Clinical trial NCT00709137: Spironolactone Versus Amiloride as an Add on Agent in Resistant Hypertension
Official title: Randomized Trial of Spironolactone Versus Amiloride as an Add on Agent in Resistant Hypertension
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: WITHDRAWN
Phase: NA
Conditions: Hypertension
Keywords: resistant hypertensions
spironolactone
amiloride
ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
Lead sponsor: VA Salt Lake City Health Care System
Sponsor class: FED
First posted: 2008-07-03
Enrollment: 0
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 80
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Joint National Committee 7 (JNC-7) defines resistant hypertension as a persistent elevation of blood pressure (BP) above goal - ≥ 140/90 mm Hg for the general hypertensive population or ≥ 130/80 mm Hg for persons with diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease - for at least three months despite treatment with three or more optimally dosed antihypertensive agents, including a diuretic. The exact prevalence of resistant hypertension is uncertain but may include 5-20% of hypertensive persons in primary care settings and 15-35% of the older, higher cardiovascular risk hypertensive patients incorporated into recent clinical trials of antihypertensive therapy. Observational studies demonstrate that patients with resistant hypertension experience a higher rate of cardiovascular and renal target organ damage such as left ventricular hypertrophy, microalbuminuria, and renal insufficiency and more cardiovascular disease (CVD) events than patients whose hypertension is well-controlled. Additionally, resistant hypertension patients may be subjected to the considerable expense of multiple office visits, diagnostic testing for secondary causes of hypertension, and referral to hypertension specialists. Because multiple factors can contribute to resistant hypertension, an explicit, sequential approach to evaluation and management is essential to optimize blood pressure, reduce cardiorenal morbidity and mortality, and avoid unnecessary expense. A number of observational studies have suggested the potential efficacy of both spironolactone and amiloride when added to a 3 drug antihypertensive regimen, but to date no randomized study has directly compared the two agents. The goal of this study is to determine whether spironolactone or amiloride is the more effective fourth agent to add to a three drug regimen in patients with resistant hypertension.

Detailed description: m/a

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants will be selected from a broad range of medical clinics at the Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and surrounding community based outpatient clinics (CBOCs).
* The participants will be referred to a resistant hypertension clinic by either their primary care provider or by a subspecialist. The referrals are made via a computerized system that is used in the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VA) called Computerized Patient Record System (CPRS).
* Patients are referred if their blood pressure is above goal as defined by JNC 7 and they are on 3 antihypertensive medications with one of the agents being a diuretic.
* All patients age 18 -80 years old.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients that will be excluded from the study if they have had a documented adverse reaction to either spironolactone or amiloride.
* diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism
* inability to adhere to frequent laboratory monitoring
* estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \< 45 ml/min/1.73m2
* baseline serum potassium above 5.0 mEq/L
* type 4 renal tubular acidosis
* pregnancy
* heart failure that meets criteria for using either eplerenone or spironolactone
* current unstable renal function

Primary outcomes:
measure: Dose titration of spironolactone and amiloride will cease once the ABPM study reveals a goal 24 hour mean BP below 130/80 in the general hypertensive patients or below 120/70 in patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease (eGFR < 60)
timeFrame: 2-6 months
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: SLC
country: United States
facility: VAMC SLC - George Wahlen VA
state: Utah
Study officials:
affiliation: Univ of Utah Division of General Internal Medicine; VAMC SLC Internal Medicine
name: Richard S Rose, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S, Goff DC, Murphy TP, Toto RD, White A, Cushman WC, White W, Sica D, Ferdinand K, Giles TD, Falkner B, Carey RM; American Heart Association Professional Education Committee. Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Circulation. 2008 Jun 24;117(25):e510-26. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.189141.
citation: Moser M, Setaro JF. Clinical practice. Resistant or difficult-to-control hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jul 27;355(4):385-92. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp041698. No abstract available.
citation: Nishizaka MK, Zaman MA, Calhoun DA. Efficacy of low-dose spironolactone in subjects with resistant hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2003 Nov;16(11 Pt 1):925-30. doi: 10.1016/s0895-7061(03)01032-x.
citation: Lane DA, Shah S, Beevers DG. Low-dose spironolactone in the management of resistant hypertension: a surveillance study. J Hypertens. 2007 Apr;25(4):891-4. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328014954d.
citation: Lane DA, Beevers DG. Amiloride 10 mg is less effective than spironolactone 25 mg in patients with hypertension resistant to a multidrug regime including an angiotensin-blocking agent. J Hypertens. 2007 Dec;25(12):2515-6. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3282f254d9. No abstract available.