Clinical trial NCT00402597: Rivaroxaban in Combination With Aspirin Alone or With Aspirin and a Thienopyridine in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes (The ATLAS ACS TIMI 46 Trial)
Official title: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Dose-Escalation and Dose-Confirmation Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Rivaroxaban in Combination With Aspirin Alone or With Aspirin and a Thienopyridine in Subjects With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Acute Coronary Syndrome
Keywords: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Myocardial Ischemia
Rivaroxaban (BAY59-7939)
Anti-platelet agents
Aspirin
Thienopyridine
Clopidogrel
Lead sponsor: Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C.
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
Collaborators: name: Bayer
First posted: 2006-11-22
Enrollment: 3490
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 75
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of rivaroxaban in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to assess the ability of rivaroxaban to reduce the occurrence of death, myocardial infarction (heart attack), repeat myocardial infarctions, stroke, and ischemia (inadequate blood supply to a local area) in patients with recent ACS.

Detailed description: This is a randomized (patients will be assigned to study treatment by chance), double-blind (neither the patient nor the study doctor will know the identity of the assigned study treatment) study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rivaroxaban (study drug) compared to placebo (a tablet identical in appearance to study drug but contains no active drug) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS \[a condition where blood flow in a blood vessel in the heart is restricted because of a blood clot\]). Rivaroxaban is a drug that acts as a blood thinner and is being tested to see if it will be safe and effective in patients diagnosed ACS. The goal of this study is to identify the dose and dosing schedule (once-a-day or twice-a-day dosing) of rivaroxaban that will be safe and effective in preventing adverse cardiovascular outcomes such as death, myocardial infarctions (MI) including repeat myocardial infarction (reMI), stroke, or ischemia (inadequate blood supply to a local area) requiring revascularization (ie, the re-establishment of blood supply to a part or an organ) in patients with ACS who are receiving antiplatelet therapy (ie, aspirin alone or aspirin plus an approved thienopyridine, a type of drug such as clopidogrel that acts to inhibit the formation of blood clots). Approximately 3500 patients are planned to participate in the study for approximately 7 months. At study entry, all patients who are currently receiving treatment for ACS with antiplatelet therapy will be permitted to continue this therapy during the study. Patients will be enrolled and randomized to receive placebo, rivaroxaban administered as a once-daily dose, or rivaroxaban administered as a twice-daily dose at each dose level of rivaroxaban tested. Patients randomized at each dose level will continue to receive the same treatment for 6 months. Near the end of enrollment at the first dose level, available safety and efficacy data from patients will be assessed by an Operations Committee before enrolling and randomizing additional patients to the next higher dose level of rivaroxaban. Increasing dose levels of rivaroxaban are planned; however, progression to each higher dose level will be at the discretion of the Operations Committee. Patient safety will be monitored by evaluating adverse events reported, results from clinical laboratory tests, findings from electrocardiograms (ECGs) and vital signs measurements, findings from physical examinations, and the number of patients with protocol-defined major or minor bleeding, or bleeding requiring medical attention. All patients will take study drug or placebo tablets orally (by mouth) twice daily for 6 months starting at an initial total daily dose of 5 mg. Both once- and twice-daily dosing regimens will be tested at each rivaroxaban dose level planned.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Have symptoms suggestive of ACS that lasted at least 10 minutes at rest occurring within 7 days of randomization
* Have a diagnosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction/unstable angina (ie, chest pain or discomfort) (ST elevation is an abnormal finding from an ECG test) with at least 1 protocol-defined high risk feature

Exclusion Criteria:

* Active bleeding or high risk of bleeding or intracranial hemorrhage (bleeding within the skull enclosing the brain)
* Need for continued anticoagulant therapy
* Significantly impaired renal (kidney) or hepatic (liver) function
* Severe concomitant diseases such as cardiogenic shock (heart damage that results in insufficient blood supply to other parts or organs of the body), refractory ventricular arrhythmias (irregular contractions of the heart unresponsive to treatment), or any severe condition that would limit life expectancy of the patient to less than 6 months

Primary outcomes:
measure: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Clinically Significant Bleeding Events (Primary Safety)
timeFrame: Day 1 to Day 210
measure: The Composite Endpoint of All Cause Death, Myocardial Infarction (MI) (Including Repeat MI), Stroke (Ischemic, Hemorrhagic or Unknown), or Severe Recurrent Ischemia Requiring Revascularization (Primary Efficacy)
timeFrame: Day 1 to Day 210
Secondary outcomes:
measure: The Composite Endpoint of Death (All Cause), Myocardial Infarction (MI) (or Repeat MI), or Stroke
timeFrame: Day 1 to Day 210
measure: The Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular Death, Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Stroke
timeFrame: Day 1 to Day 210
measure: The Number of Deaths (All Cause)
timeFrame: Day 1 to Day 210
measure: The Composite Endpoint of Death (All Cause), MI (or reMI), Stroke, Severe Recurrent Ischemia Requiring Revascularization, or Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) (Major or Minor Bleeding) to Assess the Net Clinical Benefit
timeFrame: Day 1 to Day 210
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
affiliation: Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C.
name: Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L. C. Clinical Trial
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
citation: Mega JL, Braunwald E, Mohanavelu S, Burton P, Poulter R, Misselwitz F, Hricak V, Barnathan ES, Bordes P, Witkowski A, Markov V, Oppenheimer L, Gibson CM; ATLAS ACS-TIMI 46 study group. Rivaroxaban versus placebo in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ATLAS ACS-TIMI 46): a randomised, double-blind, phase II trial. Lancet. 2009 Jul 4;374(9683):29-38. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60738-8. Epub 2009 Jun 17.
citation: Gibson WJ, Nafee T, Travis R, Yee M, Kerneis M, Ohman M, Gibson CM. Machine learning versus traditional risk stratification methods in acute coronary syndrome: a pooled randomized clinical trial analysis. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020 Jan;49(1):1-9. doi: 10.1007/s11239-019-01940-8.
citation: Gibson CM, Mega JL, Burton P, Goto S, Verheugt F, Bode C, Plotnikov A, Sun X, Cook-Bruns N, Braunwald E. Rationale and design of the Anti-Xa therapy to lower cardiovascular events in addition to standard therapy in subjects with acute coronary syndrome-thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 51 (ATLAS-ACS 2 TIMI 51) trial: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in subjects with acute coronary syndrome. Am Heart J. 2011 May;161(5):815-821.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2011.01.026.