louisbrulenaudet/clinical-trials huggingface dataset:
Clinical trial NCT00695461: Lactobacillus Plantarum 299v in Colon Surgery
Official title: L Plantarum 299v to Patients Undergoing Colon Resection - a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Bacterial Translocation
Inflammation
Cell Proliferation
Keywords: Colorectal surgery
Probiotics
Lactobacillus
Bacterial translocation
Postoperative complications
Inflammatory reaction
Lead sponsor: Skane University Hospital
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2008-06-11
Enrollment: 72
Sex: ALL
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: Intestinal pathogenes are often involved in postoperative complications after colon surgery. Probiotic bacteria, i e live bacteria which have beneficial effects on the host when ingested, have been shown to reduce bacterial translocation in animal studies. However, in humans studies results have varied. The purpose with this study was to find whether high doses of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v affects the potentially pathogenic microflora of the gut, bacterial translocation and cell proliferation in patients undergoing planned colon surgery.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* planned resection of colon for malignant or benign disease
* all ages

Exclusion Criteria:

* unable to understand instructions and perform preoperative intake of study preparation
* rectal surgery
* present or past history of endocarditis
* congenital or acquired valvular heart disease

Primary outcomes:
measure: Change in intestinal bacterial microflora
timeFrame: Before inclusion, after treatment, during surgery, postoperative day 6, 6 weeks, 6 months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Bacterial translocation
timeFrame: During surgery
measure: Inflammatory response (cytokines)
timeFrame: Preoperative, during operation, 3, 24 an 48 hours postoperastive
measure: Cell proliferation
timeFrame: During surgery
measure: Postoperative complications
timeFrame: One week after surgery
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Malmö
country: Sweden
facility: Dept of Surgery, Malmö University Hospital
Study officials:
affiliation: Dept of Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
name: Peter Mangell, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT03184961: Lung Recruitment Maneuver for Predicting Fluid Responsiveness in Children
Official title: Study on Variables Able to Predict Fluid Responsiveness Using Lung Recruitment Maneuver in Pediatric Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Hypovolemia
Lead sponsor: Seoul National University Hospital
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2017-06-14
Enrollment: 30
Sex: ALL
Maximum age (years): 6
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: OTHER

Brief summary: Lung recruitment maneuver induces a decrease in stroke volume, which is more pronounced in hypovolemic patients. The authors hypothesized that the changes of dynamic variables through lung recruitment maneuver could predict preload responsiveness in pediatric patients with lung protective ventilation


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia under 6 years old

Exclusion Criteria:

* arrhythmia
* \<30%, ejection fraction
* lung disease

Primary outcomes:
measure: photoplethysmographic waveform
timeFrame: change from baseline photoplethysmographic waveform after lung recruitment maneuver within 30 seconds
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Seoul
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Seoul National University Hospital
Study officials:
References:
citation: Kim EH, Lee JH, Jang YE, Ji SH, Kim HS, Cho SA, Kim JT. Prediction of fluid responsiveness using lung recruitment manoeuvre in paediatric patients receiving lung-protective ventilation: A prospective observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2021 May 1;38(5):452-458. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000001387.
Clinical trial NCT04395261: Wideband Tympanometry in Otitis Media With Effusion
Official title: The Differential Diagnosis of Different Middle Ear Fluids in Otitis Media With Effusion by Wideband Tympanometry
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Otitis Media With Effusion
Lead sponsor: Pamukkale University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2020-05-20
Enrollment: 202
Sex: ALL
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: children with otitis media with effusion

Brief summary: The investigators asked the question if they can better estimate the middle ear status in OME that help them to decide between early intervention or longer follow up.

Detailed description: Purpose: Otitis media with effusion is an important problem in childhood. After proper diagnosis, generally 3 months of follow up has been recommended before surgical tympanostomy tube insertion. If the physician can estimate the status of the middle ear or fluid type better with a non-invasive method, we can suggest an early operation to these patients or decide to follow up more with no intervention. The purpose of the study is to compare the surgically confirmed middle ear effusions with wideband absorbance values and to differentiate them noninvasively before the operation.

Methods: A total of 123 children that were followed 3 months and treated surgically with the diagnosis of OME were included. Eighty-two sex, age-matched children were tested as control with wideband tympanometry. Ears were divided into four groups according to findings in the operation: serous, mucoid, adhesive, empty. Resonance frequency, 226 Hz, 1000 Hz compliance, Wideband Peak pressure, Absorbance measurements used for comparison.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* All patients were diagnosed by ear examination, pneumatic otoscopy, and type B tympanogram with 226 Hz tympanometry. They were followed for 3 months with proper medication. After 3 months if there was no change with ear examination and 226 Hz tympanometry, surgical ventilation tube insertion was offered.

