Clinical trial NCT02539407: Population Pharmacokinetics of Anti-infectives in Critically Ill Children
Official title: Population Pharmacokinetics and Rationalization of Anti-infectives Administration in Critically Ill Children
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Conditions: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Pediatric Immuno-hematology Department
Keywords: β-lactam antibiotics
Children
Anti-infectives
Aminoglycosides, glycopeptides
Fluoroquinolone
Fungal
Antiviral
Lead sponsor: Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2015-09-03
Enrollment: 3000
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 1
Maximum age (years): 18
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Minor patients requiring the administration of anti-infectives

Brief summary: Concentrations and effects of anti-infectives in critically ill children are unpredictable and the risk of under-exposure may be associated with poor clinical outcomes. In addition, between-subject variability (BSV) is known to be substantial in critically ill children. Rationalisation of anti-infectives in children is therefore desirable.

The investigators aim to investigate, using a population approach, the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of anti-infectives including PK/PD targets (fT(%) \> minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)) and PD endpoints (clinical outcomes) in critically ill children. Covariates The effects of covariates on anti-infectives PK and PK/PDs are investigated in order to better explain the BSV and to ultimately suggest individualized dosage regimens.

It will be a prospective PK study including 11 anti-infectives antibiotics. Six blood samples were taken from each patient during dosing interval. The primary PK/ PD targets were anti-infectives concentrations above the MIC of the pathogen at both 50% (50% f T\>MIC) and 100% (100% f T\>MIC) of the dosing interval. The investigators used skewed logistic regression to describe the effect of anti-infectives exposure on patient outcome.

Detailed description: Background and aims of the study:

Recent studies have suggested a risk of under-exposure to anti-infectives in critically ill adults. This under-exposure may be associated with poor clinical outcomes as well as a delay or incomplete clinical resolution of infection; The dosing regimen of anti-infectives in critically ill children is usually based on weight (i.e. mg per Kg). However, between-subject variability is known to be substantial in children and even more so in critical illness; As a result, concentrations and effects of anti-infectives are unpredictable and the risk of under- or over-exposure is thus genuine and considerable. Rationalisation of anti-infectives in children is therefore desirable.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate, using a population approach, the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of intravenous anti-infectives including usual PK/PD targets (fT(%) \> minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)) and PD endpoints (clinical outcomes) in critically ill children. The effects of developmental and other factors related to critical illness on anti-infectives PK and PK/PDs are investigated in order to better explain the observed between-subject variabilities and to ultimately suggest individualized dosage regimens.

This prospective study will be conducted in six paediatric services of Public Hospitals in Paris, France

Intervention:

Patient selection will take place in the 6 paediatric services. The senior physician proposes the study to holders of parental authority whose child receives or will receive anti-infectives during its follow-up or hospitalization.

The senior physician will give a briefing note to the holders of parental authority, and if the child is able to understand the information. The non-oral opposition for the retrieval and analysis of data will be collected.

No intervention or no charge will be made for this study.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Minor patient requiring the administration of an anti-infective belonging to the following classes : β-lactam antibiotics; aminoglycosides, glycopeptides; fluoroquinolones; other antibiotics (daptomycin, rifampin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, clarithromycin); fungal; antivirals, during its follow-up or hospitalization

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patient and parents having notified to the doctor that they refuse data recovery.

Primary outcomes:
measure: anti-infectives concentration
timeFrame: until 28 days
Secondary outcomes:
measure: number of identified or suspected pathogen
timeFrame: until 28 days
measure: composite measure of the health condition
timeFrame: until 28 days
measure: predictive variables of underdosing/overdosing of antiinfectives and biological evolution
timeFrame: until 28 days
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Paris
country: France
facility: Hospital Necker - Enfants Malades (Public Hospitals of Paris)
Study officials:
affiliation: Hospital Necker - Enfants Malades
name: Oualha Mehdi, MD,PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: EA08 Paris Descartes Pharmacologie et Evaluation des thérapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte
name: Jean-Marc Treluyer, MD, PhD
role: STUDY_CHAIR
References:
citation: de Cacqueray N, Boujaafar S, Bille E, Moulin F, Gana I, Benaboud S, Hirt D, Beranger A, Toubiana J, Renolleau S, Treluyer JM, Oualha M. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antibiotics in Critically Ill Children: An Observational Study in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Ther Drug Monit. 2022 Apr 1;44(2):319-327. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000918.
citation: Nguyen T, Oualha M, Briand C, Bendavid M, Beranger A, Benaboud S, Treluyer JM, Zheng Y, Foissac F, Winter S, Gana I, Boujaafar S, Lopez V, Berthaud R, Demir Z, Bouazza N, Hirt D. Population Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Ganciclovir and Oral Valganciclovir in a Pediatric Population To Optimize Dosing Regimens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2021 Feb 17;65(3):e02254-20. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02254-20. Print 2021 Feb 17.
citation: Abdalla S, Briand C, Oualha M, Bendavid M, Beranger A, Benaboud S, Treluyer JM, Zheng Y, Capito C, Demir Z, Foissac F, Winter S, Gana I, Boujaafar S, Bouazza N, Hirt D. Population Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous and Oral Acyclovir and Oral Valacyclovir in Pediatric Population To Optimize Dosing Regimens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 Nov 17;64(12):e01426-20. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01426-20. Print 2020 Nov 17.
citation: Beranger A, Benaboud S, Urien S, Moulin F, Bille E, Lesage F, Zheng Y, Genuini M, Gana I, Renolleau S, Hirt D, Treluyer JM, Oualha M. Piperacillin Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Regimen Optimization in Critically Ill Children with Normal and Augmented Renal Clearance. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2019 Feb;58(2):223-233. doi: 10.1007/s40262-018-0682-1.
citation: Beranger A, Oualha M, Urien S, Genuini M, Renolleau S, Aboura R, Hirt D, Heilbronner C, Toubiana J, Treluyer JM, Benaboud S. Population Pharmacokinetic Model to Optimize Cefotaxime Dosing Regimen in Critically Ill Children. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2018 Jul;57(7):867-875. doi: 10.1007/s40262-017-0602-9.