the third hub in Europe, and this acknowledgement opens up serious opportunities for Georgia, Svanidze said.
“The International Olive Council has named Georgia as the third hub country. Europe needs the third hub. Spain is the first one, Italy is the second, and Georgia will place its focus on Asian countries. We have free customs regime with Asia, China, Russia, Europe and this is a huge opportunity. Georgia strives to compete with Spain, Italy, Tunis, thanks to its quality, not quantity. Cooperation with these countries means the promotion of this field in our country, opening laboratories in Georgia, subsidization, trainings and so on”, Svanidze said.


Mutant Carrots are pulled up from this vegetable garden. They look more like the work of a contemporary sculptor than a product found in the supermarket aisle.
After going to seed it appears these root vegetables are on a mission of world domination. Take cover as they continue their march and seize control, one vegetable patch at a time. Beware, the mutant carrots are coming!
I am Xan. I started this site when I was six. I want to record my ideas before it is too late. Before I conform to the prevailing expectations of the herd.


The negative impact on global food security of sanctions against Belarusian potash fertilizers10.07.2023
The Republic of Belarus has repeatedly raised the issue that sanctions against Belarusian potash fertilizers, including Lithuania’s illegal ban on the transit of Belarusian potash, threaten to cause world hunger and endanger global food security. Aides-mémoires from Belarus on this matter have been issued as official documents of the United Nations General Assembly (A/76/513, A/76/677 and A/77/809).
However, Lithuania continues to claim that Belarus’ contribution to global food security is supposedly insignificant, despite Belarus having a 20 per cent share in the global trade in potash fertilizers up until 2022.
The shortage of potash fertilizers as a result of the restrictive measures imposed against Belarusian potash has led to a shortage of potash fertilizers on the world markets and to an increase in their price and, consequently, a reduction in their use, lower crop yields and higher food prices. The situation is particularly dangerous in the least developed countries of the world, with the potential for widespread hunger.


LIVINGAGRO is a cross-border project that addresses the challenge of knowledge and technological transfer in Mediterranean agriculture and forestry systems for achieving and sharing good practices, aimed at sustainable production, protecting biodiversity, enhancing transfer of innovation and increasing profitability for territories and main actors as well as stakeholders involved. This initiative began in September 2019 and has a duration of 36 months, with an end of activities scheduled for 2022.
By using an open innovation approach for co-creating economic and social values and interactions between supply and demand, eliminating geographical and cultural barriers, the expected project results include: the creation of two Living Laboratories (Living Labs) on the themes of olive multifunctional system and grazed woodlands whose activation phases include the establishment of the Living Labs through specific agreements between public-private entities, the development of a dedicated ICT platform, the creation of a public-private community that also includes people and the launch of pilot actions aimed at experimentation.
The project also foresees the stipulation of research agreements between universities and research centers, in collaboration with economic operators of the project partner countries, the organization of field visits to assess innovation needs and training courses for the creation of innovative companies or startups, the creation of corporate-scientific brokerage events in Jordan, Lebanon, and Crete, the analysis and the development of new products or services for the agroforestry sector and technology transfer activities and intellectual property brokerage services for companies, universities, research institutes and the general public.
In consideration of these expected results, the project focuses very much on participative aspects and active involvement of different stakeholders aiming at the challenging objective to match the request for innovation by economic stakeholders of the agroforestry sector and the innovation proposals by universities and research institutes.
Would you like to learn more about LIVINGAGRO and keep updated about the advancement of project activities? Then please refer to the official project website and follow us on the official project Facebook page! An update on the progress of the project will be available in one of the next editions of the EFI Network Mediterranean newsletter.
LIVINGAGRO – Cross Border Living laboratories for Agroforestry is a project funded under the ENI CBC Med Programme 2014 – 2020 with a total budget of 3,3 Million Euros and a 2,9 Million EU-contribution involving six organizations from four different countries (Italy, Greece, Lebanon and Jordan): the Regional Forest Agency for Land and Environment of Sardinia (Fo.Re.S.T.A.S.), Italy (Beneficiary); the Italian National Research Council, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science; the National Agricultural Research Center, Jordan; the Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute; the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Greece, and ATM Consulting, Italy.


The preliminary statewide average September temperature was 68.1 degrees, 1.3 degrees below the 1991–2020 average and tied for the 38th warmest on record going back to 1895. The preliminary statewide total September precipitation was 2.64 inches, 0.71 inches below the 1991–2020 average and the 42nd driest on record.
Data are provisional and may change slightly over time.
Fall Start and Summer Finish
September is a transition month as we move from summer into fall. However, this year September started with fall-like weather and ended with a shot of summer. Daily average temperature departures in Springfield show most days in the first two-thirds of the month were cooler than normal, followed by several days in the last two weeks that were 5 to 10 degrees warmer than normal (Figure 1).
September average temperatures ranged from the mid-60s in northern Illinois to the low 70s in southern Illinois, between 1 and 4 degrees above normal (Figure 2). We should ignore the suspiciously low September average temperature near La Grange, Illinois because it is likely a measurement error. Several places hit highs in the low 90s in the latter half of September, including 94 degrees in Charleston and Aurora. Meanwhile, cooler weather in the first part of the month pushed some nighttime low temperatures into the 30s, including 37 degrees in Joliet and 39 degrees in Stockton.
The warm end to the month broke 10 daily high maximum temperature records and 10 daily high minimum temperature records. Additionally, 3 daily low maximum temperature records were broken last month.
Overall, the preliminary statewide average September temperature was 68.1 degrees, 1.3 degrees below the 1991–2020 average and tied for 38th warmest on record going back to 1895.
Dry Weather Kicks Off Harvest
Another interesting aspect of September is that rain in the first half of the month is generally welcomed by the agriculture community to help finish out beans and late-planted corn. However, rain after mid-September usually disrupts, if not delays, early harvest activity. September this year worked in the opposite way, with drier conditions early and a bit more rain later in the month.
September precipitation ranged from less than half an inch in western Illinois to over 7 inches in northeast Illinois. The northeast quarter of the state was 1 to 4 inches wetter than normal in September, while much of the rest of the state was 1 to 3 inches drier than normal (Figure 3). Last month was the eighth wettest September on record in Joliet, with 6.76 inches. Last month was the fourth driest September on record in Quincy with just 0.35 inches.
Broader Midwest Drought
Drought is often considered an isolated event. A drought comes, it creates impacts, and it leaves. However, drought does not always go away with a wetter stretch of weather. In cases where multiple waves of drought are broken up by wetter periods, drought impacts can slowly accumulate. This phenomenon has been occurring in western Illinois, particularly around the Quincy area. That part of the state has moved in and out of moderate to extreme drought multiple times in the past 18 months, culminating in significant drought impacts. The 2022-23 water year, spanning October 1, 2022 to September 30, 2023 was the 3rd driest on record in Quincy, nearly 15 inches below the 30-year normal. Figure 4 shows the intense dryness over the past 12-18 months spans much of the Midwest from Kansas to central Indiana.
The Mississippi River has responded to the months-long Midwest drought with significantly reduced flow and near record low levels. Precipitation deficits over 12- to 18-month periods cannot be made up in a month or two, but instead require extended wetter weather over multiple seasons. Therefore, while a wet winter would be beneficial to improving soil, stream, and groundwater conditions, it is likely we’ll be coming into spring 2024 with some moisture deficits in parts of the Midwest.
October–in my humble opinion–is the best weather month of the year. Days become noticeably shorter, nights become cooler, and hoodies and shorts become the ultimate nightwear. The Climate Prediction Center shows higher odds of a warmer and drier than normal October (Figure 5), but no doubt there will be some beautiful fall weather.
Meanwhile, October also brings in the first look at NOAA’s official winter prediction. This year, NOAA is leaning hard into El Niño with elevated chances of a warmer than normal winter season across Illinois, and slightly higher odds of drier than normal conditions in the eastern Midwest (Figure 6). It’s important to note that El Niño is an important component of seasonal climate variability in the Midwest but is only one of many important components to a winter season.


