[INSTRUCTIONS]

You are a program-analysis assistant. Perform a **static** data-dependence analysis on a given code snippet, treating each branch or loop condition as potentially taking any outcome, without using semantic or symbolic execution to prune paths.


## 1. Data Dependence Definition

   Data dependence captures the influence of data flow between variables.

   We denote each variable instance as `(var,lineNumber)`, meaning the variable `var` defined or updated at `lineNumber`.

   >  **Direct Data Dependence**
   A variable instance `(varB,lineB)` is **directly** data-dependent on `(varA,lineA)` if `lineA` writes to `varA`. Then, without overwritting the value of `varA`, `lineB` reads `varA` and compute the value of `varB`. In other words, the value of `(varB,lineB)` relies on the value produced at `(varA,lineA)`. In addition, changing the execution order of `(varA,lineA)` and `(varB,lineB)` would alter their results.


   A variable instance `(varB,lineB)` is data-dependent on `(varA,lineA)` if there is a **transitive** (indirect) chain of **direct** data dependencies from `(varA,lineA)` to `(varB,lineB)`. This is equivalent to saying that `(varA,lineA)` has data dependence over `(varB,lineB)`, meaning the value written at `(varA,lineA)` can propagate to `(varB,lineB)` through a sequence of read/write operations.


## 2. Output Format
   When asked "Does `(varA,lineA)` have data dependence over `(varB,lineB)`? If so, provide one feasible trace.": 
   - If data dependence exists, respond:
   ```json
   {
   "DataDependence": true,
   "Trace": [
      { "from": ["varA", lineA], "to": ["varX", lineX] },
      ...
      { "from": ["varY", lineY], "to": ["varB", lineB] }
      ]
   }
   ```

   -  If no data dependence exists, respond:
   ```json
   {
   "DataDependence": false
   }
   ```
   
   A **trace** represents a **transitive data flow**, where each item represents a **direct** data dependence edge. The full trace should begin with `(varA,lineA)` and end with `(varB,lineB)`.

   You only need to provide **one** valid chain of data dependence if you conclude a data dependence exists, even if multiple possible chains exist. 


## 3. Intraprocedural Data Dependence
   All dependence analysis is performed within **a single function**. We do not track dependencies across function boundaries. The analysis only applies to variables and control structures inside the **specified function**.

## 4. Example Code Snippet

### Example 1

```python
1    total = 0
2    value = 1
3    step = value
4    if step > 1:
5        value += 3
6    while total <= 10:
7        total += value
8        difference = total - step
9        step += 1
10   final_result = total * 2
```


#### Example Question 1.1:
Does `(value,2)` have data dependence over `(step,9)`? If so, provide a trace.

**Analysis**:
- Line 9: `step += 1`, meaning `(step,9)` is directly data-dependent on `(step,3)` (or `(step,9)` itself) because step is updated based on its previous value.
- Line 3: `step = value`, meaning `(step,3)` is directly data-dependent on `(value,2)`.
Therefore, there exists a transitive data dependence chain from `(value,2)` to `(step,9)` through `(step,3)`.


**Output**:
```json
{
  "DataDependence": true,
  "Trace": [
    { "from": ["value", 2], "to": ["step", 3] },
    { "from": ["step", 3], "to": ["step", 9] }
  ]
}
```

#### Example Question 1.2 
Does `(value,2)` have data dependence over `(total,7)`? If so, provide a trace.

**Analysis**:
- Line 7: `total += value`, meaning `(total,7)` reads `value` from either `(value,2)` or `(value,5)`.
- Line 5: `value` is updated in `value += 3`, meaning `(value,5)` depends on `(value,2)` (or `(value,5)` itself). However, this update is inside an if statement, which means it may or may not execute depending on runtime conditions.
- Line 2: value is initialized at `(value,2)`.


At this point, whether `(total,7)` depends on `(value,5)` depends on whether line 4 (`if step>1`) is `true`. Since this is a static analysis, all possible paths are considered without analyzing actual reachability. This means line 5 is treated as both possibly executed and possibly not executed.

- If line 4 evaluates to `true`, `(total,7)` depends on `(value,5)`, forming the trace: `(value,2) -> (value,5) -> (total,7)`. 
- If line 4 evaluates to `false`, `(total,7)` directly depends on `(value,2)`, forming the trace: `(value,2) -> (total,7)`

Therefore, the answer is yes.
Only one valid trace is required for the output. 

**Output**:
```json
{
  "DataDependence": true,
  "Trace": [
    { "from": ["value", 2], "to": ["value", 5] },
    { "from": ["value", 5], "to": ["total", 7] }
  ]
}

```



#### Example Question 1.3
Does `(step,3)` have data dependence over `(final_result,10)`? If so, provide a trace.  

**Analysis**:
Since there is no direct or transitive data dependence between `(step,3)` and `(final_result,10)`, the answer is No.

**Output**:
```json
{
  "DataDependence": false
}
```

**Analysis**:


### Example 2

```python
1    arr = [1, 2, 3]
2    x = 5
3    if x > 2:
4        arr[0] = x   
5    for i in range(3):
6        arr[i] += 1  
7        temp = arr[i]  
8        y = temp + 1  
9    result = arr[-1]
```

#### Example Question 2.1:
Does `(x,2)` have data dependence over `(arr,6)`? If so, provide a trace.

**Analysis**
- Line 6: `arr[i] += 1` modifies `arr[i]`, but i varies during the loop execution.
   - If `i == 0`, `arr[i]` refers to `arr[0]`, which was updated in line 4 (or line 6 itself), establishing a dependence chain `(arr,4)` -> `(arr,6)`.
   - If `i != 0`, `arr[i]` does not refer to `arr[0]`, meaning it depend on `(arr,1)` (or `(arr,6)` itself), not `(arr,4)`.
   - However, since static analysis considers all possible paths without resolving i’s runtime value, we must assume `arr[i]` could be `arr[0]`, leading to a possible dependence.
- Line 4: `arr[0] = x`, meaning `(arr,4)` depends on `(x,2)`.
- Line 2: `x` is initialized at `(x,2)`.
- Since there is a transitive chain of direct data dependence: `(x,2)->(arr,4)->(arr,6)`, the answer is yes.


**Output**:
```json
{
  "DataDependence": true,
  "Trace": [
    { "from": ["x", 2], "to": ["arr", 4] },
    { "from": ["arr", 4], "to": ["arr", 6] }
  ]
}
```


#### Example Question 2.2:
Does `(i,5)` have data dependence over `(temp,7)`? If so, provide a trace.

**Analysis**:
- Line 7: `temp = arr[i]`, meaning temp depends on `i`, since `i` determines which element of arr is accessed.
- Line 5: `i` is initialized and iterates over the range 0 to 3.
- Since there is a transitive chain of direct data dependence: `(i,5)->(temp,7)`, the answer is yes.


**Output**:
```json
{
  "DataDependence": true,
  "Trace": [
    { "from": ["i", 5], "to": ["temp", 7] }
  ]
}
```

#### Example Question 2.3:
Does `(i,5)` have data dependence over `(result,9)`? If so, provide a trace.

**Analysis**:
- Line 9: `result = arr[-1]`, meaning result depends on `arr[-1]`, which is arr[2], possibly get updated at line 6 (or line 1).
- Line 6: `arr[i] += 1`, meaning `arr[i]` is modified based on the value of `i`.
- Line 5: `i` iterates over 0 to 3.
- Since there is a transitive chain of direct data dependence: `(i,5)->(arr,6)->(result,9)`, the answer is yes.


**Output**:
```json
{
  "DataDependence": true,
  "Trace": [
    { "from": ["i", 5], "to": ["arr", 6] },
    { "from": ["arr", 6], "to": ["result", 9] }
  ]
}
```

---

[YOUR TURN]

Below is **your target snippet**. 

```Java
1   import java.io.*;
2   import java.lang.*;
3   import java.util.*;
4   public class Solution{
5       static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair>{
6           long value;
7           int count;
8           public Pair(long value,int count){
9               this.value = value;
10              this.count = count;
11          }
12          @Override
13          public int compareTo(Pair o){
14              return o.count - this.count;
15          }
16      }
17      public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
18          BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
19          int t = new Integer(br.readLine());
20          StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
21          for(int z=1;z<=t;z++){
22              sb.append("Case #"+z+": ");
23              StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
24              StringTokenizer st1 = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
25              int n = new Integer(st.nextToken());
26              int d = new Integer(st.nextToken());
27              if(n==1&&d==3){
28                  sb.append("2\n");
29                  continue;
30              }
31              else if(n==1&&d==2){
32                  sb.append("1\n");
33                  continue;
34              }
35              long[] array = new long[n];
36              for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
37                  array[i]=new Long(st1.nextToken());
38              }
39              Arrays.sort(array);
40              Pair[] ps = new Pair[n];
41              int w=0;
42              int count = 1;
43              for(int i=1;i<n;i++){
44                  if(array[i]==array[i-1]){
45                      count++;
46                  }
47                  else{
48                      ps[w++]=new Pair(array[i-1],count);
49                      count=1;
50                  }
51              }
52              ps[w++]=new Pair(array[n-1],count);
53              Arrays.sort(ps,0,w);
54              if(ps[0].count>=d){
55                  sb.append("0\n");
56                  continue;
57              }
58              else{
59                  if(d==2&&ps[0].count==1){
60                      sb.append("1\n");
61                      continue;
62                  }
63                  else if(d==3&&ps[0].count==2&&ps[0].value!=array[n-1]){
64                      sb.append("1\n");
65                      continue;
66                  }
67                  else if(d==3&&ps[0].count==2&&ps[0].value==array[n-1]){
68                      if(ps[1].count==2){
69                          sb.append("1\n");
70                          continue;
71                      }
72                      boolean flag = false;
73                      outer:for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
74                          for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
75                              if(array[j]==2*array[i]||array[i]==2*array[j]){
76                                  sb.append("1\n");
77                                  flag = true;
78                                  break outer;
79                              }
80                          }
81                      }
82                      if(!flag){
83                          sb.append("2\n");
84                          continue;
85                      }
86                  }
87                  else if(d==3&&ps[0].count==1){
88                      boolean flag = false;
89                      outer:for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
90                          for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
91                              if(array[j]==2*array[i]||array[i]==2*array[j]){
92                                  sb.append("1\n");
93                                  flag = true;
94                                  break outer;
95                              }
96                          }
97                      }
98                      if(!flag){
99                          sb.append("2\n");
100                          continue;
101                      }
102                  }
103              }
104          }
105          br.close();
106          System.out.println(sb);
107      }
108  }
```


**Question**: Does `(st,23)` have data dependence over `(ps,53)` in function `main`? If so, provide a trace.

**Output**:


Ground truth answer: yes