lyzylyzy/PN huggingface dataset:
For example, ifa physician had a mean score based on only two patients which was greater than the overall mean x, and another physician had the exact same mean score based on 10 patients, the standardized scores would be such that the ten-patient physician would have a more positive standardized score than the two-patient physician; similarly, if these same two physicians had equal mean scores which were less than x, then the ten-patient physician would have a more negative standardized score than the twopatient physician.
The category for cardiovascular disease was expanded to four categories (ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, and other heart disease).
The recipient characteristics (age, gender, body weight, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol level, triglyceride level and viral infection), donor characteristics (age, gender, preexisting coronary artery disease and allograft ischemic time), rejection episodes, medications and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) match were recorded.
The normal ranges of these hemostatic markers in our laboratory from 16 healthy control subjects matched for age and sex with the cardiac patients were: 4.3  0.3 ng/mL for FPA, 0.9  0.1 nmol/liter for F1+2 and 1.5  0.3 ng/mL for TAT.
The ultrasonic images were evaluated for the presence of atherosclerosis by two observers blinded to the clinical data, as follows: 1) normal aorta (no intimal thickening), 2) mild atherosclerosis (<3 mm intimal thickening without intimal irregularities), 3) moderate aortic atherosclerosis (intimal thickening 3 mm, with diffuse irregularities and/or calcification) and 4) servere atherosclerosis (>5 mm intimal thickening and one or more of the following: large protruding or mobile atheromatous debris, ulcerated plaques and/or thrombi).
That is, while not having CHF explicitly listed in the chart, these patients received ICD-9-CM codes and had the cardiac substrate and associated findings to support the presence of CHF.
We defined an IUGR birth as birth weight below the 10th percentile, by sex and gestational week, in the general Czech population.
In the analyses, these categories were examined as dummy variables (medium vs. low, high vs. low) so that a dose-response relationship was not imposed on the initial analyses.
Myocardial infarction was defined as elevation in creatine kinase (CK) greater than 2_ normal, and elevation of MB isoform.
Recurrent ischemia was defined as rest angina or ischemic symptoms _5 min with ST-segment depression, T-wave inversion, or both with no cardiac enzyme elevation.
NUMBER OF CLINICAL RESPONSES The numbers of actions carried out by staff in each medical category were analysed by the X2 test for each intended method of history taking (table I).
Revascularization procedures were performed on 16 patients either by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (n = 13) or coronary graft bypass surgery (n = 3) at a mean time of 12 days after the onset of myocardial infarction.
Diagnoses were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases 8th Revision (ICD 8) and procedures according to the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys Revision 4 Coding (OPCS 4).
Because the definition of unstable angina in the guidelines is based on the accurate distinction of unstable angina from nonischemic chest pain syndromes, we required demonstration of underlying coronary artery disease (gt;70% stenosis), exercise-induced ischemia (gt;1.5 mm ST segment depression or reversible defects on nuclear images or echocardiography) or CK-MB detection above the upper limits of normal (5 ng/dl) but below the threshold for AMI (5 to 10 ng/dl) to be classified as angina.
Between January and June 1990 leftover blood from samples obtained from newly admitted patients for determination of the complete blood count was collected from Monday to Friday each week.
1886 F de Vathaire et al British Journal of Cancer (1999) 79(11/12), 1884-1893 Cancer Research Campaign 1999 each participating centre were included.
Controlled hypertension was defined as office BP lt; 140/90 mm Hg.
Initially, this model is estimated using all observations and it includes indicator variables for treatments with sertraline and paroxetine (with fluoxetine as the reference category) as explanatory variables.
Carotid artery stenosis was graded based on results of the carotid artery ultrasound performed in the longitudinal and cross-sectional axes, as previously described (39,40): 1) insignificant or no disease (luminal narrowing  50%), 2) moderate disease (luminal narrowing > 50% but < 80%), 3) severe disease (luminal narrowing  80% but  99%) and 4) complete occlusion.
Invasive pneumococcal infections: a clinical and microbiological analysis of 53 patients in Taiwan
The objective of the BHDPP, which was part of the WHO European Collaborative Trial (33), was to study the effect of a multifactorial intervention program for prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a population of middle-aged working men (34).
According to a national survey (46), NIDDM prevalence in individuals gt; 65 years old is higher among African Americans and Mexican Americans than in non-Hispanic whites, ranging from 10.9% for non-Hispanic white males 65-74 years old to 29% for Mexican-American females 65-74 years old.
Information was collected on the use of the feedback report, recognition of problem pathogens or excessive use of specific antimicrobial agents, and specific practice changes.
The criteria for selection were initiation of chronic maintenance dialysis for ESRD in 1986 or 1987, Medicare-entitlement for dialysis services, no transplantation as initial renal replacement therapy, and treatment at a dialysis facility that was within one day of travel of the ESRD network office.
The mothers were asked if the health visitor had offered them advice on three specific issues: immunisation, infant feeding, and child care for example, clothing and hygiene.
Telithromycin 800 mg once daily for seven to ten days is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for community-acquired pneumonia
We excluded patients with renal failure (serum creatinine level _176 mmol/l) or hepatic damage, with obvious present or past CAD, stroke (including transient ischemic attacks [TIA]), congestive heart failure or arrhythmia.
To more clearly define expected cost savings in the nuclear imaging patients, a multivariate linear regression model was used to estimate costs including pretest clinical risk as well as cardiac outcomes.
Data validation To validate coding for PAOD surgical procedures, 300 discharge abstract records from the CIHI database with ABS codes and a hospital code indicating Sunnybrook and Women__ College Health Science Centre, a major teaching hospital in Toronto, were randomly selected over the study period.
The data were collected by using a structured questionnaire which included information on: (i) sociodemographic characteristics; (ii) gynaecological and reproductive history; (iii) medical history (including autoimmune and chronic diseases and benign thyroid disease); (iv) family history (including thyroid disease and cancer); (v) habitual diet (frequency of consumption of 13 dietary items into one of the following six categories: never, occasional - few times a year, 1 - 3 times per month, 1 day per week, 2 - 4 days per week, or 5 - 7 days per week); and (vi) clinical and histopathological information (abstracted from the records of the cancer registry and KCCC).
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was considered present if the patient reported shortness of breath on even mild exertion or had been reported to have significant lung disease on the basis of previous examinations of pulmonary function or other tests.
Period 1971-1972, 1973-1974 The World Health Organisation Heart Attack Register criteria 0 were used for the registration of acute myocardial infarction events both in North Karelia and in Kaunas.
Obesity was defined as a BMI higher than 30 kg/m2; overweight was considered as a BMI between 27 and 29.9 kg/m2 23 . Renal insufficiency was defined as a SCr higher than 1.4 mg/dL together with a CCr lower than 70 mL/min/1.73 m2.
Smoking and cardiovascular outcomes in dialysis patients: The United States Renal Data System Wave 2 Study 1 , 2 1 The interpretation and reporting of the data presented here are the responsibility of the authors, and in no way should be seen as an official policy or interpretation of the United States government. 2 See Editorial by Orth and Uehlinger, p. 1580.
The perceived health of patients with varicose veins, as measured by the SF-36, was significantly lower than that of the sample of the general population adjusted for age and a lower proportion of women.
The process of identifying these factors was similar in all multivariable analyses.
Analyses were conducted overall and within strata defined by menopausal status, obesity, and exogenous hormone use.
The total cumulative dose of prednisone was not available in the USRDS.
Symptom intensity (pain, bleeding) was measured using the Mann__hitney U test.
Study population Men and women who were at least 18 years old were eligible for inclusion in the trial if they had ischemic discomfort lasting 30 min or longer within the prior 12 h and exhibited ST-segment elevation _0.1 mV in two or more contiguous limb leads or _0.2 mV in two or more contiguous precordial leads, or new left bundle branch block on a 12-lead ECG obtained in the field.
A matched number of patients identified as HPA-1a positive were randomly selected, consented and recruited as controls, and cord blood platelet counts were determined on their infants at birth.
To address the issue of change in baseline variables over the follow-up period, in selected analyses, we assessed the relationship between risk factors and early (within the first 6 months of onset of dialysis) versus late outcomes (after the first 6 months).
Before 1998, resistance to 184 International Journal of Infectious Diseases / Volume 7, penicillin was identified according to the criteria of the US National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, using penicillin disks.
Definitions Suspected intrapartum or puerperal genital tract infection-oral temperature gt; 38C with no other identifiable source or unusual abdominal pain or late postpartum hemorrhage, all -lt; 50 days postdelivery.
Patients were excluded if they had ECG appearance of multifocal atrial tachycardia at presentation or more than one mechanism for tachycardia.
The simplified cancer registry staging system was used to classify the tumour stage into the categories local (meaning confined to the organ of origin), local extension or nodal or distant metastases, or both, and not known.
A diagnosis of QWMI was accepted when Q-waves with a duration of 0.04 s or more and an amplitude equal to or greater than 25% of the R wave in that lead, as well as a typical pattern of evolutionary changes in the ST segment and T waves, appeared in two or more contiguous leads in serial ECGs with or without a typical clinical history or serum enzyme elevations.
Stress images were compared with the rest images.
The groups were treated with: Cost-effectiveness of paclitaxel plus cisplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer CC Earle and WK Evans Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa and Cancer Care Ontario, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 Summary The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel/cisplatin, compared with standard etoposide/cisplatin in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Procedures were performed by one surgical group (RM, RF, MM) with patients in the lateral decubitus position.
__ossible CES_ was defined if patients had only renal dysfunction referring to a post-catheterization serum creatinine gt;1.3 mg/dl and an increase of creatinine level by gt;50% from the baseline value two weeks after the procedure without skin lesions (11,15)(Table 1).
Epidemiology Inputs The epidemiology inputs included population size, mortality rates, and fracture incidence rates.
Methods Patients and treatment From October 1987 to June 1998, we had performed 92 cases of heart transplantation at the National Taiwan University Hospital.
We used two separate logistic regression models (Statistical Analysis System [SAS] PROC LOGIST) to estimate the probability of 30-day death for each case.
Volume 107, Number 5, May 1999 * Environmental Health Perspectives 360 Articles * Drinking water arsenic in Utah: a cohort mortality study period for most cancers to become manifest and an exposure to drinking water with 50 ppb arsenic or higher will yield a cumulative arsenic exposure of 1,000 ppb-years.
Among patients without cholecystectomy, the risks at 5 or more years of follow-up were significantly elevated for cancers of liver (SIR = 2.0, CI = 1.2-3.1) and gallbladder (SIR = 2.7, CI = 1.5-4.4) and near unity for cancers of extrahepatic bile duct (SIR = 1.1), ampulla of Vater (SIR = 1.0) and pancreas (SIR = 1.1).
We excluded 284 patients because the severity of TR was not reported, resulting in a study sample of 5,223.
The diagnosis of HCM was later based on the echocardiographic finding of a nondilated hypertrophic left ventricle in the absence of diseases known to cause ventricular hypertrophy (1,2).
Reinfarction was defined as recurrent chest pain lasting gt;20 min with either new ST segment elevation, emergency angiographic confirmation of a reoccluded vessel or recurrent elevation of cardiac enzymes.
We defined mild RI as a SCr value of 136 to 265 mol/liter in men and 120 to 265 mol/liter in women.
Materials and Methods Methods for patient selection, preoperative analysis, surgical procedures, and follow-up studies for patients undergoing bilateral LVRS in this clinical program have been described previously.
Individuals with a primary diagnosis of learning disability or dementia, or those aged less than 15 years at time of discharge were excluded.
Secondary recurrent stenosis was defined as a treated segment with a duplex classification of stenosis 60% or greater after additional percutaneous interventions.12 Response in patients with hypertension was defined as follows11: __ured_ hypertension was normotension, that is, diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg and systolic blood pressure less than 140 mm Hg, without medications; __mproved_ hypertension was normotension, that is, diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg and/or systolic blood pressure less than 140 mm Hg, with the same or fewer medications, or diastolic blood pressure 15 mm Hg below baseline with the same or fewer medications; __o effect_ was no change or inability to meet these criteria for cure or improvement of hypertension, and was considered a treatment failure.
Minor stroke was defined as a transient cerebral ischemia; major stroke as a persistent cerebral ischemia.
One case with Marfan syndrome had successful combined heart transplantation and resection of dissecting aortic aneurysm of ascending aorta and aortic arch.
Equipment and procedures in our laboratory conform to standards set by the American Thoracic Society (13).
A patient was considered a smoker if he or she had ever smoked, and we did not try to ascertain which patients were continuing to smoke despite having been advised to stop.
4. CooperRC, StamlerJ, DyerA, Garside D. The decline in mortality from coronary heart disease, USA, 1968-1975.
The pretest probability of coronary disease was defined using the probability of disease from 12 variables (2_4).
TSI includes several hundred cost centers; these cost centers were consolidated into 18 departmentlevel cost centers to analyze the main drivers of costs in patients with renal dysfunction.
Reinfarction was defined as: 1) recurrent chest pain or ischemic symptoms _30 min and recurrent ST-segment elevation, new Q waves or new left bundle-branch block; 2) total creatine kinase (CK) at least twice the upper limit of normal and gt;25% or 200 U/mL over the previous value, with an elevated CK-MB level; or 3) a rise in CK-MB above the upper limit of normal after it had reverted to the normal range.
Clinical outcomes including bleeding complications were assessed to seven days or hospital discharge, whichever occurred first.
These criteria were converted to computer queries that we used to create the list of cases or candidate ADEs, which we call signals (Appendix A).
The diagnosis of acute MI required a history of typical chest pain lasting at least 20 min, a standard 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG) showing ST elevation of 2mm or more in two or more contiguous leads and subsequent evolution of cardiac enzymes.
Methods Population This study included 1,257 subjects (age 25 to 74 years) who were randomly sampled from North Glasgow and had attended the Third Glasgow Monica Risk Factor Survey in 1992.
Methods Study population Patients with one or more syncopal attacks were diagnosed as having unexplained syncope if no cause was found after a standard diagnostic evaluation.
We included a second model that provided insight into estimated costs for annual medical therapy.
Cellulosic (cuprophan, cellulose acetate) and noncellulosic (polysulfone, polymethylmethacrylate, and polyacrylonitrile) membranes were employed in IHD patients.
Optimistic expectations and survival after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
The incremental value of nuclear testing was determined by calculating the change in global chi-square after having added the nuclear variables to the pre-scan information with respect to the detection of silent ischemia (logistic regression model) and with respect to prognosis (Cox model).
Variables chosen for comparison were those included in both databases and were predefined based on previous studies evaluating outcome in AMI patients.
Since 1995, we have used rabbit antithymocyte globulins for induction therapy.
A stroke was defined as any neurologic impairment of motor, sensory or cognitive function that persisted >24 h, or was associated with death within 24 h, and that could not be explained by other neurologic (ie, dementia, head trauma), and/or medical (ie, metabolic abnormalities, drugs) etiologies; and a TIA as neurologic impairment that resolved within 24 h, and was unexplained by other neurologic and/or medical etiologies.
The average response rate to the supplementary questionnaire in all three cohorts wasgt;90%.
Acute MI was defined as two of the following: angina, electrocardiographic changes, or elevated enzyme levels (creatine kinase, creatine kinase-myocardial band isoenzyme).
Strategies are required to ensure effective implementation of guidelines.
The multivariate model of mortality was tested for goodness of fit according to the Hosmer-Lemeshow method.17 P lt; .05 was considered statistically significant in all final analyses.
Myocardial infarction was defined as the presence of at least two of these criteria: prolonged angina gt;30 min; total creatinine kinase elevation gt;2 times the upper limit of normal as confirmed by creatine kinase-MB fraction isoenzyme elevation; electrocardiogram evidence of infarction, defined as ST-segment elevation of at least 0.1 mV (measured 0.2 s after the J-point) in two contiguous leads; or new significant Q-wave of gt;0.04 s duration or having a depth greater than one-fourth of the corresponding R-wave amplitude, or both.
At the time of study entry, other not low risk (1) clinical indicators were similar in patients with and without antecedent angina.
In women, age standardised total mortality was lower in North Karelia (350 (95% CI 312-388)) than in Kaunas (440 (95% CI 413 to 467)).
In addition, virtually all patients presented symptomatically during this period, whereas more recently a significant number of patients have presented via the NHSBSP.
Prophylaxis for hypersensitivity reactions consisted of dexamethasone 8 mg i.v. 1 hour and promethazine 50 mg i.v. plus ranitidine 50 mg i.v. 30 minutes before paclitaxel administration.
All patients were initially treated with oxygen, intravenous nitroglycerin, aspirin and intravenous heparin (given as a 10,000-U bolus).
Transfers to another acute care hospital where the receiving hospital also identified heart failure as the primary reason for admission were identified through linking the study population and the inpatient discharge abstract during 1994_1995 to 1999_2000.
Any model involving time would also face the problem that no time of event is available for electrocardiographically defined myocardial infarction.
Hypertension stage was defined following current guidelines (6) as stage I (SBP of 140 to 159 mm Hg or DBP of 90 to 99 mm Hg); stage II or greater (SBP _160 mm Hg or DBP _100 mm Hg); isolated systolic hypertension, stage I (SBP of 140 to 159 mm Hg and DBP lt;90 mm Hg) and isolated systolic hypertension, stages II to III (SBP _160 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure lt;90 mm Hg).
This study was not designed to test a single hypothesis but rather to explore whether the groups differed in the aspects detailed above.
The remaining 73 patients, who represent our study group, received simultaneous RA revascularization because of uncontrolled hypertension, deteriorating renal function that was associated with either severe (gt;70%) RA stenosis or at least 50% stenosis of the RA supplying a solitary functioning kidney, or both.
Concomitant medications and procedures were left to the discretion of the treating physician.
The data set of candidate predictor variables was much larger for those with prior episodes, because any diagnosis or procedure occurring on a prior episode clearly occurred before the index episode and therefore was admissible as a potential risk predictor.
Peritonitis was diagnosed on white blood cell count openface gt; 100 in the dialysis effluent, with or without a positive culture 20 . An exit site infection was diagnosed as exudate and redness around the exit site with or without positive culture 21 . Statistical analysis Values are expressed as means  standard deviations.
Hence, a total of 8,145 records from the BHDPP study population were eligible for inclusion.
Thus data analysis first addressed the following question: __ere characteristics of patients undergoing mitral valve repair similar to those of patients undergoing replacement?_ Lack of similarity necessitated use of methods specific for nonrandomized comparisons.
During the study period, the hemodialysis prescription had to remain unchanged.
All angioplasty patients had adequate vascular access in the form of femoral venous and arterial cannlas before cardiac arrest.
All patients fulfilling these criteria in Table 1 General characteristics of the cohort of 4400 3-year survivors of a first cancer in childhood First cancer Patients Mean year of first cancer Mean age at Mean Type of the first cancer treatment treatment Females first cancer follow-up (%) (years) (years) Rt, no Ct (%) Ct, no Rt (%) Rt + Ct (%) Ewing s sarcoma 148 1976 36 9 12 9 5 86 Bone sarcoma 143 1977 42 12 12 23 37 29 Soft tissue sarcoma 588 1974 45 6 15 17 21 49 Neuroblastoma 566 1975 50 2 15 16 31 40 Wilm s tumour 816 1973 47 3 16 11 24 62 Central nervous system 722 1972 51 7 16 59 1 25 Bilateral retinoblastoma 82 1978 49 1 12 29 1 67 Unilateral retinoblastoma 59 1977 45 3 13 25 18 39 Hodgkin s disease 374 1975 35 10 13 23 8 68 Non-Hodgkin s lymphoma 456 1977 28 8 12 9 39 51 Others 446 1975 51 7 15 28 25 28 Total 4400 1974 45 6 15 24 20 47 Rt, radiotherapy; Ct, chemotherapy.
The criteria used for the diagnosis of AMI were elevation of creatine kinase MB fraction in conjunction with a clinical presentation and/or electrocardiographic evidence consistent with a diagnosis of AMI.
Swan-Ganz catheter use and mortality of myocardial infarction patients.
Separate multivariate models, adjusted for relevant baseline characteristics listed in Figure 3, were used to assess changes in SF-36 physical and mental summary component scores, and the independent relationship of treatment and AF recurrence with QoL.