Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Legislation in the 109th Congress
Released: 2006-08-14T00:00:00

Introduction

Report Contents

This report summarizes action on more than 240 energy efficiency and renewable energy billsintroduced during the 109th Congress. (1) These bills cover a wide range of policy and issue areas thatinclude appropriations, authorizations, research and development (R&D), grants, loans, financing,regulation (including a renewable portfolio standard), tax credits, funding, goals, plans, impacts, andthe environment/climate change. So far, most of these bills have focused on tax credits andincentives. The bills also cover a range of sectors that include buildings, defense, education, federallands/energy management, farms, American Indians, and international activities. Thus far, the sectorof federal lands/energy management has generated the greatest number of bills. Table 2 groups thebills by topic.

The bills are also categorized by type of renewable resource, type of energy efficiencymeasure, and technology. There is a broad range of efficiency measures and technologies, includingcogeneration (combined heat and power), distributed generation, net metering, equipment andappliance standards, fuel economy standards, and transportation efficiency. The bills are fairlyevenly distributed among these areas. There is also a broad range of renewable energy resources andtechnologies, including alcohol fuels, biofuels, biodiesel, biopower, biomass, geothermal, hydrogen,hydropower, solar, and wind. So far, the areas of fuels and wind energy have generated the greatestnumber of bills.

For each bill listed in this report, a brief description and a summary of action are given,including references to committee hearings and reports. Also, a selected list of hearings on energyefficiency and renewable energy is included.

Action in the First Session

Action Before the Conference Report on H.R.6. In the first session, action focused on omnibus energy policy bill H.R. 6 (Energy Policy Act of 2005, P.L. 109-58 ). The House version of H.R.6 incorporated H.R. 1541 (tax provisions), H.R. 1640 (non-taxprovisions), and the Resources Committee print "Domestic Energy Security Act" (non-taxprovisions). The Senate version of H.R. 6 incorporated the text of S. 10 anda tax title added as an amendment on the Senate floor. The Senate-passed version of H.R.6 included a 10% renewable energy portfolio standard (RPS), a proposal to save 1 millionbarrels of oil per day through various conservation measures, and a proposal to extend the renewableenergy production tax credit (PTC) for three years instead of two. (2)

The enacted version of H.R. 6 ( H.Rept. 109-190 ) contains provisions thatauthorize or reauthorize several energy efficiency and renewable energy programs. It also establishesseveral new commercial and consumer product efficiency standards, sets new goals for energyefficiency and renewable energy in federal facilities and fleets, broadens the Energy Star productsprogram, expands programs for hydrogen fuel cell buses, extends daylight savings time, and sets arenewable fuels standard for increased use of ethanol and biodiesel. Further, it extends the PTC fortwo years, but it does not include an RPS, does not include the Senate provision to conserve oil, anddoes not include the broader range of legislated efficiency standards proposed by the Senate.

Other action in the first session focused on the Transportation Equity Act ( H.R. 3 ). The enacted version of H.R. 3 ( H.Rept. 109-203 ) has some provisions on clean(renewable) fuels, energy conservation, and advanced vehicle technologies. Specific provisionsinclude sections 1113, volumetric excise tax credit for alternative fuels; 1121, high occupancyvehicle (HOV) facilities; 1307, magnetic levitation transportation; 1807, nonmotorizedtransportation pilot program; 1808, additions to congestion mitigation and air quality (CMAQ);1952, congestion relief; 1954, bicycle transportation and pedestrian walkways; 3005, metropolitantransportation planning; 3010, clean fuels grant program; 3016, national research and technologyprograms; 3044, clean fuels grants; 3045, national fuel cell bus technology development program;4149, office of intermodalism; 5301, intelligent transportation systems; 5502, congestion reliefresearch initiative; 6001, transportation planning; 6015, clean school buses; and 9002, study of highspeed rail.

Action on H.R. 6 , H.R. 3 , and appropriation bills is summarizedin Table 1 .

Action After the Conference Report on H.R.6. After action on H.R. 6 was completed, continued highprices for oil and natural gas, combined with the huge impacts of hurricanes Katrina and Rita onmajor oil and natural gas infrastructure in the Gulf Coast region, prompted the introduction of about40 additional bills that contained provisions involving energy efficiency or renewable energy. Thegreatest number of these bills related to transportation fuel savings, alternative/renewable fuels, andinvestment tax incentives. A smaller number of bills involved provisions for R&D, buildings,federal lands/energy management, equipment, and fuel economy.

The Conference Report on H.R. 6 was issued on July 27, 2005. Bills introducedafter the conference report are shown in Table 2 in italics.

Action in the Second Session

In February 2006, the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 ( P.L. 109-171 , S. 1932 )was enacted. Section 1301 amends section 9006(f) of the Farm Security Act of 2002 to set a limitof $3 million in FY2007 funding for the USDA Commodity Credit Corporation to carry outrenewable energy and energy efficiency projects. Section 1402 terminates FY2007 fundingauthorization for the USDA Value-Added Producer Program (created by section 6401 of the FarmSecurity Act of 2002) to provide grants to renewable energy and energy efficiency projects.

In March 2006, the Senate passed (51-49) its version of the FY2007 Budget Resolution witha modified version of S.Amdt. 3136 . The amendment allows deficit-neutral changesin budget allocations to increase support for alternative fuels and vehicles, promote renewableenergy, and reward energy conservation and efficiency. The House version ( H.Con.Res. 376 ) was passed on May 18.

In April 2006, stimulated by rising gasoline prices, dozens of new energy efficiency andrenewable energy bills were introduced. Perhaps the greatest number of these bills proposedextensions and expansions of tax incentives and the renewable fuels standard for ethanol, biodiesel,and other alternative fuels. Further, a sizable number of bills addressed federal fleet fuel use, grantsto support alternative fuel pumping equipment at gasoline stations, and the import tariff on ethanol. Also, a fair number of bills proposed to extend and/or expand tax incentives for solar equipment, fuelcells, and building energy efficiency measures.

In May 2006, the House passed three appropriations bills (interior/environment, agriculture,energy & water) with funding for energy efficiency and/or renewable energy, as shown in Table 1 .

In June 2006, about 25 bills were introduced with provisions for energy efficiency and/orrenewable energy. Included in this action, the House passed three additional appropriations bills(foreign operations, transportation, defense) with funding for energy efficiency and/or renewableenergy, as noted in Table 1 . Additionally, the House Energy and Commerce Committee held ahearing on a draft bill focused on boutique fuels. Other new bills were focused on alternative fuels,federal agencies, R&D, and grants.

In July 2006, about 30 bills were introduced with provisions for energy efficiency and/orrenewable energy. From late June throughout July, the Senate Appropriations Committee reportedseveral appropriations bills (defense, transportation, foreign operations, energy & water,interior/environment, legislative branch, and agriculture) with provisions for energy efficiency andrenewable energy. Among other bills, the most active areas were tax incentives for alternative fuels,buildings, and solar energy. There were also several bills on public transit, federal agencies, loanprograms, the renewable energy portfolio standard, and fuel economy.

Table 1. Action on Energy Efficiency and Renewable EnergyLegislation, 109th Congress

Table 2. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Bills by Topic, 109th Congress (Bills introduced after the H.R. 6 Conference Report [July 27, 2005] are shown in italics.)

Legislation

Public Laws

P.L. 109-54 ( H.R. 2361 )

Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill, 2006. The conference bill includes $112.5 million for EPA's Climate Protection (energy efficiency)Program -- $93.5 million under the Office of Environmental Programs and Management (EPM) and$19.0 million under the Office of Science and Technology (S&T). Conference reported ( H.Rept.109-188 ) July 26, 2005. Signed into law August 2.

P.L. 109-58 ( H.R. 6 )

Energy Policy Act of 2005. Section 102 sets a goal for 20% energy reduction in federalfacilities by 2015. Section 104 requires federal agency purchases of EPA Energy Star and FederalEnergy Management Program (FEMP)-designated products. Section 105 permanently extendsEnergy Savings Performance Contracts (ESPCs) and sets a $500 million cap. Section 124 authorizesfunding to states for rebates to support the cost premium for residential purchases of Energy Starproducts. Section 133 establishes energy efficiency standards for a variety of consumer products andcommercial equipment. Title I also sets out several energy efficiency provisions for public housing. Title VII has provisions for hybrid, fuel cell, and electric vehicles; and it revises and extends someaspects of fuel economy standards. Title IX reauthorizes DOE energy efficiency R&D programs. Section 1253 would, under certain conditions, terminate PURPA (Public Utility Regulatory PoliciesAct) cogeneration requirements. Sections 1312 and 1317 create $397 million in tax credits forenergy efficiency. For renewables, Section 202 reauthorizes the Renewable Energy ProductionIncentive (REPI), Title II (Subtitle C) authorizes increased hydropower at existing dams, Section 203sets renewables goal for federal facilities, and Sections 124 and 206 establish residential rebateprograms. Also, Section 1311 provides $18 million in residential investment tax credits over threeyears for solar hot water, photovoltaics, and fuel cell equipment.

P.L. 109-59 ( H.R. 3 )

Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU). Section 1208 onHigh-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lanes includes provisions for alternative-fueled vehicles andenergy-efficient vehicles. Section 3009 on Clean Fuels Formula Grant Program includes provisionsfor biodiesel, alcohol fuels, and fuel cells. Section 5213 on Metropolitan Planning directs that goalsinclude energy conservation. Other provisions in the bill address traffic congestion (Â§1952),intelligent transportation systems (Title V, Subtitle C; Â§6010), bicycling and pedestrian issues(Â§1405, Â§1807, Â§1954, Â§2006, and others), and advanced vehicle technologies (Â§2003, Â§5513).

P.L. 109-97 ( H.R. 2744 )

Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related AgenciesAppropriations Act, 2006. Includes $23 million in funding for USDA's renewable energy grant andloan program.

P.L. 109-102 ( H.R. 3057 )

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2006. Under Environment Programs, Section 585(a) appropriates "not less than" $180 million to supportclean energy and other climate change policies and programs in developing countries, of which $100million "should be made available to directly promote and deploy energy conservation, energyefficiency, and renewable and clean energy technologies." Also, Section 585(b) requires that thePresident submit, within 60 days after the FY2007 budget request, a report to Congress identifyingall federal FY2006 expenditures, domestic and international, related to climate change. Further, forthe U.S. Agency for International Development, the report must describe FY2005 spending, as wellas FY2006 estimated and FY2007 requested funds, for "clean energy and energy efficiencytechnologies" and for other measures related to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, by program andcountry.

P.L. 109-103 ( H.R. 2419 )

Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2006. Title III includes $1,185.7million in funding for DOE's energy efficiency and renewable energy programs.

P.L. 109-108 ( H.R. 2862 )

Science, State, Justice, Commerce, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006. Section617 directs the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State; the Securities and ExchangeCommission; and the Small Business Administration to certify that telecommuting opportunitieshave increased during the previous year. Section 619 directs the National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration (NASA) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) to certify that telecommutingopportunities are available to 100% of the eligible workforce. Without the above-noted certification,the agencies risk forfeiting $5 million at the end of the fiscal year.

P.L. 109-148 ( H.R. 2863 )

Department of Defense Appropriations Bill, 2006. Title II, regarding Operation andMaintenance, includes $5 million for a wind power demonstration project on an Air Force base.

P.L. 109-171 ( S. 1932 )

Deficit Reduction Act of 2005. Section 1301 amends section 9006(f) of the Farm SecurityAct of 2002 to set a limit of $3 million in FY2007 funding for the USDA Commodity CreditCorporation to carry out renewable energy and energy efficiency projects. Section 1402 terminatesFY2007 funding authorization for the USDA Value-Added Producer Program (created by section6401 of the Farm Security Act of 2002) to provide grants to renewable energy and energy efficiencyprojects. Conference reported ( H.Rept. 109-362 ) December 19, 2005. Signed into law February8, 2006.

P.L. 109-241 ( H.R. 889 )

Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Act of 2005. Section 414 directs the Commandantof the Coast Guard, when prompted by the Secretary of the Army, to state whether an offshore windenergy facility constitutes an obstruction to navigation. Conference reported ( H.Rept. 109-413 )April 6, 2006. Signed into law July 12, 2006.

House Bills (with Senate Companions)

H.Con.Res. 369 (Musgrave)

"25 by '25" Initiative. Resolution expressing the support of Congress for an initiative whichenvisions that farm, forestry, and ranch lands will provide by 2025 at least 25% of national energydemand, including promotion of renewable energy (solar, wind, biomass) by the forestry andagricultural communities. Introduced March 29, 2006; referred to Committees on Agriculture, Energy and Commerce, and Resources.

H.Con.Res. 424 (Goodlatte)/ S.Con.Res 97 (Grassley)

"25 by '25" Initiative. Resolution expressing the support of Congress for an initiative whichenvisions that farm, forestry, and ranch lands will provide by 2025 at least 25% of national energydemand, including promotion of renewable energy (solar, wind, biomass) by the forestry andagricultural communities. House bill introduced June 7, 2006; referred to Committees onAgriculture, Energy and Commerce, and Resources. Senate bill introduced June 7, 2006, referredto Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.

H.Res. 507 (Bartlett)

A resolution expressing the sense of the House that the United States, in collaboration withother international allies, should establish an energy project with the magnitude, creativity, and senseof urgency that was incorporated in the "Man on the Moon" project to address the inevitablechallenges of "Peak Oil." Introduced on October 24, 2005 and referred to Committee on Energy andCommerce. The Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality held a hearing on December 7.

H.Res. 843 (Drake)

A resolution expressing the sense of the House that the United States should seek to achievecomplete energy independence by 2015. Introduced May 25, 2005; referred to Committee onEnergy and Commerce.

H.Res. 879 (Cleaver)

A resolution expressing the sense of the House that Members should use alternative fuelvehicles in their professional and personal lives. Introduced June 20, 2005; referred to Committeeon Energy and Commerce.

H.Res. 971 (Fitzpatrick)

A resolution expressing the sense of the House that the Congress should enact legislation toslow, stop, and reverse the growth of the Nation's dependence on imported oil in ways that providecleaner air, reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, and enhance America's competitiveness. IntroducedJuly 28, 2006; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 3 (Young)/ S. 732 (Inhofe)

Transportation Equity Act. Section 1208 on High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lanes includesprovisions for alternative-fueled vehicles and energy-efficient vehicles. Section 3009 on Clean FuelsFormula Grant Program includes provisions for biodiesel, alcohol fuels, and fuel cells. Section 5213on Metropolitan Planning directs that goals include energy conservation. Other provisions in the billaddress traffic congestion, intelligent transportation systems, bicycling and pedestrian issues, andadvanced vehicle technologies. House bill introduced February 9, 2005; referred to Committee onTransportation and Infrastructure. Reported ( H.Rept. 109-12 , Parts I and II) March 8. Passed House,amended, March 10. Senate bill reported ( S.Rept. 109-53 ) April 6. In lieu of S. 732 ,Senate passed its version of H.R. 3 , amended, May 17. Conference reported ( H.Rept.109-203 ) July 28. Signed into law August 10.

H.R. 6 House (Barton)

Energy Policy Act of 2005. Section 102 sets a goal for 20% energy reduction in federalfacilities by 2015. Section 104 requires federal agency purchases of EPA Energy Star andFEMP-designated products. Section 105 permanently extends ESPCs and sets $500 million cap. Section 124 authorizes funding to states for rebates to support the cost premium for residentialpurchases of Energy Star products. Section 133 establishes energy efficiency standards for a varietyof consumer products and commercial equipment. Title I also sets out several energy efficiencyprovisions for public housing. Title VII has provisions for hybrid, fuel cell, and electric vehicles;and revises and extends some aspects of fuel economy standards. Title IX reauthorizes DOE energyefficiency R&D programs. Section 1253 would, under certain conditions, terminate PURPAcogeneration requirements. Sections 1312 and 1317 would create $397 million in tax credits forenergy efficiency. For renewables, reauthorizes REPI, authorizes increased hydropower at existingdams, sets renewables goal for federal facilities, and establishes residential rebate program. Also,Section 1311 provides $18 million in residential investment tax credits over three years for solar hotwater, photovoltaics, and fuel cell equipment. Committee on Energy and Commerce orderedcommittee print reported, as amended, April 13. Incorporates H.R. 1640 (non-taxprovisions), Domestic Energy Security Act, and H.R. 1541 (as Title XIII). Referred toCommittees on Energy and Commerce, Resources, Ways and Means, Science, and others April 18. Passed House, amended, April 21. H.Amdt. 74 , as amended by H.Amdt. 75 , directs EPA to revise certain adjustment factors used in federal vehicle fuel economy ratings andlabels put on new vehicles. H.Amdt. 78 authorizes $20 million for installation of aphotovoltaic solar electric system at DOE headquarters. Conference reported ( H.Rept. 109-190 )July 27. Signed into law August 8.

H.R. 6 Senate (Domenici)

Energy Policy Act of 2005. Sections 135 and 136 (incorporated from S. 10 )have stronger energy efficiency standards for consumer products and commercial equipment. Section 151 requires one million barrels per day in oil savings from various energy efficiency andenergy conservation measures by 2015. Section 204 sets a renewable fuel standard (RFS) of 8billion gallons by 2012. Other major differences for energy efficiency and renewable energy havecome in the form of adopted amendments. S.Amdt. 786 makes certain forms of oceanenergy eligible for various renewable energy incentives. S.Amdt. 791 creates a 10%renewable portfolio standard by 2020. S.Amdt. 800 has several tax provisions forrenewable energy and energy efficiency, including a three-year extension of the renewable energyproduction tax credit (PTC). S.Amdt. 817 creates a voluntary program to reducegreenhouse gas emission intensity that includes support for energy efficiency and renewable energytechnologies. S.Amdt. 866 expresses a "Sense of the Senate" that climate change is aserious policy concern that merits "mandatory" federal action. H.R. 6 was brought tothe Senate floor on June 14, 2005, and S.Amdt. 775 incorporated S. 10 intothe bill as an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Conference reported ( H.Rept. 109-190 ) July27. Signed into law August 8.

H.R. 17 (Hayworth)

Residential Solar Energy Tax Credit Act. Creates a 15% investment tax credit forphotovoltaic (electric) equipment, with a maximum of $2,000. Also, it establishes a 15% credit forsolar water heating equipment, with a maximum of $2,000. Introduced January 4, 2005; referred toCommittee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 36 (S. King)/ S. 610 (Talent)

Amends the Internal Revenue Code to revise the tax credit for biodiesel used as fuel toinclude a credit for the production of agri-biodiesel fuel equal to 10 cents for each gallon produced.Limits (1) the amount of qualified agri-biodiesel production of a producer to 15 million gallons forany taxable year; and (2) eligible producers to those with an annual productive capacity notexceeding 60 million gallons. Revises the small ethanol producer tax credit to (1) expand theeligibility of small ethanol producers for the credit; (2) exclude the credit from the definition ofpassive activity credit; and (3) exclude credit amounts from inclusion in gross income. House billintroduced January 4, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means. Senate bill introducedMarch 11, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

H.R. 113 (M. Kennedy)

Requires the Secretary of Transportation to determine apportionments to states of federal-aidhighway funds for FY2006 or any subsequent fiscal year in a particular manner if FY2005 or anypreceding fiscal year is taken into account in the computation. Directs the Secretary, in such aninstance, to base his calculations on the amount of estimated tax receipts that would have resultedif certain alcohol fuel mixture and biodiesel mixture excise tax credits under the American JobsCreation Act of 2004 had taken effect at the beginning of the fiscal year. Introduced January 5,2005; referred to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.

H.R. 140 (McHugh)

Promotes the use of anaerobic (methane) digesters by agricultural producers and rural smallbusinesses to produce renewable energy and improve environmental quality. Introduced January 4,2005; referred to Committee on Agriculture.

H.R. 141 (McHugh)

Makes permanent the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) for producing electricityfrom wind. Introduced January 4, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 168 (Millender-McDonald)

Goods Movement Act of 2005. Directs the Secretary of Transportation to considercongestion relief, energy consumption, and intelligent transportation systems in selecting projectsfor grants to state and local government. Introduced January 4, 2005; referred to Committee onTransportation and Infrastructure.

H.R. 174 (Millender-McDonald)

Geothermal Energy Initiative Act of 2005. Calls for a new resource assessment, more accessto federal land, improved leasing and permitting, and reimbursement for required environmentalanalyses. Introduced January 4, 2005; referred to Committee on Resources and the Committee onAgriculture.

H.R. 206 (Serrano)

Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow certain businesses located in areas designatedas nonattainment areas under the Clean Air Act a general business tax credit for the cost of certainclean-fuel vehicle property and clean-burning fuel. Allows the credit to be taken against regular andalternative minimum tax liabilities. Allows a tax deduction for any unused clean fuel credit amounts. The maximum credit is $2,000 for vehicles weighing less than 5 tons, $5,000 for vehicles weighingbetween 5 and 13 tons, and $50,000 for trucks and vans weighing more than 13 tons and for buseswith 20 or more passengers. Introduced January 4, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways andMeans.

H.R. 325 (Graves)/ S. 129 (Talent)

Hybrid HOV Access Act. Allows energy-efficient and low-emission vehicles to use HOVfacilities. House bill introduced January 25, 2005; referred to Committee on Transportation andInfrastructure. Senate bill introduced January 24, 2005; referred to Committee on Environment andPublic Works.

H.R. 381 (Gillmor)

Permits a state to provide tax incentives for production of electricity from (1) coal mined inthe state and used in a facility, if such production meets federal and state laws and if the facility usesclean coal technology, including scrubbers; (2) a renewable source such as wind, solar, or biomass;or (3) ethanol. Declares that any such state tax incentive shall (1) be considered to be a reasonableregulation of commerce, and (2) not be considered to impose an undue burden on interstatecommerce or to otherwise impair, restrain, or discriminate, against interstate commerce. IntroducedJanuary 26, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce and Committee on Judiciary.

H.R. 388 (Kaptur)

Biofuels Energy Independence Act of 2005. Authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to makeand guarantee loans for biofuel production, distribution, development, and storage. Sets forth loaneligibility provisions. Directs the Secretary to establish a related revolving fund. Authorizes theSecretary to administer a Biofuels Feedstocks Energy Reserve to (1) provide feedstocks infurtherance of biofuel-based energy production; and (2) support the biofuels energy industry whenproduction is at risk due to feedstock reductions or commodity price increases. Sets forth relatedprovisions respecting commercial commodity purchases, release of commodity stocks, and storagepayments. Introduced January 26, 2005; referred to Committee on Agriculture. Senate billintroduced March 15; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

H.R. 423 (Terry)

Homeland Infrastructure Power Security and Assurance Incentives Act of 2005. Authorizesthe Secretary of Energy to establish an Advanced Power System Technology Incentive Program ofincentive payments to eligible owners or operators to (1) support deployment of new advanced powersystem technologies such as fuel cells, turbines, hybrid, and storage system power technologies; and(2) improve and protect certain critical governmental, industrial, and commercial processes. Requires such funding to be used to increase power generation through enhanced operational,economic, and environmental performance. Introduced January 26, 2005; referred to Committee onEnergy and Commerce.

H.R. 424 (Terry)

Energy Efficiency Investment Act of 2005. Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow atax credit for up to 25% of the cost of certain energy efficient property installed in business andresidential properties. Introduced January 26, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 444 (Issa)

Hybrid Vehicle HOV Access Act. Amends Federal highway law to authorize a State topermit a hybrid vehicle with fewer than two occupants to operate in high occupancy vehicle (HOV)lanes. Defines "hybrid vehicle" as a motor vehicle (1) that draws propulsion energy from onboardsources of stored energy which are both an internal combustion or heat engine using combustible fueland a rechargeable energy storage system; and (2) which (in the case of a passenger automobile orlight truck) for 2002 and later models meets certain clean air requirements. Introduced February 1,2005; referred to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.

H.R. 610 (Biggert)

Energy Research, Development, Demonstration, and Commercial Application Act of 2005. Directs the Secretary of Energy to establish R&D programs in (1) vehicles, buildings, and industrialprocesses; (2) renewable energy research; (3) civilian nuclear energy research; (4) fuel recyclingtechnology; (5) fossil energy production, upgrading, conversion and consumption; (6) oil and gasresearch; (7) fuel cells; and (8) ultra-deepwater and unconventional natural gas. Instructs theSecretary to (1) plan programs directly related to fuel cells or hydrogen; and (2) conduct programsto address hydrogen production from diverse energy sources. Directs the President to establish aninteragency task force to work toward fuel infrastructure for hydrogen and hydrogen-carrier fuels,including buses and other fleet transportation. Establishes the Hydrogen Technical and Fuel CellAdvisory Committee. Directs the Secretary to establish a competitive grant pilot program foracquisition of (1) alternative fueled vehicles or fuel cell vehicles; (2) hybrid vehicles; and (3)ultra-low sulfur diesel vehicles. Directs the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agencyto establish a grant program for (1) the replacement of certain school buses with alternative fuelschool buses and ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel school buses; and (2) installation of retrofit technologiesfor diesel school buses. Instructs the Secretary to enter into cooperative agreements (1) with privatesector fuel cell bus developers for the development of fuel cell-powered school buses; and (2)government entities using natural gas-powered school buses and private sector fuel cell busdevelopers to demonstrate the use of fuel cell-powered school buses. Directs the Secretary to (1)establish a fuel cell transit bus demonstration program; and (2) award grants to universities for theestablishment of Centers of Excellence for Energy Systems of the Future to advance new clean coaltechnologies. Introduced February 8, 2005; referred to House Committees on Science, Resources,and Energy and Commerce. Science Committee ordered to be reported February 10, 2005.

H.R. 612 (Biggert)

Energy Basic and Applied Sciences Act of 2005. Requires the Secretary of Energy toestablish advisory committees to advise the department's applied programs in energy efficiency,renewable energy, and other areas. Directs the Secretary to establish a R&D program in: vehicles,buildings, and industrial processes; renewable energy research; fuel cells; and other areas. Introduced February 8, 2005; referred to Committees on Science, Resources, and Energy andCommerce.

H.R. 622 (Bono)/ S. 326 (Smith)

Renewable Energy Production Incentive (REPI) Reform Act. Amends the Energy Policy Actof 1992 to modify renewable energy production incentive payment guidelines to provide that if thereare insufficient appropriations to make full payments for electric production from all qualifiedrenewable energy facilities in any given year, the Secretary of Energy shall assign 60% ofappropriated funds for that year to facilities that use solar, wind, geothermal, or closed-loop(dedicated energy crops) biomass technologies to generate electricity, and assign the remaining 40%to other projects. Redefines a qualified renewable energy facility as one (1) owned by certaintax-exempt electricity-generating cooperatives, certain public utilities, a state, territorial, or localgovernments or an Indian tribal government; and (2) which may involve electricity generation bylandfill gas. Extends through FY2015 the deadline for first use of a facility eligible for incentivepayments. House bill introduced February 8, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy andCommerce. Senate bill introduced February 9, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and NaturalResources.

H.R. 626 (Camp)

VEHICLE Technology Act of 2005. Amends the Internal Revenue Code to repeal thephaseouts of the tax credit for qualified electric vehicles and of the tax deduction for clean-fuelvehicles. Allows a tax credit for investment in certain alternative motor vehicles, including fuel cellvehicles, advanced lean burn technology motor vehicles, hybrid motor vehicles, alternative fuelmotor vehicles, and mixed-fuel vehicles. Sets forth formulas for determining the amount of the creditbased on various factors, including vehicle weight and fuel efficiency ratings. Modifies the taxdeduction for clean-fuel vehicles and certain refueling property to (1) extend the terminating datefor such deduction through 2009, and through 2012 for hydrogen-related property; (2) increase to$150,000 the cost limitation for the deduction; and (3) extend the deduction to nonbusiness property. Introduced February 8, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 705 (Gilchrest)/ S. 889 (Feinstein)

Automobile Fuel Economy Act of 2005. Sets forth certain increased average fuel economystandards for certain light trucks, automobiles (up to 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight), andcertain classes of vehicles in the federal fleet that are manufactured or purchased after specifieddates. House bill introduced February 9, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce andCommittee on Government Reform. Senate bill introduced April 21, 2005; referred to Committeeon Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

H.R. 722 (Oberstar)

Securing Transportation Energy Efficiency for Tomorrow Act of 2005. Amends the FederalProperty and Administrative Services Act of 1949 to authorize the Administrator of General Servicesto establish a program for the procurement and installation of photovoltaic solar electric systems forelectric production in public buildings. Directs the Architect of the Capitol to evaluate the energyinfrastructure of the Capitol Complex to determine how it could be augmented to become moreenergy efficient, using photovoltaic solar energy systems, district-heating, and other unconventionaland renewable energy resources. Amends federal transportation law to (1) direct the Secretary ofTransportation (Secretary) to establish a program of grants to state and local governments for fuelconservation projects; (2) authorize the Secretary to make grants for fuel cell bus technologyprojects; and (3) require environmental impact statements for federal-aid highway and transitprojects to consider energy impacts as an environmental project consequence. Directs the Secretaryto establish (1) a Conserve By Bicycling pilot program for projects to encourage the use of bicyclesin place of motor vehicles; and (2) a specified public-private research partnership dedicated toadvancement of railroad technology, efficiency, and safety owned by the Federal RailroadAdministration and operated in the private sector. Directs (1) the Secretary to establish a pilot cleanairport bus replacement and fleet expansion grant program; and (2) the Administrator of the FederalAviation Administration to establish a public-private research partnership to develop a clean grounddemonstrator engine utilizing specified National Aeronautics and Space Administration-developedtechnologies. Directs the Secretary to establish a public-private research partnership to develop anddemonstrate technologies that increase fuel economy, reduce emissions, and lower costs of marinetransportation, as well as the efficiency of intermodal transfers. Directs the Secretary of the Armyto study and report to Congress on the potential for reduced fossil fuel consumption through anincrease in U.S. hydropower capabilities. Amends the Internal Revenue Code to exclude from grossincome as a qualifying transportation fringe benefit a commuting allowance of $75 per month forindividuals who bicycle, carpool, or car-share to work. Introduced February 9, 2005; referred toCommittee on Energy and Commerce and Committee on Government Reform.

H.R. 737 (Woolsey)

Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Act of 2005. Declares it shall be policy of theUnited States that its research, development, demonstration, and commercial applications programsbe designed to enable 20% of domestic energy generated from stationary sources to be generatedfrom nonhydropower renewable energy sources by the year 2020. Prescribes research anddevelopment program goals to implement such policy in connection with enhanced (1) renewableenergy; (2) energy efficiency; and (3) aeronautical system energy. Directs the Secretary of Energyto (1) submit to Congress an assessment of renewable energy resources available for commercialapplication; and (2) implement a Next Generation Lighting Initiative for advanced solid-statelighting technologies based on white light-emitting diodes. Requires the Director of the Office ofScience and Technology Policy to establish (1) an interagency group to develop a National BuildingPerformance Initiative; and (2) an advisory committee to analyze and provide recommendations onpotential private sector roles and participation in the Initiative. Directs the Secretary of Energy to(1) commission an independent assessment of innovative financing techniques to facilitateconstruction of new renewable energy and energy efficiency facilities; (2) establish a demonstrationprogram for innovative technologies for renewable energy sources in buildings owned or operatedby a state or local government; (3) provide assistance to small businesses and startup companies forthe commercial application of renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies developed byor with support from the Department of Energy; (4) establish an education and outreach program onrenewable energy and energy efficiency technologies; and (5) establish a competitive matching grantpilot program for voluntary local government programs that seek to promote innovative energyefficiency technologies and processes to reduce the industrial use of water and the discharge ofwastewater from commercial and industrial entities. Introduced February 9, 2005; referred toCommittee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 759 (Gilchrest)

Climate Stewardship Act of 2005. Establishes various policies for curbing greenhouse gasemissions that include several energy-efficiency and renewable energy measures. IntroducedFebruary 10, 2005; referred to Committee on Science and to Committee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 779 (Radanovich)

Federal Hydropower Enhancement Act of 2005. Directs the Secretary of the Interior, theSecretary of Energy, and the Secretary of the Army to study and report to Congress on the potentialfor increasing electric power production capability at federally owned or operated facilities for waterregulation, storage, and conveyance. Introduced February 10, 2005; referred to Committee onResources and to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.

H.R. 889 (Young)/ S. 1280 (Snowe)

Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Act of 2005. Section 419 of the House bill directsthe Commandant of the Coast Guard, when prompted by the Secretary of the Army, to state whetheran offshore wind energy facility constitutes an obstruction to navigation. House bill introducedFebruary 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and Committee onHomeland Security. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure reported ( H.Rept. 109-204 , pt.1) July 28. Passed House, amended, September 15. In Senate, introduced June 21, referred toCommittee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Resources and to Committee onTransportation and Infrastructure. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Resourcesreported ( S.Rept. 109-114 ) July 28. S. 1280 was incorporated into H.R. 889 as an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Passed Senate October 27. Conference reported( H.Rept. 109-413 ) April 6, 2006. Signed into law as P.L. 109-241 July 12.

H.R. 971 (Simmons)

Directs the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to extend through May 30, 2007, the timeperiod during which the licensee is required to commence construction for projects numbered 11547,10822, and 10823 in the state of Connecticut. Requires the commission thereafter, upon licenseerequest, to extend the time period for construction of such project for two consecutive two-yearperiods. Directs the commission to reinstate the licenses for such projects effective as of theirrespective expiration dates. States that the first authorized extension for each such project shall takeeffect on its expiration date. Introduced February 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy andCommerce.

H.R. 983 (T. Udall)

Amends the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 to prescribe guidelines for aFederal Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) for calendar years 2008 through 2037. Specifies aschedule of graduated annual percentages of a supplier's base amount, from 1% in 2008 up to 20%in 2027 and thereafter, that shall be generated from renewable energy resources. Authorizes asupplier to satisfy such requirements through the submission of renewable energy credits to theSecretary of Energy. Provides for energy credit trading or borrowing among suppliers. Directs theSecretary to (1) encourage federally owned utilities, municipally owned utilities, and rural electriccooperatives that sell electric energy to electric consumers for purposes other than resale toparticipate in the renewable portfolio standard program; and (2) establish by December 31, 2007, astate renewable energy account program. Introduced February 17, 2005; referred to Committee onEnergy and Commerce.

H.R. 1103 (N. Johnson)

Fuel Efficiency Truth in Advertising Act of 2005. Directs the Administrator of theEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) to revise certain federal vehicle fuel economy testprocedures to take into consideration higher speed limits, faster acceleration rates, variations intemperature, use of air conditioning, shorter city test cycle lengths, and the use of other fuel depletingfeatures. Introduced March 3, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce. Incorporatedinto H.R. 6 as floor amendment H.Amdt. 74 (as amended by H.Amdt. 75 ).

H.R. 1127 (T. Lee)

Renewable Energy Production Incentive (REPI) Reform and Reauthorization Act. Makesequal incentives available from the Department of Energy (solar, wind, geothermal), Department ofAgriculture (biomass), and Environmental Protection Agency (landfill gas). Introduced March 3,2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 1158 (Hart)

Reauthorizes the Steel and Aluminum Energy Conservation and Technology CompetitivenessAct of 1988. Modifies the list of priorities that the Secretary of Energy must consider in reviewingresearch and development activities for possible inclusion in the Steel Initiative Research Plan toinclude the development of (1) advanced sheet and bar steel; and (2) technologies that reducegreenhouse gas emissions. Introduced March 8, 2005; referred to Committee on Science.

H.R. 1212 (Weller)

Save America's Valuable Energy Resources Act of 2005. Amends the Internal Revenue Codeto establish tax credits for (1) qualified energy efficient improvements to existing homes and (2) theconstruction of qualified new energy efficient homes. Allows a tax deduction for energy efficientcommercial building property expenditures. Introduced March 10; referred to Committees onEnergy and Commerce, Ways and Means, and Science.

H.R. 1215 (Gingrey)/ S. 1270 (Snowe)

Green Chemistry Research and Development Act of 2005. Provision for grants tomanufacturers includes measures that would increase energy efficiency. House bill introducedMarch 10, 2005; referred to Committee on Science.

H.R. 1255 (C. Peterson)

Clean Power Plant Act of 2005. Amends the Internal Revenue Code to extend untilDecember 31, 2010, the tax credit for biodiesel used as fuel. Introduced March 10, 2005; referredto Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 1397 (N. Johnson)/ S. 671 (Lieberman)

Establishes an investment tax credit for fuel cell equipment purchased for business andresidential uses. The fuel cell must have a minimum capacity of 0.5 kilowatt (kw). The upper limitof the credit is $500 for each 0.5 kw, with a maximum of 30% of the total fuel cell cost. House billintroduced March 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means. Senate bill introducedMarch 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

H.R. 1398 (Kaptur)

Amends the Clean Air Act to require that, after the year 2010, all gasoline sold in the UnitedStates for motor vehicles contain at least 10% ethanol and that all diesel fuel sold in the UnitedStates for motor vehicles contain at least 5% Biodiesel. Introduced March 17, 2005; referred toCommittee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 1421 (Nussle)

Resource Efficient Appliance Incentives Act of 2005. Creates an equipment productioncredit for 2005 through 2010 that ranges from $50 to $150 per unit for clothes washers andrefrigerators that meet certain energy-efficiency criteria. The total value of credits is limited by adollar amount and by a percent of gross revenue. Introduced March 17, 2005; referred to Committeeon Ways and Means.

H.R. 1451 (Waxman)

Clean Smokestacks Act of 2005. Amends the Clean Air Act (CAA) to require theAdministrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to promulgate regulations to achievespecified reductions in aggregate emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon dioxide, andmercury from powerplants (electric generation facilities with a nameplate capacity of 15 megawattsor more that use a combustion device to generate electricity for sale) by January 1, 2010. States thatregulations promulgated under this act may require additional emissions reductions if theAdministrator determines that the specified reductions are not reasonably anticipated to protectpublic health or welfare. Directs the Administrator to coordinate with other federal and stateagencies to increase energy efficiency, to increase the use of renewable energy, and to implementcost saving advanced demand and supply side policies. Requires powerplants, on the later of thedate 30 years after the powerplant commenced operation or five years after this act's enactment, tocomply with the most recent new source performance standards under CAA provisions regardingair quality and emissions limitations and with specified requirements for modified sources. Introduced March 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 1482 (Wynn)

Hydrogen Liberty Act. Authorizes $3.9 billion over 10 years for research and developmentof advanced nuclear reactor ($1.3 billion), solar energy ($1.3 billion), and wind energy ($1.3 billion)technologies for the production of hydrogen. The bill would create 15 demonstration projects, fivefor each of the three technologies. Introduced April 5, 2005; referred to Committee on Science andCommittee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 1511 (Foley)

Extends the renewable energy electricity production tax credit (PTC) for wind energy for fiveyears. Introduced April 6, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 1530 (Shadegg)

Section 3(e) creates a 1.5cent/kwh incentive (maximum $1 million) for increased hydropowercapacity at existing non-federal dams. Also, for qualified efficiency improvements (minimum 3%improvement) at existing dams, Section 4 creates incentive worth up to 10% of the capital cost. Introduced April 6, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 1533 (T. Davis)

Federal Energy Management Improvement Act of 2005. Title I has provisions for energyreduction goals, energy-efficient equipment procurement, and ESPCs. Title II requires purchasesof renewable energy. Title VII has provisions for alternative fuel use. Introduced April 8, 2005;referred to Committee on Government Reform and Committee on Energy and Commerce. Committee on Government Reform held markup and ordered reported April 13.

H.R. 1541 (Thomas)

Enhanced Energy Infrastructure and Technology Tax Act of 2005. Referred to Committeeon Ways and Means April 12, 2005. Committee held markup April 13. Reported ( H.Rept. 109-45 )April 18. Incorporated into H.R. 6 .

H.R. 1608 (Herseth)/ S. 650 (Lugar)

Fuels Security Act of 2005. Section 101 increases the renewable fuel standard (RFS) to 8billion gallons by 2012. Section 102 directs federal agencies purchases of gasoline to include 10%ethanol-blended gasoline within five years. It also directs agencies' purchases of diesel fuel toinclude 2% biodiesel in five years and 20% biodiesel in 10 years. House bill introduced April 13,2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce. Senate bill, introduced March 17, 2005;referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works.

H.R. 1612 (Kaptur)

Establishes ethanol (10% blend) and biodiesel (2% rising to 20% over 10 years) fuelrequirements for the federal fleet. Introduced April 13, 2005; referred to Committee on GovernmentReform.

H.R. 1640 (Barton)

Energy Policy Act of 2005. Contains titles on energy efficiency, renewable energy,alternative fuels, and many other non-tax energy policy areas. On April 14, 2005, referred toCommittees on Energy and Commerce, Resources, Science, and several other committees. Incorporated into H.R. 6 .

H.R. 1705 (Shadegg)

Establishes a program to support deployment of idle reduction and energy conservationtechnologies for heavy-duty vehicles, and for other purposes. Introduced April 19, 2005; referredto Committee on Energy and Commerce and Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.

H.R. 1706 (Shadegg)

Directs the Secretary of Energy to conduct a program in partnership with the private sectorto accelerate efforts of domestic automobile manufacturers to manufacture commercially availablecompetitive hybrid vehicle technologies in the United States. Introduced April 19, 2005; referredto Committee on Science and Committee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 1744 (Ruppersberger)

Common Sense Automobile Efficiency Act of 2005. Repeals phaseouts of tax credits forqualified electric and clean-fueled vehicles. Introduced April 20, 2005; referred to Committee onWays and Means.

H.R. 1750 (Boehlert)

Grand Canyon Hydrogen-Powered Transportation Demonstration Act of 2005. Directs DOE(in cooperation with Department of Interior) to research, develop, and demonstrate, in cooperationwith affected and related industries, a hydrogen-based alternative public transportation systemsuitable for operations within Grand Canyon National Park and other sensitive resource areas. Introduced April 21, 2005; referred to Committee on Science.

H.R. 1797 (McMorris)/ S. 881 (Cantwell)

Spokane Tribe of Indians of the Spokane Reservation Grand Coulee Dam EquitableCompensation Settlement Act. Establishes in the Treasury the Spokane Tribe of Indians SettlementFund. Requires the payment of compensation to the Spokane Business Council for the use of triballands for the generation of hydropower from the Grand Coulee Dam. Requires the use of such funds,in part, for a Cultural Resource Repository and Interpretive Center concerning the culture and historyof the Spokane Tribe. Directs the Administrator of the Bonneville Power Administration to makespecified settlement payments to the Spokane Tribe. Allows payments made to the SpokaneBusiness Council or Spokane Tribe to be used or invested by the Business Council in the samemanner and for the same purposes as other Spokane Tribal governmental funds. Directs theSecretary of the Interior to transfer administrative jurisdiction from the Bureau of Reclamation tothe Bureau of Indian Affairs over certain land located within the exterior boundaries of the SpokaneIndian Reservation and certain other land located on the south bank of the Spokane River. Providesthat payments by the Secretary and the Administrator and restoration of ownership of land in trustconstitute full satisfaction of the claim of the Spokane Tribe to a fair share of the annual hydropowerrevenues generated by the Grand Coulee Dam project for the past and continued use of land of theSpokane Tribe for the production of hydropower at Grand Coulee Dam. House bill introduced April21, 2005; referred to Committee on Resources. Ordered reported May 18. Senate bill introducedApril 21, 2005; referred to Committee on Indian Affairs.

H.R. 1815 (Hunter)/ S. 1042 (Warner)

National Defense Authorization Act for FY2006. Section 2402 authorizes funding for energyconservation projects. House bill introduced April 26, 2005; referred to Committee on ArmedServices. Includes $50 million authorization. Reported ( H.Rept. 109-89 ) May 20. Passed HouseMay 25. Senate bill introduced May 12, 2005; referred to Committee on Armed Services. Includes$60 million authorization. Reported ( S.Rept. 109-69 ) May 17. The Senate passed H.R. 1815 , incorporating S. 1042 as an amendment in the nature of a substitute, onNovember 15. Section 346 of the Senate-passed bill directs DOD to study and report on the effectsof offshore wind machines on military radar installations.

H.R. 1834 (Cunningham)/ S. 680 (Snowe)

Efficient Energy Through Certified Technologies and Electricity Reliability (EFFECTER)Act of 2005. Section 101 creates an income tax deduction ($2.25 per square foot maximum) forenergy efficiency measures that reduce commercial building energy use by 50% below the AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Equipment Association's (ASHRAE's) 90.1industry energy efficiency standard. Section 102 establishes an investment tax credit for energyefficiency measures in new home construction that reduce energy use by 30% ($1,000 maximum)or by 50% ($2,000 maximum). Section 103 sets a tax deduction for business use of solar hot water,photovoltaics, heat pumps (gas, electric, ground source), furnaces, and boilers. It also creates a taxdeduction ($6,000 maximum) for such equipment used in residential rental properties that reducesenergy use by 50% (pro-rated for smaller energy reductions). Section 104 creates a nonbusiness taxcredit ($2,000 maximum) for equipment that reduces energy use by 50%. Section 105 establishesan investment tax credit available over four years to combined heat and power (CHP orcogeneration) systems smaller than 15 megawatts (MW) that satisfy certain efficiency standards.Section 201 sets energy efficiency test procedures and standards for a variety of equipment andproducts. For battery chargers and external power supplies, the Secretary of Energy has three yearsto determine whether standards are needed. Further, standards (or requirements) are set for vendingmachines, commercial refrigerators and freezers, illuminated exit signs, torchieres, distributiontransformers, traffic signal modules, unit heaters, compact fluorescent light bulbs, ceiling fans,dehumidifiers, spray valves, and furnace fans. Section 202 directs the Secretary of Energy to issuea rulemaking that assesses effectiveness of labeling requirements and a rulemaking to set labelingrequirements for additional consumer products (including distribution transformers). Section 203sets test procedures and standards for commercial package air conditioners and heating equipment. Section 204 creates standards for commercial refrigerators and freezers. Section 301 directs federalagencies to procure EPA Energy Star and DOE FEMP-designated energy equipment, where it iscost-effective. Section 302 permanently extends the authority for federal agencies to enter energysaving performance contracts (ESPCs). Section 303 sets federal building energy performancestandards by updating the baseline from the 1992 Council of American Building Officials (CABO)to the 2003 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC). Further, it directs the Secretary ofEnergy to require new federal buildings to achieve a 30% energy reduction, provided it iscost-effective on a life-cycle basis. Section 401 modifies the Public Housing Capital Fund to includecertain energy and water use efficiency improvements. Section 402 directs the Secretary of Housingand Urban Development (HUD) to provide grants for certain energy and water efficiencyimprovements to multifamily housing projects. Section 403 directs public housing agencies topurchase cost-effective Energy Star or FEMP-designated appliances and products. Section 404changes the energy efficiency standards and codes for public housing from CABO to the 2003International Energy Conservation Code, where HUD finds it cost-effective. House bill introducedApril 26, 2005; referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, and FinancialServices. Senate bill introduced March 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

H.R. 2070 (Kucinich)

Creates an income tax credit for purchases of fuel-efficient passenger vehicles andestablishes grants for mass transit. Introduced May 4, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways andMeans and Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.

H.R. 2358 (M. Udall)

Aeronautics Research and Development Revitalization Act of 2005. Section 201 directs theNational Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to set 10-year technology improvementgoals, which include a 25% reduction in fuel use for medium- and long-range commercial aircraft. Introduced May 12, 2005; referred to Committee on Science.

H.R. 2361 (Taylor)

Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill, 2006. House version includes $91.5 million (EPM) and $20.0 million (S&T) for EPA's Climate ProtectionProgram. Senate version includes $94.5 million (EPM) and $17.7 million (S&T). Committee onAppropriations reported ( H.Rept. 109-80 ) May 13, 2005. Passed House, amended, May 19. Reported ( S.Rept. 109-80 ) in Senate June 10. Passed Senate, amended, June 29. Conferencereported ( H.Rept. 109-188 ) July 26. Signed into law August 2.

H.R. 2419 (Hobson)

Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2006. Includes funding for DOE'senergy efficiency and renewable energy programs. Committee on Appropriations reported ( H.Rept.109-86 ) May 18, 2005. Passed House, amended, May 24. Committee on Appropriations reported( S.Rept. 109-84 ) June 16. Passed Senate July 1. Conference reported ( H.Rept. 109-275 ) November7. Signed into law November 19.

H.R. 2498 (Hulshof)/ S. 1076 (Lincoln)

Extends through December 31, 2010, the tax credit for biodiesel used as fuel and the excisecredits for biodiesel mixtures and biodiesel used to produce biodiesel mixtures. House billintroduced May 19, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means. Senate bill introduced May19, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

H.R. 2665 (Engel)

Encourages the availability and use of motor vehicles that have improved fuel efficiency, inorder to reduce oil imports. Introduced May 26, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means,Committee on Financial Services, and Committee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 2744 (Bonilla)

Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related AgenciesAppropriations Act, 2006. Includes $23 million in funding for USDA's renewable energy grant andloan program. Committee on Appropriations reported ( H.Rept. 109-102 ) June 2, 2005. PassedHouse, amended, June 8. Reported ( S.Rept. 109-92 ) in Senate June 27. Passed Senate September22. Conference reported ( H.Rept. 109-255 ) October 26.

H.R. 2751 (Andrews)

FHA Energy Efficiency Act. Amends Section 526 of the National Housing Act to providethat any certification of a property for meeting energy efficiency requirements for mortgageinsurance must be conducted by an individual certified by an accredited home energy rating systemprovider. Introduced June 7, 2005; referred to Committee on Financial Services.

H.R. 2794 (R. Lewis)

Clean Energy Bonds Act of 2005. Establishes a nonrefundable tax credit to holders ofqualified bonds issued to finance certain clean energy projects. Qualified borrowers include electriccoops, governmental bodies, and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Unused credits can be carriedover for one year. Introduced June 8, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 2828 (Inslee)

New Apollo Energy Act of 2005. Includes incentives for fuel-efficient vehicles, includingtax credits for the purchase of hybrid, alternative-fuel, low-emission advanced diesel, and fuel-cellvehicles. Also, it provides $11.5 billion in tax credits for the automotive and aerospace industriesto develop new fuel efficient automobiles and planes, retool existing plants, and construct new plantsto manufacture energy-efficient vehicles. Establishes an alternative fuel vehicle purchaserequirement for government agencies; tax credits for the installation of alternative refuelingproperties and for the retail sale of alternative fuels; a renewable fuels standard is set at 8 billiongallons by 2013; modifies the tax credit for qualified electric vehicles; and creates loans for schoolsto buy high-efficiency vehicles. New Apollo provides $49 billion in government loan guaranteesfor the construction of clean-energy generation facilities that will produce power from wind, solar,geothermal, biomass, oceans, coal with carbon-sequestration technology, and other sources.Commits $10.5 billion to research-and-development and investment tax credits for cleanenergy-producing operations. In addition, it includes a 10-year extension of the current renewableenergy production tax credit (PTC). Calls for reductions in daily domestic oil consumption of600,000 barrels a day by 2010; 1,700,000 barrels by 2015; and 3,000,000 barrels by 2020. Caps U.S.emissions of greenhouse gases while allowing companies to purchase and trade credits amongthemselves to ensure the most cost-effective reductions, and funds research to help industries shiftto cleaner operations. Further, provides $7 billion in loan guarantees for the development of cleancoal power plants. Funds new federal research into advanced clean technologies, and creates agovernment-funded risk pool to help start-up clean-energy companies commercialize their products. Establishes a Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) requiring all utilities, by 2021, to produce 10%of their electricity from renewable energy sources. Creates national net-metering and interconnectionstandards for homeowners. Also, it includes provisions to make it revenue-neutral, by reducingcorporate tax shelters and loopholes, and by auctioning some of the allowances under the carbondioxide trading program. Introduced June 9, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means,Committee on Energy and Commerce, and several other committees.

H.R. 2862 (Wolf)

Science, State, Justice, Commerce, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006. Section618 directs the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Securities and ExchangeCommission, and the Small Business Administration to certify that telecommuting opportunitieshave increased over the previous year. Section 619 directs the National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration (NASA) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) to certify that telecommutingopportunities are available to 100% of the eligible workforce. Without the above-noted certification,the agencies risk forfeiting $5 million at the end of the fiscal year. Reported ( H.Rept. 109-118 ) June10, 2005. Passed House, amended, June 16. Senate Committee on Appropriations reported ( S.Rept.109-88 ) June 23. Passed Senate September 15. Conference reported ( H.Rept. 109-272 ) November7. Signed into law November 22.

H.R. 2863 (Young)

Department of Defense Appropriations Bill, 2006. Title II, regarding Operation andMaintenance, includes $5 million for a wind power demonstration project on an Air Force base. Committee on Appropriations reported ( H.Rept. 109-119 ) June 10, 2005. Passed House, amended,June 20. Senate Committee on Appropriations reported ( S.Rept. 109-14 ) September 29. PassedSenate October 7. Conference reported ( H.Rept. 109-359 ) December 18. Signed into law ( P.L.109-148 ) December 30.

H.R. 2938 (Duncan)

Environmentally Responsible Windpower Act of 2005. Provides for local control over thesiting of wind machines, including prohibiting federal subsidies for machines located within 20 milesof national monuments. Introduced July 1, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerceand Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 3057 (Kolbe)

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2006. In Senate version of bill, Development Assistance (Environment Programs, Section 6074a) includes$180 million for energy efficiency, renewable energy, and clean energy technologies. Section6074(b) requires that the President submit, after the FY2007 budget request, a report to Congressidentifying all federal FY2006 expenditures related to climate change. House Committee onAppropriations reported ( H.Rept. 109-152 ) June 21, 2005. Passed House, amended, June 28. Reported ( S.Rept. 109-96 ) in Senate June 30. Passed Senate July 20. Conference reported ( H.Rept.109-265 ) November 2. Signed into law November 14.

H.R. 3059 (Carson)

Alternative Fuel Utilization and Infrastructure Development Incentives Act of 2005. Establishes tax credits for: (1) 50% of the cost of any residential or commercial alternative fuelvehicle refueling property to store or dispense fuel (alternative vehicle fuel consisting of at least 85%ethanol) that is placed in service; and (2) the retail sale of E-85 fuel for use in an alternative fuelmotor vehicle. Introduced June 24, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 3081 (Gutknecht)

Renewable Fuels Act of 2005. Amends the Clean Air Act to direct the Administrator of theEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish a program to require U.S. motor vehicle fuelsto contain a certain volume of renewable fuel. Defines "renewable fuel" to include cellulosic biomassethanol, waste derived ethanol, and biodiesel. Establishes a system of: (1) tradeable credits for motorvehicle fuel containing more renewable fuel than required; (2) waivers for states and small refineries;and (3) safe harbor standards to protect manufacturers of renewable fuels from civil liability. Amends the Energy Policy Act of 1992 to require federal agency heads to ensure thatethanol-blended gasoline and biodiesel-blended diesel fuel are purchased for agency vehicles in areaswhere such fuel is available at competitive prices. Also, amends the Clean Air Act to eliminate theoxygen content requirement for reformulated gasoline. Introduced July 1, 2005; referred toCommittees on Energy and Commerce, Agriculture, and Government Reform.

H.R. 3152 (Carnahan)

Provides tax incentives for the production of qualified hybrid vehicles. Specifically, it wouldallow tax credits for purchasers and manufacturers of qualified hybrid motor vehicles. Defines"qualified hybrid motor vehicle" as a motor vehicle which: (1) operates on an internal combustionor heat engine using consumable fuel and a rechargeable energy storage system; (2) meets specifiedemission standards under the Clean Air Act; (3) is a passenger vehicle or light truck with a grossweight rating of not more than 8,500 pounds; (4) has a maximum available power (defined as themaximum power available from the rechargeable energy storage system during a standard 10-secondpulse power or equivalent test, divided by such maximum power and the SAE net power of the heatengine) of at least four percent; and (5) is acquired for use or lease by a taxpayer and not for resale. Introduced June 30, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 3164 (Gordon)

Makes geothermal heat pump systems eligible for the 10% business investment tax credit thatapplies to solar equipment and geothermal power plants. Introduced June 30, 2005; referred toCommittee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 3263 (Wamp)

Energy Efficiency Cornerstone Act of 2005. Aims to reduce the growth of energy use andlimit the impact of growing energy use on the economy, environment, and national security throughreductions in energy demand. Introduced July 13, 2005; referred to Committees on Energy andCommerce, Ways and Means, and Financial Services.

H.R. 3273 (Saxton)

Provides tax deduction for flexible fuel (including alcohol fuel) vehicles. The deductionwould be for the cost of any qualified flexible fuel vehicle. Defines "qualified flexible fuel vehicle"as a motor vehicle that can use each of the following: (1) gasoline; (2) one or more fuels at least 85%of which is methanol, ethanol, any other alcohol, and/or ether; and (3) any combination of gasolineand one or more of such fuels. Terminates such deduction after 2010. Introduced July 13, 2005;referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 3274 (Saxton)

Provides a tax deduction for qualified clean-fuel vehicle refueling property and amends theClean Air Act to make ethanol fuels more available to motorists. Specifically, it: (1) extends through2013 the tax deduction for qualified clean-fuel vehicle refueling property; and (2) provides for aphaseout of the tax deduction for qualified clean-fuel vehicle refueling property placed in serviceafter December 31, 2010. Also, it amends the Clean Air Act to require retail gasoline service centerswith eight or more pumps to operate at least one pump for the retail sale of fuel containing at least85% ethanol. Introduced July 29, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce andCommittee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 3338 (Herger)

Extends the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) for 10 years. Introduced July 19,2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

House Bills Introduced after H.R. 6 Conference Report (July 27, 2005).

H.R. 3646 (Pallone)

Gas Price Relief and Oil Conservation Act of 2005. Section 3 directs federal agencies topropose actions that would reduce U.S. oil demand by 1 million barrels per day by 2013. IntroducedSeptember 2, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 3762 (Boehlert)

Requires higher standards of automobile fuel efficiency to reduce the amount of oil used forfuel by automobiles in the United States by 10% beginning in 2016. Introduced September 14, 2005;referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 3893 (Barton)

Gasoline for America's Security Act of 2005. Title III contains some energy conservationprovisions. Section 301 directs DOE to establish a program, which may include grants to state andlocal governments, to encourage carpooling and vanpooling. Section 302 directs EPA to evaluate,assess, and report on carpool and vanpool projects funded under the congestion mitigation and airquality program. Section 303 directs DOE to evaluate and report on the capacity of the Internet tofacilitate carpool and vanpool operations established in Section 301. Section 304 directs DOE towork with industry to create an education campaign that informs drivers about measures to conservegasoline. Introduced September 26, 2005; referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce,Transportation and Infrastructure, Armed Services, and Resources. Referred to the Committee onEnergy and Commerce ( H.Rept. 109-244 , Part 1) October 6. Passed House (212-210) October 7. In Senate, referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

H.R. 3928 (Murphy)

Wood Stove Replacement Act of 2005. For individuals, a maximum income tax credit of$500 is allowed for wood stoves that meet certain air pollution requirements. Credit availabilitywould expire at the end of 2008. Introduced September 28, 2005; referred to Committee on Waysand Means.

H.R. 3941 (Price)

Finding the Ultimate Energy Lifeline (FUEL) Act of 2005. Directs the President to createa study group to prepare strategies to reduce oil imports, including the use of alternative fuels. Introduced September 29, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 3984 (Granger)

Idling Reduction Tax Credit Act of 2005. For heavy-duty diesel trucks, creates a tax creditworth up to 50% of the amount incurred for idling reduction devices, with a maximum value of$3,500 per device. Introduced October 6, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 3986 (Holt)

Fuel Savings, Smarter Travel, and Efficient Roadways Act. A report to Congress is requiredon the potential fuel savings from intelligent transportation systems that help businesses andconsumers plan their travel and avoid traffic delays. Introduced October 6, 2005; referred toCommittee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 4138 (Lowey)

Weatherization Assistance Act. Creates a program to provide assistance to States forconsultations with respect to weatherization and energy efficiency of residences and smallbusinesses. Authorizes $200 million per year for FY2007 through FY2011. Introduced October 25,2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 4241 (Nussle)/ S. 1932 (Gregg)

Deficit Reduction Act of 2005. In the House bill, Section 1301 would terminate FY2007funding for the USDA Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out renewable energy and energyefficiency projects authorized by Section 9006 of the Farm Security Act of 2002. Further, Section1402 would terminate FY2007 funding of Section 6401 (Value-Added Producer program) of theFarm Security Act of FY2007, regarding grants to renewable energy and energy efficiency projects. Section 3405 (Digital Television Converter Fund) would create an energy efficiency standard of ninewatts for the passive standby mode of a digital-to-analog converter box. Section 6514 (FederalEnergy Natural Resources Enhancement Fund Act of 2005) would create funding for mitigating theenvironmental impacts of energy development on federal lands, including the development ofgeothermal, wind, and ocean (wave, currents, thermal) energy resources. House bill reported( H.Rept. 109-276 ) from the Committee on the Budget, November 7, 2005. Passed House (217-215)November 18. The Senate bill has no comparable provisions. Senate bill reported (without writtenreport) from the Committee on the Budget, October 26, 2005. Passed Senate (52-47) November 3. Conference reported ( H.Rept. 109-362 ) December 19, 2005. Signed into law ( P.L. 109-171 )February 8, 2006.

H.R. 4263 (Markey)

Windfall Profits and Consumer Assistance Act of 2005. Section 2 would create a "windfallprofits" excise tax of 50% of net profit from the production of crude oil. Section 2(d) would allow"qualified investments" in alcohol fuels, including biodiesel and agri-biodiesel, to be used to reducethe tax. Introduced November 9, 2005; referred to Committees on Ways and Means, Energy andCommerce, and Education and the Workforce.

H.R. 4300 (Ferguson)

Clean and Green Solar Tax Act of 2005. Section 1335 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005( P.L. 109-58 ) created residential energy tax credits for solar water heaters, photovoltaics, and fuelcells. This bill extends those credits from the end of 2007 to the end of 2011. Introduced November10, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 4342 (Andrews)

Section 1(b) of the bill would broaden Section 9006 (Renewable Energy Systems and EnergyEfficiency Improvements Program) of the Farm Security Act of 2002 to apply to urban areas. Specifically, USDA would be empowered to provide a loan guarantee or grant to a private businessenterprise in an urban area if the enterprise demonstrates that a rural business would benefit fromthe use of that loan guarantee or grant. Introduced November 16, 2005; referred to Committees onAgriculture.

H.R. 4350 (Holt)

School Building Enhancement Act. The Department of Energy (DOE) would be requiredto provide grants to state and local educational agencies for DOE's EnergySmart Schools programand EPA's Energy Star programs. Introduced November 16, 2005; referred to Committee onEducation and the Workforce.

H.R. 4357 (Gutknecht)/S. 3553 (Grassley)

10 By 10 Act. The bill would amend the Clean Air Act to require that all gasoline sold foruse in motor vehicles contain 10% renewable fuel in the year 2010 and thereafter. House billintroduced November 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce. Senate billintroduced June 21, 2006; referred to Committee on Environment and Public Works.

H.R. 4370 (Inslee)

The bill would provide incentives to the automobile industry to accelerate efforts to developmore energy-efficient vehicles to lessen dependence on imported oil. Introduced November 17,2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means and Committee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 4375 (McNulty)/ S. 2070 (Schumer)

The bill would provide certain relicensing requirements for hydroelectric projects on theMohawk River in the State of New York. House bill introduced November 17, 2005; referred toCommittee on Energy and Commerce. Senate Bill introduced November 18, 2005; referred toCommittee on Energy and Natural Resources.

H.R. 4377 (Otter)

The bill would extend the time required for construction of a hydroelectric project. Introduced November 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 4384 (Shays)

Energy for Our Future Act. Section 102 would create an income tax credit for manufacturersof energy-efficient vehicles. Section 103 would create grants for transit-oriented developmentcorridors. Section 104 would set the fuel economy standard for passenger cars at 28 miles per gallon(mpg) for 2007 and raise it to 40 mpg by 2016. Section 105 would limit depreciation for sports utilityvehicles. Section 106 would set fuel efficiency standards for car tires. Section 203 would extendthe renewable energy production tax credit for four years (2008 through 2011). Section 204 wouldrequire retail electricity suppliers to reduce peak demand through improved energy efficiency by0.25% in 2006, increasing to 3.75% by 2010. Section 205 would create a federal renewable energyportfolio standard of 1% in 2007, increasing to 20% by 2030. Section 206 would create a federalrequirement for net metering. Section 406 repeals federal preemption of state laws that set fueleconomy standards. Introduced November 17, 2005; referred to Committees on Energy andCommerce, Ways and Means, Resources, and Transportation and Infrastructure.

H.R. 4409 (Kingston)/ S. 2025 (Bayh)

Fuel Choices for American Security Act of 2005. Title I would create a national oil savingstarget and action plan, including possible options for measures by federal agencies and a nationwidepublic education effort. Title II would establish several measures to improve the fuel efficiency ofvehicles, including reduced idling, materials and technology, and investment tax incentives. TitleIII would require several measures to promote the use of ethanol, cellulosic biomass fuel, and otherbiofuels. House bill introduced November 18, 2005; referred to Committees on Energy andCommerce, Science, Ways and Means, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Government Reform. Senate bill introduced November 16, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

H.R. 4420 (Sanders)

The bill would repeal tax subsidies enacted by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 for oil and gas,repeal certain other oil and gas subsidies in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and use the proceedsto carry out the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Act of 1981 and to provide weatherizationassistance. Introduced November 18, 2005; referred to Committees on Ways and Means, Energy andCommerce, Education and the Workforce, and Budget.

H.R. 4435 (Gordon)

The bill would establish an Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) at DOE. The goal of ARPA-E would be to reduce U.S. energy imports by 20% during the next 10 years byaccelerating innovation and commercial development of traditional energy, alternative energy, andenergy efficiency systems. The program would establish competitive grants and employ means forrecouping the federal share of each project. A total of $3.4 billion would be authorized fromFY2007 through FY2010. Introduced December 6, 2005; referred to Committee on Science.

H.R. 4449 (Pallone)

Consumer Energy Assistance and Fairness Act of 2005. Section 3 would establish a $1,000tax credit for a "qualified fuel-efficient vehicle," which includes cars and trucks (under 7,500pounds) that have a fuel economy rating of at least 30 miles per hour (mph). The credit could becarried forward for one year. The provision would be in effect from the time of enactment throughthe end of calendar year 2008. Introduced December 6, 2005; referred to Committees on Ways andMeans, Energy and Commerce, and Education and the Workforce.

H.R. 4458 (Emanuel)

American Hybrid Tax Credit Act of 2005. Section 2 would increase by $3,000, to amaximum of $6,000, the tax credit for alternative motor vehicles (qualified fuel cell vehicles,advanced lean-burn technology motor vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and alternative fuel motor vehicles)which are assembled in the United States. The credit would be in effect through the end of calendaryear 2009, except that it would be in effect through the end of 2010 for lean-burn vehicles. Section3 would double (from 20% to 40%) the tax credit available to small businesses (gross receipts under$5 million per year) for increasing U.S.-based research on alternative motor vehicle technology. This credit would be refundable for certain small businesses. Introduced December 7, 2005; referredto Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 4609 (A. Smith)

High Performance Buildings Act of 2005. Section 2 would encourage HUD to employenergy efficiency in affordable housing. Section 3 would establish a matching grant program atHUD to support energy efficiency training, education, and implementation for nonprofit communitydevelopment organizations. Section 4 would create a Sustainable Building Institute at the NationalScience Foundation that would support research on energy efficiency, renewable energy, and othermeasures for buildings. Introduced December 16, 2005; referred to Committees on FinancialServices and Science.

H.R. 4623 (M. Kennedy)

Clean Alternatives for Energy Independence Act of 2005. Section 3 would increase the taxcredit for investment in residential and business fuel cells ( P.L. 109-58 , Â§1335 and Â§1336) from $500to $1,000, and its period of eligibility would be extended for five years, through the end of 2012. Section 4 would double the tax credit (alternative motor vehicle tax credit.) for investment in fuelcell motor vehicles and would extend the period of credit availability for five years, through the endof 2019. Also, the tax credit for advanced lean-burn technology motor vehicles would be doubled. Further, it would double the number of hybrid and advanced lean-burn technology vehicles eligiblefor the alternative motor vehicle tax credit. The period of eligibility for the alternative fuel vehiclerefueling property credit would be extended for hydrogen-related property for five years, throughthe end of 2019, and for two years, through 2011, for other fuel-related property. IntroducedDecember 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 4640 (Gerlach)

Future Fuels Act. Section 101 would establish an investment tax credit for the manufactureof advanced technology (hybrid and lean-burn) motor vehicles capped at 33% of the company'sinvestment for a taxable year. The total amount of credits would be limited to $200 million per year. The period of eligibility for the credits would sunset at the end of 2015. Section 201 would modifythe fuel economy credits for dual fuel vehicles, starting in 2007. Section 202 would requiremanufacturers to produce a minimum share of alternative fuel or flexible fuel vehicles, starting with10% in 2009 and rising to 50% in 2012. Section 301 would require DOT to report to Congress everytwo years on the findings from studies of potential oil savings for highway congestion tolls andcash-out parking. Section 302 would direct DOT to create a program of incentives to insurancecompanies to sell automobile insurance policies that are based on driving mileage (per-mile basis). Section 303 would require DOT to establish Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) corridors inurban areas. Funding of $500 million per year would be authorized for grants to state and localgovernments to support transit, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities. Section 304 would direct DOT toestablish fuel economy standards for tires used by passenger cars and light trucks. IntroducedDecember 18, 2005; referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, andTransportation and Infrastructure. Passed House December 19.

H.R. 4672 (Granger)

Idling Reduction Tax Credit Act of 2006. This bill would establish a business investmenttax credit for 25% of the cost (capped at $1,000) of a qualifying idling reduction device. A"qualifying idling reduction device" is defined as any device that is (1) installed on a heavy-duty,diesel-powered on-highway vehicle to provide services that would otherwise require the operationof the main drive engine while the vehicle is temporarily parked or stationary and (2) certified byDOE to reduce long-duration idling. DOE would be directed to publish standards for certifying suchdevices. Introduced January 31, 2006; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 4673 (Markey)

Fuel Security and Consumer Choice Act. The bill would require that an increasingpercentage of new automobiles be dual-fueled automobiles, and it would revise the method forcalculating corporate average fuel economy for such vehicles. Introduced January 31, 2006; referredto Committees on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 4716 (Cole)

Home and Farm Wind Energy Systems Act of 2006. This bill would provide a 30%investment tax credit for individuals and businesses to install small wind energy property. Introduced February 8, 2006; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 4756 (Butterfield)/ S. 2309 (Harkin)

This bill would limit the application of the agricultural biodiesel fuel tax credit to certain oilsproduced from plants and animals. House bill introduced February 15, 2006; referred to Committeeon Ways and Means. Senate bill introduced February 16, 2006; referred to Committee on Finance.

H.R. 4761 (Jindal)

Deep Ocean Energy Resources Act of 2006. Regarding the use of revenue generated fromOCS leasing activities, Section 9(f) (G) would allow the funds to be used for alternative energydevelopment, including biofuels, geothermal, geopressure, wind, waves, currents, hydro, and otherrenewable energy; and Section 9(f) (H) would allow the funds to be used for energy efficiency andconservation programs. Also, the bill would direct that 1/3 of the National Geo Fund be transferredto the Department of Interior for a variety of uses; and Section 26 (h) would direct that these usesmay include grants for renewable energy development. Introduced February 15, 2006; referred toCommittee on Energy and Commerce. Reported ( H.Rept. 109-531 ) June 26. H.Amdt. 1174 was approved on the floor, increasing the amount available for renewable ocena energygeneration from $6 million to $20 million. Passed House, amended, June 29. Received in theSenate July 10.

H.R. 4774 (Upton)

This bill would amend the Clean Air Act to require that after the year 2012, all gasolinecontain not less than 10% renewable fuel. Introduced February 16, 2006; referred to Committee onEnergy and Commerce.

H.R. 4822 (Sessions)

Torchiere Lighting Efficiency Standards and Technology Development Act of 2006. Thisbill would amend the Energy Policy and Conservation Act to extend from January 1, 2006, toOctober 1, 2006, the manufacturing deadline by which torchieres must meet a standard of amaximum of 190 watts of power. Introduced February 28, 2006; referred to Committee on Energyand Commerce.

H.R. 4856 (Bean)

Energy Star Homes Act of 2006. This bill would allow homeowners a $10,000 tax credit forthe purchase of an energy star qualified home, a home meeting certain energy saving requirementsestablished by the Environmental Protection Agency. The credit would end after calendar year 2008. Introduced March 2, 2006; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 4897 (M. Udall)

Renewable Energy Systems and Energy Efficiency Improvements Program Act of 2006. Thebill would reauthorize this Department of Agriculture program through FY2011 and would increasethe annual level of Commodity Credit Corporation funding for that program. The bill wouldauthorize $46 million annually, for FY2007 through FY2011. Introduced March 7, 2006; referredto Committee on Agriculture.

H.R. 4898 (Woolsey)

Common Sense Budget Act of 2006. Section 3(a) of this bill proposes several major fundingreductions to certain defense-related programs at the Department of Defense and DOE; and Section3(b)(4) proposes that $10 billion from those reductions be reallocated to DOE programs for energyefficiency and renewable energy. Introduced March 8, 2006; referred to Committees on ArmedServices, Energy and Commerce, Education and the Workforce, Homeland Security, andInternational Relations.

H.R. 4906 (Ford)

Twenty-first Century Innovation Act. Section 10 of the bill would create an AdvancedResearch Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) in DOE. Through energy efficiency innovations andother means, the goal of this agency would be to reduce imports of foreign energy by 50% within 10years. Annual authorizations totaling nearly $3.4 billion over FY2007 through FY2012 would bedesignated a fund for ARPA-E. An evaluation of the agency's performance would be required after4Â½ years of operation. Introduced March 8, 2006; referred to Committees on Science, Educationand the Workforce, and Judiciary.

H.R. 4990 (Israel)

Local Clean Energy Initiative Act of 2006. The bill would encourage local governments toestablish a "Clean Energy Bond Act" to fund certain renewable energy and energy efficiencyprojects. DOE would be required to provide a 20% match to local governments for projects thatqualify under these Acts. An authorization of $10 million per year would be provided for FY2007through FY2011. Introduced March 16, 2006; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 5010 (Wilson)

Renewable Energy Credit Extension Act of 2006. The bill would extend the renewableenergy production tax credit (PTC) for five years, from the end of 2007 through the end of 2012. Introduced March 16, 2006; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 5019 (Walden)

Wallowa Lake Dam Rehabilitation Act. Authorizes $6 million for dam rehabilitation. Introduced March 28, 2006; referred to Committee on Resources.

H.R. 5049 (T. Udall)

Keep America Competitive Global Warming Policy Act of 2006. The bill would establisha market-based system to regulate greenhouse gas emissions and would establish an office(ARPA-E) at DOE to promote advanced energy research and technology development anddeployment. Introduced March 29, 2006; referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce,Science, International Relations, and Education and the Workforce.

H.R. 5068 (Pryce)

Export-Import (Ex-Im) Bank Reauthorization Act of 2006. Section 10 of the bill wouldrequire an annual competitiveness report to Congress that includes a description of the Bank's effortsto promote exports of goods and services related to renewable energy sources. Introduced March30, 2006; referred to Committee on Financial Services.

H.R. 5122 (Hunter)/ S. 2766 (Warner)

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007. Section 2403 would authorize upto $60 million for energy conservation projects. Also, four Senate floor amendments were approvedthat add further energy efficiency and renewable energy provisions. First, S.Amdt. 4222 , would require DOE to consider using fuel cells as back-up power systems. Second, S.Amdt. 4357 would create a new Section 2828 that sets a goal for the Department ofDefense to acquire 25% of its electric energy from renewable energy sources by the year 2025. Third, S.Amdt. 4532 would require a DOD report on the use of alternative fuels. Fourth, S.Amdt. 4535 would require energy efficiency measures in new construction. In House, Committee on Armed Services reported ( H.Rept. 109-452 ) May 5, 2006. Passed House,amended, May 11. In Senate, Committee on Armed Services reported ( S.Rept. 109-254 ) May 9,2006. Passed Senate, amended, June 22. S. 2766 incorporated into H.R. 5122 as an amendment in the nature of a substitute.

H.R. 5127 (Beauprez)

Beginning with FY2007, this bill would prohibit DOE from obligating funds forappropriation earmarks in the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy program. Introduced April6, 2006; referred to Committees on Science and Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 5137 (Hastings)

Workforce Housing Act of 2006. Section 6 would enable local governments to increase theshare of federal grant funds applied to the development cost of housing in order to support energyefficiency measures that are compliant with EPA Energy Star criteria. Introduced April 6, 2006;referred to Committees on Ways and Means and Financial Services.

H.R. 5143 (Inglis)

H-Prize Act of 2006. This bill would direct DOE to competitively award cash prizes toadvance the research, development, demonstration, and commercial application of hydrogen energytechnologies. It would authorize a total of $50 million for cash prizes from FY2007 throughFY2016. Introduced April 6, 2006; referred to Committee on Science. Hearing held April 27. Reported ( H.Rept. 109-456 ) May 9. Passed House, amended, May 10. In Senate, referred toCommittee on Energy and Natural Resources.

H.R. 5163 (M. Udall)

Federal and Small Business Telework Promotion Act of 2006. The bill would require eachfederal agency to reduce the fuel consumed by vehicles of employees (other than fuel for militarypurposes) by 10% or more within one year of enactment. Specifies that the methods used to achievesuch reduction shall include telework and carpooling. Further, the bill directs the Small BusinessAdministration (SBA) to conduct, in not more than five of the SBA's regions, a pilot program to raiseawareness about telework among small business employers and to encourage such employers to offertelework options to employees. It requires that SBA make special efforts to reach businesses ownedby, or employing, individuals with disabilities, including disabled American veterans and agencies,groups, or organizations that aid such individuals. The program would end after two years. Introduced April 6, 2006; referred to Committees on Small Business and Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 5170 (Shadegg)

Ethanol Tax Relief Act of 2006. This bill would eliminate the import tariff on foreignethanol. Introduced April 25, 2006; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 5206 (Hayworth)/ S. 2677 (Smith)

Securing America's Energy Independence Act of 2006. Section 2 of this bill would extendthe business investment tax credit for solar energy property (Â§1336 of P.L. 109-58 ) through 2016 andfor qualified fuel cell property (Â§1337 of P.L. 109-58 ) through 2015. Section 3 would extend theresidential investment tax credit (Â§1335 of P.L. 109-58 ) for solar energy property through 2015. House bill introduced April 26, 2006; referred to Committee on Ways and Means. Senate billintroduced April 27, 2006; referred to Committee on Finance.

H.R. 5208 (Nussle)

Independence from Oil with Agriculture (IOWA) Act of 2006. Section 2 of this bill wouldmake permanent the excise tax provisions and income tax credit for biodiesel and ethanol fuels. Section 3 would make permanent the renewable energy production tax credit for wind, closed-loopbiomass, and open-loop biomass. Section 4 would make permanent the investment tax credit forclean fuel vehicle refueling property. Section 5 would increase the targets for the Renewable FuelStandard (Â§1501 of P.L. 109-58 ) for several years, reaching 12 billion gallons by 2012. IntroducedApril 26, 2006; referred to Committees on Ways and Means and Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 5239 (McHugh)

Alternative Vehicle Incentive Act of 2006. This bill would increase to $5,000 the maximumvalue of the consumer investment tax credit for alternative motor vehicles assembled in the UnitedStates. This credit applies to fuel cell, lean-burn technology, and hybrid vehicles. Introduced April27, 2006; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 5251 (H. Wilson)

Fuel Efficient Vehicle Tax Incentive Act of 2006. Section 2 of this bill would allowalternative fuel vehicles the same depreciation limit as electric passenger cars. Section 3 wouldapply the depreciation limit of certain luxury vehicles to sport utility vehicles (SUVs); light truckswould not be treated as passenger vehicles. Introduced April 27, 2006; referred to Committee onWays and Means.

H.R. 5259 (Berry)

Biobased Fuel Action Plan Act of 2006. This bill would direct the Biomass R&D Board tosubmit a report to Congress, within one year of enactment, that contains an action plan withstrategies for biobased fuels to supply 10% of national ground transportation fuel demand by 2015and 20% by 2020. Introduced May 2, 2006; referred to Committees on Agriculture and Science.

H.R. 5261 (Bradley)

Ethanol Import Fairness Act of 2006. This bill would eliminate the 54 cents/gallon importduty on ethanol. Introduced May 2, 2006; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 5296 (L. Davis)

Renewable Energy Enhancement Act of 2006. Section 2 of this bill would extend the 30%business investment tax credit for fuel cells and microturbines through 2015. Section 3 wouldextend the residential energy efficiency tax credit through 2015 and increase the solar credit cap to$5,000. Section 4(a) would extend the tax credit for nonbusiness geothermal heat pumps through2015. Section 4(b) would extend the renewable energy production tax credit for geothermal energyproduction through 2016. Introduced May 4, 2006; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 5301 (Israel)

Clean Energy Partnership Act of 2006. Section 2 of this bill would direct DOE to providegrants to local governments and school districts covering up to 20% of the costs they incur inimplementing clean energy projects funded by project-specific comprehensive clean energy plansto adopt cleaner or more efficient energy technologies in their buildings and vehicle fleets. Further,it would require DOE to give preference to local governments and school districts that demonstratea prior commitment to environmental conservation and will engage in the full range of clean energyprojects, including energy conservation measures, the use of alternative and renewable energysources, and clean energy infrastructure development. Section 3 would authorize $10 million peryear for FY2007 through FY2011. Introduced May 4, 2006; referred to Committees on Energy andCommerce and Education and the Workforce.

H.R. 5317 (Hayes)

E-85 Investment Act of 2006. Through 2012, this bill would increase the investment taxcredit for alternative fuel vehicle refueling property for E-85 to 75%, not to exceed $30,000. Thecredit would be reduced by 25% in 2013, 50% in 2014, and would be terminated at the end of 2016. Introduced May 9, 2006; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 5331 (Pomeroy)

Breaking Our Long-Term Dependence (BOLD) Energy Act of 2006. This omnibus energybill is focused mainly on renewable energy and energy efficiency. It has six titles. Title I on VehicleFuel Economy includes an auto fuel efficiency rebate, lightweight materials R&D program, tireefficiency program, and idling reduction tax credit. Title II on Alternative Fuel Vehicles includesan incentive for advanced technology vehicles, a new vehicle R&D program, consumer incentivesto purchase advanced technology vehicles, and extension of full credit for electric vehicles. TitleIII on Alternative Fuels includes provisions for biofuels and bioenergy, an increase in the renewablefuel standard (RFS), requirements for fuels derived from cellulosic biomass and sugar, an ethanolpromotion program, a renewable fuel program for the diesel motor pool, extension and modificationof income and excise tax credits for renewable fuels, diversification of a domestic refinery, transitionto hydrogen economy, modification and extension of the alternative vehicle refueling property credit,use of native grasses on conservation reserve land for biomass harvesting, and use of CAFE penaltiesto fund alternative fueling infrastructure. Title V on Electricity and Renewables includes provisionsto extend the renewable energy production tax credit, establish a renewable energy portfolio standard(RPS), extend and expand clean renewable energy bonds, create a tax credit for wind equipment atresidences and businesses, and an extension of the tax credit for residential energy efficient property. Title VI on Energy Efficiency includes provisions to extend the tax credit for combined heat andpower system property, extend the tax credit for new energy efficient homes, modify and extend thetax deduction for energy efficient commercial buildings, and extend the tax credit for nonbusinessenergy property. Introduced May 9, 2006; referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Waysand Means, Agriculture, Resources, and Science.

H.R. 5338 (Cleaver)

Congress Leads by Example through Alt-fuel Resources (CLEAR) Act. This bill wouldprohibit the use of amounts in a Members' Representational Allowance to provide any vehicle thatdoes not use alternative fuels. Qualifying vehicles would include a vehicle treated as an alternativefuels vehicle by the General Services Administration (GSA), any other vehicle powered byalternative fuel or synthetic fuel, and any other vehicle powered in whole or in part by a flexible-fueloperating system, a bio-fuel operating system, an electrical operating system, or a hybrid-electricaloperating. Introduced May 10, 2006; referred to Committee on House Administration.

H.R. 5346 (Jerry Moran)/ S. 2613 (Thune)

Alternative Energy Refueling System Act of 2006. This bill would direct EPA to create atrust fund that reimburses service station owners for the cost to install a storage tank and supportingequipment for E-85, CNG, or other alternative fuels. The reimbursement would be limited to thelesser of 30% or $30,000 of the cost. House bill introduced May 10, 2006; referred to Committeeon Energy and Commerce. Senate bill introduced April 7, 2006; referred to Committee onEnvironment and Public Works.

H.R. 5359 (Barton)

Fuel Economy Standards Act. Section 1 of this bill would authorize the Secretary ofTransportation to set fuel economy standards for passenger automobiles based on one or morevehicle attributes, starting in calendar year 2009. Section 2 would require the National HighwayTraffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to conduct a study on the requirement of separate fueleconomy calculations for automobiles manufactured domestically and not domestically. The studywould include impacts on employment and fuel economy. Introduced May 11, 2006; referred toCommittee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 5370 (Fortenberry)

Fuel Economy Standards Act. This bill would raise the Renewable Fuel Standard to 15billion gallons of renewable fuel by the year 2012. Introduced May 11, 2006; referred to Committeeon Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 5372 (Herseth)

Bioenergy Innovation, Optional Fuel Utilization, and Energy Legacy (BIOFUEL) Act of2006. This bill would increase the use of domestically produced, renewable, biobased motor vehiclefuel supplies and increase the manufacture of flexible-fuel vehicles. Section 101 would setvolumetric standards for refineries, blenders, distributors, and importers for renewable fuels (20%by 2015); fuels derived from cellulosic biomass (30% by 2015); and biodiesel (15% by 2015); it alsowould create tradable credits for those that exceed the standards. Section 102 requires manufacturersto produce a minimum percentage of dual-fueled vehicles, starting with 10% in 2008 and rising to75% by 2013. Section 103 would direct DOE to report on market penetration of flexible fuelvehicles and, in regions that exceed 15% penetration, require the installation of E-85 fuel pumps atretail stations. Section 104 would establish an Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Fund and GrantProgram. Section 105 would require the Department of Agriculture (USDA) to establish a renewableenergy reserve program. Section 106 would reauthorize the USDA bioenergy program through 2016. Section 107 would create a farm-based energy financing program. Section 108 would authorizebanks for cooperatives to finance renewable fuel manufacturing by agricultural cooperatives. Section 201 would extend tax credits for ethanol and biodiesel for several years. Section 202 wouldincrease the incentives for ethanol and biodiesel refueling property. Section 203 would increase andextend the small ethanol producer credit. Section 204 would establish infrastructure bonds forfacilities producing motor vehicle fuels derived from biomass. Introduced May 11, 2006; referredto Committees on Energy, Agriculture, Science, and Ways and Means.

H.R. 5375 (Lungren)

New Options Petroleum Energy Conservation Act of 2006. Section 2 would create a taxcredit for "climate neutral" combustion resources. Section 3 would extend the solar businessinvestment tax credit for four years (end of 2012). Section 4 would extend the residential solarinvestment tax credit for four years (end of 2011). Section 5 would authorize DOE to give a $1billion prize to the first manufacturer that produces 60,000 cars that achieve 100 miles per gallon. Section 7 creates a tax deduction for expensing property used in refining ethanol, methanol, andbiodiesel. This bill would raise the Renewable Fuel Standard to 15 billion gallons of renewable fuelby the year 2012. Introduced May 11, 2006; referred to Committees on Ways and Means, Science,and Energy and Commerce.

H.R 5384 (Bennett)

Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug, Administration, and Related AgenciesAppropriations Bill, 2007. Under Title III, Rural Development Programs, the bill would providefunding for the USDA Renewable Energy Program. The House approved $23 million and the SenateAppropriations Committee recommends $25 million. Mandatory funding for a number of otherrenewable energy programs was included in the House-passed bill and the Senate panel'srecommendations. Also, the Senate report language (p. 113) includes earmark recommendations. House Committee on Appropriations reported ( H.Rept. 109-463 ) May 12, 2006, and reported PartII on May 16. Passed House, amended, May 23. Senate Committee on Appropriations reported( S.Rept. 109-266 ) June 22.

H.R. 5386 (C. Taylor)

Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2007. The House Committee on Appropriations reported ( H.Rept. 109-465 ) May 15, 2006; recommendingzero funding for EPA to support the Asia Pacific Partnership and $109.4 million for the EPAClimate Protection Program (CPP). CPP primarily supports energy efficiency deployment intransportation, buildings, and industry sectors. In House floor action, H.Amdt. 840 wasadopted, adding $1.8 million to the CPP Energy Star Program. Also, H.Amdt. 849 wasadopted, prohibiting use of the bill's appropriations in contravention of building energy efficiencyperformance requirements set by Executive Order 13123. Passed House, amended, May 18. TheSenate Committee on Appropriations reported ( S.Rept. 109-275 ) June 29, 2006; recommending$105.8 million.

H.R. 5395 (Israel)

Energy Freedom Bonds Act of 2006. The bill would authorize the Department of theTreasury to issue bonds that support R&D or deployment of technologies that use solar heat, solarlight, wind, geothermal energy, and biomass, except for systems that generate heat from the burningof municipal solid waste and from certain types of dry steam geothermal reservoirs. Introduced May16, 2006; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 5398 (Salazar)

USA Fuels Act of 2006. The bill would exclude from the definition of renewable fuel anyfuel that is imported or derived from any matter that is imported. Introduced May 16, 2006; referredto Committee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 5402 (Conaway)

The bill would establish a partnership between DOE and appropriate industry groups for thecreation of a transportation fuel conservation education campaign. Introduced May 17, 2006;referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce and Education and the Workforce.

H.R. 5427 (Hobson)

Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2007. The bill would appropriatefunding for DOE's energy efficiency and renewable energy programs. House Committee reported( H.Rept. 109-474 ) with amendments May 19. Amended on the floor: H.Amdt. 915 adds $49.5 million (from offsets) to the State Energy Program, H.Amdt. 916 adds $5million to the Geothermal Program, H.Amdt. 926 prohibits the use of funds incontravention of a previous requirement ( P.L. 102-486 ) that federal agencies acquire alternativefueled vehicles, and H.Amdt. 963 prohibits the use of funds in contravention of aprevious requirement (Executive Order 13123) that federal buildings meet certain performancestandards. House Passed, amended, May 24. Senate Committee on Appropriations reported ( S.Rept.109-274 ) June 29.

H.R. 5431 (Boswell)

The bill would extend the tariff duties on ethanol for three years, through the end of 2010. Introduced May 19, 2006; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 5441 (Rogers)

The bill would extend the tariff duties on ethanol for three years, through the end of 2010. Introduced May 19, 2006; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 5478 (Hall)

The bill would clarify the congressional intent regarding federal preemption under the EnergyPolicy and Conservation Act with respect to energy conservation for consumer products. IntroducedMay 25, 2006; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 5509 (Nunes)

The bill would clarify the tax credit for electricity produced from open-loop biomass. Introduced May 19, 2006; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 5521 (Jerry Lewis)

Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2007. Section 209 would require that future vehiclespurchased by the legislative branch be able to use E85 fuel, a mix of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. With the given increase in demand for E85 fuel, the Architect of the Capitol is also to install an E85fuel pump on the Capitol Complex for government vehicles. The Energy Policy Act of 2005authorizes this provision by requiring the Capitol Complex to used bio-based fuels such as ethanolto the extent possible. House Committee on Appropriations reported ( H.Rept. 109-485 ) June 1,2006. Passed House June 7. Senate Committee on Appropriations reported ( S.Rept. 109-267 ) June22, 2006.

H.R 5522 (McConnell)

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2007. In the Senate version of the bill, under Title III, Bilateral Economic Assistance, the program forDevelopment Assistance would include three types of support for renewable energy. First, theprogram for Energy, Biodiversity, and the Environment would, according to the Committee report(p. 65), provide $180 million "to support policies and programs in developing countries that promoteenergy efficiency, renewable energy, and cleaner energy technologies ..." Also, $3 million wouldbe provided for the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) partnership with DOE forthe hydropower Clean Energy Technology Exports Initiative (CETEI). Second, under the USAIDDevelopment Assistance program, about $160 million would be provided (p. 59-60) for Energy,Biodiversity, and Other Environment programs for Africa ($73 million), East Asia/Pacific ($28million), Near East ($2 million), South Asia ($18 million), and Western Hemisphere ($52 million). Third, under Other Bilateral Economic Assistance, the bill would provide $26 million for the AsiaPacific Partnership, and further specifies (p. 73) that the "... Partnership activities will be coordinatedwith existing efforts to promote clean energy export and market development initiatives." HouseCommittee on Appropriations reported ( H.Rept. 109-486 ) June 5, 2006, with amendments. PassedHouse, amended, June 9. Senate Committee on Appropriations reported ( S.Rept. 109-277 ) July 10.

H.R. 5531 (Israel)

The bill would require federal agencies to acquire at least 50,000 plug-in hybrid electricvehicles. Introduced June 6, 2006; referred to Committee on Government Reform.

H.R. 5534 (Rogers)

The bill would establish a grant program (up to $30,000) wherein funds collected fromviolations of the corporate average fuel economy program would be used to expand infrastructureneed for alternative fuels. Introduced June 6, 2006; referred to Committee on Energy andCommerce. Reported ( H.Rept. 109-535 ) June 28. Passed House July 24.

H.R. 5538 (L. Smith)

Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Act of 2006. The bill would direct DOE to conduct R&Dand a competitive grant pilot demonstration program. Authorizes a total of $300 million for FY2007through FY2011. Introduced June 7, 2006; referred to Committee on Science.

H.R. 5576 (Nunes)

Transportation-Treasury-HUD-Judiciary-D.C Appropriations Act for FY2007. Sections 946and 947 would prohibit the use of funds appropriated under this bill in contravention of certainexisting energy-efficiency related provisions affecting federal agencies. Committee onAppropriations reported ( H.Rept. 109-495 ) June 9, 2006. Passed House, amended, June 14.

H.R. 5579 (Markey)

No Special Tax Subsidies for Gas Guzzlers Act of 2006. The bill would include heaviervehicles and sport utility vehicles in the limitation on the depreciation of certain luxury automobilesand impose the gas guzzler tax on such vehicles. Introduced June 9, 2006; referred to Committeeon Ways and Means.

H.R. 5580 (Wilson)

United States-India Energy Security Cooperation Act of 2006. The bill would promoteglobal energy security through increased cooperation between the United States and India indiversifying sources of energy, stimulating development of alternative fuels, and improving energyefficiency. Introduced June 9, 2006; referred to Committee on International Relations.

H.R. 5592 (Weller)

Growing Responsible Energy and Environment Nationally through Federal Energy DecisionsAct of 2006. The bill would direct the head of each federal agency to ensure that, in areas in whichethanol-blended gasoline is reasonably available at a generally competitive price, the agencypurchases ethanol-blended gasoline containing at least 10% ethanol rather than nonethanol-blendedgasoline, for use in agency vehicles that otherwise use gasoline. Introduced June 13, 2006; referredto Committee on Government Reform.

H.R. 5594 (L. Smith)

Solar Utilization Now Demonstration Act of 2006 SUN Act of 2006. The bill would directDOE to establish a photovoltaic demonstration program. Authorizes $50 million in FY2007,growing annually to $300 million in FY2011. Introduced June 13, 2006; referred to Committee onScience.

H.R. 5611 (Conway)

Fuel Consumption Education Act. The bill would create a partnership between DOE andappropriate industry groups to establish a transportation fuel conservation education campaign. Introduced June 14, 2006; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce. Ordered reported June20.

H.R. 5631 (Young)

Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2007. In the House bill, Title II (Operation andMaintenance, DOD-wide) would provide $6.3 million to the Office of the Secretary of Defense(OSD) to install a wind energy demonstration project at an Air Force base and to execute therenewable energy purchasing plan. In the Senate report (p. 58), under Title II, Defense-WideOperation and Maintenance, the Senate Appropriations Committee "urges the Department ofDefense to utilize Energy Savings Performance Contracting whenever possible to upgrade facilitiesand retain base operating funding. The Committee further urges the Department to incorporate thehighest energy efficiency standards possible into the renovation and construction of DOD Facilities." Further, under Title III (p. 81) provisions for Army Aircraft Procurement, the Senate panel notes that"the Secretary of Defense has commissioned an Energy Efficiency Task Force focused on increasingefficiencies among weapon systems." Also, the report lists several earmark projects for energyefficiency and renewable energy. House Committee on Appropriations reported ( H.Rept. 109-504 )June 16, 2006. Passed House, amended, June 20. Senate Committee on Appropriations reported( S.Rept. 109-292 ) July 25.

H.R. 5632 (Shimkus)

The bill would establish a national tire fuel efficiency consumer information program. Introduced June 16, 2006; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce. Ordered reported June20.

H.R. 5633 (Biggert)

Energy Efficient Buildings Act of 2006. The bill would establish a program fordemonstration and commercial application of advanced energy efficiency technologies and systemsfor buildings. Includes a pilot grant program authorized $10 million per year for FY2008 throughFY2012. Introduced June 16, 2006; referred to Committee on Science.

H.R. 5634 (Biggert)

Advanced Energy Initiative Act of 2006. The bill would authorize R&D, demonstration, andcommercial application activities for advanced energy technologies. Authorizes about $1 billionover FY2007 through FY2010 for energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies. IntroducedJune 16, 2006; referred to Committee on Science.

H.R. 5642 (Waxman)

Safe Climate Act of 2006. The bill includes provisions that would set greenhouse gasemission standards for cars (Â§3), a national renewable energy portfolio standard reaching 20% by2020 (Â§4), and a national energy efficiency standard for retail suppliers of electricity and natural gas. Introduced June 20, 2006; referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce and InternationalRelations.

H.R. 5643 (Biggert)

Energy Technology Transfer Act. The bill would authorize the commercial application andtransfer of technologies developed by DOE. Specifically, it would create a program to awardcompetitive, merit-reviewed grants to Cooperative Extension services or offices, States, localgovernments, institutions of higher education, and nonprofit institutions with expertise in energyresearch or extension, or consortia thereof, to conduct activities to transfer knowledge andinformation about advanced energy technologies that increase efficiency of energy use, especiallythose developed at the National Laboratories and by DOE, to individuals, businesses, nonprofitentities, and public entities, including local governments and school districts. Introduced June 20,2006; referred to Committee on Science.

H.R. 5644 (McCaul)

Green Energy Education Act of 2006. The bill would authorize higher education curriculumdevelopment and graduate training (especially in engineering and architecture) in advanced energyand green building technologies. Introduced June 20, 2006; referred to Committee on Science.

H.R. 5646 (Mike Rogers, MI)/ S. 3684 (Allen)

The bill would require the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to conduct a study ofenergy consumption at computer centers operated by the federal government and private entities. Thestudy would include a review and analysis of cost saving measures and recommendations foradopting energy efficient computer centers. House bill introduced June 20, 2006; referred toCommittee on Energy and Commerce. Reported ( H.Rept. 109-538 ) June 28. Passed House July 12. Senate bill introduced July 18; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

H.R. 5650 (Hulshof)

Renewable Fuels and Energy Independence Promotion Act of 2006. The bill would makepermanent certain tax incentives for ethanol and biodiesel fuels. Introduced June 20, 2006; referredto Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 5653 (Ron Lewis)

Investment in Energy Independence Act of 2006. The bill would promote investment intechnology to convert biomass to liquid fuels. Specifically, it would expand and extend thealternative fuel credit (Â§4), expand expensing for alternative fuel refineries (Â§7), and provideexpensing to convert other facilities to ethanol production. Introduced June 20, 2006; referred toCommittee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 5656 (Biggert)

Energy Research, Development, Demonstration, and Commercial Application Act of 2006. The bill would establish funding authorizations for a broad range of renewable energy and energyefficiency programs at DOE. It includes language from H.R. 5594 , Solar UtilizationNow (SUN) Demonstration Act; H.R. 5633 , Energy Efficient Buildings Act; H.R. 5634 , Advanced Energy Initiative Act of 2006; H.R. 5538 , Plug-InHybrid Electric Vehicle Act; H.R. 5643 , Energy Technology Transfer Act; and H.R. 5644 , Green Energy Education Act of 2006. Also, Section 15 would require theNational Academy of Sciences to study and refine its recommendation to create an AdvancedResearch Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) at DOE. Introduced June 21, 2006; referred toCommittee on Science. Reported ( H.Rept. 109-611 ) July 28.

H.R. 5662 (Fitzpatrick)

Reduce Individuals' Dependence on Energy Act of 2006. The bill would provide a taxdeduction for certain mass public transportation expenses. Introduced June 21, 2006; referred toCommittee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 5672 (Wolfe)

Science, State, Justice, Commerce, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2007. Reported in House ( H.Rept. 109-250 ) June 28, 2006. Section 627of the House bill prohibits fundsin this act from being used in contravention of law and executive order regarding energy efficiencyof Federal buildings. Also, H.Amdt. 1142 was approved on the floor, and it wouldprohibit the use of funds in contravention of section 303 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, whichrequires that alternative fueled vehicles be acquired for the Federal fleet. Passed House, amended,June 29. Reported in Senate ( S.Rept. 109-280 ) July 13.

H.R. 5700 (Blunt)

Boutique Fuel Reduction Act of 2006. The bill would empower EPA to remove a fuel fromthe list of qualified boutique fuels if it is determined that such fuel has ceased to be included in anystate implementation plan or is identical to a federal fuel control or prohibition. Introduced June 28,2006; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 5703 (Meehan)

Green Vehicles Promotion Act of 2006. The bill would provide tax credits through 2010 forthe purchase of a qualified flexible fuel motor vehicle and for the converting a vehicle into aqualified flexible fuel motor vehicle. Defines "qualified flexible fuel vehicle" to include a vehicleusing fuel with an 85% ethanol content. In the Department of the Treasury, it would establish theAlternative Fueling Infrastructure Trust Fund provide grants to construct and operate alternative fuelrefueling stations. Defines "alternative fuels" to include those with 85% ethanol content (E85),hydrogen, and biodiesel mixtures. Directs the Department of Transportation to remit 90% of thecivil penalties collected for violations of automobile fuel economy standards to the Trust Fund. Introduced June 28, 2006; referred to Committees on Ways and Means and on Energy andCommerce.

H.R. 5756 (Beauprez)

Colorado Emergency Wildfire and Insect Infestations Response Act of 2006. The bill wouldclean up hazardous wood fuel in forests. Section 5 would extend the renewable electricityproduction tax credit (PTC) for biomass for two years, through the end of 2009; and it wouldincrease the amount from half to full credit. Introduced July 11, 2006; referred to Committees onAgriculture, Resources, and Ways and Means.

H.R. 5809 (Hart)

Energy Efficient Buildings Act of 2006. The bill would increase the tax deduction for energyefficient commercial building costs (EPACT, Â§1331), and extend the deduction from the end of 2007to the end of 2010. Introduced July 17, 2006; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 5856 (DeLauro)

The bill would allow an agricultural producer cooperative to allocate among its patrons thetax credit for alternative fuel vehicle refueling property expenditures. Introduced July 20, 2006;referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 5890 (Nunes)

American-Made Energy Freedom Act of 2006. Section 101 would increase the tax creditsfor cellulosic biomass ethanol, Section 102 would extend tax incentives for solar and fuel cellproperty, and Section 103 would extend and modify the credit for residential energy efficiencymeasures. Introduced July 26, 2006; referred to Committees on Ways and Means, Resources, Energyand Commerce, and Science.

H.R. 5904 (Matheson)/S. 3719 (Reid)

Renewable Schools Energy Act of 2006. The bill would create a renewable energy bondprogram that enables public school districts to receive zero interest loans for purchasing of renewableenergy systems. The bill authorizes $50 million for 2007, $100 million for 2008, and $150 millionfor 2009. House bill introduced July 26, 2006; referred to Committee on Ways and Means. Senatebill introduced July 24, 2006; referred to Committee on Finance.

H.R. 5925 (Bartlett)

The bill would direct DOE to have the National Academy of Sciences prepare a report withrecommendations for the development of "self-powered" farms that are net producers of both foodand energy. The recommendations would include strategies for DOE R&D, demonstration, andcommercial application activities -- including a low cost revolving loan program. The bill authorizes$75 million per year over five years. Introduced July 27, 2006; referred to Committees on Scienceand Agriculture.

H.R. 5926 (Berkley)

Freedom through Renewable Energy Expansion (FREE) Act. The bill would increase CAFEfor cars to 33 mpg by 2015 (Â§6); extend the renewable energy production tax credit four years, to theend of 2011 (Â§7); extend the investment tax credit for solar, fuel cells, and geothermal eight years,to the end of 2016 (Â§8-9); create a 30% residential tax credit for wind (Â§10); establish a renewableenergy portfolio standard that would grow to 20% by 2015 (Â§12); increase the federal agencyrequirement for purchasing renewables to 20% by 2015 (Â§13); and establish a grant program tosupport renewables in public schools (Â§14). Introduced July 27, 2006; referred to Committees onWays and Means, Resources, Energy and Commerce, and Science.

H.R. 5927 (Cardin)

American Energy Independence Act. Title I of the bill would call for the preparation of aplan in increase use of energy efficiency and renewable energy. Title II would improve consumerenergy efficiency with expanded Energy Star provisions, new equipment efficiency standards, andother incentives. Title III would establish a renewable energy portfolio standard (25% by 2020),transmission lines for renewables, and other provisions. Title IV would increase standards and goalsfor energy efficiency and renewable energy in federal agencies. Title V would establish anAdvanced Research Projects Agency for Energy at DOE. Title VI would increase incentives forpublic transit. Introduced July 27, 2006; referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Waysand Means, Transportation and Infrastructure, Government Reform, and Science.

H.R. 5950 (T. Udall)

Family Farm Energy Relief Act of 2006. Section 4 of the bill would increase the tax creditfor small biodiesel producers from 10 cents to 20 cents per gallon. Section 5 would make the creditavailable to certain farmers who produce biodiesel. Introduced July 27, 2006; referred to Committeeon Ways and Means.

H.R. 5953 (Wynn)

The bill would establish a Commission for the Deployment of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells,charged with creating a strategic plan for hydrogen commercialization. It would establish powers,a process for selecting members and staff, and require a report. Introduced July 27, 2006; referredto Committees on Science and Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 5959 (Lofgren)

TEAM up for Energy Independence Act. Section 3 of the bill would create an excise tax onautomobiles sold in the United States that are not alternative fueled automobiles. The tax on retailsales would start at 5% in 2007 and rise to 80% in 2011. Section 4 directs that revenue from the taxbe used to establish a trust fund that makes grants for alternative fuel stations. Introduced July 28,2006; referred to Committees on Ways and Means and Energy and Commerce.

H.R. 5965 (Hoyer)

Program for Real Energy Security Act. Title I would establish a Commission on EnergySecurity. Title II would create a Manhattan Center for High Efficiency Vehicles. Title III would setprovisions to support biofuels infrastructure. Title IV would expand requirements for federal agencyuse of alternative fuels and vehicles. Title V would promote the use of mass transit and establishprograms for metropolitan light rail systems, intercity rail lines, and freight rail systems. IntroducedJuly 28, 2006; referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Armed Services, GovernmentReform, Rules, Science, Ways and Means, House Administration, and Transportation andInfrastructure.

H.R. 5973 (Dent)

Hydrogen Transportation Wins Over Growing Reliance on Oil (H2 GROW) Act. Section2 would create a tax credit to support development of hydrogen fueling stations. Section 3 wouldmake earnings from hydrogen fuel sales exempt from gross income. Introduced July 28, 2006;referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

H.R. 5985 (Cardoza)

Empowering America Act of 2006. The bill would extend and modify EPACT tax creditsfor residential energy efficiency (Â§2), nonbusiness energy property (Â§3), commercial buildings (Â§4),and solar energy equipment (Â§5). Also, it would call for a study of energy efficiency tax incentives(Â§6), extend the energy efficient appliances rebate (Â§7), and clarify the availability of communitydevelopment block grants for solar energy equipment (Â§8). Introduced July 28, 2006; referred toCommittees on Ways and Means, Financial Services, Science, and Energy and Commerce.

Senate Bills (with House Companions)

S.Con.Res. 83 (Gregg)

An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the U.S.government for FY2007 and including the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2006 and2008 through 2011. Amendment 3136 (as modified and approved) would allow deficit-neutralchanges in budget allocations to expand production and use of alternative fuels and alternative fuelvehicles, promote renewable energy development, and reward energy conservation and efficiency. Introduced March 10, 2006; referred to Committee on Budget. Passed (51-49) Senate, amended,March 16.

S.Con.Res. 97 (Grassley)/ H.Con.Res 424 (Goodlatte)

"25 by '25" Initiative. Resolution expressing the support of Congress for an initiative whichenvisions that farm, forestry, and ranch lands will provide by 2025 at least 25% of national energydemand, including promotion of renewable energy (solar, wind, biomass) by the forestry andagricultural communities. Senate bill introduced June 7, 2006, referred to Committee onAgriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. House bill introduced June 7, 2006; referred to Committeeson Agriculture, Energy and Commerce, and Resources.

S.Res. 228 (Cantwell)

A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate that it should be a goal of the United Statesto reduce the amount of oil projected to be imported in 2025 by 40% and that the President shouldtake measures to reduce the dependence of the United States on foreign oil. Introduced July 29,2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

S.Res. 312 (Lugar)

A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate that the United States should act to reducerisks posed by global climate change and to foster economic growth by (1) participating innegotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and leadingefforts in other international fora with the objective of securing U.S. participation in agreements thatadvance and protect U.S. interests, that establish mitigation commitments by all countries that aremajor emitters of greenhouse gases, that establish flexible international mechanisms to minimize thecost of efforts by participating countries, and that achieve a significant long-term reduction in globalgreenhouse gas emissions; and (2) establishing a bipartisan Senate observer group to monitorinternational negotiations on climate change and to ensure that the advice and consent function ofthe Senate is exercised to facilitate timely consideration of any applicable treaty. IntroducedNovember 15, 2005; referred to Committee on Foreign Relations. The Committee ordered theresolution reported May 23.

S.Res. 456 (Lugar)

A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate on the discussion by the North AtlanticCouncil of secure, sustainable, and reliable sources of energy. More specifically, this resolutionexpresses the sense of the Senate that the President should (1) place on the agenda for discussion atthe North Atlantic Council, the merits of establishing a policy and strategy for the North AtlanticTreaty Organization (NATO) to promote the security of members of NATO through the developmentof secure, sustainable, and reliable sources of energy, and (2) report to Congress on designatedagenda items, including a summary of the debate and a strategy for NATO to develop secure,sustainable, and reliable sources of energy, and contingency plans if current energy resources are putat risk. Introduced May 1, 2006; referred to Committee on Foreign Relations. The Committeeordered the resolution reported, May 23.

S. 10 (Domenici)

Energy Policy Act of 2005. Section 102 sets a goal for 20% energy reduction in federalfacilities by 2015. Section 104 requires federal agency purchases of EPA Energy Star andFEMP-designated products. Section 105 extends ESPCs through 2016. Section 123 authorizesfunding to states for rebates to support the cost premium for residential purchases of Energy Starproducts. Sections 135 and 136 establish energy efficiency standards for a variety of consumerproducts and commercial equipment. Title I also sets out several energy efficiency provisions forpublic housing. Title VII has provisions for hybrid, fuel cell, and electric vehicles; and revises andextends some aspects of fuel economy standards. Title IX reauthorizes DOE energy efficiency R&Dprograms. Section 1253 would, under certain conditions, terminate PURPA cogenerationrequirements. For renewables, reauthorizes REPI and sets renewable fuels purchasing requirementfor federal agencies. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources reported ( S.Rept. 109-121 ) June9, 2005. Incorporated into the Senate version of H.R. 6 .

S. 35 (Conrad)

Extends the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) for facilities until January 1,2011. Introduced January 24, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 129 (Talent)/ H.R. 325 (Graves)

Hybrid HOV Access Act. Allows energy-efficient and low-emission vehicles to use HOVfacilities. Senate bill introduced January 24, 2005; referred to Committee on Environment andPublic Works. House bill introduced January 25, 2005; referred to Committee on Transportation andInfrastructure.

S. 131 (Inhofe)

Clear Skies Act of 2005. Amends the Clean Air Act to reduce air pollution throughexpansion of cap and trade programs. Section 413 preserves an energy conservation and renewableenergy reserve of 300,000 sulfur dioxide emission reduction allowances, which could be used to helpmeet air pollution reduction requirements. Introduced January 24, 2005; referred to Committee onEnvironment and Public Works. Committee held markup March 9, 2005, but the bill failed to passCommittee on a tie (9-9) vote.

S. 150 (Jeffords)

Clean Power Act of 2005. Requires the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to (1) setregulations to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, and mercury fromcertain electric generation facilities by January 1, 2010; and (2) establish an emission allowancetracking and transfer system for these emissions. Section 707 directs that up to 20% of allowancesfor reductions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxide can be obtained from energyefficiency and renewable energy sources. Introduced January 25, 2005; referred to Committee onEnvironment and Public Works.

S. 244 (Thomas)

Authorizes the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to extend, at the request ofthe project licensee, the deadline for commencement of construction of hydroelectric project number1651 in the State of Wyoming for three consecutive two-year periods from the expiration of theextension originally issued by the Commission. Introduced February 1, 2005; referred to Committeeon Energy and Natural Resources. Reported ( S.Rept. 109-32 ) March 10.

S. 269 (Kerry)

Small Business and Farm Energy Emergency Relief Act of 2005. Section 3 makes loansavailable to small business to convert from heating fuel to alternative energy sources that mayinclude biowaste, geothermal energy, solar energy, wind energy, and fuel cells. Introduced February2, 2005; referred to Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship.

S. 326 (Smith)/ H.R. 622 (Bono)

Renewable Energy Production Incentive (REPI) Reform Act. Amends the Energy Policy Actof 1992 to modify renewable energy production incentive payment guidelines to provide that if thereare insufficient appropriations to make full payments for electric production from all qualifiedrenewable energy facilities in any given year, the Secretary of Energy shall assign 60% ofappropriated funds for that year to facilities that use solar, wind, geothermal, or closed-loop(dedicated energy crops) biomass technologies to generate electricity, and assign the remaining 40%to other projects. Redefines a qualified renewable energy facility as one (1) owned by certaintax-exempt electricity-generating cooperatives, certain public utilities, a State, territorial, or localgovernments or an Indian tribal government; and (2) which may involve electricity generation bylandfill gas. Extends through FY2015 the deadline for first use of a facility eligible for incentivepayments. Senate bill introduced February 9, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and NaturalResources. House bill introduced February 8, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy andCommerce.

S. 373 (Harkin)

Renewable Hydrogen Passenger Vehicle Act of 2005. Amends the Farm Security and RuralInvestment Act of 2002 to direct the Secretary of Energy, in coordination with the Secretary ofAgriculture, to conduct a three-year program to develop and demonstrate the cost-effective operationof a fleet of at least 10 direct hydrogen passenger vehicles based on existing commercial technologyunder which the hydrogen is derived from ethanol or other domestic low-cost transportablerenewable feedstocks. Introduced February 14, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and NaturalResources.

S. 386 (Hagel)

Climate Change Technology Deployment in Developing Countries Act of 2005. Section 2includes cogeneration and renewable energy as eligible technologies for demonstration projects thatcould help developing countries reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Introduced February 15, 2005;referred to Committee on Foreign Relations.

S. 387 (Hagel)

Climate Change Technology Tax Incentives Act of 2005. Section 201 expresses the senseof the Senate that (1) the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) should be extended through2010; and (2) the research investment tax credit should be increased and made permanent. Senatebill introduced February 15, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 388 (Hagel)

Climate Change Technology Deployment and Infrastructure Credit Act of 2005. Credit-basedfinancial incentives would be available to support demonstration projects for cogeneration,renewable energy, and other "climate technologies." Introduced March 15, 2005; referred toCommittee on Energy and Natural Resources.

S. 426 (Jeffords)

Electric Reliability Security Act of 2005. Contains several provisions to support energyefficiency and renewable energy, including a system benefit fund (Section 201) to fund state energyefficiency and renewable energy programs, an energy efficiency performance standard (Section 202)to reduce electricity demand by 10% over 10 years, appliance efficiency standards (Section 203) forcentral air conditioners and heat pumps, and loan guarantees (Section 204) for fuel cells, combinedheat and power (CHP), energy efficiency, and several types of renewables. Also, Title III has aprovision for net metering. Introduced February 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy andNatural Resources.

S. 427 (Jeffords)

Renewable Energy Investment Act of 2005. Creates a federal renewable portfolio standardby amending the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 to require retail electric suppliersto submit to the Secretary of Energy renewable energy credits in an amount equal to the requiredannual percentage of the retail electric supplier's total amount of kilowatt-hours of non-hydropowerelectricity sold to retail consumers during the previous calendar year (excluding incrementalhydropower). States that a renewable energy credit that is not used to satisfy the minimumrequirement for that year may be carried over for use within the next two years. Specifies a scheduleof the minimum percentage of renewable energy sources that must be used to generate the totalamount of non-hydropower electricity sold by each retail electric supplier during a calendar year(excluding incremental hydropower). Directs the Secretary to (1) establish a program to issue,monitor the sale or exchange of, and track renewable energy credits; and (2) make funds availableunder this act to State energy agencies for grant programs for renewable energy research anddevelopment, and for loan guarantees to encourage construction of renewable energy facilities. Introduced February 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

S. 436 (Akaka)

Directs the Secretary of Energy to assess the economic implications of the dependence of theState of Hawaii on oil as its principal source of energy, including the technical and economicfeasibility of increasing the contribution of renewable energy resources for generation of electricity,on an island-by-island basis; and the technical and economic feasibility of using renewable energysources (including hydrogen) for ground, marine, and air transportation energy applications todisplace the use of refined petroleum products. Introduced February 17, 2005; referred to Committeeon Energy and Natural Resources.

S. 502 (Coleman)

Rural Renaissance Act. Allows funds developed for a "Rural Renaissance Trust Account"to be used for renewable energy projects on farms. Introduced March 3, 2005; referred to Committeeon Finance.

S. 542 (Dorgan)

Amends the Internal Revenue Code to (1) extend through 2010 the renewable energyelectricity production tax credit (PTC) for certain renewable resources (e.g., wind, biomass, poultrywaste); (2) allow certain organizations, including tax-exempt organizations, state and localgovernments, and Indian tribal governments, to sell unused amounts of such tax credit. IntroducedMarch 7, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 587 (Dayton)

Requires that automobiles and light trucks manufactured after model year 2006 be able tooperate on a fuel mixture that is at least 85% ethanol. Introduced March 10; referred to Committeeon Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

S. 606 (Thune)

Reliable Fuels Act. Sets a goal to increase ethanol (including ethanol derived from cellulosicbiomass) use from 3.8 billion gallons in 2006 to 6.0 billion gallons in 2012. Introduced March 11,2005; referred to Committee on Environment and Public Works. Ordered to be reported, March 16,2005.

S. 610 (Talent)/ H.R. 36 (S. King)

Amends the Internal Revenue Code to revise the tax credit for biodiesel used as fuel toinclude a credit for the production of agri-biodiesel fuel equal to 10 cents for each gallon produced. Limits (1) the amount of qualified agri-biodiesel production of a producer to 15 million gallons forany taxable year; and (2) eligible producers to those with an annual productive capacity notexceeding 60 million gallons. Revises the small ethanol producer tax credit to (1) expand theeligibility of small ethanol producers for the credit; (2) exclude the credit from the definition ofpassive activity credit; and (3) exclude credit amounts from inclusion in gross income. Senate billintroduced March 11, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance. House bill introduced January 4,2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

S. 650 (Lugar)/ H.R. 1608 (Herseth)

Fuels Security Act of 2005. Section 101 increases the renewable fuel standard (RFS) to 8billion gallons by 2012. Section 102 directs federal agencies purchases of gasoline to include 10%ethanol-blended gasoline within five years. It also directs agencies' purchases of diesel fuel toinclude 2% biodiesel in five years and 20% biodiesel in 10 years. Senate bill introduced March 17,2005; referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works. House bill introduced April13, 2005; referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce.

S. 665 (Dorgan)

Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Act of 2005. Authorizes $2.3 billion over 10 years forhydrogen supply R&D programs and $1.7 billion over 10 years for fuel cell technology R&Dprograms. Further, over 10 years, it also authorizes $2.7 billion for vehicle demonstration programs,$900 million for market transition programs, $225 million for federal procurement programs, and$55 million for regulatory programs. Introduced March 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energyand Natural Resources.

S. 671 (Lieberman)/ H.R. 1397 (N. Johnson)

Establishes an investment tax credit for fuel cell equipment purchased for business andresidential uses. The fuel cell must have a minimum capacity of 0.5 kilowatt (kw). The upper limitof the credit is $500 for each 0.5 kw, with a maximum of 30% of the total fuel cell cost. Senate billintroduced March 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance. House bill introduced March 17,2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

S. 680 (Snowe)/ H.R. 1834

Efficient Energy Through Certified Technologies and Electricity Reliability (EFFECTER)Act of 2005. Section 101 creates an income tax deduction ($2.25 per square foot maximum) forenergy efficiency measures that reduce commercial building energy use by 50% below the AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Equipment Association's (ASHRAE's) 90.1industry energy efficiency standard. Section 102 establishes an investment tax credit for energyefficiency measures in new home construction that reduce energy use by 30% ($1,000 maximum)or by 50% ($2,000 maximum). Section 103 sets a tax deduction for business use of solar hot water,photovoltaics, heat pumps (gas, electric, ground source), furnaces, and boilers. It also creates a taxdeduction ($6,000 maximum) for such equipment used in residential rental properties that reducesenergy use by 50% (pro-rated for smaller energy reductions). Section 104 creates a nonbusiness taxcredit ($2,000 maximum) for equipment that reduces energy use by 50%. Section 105 establishesan investment tax credit available over four years to combined heat and power (CHP orcogeneration) systems smaller than 15 megawatts (MW) that satisfy certain efficiency standards.Section 201 sets energy efficiency test procedures and standards for a variety of equipment andproducts. For battery chargers and external power supplies, the Secretary of Energy has three yearsto determine whether standards are needed. Further, standards (or requirements) are set for vendingmachines, commercial refrigerators and freezers, illuminated exit signs, torchieres, distributiontransformers, traffic signal modules, unit heaters, compact fluorescent light bulbs, ceiling fans,dehumidifiers, spray valves, and furnace fans. Section 202 directs the Secretary of Energy to issuea rulemaking that assesses effectiveness of labeling requirements and a rulemaking to set labelingrequirements for additional consumer products (including distribution transformers). Section 203sets test procedures and standards for commercial package air conditioners and heating equipment. Section 204 creates standards for commercial refrigerators and freezers. Section 301 directs federalagencies to procure energy equipment designated by EPA Energy Star and DOE Federal EnergyManagement Program (FEMP), where it is cost-effective. Section 302 permanently extends theauthority for federal agencies to enter energy saving performance contracts (ESPCs). Section 303sets federal building energy performance standards by updating the baseline from the 1992 Councilof American Building Officials (CABO) to the 2003 International Energy Conservation Code(IECC). Further, it directs the Secretary of Energy to require new federal buildings to achieve a 30%energy reduction, provided it is cost-effective on a life-cycle basis. Section 401 modifies the PublicHousing Capital Fund to include certain energy and water use efficiency improvements. Section 402directs the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to provide grants for certain energyand water efficiency improvements to multifamily housing projects. Section 403 directs publichousing agencies to purchase cost-effective Energy Star or FEMP-designated appliances andproducts. Section 404 changes the energy efficiency standards and codes for public housing fromCABO to the 2003 International Energy Conservation Code, where HUD finds it cost-effective. Senate bill introduced March 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance. House bill introducedApril 26, 2005; referred to Committees on Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, and FinancialServices.

S. 715 (Harkin)

Wind Power Tax Incentives Act of 2005. Amends the Internal Revenue Code to permit (1)individual taxpayers with adjusted gross incomes (taxable incomes in the case of corporatetaxpayers) of $1 million or less to offset passive activity losses and credits from energy-producingwind facilities against regular income; and (2) tax-exempt cooperative organizations (includingfarmers' cooperatives) to apportion pro rata among their shareholders tax credits received forinvestment in energy-producing wind facilities. Introduced April 6, 2005; referred to Committee onFinance.

S. 726 (Alexander)

Natural Gas Price Reduction Act of 2005. Section 101 authorizes funding for an energyconservation public education initiative. Section 102 sets efficiency standards, test procedures, andlabeling requirements for several types of residential and commercial equipment. Section 103authorizes funding for distributed generation, solar energy, and biomass technologies. Section 104authorizes funding to accelerate hydrogen and fuel cell development. Section 105 would, undercertain conditions, repeal PURPA Section 210 requirements for cogeneration and small powerfacilities. Section 106 calls for a study of cogeneration and small power. Section 108 directs statesto consider requiring net metering services for electric utility customers. Section 109 directs statesto consider providing time-based schedules and meters for customers. Section 113 providesfinancial incentives to industry to encourage use of gasification equipment that uses biomass andother fuels. Introduced April 6, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

S. 727 (Alexander)

Tax Incentives for the Natural Gas Price Reduction Act of 2005. Section 2 makes a 10%investment tax credit available over four years to combined heat and power (CHP or cogeneration)systems smaller than 50 megawatts (MW) that satisfy certain efficiency standards. Section 3increases the investment tax credit for solar energy equipment from 10% to 30% for five years. Also, it extends the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) for solar and geothermal energyfor five years, and establishes a 30% tax credit ($7,500 maximum) for residential solar heatingequipment. Section 4 has investment tax credits for residential solar (electric and water heating,15%), wind (15%), and fuel cell (20%) equipment. It also creates a 20% investment tax credit($2,000 maximum) to homeowners for retrofits to existing residential housing with energy efficientenvelope components (insulation, windows, roofs, heating equipment); and an equipment tax credit(maximum $2,000) to home builders for envelope components that reduce home energy use by 30%. Section 4 also provides a tax credit to manufacturers ($60 million maximum) for energy-efficientclothes washers ($100 each) and refrigerators ($150 each). Further, Section 4 creates a taxdeduction ($1.50 per square foot maximum) for energy efficient equipment in commercial buildingsthat reduces energy use by 50%. Introduced April 6, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 732 (Inhofe)/ H.R. 3 (Young)

Transportation Equity Act. Section 1208 on High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lanes includesprovisions for alternative-fueled vehicles and energy-efficient vehicles. Section 3009 on Clean FuelsFormula Grant Program includes provisions for biodiesel, alcohol fuels, and fuel cells. Section 5213on Metropolitan Planning directs that goals include energy conservation. Other provisions in the billaddress traffic congestion, intelligent transportation systems, bicycling and pedestrian issues, andadvanced vehicle technologies. House bill introduced February 9, 2005; referred to Committee onTransportation and Infrastructure. Reported ( H.Rept. 109-12 , Parts I and II) March 8. Passed House,amended, March 10. Senate bill reported ( S.Rept. 109-53 ) April 6. In lieu of S. 732 ,Senate passed its version of H.R. 3 , amended, May 17. House and Senate confereesappointed May 26.

S. 745 (Byrd)

International Clean Energy Deployment and Global Energy Markets Investment Act of 2005.Amends the Global Environmental Protection Assistance Act of 1989 to promote clean energytechnology deployment in developing countries. Directs the President to establish a Task Force onInternational Clean Energy Cooperation. Requires the Task Force to establish an InteragencyWorking Group on Clean Energy Technology Exports. Establishes an Interagency Center in theOffice of International Energy Market Development of the Department of Energy to assist theWorking Group. Requires the Task Force to develop and submit to the President (who shall submitto Congress) a Strategy to (1) support programs and policies in developing countries that promoteclean energy and energy efficiency technologies; (2) open and expand clean energy technologymarkets and facilitate related exports to developing countries; (3) integrate the promotion of cleanenergy technology deployment and greenhouse gas emissions reduction in developing countries intoU.S. foreign policy objectives; (4) establish a pilot program that provides financial assistance forqualifying projects; and (5) develop financial mechanisms and instruments that are cost-effective andfacilitate private capital investment in such technologies. Authorizes the Secretary of State to provideassistance to developing countries for activities consistent with the priorities established in theStrategy. Requires the Secretary to establish a pilot program that provides financial assistance forqualifying projects consistent with the Strategy and the performance criteria set forth in this act.Requires host country contributions. Introduced April 11, 2005; referred to Committee on ForeignRelations.

S. 808 (Durbin)

Conserve by Bicycling Program. Directs Department of Transportation (DOT) to establishat least 10 pilot bicycling projects, cost-shared with state and local governments, to demonstrateenergy saving potential and other benefits. Introduced April 14, 2005; referred to Committee onCommerce, Science, and Transportation.

S. 836 (Cantwell)/ H.R. 1103 (N. Johnson)

Fuel Economy Truth in Labeling Act of 2005. Directs the Administrator of theEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) to revise certain Federal vehicle fuel economy testprocedures to take into consideration higher speed limits, faster acceleration rates, variations intemperature, use of air conditioning, shorter city test cycle lengths, and the use of other fuel depletingfeatures. Senate bill introduced April 14, 2005; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, andTransportation. House bill introduced March 3, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy andCommerce. Incorporated into H.R. 6 as floor amendment H.Amdt. 74 (asamended by H.Amdt. 75 ).

S. 881 (Cantwell)/ H.R. 1797 (McMorris)

Spokane Tribe of Indians of the Spokane Reservation Grand Coulee Dam EquitableCompensation Settlement Act. Establishes in the Treasury the Spokane Tribe of Indians SettlementFund. Requires the payment of compensation to the Spokane Business Council for the use of triballands for the generation of hydropower from the Grand Coulee Dam. Requires the use of such funds,in part, for a Cultural Resource Repository and Interpretive Center concerning the culture and historyof the Spokane Tribe. Directs the Administrator of the Bonneville Power Administration to makespecified settlement payments to the Spokane Tribe. Allows payments made to the SpokaneBusiness Council or Spokane Tribe to be used or invested by the Business Council in the samemanner and for the same purposes as other Spokane Tribal governmental funds. Directs theSecretary of the Interior to transfer administrative jurisdiction from the Bureau of Reclamation tothe Bureau of Indian Affairs over certain land located within the exterior boundaries of the SpokaneIndian Reservation and certain other land located on the south bank of the Spokane River. Providesthat payments by the Secretary and the Administrator and restoration of ownership of land in trustconstitute full satisfaction of the claim of the Spokane Tribe to a fair share of the annual hydropowerrevenues generated by the Grand Coulee Dam project for the past and continued use of land of theSpokane Tribe for the production of hydropower at Grand Coulee Dam. House bill introduced April21, 2005; referred to Committee on Resources. Ordered reported May 18. Senate bill introducedApril 21, 2005; referred to Committee on Indian Affairs.

S. 883 (Hagel)

Climate Change Technology Deployment in Developing Countries Act of 2005. Directs theDepartment of State to lead an interagency effort to study and assist in reducing greenhouse gasemission intensity in developing countries. Cogeneration, renewables, and "low emissiontransportation" technologies are included. There is a focus on supporting U.S. technology exportsand on creating demonstration projects in at least 10 countries. Introduced April 21, 2005; referredto Committee on Foreign Relations.

S. 887 (Hagel)

Climate Change Technology Deployment and Infrastructure Credit Act of 2005. Directs theSecretary of Energy to carry out activities that promote the adoption of technologies that reducegreenhouse gas intensity and to provide credit-based financial assistance and investment protectionfor projects that employ advanced climate technologies or systems, and for other purposes. Includesrenewable energy demonstration projects and financial incentives for energy efficiency. IntroducedApril 21, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

S. 889 (Feinstein)/ H.R. 705 (Gilchrest)

Automobile Fuel Economy Act of 2005. Sets forth certain increased average fuel economystandards for certain light trucks, automobiles (up to 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight), andcertain classes of vehicles in the federal fleet that are manufactured or purchased after specifieddates. Senate bill introduced April 21, 2005; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, andTransportation. House bill introduced February 9, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy andCommerce and Committee on Government Reform.

S. 890 (Sarbanes)

Transit in Parks Act. Provides for development of alternative transportation in certainfederally owned or managed areas that are open to the general public. Introduced April 22, 2005;referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

S. 918 (Obama)

Provides for Flexible Fuel Vehicle (FFV) refueling capability at new and existing refuelingstation facilities to promote energy security and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. IntroducedApril 27, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 962 (Grassley)

Clean Energy Bonds Act of 2005. Establishes a tax credit to holders of qualified bondsissued to finance renewable energy projects. The bond would be available to 'non-profit utilities,"including electric cooperatives, public power systems, and municipal utilities. When a non-profitutility issues a clean energy bond, the federal government pays a tax credit to the bondholder insteadof the issuer paying interest. The credit would be set at a value so there is zero interest cost to theissuer. Technologies that are eligible for the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) wouldbe eligible for the bond. Introduced April 28, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 971 (Hatch)

Clean Efficient Automobiles Resulting From Advanced Car Technologies (CLEAR ACT)Act of 2005. Creates a tax credit for investment in alternative motor vehicles, including qualifiedfuel cell, hybrid, and alternative fuel vehicles. Bases the amount of such credit on criteria relatingto vehicle weight and fuel efficiency. Modifies the tax credit for qualified electric vehicles to removethe 10% limitation and base the credit amount on criteria relating to vehicle weight, mileage, andpayload. Makes leased vehicles eligible for such credit. Extends such credit through 2010. Allowsa tax credit for (1) 50% of expenditures for the installation of qualified clean-fuel vehicle refuelingproperty; and (2) retail sales of alternative fuels as motor vehicle fuels. Directs the ComptrollerGeneral to undertake an ongoing analysis of the effectiveness of the alternative motor vehicle andfuel incentives provided by this act and to report to Congress on such study by December 31, 2006,and annually thereafter. Introduced April 28, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 1022 (Smith)

Resource Efficient Appliance Incentives Act of 2005. Establishes a business tax credit forthe production of certain water and energy efficient appliances (e.g., dishwashers, clothes washers,and refrigerators). Bases the amount of such credit on specified energy and water efficiency ratings. Introduced May 12, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 1034 (Alexander)

Environmentally Responsible Windpower Act of 2005. Provides for local control over thesiting of wind machines, including prohibiting federal subsidies for machines located within 20 milesof national monuments. Introduced May 13, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and NaturalResources.

S. 1042 (Warner)/ H.R. 1815 (Hunter)

National Defense Authorization Act for FY2006. Section 2402 authorizes funding for energyconservation projects. House bill introduced April 26, 2005; referred to Committee on ArmedServices. Includes $50 million authorization. Reported ( H.Rept. 109-89 ) May 20. Passed HouseMay 25. Senate bill introduced May 12, 2005; referred to Committee on Armed Services. Includes$60 million authorization. Reported ( S.Rept. 109-69 ) May 17.

S. 1076 (Lincoln)/ H.R. 2498 (Hulshof)

Extends through December 31, 2010, the tax credit for biodiesel used as fuel and the excisecredits for biodiesel mixtures and biodiesel used to produce biodiesel mixtures. House billintroduced May 19, 2005; referred to Committee on Ways and Means. Senate bill introduced May19, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 1077 (Lincoln)

Establishes renewable liquid fuels tax credits. Section 1 establishes a 1.00 per gallonfive-year excise tax credit, through December 31, 2010. Section 2 establishes a $1.00 per gallonincome tax credit for five years, through December 31, 2010. Introduced May 19, 2005; referred toCommittee on Finance.

S. 1078 (Lincoln)

Landfill Gas-to-Energy Tax Credit Act. Section 2 extends the renewable energy productiontax credit (PTC) for trash combustion facilities for three years, through December 31, 2008. Also,Section 3 changes the application of the tax credit for nonconventional ("Section 29") fuels. Introduced May 19, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 1079 (Lincoln)

Waste-to-Energy Tax Credit Act. Extends the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC)for trash combustion facilities for three years, through December 31, 2008. Also, it changes theeligibility period from 10 years to seven. Introduced May 19, 2005; referred to Committee onFinance.

S. 1093 (Salazar)

Research and Development Investment Act. Section 2 authorizes $20 million per yearthrough 2025 for the Renewable Energy Production Incentive (REPI). Section 3 extends the PTCfor five years, through December 31, 2011. Section 4 provides a 10% investment tax credit forresidential solar and geothermal equipment. Section 5 delays the phase-out of the tax incentives forqualified electric vehicles for one year. Reauthorizes and revises the Renewable Energy ProductionIncentive (REPI) program. Introduced May 20, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 1151 (McCain)

Climate Stewardship and Innovation Act of 2005. Creates a market-driven system ofgreenhouse gas tradeable allowances to support deployment of new climate change-relatedtechnologies. Includes provisions for energy efficiency audits (Section 545), deployment of biofuelsand solar technologies (Section 471), and reverse auctions for renewable electricity and energyefficiency (Section 491). Introduced May 26, 2005; referred to Committee on Environment andPublic Works.

S. 1156 (Hatch)

Section 1(a) sets a five-year eligibility period for certain open-loop biomass facilities coveredby the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC). Also, Section 1(b) extends the PTC for twoyears, through December 31, 2007. Introduced May 26, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 1203 (Hagel)

Climate Change Technology Tax Incentives Act of 2005. Provides tax incentives for theinvestment in greenhouse gas intensity reduction projects. Introduced June 8, 2005; referred toCommittee on Finance.

S. 1208 (Alexander)

Environmentally Responsible Windpower Act of 2005. Provides for local control over thesiting of wind machines, including prohibiting federal subsidies for machines located within 20 milesof national monuments. Introduced June 9, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and NaturalResources.

S. 1210 (Harkin)

National Security and Bioenergy Investment Act of 2005. Provides for research,development, demonstration, administrative support, and market mechanisms for widespreaddeployment and commercialization of biobased fuels and biobased products. Introduced June 9,2005; referred to Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.

S. 1229 (Reid)

Renewable Energy Incentives Act. Section 2 extends the renewable energy production taxcredit (PTC) indefinitely. Further, full credit is given to all qualified facilities. Also, the list ofqualified facilities is expanded to include incremental geothermal and hydropower production. Anyqualified facility that adds a co-production facility (which produces other, non-electric, forms ofuseful energy) is made eligible for an additional credit of 0.25 cents/kwh. Introduced June 13, 2005;referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 1232 (Lautenberg)

Fuels Security Act of 2005. Amends the Clean Air Act to increase production and use ofrenewable fuel and to increase the nation's energy independence. Section 101 sets a renewable fuelsstandard (RFS) of 8.25 billion gallons by 2013. Introduced June 14, 2005; referred to Committeeon Environment and Public Works.

S. 1270 (Snowe)/ H.R. 1215 (Gingrey)

Green Chemistry Research and Development Act of 2005. Provision for grants tomanufacturers includes measures that would increase energy efficiency. Senate bill introduced June20, 2005; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation.

S. 1280 (Snowe)/ H.R. 889 (Young)

Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Act of 2005. Section 419 of the House bill directsthe Commandant of the Coast Guard, when prompted by the Secretary of the Army, to state whetheran offshore wind energy facility constitutes an obstruction to navigation. Senate bill introduced June21, 2005; Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation reported July 28. Passed SenateOctober 27.

S. 1595 (Cantwell)

Fuels Security Act of 2005. Provides for a three-year recovery period for depreciation ofqualified energy management devices. Introduced July 29, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 1609 (Cantwell)

20/20 Biofuels Challenge Act of 2005. Aims to increase the production and use of biofuelsand diversify biofuels feedstocks as key elements to achieving energy independence for the UnitedStates. Introduced July 29, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

Senate Bills Introduced After H.R. 6 Conference Report (July 27, 2005)

S. 1765 (Landrieu)/ H.R. 3958 (Melancon)

Louisiana Katrina Reconstruction Act. Subtitle I (Department of Energy) provides $11million in supplemental funds for the DOE Weatherization program to be used in the State ofLouisiana until expended. Senate bill introduced September 22, 2005; referred to Committee onFinance. House bill introduced September 29, 2005; referred to Committees on Ways and Means,Appropriations, Agriculture, Transportation and Infrastructure, the Budget, Financial Services,Energy and Commerce, the Judiciary, Armed Services, Education and the Workforce, Resources,and Small Business.

S. 1766 (Vitter)

Louisiana Katrina Reconstruction Act. Identical provision to S. 1765 in SubtitleI (Department of Energy); provides $11 million in supplemental funds for the DOE Weatherizationprogram to be used in the State of Louisiana until expended. Introduced September 22, 2005;referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 1850 (Salazar)

Rapid Efficiency Credit Act of 2005. Section 2 amends the Energy Policy Act of 2005 tomake the income tax credits in Sections 1333(c), 1335(c), 1336(e), 1337(d), 1341(c), and 1342(c)of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 available after the enactment of this act (instead of after December31, 2005). Section 3 creates a tax credit for Energy Star-compliant compact fluorescent light bulbsused in a residence. Introduced October 6, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 1851 (Salazar)

Directs the Department of Transportation to issue a rule setting policies and procedures fortesting and labeling tires for fuel economy that secure the "maximum technically feasible andcost-effective fuel savings." Introduced October 6, 2005; referred to Committee on Commerce,Science, and Transportation.

S. 1852 (Salazar)

Reducing the Incentives to Guzzle Gas Act. The IRS tax code would be amended to (1)include certain heavy vehicles (with a gross vehicle weight between 6,000 and 14,000 pounds) aspassenger vehicles, to which the limitations on the depreciation allowed for luxury automobilesapply; (2) exempt vehicles used in a farming business from such depreciation limitations; (3) revisethe limitation amounts for the depreciation of luxury automobiles; and (4) allow the expensing ofup to $30,000 of the cost of vehicles used in a farming business. Introduced October 6, 2005;referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 1853 (Salazar)

Reduce Government Fuel Consumption Act of 2005. Amends the National EnergyConservation Policy Act to require each federal agency to reduce by at least 10% vehicle fuelconsumption by agency employees (other than fuel used for military purposes). Introduced October6, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

S. 1860 (Domenici)

Energy-Water Efficiency Technology Research, Development, and Transfer Program Act of2005. Directs DOE to establish a National Laboratories energy-water efficiency and supplytechnology research, development, and transfer program for the transfer and commercialization ofeconomically viable and cost-effective energy-water efficiency and supply technologies. Designatesthe following as Program Lead Laboratories: (1) Sandia National Laboratory, New Mexico; (2) OakRidge National Laboratory, Tennessee; and (3) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, California. Prescribes guidelines for water supply technology assessment. Further, directs DOE to (1) establishthe Energy-Water Efficiency and Supply Technology Advisory Panel, (2) provide competitive grantsto entities with expertise in the conduct of energy-water efficiency and supply technology projects,and (3) enter into an arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences to conduct periodic peerreviews of the program. Introduced October 7, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and NaturalResources. Reported (with Markup Report) November 16, 2005.

S. 1882 (Schumer)

Creates a national tire fuel efficiency program. Directs the Department of Commerce(Federal Trade Commission) to establish a program for tires designed for use on passenger cars andlight trucks, including policies and procedures for testing and labeling tires for fuel economy. Introduced October 18, 2005; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

S. 1920 (Obama)

Renewable Diesel Standard Act of 2005. Amends Section 211 of the Clean Air Act torequire the EPA Administrator to issue regulations to ensure that the U.S. diesel fuel supply containsa specified annual volume of renewable fuel, starting with 250 million gallons in 2008 and climbingto 2 billion gallons in 2015. Directs EPA to set the standard, in consultation with the Secretaries ofAgriculture and Energy, for renewable fuel content for 2016 and thereafter, considering certaineconomic and environmental factors. Further, the bill creates a program of tradable credits for dieselfuel producers (refiners, blenders, importers) who exceed the renewable fuel standards set by thisact. Also, the bill authorizes EPA, upon the petition of one or more states, to waive renewable fuelcontent requirements for economic, environmental, or supply reasons. Introduced October 25, 2005;referred to Committee on Environment and Public Works.

S. 1932 (Gregg)/ H.R. 4241 (Nussle)

Deficit Reduction Act of 2005. In the House bill, Section 1301 would terminate FY2007funding for the USDA Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out renewable energy and energyefficiency projects authorized by Section 9006 of the Farm Security Act of 2002. Further, Section1402 would terminate FY2007 funding of Section 6401 (Value-Added Producer program) of theFarm Security Act of FY2007, regarding grants to renewable energy and energy efficiency projects. Section 3405 (Digital Television Converter Fund) would create an energy efficiency standard of ninewatts for the passive standby mode of a digital-to-analog converter box. Section 6514 (FederalEnergy Natural Resources Enhancement Fund Act of 2005) would create funding for mitigating theenvironmental impacts of energy development on federal lands, including the development ofgeothermal, wind, and ocean (wave, currents, thermal) energy resources. House bill reported( H.Rept. 109-276 ) from the Committee on the Budget, November 7, 2005. Passed House (217-215)November 18. The Senate bill has no comparable provisions. Senate bill reported (without writtenreport) from the Committee on the Budget, October 26, 2005. Passed Senate (52-47) November 3. Conference reported ( H.Rept. 109-362 ) December 19, 2005. Signed into law ( P.L. 109-171 )February 8, 2006.

S. 1950 (Lugar)

United States-India Energy Security Cooperation Act of 2005. Authorizes the President toestablish cooperative energy programs that may include R&D and deployment assistance for energyefficiency, renewable energy (ethanol, biomass, hydrogen), and other energy sources. A report toCongress is required. Introduced November 1, 2005; referred to Committee on Foreign Relations. The Committee ordered the bill reported May 23, 2006.

S. 1981 (Durbin)

Windfall Profits Tax Act of 2005. The bill includes a tax credit to vehicle manufacturersfor investment in energy-efficient motor vehicles and for related research and development costs. Bases the amount of such credit on the achievement of specified levels of fuel economy. To qualifyfor the credit, the required fuel economy improvement would start at 5% in 2008 and increase to50% by 2015. The credit would terminate after 2015. Introduced November 9, 2005; referred toCommittee on Finance.

S. 1994 (Harkin)

Fuel Security and Consumer Choice Act. Requires that an increasing percentage (10% in thefirst year, increasing to 100% in the 10th year) of new automobiles be dual-fueled automobiles;revises the method for calculating corporate average fuel economy for such vehicles. IntroducedNovember 10, 2005; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

S. 2020 (Grassley)/ H.R. 4297 (Thomas)

Tax Relief Act of 2005/Tax Relief Extension Reconciliation Act of 2005. In the Senate bill,Section 214 extends the research credit. Committee on Finance reported (without written report)November 15, 2005. Passed Senate, amended, November 18. In the House bill, Section 113 extendsthe energy research credit for one year. Committee on Ways and Means reported ( H.Rept. 109-304 )November 17.

S. 2025 (Bayh)/ H.R. 4409 (Kingston)

Vehicle and Fuel Choices for American Security Act. Promotes national security andstability of the United States economy by reducing the dependence of the United States on oilthrough the use of alternative fuels and new technology. Title I establishes a national oil savingstarget and action plan; Title II sets policies for improving the fuel efficiency of vehicles; and TitleIII sets policies for renewable energy and alternative fuels. Senate bill introduced November 16,2005; referred to Committee on Finance. House bill introduced November 18, 2005; referred toCommittees on Energy and Commerce, Science, Ways and Means, Transportation and Infrastructure,and Government Reform.

S. 2045 (Obama)

Health Care for Hybrids Act. Provides incentives to the auto industry to accelerate effortsto develop more energy-efficient vehicles to lessen dependence on oil. Specifically, it providesfinancial assistance to eligible domestic automobile manufacturers for the costs incurred in providinghealth benefits to their retired employees, conditioned on a requirement that at least 50% of theresultant health-care cost savings derived are invested in petroleum fuel-reduction technologies,including alternative or flexible fuel vehicles, hybrids, and other state-of-the-art fuel savingtechnologies. Introduced November 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 2057 (Clinton)

Investing for Tomorrow's Schools Act of 2005. Section 3 establishes a program to help fundcapital improvements to schools and educational facilities. Renovation project applications arerequired to include proposed improvements to energy conservation. Introduced November 18, 2005;referred to Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.

S. 2070 (Schumer)/ H.R. 4375 (McNulty)

Provides certain relicensing requirements for hydroelectric projects on the Mohawk Riverin the State of New York. Senate bill introduced November 18, 2005; referred to Committee onEnergy and Natural Resources. House bill introduced November 17, 2005; referred to Committeeon Energy and Commerce.

S. 2105 (Coleman)

Home Energy Savings Incentives Act of 2005. For residential energy efficiency property,this bill would establish an investment tax credit of $10 per therm for natural gas savings and 6.5cents/kwh for electricity savings, with a total lifetime savings cap of $5,000. The credit would beavailable through the end of 2007. Introduced December 15, 2005; referred to Committee onFinance.

S. 2196 (Clinton)

Advanced Research Projects Energy (ARPA-E) Act. DOE would be authorized to establishthe position of Assistant Secretary for Advanced Energy Research, Technology Development, andDeployment to implement an innovative energy research, technology development, and deploymentprogram. Cash prizes up to $50 million could be awarded for innovative projects. The AssistantSecretary would be required to submit an annual report to Conress that describes projects andpresents a strategic plan. Funding of $1 billion would be authorized for FY2007 and $2 billion peryear for FY2008 through FY2011. Introduced January 25, 2006; referred to Committee on Energyand Natural Resources.

S. 2197 (Domenici)

Protecting America's Competitive Edge Through Energy Act (PACE-Energy Act) of 2006. Section 4 would create the Advanced Research Projects Authority -- Energy (ARPA-E) at DOE. ARPA-E would be administered through a new position of Assistant Secretary for Advanced EnergyResearch, Technology Development, and Deployment to implement an innovative energy research,technology development, and deployment program. Also, Subsection (c) would create at theDepartment of Treasury a revolving fund, the Acceleration Fund for Research and Development ofEnergy Technologies, to administer projects supported by funding. Funding of $300 million wouldbe authorized for FY2007, rising steadily each fiscal year until reaching $1 billion in FY2011.Introduced January 26, 2006; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

S. 2263 (Dayton)

Freedom From Foreign Oil Act of 2006. The bill would require that automobiles and lighttrucks manufactured after model year 2007 be able to operate on a fuel mixture that is at least 85%ethanol. Introduced February 9, 2006; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, andTransportation.

S. 2290 (Pryor)

The bill would clarify the applicability of deadlines relating to construction of hydroelectricprojects to certain hydroelectric projects located or proposed to be located on the Upper HudsonRiver in the State of New York. Specifically, it suspends the statutory time period governingcommencement and completion of construction of a hydroelectric project until the date on which theHudson River PCB site has been (1) removed from the National Priorities List or (2) approved forhydroelectric project construction by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. Deems any order of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission issued before the date of enactmentof this act that addresses such suspended deadline to be void and of no legal effect with respect toany failure by a licensee to meet the deadline. Introduced February 16, 2006; referred to Committeeon Energy and Natural Resources.

S. 2309 (Harkin)/ H.R. 4756 (Butterfield)

This bill would limit the application of the agricultural biodiesel fuel tax credit to certain oilsproduced from plants and animals. Senate bill introduced February 16, 2006; referred to Committeeon Finance. House bill introduced February 15, 2006; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

S. 2345 (Grassley)

America's Business Choice Act. This bill would exempt passenger vehicles eligible for thealternative motor vehicle credit and the credit for qualified electric vehicles from the limitation ondepreciation for luxury automobiles. Introduced March 1, 2006; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 2398 (Baucus)

Energy Competitiveness Act of 2006. Title I would create an Advanced Research ProjectsAgency-Energy (ARPA-E) in DOE. Through energy efficiency innovations and other means, thegoal of this agency would be to reduce imports of foreign energy and improve economiccompetitiveness. ARPA-E would be authorized annual funding from FY2007 through FY201,totaling $14.5 billion. A report on the agency's activities would be required by the end of FY2007. Title II would create several tax incentives for energy efficiency and renewable energy. Subtitle A,Section 201, would extend the PTC for three years. For tax credits supporting Clean RenewableEnergy Bonds, Section 202 would extend the Bond program for three years and expand the Bondamount to $800 million per year. Subtitle C would extend for three years: the energy efficientcommercial building tax deduction (Â§221), the tax credit for new energy efficient homes (Â§222), theresidential energy efficient property tax credit (Â§223), the tax credit for business use of fuel cells(Â§224), and the tax credit for business solar equipment (Â§225). Subtitle D extends certain taxincentives for biodiesel (Â§231) and alternative/electric passenger cars (Â§232). Introduced March 9,2006; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 2401 (Grassley)

Alternative Energy Extender Act. Title I is identical to Subtitle II-A of S. 2398 ,and Title III is identical to Subtitle II-C of S. 2398. Section 401(a) and (b) are identicalto Section 231 of S. 2398. Section 401(c) would extend the ethanol tariff schedule for fouryears. Introduced March 13, 2006; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 2435 (Lugar)

Energy Diplomacy and Security Act of 2006. Section 3 would express the sense of Congresson energy diplomacy and security. It would find that clean and sustainable energy sources areimportant to national security. Further, it would declare that achieving energy security requiresenhanced engagement with foreign governments, including promotion of renewable fuels and energyefficiency. Section 4 would call for the creation of strategic energy partnerships founded on severalpolicies, including a policy to increase global availability of renewable energy sources. The purposesof these partnerships includes advancement of renewable energy production and R&D anddeployment of several technologies, including renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. Section 5 would call for the creation of several international energy crisis measures. One suchmeasure would be the establishment of an Energy Crisis Response Mechanism for the WesternHemisphere, which would engage several activities, including demand intensity reduction programsand emergency demand restraint measures. Section 6 would call for the creation of a HemisphereEnergy Cooperation Forum to enhance bilateral cooperation in several areas, including renewableenergy. Further, it declares that the Forum "should implement" several activities, including anEnergy Sustainability Initiative that would facilitate investment, trade, and technological cooperationin several areas, including energy efficiency and renewable energy (e.g., RFS, RPS). Also, itdeclares that the Forum "should implement" an Energy for Development Initiative to promotebiomass, biofuels, and carbon markets. Additionally, a Hemisphere Energy Industry Group wouldbe created to support international cooperation on public-private partnerships, private investment,and other topics, including development and deployment of biofuels and energy efficienttechnologies. An annual report to Congress would be required. Introduced March 16, 2006; referredto Committee on Finance.

S. 2446 (Obama)

American Fuels Act of 2006. Section 3 would provide a tax credit to flexible fuel vehiclemanufacturers worth $100 per vehicle. Section 4 would create an alternative fuel retail sales credit. The credit would be valued at 35 cents/gallon before 2009, drop to 20 cents/gallon in 2009 and 2010,and then drop to 10 cents/gallon in 2011. Section 5 would establish an alternative diesel fuel contentrequirement for diesel fuels. Alternatives may include biodiesel, diesel-ethanol blends (7% orgreater ethanol), and diesel produced from a coal-to-liquid process. The applicable volume ofalternative diesel fuel would start at 250 million gallons in 2008 and rise in annual increments of 250million gallons until it reaches 2 billion gallons in 2015. Section 6 would create an excise tax creditfor cellulosic biomass ethanol. Section 7 would create an incentive to use medium- and heavy-dutyhybrids in federal and state fleets. Section 8 would require all federal property that contains arefueling station to include at least one alternative fuel refueling station. It would further requirepublic access to all such alternative fuel refueling stations. Section 9 would require that each buspurchased with funds from the Mass Transit Account of the Highway Trust Fund shall be a clean fuelbus powered by natural gas, ethanol, electricity, or fuel cell equipment. Section 10 would direct theDepartment of Defense (DOD) to conduct a program on advanced technologies to producealternative transportation fuels, which may include ethanol, coal-to-liquid fuel, and biofuels. Annualreports on the DOD program would be required. Introduced March 16, 2006; referred to Committeeon Finance.

S. 2507 (Warner)

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007. Section 2403 would authorize $60million for energy conservation projects. Introduced April 4, 2006; referred to Committee on ArmedServices.

S. 2512 (Demint)

Transportation Empowerment Act. The bill would authorize a state, upon determining thatexcess funds have been made available from the Highway Trust Fund, to transfer the excess fundsto, and use such funds for, any surface transportation purpose (including mass transit and rail) in thestate. Section 2 would encourage that energy efficiency be one criterion in deciding how to use thosefunds. Introduced April 5, 2006; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 2571 (Conrad)

Breaking Our Long-Term Dependence (BOLD) Energy Act of 2006. Directs DOT toestablish (1) rebates for reducing fuel consumption levels and (2) a National Tire EfficiencyProgram. Establishes production requirements for alternative fueled automobiles, and the AlternativeFueling Infrastructure Trust Fund. Establishes business-tax credits for (1) idling reduction and (2)manufacture of advanced technology motor vehicles. Eliminates the limitation on the number ofnew qualified hybrid and advanced lean-burn technology vehicles eligible for the alternative motorvehicle credit. Directs DOE to conduct a research, development, and commercial applicationprogram for electric drive transportation technology. Also, it (1) extends the full credit for qualifiedelectric vehicles, (2) provides an enhanced credit for qualified carbon dioxide projects, (3) allowstax-exempt financing for certain electric transmission facilities, (4) extends the credit for producingelectricity from certain renewable resources, (5) extends the tax credit for holders of clean renewableenergy bonds, (6) allows a tax credit for wind energy property, (7) extends the credits for businesssolar investment and for residential energy efficient property, and (8) provides a tax credit tax forclean energy coal bonds. Further, it (1) modifies the renewable fuel standard, (2) revises theminimum quantity of renewable fuel derived from cellulosic biomass and sugar, (3) directs USDAto implement an ethanol promotion program, and (4) sets forth a renewable fuel program for thediesel motor pool. In addition, it extends and modifies (1) income and excise tax credits forrenewable fuels and (2) the alternative vehicle refueling property credit. It directs DOE to carry outspecified projects promoting transition to a hydrogen-based economy. Amends the Food SecurityAct of 1985 to permit use of native grasses on conservation reserve land for biomass harvesting. Directs the Secretary to study the national and North American transmission grids. Amends thePublic Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 to set forth a federal renewable portfolio standard. Directs DOE to establish a renewable energy credit trading program to enable certain electric utilitypurchases of renewable energy credits under prescribed conditions. Amends the Internal RevenueCode to (1) provide energy credit for combined heat and power system property, (2) extend the taxcredits for new energy efficient homes and for nonbusiness energy property, and (3) increase andextend the credit for energy efficient commercial buildings deduction. Introduced April 6, 2006;referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 2584 (Salazar)

Rocky Mountain Forest Insects Response Enhancement and Support (FIRES) Act. Section6 of the bill would authorize the establishment of a biomass commercial utilization grant program. Introduced April 6, 2006; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

S. 2613 (Thune)/ H.R. 5346 (Jerry Moran)

Alternative Energy Refueling System Act. This bill would direct EPA to create a trust fundthat reimburses service station owners for the cost to install a storage tank and supporting equipmentfor E-85, CNG, or other alternative fuels. The reimbursement would be limited to the lesser of 30%or $30,000 of the cost. Senate bill introduced April 7, 2006; referred to Committee on Environmentand Public Works. House bill introduced May 10, 2006; referred to Committee on Energy andCommerce.

S. 2614 (Thune)/ H.R. 5346 (Jerry Moran)

Identical to S. 2613 . Senate bill introduced April 7, 2006; referred to Committeeon Environment and Public Works. House bill introduced May 10, 2006; referred to Committee onEnergy and Commerce.

S. 2675 (Boxer)

Fuel-Efficient Fleets Act of 2006. This bill would set minimum fuel economy requirementsfor federal vehicles and would authorize grants to states to purchase fuel-efficient vehicles. For thefederal fleet, Section 2 would require the General Services Administration (GSA) to employ thefollowing fuel economy requirements: Vans (15 miles per gallon), minivans (20 mpg), pickup trucks(24 mpg), sport utility vehicles (36 mpg), and passenger cars (45 mpg). Section 3 would direct DOEto perform an annual assessment of the CAFE fuel economy standard that incorporates recenttechnological advancements. Section 4 authorizes DOT to make grants to states to support effortsto have their fleets meet the above requirements set out for the federal fleet. A single appropriationof $100 million would be authorized in FY2007 that could be used over a five-year period. Introduced April 27, 2006; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

S. 2677 (Smith)/ H.R. 5206 (Hayworth)

Securing America's Energy Independence Act. Section 2 of this bill would extend thebusiness investment tax credit for solar energy property (Â§1336 of P.L. 109-58 ) through 2016 andfor qualified fuel cell property (Â§1337 of P.L. 109-58 ) through 2015. Section 3 would extend theresidential investment tax credit (Â§1335 of P.L. 109-58 ) for solar energy property through 2015. Senate bill introduced April 27, 2006; referred to Committee on Finance. House bill introducedApril 26, 2006; referred to Committee on Ways and Means.

S. 2680 (Coleman)

Transforming Energy Now Act of 2006. Section 3 would increase the renewable fuelstandard to 10% of the total volume of fuel use by 2015. Section 4 would increase the alternativefuel vehicle refueling property tax credit from 30% to 50%. Section 5 would direct EPA to createa trust fund (funded with CAFE penalties) that reimburses service station owners for the cost toinstall a storage tank and supporting equipment for E-85, CNG, or other alternative fuels. Thereimbursement would be limited to the $150,000 per site or $500,000 per entity. Section 6 wouldestablish a low-interest loan and grant program to assist farmer-owned ethanol producers developinfrastructure for the retail delivery of E-85 fuel. Introduced April 27, 2006; referred to Committeeon Finance.

