[INSTRUCTIONS]

You are a program-analysis assistant. Your task is to statically analyze the control dependence of a given code snippet. 

## 1. Control Dependence Definition
  Control dependence captures the influence of control-flow decisions on the execution of statements.

  A statement `S2` is control-dependent on `S1` if there is a **transitive** (indirect) chain of **direct** control dependencies from `S1` to `S2`. This is equivalent to saying that `S1` has control dependence over `S2`, meaning `S1`’s condition influences whether `S2` executes.


  **Direct Control Dependence**:
  A statement `S2` is **directly** control-dependent on a statement `S1` if:
  
  1.	`S1` is a conditional control statement (e.g., an `if`, `while`, `for`, `switch`, etc.).
  
  2.	`S1` directly determines whether `S2` executes. That is, `S1` has multiple successor branches, 

  - there exists **at least one branch** in which `S2` **always executes**, and
  - there exists **at least one other branch** in which `S2` does **not necessarily execute**.

    “Not necessarily execute” means that `S2` might execute or might not, but it is **not guaranteed** to execute in that branch.

  `S2` is **control-dependent** on `S1` if there exists a **transitive chain** of control dependencies from `S1` to `S2`, where each intermediate step in the chain represents a **direct** control dependence between two statements.



## 2. Output Format
When asked, “Does line `S1` have control dependence over line `S2`? If so, provide a trace.” You should respond in JSON format as follows:

- If there is a control dependence:

```json
{
  "ControlDependence": true,
  "Trace": [S1, ..., S2]
}
```

- If there is no control dependence:
```json
{
  "ControlDependence": false
}
```

A **trace** represents a **transitive control flow**, where each adjacent pair in the list reflects a **direct** control dependence. The trace must starts with `S1` and ends with `S2`.


    

## 3. Interprocedural Control Dependence
  All dependence analysis is performed within **a single function**. We do not track dependencies across function boundaries. The analysis only applies to variables and control structures inside the **specified function**.


## 4. Example Code Snippet

### Example 1

```python
1  if x > 0:
2      y = 10       # this line is directly control-dependent on line 1 (x>0)
3      if y > 5:
4          z = 20   # this line is directly control-dependent on line 3 (y>5)
5          w = 30   # this line is directly control-dependent on line 3 (y>5)
6  v = 40           # this line is NOT control-dependent on any line
```


**Analysis**:
- Line 2 is directly control-dependent on line 1 (`x>0`)
- Lines 4 and 5 are directly control-dependent on line 3 (`y>5`).
- Lines 4 and 5 are **indirectly** control-dependent on line 1 (`x>0`) becasue even if line 1 (`x>0`) is `true`, lines 4 and 5 may not execute if line 3’s condition (`y>5`) is `false`. However, since control dependence is transitive, lines 4 and 5 are **indirectly** control-dependent on line 1. 
- Line 6 is not control-dependent on any lines because Line 6 always executes, regardless of whether line 1 (`x>0`) or line 3 (`y>5`) is true or false.



#### Example Question 1.1: 
Does line `1` have control dependence over line `5`? If so, provide a trace.

**Output**: 
```json
{
  "ControlDependence": true,
  "Trace": [1, 3, 5]
}
```

#### Example Question 1.2:
Does line `3` have control dependence over line `6`? If so, provide a trace.

**Output**: 
```json
{
  "ControlDependence": false
}
```


### Example 2

```python
1  count = 0
2  if count < 5:
3      count += 1
4  print("Step 1 done")
5  while count < 10:
6      if count == 7:
7          break
8      if count % 2 == 0:
9          continue
10     count += 2
11     if count > 9:
12         count = 9
13     print("Iteration done")
14 print("End of program")
```

#### Example Question 2.1: 
Does line `5` have control dependence over line `13`? If so, provide a trace.

**Analysis**:
  - Line 13 is directly control-dependent on line 8 because if line 8 evaluates to `true`, continue skips line 13 for that iteration.
  - Line 8 is directly control-dependent on line 6 because if line 6 evaluates to `true`, the break statement terminates the loop, preventing line 8 from executing.
  - Line 6 is directly control-dependent on line 5 because the loop condition at line 5 determines whether line 6 executes. If line 5 evaluates to `false`, execution skips the loop entirely.


Since control dependence is transitive, line 5 indirectly controls line 13 through lines 6 and 8. The trace is `5->6->8->13`.

**Output**:
```json
{
  "ControlDependence": true,
  "Trace": [5, 6, 8, 13]
}
```

#### Example Question 2.2: 
Does line `8` have control dependence over line `10`? If so, provide a trace.


**Analysis**: Similar to the explanation above, line 8 is an `if` condition inside the `while` loop with a `continue`, so it can make the execution skip the rest of the loop entirely, including line 10. Therefore, line 10 directly control-dependent on 8.



**Output**:
```json
{
  "ControlDependence": true,
  "Trace": [8, 10]
}
```

#### Example Question 2.3: 
Does line `5` have control dependence over line `14`? If so, provide a trace.

**Analysis**: Line 5 doesn't affect whether line 14 is reached. Line 14 is outside the while loop (lines 5 -- 13) and will be executed regardless of the condition. 

**Output**:
```json
{
  "ControlDependence": false
}
```


#### Example Question 2.4: 
Does line `2` have control dependence over line `12`? If so, provide a trace.

**Analysis**: Line 2 doesn't affect whether line 12 is reached. The condition in line 2 only controls whether line 3 is executed. Line 12 is in while loop (line 5 -- 13) and will or will not be executed regardless of the condition in line 2. 

**Output**:
```json
{
  "ControlDependence": false
}
```

---

[YOUR TURN]

Below is **your target snippet**. 

```C
1   #include <stdio.h>
2   #include <stdlib.h>
3   #pragma GCC optimize ("O3")
4   inline static int gl(void){
5       int x = 0;
6       for(;;){
7           unsigned int c = getchar_unlocked() - 48;
8           if(c < 10){
9               x = x*10 + c;
10          }else{
11              break;
12          }
13      }
14      return x;
15  }
16  inline static void pl(unsigned int s){
17      char str[9];
18      int pos=9;
19      if(s==0){
20          putchar_unlocked('0');
21          return;
22      }
23      do{
24          pos--;
25          str[pos]=s%10+48;
26          s/=10;
27      }while(s!=0);
28      for(; pos<9; pos++){
29          putchar_unlocked(str[pos]);
30      }
31  }
32  int main(void){
33      static unsigned short out[1000000];
34      char a[501];
35      const int h=gl(), w=gl();
36      int pos=0;
37      char haveCoin = 0;
38      short old_y, old_x;
39      for(int i=1; i<=h; i++){
40          for(int j=1; j<=w; j++){
41              int t = getchar_unlocked() - 48;
42              getchar_unlocked();
43              a[j] = t;
44          }
45          if(i%2==1){
46              for(int j=1; j<=w; j++){
47                  if(haveCoin){
48                      out[4*pos+0]=old_y;
49                      out[4*pos+1]=old_x;
50                      out[4*pos+2]=i;
51                      out[4*pos+3]=j;
52                      pos++;
53                  }
54                  haveCoin ^= a[j]&1;
55                  old_y = i;
56                  old_x = j;
57              }
58          }else{
59              for(int j=w; j>0; j--){
60                  if(haveCoin){
61                      out[4*pos+0]=old_y;
62                      out[4*pos+1]=old_x;
63                      out[4*pos+2]=i;
64                      out[4*pos+3]=j;
65                      pos++;
66                  }
67                  haveCoin ^= a[j]&1;
68                  old_y = i;
69                  old_x = j;
70              }
71          }
72      }
73      pl(pos); putchar_unlocked('\n');
74      for(int i=0; i<pos; i++){
75          pl(out[4*i+0]); putchar_unlocked(' ');
76          pl(out[4*i+1]); putchar_unlocked(' ');
77          pl(out[4*i+2]); putchar_unlocked(' ');
78          pl(out[4*i+3]); putchar_unlocked('\n');
79      }
80      return 0;
81  }
```


**Question**: Does line `40` have control dependence over line `43` in function `main`? If so, provide a trace.

**Output**:


Ground truth answer: yes