louisbrulenaudet/clinical-trials huggingface dataset:
Clinical trial NCT01446198: Clinical Evaluation of the APTIMA® HPV Assay Using the PANTHER™ System
Official title: Clinical Evaluation of the APTIMA® HPV Assay Using the PANTHER™ System
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Human Papilloma Virus Infection
Keywords: HPV
Lead sponsor: Gen-Probe, Incorporated
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2011-10-05
Enrollment: 11816
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Observational model: CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective: RETROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Subjects with AHPV Assay positive results and subjects with AHPV negative results

Brief summary: The objective is to establish that APTIMA HPV Assay performance on the PANTHER System is comparable to performance on the TIGRIS System.

Detailed description: The APTIMA HPV Assay is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for the qualitative detection of E6/E7 viral messenger RNA (mRNA) from 14 high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical specimens. The high-risk HPV types detected by the assay include: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68. The APTIMA HPV Assay does not discriminate between the 14 high-risk types. Cervical specimens collected in ThinPrep Pap Test vials containing PreservCyt® Solution with commercially available collection devices (broom-type device or cytobrush/spatula combination) may be tested with the APTIMA HPV Assay either pre- or post-Pap processing. The assay is used with the TIGRIS System and the PANTHER System.

The objective is to establish that APTIMA HPV Assay performance on the PANTHER System is comparable to performance on the TIGRIS System.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* the sample had an aliquot with a valid positive or negative APTIMA HPV Assay TIGRIS System result (from testing under protocol 2007HPVASCUS30)
* an aliquot is available and suitable for testing, and
* the sample was randomly selected for inclusion.

Exclusion Criteria:

* sample integrity was compromised (eg, stored under unacceptable conditions)

Primary outcomes:
measure: HPV Assay result Agreement between TIGRIS and PANTHER Systems
timeFrame: 1 month
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: San Diego
country: United States
facility: Gen-Probe Incorporated
state: California
city: Minneapolis
country: United States
facility: Hennepin County Medical Center
state: Minnesota
city: Burlington
country: United States
facility: LabCorp Corporation of America
state: North Carolina
Study officials:
affiliation: Gen-Probe, Incorporated
name: Tadd S Lazarus, M.D.
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT01752998: Treating Chronic Pain in Buprenorphine Patients in Primary Care Settings
Official title: Treating Chronic Pain in Buprenorphine Patients in Primary Care Settings
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Pain
Depression
Substance Use
Keywords: pain
depression
substance use
Lead sponsor: Butler Hospital
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2012-12-19
Enrollment: 28
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 75
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Individuals will be recruited by posted advertisements in the waiting rooms of the PCP offices and by physician referral. After an initial phone screen, research staff will meet with interested individuals in their PCP offices for informed consent, baseline interview and randomization. Participants will be randomized into a Health Education study arm, and receive 7 individual sessions on general health education, or an Intervention study arm, and receive 7 individual sessions of the Treating Opioid Patients' Pain and Sadness (TOPPS) intervention.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Chronic Pain, defined as pain duration for at least six months with a mean score of 5 or higher on the BPI Pain Interference Scale;
* Pain severity of 40 or higher on a Visual Analog Scale (0-100) indicating "worst pain in the last week";
* Previous attempt at initial steps of PCP guideline pain care: must have had at least one trial of recommended medication (i.e. acetaminophen, NSAIDS, skeletal muscle relaxants) judged through interviews with patients and PCPs;
* QIDS score of ≥ 10 (depression severity)
* If using an antidepressant, the dose must be stable for the previous 2 months;
* Age 18 or older
* Has received buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone)for at least the last 3 months;
* Plan to continue buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone)for at least 3 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Lifetime DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or other chronic psychotic condition;
* Current DSM-IV diagnosis of substance dependence for sedative/hypnotic drugs, alcohol, stimulants, or cocaine;
* Suicidal ideation or behavior requiring immediate attention;
* In psychotherapy or in a multidisciplinary pain management program at baseline;
* Anticipate having surgery in the next 6 months;
* Pain thought to be due to cancer, infection, inflammatory arthritis, or associated with severe or progressive neurological deficits;
* SSDI or SSI claim pending;
* Pregnancy.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Pain
timeFrame: 4 months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Depression
timeFrame: 4 months
measure: Substance Use
timeFrame: 4 months
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Providence
country: United States
facility: Butler Hospital
state: Rhode Island
Study officials:
affiliation: Butler Hospital
name: Michael Stein, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT06432998: Perineal Massage in Women With Gynecological Cancer
Official title: Oncological Perineal Massage in Vaginal Stenosis and Dyspareunia in Women With Gynecological Cancer
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: NA
Conditions: Cancer Pain
Neck Cancer
Lead sponsor: University of Alcala
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2024-05-29
Enrollment: 35
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 52
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The high incidence of gynecological cancers, together with dyspareunia and vaginal stenosis, some of its most frequent sequelae, create the need to continue studying and researching oncological physiotherapy techniques that treat and prevent these sequelae, in order to preserve and/or improve the quality of life of cancer patients. Therefore, through this study, we sought to verify the effectiveness of oncological perineal massage to treat pain during sexual intercourse and vaginal stenosis.

