Clinical trial NCT05216575: Almitrine in COVID-19 Patients With ARDS Treated by HFNO
Official title: Use of Almitrine in COVID-19 Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treated by High-flow Nasal Canula Oxygen Therapy
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: ARDS
Hypoxemia
Lead sponsor: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2022-01-31
Enrollment: 62
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: RETROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Eligible patients are spontaneously breathing COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe ARDS treated by high-flow nasal canula oxygen therapy as first-line ventilatory support with persitent severe hypoxemia after awake prone positioning.

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of Almitrine administration on oxygenation in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome treated by high-flow nasal canula oxygen therapy as first-line ventilatory support.

Detailed description: From December 2019, the emergent coronavirus SARSCoV-2 is responsible for the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Although SARSCoV-2 infection is mainly responsible for mild respiratory symptoms, up to 70% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19-related pneumoniae may develop severe respiratory disease, progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). These patients may experience severe but well-tolerated hypoxemia, so-called "happy hypoxemia" which may be related to blunted hypoxic vasoconstriction. Almitrine is a selective pulmonary vasoconstrictor that has been reported to improve the oxygenation in ARDS patients by increasing hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Some small case series reported that the use of Almitrine in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients with ARDS improved oxygenation. Given the "happy hypoxemia" phenomenon, it has been suggested to use high-flow nasal canula therapy (HFNO) as first-line ventilatory support in COVID-19 patients with ARDS, since the risk of aerosolization with HFNO was similar to that with standard oxygen therapy and lower to that with non-invasive ventilation. However, the effects of Almitrine in spontaneously breathing patients with ARDS has not been reported so far. Thus, the main goal of this study is to investigate the effects of Almitrine on oxygenation of COVID-19 patients with ARDS treated by HFNO as first-line ventilatory support. The second goal of this study is to determine the effects of Almitrine on respiratory mechanics and hymodynamics.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients treated by high-flow nasal canula oxygen
2. Positive COVID-19 real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay in nasal swabs
3. Persistent severe hypoxemia after awake prone positioning defined by one or more of the following criteria:

   1. SpO2 \< 96% with FiO2 \> 80%
   2. PaO2/FiO2 ratio \< 100 with FiO2 \> 80%
4. Patients treated by Almitrine

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Age \<18 years old and pregnant women
2. Patients under legal protection
3. Patients with a do not intubate or do not resuscitate decision
4. Patients requiring immediate invasive mechanical ventilation
5. Contraindication to Almitrine
6. Poor echogenicity

Primary outcomes:
measure: Almitrine-induced increase in Pa02/FiO2 ratio.
timeFrame: The 30-minute duration of Almitrine bolus
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Proportion of patients requiring intubation
timeFrame: ICU stay
measure: Proportion of patients exhibiting right ventricular failure and/or right ventricular dilation and/or acute core pulmonale after administration of Almitrine.
timeFrame: The 30-minute duration of Almitrine bolus
measure: Clinical prediction of Almitrine effects
timeFrame: The 30-minute duration of Almitrine bolus
measure: Radiological prediction of Almitrine effects
timeFrame: The 30-minute duration of Almitrine bolus
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Nice
country: France
facility: CHU de NICE
Study officials:
References: