Clinical trial NCT02235805: Magnesium and Vascular Stiffness
Official title: The Effects of Magnesium on Vascular Stiffness: A Long-term Study in Healthy Overweight and Slightly Obese Men and Women
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Metabolic Syndrome
Obesity
Keywords: Metabolic Syndrome
Obesity
Magnesium Supplementation
Vascular Stiffness
Vascular Function
Lead sponsor: Maastricht University Medical Center
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Top Institute Food and Nutrition
First posted: 2014-09-10
Enrollment: 52
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 45
Maximum age (years): 70
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: Observational epidemiologic studies have observed an inverse relationship between daily dietary magnesium intake and blood pressure (BP). Except for BP, magnesium may also beneficially affect other cardiovascular risk markers. Whether all these effects translate into improved vascular function is not known. Different vascular function markers at various stages on the pathway between diet and disease exist. One of these markers, vascular stiffness, is closely related to the process of atherosclerosis, an independent cardiovascular risk factor, and predictive of future cardiovascular events and mortality. To examine the integrated effects of interventions on cardiovascular risk, vascular stiffness may therefore serve as a marker at the later stage of cardiovascular disease development.

Therefore, it is imperative to examine in a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way parallel-group human intervention study, the effect of magnesium on vascular stiffness. Focus will be on carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), the gold standard for the evaluation of vascular elasticity, to quantify vascular stiffness. Urinary excretion of magnesium will be used to assess dietary magnesium uptake. Furthermore, time courses of an increased magnesium intake on changes in BP, other markers reflecting vascular function, and plasma biomarkers related to low-grade inflammation and vascular activity will be measured to unravel possible cause-effect relationships.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged between 45-70 years
* Women postmenopausal: two or more years after last menstruation
* BMI between 25-35 kg/m2 (overweight and slightly obese)
* Plasma glucose \< 7.0 mmol/L
* Serum total cholesterol \< 8.0 mmol/L
* Serum triacylglycerol \< 4.5 mmol/L
* No current smoker
* No diabetic patients
* No familial hypercholesterolemia
* No abuse of drugs
* Less than 21 alcoholic consumptions per week
* Stable body weight (weight gain or loss \< 3 kg in the past three months)
* No use of proton pump inhibitors or medication known to treat blood pressure, serum lipid or glucose metabolism
* No use of dietary supplements or an investigational product within another biomedical within the previous 1-month
* No severe medical conditions that might interfere with the study, such as epilepsy, asthma, kidney failure or renal insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, auto inflammatory diseases and rheumatoid arthritis
* No active cardiovascular disease like congestive heart failure or cardiovascular event, such as an acute myocardial infarction or cerebro vascular accident
* Willingness to give up being a blood donor (or having donated blood) from 8 weeks before the start of the study and during the study
* No difficult venipuncture as evidenced during the screening visit

Exclusion Criteria:

* High habitual dietary magnesium intake
* Plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L
* Serum total cholesterol ≥ 8.0 mmol/L
* Serum triacylglycerol ≥ 4.5 mmol/L
* Current smoker, or smoking cessation \< 12 months
* Diabetic patients
* Familial hypercholesterolemia
* Abuse of drugs
* More than 21 alcoholic consumptions per week
* Unstable body weight (weight gain or loss \> 3 kg in the past three months)
* Use of proton pump inhibitors or medication known to treat blood pressure, serum lipid or glucose metabolism
* Use of dietary supplements or an investigational product within another biomedical within the previous 1-month
* Severe medical conditions that might interfere with the study, such as epilepsy, asthma, kidney failure or renal insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, auto inflammatory diseases and rheumatoid arthritis
* Active cardiovascular disease like congestive heart failure or cardiovascular event, such as an acute myocardial infarction or cerebro vascular accident
* Not willing to give up being a blood donor (or having donated blood) from 8 weeks before the start of the study and during the study
* Not or difficult to venipuncture as evidenced during the screening visit

Primary outcomes:
measure: Vascular stiffness: effects of magnesium citrate supplementation
timeFrame: Baseline (0 weeks) and after medium-term (12 weeks) and long-term (24 weeks) magnesium citrate supplementation
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Vascular function markers: effects of magnesium citrate supplementation
timeFrame: Baseline (0 weeks) and after long-term (24 weeks) magnesium citrate supplementation
measure: Metabolic risk markers related to the metabolic syndrome: effects of magnesium citrate supplementation
timeFrame: Baseline (0 weeks) and after medium-term (12 weeks) and long-term (24 weeks) magnesium citrate supplementation
measure: Blood pressure: effects of magnesium citrate supplementation
timeFrame: Baseline (0 weeks) and after long-term (24 weeks) magnesium citrate supplementation
Other outcomes:
measure: Dietary magnesium uptake
timeFrame: Baseline (0 weeks) and after long-term (24 weeks) magnesium citrate supplementation
Locations:
city: Maastricht
country: Netherlands
facility: Maastricht University Medical Center
Study officials:
affiliation: Maastricht University Medical Center
name: Ronald P Mensink, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Schutten JC, Joris PJ, Minovic I, Post A, van Beek AP, de Borst MH, Mensink RP, Bakker SJL. Long-term magnesium supplementation improves glucocorticoid metabolism: A post-hoc analysis of an intervention trial. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2021 Feb;94(2):150-157. doi: 10.1111/cen.14350. Epub 2020 Oct 26.
citation: Joris PJ, Plat J, Bakker SJ, Mensink RP. Long-term magnesium supplementation improves arterial stiffness in overweight and obese adults: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 May;103(5):1260-6. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.131466. Epub 2016 Apr 6.