Exclusion Criteria:

* The patients with chronic ear diseases, ototoxic drug use, neurologic disease were excluded.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Resonance frequency
timeFrame: The same 1 day with the operation
measure: Absorbance
timeFrame: The same 1 day with the operation
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
affiliation: Chief of Department
name: Fazıl N Ardıç, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT02103283: A Phase 1, Open-Label Study of Teprotumumab in Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)
Official title: Phase 1, Open-Label Safety and Pharmacodynamic Study of RV001, an Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor (IGF-1R) Antagonist, Administered by Intravenous (IV) Infusion in Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE1
Conditions: Diabetic Macular Edema
Keywords: Diabetic Macular Edema
Lead sponsor: River Vision Development Corporation
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2014-04-03
Enrollment: 5
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: A Phase 1 Study to evaluate the Safety of teprotumumab in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema.

Detailed description: A Phase 1, Open-Label Safety and Pharmacodynamic Study of RV 001, an Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor (IGF-1) Antagonist, Given By IV Infusion in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema (DME).

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus with Hemoglobin A1c \<8.5%
* IGF 1 in serum \> 106 ng/mL
* Women of child-bearing potential must have negative pregnancy test and be willing and able to use two different methods of contraception, one of which must be oral contraceptive or depot formulation. Males must be surgically sterile or agree to use barrier contraception
* Clinically significant DME of less than 12 months duration
* Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy of moderate severity
* Best corrected electronic ETDRS letter score \< 78 and \> 24

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unstable-uncontrolled diabetes as demonstrated by a change in diabetes medication greater than 15% in the previous 60 days.
* Significant renal disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, acute congestive heart failure
* Blood pressure \> 180/110
* Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment within two months prior to enrollment
* History of pan retinal photocoagulation within four months prior to enrollment
* History of ocular surgery within four months prior to enrollment
* History of systemic treatment with corticosteroids within 3 months prior to enrollment

Primary outcomes:
measure: Safety of RV001in subjects with Diabetic Macular Edema
timeFrame: Change from Baseline to Week 9
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Safety of RV001in subjects with Diabetic Macular Edema
timeFrame: Change from Baseline to Week 9
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Beverley Hills
country: United States
facility: David S Boyer
state: California
city: St. Petersburg
country: United States
facility: David A Eichenbaum, MD
state: Florida
city: Omaha
country: United States
facility: Diana Do, MD
state: Nebraska
Study officials:
affiliation: Retina Vitreous Associates Beverley Hills, California
name: David S Boyer, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT02043483: Identification of Biomarkers for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome
Official title: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Associated Metabolic/Cardiovascular Disorders: Understanding Mechanisms Towards Early Diagnosis and Prognosis
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome
Keywords: CPAP
OSAS
CEDOC (Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas)
FCM (Faculdade de Ciências Médicas)
UNL (Universidade Nova de Lisboa
NOVA MEDICAL SCHOOL
FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia)
Lead sponsor: Universidade Nova de Lisboa
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas
name: NOVA Medical School
name: Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte
name: Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge
name: Biotempo
name: Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
First posted: 2014-01-23
Enrollment: 120
Sex: MALE
Minimum age (years): 25
Maximum age (years): 60
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome Males 25-60 years

Brief summary: Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) has long-term complications, namely metabolic imbalances (obesity, dislipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus). Until now, no molecular markers for this physiopathological connection have been identified.

This project aims to determine non-invasive biomarkers that may allow better comprehension of the metabolic consequences of OSAS, as well as assess the effect of Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on these metabolic parameters.

This project will integrate the clinical, metabolic, genetic/proteomic and biologic systems to further explore the mechanisms behind OSAS, as well as the effect of the treatment with CPAP.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male
* 25-60 years
* Mild/Moderate/Severe OSAS

Exclusion Criteria:

* Female
* Other sleep disorders
* Previous CPAP therapy
* Type 1 diabetes mellitus
* Familiar Dyslipidemia
* Severe organ pathology
* Acute disease

Primary outcomes:
measure: Percentage of patients with clinical improvement
timeFrame: 6 months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Frequency of occurence of biomarkers
timeFrame: 6 months
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Lisbon
country: Portugal
facility: Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte
Study officials:
affiliation: Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte
name: Amélia Feliciano, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT00267683: Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Aspart Versus Glibenclamide in Type 2 Diabetes
Official title: A Clinical Trial to Study the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Aspart Three Times Per Day Compared to Glibenclamide Once or Twice Daily in Type 2 Diabetes by Comparison of Ability to Control Blood Glucose
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: TERMINATED
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Lead sponsor: Novo Nordisk A/S
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2005-12-21
Enrollment: 9
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 20
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: This trial is conducted in Japan. This is a clinical trial to study the efficacy and safety of thrice daily Insulin Aspart compared to Glibenclamide in type 2 diabetic patients.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Type 2 diabetes
* Diet therapy for at least 12 weeks, or diet therapy and oral hypoglycaemic agent(s) other than SU agents for at least 12 weeks
* No previous treatment with insulin and/or SU agents
* HbA1c between 7.5% and 10.0%
* Body Mass Index (BMI) below 30.0 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria:

* Proliferative retinopathy or maculopathy requiring acute treatment
* Impaired hepatic function
* Impaired renal function
* Cardiac diseases
* Uncontrolled hypertension
* Known hypoglycaemia unawareness or recurrent major hypoglycaemia
* Current treatment with systemic corticosteroids

Primary outcomes:
measure: HbA1c
timeFrame: after 24 weeks of treatment
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Plasma glucose levels
measure: Percentage of subjects achieving the treatment target of HbA1c value < 6.5%
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
affiliation: Novo Nordisk A/S
name: Global Clinical Registry (GCR, 1452)
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT00635583: The Effect of Dairy on Bone Mass and Body Composition in 4th-8th Grade Boys and Girls
Official title: Influence of Dairy on Bone Accrual and Bone Size and Fat and Lean Mass in Early Pubertal Overweight vs. Healthy-weight Boys and Girls
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Healthy
Keywords: Bone
Dairy Intervention
Girls
Boys
Calcium
Bone Mineralization
Peak Bone Mass
Bone and Bones
Female
Male
Adolescent
Healthy
Lead sponsor: Purdue University
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Indiana University School of Medicine
name: Dairy Management Inc.
First posted: 2008-03-13
Enrollment: 47
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 9
Maximum age (years): 14
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: Building stronger bones during pubertal growth could reduce lifelong fracture risk. This project is an 18 month dairy intervention study for overweight and healthy weight 4th-8th grade boys and girls. Half of the girls will receive dairy products to add to their habitual diet (milk, yogurt, and cheese) to equal three products per day, while the other half will remain on their normal diet. All participants will attend four study visits, each 6 months apart. At these visits height, weight, bone density and geometry, and fat and lean mass will be measured. This study aims to show that meeting calcium requirements by eating dairy products builds bigger, stronger bones, and that this effect may be enhanced in overweight boys and girls. The effect of the dairy intervention on body fat, lean mass, and weight, as well as the mechanisms and predictors of changes in bone mass and size and body composition will also be evaluated.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Males and females in 4th-8th grade
* Generally healthy
* BMI percentile 5-70% for age or \>85% for age
* Baseline calcium intake less than or equal to 800mg/d

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of any illness known to affect bone mass accrual (diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, childhood malignancy).
* A broken bone in the last six months.
* Consume more than 800 mg Calcium/d.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Changes in bone density and geometry as measured with DEXA and pQCT.
timeFrame: 18 months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Changes in fat and lean body mass as measured with DEXA.
timeFrame: 18 months
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Indianapolis
country: United States
facility: Indiana University School of Medicine
state: Indiana
city: West Lafayette
country: United States
facility: Purdue University
state: Indiana
Study officials:
affiliation: Purdue University
name: Connie M Weaver, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Vogel KA, Martin BR, McCabe LD, Peacock M, Warden SJ, McCabe GP, Weaver CM. The effect of dairy intake on bone mass and body composition in early pubertal girls and boys: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 May;105(5):1214-1229. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.140418. Epub 2017 Mar 22.
Clinical trial NCT00417183: Comparison of the Long GnRH Agonist Protocol and the Flexible GnRH Antagonist Protocol of Ovarian Stimulation
Official title: Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Long GnRH Agonist Protocol and the Flexible GnRH Antagonist Protocol of Ovarian Stimulation in Normal Responders
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: PHASE4
Conditions: Infertility
Keywords: GnRH antagonist
GnRH agonist
Long protocol
Flexible
Lead sponsor: Eugonia
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2006-12-29
Enrollment: 300
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 21
Maximum age (years): 39
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of two controlled ovarian stimulation protocols, the GnRH agonist protocol, widely known as the "long" protocol, and the flexible GnRH antagonist protocol, in terms of pregnancy rates and embryological data, in infertile patients receiving IVF treatment.

