Clinical trial NCT06859554: Efficacy and Safety of GTN vs. Nifedipine in Acute Anal Fissure: A Clinical Trial
Official title: Assessing the Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety Profile of Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) and Nifedipine Ointments in Acute Anal Fissure Treatment: A Parallel-arm Clinical Trial
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE4
Conditions: Acute Anal Fissure
Anal Pain
Anorectal Disorders
Sphincter Spasm
Keywords: Anal fissure treatment
Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN)
Nifedipine ointment
Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
Pain relief in anal fissures
Lead sponsor: Federal Government Polyclinic (Postgraduate Medical Institute)
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Federal Government Polyclinic (Postgraduate Medical Institute)
First posted: 2025-03-05
Enrollment: 110
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Intervention model description: This is a randomized, double-blind, parallel-arm clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of GTN (0.2% and 0.4%) versus Nifedipine (0.2% and 0.5%) in the treatment of acute anal fissures.
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety profile of Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) and Nifedipine ointments in the treatment of acute anal fissures in adults. The main questions it aims to answer are:

Which ointment is more effective in promoting fissure healing and symptom relief? What are the adverse effects associated with each treatment? Researchers will compare GTN and Nifedipine ointments to determine which provides better symptom resolution with fewer side effects.

Participants will:

Apply GTN or Nifedipine ointment topically twice daily for four weeks Attend follow-up visits for symptom assessment and adverse effect monitoring

Detailed description: Background and Rationale:

Anal fissures are painful linear tears in the anoderm, commonly caused by trauma from hard stool passage, leading to increased internal anal sphincter tone and ischemia. Acute fissures typically heal within six to eight weeks, while chronic fissures persist beyond this period. First-line treatment includes non-surgical options such as topical pharmacotherapy to reduce sphincter spasm and improve mucosal blood flow.

Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) and Nifedipine are widely used topical agents for anal fissure management. GTN acts as a nitric oxide donor, reducing sphincter tone via smooth muscle relaxation, though it is often associated with headaches. Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, lowers sphincter tone by inhibiting calcium influx into smooth muscle cells and has a more favorable side effect profile. Despite their widespread use, their comparative efficacy and safety remain a subject of debate.

This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to compare GTN and Nifedipine ointments in acute anal fissure treatment, evaluating symptom resolution, healing rates, and adverse effects to determine the optimal therapeutic choice.

Study Overview:

This double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm clinical trial will compare GTN and Nifedipine in patients with acute anal fissures. Participants will be allocated into:

GTN Group: Receiving either 0.2% or 0.4% GTN ointment, applied twice daily for four weeks.

Nifedipine Group: Receiving either 0.2% or 0.5% Nifedipine ointment, applied twice daily for four weeks.

The primary outcome is healing rate at four weeks, with secondary outcomes including pain reduction, side effects, patient satisfaction, and recurrence rates over six months.

Data Analysis:

Collected data will undergo statistical analysis using Chi-square tests, ANOVA, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and logistic regression modeling to identify treatment effectiveness and predictors of success.

Ethical Considerations:

The study is approved by the Federal Government Polyclinic Ethics Review Board, with written informed consent obtained from participants. All procedures comply with Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines, and data confidentiality will be strictly maintained.

Expected Impact:

This study aims to refine treatment protocols for acute anal fissures, offering evidence-based guidance on the most effective and safest medical therapy, potentially reducing the need for surgical intervention.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants must meet all of the following criteria to be eligible for the study:
* Age 18 to 65 years (to exclude elderly patients with different treatment responses).
* Diagnosis of acute anal fissure based on clinical examination (symptom duration ≤6 weeks).
* Willingness to participate in the study and provide written informed consent.
* Availability for follow-up visits during the study period.
* No prior use of GTN or Nifedipine for anal fissure within the past one month.
* Presence of at least one of following symptoms: Anal pain, Bleeding during or after defecation and Difficulty in defecation

Exclusion Criteria:

* Participants will be excluded if they meet any of the following criteria:
* History of chronic anal fissure (\>6 weeks duration) or prior anal fissure treatment within the past month.
* Pregnant or breastfeeding women.
* Known allergy or hypersensitivity to Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) or Nifedipine ointments.
* History of cardiovascular diseases or contraindications to GTN or Nifedipine (e.g., hypotension, severe heart disease).
* Presence of severe systemic diseases (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes, renal failure, autoimmune disorders) or conditions that may affect wound healing or medication tolerance.
* Use of other topical treatments for anal fissure within the past month.
* Secondary anal fissures associated with conditions e.g crohn's disease, tuberculosis, syphilis, HIV and other systemic diseases
* Previous anal surgery (including lateral internal sphincterotomy).
* History of recurrent anal fissures (\>2 previous episodes in the past year).
* Inability to comply with study requirements or follow-up visits.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Healing Rate at 4 Weeks
timeFrame: 4 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Change in Pain Scores (Visual Analog Scale [VAS])
timeFrame: 4 weeks
measure: Incidence and Severity of Adverse Effects
timeFrame: 4 weeks
measure: Patient Satisfaction with Treatment ( Self-validated Patient Satisfaction Score)
timeFrame: 4 weeks
measure: Time to Symptom Resolution
timeFrame: 4 weeks
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Islamabad
country: Pakistan
facility: Federal Government Polyclinic (Postgraduate Medical Institute)
state: Capital
Study officials:
affiliation: Federal Government Polyclinic (Postgraduate Medical Institute)
name: Naveed Ullah Khan, Consultant surgery, HOD
role: STUDY_CHAIR
References:
citation: Mustafa NA, Cengiz S, Turkyilmaz S, Yucel Y. Comparison of topical glyceryl trinitrate ointment and oral nifedipine in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Acta Chir Belg. 2006 Jan-Feb;106(1):55-8. doi: 10.1080/00015458.2006.11679834.
citation: Wang C, Ni J, Xiong Y, Chen J, Li B, Xu L. The efficacy of diltiazem, glyceryl trinitrate, nifedipine, minoxidil, and lidocaine for the medical management of anal fissure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Surg. 2025 Apr 1;111(4):3020-3029. doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002263.
citation: Momayez Sanat Z, Mohammadi Ganjaroudi N, Mansouri M. The Effect of Topical Nifedipine versus Diltiazem on the Acute Anal Fissure: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2023 Apr;15(2):121-125. doi: 10.34172/mejdd.2023.330. Epub 2023 Apr 30.
citation: Shrestha SK, Thapa PB, Maharjan DK, Tamang TY. Effectiveness of 0.2% Glyceryl Trinitrate and 0.5% Nifedipine in the Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissure. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2017 Jan-Mar;56(205):149-152.