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A family company involved in the production of preservatives-free preparations in accordance with old family recipes and a traditional method. The company produces mainly beets with apples (in jars) – in 2012, this product received a diploma for taking the first place in the “Our Culinary Heritage – Tastes of the Regions” competition. Beets are supplied by a local agricultural producer. However, apples are a native variety coming from a nearby orchard. The company belongs to the “Leszno Flavours” Food Cluster bringing together local food producers, support institutions and local authorities.
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Unsere Mitarbeiter*innenFoto: Manuel Gutjahr
Storage and transport management of fresh produce
Automation and sensor technology
- Kalnar, Y.; Mahajan, P. (2023): Sensors for Fresh Produce Supply Chain. In: Encyclopedia of Smart Agriculture Technologies. . Springer Nature, Cham, (978-3-030-89123-7), p. 1-7. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89123-7_288-1
- Mahajan, P.; Jalali, A.; Keshri, N.; Kalnar, Y. (2023): Arduino-based control system for temperature-dependent gas modification in a fruit storage container.
- Kalnar, Y.; Jalali, A.; Weltzien, C.; Mahajan, P. (2023): Model-based gas control strategy applied to storage container for broccoli under varying temperatures.
2023- Scientist, ATB: Institute for agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam
2016-2022 - Scientist, Indian Council of Agricultural Research *ICAR- CIPHET, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Scientific research experience in food engineering and technology platform: Scientist, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR): 6+ years’ experience in formulation and execution of externally funded research and consultancy project.
3+ years of Teaching Experience:
Adjunct Professor, College of Renewable Energy and Environmental Engineering, SDAU Sardarkrushinagar, Dantiwada, Gujarat. Duration: 21/ 08/ 2013 to 15/07/ 2014 (1 year)
Guest Lecturer, College of Renewable Energy and Environmental Engineering, SDAU Sardarkrushinagar, Dantiwada, Gujarat. Duration: 07/08/ 2012 to 20/08/2013 (1 year)
Lecturer M-tech Scholar, College of Polytechnic in Agro-processing, Junagadh Agriculture University, Junagadh, Duration: 22/01/ 2011 to 29/05/2012 (1.4 year)
Expertise in the domain of automation and sensor technology and its application in post-harvest handling for fresh produce.
Worked with academic partners, good communication skills and experience in technical writing


Ben was born and raised just south of Menomonie, in Dunn County, Wisconsin. He grew up as a country kid; enjoying hunting, fishing, and hearing farm stories from his grandfather and mother. During high school, Ben took as many ag science classes as he could, then went on to Chippewa Valley Technical College where he earned Associates in Agriscience with an Agronomy emphasis and Landscape, Plant and Turf Management. After that, he attended the University of Wisconsin-Stout and earned his Bachelors degree in Management with an emphasis in Human Resources.
Through his schooling he worked on a grain farm that produced corn and kidney beans. He also worked for a company that assisted the NRCS and other government agencies with removal of invasive plants. Upon graduation, he worked for a local cooperative where he started as an Agronomist and Precision Ag specialist and quickly moved up to an Agronomy Facility Manager. After more than five years in the business, Ben made a career change. Currently, he works as an insurance agent for a Wisconsin farm-based insurance company. He also works for a local Pioneer Seed representative, assisting in seed sales, crop plans and precision agronomy services.
While working at the local coop, Ben met Haily, a contracted soil sampler and certified crop advisor who had grown up on a dairy farm in Trempealeau County Wisconsin. Along with growing up on the family farm, Haily enjoyed hunting, fishing and gardening. This led them to quickly hit it off and were married shortly after. In 2018, they purchased a track of land not far from where Ben grew up that gave them a piece of ground of their own to manage for wildlife and operate the tillable acres. Their grain farm consists of growing winter rye and soybeans while the fresh produce side includes sweet corn and zucchini to pumpkins and squash. Whether they are checking their crops, trail cameras or hunting stands, enjoying the great outdoors is something they hope to pass onto their daughter Ryelin.
In 2021 Ben earned his Real Estate License and joined the LandProz team. Ben feels that with his diverse background he will be able to bring multiple resources to better help serve you. Give Ben a call today!


Frequently Asked Questions
Are pesticides used on cranberries?
Pesticides are an important part of a typical management plan used in all commercial agriculture including cranberries. In order to minimize pest damage, cultural controls, as well as biological and chemical controls, are used.
Growers weigh the environmental and economic impacts of all control options that are available in order to make the best choice for managing a specific pest. This is called Integrated Pest Management or IPM.
Growers use pesticides only when necessary and when they do, they must be used in accordance with the label directions.


An industry for the determined and unyielding, KCBD NewsChannel 11 is recognizing those who have helped in the success of agriculture. These individuals have shown perseverance and dedication against all odds. From future ag leaders to experienced farmers and ranchers, tell us the stories of those who have made an impact on the South Plains. Nominate your agriculture advocate (age 16+)
In an industry for the determined and unyielding, KCBD NewsChannel 11 is recognizing the youth who have impacted the agriculture community with their innovations, achievements, and service. These future ag leaders have gone above and beyond to pioneer and serve the ag community. Tell us a story of a young ag leader (age 14-23) who has made an impact on the South Plains.


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Can Goats Eat Pumpkins?
Goats are natural forage lovers and they love pumpkins.
They find pumpkins palatable and do not find it hard feeding on pumpkins left behind in the fields once pumpkins undergo thawing and freezing.
Goats can also feed on pumpkin vines especially when forage is little and there are pumpkin vines growing in your yard.
Goats are choosy and can choose whether to feed on pumpkins or not. They are capable of eating up a whole pumpkin and still need more.
Goats can eat pumpkin rinds! However, not all of them will like it. Some goats will avoid the rind while others will happily gobble them down provided that they are chopped into small pieces to prevent them from choking.
Pumpkin seeds are non-toxic to goats and great for deworming. They contain an amino acid called cucurbitacin which prevents infestation by causing paralysis in the worms.
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As it turns out, wood ashes can be extremely beneficial all over the vegetable garden. From helping to raise the pH level in overly acidic soils, to recharging tired soil with a multitude of nutrients and minerals.
One thing is for sure – ashes can be an incredible resource for gardeners. Especially when you consider they are free. But when it comes to growing the most popular plant of all in the vegetable garden – the beloved tomato, ashes are truly unbelievable in how they can help produce an amazing harvest!
How Ashes Help Tomato Plants
So why are ashes so incredible for tomato plants? For starters, when wood burns down, the nutrients left behind in the ash are some of the most important of all when it comes to growing healthy, strong, and highly productive tomato plants.
At the very top of the list of those nutrients is calcium. Calcium is crucial for tomato plants. Not only does it help young tomato plants develop healthy cells and wall structures for strong stems and branches, it also assists the plant in the successful germination of its blooms.
But as important as those are to a tomato plant’s growth, calcium is even more critical when it comes to a tomato plant forming healthy fruit.
Without enough calcium, tomato plants are highly prone to blossom end rot. Blossom end rot is a disorder that occurs when a tomato plant is calcium deficient. As the tomatoes form on the plant, the blossom end begins to rot. Ultimately, the fruit rots away before it can mature.
Wood Ashes, Calcium, & Potash – How To Use Wood Ashes To Grow Great Tomatoes!
The good news is that wood ashes happen to contain a large amount of calcium. Nearly 20% of a pile of ashes is made up of calcium. Even better, those same ashes also contain a fair amount of potassium as well – which just happens to be another key nutrient tomatoes need.
Potassium, or potash as it is often called, is used by tomato plants to help absorb water. And because a tomato consists of nearly 95% water – that can certainly be a huge key in developing larger, more plump, and juicy tomatoes on your plants.
Potassium also helps power photosynthesis, which helps tomato plants turn light into energy. The energy that then powers strong, healthy growth and more blooms. Wood ash also happens to contain magnesium, phosphorous and other trace nutrients that tomato plants love as well.
If all of that wasn’t enough reason to use wood ashes on your tomato plants, when mixed into the soil around plants, ashes also increase the soil’s ability to retain moisture. That means every time it rains or you water, the plants stay hydrated longer than ever.
Now that we know the benefits ashes can bring to tomato plants, let’s take a look at a simple two-pronged approach for how to best use them for great tomato plants.
How To Use Ashes To Grow Great Tomato Plants
The secret to success when using ashes to power tomato plants all comes down to knowing when to apply ashes to the soil and plants – and in what quantity.
Just as with fertilizer and water, too much of a good thing can be harmful to plants. If too little ash is used, your tomato plants can’t get the critical nutrients they need. And if too much is applied, it can change the soil’s pH and negatively affect growth.
So when and how much wood ash should you apply to your plants? There are two great ways to use ash on your plants, and you can do both easily and quickly on planting day. Here is a look at exactly how to do both!
How To Use Ashes When Planting – How To Use Ashes To Grow Great Tomato Plants
One of the most important times to use ashes on your tomato plants is on planting day. Putting ashes directly into your planting holes can give young transplants a big dose of the nutrients they need most early on.
For best results, start by digging your tomato planting hole deep. The deeper you plant your tomatoes the better. This will allow roots to develop all along the stem, providing a strong anchor and the ability to absorb nutrients more quickly. A deep hole also allows you to add in plenty of wood ash as well.
For each plant, mix in about 1.5 cups of wood ash with the existing soil. This is also a great time to add in worm castings, coffee grounds, compost, and egg shells. Together, all of these natural ingredients will fill your planting hole with serious power.
Top Dressing With Ash – How To Use Ashes To Grow Great Tomato Plants
Once your transplant has been planted, lightly tamp the soil on the surface to set it in place. Now it’s time to add a bit more ash as a top dressing before you mulch your plants.
A top dressing of ash on the soil’s surface will allow even more of its nutrients to leach down into the soil every time it rains or you water. The ash on the soil surface will also help to hold that moisture in place longer as well.
To top dress, scatter about 1/2 cup of ashes lightly around the base of each plant. Finish by mulching your tomato plants as you normally would with straw, shredded leaves, or grass clippings. By putting the ash under the mulch, it will stay in place and do its job perfectly.