Detailed description: The formulation of controlled ovarian stimulation protocols is one of the primary reasons for the successful development of IVF. The "long" GnRH agonist protocol, also known as the gold standard, has been widely used with considerable success. More recently, on the other hand, GnRH antagonist provide a new promising approach for endogenous gonadotrophin suppression by blocking the GnRH receptor. There is conflicting data in the literature regarding the relative merits of the two ovarian stimulation protocols.

COMPARISON: Pregnancy rates and embryological data will by assessed in IVF patients treated with either the "long" GnRH agonist (Arvekap) or the flexible GnRH antagonist (Ganirelix) protocol.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18-39 years
* Body mass index 18-29 kg/m2
* Menstrual cycle from 24-35 days
* Normal basal FSH (\<10 IU/ml)
* Normal basal LH (\<10 IU/ml)
* Normal basal estradiol (\<80 pg/ml)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Poor responder patients
* Polycystic ovaries

Primary outcomes:
measure: Ongoing pregnancy per embryo transfer
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Biochemical pregnancy per embryo transfer
measure: Clinical pregnancy per embryo transfer
measure: Embryological data
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Athens
country: Greece
facility: Eugonia
Study officials:
affiliation: Eugonia
name: Tryfon Lainas, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Lainas T, Zorzovilis J, Petsas G, Stavropoulou G, Cazlaris H, Daskalaki V, Lainas G, Alexopoulou E. In a flexible antagonist protocol, earlier, criteria-based initiation of GnRH antagonist is associated with increased pregnancy rates in IVF. Hum Reprod. 2005 Sep;20(9):2426-33. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dei106. Epub 2005 Jun 9.
Clinical trial NCT04213183: Screening and Identifying Hepatobiliary Diseases Via Deep Learning Using Ocular Images
Official title: Screening and Identifying Hepatobiliary Diseases Via Deep Learning Using Ocular Images
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Ophthalmology
Artificial Intelligence
Hepatobiliary Disease
Keywords: Hepatobiliary Disease
Artificial Intelligence
Eye Images
Lead sponsor: Sun Yat-sen University
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University
name: Affiliated Huadu Hospital of Southern Medical University
name: Aikang Health Care
First posted: 2019-12-30
Enrollment: 1789
Sex: ALL
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Observational model: OTHER
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Slit-lamp and retinal fundus images collected from Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Affiliated Huadu Hospital of Southern Medical University, Nantian Medical Centre of Aikang Health Care, and Huanshidong Medical Centre of Aikang Health Care.

Brief summary: Artificial Intelligence may provide insight into exploring the potential covert association behind and reveal some early ocular architecture changes in individuals with hepatobiliary disorders. We conducted a pioneer work to explore the association between the eye and liver via deep learning, to develop and evaluate different deep learning models to predict the hepatobiliary disease by using ocular images.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* The quality of fundus and slit-lamp images should clinical acceptable.
* More than 90% of the fundus image area including four main regions (optic disk, macular, upper and lower retinal vessel archs) are easy to read and discriminate.
* More than 90% of the slit-lamp image area including three main regions (sclera, pupil, and lens) are easy to read and discriminate.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Images with light leakage (\>10% of the area), spots from lens flares or stains, and overexposure were excluded from further analysis.

Primary outcomes:
measure: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the deep learning system
timeFrame: baseline
Secondary outcomes:
measure: sensitivity and specificity of the deep learning system
timeFrame: baseline
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Guangzhou
country: China
facility: Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen Univerisity
state: Guangdong
Study officials:
References:
Clinical trial NCT05320783: Effect on Music Therapy on Quality of Recovery After Gynecological Laparoscopy
Official title: Effect on Music Therapy on Quality of Recovery and Postoperative Pain After Gynecological Laparoscopy
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Quality of Recovery After General Anesthesia
Post Operative Pain
Lead sponsor: Yeungnam University College of Medicine
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2022-04-11
Enrollment: 82
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 20
Maximum age (years): 65
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: In the present study, we intended to evaluate the effect of music intervention on postoperative pain, nausea, and comprehensive recovery quality in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification I and II,
* undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any hearing impairment,
* Known psychiatric or memory disorder
* Alcohol or analgesics abuse
* Inability to complete quesationnaires

Primary outcomes:
measure: Recovery quality
timeFrame: At postoperative day, 1
measure: Postoperative pain
timeFrame: 36 hours after surgery
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Daegu
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Eun kyung Choi
state: Korea (the Republic Of)
Study officials:
References: