lyzylyzy/PN huggingface dataset:
Once the patient had survived the acute episode of dissection without surgical intervention, operation after an initial consultation for a now chronic type B dissection was usually recommended if the aneurysm exceeded 5 cm in maximal diameter or appeared to be expanding rapidly, if the patient reported continuing pain, or both.
Patients who had no evidence of structural heart disease or whose disease was sufficiently mild not to require specific therapy (e.g., aortic stenosis treated by valve replacement) were included.
7 Postoperative pulmonary dysfunction was defined as positive pressure mechanical ventilation for more than 7 days, and hepatic dysfunction was defined as a lactate dehydrogenase level of more than 500 mg/dL and either a total serum bilirubin level of more than 3.0 mg/dL or a serum transaminase level of more than 200 mg/dL.
Time-to-failure curves were compared with log-rank tests for (1) total mortality (death) and (2) first complication or death across the entire follow-up period.
Medications The daily cost of outpatient medications prescribed to manage symptoms during a relapse episode (e.g., amitriptyline, baclofen) was included in the cost estimates derived for each level of management.
Background characteristics of the recipients are included in Table 1. Donor data We recorded donor demographic characteristics, arterial blood gas analysis, x-ray reports, and preremoval bronchoscopic results collected from United Network for Organ Sharing records.
In order to include any hospitalization for preoperative tests and procedures, and to incorporate readmissions associated with surgical complications, all hospital admissions up to 30 days prior to, and 60 days after the admission date for surgery, were included in the length of stay calculations.
Significant CAD was defined as _70% lumen narrowing of a major epicardial artery or its branches.
The principal exclusion criteria were previous MI or coronary revascularization, angina pectoris requiring hospitalization within the previous 12 months and life-threatening noncardiac illness.
The duration of a relapse episode also varies and may last up to several months[6].
Analysis was thereafter focused on patients treated with ACE inhibitors with and without aspirin.
Patients with chronic systemic disease of any kind were also not eligible for the study.
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction as a predictor of the first diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in 840 elderly men and women
We examined articles to see if the authors named a primary outcome variable.
Follow-up All patients were prospectively followed for an average of 2.5  1.5 years for the date and occurrence of cardiac death as a primary end point.
The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was based on a history of prolonged ischemic chest pain, characteristic electrocardiographic changes and  elevation of cardiac enzymes.
An MI was considered present at enrollment if the creatine kinase (CK)-MB level was above normal (and _3% of total CK) for samples at 0 h (baseline) or 8 h after enrollment, or both.
The association between the four categorical measurements of severity of atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta and the continuous variables was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA).
In this regard, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and the risk for NIDDM among Koreans.
We excluded non-CHD-related deaths by subtracting the estimated number of CHD-related deaths from the total number of deaths taken from Canadian life tables.24 Estimation ofrecurrent CHD events We estimated the annual risk of secondary CHD events (sudden death, fatal MI, nonfatal MI and congestive heart failure [CHF]) using recurrence rates from the Framingham study.28 We assumed that patients experiencing primary coronary insufficiency had the same risk of a secondary event as those with primary MI.29 We combined the primary and secondary events in each year after immigration to estimate the prevalence of CHD events necessitating admission to hospital.
These assumptions are that: all patients in Canada have equal access to diagnosis and treatment; only diagnostic tests essential to the diagnosis of breast cancer are included and treatment patterns are representative of current `standard Canadian practice.
For the others the standard anatomical dimensions of the French population corresponding to the same sex and age were used.
A second cTnI concentration of 0.5 m g litre_1 was chosen for reference only because local experience demonstrated that this had the greatest diagnostic efficiency for acute myocardial infarction (84% sensitivity and 95% specificity).
The diagnosis of UA was made when typical chest pain occurred in any of the following presentations: 1) progressive angina (i.e., increase in the number of angina pectoris attacks or progressive decrease in physical exertion in the last month); 2) angina at rest (i.e., ischemic-type chest pain at rest of less than 20-min duration); 3) prolonged angina (i.e., ischemic-type chest pain lasting more than 20 min); and 4) variant angina (i.e., ischemic-type chest pain at rest with ST-segment elevation).
Renal failure was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of at least 2.0mg/dl during the sepsis episode if creatinine was below 1.5mg/dl at baseline, or an absolute increase of 1.0mg/dl or more if baseline creatinine was at least 1.5. Liver failure was defined as present if total bilirubin was 2.0mg/dl or greater, and either the alkaline phosphatase or a transaminase level was greater than twice normal, in the absence of confounding disease.
tp < 0 05 in direction contrary to expected effect of guidelines.
We also included sudden deaths (defined as death within 1 h of onset of symptoms; 12.3% of fatal CHD).
Cellulitis was defined as a localized erythema and swelling associated with either a positive aspirate or biopsy culture for an organism other than coagulasenegative Staphylococcus or a positive blood culture (or two positive blood cultures when the organism was coagulasenegative Staphylococcus) in the absence of a positive local culture.
Relationship of glucose and insulin levels to the risk of myocardial infarction: a case-control study
Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was tested using a score recently developed in our laboratory (Perugia score), which requires positivity of _1 of the following three criteria: SV3+ RaVL gt;2.4 mV (men) or gt;2.0 mV (women), left ventricular strain, a Romhilt-Estes score of _5 points (15,16).
Statistical analysis In order to estimate the expected number of cancers, by sex, 5-year calendar period and 5 years of attained age, we used data from the Danish Cancer Registry (Parkin et al, 1992).
Diagnostic, staging, treatment and survival data were obtained from several Canadian provincial breast cancer registries, including the Northern Alberta Breast Cancer Registry (1971- 1988), the Saskatchewan Cancer Foundation (1985-1992), the British Columbia Cancer Agency (1989-1994), as well as a special staging study by the Manitoba Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation and the Manitoba Medical Services Foundation of all breast cancer cases diagnosed in 1990 (Sloan and Nemecek, 1995).
Statistical analysis Initially, the demographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors were compared among subjects with and without renal insufficiency, using the t test and chi-squared tests where appropriate.
Age was defined as the subjects_ age at the time of medical examination.
Methods: A decision-analytic model was developed to estimate costs and effects (weeks with heartburn symptoms and quality adjusted life years [QALYs]) for each strategy.
Renal dysfunction included patients with creatinine concentration greater than 2.0, patients receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, or patients who had received a kidney transplant.
Recurrent DVT was defined as an extension of thrombus or development of new thrombus in a previously unaffected vein segment detected by ultrasound scan or venography.
Prolongation of the corrected QT interval (_440) in the resting ECG excluded patients from evaluation for the present study.
SOURCES OF DATA Management of pregnancy and outcomeDetailed and complete information about all deliveries in this hospital is recorded on the computerised Oxford Obstetric Data System.
The POHEM model assigned diagnostic work-up, treatment, disease progression and survival characteristics to each individual in these cohorts and tabulated the costs associated with each.
A diagnosis of stroke was made if the patient had a new neurologic deficit lasting more than 24 h, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans were available in the majority of cases.
__ecurrent ischemia_ was defined as clinical symptoms associated with either new electrocardiographic ST segment or T wave changes, hypotension, new murmur, CK-MB elevation or necessity for urgent repeat PTCA or CABG.
Selection of risk factors for septicemia was guided by our review of the literature and clinical knowledge.
Due to the nature of dialysis treatment, neither the nephrologist nor the patient was blind for the assigned treatment.
Chest pain was classified according to the four categories of Diamond (21).
Methods Patient population All patients who had a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at Duke University Medical Center between July 1, 1997, and December 31, 1998, were eligible for this study.
Definite hypertension was defined by systolic BP _160 mm Hg or diastolic BP _95 mm Hg or a clinical history of hypertension requiring an antihypertensive medication.
Management Standardized protocols for the assessment and treatment of breast cancer were used within the unit throughout the study period, although these evolved over time.
Only those referred specifically for evaluation of the presence of coronary disease and who did not have a history of prior myocardial infarction or coronary arteriography were considered.
2 With the patient interview as the source of the information, the rate of each symptom was determined (per 1000 anaesthetics) as well as the proportion of patients who reported the symptom as being severe (visual analogue scale score of 3 or more) or having been treated for that symptom.
The diagnosis of Q-wave MI was determined by ECG criteria of a 2-step Q-wave change as defined by the Minnesota code.
Age-specific rates for women, men, and both were calculated for each interventional procedure by using the Ontario age-stratified and sex-stratified population for the relevant year as the denominator.
The values of BMI were categorised according to the recommendations from WHO (1997) regarding the classification of BMI in adults: Underweight BMIo18.5 Normal range BMI 18.5-24.9 Overweight (without further consideration to defined subgroups) BMI X25.0 Annual BMI change was calculated as the difference between the two BMI measurements divided by observation time in years ((BMI-2 a BMI-1) yearsa1).
The potential relationship between clinical features of HCM and disease-related morbidity during pregnancy was investigated in patients evaluated at the participating centers either shortly before or within five years of their pregnancy.
For a total of 14,697 patients with an established diagnosis of coronary artery disease screened for inclusion in the BIP study, mortality follow-up was available and they constituted the population in the BIP registry.
Patients-3273 patients first registered with carcinoma of the oesophagus during 1985-9, 789 of whom were excluded because of incomplete data, leaving 2484 (7599%) for further analysis.
Wasting was defined according to the 1987 CDC classification system for children (14).
To provide the opportunity to both develop risk scores and test their validity within a single data set, all patients were randomly assigned to either a derivation subset or a validation subset.
Hyperlipidemia was reported by the physician and determined by a serum cholesterol value gt;240 mg/dl (6.2 mmol/l) or current antihyperlipidemic treatment.
However, in the absence of Canadian data, the rates of primary CHD events such as sudden death, fatal MI, coronary insufficiency and angina were calculated from the age and sex distribution of CHD events in the United States, as determined by Hartunian, Smart and Thompson27 with the use of data from the Framingham study.
Finally, patients with catecholaminergic VT (13), defined as occurrence of syncope due to polymorphic VT during exercise, were also not eligible for the present study.
The two surgeons then scored the questionnaire independently; each allocated a score of zero to all response categories considered normal and scores to all other categories in proportion to their perceived contribution to severity.
We randomly selected 236 of the 315 physicians identified.
Seventy-two of these patients were discharged before they could be invited to participate, and 47 were deemed ineligible because of language barriers, use of azathioprine suspension, or care setting (for example, nursing home).
In this study pertussis was defined as cough for 7 days or longer and one or more of the following criteria: (a) positive pertussis culture, (b) isolation of B. pertussis from a family member whose cough began within 28 days of the onset of the episode studied (before or after), (c) significant rise in PT IgG, and (d) significant rise in FHA IgG.
The aspirin component of the trial was terminated on January 25, 1988, principally because of a 44% reduction in the incidence of first myocardial infarction among the aspirin group.
We defined AMI as either an elevation of the creatine kinase-MB fraction level (gt;5%), an elevation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels above normal with reversal of isoenzymes (LDH1gt;LDH2), or the presence of at least two of the following criteria: chest pain during the prior 48 h, a twofold elevation in creatine kinase, and diagnostic electrocardiographic changes (ST-segment elevation or new Q waves).
Articles Fetal Growth and Maternal Exposure to Particulate Matter during Pregnancy Jan Deimek, Sherry G. Selevan,2 Ivan Benes,3 Ivo SolanskY and Radim J. Srim1 1Laboratory of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Regional Institute of Hygiene of Central Bohemia and Institute of Experimental Medicine, Prague, Videniska, Czech Republic; 2National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA; 3District Institute of Hygiene, Teplice, Czech Republic Prior studies reported an association between ambient air concentrations oftotal suspended partides and S02 during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Enrollment evaluations included complete physical examination, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), standard laboratory assessment, and total creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB isoenzymes.
CALCULATED PARAMETERS FEV, and VC were converted to percent predicted according to the methods of Crapo (14).
The original weights from the Pryor model were tested to assess their fit in the current series.
2, 5 Follow-up intervals Many patients underwent more than the 2 follow-up studies considered in the tables.
Patients included in the program had symptomatic (gt;50% diameter) or asymptomatic (gt;80%) carotid recurrent stenosis after previous CEA; symptomatic (gt;50%) or asymptomatic (gt;80%) primary carotid stenosis with a history of radiation to the ipsilateral neck; and symptomatic (gt;50%) or asymptomatic (gt;80%) primary carotid stenosis with one or more medical comorbidity, including coronary artery disease requiring angioplasty or bypass grafting within the 6 months before carotid intervention, history of congestive heart failure (CHF), current ejection fraction less than 30%, steroid-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or measured forced expiratory volume in 1 second less than 30% of predicted.
Definitions HCM In each patient, the diagnosis of HCM was based on the two-dimensional echocardiographic identification of a hypertrophied and nondilated LV (wall thickness _15 mm in adults, or the equivalent, relative to body surface area, in children) (21)in the absence of another cardiac or systemic disease capable of producing a comparable magnitude of LV hypertrophy (19).
The two sets of scores were then averaged and resealed to yield total scores between zero and 100; zero is reserved for patients with no evidence of varicose veins and 100 for patients ticking the most severe response to each question (for example, In the last two weeks my varicose veins caused me pain or ache for more than 10 days; severe ankle swelling; and to wear support stockings every day ).
In event-free patients, those without operation or rupture, the most recent scan was compared with the initial follow-up study if 6 months of uneventful follow-up could be documented.
Subacute and/or acute thrombosis was defined as the angiographic documentation of a complete occlusion (TIMI flow 0 or 1) or the angiographic documentation of a flow-limiting thrombus (TIMI flow 1 or 2).
Major ischemic complications were defined as chest pain with new electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction, repeat PTCA, stent placement for acute abrupt closure and CABG during the same hospital stay.
Since this method is primarily undertaken to assess uniformity of risk among strata, model fitting was also tested by fitting models to a 70% random sample of the study population, and then running the same model for the remaining 30% of the population to test for agreement.
Borderline hypertension was defined by systolic BP _140 but lt;160 mm Hg or diastolic BP _90 but lt;95 mm Hg.
Early stage (Stages I and II) breast cancer represented 87% of all incident cases, with 77% of cases occurring in women 50 years.
Preoperative and perioperative factors examined were weight loss, neoadjuvant therapy, smoking history, timing of smoking cessation relative to the operation, alcohol use (defined as _4 oz/d or its equivalent), hypertension, congestive heart failure, angina, prior myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; defined as a disease requiring chronic bronchodilator use), prior cardiothoracic surgery, prior cardiac surgery, prior thoracotomy, procedure performed, mediastinal lymph node dissection, and intraoperative transfusions (defined as the use of any blood products intraoperatively).
Characteristics of the parents summarized in Table 1 were evaluated for inclusion in the model.
Analysis of nursing notes was stopped when no more new phrases were found__or each subject category this occurred when the nursing notes of around 15 patients had been analyzed.
A new MI was defined as a clinical event, electrocardiogram (ECG) changes and a creatine phosphokinase (CPK) rise to greater than or equal to twice normal levels with positive isoenzymes.
Categorical variables were described using proportions and analyzed using the _2 test.
Data on risk factors, comorbidities, history of cardiac disease and of CHF, as well as data regarding hospitalizations for CHF during the previous 18 months, were recorded.
Clinical and angiographic characteristics of the study groups are listed in Table 1. A history of previous myocardial infarction (MI) had been diagnosed based on typical chest pain lasting for more than 30 min with ST-T segment deviation on a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram and an increase in creatine kinase to at least twice the normal upper limit.
The average age of the patients was 71.0 years for angioplasty patients and 71.4 years for bypass surgery patients.
Patients were defined as having acute renal failure if their baseline creatinine level was less than 2.0 mg/dL and their maximum creatinine level exceeded 2.5 mg/dL.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was defined as the patient requiring an inhaler or steroid treatment, or home oxygen dependency.
The determination of the time elapsed since acute dissection and the determination of whether the false lumen of the dissection was still patent was made by an experienced cardiothoracic surgeon on review of the patient s chart and the CT scans.
The ten remaining communitybased primary care practices enrolled in the study included family practice (4), internal medicine (5) and obstetrics (1).
To compare admission rates with respect to underlying risk of coronary events, participants were categorized according to quartiles of baseline five-year untreated risk of definite CHD death or nonfatal MI.
5 Finalising the questionnaire for clinical use Questions were included in the definitive questionnaire if they satisfied at least two of the following three criteria: all response categories ticked by less than 800/o of patients; a significant coefficient within one of the important factors; and an item-total or relevant item-factor correlation above 0 2. Finally we checked that Cronbach s alpha for the resulting questionnaire exceeded 0 5 the criterion that needs to be satisfied when comparing groups of patients.2 VALIDATING THE QUESTIONNAIRE Criterion validity is the extent to which a new measure is correlated with established measures of the concept under study.
Open and double-blind dalteparin treatment On admission, the patients were initially treated with either subcutaneous dalteparin or APTT-adjusted standard heparin infusion.
Atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta is an independent predictor of long-term neurologic events and mortality
Diagnosis of myocardial infarction was based on a consistent history, ECG changes and cardiac enzyme level elevations.
Hypertensive group stages I and II were merged, and three groups were considered: low BP (lt;74.5 mm Hg), reference group (74.5 to 89 mm Hg), and high BP (_90 mm Hg).
At diagnosis of diabetes, patients were considered to have microalbuminuria if their urine albumin was in the range of 50 to 299 mg/L at their first two measurements.
Non-cardiac morbidity included: renal failure (defined as a twofold rise in creatinine over baseline), cerebral vascular accident, pneumonia, sepsis (defined by positive blood cultures) and anemia requiring blood transfusion.
Clinical diagnosis of BrOb was defined by moderate to severe obstructive ventilatory defects: forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) lt;70% and FEV1/forced vital capacity lt;80% of the predicted value [7,8] along with typical changes on high-resolution computed tomography.
For the current analysis, we excluded men who reported a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (n = 101) and those who reported having diabetes diagnosed before turning 30 (n = 57).
This is logical, since respiratory malignancies and age both increase the probability of death from heart attacks, but both may reduce the likelihood of an SGC.
Questions that did not contribute significantly to any of these important factors were considered for rejection.
Marked left ventricular systolic dysfunction was defined by low contractility (a stress-velocity index gt;2 SD below normal) and depressed fractional shortening (_25%) as measured by echocardiography (15_17).
The potential impact of a small increase in the proportion of hypertensiveswith controlled hypertension will be much larger in a group with a high prevalence of hypertension compared with a group with a low prevalence ofhypertension because a larger proportion of the population will have become exposed to antihypertensive treatment.
Medical records were reviewed by the End Points Committee without knowledge of treatment assignment.
The surgeon recorded objective outcome values, data about previous incontinence surgery, the identity of the surgeon, whether the incontinence procedure was combined with vaginal surgery and data about complications.
COMPARISON WITH THE GENERAL POPULATION A random sample of 900 members of the general population selected from the electoral registers for Aberdeen served as a comparison group.
The date on which patients were first prescribed antidepressant medication during the study period is termed the index prescription date (IPD).
The distribution of patients with normal (>55%), moderately impaired (35% to 55%) and severely impaired (<35%) rest left ventricular function at hospital discharge and at 6 weeks was similar for patients with and without antecedent angina.