S. 2689 (Collins)

Section 1 would increase (in most cases, double) the existing tax incentives for alternativefuels and alternative fuel vehicles. Introduced May 1, 2006; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 2747 (Bingaman)

Enhanced Energy Security Act of 2006. Title I would direct federal agencies to proposeregulations to save 10 million barrels of oil per day by 2031. In Title II, Section 201 would set afederal fleet fuel economy standard. Sections 202 and 203 would provide grants to states to convertfleets to alternative fuels, and Sections 204, 205, and 206 would authorize funding for vehicletechnology development and deployment. Section 207 would create a trust fund to support thedevelopment of locations where consumers can buy alternative fuels. Sections 208(a) and 209 wouldprovide incentives for deployment and production of cellulosic biofuels. Section 208(b) wouldcreate incentives for manufacturers of advanced technology vehicles. In Title III, Section 301 wouldcreate a Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard (RPS) starting at 2.5% in 2008 and then increasingto 10% by 2020. Section 302 would create a federal requirement to purchase electricity generatedby renewable energy. In Title IV, Section 401 would modify the policy for federal agencies to useenergy savings performance contracts (ESPCs) and would direct DOE and DOD to study thepotential for using ESPCs to achieve vehicle energy and cost savings. Section 402 would createincentives for manufacturers to produce highly energy-efficient equipment. Section 403 would callfor a DOE-led national media campaign to reduce oil use. Section 404 would direct state regulatorsof electricity and natural gas to consider establishing an energy efficiency resource program to reducepeak and total annual energy use. In Title V, Section 501 would make low-interest loans to smallbusinesses and farms that convert to renewables and alternative fuels. In Title V, Section 502 wouldreplace unsafe and inefficient home heating equipment in low-income households. Introduced May4, 2006; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

S. 2748 (Bingaman)

Enhanced Energy Security Tax Incentives Act of 2006. In Title I, Section 101 would extendthe renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) for three years (end of 2011); Section 102 wouldextend the clean renewable energy bonds for three years (end of 2011) and increase the national limitto $800 million per years; Section 103 would extend the tax deduction for energy efficientcommercial buildings for three years (end of 2010); Section 104 would extend for three years (endof 2010) and expand the energy efficient new home credit; Section 105 would extend for three years(end of 2010) the nonbusiness energy property credit; Section 106 would extend for three years (endof 2010) the residential solar tax credit; Section 107 would extend for three years (end of 2010) thefuel cell and microturbine tax credits; Section 108 would extend for three years (end of 2010) thebusiness solar tax credit; Section 109 would extend the biodiesel credit (two years), alternative fuelcredit (one year), refueling property credit (one year) and ethanol tariff duty (four years); Section 110would extend for four years (end of 2010) the full credit for qualified electric vehicles. In Title II,Section 201would eliminate the limit on the number of hybrid and advanced-technology vehicleseligible for tax credits; Section 202 would provide an investment tax credit for the marginal costsof a plant that manufactures advanced-technology vehicles; Section 203 creates a new tax credit forfuel-efficient vehicle fleets; Section 204 increases the credit for alternative fuel vehicle refuelingproperty; Section 205 limits the business depreciation tax deductions for heavy vehicles and luxurycars; Section 206 creates a 25% tax credit for equipment that reduces vehicle idling energy use. InTitle III, Section 301 creates an investment tax credit for certain types of combined heat and powerequipment; Section 302 establishes a three-year recovery period for energy management devices;Section 303 creates a three-year recovery period for water metering devices. Introduced May 4,2006; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 2755 (Thomas)

Energy Production, Refining, Infrastructure, Conservation and Efficiency (PRICE) Act. InTitle IV, Section 4001 would direct DOT to consider technological feasibility and economicpracticability in determining maximum feasible fuel economy. Section 4002 would direct DOT toset new fuel economy regulations for passenger cars, employing the criteria in Section 4001. Section4003 would, if DOT fails to implement Section 4002, provide for expedited procedures to be appliedto a fuel economy bill, introduced in either chamber, that aims to fulfill the intent of Section 4002. Section 4011 would expand the EPA Natural Gas Star Program to create grants that help curbmethane emissions in the oil and natural gas industries. Introduced May 5, 2006; referred toCommittee on Finance.

S. 2760 (Feinstein)

Ethanol Fuel Supply Act of 2006. The bill would suspend temporarily the import duty onethanol. Introduced May 8, 2006; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 2763 (Schumer)

Ethanol Fuel Supply Act of 2006. The bill would suspend temporarily the import duty onethanol. Introduced May 8, 2006; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 2766 (Warner)/ H.R. 5122 (Hunter)

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007. Section 2403 of the bill wouldauthorize DOD to spend up to $60 million for energy conservation. Committee on Armed Servicesreported ( H.Rept. 109-254 ) May 9, 2006. Also, four Senate floor amendments were approved thatadd further energy efficiency and renewable energy provisions. First, S.Amdt. 4222 ,would require DOE to consider using fuel cells as back-up power systems. Second, S.Amdt. 4357 would create a new Section 2828 that sets a goal for the Department ofDefense to acquire 25% of its electric energy from renewable energy sources by the year 2025. Third, S.Amdt. 4532 would require a DOD report on the use of alternative fuels. Fourth, S.Amdt. 4535 would require energy efficiency measures in new construction. In Senate, Committee on Armed Services reported ( S.Rept. 109-254 ) May 9, 2006. Passed Senate,amended, June 22. S. 2766 incorporated into H.R. 5122 as an amendmentin the nature of a substitute. In House, Committee on Armed Services reported ( H.Rept. 109-452 )May 5, 2006. Passed House, amended, May 11.

S. 2767 (Warner)

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007. Section 2403 of the bill wouldauthorize DOD to spend up to $60 million for energy conservation. Committee on Armed Servicesreported ( H.Rept. 109-254 ) May 9, 2006. Passed Senate, amended, June 22. See S. 2766 .

S. 2768 (Warner)

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007. Section 2403 of the bill wouldauthorize DOD to spend up to $60 million for energy conservation. Committee on Armed Servicesreported ( H.Rept. 109-254 ) May 9, 2006. See S. 2766 .

S. 2769 (Warner)

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007. Section 2403 of the bill wouldauthorize DOD to spend up to $60 million for energy conservation. Committee on Armed Servicesreported ( H.Rept. 109-254 ) May 9, 2006; referred to Committee on Finance. See S. 2766 .

S. 2773 (Boxer)

Government Fleet Fuel Economy Act of 2006. This bill would direct GSA to see that eachpassenger vehicle purchased, or leased for at least 60 consecutive days, by an executive agency afterthe date of the enactment shall be as fuel efficient as possible. Introduced May 9, 2006; referred toCommittee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.

S. 2778 (Schumer)

Ethanol Fuel Supply Act of 2006. The bill would suspend temporarily the import duty onethanol. Introduced May 10, 2006; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 2796 (Graham)

H-Prize Act of 2006. The bill would authorize DOE to establish monetary prizes forachievements in overcoming scientific and technical barriers associated with hydrogen energy. Introduced May 12, 2006; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

S. 2816 (Harkin)

Biofuels Security Tax Act of 2006. Section 2 of the bill would provide an income tax creditfor the manufacture of flexible fuel vehicles, and Section 3 would extend and increase the incometax credit for alternative fuel refueling property. Introduced May 16, 2006; referred to Committeeon Finance.

S. 2817 (Harkin)

Biofuels Security Tax Act of 2006. Section 101 of the bill would raise the renewable fuelstandard (RFS) to 30 billion gallons by 2020 and 60 billion gallons by 2030. Section 102 woulddirect DOE to enact regulations that require major oil companies with name-branded gasolinestations to install one or more E-85 fuel pumps at 5% of the stations in 2007, rising to 50% by 2016. Section 103 would require, starting in 2007, that 100% of the federal fleet be alternative fuelvehicles. Section 104 would facilitate the installation of renewable fuel pumps at gasoline stations. Section 201 would require automobile manufacturers to produce a minimum percentage of dualfueled autombiles, starting with 10% in 2007 and rising to 100% by 2016. Manufacturers thatexceed the minimum would be eligible to receive tradable credits. Section 202 would createmanufacturer incentives for duel-fueled automobiles, based on fuel economy calculations. Introduced May 16, 2006; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

S. 2829 (Cantwell)

Biofuels Security Tax Act of 2006. This omnibus bill aims to reduce oil use, to ensurenear-term energy affordability and empower American families, to accelerate clean fuels andelectricity, to provide government leadership for clean and secure energy, and to secure a reliable,affordable, and sustainable energy future. Introduced May 17, 2006; referred to Committee onFinance.

S. 2830 (Lott)

Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Reform Act of 2006. Section 2 of this bill wouldauthorize DOT to set vehicle fuel economy standards by regulation. It would prohibit DOT fromsetting a standard that is expressed as a percentage change from an existing standard or that imposesmarginal costs that exceed marginal benefits. Also, it requires an 18-month lead time before themodel year. Section 3 empowers DOT to permit, by regulation, manufacturers to transfer CAFEcredits from one production segment to another. Section 4 would direct DOT to use funds collectedfrom civil penalties to support R&D on fuel saving automotive technologies and rulemakings relatedto CAFE. Introduced May 18, 2006; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, andTransportation.

S. 2984 (Obama)

This bill would require certain profitable oil companies to expend 1% of recent quarterlyprofits to install E-85 fuel pumps. Introduced May 23, 2006; referred to Committee on Energy andNatural Resources.

S. 2993 (Clinton)

This bill would impose a temporary oil profit fee and to use the proceeds of the fee to providea Strategic Energy Fund and expand certain energy tax incentives. Introduced May 23, 2006;referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

S. 3487 (Kerry)

Small Business Disaster Loan Reauthorization and Improvements Act of 2006.

Section 18 on Emergency Energy Relief would permit loans to be used to convert from fossil energysystems to equipment that uses renewable or alternative energy sources, including agriculture andurban waste, geothermal energy, cogeneration, solar energy, wind energy, or fuel cells. IntroducedJune 8, 2006; referred to Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship.

S. 3543 (Feinstein)

This bill would improve passenger automobile fuel economy to 35 mpg by 2017. IntroducedJune 20, 2006; referred to Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

S. 3553 (Grassley)/ H.R. 4357 (Gutknecht)

10 By 10 Act. The bill would amend the Clean Air Act to require that all gasoline sold foruse in motor vehicles contain 10% renewable fuel in the year 2010 and thereafter. House billintroduced November 17, 2005; referred to Committee on Energy and Commerce. Senate billintroduced June 21, 2006; referred to Committee on Environment and Public Works.

S. 3591 (Jeffords)

High-Performance Green Buildings Act of 2006. This bill would improve energy efficiencyin federal agencies through the use of high-performance green buildings. Title I would establish anOffice of High Performance Green Buildings in the General Services Administration. Title II wouldprovide grants and siting guidelines for energy efficient schools. Title III would strengthenincentives and procurement practices for energy efficiency in federal agencies. Title IV would ademonstration project that would be an exemplary green building in a federal agency. IntroducedJune 20, 2006; referred to Committee on Environment and Public Works.

S. 3600 (Harkin)

This bill would allow the alternative fuel vehicle refueling property tax credit to be appliedto patrons of agricultural cooperatives. Introduced June 29, 2006; referred to Committee onAppropriations.

S. 3628 (Snowe)

EXTEND the Energy Efficiency Incentives Act of 2006. This bill would (1) extend the taxcredit, through 2010, for residential energy efficiency expenditures certified to achieve certain levelsof energy savings; (2) modify standards for nonbusiness energy property (i.e., air conditioners, heatpumps, water heaters, etc.) and extend the tax credit for such property through 2010; (3) revise thetax credit for solar electric and hot water property to include all technologies for solar-derivedelectricity; (4) extend through 2010 the tax credits for residential energy efficient property and newenergy efficient homes; (5) extend through 2011 the tax deduction for energy efficient commercialbuildings and increase the maximum amount of such deduction; (6) allow a tax deduction for energyefficient low-rise buildings (four stories or less); (7) extend through 2011 the investment tax creditfor solar energy and fuel cell property; and (8) allow a business-related tax credit for qualifiedtraining and certification costs and equipment expenditures for certifying residential energy savings. Introduced June 29, 2006; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

S. 3654 (Jeffords)

Recycling Investment Saves Energy (RISE) Act. This bill would allow a credit againstincome tax, or alternatively, a special depreciation allowance for reuse and recycling property, andit would provide for tax-exempt financing of recycling equipment. Introduced June 29, 2006;referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 3684 (Allen)/ H.R. 5646 (Mike Rogers, Michigan)

The bill would require the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to conduct a study ofenergy consumption at computer centers operated by the federal government and private entities. Thestudy would include a review and analysis of cost saving measures and recommendations foradopting energy efficient computer centers. House bill introduced June 20, 2006; referred toCommittee on Energy and Commerce. Reported ( H.Rept. 109-538 ) June 28. Passed House July 12. Senate bill introduced July 18; referred to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

S. 3694 (Obama)

Fuel Economy Reform Act. This bill would establish a CAFE "target" instead of a standard. The target is a 4% per year increase, which the bill says would provide annual savings of about 1.3million barrels per day after 10 years. Further, it provides flexibility for different types of cars andprovides tax incentives to encourage automobile manufacturers to retool parts and assembly plants. Introduced July 19, 2006; referred to Committee on Finance.

S. 3698 (Jeffords)

Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act. As part of the effort to reduce emission, this billwould encourage the use of energy efficiency and renewable energy through emission standards forvehicles (Â§707) and for electric power plants (Â§708-709). Also, it would create an energy efficiencyperformance standard in the electricity sector (Â§712), establish a renewable energy portfolio standardof 20% by 2020 (Â§713), and support clean energy deployment in developing countries (Â§716). Introduced July 20, 2006; referred to Committee on Environment and Public Works.

S. 3719 (Reid)/ H.R. 5904 (Matheson)

Renewable Schools Energy Act of 2006. This bill would create a renewable energy bondprogram that enables public school districts to receive zero interest loans for purchasing of renewableenergy systems. The bill authorizes $50 million for 2007, $100 million for 2008, and $150 millionfor 2009. House bill introduced July 26, 2006; referred to Committee on Ways and Means. Senatebill introduced July 24, 2006; referred to Committee on Finance.

Congressional Hearings, Reports, and Documents

109th Congress: Second Session

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. United States -- IndiaEnergy Cooperation . July 18, 2006. http://energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&Hearing_ID=1578

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Hydrogen . July 17, 2006. http://energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&Hearing_ID=1577

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Geothermal Energy . July11, 2006. http://energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&Hearing_ID=1576

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Science. H.R. 5656, the Energy Research,Development, Demonstration, and Commercial Application Act of 2006. June 27, 2006. http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/full06/June%2022/index.htm

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Discussion Draft of Bill Providingfor a Reduction in the Number of Boutique Fuels . June 7, 2006.

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and AirQuality. Vehicle and Fuels Technology: Next Generation . May 24, 2006. http://energycommerce.house.gov/108/Hearings/05242006hearing1909/hearing.htm

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Subcommittee on DepartmentOperations, Oversight, Dairy, Nutrition, and Forestry. May 22, 2006. Future of RenewableFuels and Flex-Fuel Vehicles . May 22, 2006. http://agriculture.house.gov/hearings/statements.html

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and AirQuality. Unlocking America's Energy Resources: Next Generation . May 18, 2006. http://energycommerce.house.gov/108/Hearings/05182006hearing1903/hearing.htm

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Energy Security and Oil Dependence . May 16, 2006. http://foreign.senate.gov/hearings/2006/hrg060516a.html

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Corporate AverageFuel Economy (CAFE) Standards . May 9, 2006. http://commerce.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&Hearing_ID=1756

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Hydroelectric Facilities . May 8, 2006. http://energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&Hearing_ID=1550

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Science. H.R. 5143, the H-Prize Act of 2006. April 27, 2006. http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/full06/April%2027/index.htm

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. The State of theBiofuels Industry. April 26, 2006. http://agriculture.senate.gov/Hearings/hearings.cfm?hearingId=1850

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. The Current andFuture Role of Science in the Asia Pacific Partnership . April 5, 2006. http://commerce.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&Hearing_ID=1741

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Climate Change . (Conference) April 4, 2006. http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_senate_hearings&docid=f:28095.pdf

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. The Hidden Cost of Oil . March 30,2006. http://foreign.senate.gov/hearings/2006/hrg060330a.html

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Should Congress Establish "ARPA-E," TheAdvanced Research Projects Agency -- Energy? March 9, 2006. http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/full06/March%209/index.htm

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. FY2007 Budget Request for theDepartment of Energy . March 9, 2006. http://energycommerce.house.gov/108/Hearings/03092006hearing1795/hearing.htm

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. FY2007 Budget Request for the Departmentof Energy . March 8, 2006.

[not available on Committee website]

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Energy Independence . March 7, 2006. http://energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&Hearing_ID=1534

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Western Hemisphere EnergySecurity . March 2, 2006. http://wwwc.house.gov/international_relations/109/wh030206.htm

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. U.S. Competitiveness (S.2197) . February 15, 2006. http://energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Hearing&Hearing_ID=1526

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. FY2007 Budget Request forthe Department of Energy . February 9, 2006.

[not available on Committee website]

109th Congress: First Session

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and AirQuality. Understanding the Peak Oil Theory . Hearing held December 7, 2005. http://energycommerce.house.gov/108/Hearings/12072005hearing1733/hearing.htm

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy. Winning Teams andInnovative Technologies from the 2005 Solar Decathlon . Hearing held November 2, 2005. http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/energy05/November%202/index.htm

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Energy Policy Act of 2005: Reportof the Committee on Energy and Commerce on H.R. 1640 . (Rept. 109-215, Part1). July 29, 2005. [not available on Committee website]

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Energy Research, Development, Demonstration,and Commercial Application Act of 2005: Report of the Committee on Science on H.R.610 . (Rept. 109-216, Part 1). July 29, 2005. [not available on Committeewebsite]

U.S. Congress. House. Joint Committee on Taxation. Description And Technical Explanation OfThe Conference Agreement Of H.R. 6, Title XIII, The "Energy Tax Incentives ActOf 2005." (JCX-60-05) July 28, 2005. http://www.house.gov/jct/x-60-05.pdf

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Text of the ConferenceReport on H.R. 6, The "Energy Policy Act Of 2005." (JCX-60-05) July 27, 2005. http://energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=IssueItems.Detail&IssueItem_ID=21&Month=7&Year=2005

U.S. Congress. House. Joint Committee on Taxation. Estimated Budget Effects Of The ConferenceAgreement For Title XIII. Of H.R. 6, The "Energy Tax Incentives Act Of 2005." (JCX-59-05) July 27, 2005. http://www.house.gov/jct/x-59-05.pdf

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on Energy andResources. The Hydrogen Economy: Is it Attainable? When? Hearing held July 27, 2005. http://reform.house.gov/ER/Hearings/EventSingle.aspx?EventID=31020

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Agriculture's Role in a Renewable FuelsStandard . Hearing held July 21, 2005. (Serial No. 109-12) http://agriculture.house.gov/hearings/109/10912.pdf

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Subcommittee onResearch. Fueling the Future: On the Road to the Hydrogen Economy . Joint Hearing heldJuly 20, 2005. http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/energy05/july%2020/index.htm

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Energy Policy Tax Incentives Act of 2005 . Hearingheld June 16, 2005. http://finance.senate.gov/sitepages/hearing061605.htm

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Full Committee Markup of theEnergy Policy Act of 2005 . Markup held April 5 and 6, 2005. http://energycommerce.house.gov/108/Markups/04062005markup1473.htm

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Committee Print of the EnergyPolicy Act of 2005 . Posted April 5, 2005. http://energycommerce.house.gov/108/energy_pdfs_2.htm

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Energy and Water DevelopmentAppropriations for 2006. Hearings held March 9 and 16, 2005. [not available on Committeewebsite]

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on Energy andResources. Energy Demand in the 21st Century: Are Congress and the Executive BranchMeeting the Challenge? Hearing held March 16, 2005. http://reform.house.gov/ER/Hearings/EventSingle.aspx?EventID=24030 .

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water. FY2006 Budget Request for the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy(EERE) and other DOE Offices. Hearing held March 15, 2005. http://appropriations.senate.gov/hearmarkups/record.cfm?id=233443 .

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and WaterDevelopment, and Related Agencies. Department of Energy -- [FY2006 Budget Requestfor] Science, Nuclear Energy, and Renewable Energy. Hearing held March 15, 2005. [Nohearing webcast has been posted to the web and no testimony has been published yet.]

U.S. Congress. Joint Committee on Taxation. Description and Analysis of Certain Federal TaxProvisions Expiring in 2005 and 2006. Report JCX-12-05. March 11, 2005. Part IIB of thereport has a section (p. 51-60) on the renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) entitledthe "Credit for electricity produced from certain renewable resources." Also, Part IIA has asection (p. 20-34) on the research and experimentation (R&E) tax credit. http://www.house.gov/jct/pubs05.html .

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Power Generation ResourceIncentives and Diversity. Hearing held March 8, 2005. (S. Hrg. 109-27) http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_senate_hearings&docid=f:21241.pdf

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Department of EnergyBudget. Hearing held March 3, 2005. http://energy.senate.gov/hearings/witnesslist.cfm?id=1370

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and AirQuality. The Energy Policy Act of 2005: Ensuring Jobs for Our Future with Secure andReliable Energy. Hearings held February 9, 10, and 16, 2005. http://energycommerce.house.gov/108/Hearings/02102005hearing1428/hearing.htm

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Improving the Nation's Energy Security: Can Carsand Trucks Be Made More Fuel Efficient? Hearing held February 9, 2005. http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/full05/feb9/February92005.htm

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Department of Energy's Fiscal Year2006 Budget Proposal and the Energy Policy Act of 2005: Ensuring Jobs for Our Futurewith Secure and Reliable Energy. Hearing held February 9, 2005. http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_house_hearings&docid=f:99900.pdf

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. EIA 2005 Annual EnergyOutlook (Global Energy Trends and Their Potential Impact on U.S. Energy Needs, Securityand Policy. Hearing held February 3, 2005. http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_senate_hearings&docid=f:20004.pdf

(Many hearings on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy held in the 108th Congress are listedon the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy website at http://www.eere.energy.gov/office_eere/congressional_test.html .)

CRS Reports

CRS Report RL33599 , Energy Efficiency Policy: Budget, Electricity Conservation, and FuelConservation Issues , by [author name scrubbed].

CRS Report RL33588 , Renewable Energy Policy: Tax Credit, Budget, and Regulatory Issues , by[author name scrubbed].

CRS Report RL33294 , DOE Budget Earmarks: A Selective Look at Energy Efficiency andRenewable Energy R&D Programs , by [author name scrubbed].

CRS Report RL33302(pdf) , Energy Policy Act of 2005: Summary and Analysis of Enacted Provisions ,by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed].

CRS Report RL33006 , Omnibus Energy Legislation, 109th Congress: Side-by-Side Assessment ofHouse and Senate Versions of H.R. 6 , by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed].

CRS Report RL32936 , Omnibus Energy Legislation, 109th Congress: Assessment of H.R. 6 as Passed by the House , by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed].

CRS Report RL31127(pdf) , Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation Legislation in the 107thCongress , by [author name scrubbed].

CRS Report RL31044(pdf) , Renewable Energy Legislation in the 107th Congress , by [author name scrubbed].