Clinical trial NCT03395405: NNITS-Nitazoxanide for Norovirus in Transplant Patients Study
Official title: A Phase 2 Multi-Center, Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study to Assess the Clinical and Antiviral Efficacy and Safety of Nitazoxanide for the Treatment of Norovirus in Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Gastroenteritis Norovirus
Keywords: Efficacy
Hematopoietic Stem Cell
Nitazoxanide
Norovirus
Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study
Safety
Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Treatment
Lead sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Sponsor class: NIH
First posted: 2018-01-10
Enrollment: 31
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 12
Maximum age (years): 99
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: This is a phase 2 multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide for the treatment of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with symptomatic diarrhea due to Norovirus. The study involves a total of 160 Hematopoietic Stem Cell or Solid Organ transplant recipients, equal to or greater than 12 years of age with diagnosis of Norovirus who will be selected and randomly assigned (1:1) to nitazoxanide or placebo group. The study duration is 60 months and subject participation duration is 6 months. Given the safety of prolonged therapy with nitazoxanide, lack of interactions with common post-transplant medications, putative antiviral activity and prolonged duration of viral shedding we are assessing 56 doses of therapy. The longitudinal monitoring phase will provide useful information on the course of host and viral responses in subjects with chronic Norovirus infection with and without treatment. Randomization will be stratified by age group (pediatric (12 through 17 years) vs. adult (greater than or equal to 18 years)), chronicity of Norovirus-associated symptoms (acute (less than 14 days) vs. chronic (greater than or equal to 14 days)) and transplant type (solid organ (SOT)) vs. hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT)). Enrolled subjects will participate in 2 phases of the study: Treatment Phase, which will include dosing with the assigned study agent for 28 days. Longitudinal Monitoring Phase which will include telephone call on Days 35, 53, 113, 173. Primary objective is 1) to assess the clinical efficacy of nitazoxanide for the management of acute and chronic Norovirus in transplant recipients.

Detailed description: This is a phase 2 multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide for the treatment of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with symptomatic diarrhea due to Norovirus. The study involves a total of 160 Hematopoietic Stem Cell or Solid Organ transplant recipients, equal to or greater than 12 years of age with diagnosis of Norovirus who will be selected and randomly assigned (1:1) into two treatment groups: nitazoxanide or placebo. The study duration is approximately 60 months and subject participation duration is approximately 6 months. Given the safety of prolonged therapy with nitazoxanide, lack of interactions with common post-transplant medications, putative antiviral activity and prolonged duration of viral shedding we are assessing 56 doses of therapy. The longitudinal monitoring phase will provide useful information on the course of host and viral responses in subjects with chronic Norovirus infection with and without treatment. Randomization will be stratified by age group (pediatric (12 through 17 years) vs. adult (greater than or equal to 18 years)), chronicity of Norovirus-associated symptoms (acute (less than 14 days) vs. chronic (greater than or equal to 14 days)) and transplant type (solid organ (SOT)) vs. hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT)). Enrolled subjects will participate in 2 phases of the study: Treatment Phase, which will include dosing with the assigned study agent for 28 days. Longitudinal Monitoring Phase which will include telephone call on Days 35, 53, 113, 173. Primary objective is 1) to assess the clinical efficacy of nitazoxanide for the management of acute and chronic Norovirus in transplant recipients. Secondary Objectives are 1) to assess the virologic efficacy of nitazoxanide and 2) to assess the safety of nitazoxanide for the management of acute and chronic Norovirus in transplant recipients.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

Subjects should meet all of the following inclusion criteria:

1. Male or female age \> / = 12 years.
2. Recipient of a solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplant.
3. Positive test result for Norovirus within 14 days of enrollment that is obtained as part of routine clinical care using a Norovirus testing available to the site.
4. Active GI symptoms (diarrhea, or vomiting) that, in the opinion of the PI, are secondary to Norovirus. Patients must have active diarrhea, which is defined as at least 3 days of Bristol 6 or 7 stools in the past 2 weeks prior to enrollment per patient report.
5. Willing and able to provide written informed consent and assent before initiation of any study procedures, consistent with local IRB policy.
6. Subjects must be of non-childbearing potential or if of childbearing potential, must be using an effective method of birth control or must be abstinent.

