id int64 0 499 | input stringlengths 2.9k 4.9k | gold_index int64 0 12 | options stringclasses 1
value | label stringclasses 12
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|---|---|---|---|---|
100 | Regarding the sentence "Further, 5HHMF increased specific DNA-binding activity of Nrf2, and transient knockdown with Nrf2 siRNA subsequently reversed 5HHMF-induced << NO >> inhibition, which was followed by suppression of [[ HO-1 ]] activity.", what is the relation? downregulator
Regarding the sentence "UGT1A6 exhibit... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
101 | Regarding "RESULTS: << DRF 2655 >> showed concentration-dependent transactivation of [[ PPARalpha ]] and PPARgamma.", can you determine the relation? agonist-activator
Regarding "<< Doxorubicin >> is mainly excreted into the bile via P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and [[ multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 ]] (Mrp2) in h... | 4 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-upregulator |
102 | Regarding the sentence "Using cultured human keratinocytes and diabetic rat model, the current study showed that high-<< glucose >> environment enhanced [[ IL-8 ]] production via epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) -extracelluar signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent mann... | 11 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | antagonist |
103 | The non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist (caffeine), and the selective << adenosine A1 receptor >> antagonist ([[ DPCPX ]]), injected 15 min before the application of pentetrazole and flumazenil, were able to intensify BDZ withdrawal signs in mice.
Please explain the relation. antagonist
We found that reduction... | 5 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | substrate |
104 | While there is considerable indirect evidence to implicate << histamine >> in the pathogenesis of asthma, a critical evaluation of H1-receptor antagonism in this condition has, until recently, proved difficult, as many of the early [[ H1-receptor ]] antagonists possessed additional actions, such as anti-cholinergic, lo... | 4 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-upregulator |
105 | Regarding "To explore the molecular basis for CPT hypersensitivity in Top2β-deficient cells, we found that upon << CPT >> exposure, the RNA polymerase II large subunit (RNAP LS) became progressively depleted, followed by recovery to nearly the original level in wild-type MEFs, whereas [[ RNAP LS ]] remained depleted wi... | 2 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-downregulator |
106 | The 5-HT(1/2/5/7)-receptor antagonist methysergide and the 5-HT(2A/2B/2C)-receptor antagonist LY 53857 enhanced clomipramine-induced hyperglycemia, while the << 5-HT(1A/1B)-receptor >> antagonist [[ (-)-propranolol ]] and the 5-HT(3/4)-receptor antagonist tropisetron did not affect it.
Please explain the relation. anta... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
107 | Consider the text "<< Noradrenaline >> and phenylephrine ([[ alpha(1)-adrenoceptor ]] agonist) each produced a concentration-dependent tonic contraction, their pD(2) values being 6.87+/-0.08 and 6.10+/-0.05, respectively.". Can you identify the relation? agonist
Consider the text "Moreover, LTD4-induced increases in C... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
108 | Regarding the sentence "This observation suggests that << MDMA >>-induced reductions in [[ SERT ]] density do not represent neuroadaptive responses to decreased levels of brain serotonin, but may occur in response to some other stimulus or to the neurotoxic effects of MDMA.", what is the relation? downregulator
Regard... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
109 | In reference to "There was also an increase in c-kit, Trio, Rho-A, Rac-3, EGFR, << Notch-4 >>, Dvl-2, Ezrin, beta catenin and mutant p53 protein expression in the [[ parathion ]]-treated cells.", what is the relation? indirect-upregulator
In reference to "Two beta(2)-agonists, formoterol and << salmeterol >>, are appr... | 10 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | agonist |
110 | The results suggested that both the EtOAc extract and berberine were able to activate << PPARα/β/γ >>, and Rhizoma Coptis contains potential natural agonists of PPARs besides [[ berberine ]].
Query: What is the relation? agonist-activator
RESULTS: << DZN >> induced histophatological damages and elevated the level of c... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
111 | Consider the text "<< Carnitine acetyltransferases >> (CrAT) catalyze the reversible conversion of acetyl-CoA and [[ carnitine ]] to acetylcarnitine and free CoA.". Can you identify the relation? substrate_product-of
Consider the text "In this report, we evaluated the growth-inhibitory effects of sulindac sulfide, a C... | 9 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | downregulator |
112 | Human and rat renin and << angiotensinogen >> genes were downregulated in dTGR and were increased by [[ losartan ]] and cilazapril treatments, whereas no changes in the expression of rat ACE and AT1A receptor genes were observed.
Please explain the relation. indirect-upregulator
Withdrawal from free-choice << ethanol ... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
113 | << Cholesterol >> uptake from [[ lipoproteins ]], intracellular vesicle transport and lipid transfer are also modified by oxysterols.
Question: what is the relation?
Answer: substrate
Lisuride dose dependently decreased body temperature in rats with a potency similar to that of the selective << 5-HT(1A) >> agonist [[ ... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
114 | Consider the text "Activation of AMP-activated Protein Kinase and Phosphorylation of << Glycogen Synthase Kinase3 β >> Mediate [[ Ursolic Acid ]] Induced Apoptosis in HepG2 Liver Cancer Cells.". Can you identify the relation? activator
Consider the text "Reduced synthesis of << nitric oxide >> (NO) contributes to the ... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
115 | In reference to "Likewise, IL-2 steady-state mRNA expression was inhibited by both << PLA2 >> inhibitors in a concentration-dependent fashion with > 90% inhibition at 1 microM BPB and 20 microM [[ AACOCF3 ]].", what is the relation? inhibitor
In reference to "<< Ribonucleotide reductase >> activity was found to be str... | 3 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | activator |
116 | Regarding "Cotreatment with U0126 and YC-1 synergistically increases apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells and recapitulates the effects of << sulindac >> treatment on ERK1/2, JNK, and [[ beta-catenin ]].", can you determine the relation? indirect-downregulator
Regarding "Thus prolonged activation of NMDA receptors in ... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
117 | Consider the text "To confirm this novel mechanism of << bleomycin >>-induced fibrogenesis, we attempted to upregulate [[ Nrf2 ]] and related antioxidant proteins in bleomycin-treated fibroblasts using a putative Nrf2 activator, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, and the results showed that bleomycin-induced fibroblast prol... | 2 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-downregulator |
118 | Regarding the sentence "The beta subunit has been cloned and shown to lower the K(m) of << methionine adenosyltransferase II alpha2 >> (the MAT2A product) for [[ methionine ]] and to render the enzyme more susceptible to S-adenosylmethionine inhibition.", what is the relation? substrate
Regarding the sentence "After e... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
119 | In reference to "The in vivo inhibitory effect of harmaline on CYP2D6-catalyzed << bufotenine >> formation was confirmed by in vitro study using purified [[ CYP2D6 ]].", what is the relation? product-of
In reference to "In general, << rifampicin >> can act on a pattern: rifampicin activates the [[ nuclear pregnane X r... | 3 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | activator |
120 | Question: What is the relation in the sentence "These results indicate transcription of << FDX1 >> is regulated by the NR5A family and [[ cAMP ]] signaling, and participates in steroid hormone production in ovarian granulosa cells."? indirect-upregulator
Question: What is the relation in the sentence "Furthermore, the... | 10 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | agonist |
121 | The obtained results showed that pioglitazone improved the renal function, structural changes, renal malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), << nuclear factor kappa B >> (NF-κB) genes expression in [[ cisplatin ]] injected rats.
what is the relation? indirect-downregulator
Although the treatment wi... | 3 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | activator |
122 | Question: What is the relation in the sentence "8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP-AM potentiation of << insulin >> secretion stimulated by tolbutamide was markedly inhibited by [[ 2-APB ]] (25 μM) and enhanced by the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I (1 μM)."? indirect-downregulator
Question: What is the relation in the sentence ... | 5 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | substrate |
123 | These nonadrenoceptor binding sites may explain certain novel platelet aggregatory properties previously ascribed to << clonidine >> and endogenous clonidine-displacing substance(s), and may serve as markers of [[ imidazoline receptors ]] in humans.
Question: what is the relation?
Answer: upregulator
Also, << vinblast... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
124 | In reference to "In an earlier report, DRD2 E8 A/A genotype was associated with reduced responsiveness to the << dopamine D2 >> agonist [[ apomorphine ]]; however, it is not clear whether both findings share the same biological basis.", what is the relation? agonist
In reference to "<< cAspAT >> activity, as well as t... | 11 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | antagonist |
125 | Consider the text "Overall, although most anthocyanidins had no effects on AhR-CYP1A1 signaling, << pelargonidin >> can bind to and activate the [[ AhR ]] and AhR-dependent gene expression, and pelargonidin and delphinidin inhibit the CYP1A1 catalytic activity.". Can you identify the relation? activator
Consider the t... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
126 | Regarding "<< Indomethacin >> abolished the inhibitory effect of acetazolamide on CA I and [[ CA II ]].", can you determine the relation? activator
Regarding "This stimulation was attenuated by the << Pak >> inhibitor 2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'-dinaphthyldisulfide ([[ IPA3 ]]) or dominant-negative Pak1.", can you determine t... | 5 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | substrate |
127 | << Aldosterone >>-induced [[ ENaC ]] and basal Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase trafficking via protein kinase D1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinaseIIIβ trans Golgi signalling in M1 cortical collecting duct cells.
Question: what is the relation?
Answer: indirect-upregulator
The beta(2)-adrenoceptor (<< beta(2)-AR >>) agonists clenbuterol... | 3 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | activator |
128 | Consider the text "In general, << rifampicin >> can act on a pattern: rifampicin activates the [[ nuclear pregnane X receptor ]] that in turn affects cytochromes P450, glucuronosyltransferases and p-glycoprotein activities.". Can you identify the relation? agonist-activator
Consider the text "G6PC2: A Negative Regulat... | 11 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | antagonist |
129 | Regarding "One of the enzymes responsible for the production of KA, << kynurenine aminotransferase I >> (KATI), also catalyses the reversible transamination of glutamine to [[ oxoglutaramic acid ]] (GTK, EC 2.6.1.15).", can you determine the relation? substrate_product-of
Regarding "Also, << vinblastine >> enhances th... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
130 | Question: What is the relation in the sentence "Association of PGE2 or << acetazolamide >> to NSAIDs reduced NSAID-induced activation of CA I and [[ CA II ]]."? downregulator
Question: What is the relation in the sentence "<< DNA methyltransferase 3a >> expression was increased in all [[ BPA ]] males and BPA 0.5 femal... | 2 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-downregulator |
131 | Given the text "We isolated partial cDNAs that codified for enzymes implicated in the << anthocyanin >> biosynthesis such as [[ l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ]] (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS), and an antioxidant enzyme such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX).", describe the relation. product-of
Given the text "The vascu... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
132 | The positive correlation between vitamin A and << immunoglobulin A >> concentrations might be the result of the [[ vitamin A ]] inductive effect during immunoglobulins A synthesis.
Query: What is the relation? upregulator
The effects of D-1997 in the basilar artery were not modified by incubation with either the 5-HT2... | 4 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-upregulator |
133 | << PTE >> also down-regulated the expression of STAT3 target genes, including the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, leading to the up-regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related proteins (Bax, Bak, cytosolic Cytochrome c, and cleaved Caspase3) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors such as p21 and [[ ... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
134 | Although the treatment with << MSG >> increased IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation ([[ pIRS-1 ]]) by 96 % (MSG, 17.02 ± 0.6; control, 8.7 ± 0.2 a.u.), exercise training also increased it in both groups (control, 13.6 ± 0.1; MSG, 22.2 ± 1.1 a.u.).
Please explain the relation. upregulator
Second, << ICRF-187 >>, a Top2 cata... | 4 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-upregulator |
135 | Given the text "<< Carnitine acetyltransferases >> (CrAT) catalyze the reversible conversion of [[ acetyl-CoA ]] and carnitine to acetylcarnitine and free CoA.", describe the relation. substrate_product-of
Given the text "Addition of << putrescine >> restored the induction of apoptosis as indicated by an increase in t... | 3 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | activator |
136 | Regarding "Taken together, our results suggested that << Rg1 >> protected against Aβ25-35-induced apoptosis at least in part by two complementary GR-dependent ERK phosphorylation pathways: (1) down-regulating [[ HIF-1α ]] initiated protein nitrotyrosination, and (2) inhibiting mitochondrial apoptotic cascades.", can yo... | 11 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | antagonist |
137 | To determine whether 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (<< MDMA >>)-induced reductions in [[ SERT ]] density could be related to such a mechanism, p-chlorophenylalanine or MDMA was administered to rats, and brain serotonin and SERT density were measured.
what is the relation? downregulator
The results suggested that b... | 6 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | upregulator |
138 | Consider the text "<< Amiloride >> is a specific inhibitor of [[ uPA ]] but does not inhibit tPA.". Can you identify the relation? inhibitor
Consider the text "In further studies, the diuretic effects of the CB1 agonist AM4054 were similar in male and female rats, displayed a relatively rapid onset to action, and were... | 2 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-downregulator |
139 | Recent studies have reported that << imatinib mesylate >>, a kinase inhibitor that targets the intracellular tyrosine kinase BCR-[[ ABL ]] and the platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor, is an effective inhibitor of the macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor, c-FMS.
Question: what is the relation... | 4 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-upregulator |
140 | BACKGROUND: << Histamine >> synthesized by histidine decarboxylase ([[ HDC ]]) from L-histidine is a major chemical mediator in the development of nasal allergy which is characterized by nasal hypersensitivity.
what is the relation? product-of
Central << 5-HT3 >> receptor stimulation by [[ m-CPBG ]] increases blood gl... | 2 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-downregulator |
141 | Question: What is the relation in the sentence "We have shown that << COX-2 >> mediates acid-induced [[ PGE2 ]] production."? product-of
Question: What is the relation in the sentence "INTRODUCTION: In this study, we examined the effects of the << alpha-glucosidase >> inhibitors acarbose and voglibose on postprandial ... | 11 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | antagonist |
142 | Regarding "Firstly, in the normal human renal epithelial HK-2 cells, the measurement of the expression of 30 previously reported << NRF2 >> target genes in response to NRF2 inducers (sulforaphane, tert-butylhydroquinone, cinnamic aldehyde, and [[ hydrogen peroxide ]]) showed that the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1C1 is hi... | 2 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-downregulator |
143 | Regarding the sentence "The folding rate for wild-type << RNase A >> is faster in the presence of the inhibitor [[ 2'CMP ]] than in its absence, indicating that the transition-state structure in the rate-determining step is stabilized by 2'CMP.", what is the relation? inhibitor
Regarding the sentence "In membranes fro... | 4 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-upregulator |
144 | One of the enzymes responsible for the production of KA, kynurenine aminotransferase I (KATI), also catalyses the reversible transamination of glutamine to << oxoglutaramic acid >> (GTK, [[ EC 2.6.1.15 ]]).
Please explain the relation. substrate_product-of
Treatment of A549 and H1299 cells with << dioscin >> caused a ... | 0 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | product-of |
145 | In this study, we found that 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3'4'-hexamethoxyflavone (<< 5HHMF >>) from Hizikia fusiforme considerably inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated NO production by suppressing the expression of inducible NO synthase ([[ iNOS ]]) in BV2 microglia.
Query: What is the relation? indirect-downregulator
I... | 9 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | downregulator |
146 | Regarding the sentence "These unexpected and intriguing complexities seem likely to have some as yet undefined role in regulating << SSAT >> activity or stability as a part of [[ polyamine ]] homeostasis.", what is the relation? product-of
Regarding the sentence "Liver << BHMT >> activity was 1.3-fold higher in rats f... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
147 | Regarding "Similarly, pelargonidin induced the expression of << CYP1A1 >> mRNA up to 5-fold in HepG2 and LS174T cells relative to the induction by 5 nM 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin ([[ TCDD ]]), the most potent activator of AhR.", can you determine the relation? upregulator
Regarding "Favorable enzyme profiles (hi... | 6 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | upregulator |
148 | Differences in magnitude of << Na(+) >>-dependent l-alanine uptake through ASCT2 between WKY and SHR PTE cells correlated positively with differences in [[ ASCT2 ]] protein expression, this being more abundant in WKY PTE cells.
Query: What is the relation? upregulator
To determine whether H(2)S itself provoked inflamm... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
149 | Thus, the << TCDD >>-induced reduction in canonical Wnt signaling is associated with a decrease in activators (Rspo2 and [[ Rspo3 ]]) rather than an increase in inhibitors (Dkk1 and Dkk2) of the pathway.
what is the relation? downregulator
An investigation is detailed of the structure activity relationships (SAR) of t... | 0 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | product-of |
150 | Given the text "Pharmacological properties of << lorglumide >> as a member of a new class of [[ cholecystokinin ]] antagonists.", describe the relation. antagonist
Given the text "In conclusion, fenoterol-induced constitutive << beta(2)-adrenoceptor >> activity reduces muscarinic receptor agonist- and histamine-induce... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
151 | << Type 2 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase >> encoded by the HSD11B2 gene converts [[ cortisol ]] to inactive cortisone, and alteration in this enzymatic activity might affect glucose homeostasis by affecting circulating levels or tissue availability of glucocorticoids.
Query: What is the relation? substrate_product-of... | 5 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | substrate |
152 | Purified << PAOh1 >>/SMO oxidizes both spermine (K(m)=1.6 microM) and [[ N(1)-acetylspermine ]] (K(m)=51 microM), but does not oxidize spermidine.
Query: What is the relation? substrate
<< Butein >> also increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression and [[ HO ]] activity.
Query: What is the relation? upregulato... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
153 | Pretreatment of the tissues with combined 5-HT1/<< 5-HT2 >> antagonists, methysergide (1 microM) or methiothepin (0.1 microM), significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of [[ epinastine ]] on the noncholinergic contraction.
Please explain the relation. agonist-inhibitor
The esterified-BM, however, had only partia... | 0 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | product-of |
154 | Consider the text "We evaluated the effect of << anastrozole >>, a more selective [[ aromatase ]] inhibitor, on the hormonal and semen profiles of infertile men with abnormal baseline testosterone-to-estradiol ratios.". Can you identify the relation? inhibitor
Consider the text "In contrast, the << D-1997 >>-induced r... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
155 | Regarding "<< 2-(2-Aminoethyl)-quinoline >> (D-1997): a novel agonist at [[ 5-hydroxytryptamine1-like receptors ]] in the canine basilar artery.", can you determine the relation? agonist
Regarding "The potency of the selective << alpha 1D-adrenoceptor >> antagonist [[ BMY 7378 ]] against noradrenaline (pA2 = 6.16 +/- ... | 3 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | activator |
156 | Methionine synthase reductase (<< MTRR >>) is an enzyme involved in the conversion of [[ Hcy ]] to methionine.
Please explain the relation. substrate
Ten IU/mL urokinase was also incubated with pooled plasma of stroke patients, that was previously oxidized with the singlet oxygen (1O2) donor chloramine T (<< CT >>), t... | 4 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-upregulator |
157 | Regarding "In this study, we examined whether << betaxolol >> and other [[ beta-adrenoceptor ]] antagonists interact directly with neurotoxin binding to sites 1 and 2 of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Na(+) channel) in rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes.", can you determine the relation? antagonist
Regarding "RES... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
158 | Consider the text "Binding of the agonist angiotensin II (AngII) and inverse agonist << losartan >> in wild-type [[ AT1R ]] changed the accessibility of reporter cysteines, and the pattern was consistent with ligand-specific "lid" conformations of ECL2.". Can you identify the relation? agonist-inhibitor
Consider the t... | 4 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-upregulator |
159 | << Type 2 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase >> encoded by the HSD11B2 gene converts cortisol to inactive [[ cortisone ]], and alteration in this enzymatic activity might affect glucose homeostasis by affecting circulating levels or tissue availability of glucocorticoids.
Query: What is the relation? substrate_product-of... | 3 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | activator |
160 | << Thalidomide >> reduced [[ COX-2 ]] expression accompanied by a decrease of bcl-2 protein, TNFalpha, VEGF, GSH and an increased cytochrome c, but had no effect on that of COX-1, in MCF-7 and HL-60.
what is the relation? indirect-downregulator
In addition, << ethanol >> induced degradation of DNA methyltransferases (... | 11 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | antagonist |
161 | Question: What is the relation in the sentence "On the other hand, high doses of okadaic acid (10 ng/mouse, i.c.v.) and << cantharidin >> (1 microg/mouse, i.c.v.), which also block [[ PP1 ]], and calyculin-A (0.1 fg/mouse-1 ng/mouse, i.c.v.), which inhibits equally both PP1 and PP2A, did not modify the morphine-induced... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
162 | << Carnitine acetyltransferases >> (CrAT) catalyze the reversible conversion of acetyl-CoA and [[ carnitine ]] to acetylcarnitine and free CoA.
Question: what is the relation?
Answer: substrate_product-of
Thus, << U50,488H >>-induced internalization and down-regulation of the [[ hkor ]] share initial common mechanisms... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
163 | Question: What is the relation in the sentence "These results suggested that << DMBT >> could inhibit invasion and angiogenesis by downregulation of [[ VEGF ]]and MMP-9, resulting from the inhibition of Akt pathway."? downregulator
Question: What is the relation in the sentence "Consumption of << alcohol >> for 8weeks... | 11 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | antagonist |
164 | Reduced synthesis of nitric oxide (<< NO >>) contributes to the endothelial dysfunction and may be related to limited availability of L-arginine, the common substrate of constitutive nitric-oxide synthase ([[ NOS ]]) and cytosolic arginase I and mitochondrial arginase II.
what is the relation? product-of
<< DXM >> and... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
165 | Moreover, a normal level of expression of PSS1 and/or << PSS2 >> is not required for generating the pool of [[ PtdSer ]] externalized during apoptosis.
Question: what is the relation?
Answer: product-of
4. At a substrate concentration of 20 µM, the most active << HFC >> glucuronidation catalysts were UGT1A10 followed... | 5 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | substrate |
166 | Regarding the sentence "However, Ca(2+) blockers also obviously attenuated << NF-κB >> activation and transnuclear transport induced by [[ TCDD ]].", what is the relation? activator
Regarding the sentence "However, after 12h << CdCl2 >> treatment, cell viability diminished in 50%, accompanied by a drastic decrease of ... | 5 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | substrate |
167 | Consider the text "Pretreatment of the tissues with combined << 5-HT1 >>/5-HT2 antagonists, methysergide (1 microM) or methiothepin (0.1 microM), significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of [[ epinastine ]] on the noncholinergic contraction.". Can you identify the relation? agonist-inhibitor
Consider the text "T... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
168 | Given that M-CSF signalling through << c-FMS >> plays an important role in osteoclast biology, we speculated that blocking such a pathway with [[ imatinib ]] may modulate osteoclast activity.
what is the relation? inhibitor
The influence of << (+/-)-tamsulosin >>, a selective [[ alpha 1A-adrenoceptor ]] antagonist, on... | 5 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | substrate |
169 | In reference to "Different substrates were used as the relative specific substrates for the determination of aminopeptidase enzymatic activity: 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide of L-alanine for aminopeptidase N, 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide of L-leucine for leucine aminopeptidase, << 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide >> of L-glutamic ac... | 2 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-downregulator |
170 | Given the text "In membranes from HEK293 cells transfected with alpha2-receptors, etomidate inhibited binding of the alpha2-antagonist, << [3H]RX821002 >>, with higher potency from alpha2B- and alpha2C-receptors than from [[ alpha2A-receptors ]] (Ki alpha2A 208 microm, alpha2B 26 microm, alpha2C 56 microm).", describe ... | 11 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | antagonist |
171 | Question: What is the relation in the sentence "The latter reaction, catalyzed by << aspartoacylase >> (ASPA), produces [[ acetyl ]] groups plus aspartate and has been proposed to occur in both soluble and membranous subfractions of white matter."? product-of
Question: What is the relation in the sentence "We show tha... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
172 | Given the text "A dose of 25 microg kg(-1) day(-1) of << formoterol >> elicited greater EDL and soleus hypertrophy than salmeterol, but resulted in similar [[ beta-adrenoceptor ]] downregulation.", describe the relation. downregulator
Given the text "In all patients << loperamide >> induced a significant fall in plasm... | 4 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-upregulator |
173 | Given the text "The memory-improving effect of minaprine on cycloheximide-induced amnesia was potentiated by a selective << 5-HT2 >> antagonist, [[ ritanserin ]].", describe the relation. antagonist
Given the text "Upon co-exposure to V(5+) and TCDD, V(5+) significantly potentiated the << TCDD >>-mediated induction of... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
174 | The results showed that IR tyrosine phosphorylation (pIR) was reduced by 42 % in MSG-obese mice (MSG, 6.7 ± 0.2 arbitrary units (a.u.); control, 11.5 ± 0.4 a.u.); on the other hand, exercise training increased << pIR >> by 76 % in [[ MSG ]] mice without affecting control mice (MSG, 11.8 ± 0.3; control, 12.8 ± 0.2 a.u.)... | 4 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-upregulator |
175 | In the local presence into the LC of the << α2-adrenoceptor >> antagonist [[ RS79948 ]] (1 μM), systemic citalopram increased NA in the LC (Emax = 157 ± 25 %) and PFC (Emax = 175 ± 24 %).
Please explain the relation. antagonist
These data suggest that inhibition of << JAK2 >>/STAT3 signaling is a novel mechanism of ac... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
176 | Synthesis and in Vitro Characterisation of << Ifenprodil >>-Based Fluorescein Conjugates as [[ GluN1 ]]/GluN2B N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonists.
Question: what is the relation?
Answer: antagonist
<< Pinosylvin >> inhibited the proliferation of HCT 116 cells by arresting transition of cell cycle from G1 to S p... | 2 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-downregulator |
177 | Consider the text "One of the enzymes responsible for the production of KA, kynurenine aminotransferase I (KATI), also catalyses the reversible transamination of glutamine to << oxoglutaramic acid >> (GTK, [[ EC 2.6.1.15 ]]).". Can you identify the relation? substrate_product-of
Consider the text "Histamine content, H... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
178 | One of the enzymes responsible for the production of KA, kynurenine aminotransferase I (KATI), also catalyses the reversible transamination of glutamine to << oxoglutaramic acid >> ([[ GTK ]], EC 2.6.1.15).
what is the relation? substrate_product-of
Notably, << 17-HDHA >> treatment reduced adipose tissue expression of... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
179 | Consider the text "Crocin (25 and 50mg/kg) or vitamin E improved histopathological damages, decreased MDA and CK-MB, increased GSH content and attenuated the increase of << Bax >>/Bcl2 ratio, activation of caspase 3 and release of cytochrome c to the cytosol induced by [[ DZN ]].". Can you identify the relation? upregu... | 3 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | activator |
180 | Regarding the sentence "<< Doxorubicin >> is mainly excreted into the bile via [[ P-glycoprotein ]] (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) in hepatobiliary route and metabolized via cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A subfamily.", what is the relation? substrate
Regarding the sentence "Type 2 11β-hydroxyster... | 5 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | substrate |
181 | Regarding "Treatment with diclofenac resulted in nuclear condensation (a morphological change due to apoptosis of NSCs) 24hr after the treatment and activated caspase-3 after 6 hr, indicating that << diclofenac >> may cause apoptosis of neuronal cells via activation of the [[ caspase ]] cascade.", can you determine the... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
182 | The selective << beta1AR >> antagonists [[ atenolol ]] and metoprolol blocked isoproterenol-induced enhancement, with apparent K(b) values of 85 +/- 36 and 3.9 +/- 1.7 nM, respectively.
Please explain the relation. antagonist
Transduction with constitutively active forms of GSK-3β could protect against the downregulat... | 4 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-upregulator |
183 | The esterified-BM, however, had only partial transactivation agonistic activity in cells transfected with << rat GR >>, whereas BM and esterified-[[ DEX ]] had full transactivation agonistic activity.
what is the relation? agonist-activator
Synthesis and in Vitro Characterisation of Ifenprodil-Based << Fluorescein >> ... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
184 | In reference to "In fact, we demonstrated a significant stimulation of << Nox4 >> activity by 4 quinone derivatives ([[ AA-861 ]], tBuBHQ, tBuBQ, and duroquinone) observed in 3 different cellular models, HEK293E, T-REx™, and chondrocyte cell lines.", what is the relation? activator
In reference to "Saturated << palmit... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
185 | In addition, by comparing the combined administration of (+/-)pindolol with either WAY100635, GR127935 or isamoltane, we have determined that << (+/-)pindolol >> produces much of its acute potentiation of fluoxetine-induced increases in extracellular 5-HT via its action at the 5-HT(1B/D) receptor in addition to any act... | 0 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | product-of |
186 | Given the text "<< Cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 >>-derived [[ prostanoids ]] can influence several processes that are linked to carcinogenesis.", describe the relation. product-of
Given the text "Subsequently, << pinosylvin >> suppressed the nuclear translocation of β-catenin, one of downstream molecules of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β s... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
187 | Given the text "<< Pinosylvin >> inhibited the proliferation of HCT 116 cells by arresting transition of cell cycle from G1 to S phase along with the downregulation of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin A, cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), CDK4, c-Myc, and retinoblastoma protein (pRb), and the upregulation of [[ p21 ]](WAF1/C... | 5 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | substrate |
188 | Consider the text "Four prenylflavonoids, kurarinone ( 1), a chalcone of 1, << kuraridin >> ( 2), kurarinol ( 3), kushenol H ( 4) and kushenol K ( 5) isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens were investigated for their inhibitory effects on [[ diacylglycerol acyltransferase ]] (DGAT).". Can you identify the relati... | 4 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-upregulator |
189 | Pretreatment of the tissues with combined << 5-HT1 >>/5-HT2 antagonists, methysergide (1 microM) or methiothepin (0.1 microM), significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of [[ epinastine ]] on the noncholinergic contraction.
Please explain the relation. agonist-inhibitor
These results suggest that << epinastine >>... | 2 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-downregulator |
190 | In general, << rifampicin >> can act on a pattern: rifampicin activates the [[ nuclear pregnane X receptor ]] that in turn affects cytochromes P450, glucuronosyltransferases and p-glycoprotein activities.
what is the relation? agonist-activator
<< Type 2 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase >> encoded by the HSD11B2 gene ... | 11 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | antagonist |
191 | Question: What is the relation in the sentence "Upon co-exposure to V(5+) and TCDD, V(5+) significantly potentiated the << TCDD >>-mediated induction of the Cyp1a1, [[ Cyp1a2 ]], and Cyp1b1 mRNA, protein, and catalytic activity levels at 24 h."? indirect-upregulator
Question: What is the relation in the sentence "BACK... | 5 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | substrate |
192 | Given the text "Terbutaline (Bricanyl) and its prodrug << Bambuterol >> (Bambec) are highly potent [[ beta(2)-adrenoceptor ]] agonists often used in asthma patients.", describe the relation. agonist
Given the text "Pharmacologically, << troglitazone >> is a novel inhibitor of [[ ENT1 ]].", describe the relation. inhib... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
193 | Question: What is the relation in the sentence "<< Rofecoxib >> only diminished [[ COX-2 ]] protein expression and MCP-1 gene expression in vascular atheroma."? indirect-downregulator
Question: What is the relation in the sentence "Abstract 1. We investigated the effects of the dose of and the number of times an induc... | 10 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | agonist |
194 | Regarding "CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mRNAs were also increased by << pelargonidin >> in three primary human hepatocytes cultures (approximately 5% of TCDD potency) and the increase in [[ CYP1A1 ]] protein in HepG2 and LS174T cells was comparable to the increase in catalytic activity of CYP1A1 enzyme.", can you determine the re... | 2 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-downregulator |
195 | Regarding "Polyclonal antisera to either b5R or << cyt b5 >> significantly inhibited N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl ([[ NHOH-4-ABP ]]) reduction by 95 and 89%, respectively, and immunoreactive cyt b5 protein content in individual HLM was significantly correlated with individual reduction of both NHOH-4-ABP and N-hydroxy-PhI... | 11 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | antagonist |
196 | Question: What is the relation in the sentence "Prednisolone also inhibited ACTH and << cortisol >> secretion in response to exogenous [[ CRH ]] stimulation, inferring rapid feedback inhibition at the anterior pituitary."? product-of
Question: What is the relation in the sentence "The results suggested that both the <... | 5 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | substrate |
197 | Question: What is the relation in the sentence "First, addition of << apolipoprotein A-I >> (apoA-I), a direct acceptor of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-secreted lipids, increased [[ alpha-tocopherol ]] secretion in a dose-dependent manner."? product-of
Question: What is the relation in the sentence ... | 2 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | indirect-downregulator |
198 | An amphiphile with branched << poly(ethylene glycol) >> architecture also activated the [[ lectin ]] pathway but only through L-ficolin recognition.
Question: what is the relation?
Answer: activator
Moreover, BH(4) treatment of the fructose-fed rats markedly reduced the lipid peroxide content of both aortic and cardia... | 5 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | substrate |
199 | Given the text "Further, 5HHMF increased specific DNA-binding activity of Nrf2, and transient knockdown with Nrf2 siRNA subsequently reversed 5HHMF-induced << NO >> inhibition, which was followed by suppression of [[ HO-1 ]] activity.", describe the relation. downregulator
Given the text "In this study, using reverse ... | 7 | ['product-of', 'substrate_product-of', 'indirect-downregulator', 'activator', 'indirect-upregulator', 'substrate', 'upregulator', 'inhibitor', 'agonist-activator', 'downregulator', 'agonist', 'antagonist', 'agonist-inhibitor'] | inhibitor |
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