The objective of this study will be to demonstrate the effectiveness of a treatment that will consist of a health education session related to the pelvic floor and the consequences related to cancer along with ten sessions of oncological perineal massage that will be carried out for fifty minutes, once a week.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Women between 18 and 52 years old
* Oncology patients with a diagnosis of dyspareunia and vaginal stenosis related to treatments.
* Patients with QT/RT/BT treatment who have a diagnosis of dyspareunia and vaginal stenosis.
* Patients on hormonal suppressive treatment with a diagnosis of dyspareunia and vaginal stenosis.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who do not accept intracavitary treatment.
* Patients with abdominopelvic surgical treatment prior to oncological process.
* Patients with a diagnosis of dyspareunia prior to cancer.
* Patients with vaginal narrowing prior to cancer.
* Patients with menopause at the time of cancer diagnosis

Primary outcomes:
measure: Pain (Visual Analoge Scale)
timeFrame: Change from baseline at six months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE)
timeFrame: Change from baseline at six months
measure: Quality of life (EORCT QLQ-C30)
timeFrame: Change from baseline at six months
measure: Female sexual function index
timeFrame: Change from baseline at six months
measure: Likert questionnaire by sexual dysfunction
timeFrame: Change from baseline at six months
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Santa cruz de Tenerife.
country: Spain
facility: Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer en la provincia de Santa cruz de Tenerife.
state: Tenerife
Study officials:
affiliation: Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer en la provincia de Santa cruz de Tenerife.
name: Raquel Perez-García
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT03364998: BAY94-9027 PK Study Comparing to Another Long Acting Product
Official title: Single Dose, Open Label, Randomized, Crossover Study in Subjects With Severe Hemophilia A Comparing Pharmacokinetic Parameters of BAY 94 9027 and Elocta
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE1
Conditions: Hemophilia A
Lead sponsor: Bayer
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2017-12-07
Enrollment: 18
Sex: MALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 65
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Intervention model description: Each subject will receive the two treatments. Pharmacokinetic samples will be collected from pre-dose until 120 hours after the end of the injection of the single dose in each treatment arm.
Primary purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to compare the pharmacokinetics of BAY94-9027 and Elocta after intravenous administration.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Males, age 18 to 65 years.
* Subjects with Severe Hemophilia A with a documented plasma FVIII level of \< 1%
* ≥ 150 exposure days with FVIII concentrate(s) as supported by medical records

Exclusion Criteria:

* Evidence of current or past inhibitor antibody:
* History of any congenital or acquired coagulation disorders other than hemophilia A.
* Platelet count \<75,000/mm\*3.
* Abnormal renal function (serum creatinine \>2 x the upper limit of the normal range).
* Active liver disease verified by medical history or persistently elevated alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase \>5 x the upper limit of the normal range or severe liver disease as evidenced by, but not limited to any of the following: International Normalized Ratio \>1.4, hypoalbuminemia, portal vein hypertension including presence of otherwise unexplained splenomegaly and history of esophageal varices.

Primary outcomes:
measure: AUC from time 0 to the last data point
timeFrame: Pre-Dose and up to 120 hours post dose
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Sofia
country: Bulgaria
facility: SHATHD Spec. Hospi. for Active Treatm. of Haematol. Dis. EAD
Study officials:
References:
citation: Shah A, Solms A, Wiegmann S, Ahsman M, Berntorp E, Tiede A, Iorio A, Mancuso ME, Zhivkov T, Lissitchkov T. Direct comparison of two extended-half-life recombinant FVIII products: a randomized, crossover pharmacokinetic study in patients with severe hemophilia A. Ann Hematol. 2019 Sep;98(9):2035-2044. doi: 10.1007/s00277-019-03747-2. Epub 2019 Jun 24.
Clinical trial NCT00170898: Safety and Efficacy of Lumiracoxib Versus Naproxen in Acute Musculoskeletal Pain
Official title: A 7-Day Multicenter Randomized Double-Blind, Double-Dummy Parallel Group Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of 400 mg Lumiracoxib Once Daily Versus 500 mg Naproxen Twice Daily in Patients With Acute Musculoskeletal Pain Due to Uncomplicated Soft Tissue Injury
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE4
Conditions: Musculoskeletal Pain
Keywords: Musculoskeletal pain
cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors
lumiracoxib
naproxen
Lead sponsor: Novartis
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2005-09-15
Enrollment: 419
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: This study is designed to develop our understanding of the risk-benefit of using lumiracoxib in patients with acute musculoskeletal pain due to uncomplicated soft tissue injury.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria

* Patients with acute musculoskeletal pain following an uncomplicated soft tissue injury (within the last 72 hours) which is expected to be self-limiting, requiring short-term treatment with a NSAID.
* Patients' acute musculoskeletal pain at baseline must be ≥ 50 mm on a 0 - 100 mm on a Visual Analogue Scale.
* Patients may have taken analgesic therapy following injury. However, the baseline pain intensity assessment should be taken: (i) 4 hours after the last dose of ≤ 400 mg ibuprofen, ≤ 1000 mg paracetamol, ≤ 600 mg aspirin or ≤ 2 tablets of other over-the-counter analgesic aspirin-based or paracetamol-based combination medications (ii) or 8 hours after the last dose of \> 400 mg ibuprofen or ≤ 50 mg diclofenac

Exclusion Criteria

* Patients whose pain is due to an acute exacerbation of a chronic condition e.g. osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus.
* Patients who have taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the previous 24 hours (other than aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac, as described above).

Other protocol-defined inclusion/ exclusion criteria may apply.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Decrease in sum of pain intensity difference scores over first 5 days of treatment
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Decrease in sum of pain intensity difference scores over 7 days of treatment; Improvement in how pts feel about their pain; Comparable perceived pain relief; Comparable treatment satisfaction
measure: Safety and efficacy as compared to naproxen.
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Frimley
country: United Kingdom
facility: For site information contact, Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Limited
Study officials:
affiliation: Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Limited
name: Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Limited Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Limited
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
citation: Kyle C, Zachariah J, Kinch H, Ellis G, Andrews C, Adekunle F. A randomised, double-blind study comparing lumiracoxib with naproxen for acute musculoskeletal pain. Int J Clin Pract. 2008 Nov;62(11):1684-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01906.x.
Clinical trial NCT04722198: Effects of Lactobacillus Plantarum PS128 on Symptoms of Early-onset Parkinson's Disease: a Pilot Study
Official title: Effects of Lactobacillus Plantarum PS128 on Symptoms of Early-onset Parkinson's Disease: a Pilot Study
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: NA
Conditions: Early Onset Parkinson Disease
Lead sponsor: Professor Lu Neurological Clinic
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2021-01-25
Enrollment: 20
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 20
Maximum age (years): 80
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: OTHER

Brief summary: This study is designed to examine L. plantarum PS128 can improve symptoms in early onset PD patients. L. plantarum PS128 is a psychobiotic that regulates the level of dopamine in specific brain regions. Patients with early onset PD will receive PS128 treatment for 12 weeks. Symptoms of PD will be clinically evaluated before and after the treatment, and the results will be compared.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Early Onset Parkinson's Disease, EOPD
* at least 9 years education
* age between 20 and 80 years old

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients on antibiotics within the preceding one month
* Patients using of other probiotic products (sachet, capsule or tablet) within the preceding two weeks
* Have undergone surgery of liver, bladder, or gastrointestinal tract
* Have current or history of inflammatory bowel disease
* Have history of cancer
* Known allergy to probiotics
* Patients with comorbid dementia (Mini-Mental State Examination score ≤ 26) or major depression (The Beck Depression Inventory-II score ≥ 29)
* Have received deep brain stimulation
* Patients receiving artificial enteral or intravenous nutrition
* Diagnosed before 40 years old
* Poor control of other chronic diseases
* Not eligible judged by PI

Primary outcomes:
measure: UPDRS III
timeFrame: 12 weeks
measure: MHY
timeFrame: 12 weeks
measure: TUG
timeFrame: 12 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: UPDRS I-IV
timeFrame: Baseline and Post-12 weeks
measure: SCL-90-R
timeFrame: Baseline and Post-12 weeks
measure: CPSQI
timeFrame: Baseline and Post-12 weeks
measure: VAS-GI
timeFrame: Baseline and Post-12 weeks
measure: PGIC
timeFrame: Post-12 weeks
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Taoyuan City
country: Taiwan
facility: Professor Lu Neurological Clinic
state: Guishan Dist.
Study officials:
References:
Clinical trial NCT05811598: Real Word Study on Myopia Control With Repeated Red Light Therapy for Ages of 3~6 Years Old
Official title: Random、Control and Open Study of Real Word Study on Myopia Control With Repeated Red Light Therapy for Ages of 3~6 Years Old
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: NA
Conditions: Myopia
Amblyopia
Keywords: Myopia
Children
LLLT
PBM
Lead sponsor: Beijing Airdoc Technology Co., Ltd.
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2023-04-13
Enrollment: 60
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 3
Maximum age (years): 6
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Intervention model description: two groups for the 2 lighting lever (0.37mW and 0.6mW）for 2 groups of ages (3\~4 years old and 5\~6 years old)
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Repeated Red Light Therapy had been used as an amblyopia therapy for children as well as the myopia control in primary schools. However, ultra low lever of red light therapy with irradiance of 0.37mW and 0.60mW effectiveness and safety for 3\~ 6 year-old myopia treatment or slow myopia progression are seldom reported.

Detailed description: Repeated Red Light Therapy had been used as an amblyopia therapy for children as well as the myopia control in primary schools. However, ultra low lever of red light therapy with irradiance of 0.37mW and 0.60mW effectiveness and safety for 3\~ 6 year-old myopia treatment or slow myopia progression are seldom reported. Here we design this control and random prospective study to find the two types light with different irridance to two ages (3\~4 years old and 5\~6 years old) respectively. Wether the dose and effectiveness exit or not for 3\~6- year- old myopia control.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* 3\~6 years old;
* Myopia Spherical Equivalence Refraction \<=-0.50D;
* Written Informed Consent;

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cannot approval with written informed consent;
* Photophobia or allergy to red light;
* With other severe conditions the principle investigators refused to enroll this study

Primary outcomes:
measure: Mean changes of axial length vaules by millimeter at follow-up from baseline.
timeFrame: at 3-month and at 6-month
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Numbers of children without myopic refraction changes by spherical equivalence values from refraction at follow-up from baseline(D)
timeFrame: at 3-month and at 6-month
measure: Number of Participants with unsafety issues during the study
timeFrame: at 6-month
Other outcomes:
measure: Rate of subjects meet with repeated red light thearpy greater than 85% of the specified requirementsfrequence record
timeFrame: at 1-month, 3-month and 6-month
Locations:
city: Guangzhou
country: China
facility: Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center
state: Guangdong
Study officials:
affiliation: Beijing Airdoc Technology Co., Ltd.
name: Chao He, PhD
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
affiliation: Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center
name: Daoman Xiang, MD, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center
name: Wensi Shen, MD, PhD
role: STUDY_CHAIR
References:
Clinical trial NCT02245698: Autologous Stem Cell Therapy in Stroke
Official title: Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Intrathecal Transplantation in Stroke
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: WITHDRAWN
Phase: PHASE1
Conditions: Stroke
Keywords: Chronic Stroke
Subacute stroke
Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell therapy
Stem cell
Lead sponsor: Neurogen Brain and Spine Institute
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2014-09-19
Enrollment: 0
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 80
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The purpose of this study was to study the safety and effect of stem cell therapy on the functional recovery in patients with sub acute/chronic stroke.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age18 years-80 years
* diagnosed as stroke by clinical and MRI findings

Exclusion Criteria:

* presence of respiratory distress
* presence of acute infections such as Human Immunodeficient Virus/Hepatitis B Virus/ Hepatitis C Virus
* malignancies
* acute medical conditions such as respiratory infection, fever
* hemoglobin less than 8
* bleeding tendency
* bone marrow disorder
* left ventricular ejection fraction \< 30%
* pregnancy or breastfeeding

Primary outcomes:
measure: Functional Independence Measure
timeFrame: 1 year
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Navi Mumbai
country: India
facility: Neurogen brain and spine institute
state: Maharashtra
Study officials:
References:
Clinical trial NCT03630198: Pain Outcomes Following Intralesional Corticosteroid Injections
Official title: The Use of Local Anesthetic in Intralesional Corticosteroid Injections; A Randomized, Double Blind Controlled Trial
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE4
Conditions: Keloid
Alopecia Areata
Acne
Hypertrophic Scar
Epidermal Inclusion Cyst
Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia
Lichen Plano-Pilaris
Keratoacanthoma
Plaque Psoriasis
Lichen Simplex Chronicus
Prurigo Nodularis
Nummular Eczema
Granuloma Annulare
Morphea
Lichen Planus
Keywords: corticosteroid
local anesthetic
Lead sponsor: Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2018-08-14
Enrollment: 31
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 12
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Corticosteroid therapy, including intralesional and topical applications, has many indications within the fields of Dermatology, Plastic Surgery, and Orthopedics. However, these injections can be quite painful, which leads many patients to discontinue treatment.

Often, the injection involves a mixture of local anesthetic and corticosteroids despite a lack of evidence that the use of lidocaine improves pain. Due to the acidic pH, the lidocaine component of the injection can actually cause a significant burning sensation during the procedure. Lidocaine does not have anti-inflammatory properties and does not treat the underlying pathology. By including another medication, lidocaine also adds cost and risk to the procedure.

The purpose of this study is to see if removing lidocaine from intralesional injections decreases the pain of injection.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* \>12 years old presenting with an indication for intralesional steroid injection

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unconsentable
* Not a candidate for corticosteroid injection
* Contraindication to lidocaine

Primary outcomes:
measure: Pain Outcome: Visual Analog Scale
timeFrame: Assessed 1 minute after the injection (in clinic)
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Nashville
country: United States
facility: Vanderbilt University Medical Center
state: Tennessee
Study officials:
affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center
name: Brian Drolet, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Zakria D, Patrinely JR Jr, Dewan AK, Albers SE, Wheless LE, Simmons AN, Drolet BC. Intralesional corticosteroid injections are less painful without local anesthetic: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. J Dermatolog Treat. 2022 Jun;33(4):2034-2037. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2021.1906842. Epub 2021 Apr 7.