Clinical trial NCT04257656: A Trial of Remdesivir in Adults With Severe COVID-19
Official title: A Phase 3 Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Remdesivir in Hospitalized Adult Patients With Severe COVID-19.
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: TERMINATED
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: COVID-19
Remdesivir
SARS-CoV-2
Lead sponsor: Capital Medical University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2020-02-06
Enrollment: 237
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: In December 2019, Wuhan, in Hubei province, China, became the center of an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown cause. In a short time, Chinese scientists had shared the genome information of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from these pneumonia patients and developed a real-time reverse transcription PCR (real-time RT-PCR) diagnostic assay.

Given no specific antiviral therapy for COVID-19 and the ready availability of remdesvir as a potential antiviral agent, based on pre-clinical studies in SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections, this randomized, controlled, double blind trial will evaluate the efficacy and safety of remdesivir in patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19.

Detailed description: In December 2019, Wuhan, in Hubei province, China, became the center of an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown cause. In a short time, Chinese scientists had shared the genome information of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from these pneumonia patients and developed a real-time reverse transcription PCR (real-time RT-PCR) diagnostic assay.

Whilst the outbreak is likely to have started from a zoonotic transmission event associated with a large seafood market that also traded in live wild animals, it soon became clear that person-to-person transmission was also occurring. The number of cases of infection with COVID-19 identified in Wuhan increased markedly over the later part of January 2020, with cases identified in multiple other Provinces of China and internationally. Mathematical models of the expansion phase of the epidemic suggested that sustained person-to-person transmission is occurring, and the R-zero is substantially above 1, the level required for a self-sustaining epidemic in human populations.

The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 illness appears to be wide, encompassing asymptomatic infection, a mild upper respiratory tract infection, and severe viral pneumonia with respiratory failure and even death. Although the per infection risk of severe disease remains to be determined, case-fatality risk of 11-14% has been reported in several initial studies of seriously ill patients and case-fatality has been estimated approximately at 2% overall. Also the large number of cases in Wuhan has resulted in a large number of patients hospitalised with pneumonia requiring supplemental oxygen and sometimes more advance ventilator support.

This new coronavirus, and previous experiences with SARS and MERS-CoV, highlight the need for therapeutics for human coronavirus infections that can improve clinical outcomes, speed recovery, and reduce the requirements for intensive supportive care and prolonged hospitalisation.

Given no specific antiviral therapy for COVID-19 and the ready availability of remdesvir as a potential antiviral agent, based on pre-clinical studies in SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections, this randomized, controlled, double blind trial will evaluate the efficacy and safety of remdesivir in patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age ≥18 years at time of signing Informed Consent Form
2. Laboratory (RT-PCR) confirmed COVID-19.
3. Lung involvement confirmed with chest imaging
4. Hospitalized with a SaO2/SPO2≤94% on room air or Pa02/Fi02 ratio \<300mgHg
5. ≤12 days since illness onset
6. Willingness of study participant to accept randomization to any assigned treatment arm.
7. Must agree not to enroll in another study of an investigational agent prior to completion of Day 28 of study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Physician makes a decision that trial involvement is not in patients' best interest, or any condition that does not allow the protocol to be followed safely.
2. Severe liver disease (e.g. Child Pugh score ≥ C, AST\>5 times upper limit)
3. Pregnant or breastfeeding, or positive pregnancy test in a predose examination
4. Patients with known severe renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤30 mL/min/1.73 m2) or receiving continuous renal replacement therapy, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis
5. Will be transferred to another hospital which is not the study site within 72 hours.
6. Receipt of any experimental treatment for COVID-19 within the 30 days prior to the time of the screening evaluation.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Time to Clinical Improvement (TTCI) [Censored at Day 28]
timeFrame: up to 28 days
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Clinical status
timeFrame: days 7, 14, 21, and 28
measure: Time to Hospital Discharge OR NEWS2 (National Early Warning Score 2) of ≤ 2 maintained for 24 hours.
timeFrame: up to 28 days
measure: All cause mortality
timeFrame: up to 28 days
measure: Duration (days) of mechanical ventilation
timeFrame: up to 28 days
measure: Duration (days) of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
timeFrame: up to 28 days
measure: Duration (days) of supplemental oxygenation
timeFrame: up to 28 days
measure: Length of hospital stay (days)
timeFrame: up to 28 days
measure: Time to 2019-nCoV RT-PCR negativity in upper and lower respiratory tract specimens
timeFrame: up to 28 days
measure: Change (reduction) in 2019-nCoV viral load in upper and lower respiratory tract specimens as assessed by area under viral load curve.
timeFrame: up to 28 days
measure: Frequency of serious adverse drug events
timeFrame: up to 28 days
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Beijing
country: China
facility: Bin Cao
state: Beijing
Study officials:
References:
citation: Ansems K, Grundeis F, Dahms K, Mikolajewska A, Thieme V, Piechotta V, Metzendorf MI, Stegemann M, Benstoem C, Fichtner F. Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Aug 5;8(8):CD014962. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014962.
citation: Wang Y, Zhou F, Zhang D, Zhao J, Du R, Hu Y, Cheng Z, Gao L, Jin Y, Luo G, Fu S, Lu Q, Du G, Wang K, Lu Y, Fan G, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Ruan S, Liu W, Jaki T, Hayden FG, Horby PW, Cao B, Wang C. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of intravenous remdesivir in adult patients with severe COVID-19: study protocol for a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Trials. 2020 May 24;21(1):422. doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04352-9.
citation: Wang Y, Zhang D, Du G, Du R, Zhao J, Jin Y, Fu S, Gao L, Cheng Z, Lu Q, Hu Y, Luo G, Wang K, Lu Y, Li H, Wang S, Ruan S, Yang C, Mei C, Wang Y, Ding D, Wu F, Tang X, Ye X, Ye Y, Liu B, Yang J, Yin W, Wang A, Fan G, Zhou F, Liu Z, Gu X, Xu J, Shang L, Zhang Y, Cao L, Guo T, Wan Y, Qin H, Jiang Y, Jaki T, Hayden FG, Horby PW, Cao B, Wang C. Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2020 May 16;395(10236):1569-1578. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31022-9. Epub 2020 Apr 29.