“I wish I had good news about the current onion market, but I don’t,” says Gerard Hoekman of Mulder Onions in the Netherlands. The situation has several causes, he says. “But the main reason is that there are more onions grown in Europe than we all think. Usually, in the second half of the season, we have to rely on European demand. And then mostly Eastern Europe. But they’re still buying German and Austrian onions. So they won’t come to us. And there are still enough onions available. It appears until the end of May.”
“The question then becomes – is the endless onion farming expansion a good strategy? It seems like a good idea in the first six months of the season. But it’s breaking down the season’s second half more often. That’s a permanent risk.” According to the onion exporter, there’s hardly any trade movement. “It’s going slightly better now. However, it can’t be called good yet. Some traders act tough and ask a little more. But you really can’t get prices to rise at the moment.”
New Zealand onion sales aren’t currently going smoothly yet either. “There are some of these onions, but the volume’s still limited. None of the ships leave on time and, so, don’t arrive on time either. The Suez Canal blockage caused additional delays. There’s no equipment in the southern hemisphere to send more. That’s why the export figures show that fewer onions are coming to Northern Europe. That’s not a problem at the moment because there’s zero demand,” concludes Gerard.


Want to get the most out of your garden hose? Trying out a stainless steel garden hose spray nozzle could be the right decision. Not only is stainless steel resistant to corrosion, but it also has a high tensile strength and low melting point, which makes it a popular material for industrial applications.
In addition, stainless steel is easy to clean, which is a big plus if you’re looking to keep your garden tidy. If you’re curious about the benefits, stainless steel garden hose spray nozzles offer, read on for more information!
According to the National Resources Defense Council, a study by researchers at Yale found that Traditional Hose Watering with a pressure spray nozzle can contribute up to 25% more water than drip irrigation when applied correctly. This is because gravity does not distribute water effectively through a hose as in an irrigation system. The high-pressure spray also helps moisten the soil and reduce evaporation, which can help maximize plant growth.
What is the best quality Stainless Steel garden hose nozzle?
Have a quick look at the best model
- Great Cleanup Nozzle for walkways, patios, gutters and more
- Multiple spray patterns and flow volume are at your fingertips
- Twisting barrel adjusts water from fan to cone spray to powerful stream
- Great Cleanup Nozzle for walkways, patios, gutters and more
- Multiple spray patterns and flow volume are at your fingertips
Garden hoses can be a nuisance, especially when watering plants. Watering can be a breeze with a Stainless Steel Garden Hose Spray Nozzle! This nozzle is designed specifically for watering garden hoses, offering many benefits for the homeowner and the plant.
This nozzle is easy for the homeowner and perfect for people with arthritis or other mobility concerns. It features a soft grip design, making it easy to hold and control. Additionally, the nozzle is adjustable to customize the spray pattern to your needs.
For the plant, this nozzle is beneficial because it helps deliver water directly to the roots. That ensures that the plant receives the water it needs evenly and quickly, which helps prevent waterlogging and root damage. Additionally, the Stainless Steel Garden Hose Spray Nozzle helps keep the hose clean and free of debris, which is essential for avoiding mold and other problems.
- Durable: Stainless steel can last many years without corroding or rusting.
- Easy to use: The spray tip allows for a fine mist or a strong stream.
- No leaks: The stainless steel construction means no leaks, and the hose stays upright.
- Convenient storage: The hose is compact and easy to store, making it ideal for use on the go.
- Economical: Stainless steel is less expensive than other materials, making it cost-effective.
How to Choose The Right Hose Spray Nozzle for Your Needs
Metal or Plastic
There are pros and cons to choosing between metal or plastic nozzles. Metal nozzles are typically more robust and last longer, but they can be more challenging to clean. Plastic nozzles generally are less expensive, but they can become clogged and require more frequent cleaning. It is essential to choose a nozzle appropriate for the type of water you are using it for.
Type of Connection
Three types of connections are available for hose nozzles: straight, angled, and reverse osmosis. Straight connections are the simplest and require no special adapters, but they are less efficient because the water flow is restricted.
Angled connections offer a wider path for water flow, but they can be more challenging because the angle requires constant adjustment. Reverse osmosis connections are the most efficient, but they are also the most expensive. It is essential to choose the connection that is best suited to your needs.
One of the most important factors to consider when purchasing a hose nozzle is the spray pattern you need. There are various types of spray patterns that you can choose from, including stream, pulsing, and cone.
Stream spray is the most common type and is perfect for general spraying. It is ideal for spraying water on plants, removing debris, and cleaning surfaces.
Pulsing spray is similar to stream spray but has a shorter burst time, creating a pulsing effect. This is perfect for spraying water on moving targets, such as cars or insects.
Cone spray is a type of spray that projects water in a cone shape. This is perfect for spraying liquids or mist onto objects or people and is also used for spraying pesticides or cleaning solutions.
This is a crucial part of your garden hose system, as it determines how effectively the water will reach the plants. The type of connector you choose will depend on the type of hose you have and the type of water pressure you are using.
A PVC connector is typically used with a PVC garden hose, while an ABS connector is more commonly used with an ABS garden hose. PVC connectors are more affordable, but ABS connectors are stronger and last longer.
GPT connectors are typically used with a garden hose with a ground pin (NPT), while a GPT connector is used with a garden hose with a green water pin (GPT). GPT connectors are more expensive, but they are also more resistant to leaks.
Flow rate is one of the most important factors when purchasing a hose nozzle. Flow rate determines how much water is dispensed per second, and selecting the appropriate flow rate for the task at hand is necessary. Low-flow nozzles are typically used for sprays and coarse applications, while high-flow nozzles are generally used for acceptable and persistent water streams.
A low-flow nozzle will suffice if you only use your hose nozzle occasionally. However, if you plan on using your hose nozzle frequently, a high-flow nozzle will be more cost-effective in the long run. The flow rate also affects the water used in a single application. A high-flow nozzle will be more efficient if you need to use large volumes of water.
Where to buy these nozzles?
If you are looking for a high-quality, you may consider buying it from a reputable source. You can purchase stainless steel hose nozzles in many places, but some of the best sources include Amazon, Home Depot, and Lowe’s. Read the reviews before buying to get the best nozzle for your needs.
What is the PSI of a stainless steel hose nozzle?
A garden hose nozzle has a PSI (pounds per square inch) rating to measure the pressure that the nozzle can withstand! A stainless steel nozzle typically has a PSI of around 3,000-5,000. It is high enough to provide adequate water pressure for washing your car or lawn but not so high that it will damage your hose or burst your water line.
How can I make my garden hose more powerful?
There are a few ways to make your garden hose more powerful. One way is to upgrade to a higher-flow garden hose nozzle. This practice will allow more water to flow through the hose, resulting in a more substantial stream.
Another way to make your hose more powerful is to buy a water pump. A water pump will help increase water flow through the hose, providing a stronger stream.
Finally, you can buy a garden hose extender. This feature will allow you to extend the reach of your garden hose, resulting in a more forceful stream. All of these options are available at most hardware stores or online retailers. It is essential to choose the one that is the right size for your needs and will fit into your budget.
Are stainless steel hose nozzles suitable?
The quality of a stainless steel hose nozzle will vary depending on the type of application it is being used for. However, some of the most common uses for a stainless steel hose nozzle include spraying water, cleaning, and degreasing.
A stainless steel hose nozzle will resist rust and corrosion when it comes to water spraying. It will also stay flexible even in cold conditions, making it ideal for use in colder climates. When it comes to cleaning and degreasing, a stainless steel hose nozzle will help to remove all types of residue and dirt. It is also easy to clean, so you will not have to worry about messes.
You can clean stainless steel hose nozzles with little hassle, but it is worth it. The best way to clean them is by using a stainless steel hose nozzle cleaning kit. This kit comes with various tools that you can use to clean the nozzle, including a wire brush, plunger, and scrubber.
First, use the wire brush to remove any built-up debris and residue.
Next, use the plunger to clean the nozzle and the scrubber to remove the dirt and residues.
Finally, use the scrubber to polish the nozzle to ensure it looks its best. Make sure to store your stainless steel hose nozzle cleaning kit in a clean and dry place so it is always ready when needed.
Stainless steel hose nozzles are typically used in industrial and commercial settings as they are more durable and resistant to corrosion. There are a few different types of nozzles that you may need, including barbed, straight, and male/female nozzles.
First, you will need to identify the type of nozzle you need. Straight nozzles spray water or other liquids horizontally, and barbed nozzles trap pests or other objects and are typically shorter in length. Male/female nozzles connect two tubing pieces and have a female connector on one end and a male connector on the other.
How can you maintain it?
Keeping this nozzle in top condition is essential to ensure it functions properly. Here are a few tips that can help:
- Make sure the nozzle is always clean. Clean the nozzle using a mild soap and water solution. Do not use strong chemicals or cleaners.
- Prevent rusting by keeping the nozzle dry. Never cover it with water or other liquids.
- Do not use the nozzle if it is not installed correctly or damaged. Contact a professional to install or repair the nozzle.
- Store the nozzle in a cool, dry place.
How long can you use the stainless steel hose nozzle?
The lifespan of a stainless steel hose nozzle varies depending on the type and quality of the nozzle. However, most standard nozzles should last around six months before they need to be replaced. Keep your nozzle clean and free from any debris or chemicals, as this may damage the nozzle and reduce its lifespan.
Do I need a stainless steel garden hose spray nozzle?
Yes, a stainless steel garden hose spray nozzle is essential to avoid any potential health risks associated with using a standard garden hose. A stainless steel spray nozzle will resist corrosion, making it the ideal choice if you have acidic soil or water that contains chemicals.
Can I use a hose with a spray nozzle to water my garden?
No, you don’t need to use a hose with a spray nozzle to water your garden – you can water your garden using a standard garden hose. However, if you want to water your garden using a spray nozzle, you must buy a spray nozzle.
Are stainless steel hose nozzles better than galvanized ones?
Some people prefer stainless steel hose nozzles because they’re more durable, while others say that galvanized spray nozzles provide better water distribution. Ultimately, it’s up to the individual to decide which type of spray nozzle is best for them.
When watering plants, is it necessary to use a stainless steel hose spray nozzle?
Yes, a stainless steel garden hose spray nozzle is necessary when watering plants. Stainless steel is the best material for the spray nozzle due to its durability and resistance to corrosion.
Are stainless steel hose nozzles any better than regular spray nozzles?
Stainless steel is more resistant to wear and tear, and the nozzle is less likely to clog. Additionally, some believe the stainless steel design delivers a more consistent stream of water. Ultimately, it’s up to you to decide which type of nozzle is best for your needs.
Do I need a hose nozzle with a stainless steel finish?
No, a hose nozzle with a stainless steel finish is not necessary. A standard steel or brass nozzle will work just as well.
The great thing about using a stainless steel garden hose nozzle is that it can help you easily clean up all sorts of debris in your garden. Not to mention, the multiple spray pattern ensures that everything gets covered in an instant. The durability and easy-to-hold design make it a perfect choice for everyone! As for our recommended model? It’s the Dramm 12380 adjustable hose nozzle! Give it a try and see for yourself!
I love gardening and hope you enjoy reading my post as much as I enjoy writing it. I focus on plant-based living and believe that you will be healthier and happier by incorporating more plant-based foods into your diet. By providing helpful tips and advice on everything from garden design to growing techniques, I want to help make gardening easier for everyone.


Slow sand filtration is a low-cost water disinfestation method
that can be used as an alternative method of treating nursery
irrigation water to control plant pathogens. It is a method that
has gained popularity for use in treating recirculating nutrient
solutions in greenhouse production yet can be adapted to
large scale water treatment in nurseries.
|August 8, 2016


Setting up a milk collection and processing plant to create added value and enable the farm to diversify its products and respond better to consumers’ needs.
Projects & Practice
Investing in cutting edge production techniques (hydroponics in pots) allowed a farmer to fill a gap in the market increasing the availability of vegetables in winter, with minimal environmental impact.
A young entrepreneur used RDP support to build a state-of-the-art greenhouse for growing cherry tomatoes, using an innovative hydroponic system.
A subsistence farm used RDP support in order to become commercially viable by investing in organic production.
An agricultural cooperative invested in setting up organic apple orchards with anti-hail nets. They also acquired agricultural machinery to support the production of organic beef.


Harrisburg, PA – Three proposed multi-state projects that seek to improve the nation’s specialty crop industry are now a reality through a partnership that includes the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture. The projects, overseen by the department, seek to control and prevent plant diseases and increase market opportunities for specialty crops across the United States.
“Pennsylvania is home to a robust specialty crop sector of our agriculture industry that provides a variety of fresh local products for consumers,” said Agriculture Secretary Russell Redding. “The diversity of these crops strengthens our economy and makes our industry more resilient. Partnerships like these increase opportunities for specialty crop producers across the country.”
The department will partner with:
- The Pennsylvania State University; collaborating with universities in Georgia, Maryland, Wisconsin, South Carolina, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, Ohio, North Carolina, Kentucky, West Virginia, Louisiana, and Florida. The pest and plant health project, awarded $806,739, seeks to develop a regional approach to prevention monitoring and management of downy mildew on plants in the melon, squash, and cucumber family.
- The Pennsylvania State University, University of Maryland and the University of Florida will pursue a pest and plant health project, awarded $770,360, to develop a reliable, customized bio-control for fusarium wilt of the tomato.
- The U.S. Sweet Potato Council, collaborating with sweet potato commissions and councils in Alabama, California, Louisiana, Mississippi and North Carolina, was awarded $293,000 for a project to increase the market for sweet potatoes.
The department also continues to oversee the multistate grant it received in 2016 to combat the Armillaria root rot, a fungus that can kill most species of deciduous and coniferous trees and is particularly devastating to peach and cherry trees. The interdisciplinary project seeks to increase the profitability and sustainability of peach, sweet cherry, and tart cherry operations by limiting crop losses caused by Armillaria root rot. The more than $922,000 grant was awarded jointly to Clemson University, Michigan State University, University of Georgia and the University of Georgia Cooperative Extension.
The research and monitoring programs are funded through the United States Department of Agriculture Specialty Crop Multi-State Program and administered by the state Department of Agriculture. Industry and academic partners select state agriculture departments through which their grants are reviewed and submitted to USDA. Pennsylvania’s is one of six state departments of agriculture whose 11 total projects were selected.
“Our partners trust Pennsylvania to manage these multi-state efforts, and USDA recognizes these projects’ value to the industry,” said Redding. “I’m looking forward to seeing the solutions these teams discover, and how they can benefit our specialty crop producers across the nation.”
For more information on specialty crops from USDA’s Agricultural Marketing Service, visit www.ams.usda.gov. For more information on the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, visit agriculture.pa.gov.
MEDIA CONTACT: Will Nichols - 717.787.5085
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When you are working in the garden, you may have a variety of tasks to accomplish, such as landscaping, composting, weeding, and dealing with prickly cactus or thorns. Additionally, you may cultivate vegetables and plant trees in your garden. All of these gardening tasks can be completed when you wear a good pair of gardening gloves. We rounded up the best gardening gloves because not every pair is appropriate for every task.
We evaluated a variety of items, from upscale personalized ones to winter warmers and inexpensive mittens that cost less than a cup of coffee, to ensure that our garden was properly weeded and the quality was what we wanted.
Selecting Protective Gloves:
There are many different materials used to make gloves. Understanding the level of protection that each style of glove can provide is crucial. Using the incorrect glove might result in harm. Hazards at work are decreased by using the proper glove. The employer must decide how long the gloves may be worn and whether they can be reused. However, if an employee feels that their gloves need to be replaced, they should discard them and use the new one.
Types of gardening tasks:
There are three types of gardening tasks minor tasks, medium-level tasks, and heavy-duty tasks. Light-duty work gloves will keep your hands clean while doing low-intensity tasks and improve your dexterity for things like planting seeds and other simple, everyday chores. Medium-duty gloves will work for planting, pruning, and border work, while heavy-duty gloves will protect your hands for more demanding tasks like landscaping or when you need extra defense against nettles or thorns.
Best gardening gloves for minor tasks:
Light gardening tasks like growing a plant in a container or a hanging basket, removing weeds, sweeping the leaves away, trimming a bush, grabbing a few fruits, etc. These tasks can be done by wearing gloves made up of fabric or cotton. Cotton gloves could absorb harmful chemicals, burning the skin. Lightweight cotton gloves are used in low-risk environments to protect hands from cuts, and abrasions, and occasionally to enhance grip. Cotton safety gloves are a wonderful option if you want to keep your hands clean and warm while working.
Best gardening gloves for heavy tasks:
It will occasionally be necessary to shape and prune shrubs and trees, in addition to removing woody plants like briars. For heavy gardening tasks, there will be a need for heavy equipment like a wheelbarrow, rake, shovel, etc. Gloves made of leather work well for these jobs. The thick, reusable gloves made of natural rubber are one kind of glove. Additionally, certain gloves are available in a latex mix. These gloves often feature a unique texture on the palms for added grip, which makes them perfect for tasks like gardening and heavy-duty cleaning.
You're probably already aware that it's best to avoid reusing disposable gloves. Due to their tight fit, they are made to be single-use, temporary wear only. You can become contaminated if you remove them. Heavy-duty cleaning tasks should not be performed on their fragile, breakable surface. Additionally, using these gloves for cleaning might ruin or wear them out. It is so challenging to clean and reuse them without running into the danger of infection.
The gloves that are best suitable for heavy-gardening tasks are constructed of goatskin leather, which is softer than cowhide and more durable. They are made with special stitching that places the seams outside of the glove and behind the fingers, improving your dexterity while wearing the gloves and making them more comfortable. The gloves are also strengthened in wear-prone regions so they can survive frequent, demanding use.
Best gardening gloves that are resistant to chemical attack:
These gloves are the finest option for dealing with fungicides, fertilizers, or other garden products in the garden since they provide an impenetrable barrier made of synthetic rubber composite nitrile and neoprene.
In my opinion, the best gardening gloves are those which offer comfort. It's crucial that you get them in the right size because they are thicker than other gloves. When you initially put on leather gardening gloves, they should fit snugly. With continued usage, they should form in your hands like a second skin. To ensure a good fit, we advise consulting Glove's size chart.
Maintenance of gloves:
Although leather gloves are reliable and strong, they do need some maintenance. After using a pair of gloves, wipe them down with a gentle cloth or brush. To prevent the leather from cracking, if they are very damp or unclean, wash them with a mild soap in cold water, pat them dry, and add a small amount of leather conditioner or oil. Always keep gloves indoors or in a secure outdoor storage location. No of the material, keeping a pair of gardening gloves outside in the weather will guarantee that they will deteriorate considerably more quickly and fail to adequately protect your hands.
The few most important qualities that should be present in the gardening gloves are:
The finest gardening gloves should be thorn-proof and puncture-resistant because their primary purpose is to protect your hands from wounds and scratches.
One of the main causes of discomfort with gardening gloves is dampness, and some of them soak up moisture like a sponge. Gloves that would prevent our hands from getting wet in muddy soil can only be considered as best.
One of the most crucial characteristics to consider when choosing gloves is whether or not they are comfortable to wear and convenient to use.
Instead of purchasing multiple inexpensive pairs that will be thrown away after a few uses, we would like to get one pair that lasts for a long time.
Read more: Best heavy duty nitrile gloves
We've examined the best gardening gloves in this article which are the most comfortable, reliable, economical, and protective; to secure your hands from harm. At NMsafety, high-quality safety gloves can be purchased at a reasonable price.


A regular accounting of the goings on with our family, garden, animals and travels. Gardening in USDA Zone 8b.
Monday, May 6, 2013
Digging up the Elephant garlic, I found several that had these little bulbs growing from their roots. I had to do a little research, and found out they are called corms. I read that you can plant them and they will grow, but that it could take years for them to become full size garlic. I may try a few for fun...but I'd hate to give up garden space for a multi-year experiment.
See the little nodules growing from some of the roots? Those are corms.


They currently boast an impressive collection of eight garden beds, which play a pivotal role in their admirable endeavor. All the food grown in these beds is donated to their pantry for food giveaways. Their efforts have brought immense joy to their clients, who are typically accustomed to receiving processed foods. The opportunity to enjoy fresh vegetables has been a delightful change for them.
Last year, their garden produced over 700 pounds of produce, a remarkable achievement. But this year, they're on track to surpass that impressive total. Already, they've harvested 500 pounds, and the season has only just begun. The abundance of their garden is a testament to their dedication and the efficiency of their gardening approach.
The quality and benefits of these garden beds have been nothing short of amazing. They've been using an in-ground garden for 30 years, but it often stayed too wet in spring, delaying planting until late May. This year, however, they were able to plant onions, radishes, spinach, beets, and lettuce as early as April 12th. By the first week of May, they were already enjoying fresh salads from their garden.
These beds are not only easy to assemble and set up, but they also enhance the efficiency of gardening. Additionally, their attractive appearance adds to the aesthetic appeal of the space. Their satisfaction with these products is evident, and they're grateful for the significant impact these beds have had on their gardening and charitable efforts.


Crunchy Red has earned a reputation for size and yield along with ease of shipping. As the name indicates, flesh is very firm.
|Disease Reaction||IR: Co:1|
|Variety||Crunchy Red Watermelon (Primed)|
|Interior||Light Red Flesh|
|Rind||Light Green, Medium Stripes|
MM = Million Seed Count
1000M = Million Seed Count
100M = 100 Thousand Seed Count


There are five fields of graduate study within SIPS: (i) Horticulture, (ii) Plant Biology, (iii) Plant Breeding, (iv) Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, and (v) Soil and Crop Sciences.
The SIPS Graduate Resource Page can help you:
- Identify graduate fields and faculty research programs that match your interests
- Decide whether an MS/PhD or MPS program is right for you
Information here focuses on graduate programs in the Field of Soil and Crop Sciences.
The Graduate Field of Soil and Crop Sciences provides programs leading to PhD, MS, and MPS programs in the following concentrations:
Graduate field faculty are from the Section of Soil and Crop Sciences in the School of Integrative Plant Science and from 9 other departments and sections. Students work on projects spanning a range of topics such as advances in management practices for sustainable field crop production, soil biogeochemistry in relation to climate change and environmental concerns, geospatial land processes, and molecular genomic aspects of crop plants and soil microbes. Many faculty members have research programs concerning international agricultural and environmental issues in tropical and subtropical regions. A limited number of students can do most or all of their research overseas.


Bee Week: Honeybee Hive Demonstration
A Hive demonstration with local beekeeper Greg Kalicin
What goes on behind the scenes of the honeybee hive? Greg and Deb Kalicin are the owners of Harmoney Farm in Lisbon, NY. Greg is also the president of the Empire State Honey Producers Association. With real demonstration hives, Greg will go over the fascinating basics of inside the hive and allow participants to have a better understanding of bees. No experience necessary, all are welcome!
We will meet at 3:30pm on the Greenhouse (70 park street) lawn if weather permits. If not, we'll go inside. Baked goods provided. :)
Sponsered by the Greenhouse and the Mellon Fund


Lesco High Wheel Fertilizer Spreader with Manual Deflector $275
A top choice for landscaping and lawn care experts, the Lesco High Wheel Fertilizer Spreader with Manual Deflector Kit has established itself as the industry standard spreader from its ability to adapt to user's needs all year round. Ideally, this Lesco spreader is used during the spring and summer months to spread granular fertilizers and grass seed on lawns and turf in order to promote healthy root growth. But it also finds great use in winter to spread salt and ice melt on sidewalks, driveways, or pathways to reduce slipping incidents from occurring. Its extra-large pneumatic tires provide a smooth ride and increased stability over most terrain, while reducing the chances of rutting considerably.
Stainless Steel Construction
Hopper Capacity: 80 lbs.
With manual deflector kit
Enclosed gearbox with 5:1 gear ratio
Can be used Year Round
Hopper Cover Included
Excellent Condition, One Owner
do NOT contact me with unsolicited services or offers


The Eat-Lancet Commission report published this week has drawn comments from all parts of the food and farming sector, one or two of which may have benefited from a quick read first, before committing to Twitter.
It has much to commend it. Indeed, it is arguably the most comprehensive and ambitious report we’ve seen for some time, addressing the twin challenges of healthy diets and sustainable farming, better for people and planet.
On 20th February, The RSA Food Farming and Countryside Commission will be hosting a debate in partnership with City University’s Food Thinkers Series, to explore what the report means for UK policy and practices. Meanwhile, here are my favourite eight take-aways.
- Eat less meat. Yes, this is the message that most commentators focus on. And it has to be said. But the focus on red meat risks the unintended consequence of promoting more intensively produced pig and poultry. I think It’s simple. Let’s focus on no intensively produced meat. No more ‘Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations’, or ‘factory farms,’ or indoor pigs or poultry. Instead, utilise fewer ruminants, in the right ways to convert pasture to high quality protein, and outdoor reared poultry and pigs (which also thrive in woodlands). Livestock should be part of sustainable circular eco-systems. When animal welfare becomes a central component to consider, yes, there will be much less meat, and it will be valued more. The Commission devotes an Appendix to the concept of ‘livestock on leftovers’. It is clear that, within the context of a global reduction in meat and dairy consumption, livestock extensively reared on grass or food waste inedible to humans will continue to have a role to play in sustainable food systems.
- Shift the world’s food production from quantity and over-supply, to quality and equity. Underpinning all the many issues the report highlights, is the problem of over-production and over-consumption in some countries, and inequity and malnutrition in others. We need to recalibrate food and farming system towards producing smaller quantities of healthier, nutrient-dense food, in harmony with local climates, cultures and ecosystems.
- Eat much more fruit, vegetables, and plant-based foods, and encourage diversity of production in all countries. Cut back dramatically on growing things we don’t need more of – like sugar - and grow more that we do need – such as nuts and pulses - and a much wider range of them, to recover crop and genetic diversity.
- Review the concentration of power in the commodities markets, from the number of businesses who control them, to their control of species grown and the limited genetic pools from which they’re drawn. Regulate those businesses’ power to exert too much influence over the markets in which small and medium sized primary producers operate. The report highlights how, in many parts of the world, small family farms need better support – such as investment and infrastructure for shorter supply chains - to develop and grow a much wider variety of foods, more suited to their climates and conditions, which, in turn, also has beneficial health and ecosystem effects.
- Food prices should fully reflect the true cost of food, from production, processing to consumption. Reduce or remove chemical inputs to recover bio-diversity and reduce pressures on eco-systems. Food prices will increase in some countries. In rich countries, food is – arguably – too cheap, which devalues it. Protect vulnerable citizens through social measures (such as increasing incomes or redistribution through tax systems).
- Focus on waste, from production to post-consumer. If food is valued more, waste is reduced. Develop virtuous circular systems. The Pig Idea in UK seeks to lift the ban on feeding food waste to pigs.
- Develop a strategic, integrating framework for land (and oceans) to protect or regenerate ecosystems and mediate pressures on land use. Countries need to set for themselves, and often with their neighbours, the conditions which help them produce food within planetary boundaries, source their energy needs, mitigate and adapt to climate breakdown and protect and recover biodiversity.
- Governments must intervene more (and act together). From international trade policies, to making it easier to restrict activities of transnational corporations who profit from producing unhealthy food or depleting ecosystems; through to local governments, to use procurement and zoning laws to promote access to healthy food and restrict access to unhealthy food, the report does not shy away from highlighting the big structural, economic and political questions.
In short, this report is very much more than a bid to reduce meat and promote plant-based diets. It’s a serious analysis of the way that complex trans-national food and farming systems operate now - and a rallying call to urgent action, to grow a global consensus for more sustainable systems for people and planet.
Sue Pritchard is Director of the Food, Farming & Countryside Commission
Tickets for the debate at RSA House on 20th February will go live on 6th February on the RSA Events webpage. Dr Sandro Demaio, CEO of EAT, will present the EAT-Lancet Commission findings followed by a panel discussion on the steps that need to be taken to transition to a more sustainable land use and a healthier diet – both core themes of the Food, Farming & Countryside Commission’s work. Tickets are free of charge and available to all.


One of the most incredible things about Hemp is that it is easy to grow, unlike Kratom which is extremely hard to grow due to the seeds being microscopic and fragile, and even if you get Kratom seeds to germinate they would need a greenhouse since they do poorly at room temperature, and one strong cold front could kill a Kratom tree. Fortunately, Hemp literally grows like a weed, it can be grown indoors at room temperature, and it has regular seeds (above photo) that are easy to germinate.
This is the beginning of a series of articles on growing Hemp, starting with this article on germinating the seeds, and regular updates will be posted as the Hemp sprouts and then moves through the phases of its lifecycle, and in several months, if all goes well, there will be articles on harvesting and processing Hemp.
Some people may wet a paper towel and put the seeds inbetween it to stimulate germination, but honestly Hemp doesn’t require any special procedure for germination, it literally just needs soil and water.
In the below photo is my setup, which I got from Home Depot for just $25 total. I have 5 pots, and in each one I will plant an individual seed, and I got Miracle Gro potting soil mix. Also, there is a trough that will collect any excess water from when I water the plants, which is essential for growing indoors without making a mess.
Perhaps regular soil could have been used and it may work. However, I’ve grown all sorts of plants throughout the decades, and Miracle Gro soil makes plants grow way better, and it stimulates germination. I actually would have gotten the Miracle Gro soil that is specifically for rooting new plants, but Home Depot didn’t have it this time, and I figure the potting soil mix is fine. The main point of using Miracle Gro soil is it has all of the nutrients that a plant needs to thrive.
Ultimately I chose to only use 4 pots, so that the plants will have some room once they start growing, and so that all the pots sit level in the trough. I filled each pot with soil up to the line, leaving a few inches of room, just in case I need to add any soil later on, since sometimes plants can start leaning over when they’re new, and this can be remedied by adding soil for support.
I simply stuck my finger in the soil down as far as my nail, making an indent of an inch or less. I then dropped a seed in, and covered it up with soil. After that I lightly poured some water on the part of the pot where I planted the seed.
The key with the initial watering is to make the soil wet around the seed cause that is essential to stimulate germination. Simultaneously however, no need to water all the soil in the pot, just use as much water as it takes to wet the soil around the seed, since too much water can cause fungus growth. The end result can be seen in the below photo.
Today, and henceforth, I will use a spray bottle of water to wet the soil as needed, but once again important not to constantly soak it to prevent fungus growth. Certainly however, during germination it is critical to keep the soil near the seed constantly wet.
Notably, I planted 1 Hemp seed per pot. These pots are relatively big, and if the seeds sprout, the plant will have tons of room to grow. It is wise to only put 1 seed per pot, so you don’t have plants competing in the same pot.
These plants may never need to be transplanted, since I got that blue Miracle Gro crystal fertilizer for once they start getting big and need more nutrients.
Also notably, I put a Heavenly Blue Morning Glory seed in one of the 4 pots as a control for this experiment, since Morning Glory seeds always germinate, so if it germinates and the Hemp seeds do nothing then I’ll know to put in new Hemp seeds or try a different technique. Of course, I’ll wait a week before putting in any new seed, if that is even necessary.
That’s all it takes to germinate Hemp seeds based on my experience, and within the next week I’ll post another article once the seeds start sprouting.


Make soil-enriching compost FREE right in your backyard!
Uses one of nature's finest soil amendments to create rich,...
HEIRLOOM. Bright creamy yellow blossoms with maroon near...
Uses: Beds, Borders, Container
Sun: Full Sun
Spread: 10-12 inches
HEIRLOOM. Dark blue-green leaves, salmon blooms.
Uses: Beds, Container


The need to increase productivity of Haricot beans and improve on the livelihood of farmers led to the introduction of improved Haricot beans with shorter life cycle, high yielding and resistant to pest and diseases. Despite these positive benefits, effective adoption has been slow as farmers remain reluctant to adopt most of these varieties. The survey, thus, focus on evaluating the production, marketing and consumption of released improved Haricot beans by farmers in the Western highlands. It also examines the socio-demographic factors that influence its adoption. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and interview guides that captured information on socio-demographic factors as well as production, marketing and consumption. Results obtained showed that farmers’ experience in the cultivation of improved Haricot beans significantly influence their decision to adopt them. Mex 142 was the most adopted, cultivated and most preferred in terms of yield. In terms of marketing, Mex 142 and Ecapan 021 were the most preferred while TY3396-12 was preferred for taste. Policy makers and plant breeders should therefore lay more emphasis on preferred traits that will enhance production, marketing and consumption as a way to enhance productivity and livelihood of farmers.
Prof. Dr. Bilal BİLGİN


Wenbin Wu, CAAS, China: Both small and large farms to benefit from digital transformation
04 June 2020
Digital innovations are seen as one of the major drivers behind the growth of food economy in the future. At the same time, large-scale farms all over the world tend to have better access to technologies and implement new solutions more actively as compared to smaller farms.
To understand how this problem is addressed in China, we interviewed Wenbin Wu, a Research Professor at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS). Prof. Wu is one of the keynote speakers of the upcoming IAMO Forum 2020 dedicated to the topic of digital transformation of the agri-food value chains in Eurasia. As a specialist in digital agriculture and agricultural land systems, Prof. Wu speaks of the role, benefits and risks of digitalization of the food value chain in China.
New technologies play an important role in Chinese agriculture today. Which stages of food value chain do you think are the most digitized in China, and what are the effects from implementing technologies in these sectors?
Food value chain includes production, processing, transportation, and consumption, and involves many stakeholders. In terms of the current digital transformation of food value chain in China, I think the consumption link at the end of the chain has done the best, followed by the circulation and logistics link. The reason why these two links are ahead is that digital transformation is just needed and brings a lot of benefits. Take the consumption link as an example. With the development of mobile Internet, China's agricultural e-commerce has risen rapidly, providing many public and basic platforms. It is thus easy for farmers to directly sell their agricultural products online, avoiding many intermediate links, reducing the production costs and solving the problem of general complexity of sales of agricultural products.
At the same time, the rapid popularization of mobile payments and convenient express services in China allow consumers to choose better agricultural products according to their personal preferences, to complete the purchase easily through the Internet at favorable price, and to get various agricultural products delivered home. Moreover, in circulation, digital transformation brings many advantages. It can help to better understand the market situation based on big data, regulate the precision of agricultural product distribution, and improve operational efficiency. At the same time, it helps to monitor the quality of agricultural products and reduce the losses of agricultural products along the food chain.
China has been supporting the development of large-scale agriculture over the past years. Would you agree with the statement that digital innovations bring benefits mainly to large farms while the smaller ones experience much less positive effects from them?
Indeed, in recent years, China has been actively promoting moderate-scale operation of agriculture to improve land productivity, labor productivity and input use efficiency. But, overall, smallholder farming is still the dominant mode in China. Due to the obvious benefits of digital technology application, such as efficiency and product quality improvements, reduction of the cost of agricultural production and substitution for declining labor, larger types of farming, i.e. family farms, enterprises and other emerging producers in China are highly motivated to implement digital technology.
At the same time, small-scale individual farmers also get benefits from the application of digital technology including access to market information and use of meteorological services in the production process. However, these benefits are less extensive than those of large-scale farmers while efficiency improvements from data technology application are still at the low level. Due to the small operation area, digital technology does not add much value. Furthermore, for many small farmers, agriculture is not the main source of income for their families, so they have little enthusiasm for using digital technology in farming. These are exactly the challenges that China is now trying to address. We have to understand how to effectively connect small farmers with large markets, how to provide digital solutions that meet the specific needs of small farmers and how to reduce the cost of and remove barriers for use of digital technology. All this is progressing steadily and small farmers will increasingly benefit from digital transformation.
What do you think are the most important conditions for successful digital transformation of the food value chain in China?
Digital transformation is a complex and system-changing process, which goes beyond technological innovation alone. It entails also innovations in policies, institutions, talent development, business models and other aspects that need to be considered to build an ecosystem of digital transformation, so as to enable successful digitalization of the agricultural sector. As far as the current digital transformation of agriculture in China is concerned, it is necessary to strengthen the platforms for support of digital transformation. There are many common technologies, basic platforms and hardware and software provider environments. These infrastructures are the physical basis of digital transformation through applications and services. Furthermore, we have to address an agricultural producer as the weakest link in the digitalized food chain.
On the one hand, technical innovation is needed to provide low-cost and simple solutions to meet the digital needs of smallholders. On the other hand, we need to raise the enthusiasm of smallholders to use digital technology, so that they can benefit from it. Last but not least, we have to effectively combine the efforts of the government, industry, education and research. This is very important as we have to consider how to enable different actors to play their unique roles, especially in order to attract agriculture-related businesses to be the first to promote and participate in the digital transformation of agriculture aiming, among other things, to improve ecology and ensure sustainable development.
Can you name any risks of digitalization of Chinese agricultural sector?
Digital transformation is about establishing of a virtual and digital agricultural industry. How to ensure information security is a key problem here. In addition, in the context of continuous accumulation of data and development of data platforms, there may be a situation that only a few service providers become absolute leaders on the market and this may cause the risk of exclusivity and unfair competition.
Thank you for your time!


Collards seed, Georgia Southern Collard greens.
A cool-season leafy vegetable, Georgia Southern Collard is a member of the cabbage family.
Collards greens tolerate both warm and cold temperatures. A tasty, healthy vegetable that adds character to any meal!
Days to Maturity: 70.
3.5 g. vegetable seed packet, Livingston Seed Co.


Introducing the first of our producers for 2018. Here at Prosecco Springs, we carefully handpick each of the producers that we work with, bringing you the finest Prosecco that the region has to offer.
Producing some of the finest Italian Prosecco in the hills of Treviso for over 30 years, Bottega offers a beautiful range of premium Italian sparkling wines, which are crafted with excellence and presented in distinctive, beautifully designed packaging. The iconic Bottega Gold Prosecco is the ideal choice for aperitifs and parties, or as a prestigious gift for special occasions.
A pleasant and captivating Prosecco, Vigna Belvedere is produced with great passion for vine growing and a respect for nature. These values have led them to carefully follow the whole cycle, step by step, from the vineyard to the bottle, preserving the health of their grapevines to obtain a well balanced production, always favouring quality over quantity.
In 1887, master winemaker Francesco Mionetto opened his winery amidst the rolling hills of Valdobbiadene in the heart of the Prosecco area. Today, Mionetto are shining examples of Prosecco production on the international scene; their founder's love and passion for the region and its wines remain fundamental values for the company.
Frozza have been producing wine since 1870 in the hills of Colbertaldo, where the Glera vines find the ideal elements for its growth. Steep slopes with plentiful sun exposure ensure the vines get the right amount of water; the soft wind that blows through the hills allows the grapes to ripen in a unique microclimate to create the perfect Prosecco Valdobbiadene DOCG.


At Perry Wellness Center, it is always exciting to hear about future plans for the campus and market, along with current trends. Recently, two authorities in their respective fields came together to collaborate on a new strategy for Rudy’s Happy Patch Market.
Plant authority Jamie Minich and creative designer Jeff Williams can provide solutions for almost any problems on the PWC campus. Last week they happened to meet in the east gardens, where they discussed plant identification signage and plant placement at the market.
Jeff explains, “We have found that the parking lot side of Happy Patch is a ‘point of purchase’ area for shoppers. If we have some plant varieties that move more slowly, we move them to this parking lot, and they are quickly gone. I like to share ideas with Jamie. She offers things relative to plant variety that I did not know.”
In the photo above, Jamie Minich and Jeff Williams discuss plans for future plant relocation to increase visibility and sales.


These comprehensive tree care tips will guide you through the process of selecting, planting, and caring for the right tree for your space. It’s important to remember that proper tree care starts when you select a tree. And what you do to your tree in its first few years of life will affect its shape, strength, and even its lifespan. Following these steps will make sure your tree gets a good start for a healthy life.
Proper tree care begins with selecting the right tree and planting it in the right place. Make sure your tree will thrive — especially once fully grown — where you want to plant it. Things to consider include:
The tree’s purpose. Are you planting it for aesthetics, privacy, shade/energy reduction, windbreak, or as a street tree? Your end goal will determine the suitability of different trees.
Planting site limitations. What is your hardiness zone? What is the maximum height and spread for a tree in the space? What are the sun exposure and soil conditions? This information is available for more than 200 trees and woody shrubs in our Tree Guide.
Learn more about planting the Right Tree in the Right Place. You can also find a tree with the Tree Wizard — a free online tool to help you narrow down your choices and select the right tree for the right place.
Short, flowering trees don’t clash with overhead utility lines. Large deciduous trees on the southeast, southwest, and west provide cooling shade in the summer but don’t obstruct the warming winter sunlight. An evergreen windbreak to the north blocks cold winds in winter.
Good tree care starts with a healthy tree. Here’s what to look for to ensure your tree can provide a lifetime of benefits.
Bare-Root Seedlings : Roots should be moist and fibrous.
Deciduous seedlings should have roots about equal to stem length.
Balled and Burlapped Trees: Root ball should be firm to the touch, especially near the trunk.
Root ball should be adequate for the tree’s size.
Container-Grown Trees :Container should not contain large, circling roots.
Pruned roots should be cut cleanly, none wider than a finger.
Soil and roots should be joined tightly.
A strong, well-developed leader (or leaders in a multi-leader tree).
Bright, healthy bark.
Trunk and limbs free of insect or mechanical injury.
Branches well-distributed around trunk, considerably smaller caliper than trunk.
Ideal spacing between branches, at least 8–12″ for most species.
Good trunk taper.
Wide-angle crotches for strength.
Low branches — they are temporary but help develop taper, promote trunk caliper growth, and prevent sun damage.
How To Videos:
Mulch is a newly planted tree’s best friend because it:
Insulates the soil, helping to provide a buffer from heat and cold.
Retains water to help the roots stay moist.
Keeps weeds out to avoid root competition.
Prevents soil compaction.
Reduces lawn mower damage.
Remove any grass within a 3-foot area (up to 10 feet for larger tree).
Pour natural mulch such as wood chips or bark pieces 2 to 4 inches deep within the circle.
Keep the mulch from touching the trunk of the tree.
Tree watering is a key part of tree care, but it is difficult to recommend an exact amount due to the variety of climates. A few guidelines will help you to water your trees properly.
For new trees, water immediately after you plant a tree. Usually 30 seconds with a steady stream of water from a garden hose w/ a diffuser nozzle per tree seedling is sufficient.
During the first couple growing seasons, your newly planted tree is expending a lot of energy trying to get its roots established in the soil. Especially during the first few summers of your new trees life, it will have a difficult time dealing with heat and drought. You can make this easier by providing water and covering the soil with wood-chip mulch. Deep watering can help speed the root establishment. Deep water consists of keeping the soil moist to a depth that includes all the roots.
Not enough water is harmful for the tree, but too much water is bad as well. Over-watering is a common tree care mistake. Please note that moist is different than soggy, and you can judge this by feel. A damp soil that dries for a short period will allow adequate oxygen to permeate the soil.
You can check soil moisture by using a garden trowel and inserting it into the ground to a depth of 2″, and then move the blade of the trowel back and forth to create a small narrow trench. Then use your finger to touch the soil. If it is moist to the touch, then they do not need water.
If your area constantly deals with drought you will want to consider trees listed as drought-tolerant. Some drought-tolerant species include Arizona Cypress, Japanese Zelkova, White Fir, and Kentucky Coffeetree.
On the opposite side of the spectrum if your area deals with a large amount of moisture or wet conditions, here are a few trees that will do better in wet conditions: Baldcypress, Shellbark Hickory, Red Maple, Silver Maple, Paper Birch, River Birch, and Weeping Willow.
Proper pruning technique is important for a healthy tree. Please review our animated Tree Pruning Guide as well as videos on why pruning is necessary, the rules of pruning, and the ABCs of pruning.
This depends to a large extent on why you prune. Light pruning and the removal of dead wood can be done anytime. Otherwise, below are some guidelines for the different seasons.
Pruning during dormancy is the most common practice. It results in a vigorous burst of new growth in the spring and should be used if that is the desired effect. It is usually best to wait until the coldest part of winter has passed.
To direct the growth by slowing the branches you don’t want, or to “dwarf” the development of a tree or branch, pruning should be done soon after seasonal growth is complete. Another reason to prune in the summer is for corrective purposes. Defective limbs can be seen more easily.
For trees that bloom in spring, prune when their flowers fade. Trees and shrubs that flower in mid- to late summer should be pruned in winter or early spring.
Because decay fungi spread their spores profusely in the fall and wounds seem to heal more slowly on fall on cuts, this is a good time to leave your pruning tools in storage. Landscaping Shrubbery Care
Shrubs are an essential and beautiful part of any landscape. Shrubs are small to medium-sized woody plants. These plants are bigger than a flower but small compared to a tree. Most of the shrubs are evergreen, and some shed leaves in the winter season. Consider adding some shrubs to your lawn while designing your lawn. They make a great addition and attraction at places like fountains, walkways, and other hardscapes. Shrubs can also be used as background for the garden beds in your lawn.
Shrubs add beauty, texture, and structure to your lawn. You can choose them based on your interest. Most chosen is the hydrangeas, because of the long-lasting blossoms. If greenery is your choice, then pick a variety from yews, arborvitae, and boxwood.
Shrub maintenance involves a careful choice of the desired shrub and taking care of it after planting to get the best blossoms in the year.
The shrubs that are selected for the plantation should be able to cope up with the soil and climatic conditions. Read all the labels and instructions if any present with the shrub packet. The Fall season is the best time to plant shrubs, as the plant gets more time to grow before the winter season.
Water is essential for the plants or shrubs to thrive. Especially the watering should be done once in a week thoroughly. If you are using a sprinkler, you can adjust the timer for about 10 minutes and see that the lawn is completely soaked in the water or the soil completely absorbs the water in the yard. In the fall season water your shrubs before the first frost.
Newly planted shrubs should not be fed with fertilizer in the fall, but feed if planting n the spring. Mulch the soil with compost to make the soil enriched with micronutrients. For the shrubs that are planted and established, timed release fertilizers can be added according to the need of the plants from spring through July .
To maintain the size and shape of the shrubs, pruning is to be done on a regular basis. Make use of different tools for pruning the plants or shrubs. Late winter to spring is the best time to prune your summer flowering shrubs. For spring flowering shrubs, prune after they bloom.
You need to stake the new plants on the lawn, especially when the shrubs are weak and you have a hard time to keep them straight. The support to the plants should be given until they have developed a strong trunk. The stalk used should be about the height of the tree. Using a heavy wrapped wire the stalk is tied to the branches of the tree. Ensure that the cable is covered with a hose to protect the tree bark from rubbing.
Before planting the shrubs, you need to test the soil and find out if there are any deficiencies present in the land. If there are any shortage of nutrients, you can fill the gap by using the prescribed fertilizer. Use slow-release fertilizers for overcoming the nitrogen deficiency.
Pests are a big problem for the shrubs. If you find any pests on the shrubs or plants, consult a local Lawn Care Professional to suggest the right method to remove the pests from the lawn.
Mulching is the process that helps to retain the moisture and warmth of the soil. In the winter season, the mulch help the shrubs to retain water. Organic mulching materials such as pine bark and pine needles can be used for mulching the shrubs.
Implementing proper gardening and shrub maintenance is always the key to keep the shrubs in your lawn green and healthy. So, pick your favorite shrubs that suit your neighborhood and make sure that the pruning, watering, fertilization and other tasks which are essential for healthy growth of this special plants are done properly.