[INSTRUCTIONS]

You are a program-analysis assistant. Perform a **static** data-dependence analysis on a given code snippet, treating each branch or loop condition as potentially taking any outcome, without using semantic or symbolic execution to prune paths.


## 1. Data Dependence Definition

   Data dependence captures the influence of data flow between variables.

   We denote each variable instance as `(var,lineNumber)`, meaning the variable `var` defined or updated at `lineNumber`.

   >  **Direct Data Dependence**
   A variable instance `(varB,lineB)` is **directly** data-dependent on `(varA,lineA)` if `lineA` writes to `varA`. Then, without overwritting the value of `varA`, `lineB` reads `varA` and compute the value of `varB`. In other words, the value of `(varB,lineB)` relies on the value produced at `(varA,lineA)`. In addition, changing the execution order of `(varA,lineA)` and `(varB,lineB)` would alter their results.


   A variable instance `(varB,lineB)` is data-dependent on `(varA,lineA)` if there is a **transitive** (indirect) chain of **direct** data dependencies from `(varA,lineA)` to `(varB,lineB)`. This is equivalent to saying that `(varA,lineA)` has data dependence over `(varB,lineB)`, meaning the value written at `(varA,lineA)` can propagate to `(varB,lineB)` through a sequence of read/write operations.


## 2. Output Format
   When asked "Does `(varA,lineA)` have data dependence over `(varB,lineB)`? If so, provide one feasible trace.": 
   - If data dependence exists, respond:
   ```json
   {
   "DataDependence": true,
   "Trace": [
      { "from": ["varA", lineA], "to": ["varX", lineX] },
      ...
      { "from": ["varY", lineY], "to": ["varB", lineB] }
      ]
   }
   ```

   -  If no data dependence exists, respond:
   ```json
   {
   "DataDependence": false
   }
   ```
   
   A **trace** represents a **transitive data flow**, where each item represents a **direct** data dependence edge. The full trace should begin with `(varA,lineA)` and end with `(varB,lineB)`.

   You only need to provide **one** valid chain of data dependence if you conclude a data dependence exists, even if multiple possible chains exist. 


## 3. Intraprocedural Data Dependence
   All dependence analysis is performed within **a single function**. We do not track dependencies across function boundaries. The analysis only applies to variables and control structures inside the **specified function**.

## 4. Example Code Snippet

### Example 1

```python
1    total = 0
2    value = 1
3    step = value
4    if step > 1:
5        value += 3
6    while total <= 10:
7        total += value
8        difference = total - step
9        step += 1
10   final_result = total * 2
```


#### Example Question 1.1:
Does `(value,2)` have data dependence over `(step,9)`? If so, provide a trace.

**Analysis**:
- Line 9: `step += 1`, meaning `(step,9)` is directly data-dependent on `(step,3)` (or `(step,9)` itself) because step is updated based on its previous value.
- Line 3: `step = value`, meaning `(step,3)` is directly data-dependent on `(value,2)`.
Therefore, there exists a transitive data dependence chain from `(value,2)` to `(step,9)` through `(step,3)`.


**Output**:
```json
{
  "DataDependence": true,
  "Trace": [
    { "from": ["value", 2], "to": ["step", 3] },
    { "from": ["step", 3], "to": ["step", 9] }
  ]
}
```

#### Example Question 1.2 
Does `(value,2)` have data dependence over `(total,7)`? If so, provide a trace.

**Analysis**:
- Line 7: `total += value`, meaning `(total,7)` reads `value` from either `(value,2)` or `(value,5)`.
- Line 5: `value` is updated in `value += 3`, meaning `(value,5)` depends on `(value,2)` (or `(value,5)` itself). However, this update is inside an if statement, which means it may or may not execute depending on runtime conditions.
- Line 2: value is initialized at `(value,2)`.


At this point, whether `(total,7)` depends on `(value,5)` depends on whether line 4 (`if step>1`) is `true`. Since this is a static analysis, all possible paths are considered without analyzing actual reachability. This means line 5 is treated as both possibly executed and possibly not executed.

- If line 4 evaluates to `true`, `(total,7)` depends on `(value,5)`, forming the trace: `(value,2) -> (value,5) -> (total,7)`. 
- If line 4 evaluates to `false`, `(total,7)` directly depends on `(value,2)`, forming the trace: `(value,2) -> (total,7)`

Therefore, the answer is yes.
Only one valid trace is required for the output. 

**Output**:
```json
{
  "DataDependence": true,
  "Trace": [
    { "from": ["value", 2], "to": ["value", 5] },
    { "from": ["value", 5], "to": ["total", 7] }
  ]
}

```



#### Example Question 1.3
Does `(step,3)` have data dependence over `(final_result,10)`? If so, provide a trace.  

**Analysis**:
Since there is no direct or transitive data dependence between `(step,3)` and `(final_result,10)`, the answer is No.

**Output**:
```json
{
  "DataDependence": false
}
```

**Analysis**:


### Example 2

```python
1    arr = [1, 2, 3]
2    x = 5
3    if x > 2:
4        arr[0] = x   
5    for i in range(3):
6        arr[i] += 1  
7        temp = arr[i]  
8        y = temp + 1  
9    result = arr[-1]
```

#### Example Question 2.1:
Does `(x,2)` have data dependence over `(arr,6)`? If so, provide a trace.

**Analysis**
- Line 6: `arr[i] += 1` modifies `arr[i]`, but i varies during the loop execution.
   - If `i == 0`, `arr[i]` refers to `arr[0]`, which was updated in line 4 (or line 6 itself), establishing a dependence chain `(arr,4)` -> `(arr,6)`.
   - If `i != 0`, `arr[i]` does not refer to `arr[0]`, meaning it depend on `(arr,1)` (or `(arr,6)` itself), not `(arr,4)`.
   - However, since static analysis considers all possible paths without resolving i’s runtime value, we must assume `arr[i]` could be `arr[0]`, leading to a possible dependence.
- Line 4: `arr[0] = x`, meaning `(arr,4)` depends on `(x,2)`.
- Line 2: `x` is initialized at `(x,2)`.
- Since there is a transitive chain of direct data dependence: `(x,2)->(arr,4)->(arr,6)`, the answer is yes.


**Output**:
```json
{
  "DataDependence": true,
  "Trace": [
    { "from": ["x", 2], "to": ["arr", 4] },
    { "from": ["arr", 4], "to": ["arr", 6] }
  ]
}
```


#### Example Question 2.2:
Does `(i,5)` have data dependence over `(temp,7)`? If so, provide a trace.

**Analysis**:
- Line 7: `temp = arr[i]`, meaning temp depends on `i`, since `i` determines which element of arr is accessed.
- Line 5: `i` is initialized and iterates over the range 0 to 3.
- Since there is a transitive chain of direct data dependence: `(i,5)->(temp,7)`, the answer is yes.


**Output**:
```json
{
  "DataDependence": true,
  "Trace": [
    { "from": ["i", 5], "to": ["temp", 7] }
  ]
}
```

#### Example Question 2.3:
Does `(i,5)` have data dependence over `(result,9)`? If so, provide a trace.

**Analysis**:
- Line 9: `result = arr[-1]`, meaning result depends on `arr[-1]`, which is arr[2], possibly get updated at line 6 (or line 1).
- Line 6: `arr[i] += 1`, meaning `arr[i]` is modified based on the value of `i`.
- Line 5: `i` iterates over 0 to 3.
- Since there is a transitive chain of direct data dependence: `(i,5)->(arr,6)->(result,9)`, the answer is yes.


**Output**:
```json
{
  "DataDependence": true,
  "Trace": [
    { "from": ["i", 5], "to": ["arr", 6] },
    { "from": ["arr", 6], "to": ["result", 9] }
  ]
}
```

---

[YOUR TURN]

Below is **your target snippet**. 

```Python
1   import sys
2   def solve(R, C):
3       moves = []
4       if R > C:
5           flippedmoves = solve(C, R)
6           for move in flippedmoves:
7               moves.append((move[1], move[0]))
8           return moves
9       if R == 2 and C == 2:
10          return moves
11      if R == 2 and C == 3:
12          return moves
13      if R == 2 and C == 4:
14          return moves
15      if R == 3 and C == 3:
16          return moves
17      if R == 3 and C == 4:
18          moves.append((1, 1))
19          moves.append((2, 3))
20          moves.append((3, 1))
21          moves.append((2, 4))
22          moves.append((1, 2))
23          moves.append((3, 3))
24          moves.append((1, 4))
25          moves.append((2, 2))
26          moves.append((3, 4))
27          moves.append((2, 1))
28          moves.append((1, 3))
29          moves.append((3, 2))
30          return moves
31      if R == 4 and C == 4:
32          moves.append((1, 1))
33          moves.append((2, 3))
34          moves.append((3, 1))
35          moves.append((4, 3))
36          moves.append((2, 4))
37          moves.append((1, 2))
38          moves.append((3, 3))
39          moves.append((1, 4))
40          moves.append((2, 2))
41          moves.append((4, 1))
42          moves.append((3, 4))
43          moves.append((2, 1))
44          moves.append((4, 2))
45          moves.append((1, 3))
46          moves.append((4, 4))
47          moves.append((3, 2))
48          return moves
49      if R == 2:
50          for c in range(3, C+1):
51              moves.append((2, c))
52              moves.append((1, c-2))
53          if C != 6:
54              moves.append((2, 1))
55              moves.append((1, C-1))
56              moves.append((2, 2))
57              moves.append((1, C))
58          else:
59              moves.append((2, 1))
60              moves.append((1, C))
61              moves.append((2, 2))
62              moves.append((1, C-1))
63          return moves
64      if R == 3:
65          for c in range(3, C+1):
66              moves.append((2, c))
67              moves.append((1, c-2))
68              moves.append((3, c-1))
69          moves.append((2, 1))
70          moves.append((3, C))
71          moves.append((1, C-1))
72          moves.append((2, 2))
73          moves.append((1, C))
74          moves.append((3, 1))
75          return moves
76      prevmoves = solve(R-2, C)
77      for c in range(3, C+1):
78          moves.append((2, c))
79          moves.append((1, c-2))
80      if C != 6:
81          moves.append((2, 1))
82          moves.append((1, C-1))
83          moves.append((2, 2))
84          moves.append((1, C))
85      else:
86          moves.append((2, 1))
87          moves.append((1, C))
88          moves.append((2, 2))
89          moves.append((1, C-1))
90      for move in prevmoves:
91          moves.append((move[0]+2, move[1]))
92      return moves
93  def invalid(pt1, pt2):
94      if pt1[0] == pt2[0]:
95          return True
96      if pt1[1] == pt2[1]:
97          return True
98      if pt1[0] - pt1[1] == pt2[0] - pt2[1]:
99          return True
100      if pt1[0] + pt1[1] == pt2[0] + pt2[1]:
101          return True
102      return False
103  T = int(raw_input())
104  for i in range(T):
105      stuff = [int(j) for j in raw_input().split()]
106      R = stuff[0]
107      C = stuff[1]
108      moves = solve(R, C)
109      if len(moves) == 0:
110          print "Case #" + str(i+1) + ": IMPOSSIBLE"
111      else:
112          print "Case #" + str(i+1) + ": POSSIBLE"
113          for move in moves:
114              print str(move[0]) + ' ' + str(move[1])
```


**Question**: Does `(moves,52)` have data dependence over `(moves,55)` in function `solve`? If so, provide a trace.

**Output**:


Ground truth answer: yes