   * Non-childbearing potential is defined as surgically sterile or postmenopausal for \> one year.
   * Effective methods of birth control include the use of hormonal or barrier birth control such as implants, injectable contraceptives, combined oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices (IUDs),or condoms with spermicidal agents during study period. Female subjects must be using an effective method of birth control or practice abstinence and must agree to continue such precautions during the study and for 30 days after the Day 28 study visit.
   * A woman is eligible if she is monogamous with a vasectomized male.This subject is considered low risk and not required to use contraception.
7. Agrees to complete all screening requirements, study visits and procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

Subjects meeting any of the exclusion criteria at baseline will be excluded from study participation:

1. Other identified infectious causes of diarrhea at screening. Alternative diagnosis requiring treatment would be considered a co-infection; if the testing is positive for a pathogen that the PI does not feel is causing the symptoms, they may be included but the PI or his/her designee must document that the positive test is not clinically significant, does not require treatment and is not causing the symptoms making the patient eligible for enrollment.
2. Any condition that would, in opinion of the Site Investigator, place the subject at an unacceptable risk of injury or render the subject unable to meet the requirements of the protocol.
3. Subjects receiving oral or intravenous immunoglobulin therapy concurrently or in the 14 days prior to enrollment.
4. Nitazoxanide use for any illness in the previous 30 days prior to randomization.
5. Have received experimental products within 30 days prior to the study entry or plan to receive experimental products at any time during the study
6. Known sensitivity to nitazoxanide or any of the excipients comprising the nitazoxanide tablets.
7. Subjects unable to swallow oral medications.
8. Subjects with ostomy.
9. Women who are pregnant or lactating or have a positive urine pregnancy test at screening/enrollment/Day 1.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Time to Initial Clinical Resolution of Norovirus Symptoms
timeFrame: 48 hours through Day 180
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Number of Participants Experiencing Laboratory Adverse Events (AEs)
timeFrame: Day 1 (baseline) through Day 60
measure: Change in Viral Titer (Day 1 to Day 180)
timeFrame: Day 1 (baseline) and Day 180
measure: Number of Participants Reporting Hospitalization
timeFrame: Day 1 (baseline) through Day 60
measure: Number of Participants Reporting Protocol-Specified SAEs
timeFrame: Day 1 (baseline) through Day 60
measure: Number of Participants Experiencing Unsolicited Non-Serious Adverse Events
timeFrame: Day 1 (baseline) through Day 60
measure: Time to First Negative Viral Load
timeFrame: Day 1 (baseline) and Day 180
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Chicago
country: United States
facility: Northwestern University - Comprehensive Transplant Center
state: Illinois
city: Kansas City
country: United States
facility: University of Kansas Medical Center - Infectious Diseases
state: Kansas
city: Baltimore
country: United States
facility: Johns Hopkins Hospital - Medicine - Infectious Diseases
state: Maryland
city: Ann Arbor
country: United States
facility: University of Michigan School of Public Health - Epidemiology
state: Michigan
city: Ann Arbor
country: United States
facility: University of Michigan - Infectious Disease Clinic at Taubman Center
state: Michigan
city: Omaha
country: United States
facility: University of Nebraska Medical Center - Infectious Diseases
state: Nebraska
city: Cincinnati
country: United States
facility: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Vaccine Research Center
state: Ohio
city: Pittsburgh
country: United States
facility: University of Pittsburgh - Medicine - Infectious Diseases
state: Pennsylvania
city: Pittsburgh
country: United States
facility: Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC - Pediatric Infectious Diseases
state: Pennsylvania
city: Dallas
country: United States
facility: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center - Internal Medicine Subspecialties Clinic
state: Texas
city: Seattle
country: United States
facility: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Diseases
state: Washington
city: Seattle
country: United States
facility: University of Washington - Medicine
state: Washington
Study officials:
References: