Clinical trial NCT03940105: The Effects of Snack Size and Variety on Appetite Control, Satiety, and Eating Behavior in Healthy Adults.
Official title: The Effects of Snack Size and Variety on Appetite Control, Satiety, and Eating Behavior in Healthy Adults.
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Snacking
Keywords: intuitive eating
package size
food variety
Lead sponsor: Purdue University
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Sabra Dipping Company, LLC
First posted: 2019-05-07
Enrollment: 31
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 55
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Intervention model description: tightly-controlled, randomized cross-over design
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: The investigators propose a randomized snack study in normal to obese adults that will test whether snack size, choice, or variety has an influence on daily snack intake.

Aim 1: To validate the in-house packout methodology with 3-day dietary recalls. Aim 2: To examine whether snack variety or snack package size will influence free-living snacking behavior.

Aim 3: To identify whether a correlation exists between mindful eating and free-living snacking behavior.

Detailed description: Participants will complete 4 different snack patterns. Each pattern will include 3 nonconsecutive weekdays (i.e., Monday/Wednesday/Friday; Tuesday/Thursday/Monday, etc.). The snack patterns will be performed at home/work.

The first pattern will simply be a measurement of typical snack habits. For each of the 3 days, the participant will enter all foods and beverages consumed using the online program, Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA-24).

For the other 3 patterns, different snack packouts will be provided to the participant for 3 nonconsecutive weekdays/pattern. The only difference between the packouts is the type of foods provided. The packouts contain commercially available foods commonly eaten by people who snack. Following lunch, the participant will be permitted to eat as much or as little as he/she chooses from the packout until going to bed. Beverages will not be provided and the participant could drink whatever he/she typically consumes.

For all patterns, the participant will be provided with a standardized breakfast, lunch, and dinner to consume at home/work for each of the 3 days/pattern.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. age range 18-55 y
2. normal weight to overweight/obese (BMI: 18-32 kg/m2)
3. healthy, non-diabetic
4. not currently or previously on a weight loss or other special diet (in the past 6 months)
5. non-smoking (for the past 6 months)
6. not been clinically diagnosed with an eating disorder
7. habitually eat afternoon/evening snacks at least 4 days/week

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Clinically diagnosed with an eating disorder
2. Metabolic, hormonal, and/or neural conditions/diseases that influence metabolism or appetite
3. Currently or previously on a weight loss or other special diet (in the past 6 months)
4. Gained/lost \>10 lb. over the past 6 months
5. Taking medication that would directly influence appetite (weight-loss drugs or antidepressant, steroid, or thyroid medication, unless dosage has been stable for at least 3 months)
6. Not willing or able to complete all study testing procedures

Primary outcomes:
measure: Ad libitum Snack Energy Intake
timeFrame: 12 testing days across ~4-6 weeks
measure: Ad libitum Food Category Intake
timeFrame: 9 testing days across ~3-5 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Intuitive Eating Score (1-5)
timeFrame: Baseline (at beginning of study)
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: West Lafayette
country: United States
facility: Purdue University
state: Indiana
Study officials:
affiliation: Purdue University
name: Heather J Leidy, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Reister EJ, Leidy HJ. Snack Package Size and Variety Differentially Influence Energy Intake and Food Choices in Healthy Adults. Curr Dev Nutr. 2022 Jan 17;6(2):nzac004. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzac004. eCollection 2022 Feb.