Clinical trial NCT00475761: Breast Mammogram and Tissue Study
Official title: Breast Radiology Evaluation and Study of Tissues (Breast) Stamp Project
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Conditions: Breast Neoplasms
Keywords: Breast biopsy
Breast imaging
Breast Cancer
Mammographic Density
Natural History
Lead sponsor: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
Sponsor class: NIH
First posted: 2007-05-21
Enrollment: 466
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 40
Maximum age (years): 65
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Primary clinical- patients referred to diagnostic breast biopsy due to an abnormal breast imaging exam.

Brief summary: Background:

Women whose mammograms show a lot of dense areas are more likely to develop breast cancer and to have cancers that are missed by mammograms.

It is unclear why some factors lead to having dense breasts and why having dense breasts increases the risk of developing breast cancer.

Objectives:

To determine why some women s breasts look dense on mammograms.

To determine what types of cells and tissues make up dense areas of breasts and why these tissues may be more likely to become cancerous.

Eligibility:

Women between 40 and 65 years of age who have not had breast cancer or received medicines or radiation for any type of cancer and who are scheduled to undergo a breast biopsy.

Design:

This study is conducted at the University of Vermont, in collaboration with the NCI.

Participants undergo the following:

* Review of their medical records collected over the last 2 years by the Vermont Mammography Registry.
* Participation in a short telephone interview.
* Height and weight measurement.
* Testing of biopsy tissue collected for diagnosis or treatment.
* Future contacts regarding health status for up to 10 years, including review of additional mammograms, removed tissues, questionnaires and medical records collected by the Vermont Mammography Registry during the 10-year study.

Participants may also undergo the following optional procedures:

* Provide a mouthwash sample for genetic testing.
* Provide a blood sample to test for markers of dense mammograms or breast cancer.

Detailed description: High breast density and aging are the strongest risk factors for sporadic breast cancer among women. Although glandular epithelium contributes to mammographic density, non-epithelial tissue components represent its major determinants: adipose tissue is radiolucent and fibrous tissue is dense. The hypothesis is that epidemiologic factors associated with elevated breast density alter the breast microenvironment (ME) (defined as all cells and structures surrounding luminal glandular cells including: myoepithelial cells; basement membrane, stromal fibroblast and myofibroblasts; endothelial cells and pericytes; inflammatory cells, collagens, matrix proteins, growth factors, hormones, and other biochemical components) in a manner that enhances dysregulated proliferation of breast epithelium and ultimately cancer. Specifically, the Investigators propose that epidemiologic factors that lead to increased exposure to hormones and inflammatory mediators alter the ME, leading to both increased breast density and cancer. The critical importance of the ME in carcinogenesis is supported by experimental and clinical data showing that epithelial abnormalities alone are generally insufficient for cancer development without concurrent changes in the ME. The primary aim of this pilot study is to demonstrate the feasibility of collecting the data needed to elucidate the biologic mechanisms that mediate the substantial breast cancer risk associated with high mammographic density. Specifically, the Investigators will develop, fine tune, and validate a complex cross-sectional study protocol to collect risk factor data and biological specimens (blood, buccal cells, tissue fluids, and tissue) required to discover mechanisms and biomarkers that link high mammographic density (as measured quantitatively using computerized methods) to breast cancer risk. They will enroll 250 women between the ages of 40 to 65 years undergoing a radiologically guided biopsy at the University of Vermont, the largest center within the Vermont Breast Cancer Surveillance System (VBCSS), to participate in this pilot study of mammographic density.

Eligibility criteria: * INCLUSION CRITERIA:

Inclusion criteria for participation in the study are women, ages 40-65 years of age, who are undergoing a radiologically-guided biopsy (stereotactic- ultrasound-guided). We will NOT exclude subjects for current or past use of exogenous hormones; prior hysterectomy or salpingoophorectomy or presentation with a breast mass. Although most biopsies are prompted by a radiologic finding (typically abnormal calcifications or masses), some biopsies are performed for symptoms that are unassociated with a radiologic finding, such as nipple discharge, palpable mass, discomfort, etc. Elevated density per se is not a biopsy indication. ALL women referred for radiologically guided biopsy, irrespective of the indication, will be considered eligible for the pilot study.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

We will EXCLUDE women who have a prior history of breast cancer, have had an EXCISIONAL breast biopsy within one year, women who have implants in place, women taking tamoxifen or raloxifene for chemoprevention and women who have received non-surgical treatments for cancers of other organs.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Feasibility of collecting data needed
timeFrame: Dec. 2022
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Burlington
country: United States
facility: University of Vermont
state: Vermont
Study officials:
affiliation: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
name: Gretchen L Benson, Ph.D.
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Gierach GL, Patel DA, Pfeiffer RM, Figueroa JD, Linville L, Papathomas D, Johnson JM, Chicoine RE, Herschorn SD, Shepherd JA, Wang J, Malkov S, Vacek PM, Weaver DL, Fan B, Mahmoudzadeh AP, Palakal M, Xiang J, Oh H, Horne HN, Sprague BL, Hewitt SM, Brinton LA, Sherman ME. Relationship of Terminal Duct Lobular Unit Involution of the Breast with Area and Volume Mammographic Densities. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2016 Feb;9(2):149-58. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-15-0282. Epub 2015 Dec 8.
citation: Gierach GL, Geller BM, Shepherd JA, Patel DA, Vacek PM, Weaver DL, Chicoine RE, Pfeiffer RM, Fan B, Mahmoudzadeh AP, Wang J, Johnson JM, Herschorn SD, Brinton LA, Sherman ME. Comparison of mammographic density assessed as volumes and areas among women undergoing diagnostic image-guided breast biopsy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014 Nov;23(11):2338-48. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0257. Epub 2014 Aug 19.
citation: Horne HN, Sherman ME, Pfeiffer RM, Figueroa JD, Khodr ZG, Falk RT, Pollak M, Patel DA, Palakal MM, Linville L, Papathomas D, Geller B, Vacek PM, Weaver DL, Chicoine R, Shepherd J, Mahmoudzadeh AP, Wang J, Fan B, Malkov S, Herschorn S, Hewitt SM, Brinton LA, Gierach GL. Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and terminal duct lobular unit involution of the breast: a cross-sectional study of women with benign breast disease. Breast Cancer Res. 2016 Feb 18;18(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s13058-016-0678-4.