lyzylyzy/PN huggingface dataset:
METHODS Assumptions concerning the breast cancer cost analysis A realistic evaluation of the diagnosis and management of a particular disease requires a number of simplifying assumptions.
Plasma proteins were precipitated with acetonitrile in a 96-well format and the supernatant, with internal standards, was analyzed directly by HPLC/MS. The method had a standard curve range of 5_3000 ng/L using 0.1 mL plasma.
Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure _140 mm Hg, diastolic pressure of _90 mm Hg or current use of antihypertensive medication.
Only for five infants and one congestive failure patient were the number of visits insufficient to permit conformance with all criteria.
Patients with so-called accelerated ventricular rhythm, defined as ventricular rate only20% faster than the child's concurrent sinus rhythm, were excluded (12).
Therefore, the mild and moderate categories were combined into a single category.
For each of these analyses, arbitrary cut-off points of 12 weeks and 26 weeks were used to define different delay groups for comparability with other reported studies.
In infants and children under 18 months of age, infection was defined by either culture of HIV-1 from peripheral blood lymphocytes or two or more positive DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or p24 antigen assays, or the presence of illness meeting the CDC criteria for diagnosis of AIDS.
Significant extra-renal atherosclerosis was present in 451 patients (90%) at the time of operation (Table I), and 78 patients (16%) had diabetes mellitus.
Hypertension was defined as a diastolic pressure greater than 90 mm Hg and/or a systolic pressure of more than 160 mm Hg (as measured on admission) and/or current use of antihypertensive drugs.
Diagnosis of MI required symptoms consistent with myocardial ischemia with a CK-MB level _8.0 ng/ml and a relative index _4 ([CK-MB _ 100]/total CK).
A total of 22,071 U.S. male physicians, aged 40 to 84 years in 1982, were enrolled.
For completeness in the mortality analyses (discussed later here), in addition to potential risk factors for survival in the ESRD population, such as age, DM, and serum albumin, other important factors known to impact on mortality in the general population were added, such as cholesterol, smoking status, and the presence of cardiovascular diseases.
Drugs were Second cancers after a first cancer in childhood 1886 Table 3 Treatment characteristics for 2949 children who received chemotherapy, and mean number of moles m-2 by type of drug for 2845 patients for whom chemotherapy reconstruction was possible First cancer Chemotherapy All drugs (n = 2845) Electrophiles Topoisomerase II Inhibitors of Spindle inhibitors agents (n = 2050) inhibitors (n = 2132) nucleotide (n = 2438) synthesis (n = 605) Total Reconstruction Mean Mean % Mean % Mean number % Mean number % Mean number (n) not possible number of number of number of of moles m-2 of moles m-2 of moles m-2 (n) agents moles m-2 moles m-2 Ewing s sarcoma 134 2 4.0 71 91 76 83 1.61 5 9.7 83 0.035 Bone sarcoma 94 5 3.1 113 56 29 59 0.55 57 169.9 30 0.026 Soft tissue sarcoma 414 8 2.7 30 64 46 69 0.49 4 9.7 64 0.032 Neuroblastoma 403 18 2.1 23 67 32 35 1.31 2 72.6 65 0.022 Wilm s tumour 701 17 1.8 4 9 42 81 0.18 1 1.1 64 0.031 Central nervous system 184 9 0.6 4 20 14 3 1.00 5 30.3 22 0.027 Bilateral retinoblastoma 56 11 1.7 17 60 28 36 0.21 2 0.2 54 0.012 Unilateral retinoblastoma 32 3 1.4 16 52 31 30 0.07 2 0.3 46 0.014 Hodgkin s disease 286 15 3.0 26 70 36 21 1.88 2 5.6 72 0.097 Non-Hodgkin s lymphoma 407 5 5.8 156 84 41 80 0.82 79 149.1 86 0.030 Others 238 11 1.9 12 40 24 44 0.50 17 12.0 37 0.033 Total 2949 104 2.4 35 48 38 49 0.64 14 115.9 57 0.036 Second cancers after a first cancer in childhood 1887 British Journal of Cancer (1999) 79(11/12), 1884-1893 Cancer Research Campaign 1999 grouped into five classes according to their known mechanism of action in the cell: electrophil agents, spindle inhibitors, inhibitors of nucleotide synthesis, topoisomerase II inhibitors and other drugs.
Additional information is provided in the event of an access revision, dialysis modality termination, renal transplantation or death.
In the United States there are now more than 300 prehospital coronary care programmes.2 Of the many published studies of outcome after prehospital cardiac arrest, most have concentrated on the relation between resuscitation-related factors (such as availability of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and delay in defibrillation) and survival rather than patient characteristics before the arrest or haemodynamic status after correction of ventricular fibrillation.
Episodes of VT were defined as sustained when lasting gt;30 s, otherwise, they were defined as nonsustained.
BP was measured according to a standard procedure, and hypertension was defined as systolic BP _140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP _90 mm Hg or current use of antihypertensive medication.
The medical history and limited physical examination allowed determination ofASA-PS (Table 2) [9], an established index that correlates well with adverse perioperative outcomes [10].
Sepsis was defined as any septic event leading to death.
Design-Retrospective cohort study of cases of oesophageal carcinoma notified to the Thames Cancer Registry.
conclusion of this run-in period, they were given a history and physical examination and underwent formal pulmonary function testing.
Acute renal failure was defined as a rise in the creatinine level above 1.5 mg/dL in patients with a normal baseline creatinine level or a rise in the creatinine level greater than 50% of the patient s baseline.
Each ECG was classified into one of seven categories using a closed question format (40): 1) normal (no electrocardiographic evidence of ischemia); 2) nonspecific (accepted deviation from the norm with the lowest likelihood of ischemia such as an abnormal T-wave axis in lead III or sinus tachycardia); 3) early repolarization variant (elevated takeoff of the ST segment at the J point of the QRS complex greater than 1 mm relative to the isoelectric line, downward concavity of the ST segment and symmetrically peaked T waves often of large amplitude); 4) abnormal but nondiagnostic of myocardial ischemia (prolonged QRS, corrected QT intervals, bundle branch blocks, left ventricular hypertrophy with strain); 5) ischemia or prior infarction known to be old (ST depression more than 0.1 mV measured 80 ms from the J point, inverted T waves more than 0.3 mV or Q waves at least 30 ms in duration); 6) ischemia or prior infarction not known to be old, or 7) suggestive of AMI (ST elevation greater than 0.1 mV measured 80 ms from the J point in two or more contiguous leads, with or without reciprocal ST depressions).
We identified 8,597 potential subjects with HF during the study window who had no prior outpatient visit with an ICD-9 code diagnosis for HF (Fig.
7 The surgical procedure or procedures were recorded and subsequently converted into the equivalent International Classification of Diseases (clinical modification) procedure code.
Gastrointestinal and liver disease was defined as a documented history of peptic ulcer disease, active viral hepatitis or unexplained persistent hepatic enzyme elevation, biopsy-proven cirrhosis, diverticulitis, or a history of known cholelithiasis without cholecystectomy prior to transplant.
Treatment algorithms for Stages I, II, and III of the disease were derived by age group (lt; 50 or 50 years old), principally from Canadian cancer registry data, supplemented, where necessary, by the results of surveys of Canadian oncologists.
All ECGs in the three studies were read and coded by the same cardiologist (M.K.).
All the patients were considered in the calculation of outcome at hospital discharge, but only those whose status was known at 1 year were included in the calculation of outcome at that time point.
If differences were significant, the periods with the highest and lowest frequency were tested to evaluate differences from the average of all periods combined.
A number of validation sets in diverse community-based samples have tested and extended the use of these models to a more generalizable cohort of patients with symptoms suggestive of coronary disease (including typical, atypical and nonanginal chest pain).
Statistical methods The distributions of categorical variables were compared using Fisher exact test, and the distributions of ordered categorical variables, such as TIMI flow and the year PCI was performed, were compared using the Mantel-Haenszel test for linear trend.
Definition of outcome events Major cardiac complications were defined by the occurrence of any of the following: 1. MI after the first 24 h defined by a CK gt;twice the upper limit of normal and peaking after the first 24 h or the development of new Q waves and CKMB index gt;10%; 2. congestive heart failure defined by documentation of a new S3 or crackles after first 24 h or chest radiographic evidence of pulmonary edema; and 3. death.
After the examination of hospital records by an appropriate events committee, hospital readmissions were classified as being related to worsening CHF, other cardiac causes or noncardiac causes.
All patients had symptoms consistent with chronic mesenteric ischemia, and the duration of the symptoms before revascularization averaged 12 months (range, 1 to 36 months).
Hypotension, defined as a decrease in systolic arterial pressure by gt;20% from baseline or to lt;100 mm__g, 6 was treated with i.v. boluses of ephedrine 9 mg as required.
The associations of gender, age at initiation of renal replacement therapy, and the time period of initiation of RRT with outcome were analyzed in the total cohort as well as the LERIC cohort.
The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded on a PPG Midas polygraph at a paper speed of 25 mm/s and an amplitude gain of 1 mV/cm through a band pass filter setting of 0.5 to 40 Hz.
The changed protocol was for consultants to see all women at their booking visit and then not again until 41 weeks gestation.
ANOVA was used to identify statistically significant differences among the three study groups for variables with a parametric distribution, and Kruskal__allis was used for urinary iodine excretion, which showed a non-parametric distribution.
Because aspirin use modifies the association of total to HDL cholesterol (TC/HDL) ratio with MI risk (the protective effect of aspirin is more pronounced among those with a low TC/HDL ratio) (16), and to avoid three-way interaction, we estimated the joint effect of fibrinogen and TC/HDL ratio only among those who were assigned to placebo.
Relative risks (RRs) of failure to have a complete abortion were calculated by standard methods and the 95% CI using Taylor series approximation.
A considerable number of patients underwent reduction of prolapse of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, including 94 patients who had anterior leaflet resection, chordal plasty, or commissuroplasty.
Urinary tract infection was defined as a urine culture with $50,000 colonies of a single organism with or without symptoms.
Postbronchodilator PEFR was measured 20 min after the second of two doses but before the administration of other inhaled medications.
To match records among the CCP and NRMI 2 comparison populations, an iterative program module was developed to identify 6-key, 5-key and 4-key matches.
Patients were excluded if they did not have sufficient CK-MB or ECG information either at entry or in the immediate postrandomization phase.
An atypical nevus was defined as having a diameter of 5 mm or more, an irregular or blurred edge and irregular pigmentation.
A nondiagnostic test was defined by absence of ECG evidence of ischemia at a heart rate lt;85% of age-predicted maximum.
__ncident_ patient analyses Incident patients were defined as the subgroup of prevalent patients who initiated chronic dialysis between October 2, 1993, and December 31,1993.
Alternative analyses modeling the risk of at least one episode of septicemia were done using logistic regression with an adjustment for days at risk.
Other indicators of socio-economic position, use of oral contraception (ever, never), nulliparity (had children, no children) were entered as binary variables, and smoking (never, ex and current, including those who had stopped in the last six months) and hormone replacement (never, ex, current) were entered as dummy variables.
The evaluation results reported later suggest that six is a reasonable and effective number of data points to include, allowing slope changes (and potential drug resistance) to be detected earlier than without the system.
Agreement between interviews and hospital records was low, symptoms being more commonly reported by interview than in the record (for example, headache was reported for 5.80/.417% of patients compared with 0.30/o--3-0% in hospital records).
Cerebrovascular accident was defined as an acute neurologic vascular event with focal signs for more than 24 h. Follow-up Followup was performed by telephone interview and query of the Social Security Death Index on all patients enrolled regardless of aspirin resistance status between November 2000 and June 2001.
Intermediate and long-term anatomic patency were defined as a restenosis lt; 50% at the site of PTA, which was assessed by angiography or CDS.
Hospital and clinic charts were reviewed for comorbidities (coronary artery disease, stroke, hypertension, smoking, renal insufficiency [creatinine level gt; 1.5 mg/dL], hypercoagulable state, claudication, previous leg bypass graft, previous carotid endarterectomy [CEA], steroid use, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]), size of AAA, time in hospital, type of operation performed, complications of operation, time in intensive care unit (ICU), residence at discharge, residence at last follow-up, and walking status (fully ambulatory, assisted ambulation, or nonambulatory).
Once guideline adherence concepts were identified in the CMS and JCAHO quality measures, a review of HIPAA-mandated coding systems plus LOINC and SNOMED CT was initiated to determine if the identified guideline adherence concepts had corresponding representation (e.g., exact matches) in one of these coding systems.
Postoperative myocardial infarction (MI) was defined by new Q-waves in 2 or more precordial leads on the postoperative 12-lead electrocardiogram.
The criterion for left ventricular dysfunction was wall motion index (WMI) _1.2 corresponding to an ejection fraction (EF) _35%.
This coding procedure has previously been shown to have good interrater reliability 12 , and its content validity is derived from the qualitative research upon which it was based 10 . Treatment decision, noted from the transcripts and confirmed from medical records, was used to divide patients into two groups: surgery (hysterectomy or endometrial ablation) and conservative management or no treatment.
Evaluating a policy of reduced consultant antenatal clinic visits for low risk multiparous women.
Back pain may be due to positioning during surgery, prolonged lack of movement, or poor hospital beds and tingling or numbness may be due to malpositioning of the limbs, poorly positioned intravenous drips, and, rarely, as a sequel to nerve blockade by a local anaesthetic technique.
Subjects without known diabetes who did not have a glucose tolerance test were classified on the basis of their fasting glucose alone.
1: BIrthbplace of 19 Indian children with non-insulndependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
Because all patients not on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors at hospital discharge had undergone previous therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors either during or before hospitalization, the timing and location of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor discontinuation were also recorded.
Methods to achieve a reduction in amputation rates among patients with PVD are available today.
METHODS Patients and dialysis treatment All patients participated in a Dutch long-term, prospective multicenter study on dialysis efficiency and protein intake.
An appropriate decision was defined as a decision to perform a skull x ray examination or not or to admit or not, consistent with recorded indications or lack of recorded indications.
Similar analyses were performed to determine independent predictors of cardiac rehospitalization and recurrent angina.
Because 40% of patients undergoing HD had more that one type of vascular access reported in the first six weeks after the start of dialysis treatment, vascular access was classified according to a hierarchy of perceived highest risk of septicemia (temporary cathetergt; permanent central venous cathetergt; goretex or bovine graftgt; native fistula; Table 4 ).
Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality or MI at 10 days, events related to left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) [ie, composite endpoint of cardiac-related mortality, MI, cardiogenic shock, congestive heart failure (CHF), and life-threatening arrhythmia] at day 36 and at 6 months, refractory ischemia at day 36, and peak creatine kinase with muscle and brain subunits (CK-MB) levels measured to assess the extent of infarction.
Revascularization procedures (as defined as the first of either bypass surgery or angioplasty) were assessed until one year after MI in order to allow for appropriate post-MI risk stratification and waiting times (14,15).
The definition of coronary artery disease (CAD) included a history of treated angina, a clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI), any coronary revascularization procedure, or the presence of _50% stenoses in any of the three major coronary arteries or their larger branches by angiography.