Clinical trial NCT04409587: Basal Insulin Glycemic ControL With DEglugec vs Aspart Via Pump
Official title: Basal Insulin Glycemic ControL With DEglugec vs Aspart Via Pump: A Comparison of Insulin Degludec to Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion of Insulin Aspart for Basal Insulin Delivery in Type 1 Diabetes
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE4
Conditions: Type1 Diabetes Mellitus
Keywords: Continuous Glucose Monitoring
CGM
Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
Lead sponsor: Mountain Diabetes and Endocrine Center
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Novo Nordisk A/S
First posted: 2020-06-01
Enrollment: 59
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Intervention model description: This will be a randomized, cross-over, open label, single-center study consisting of a 20 week period on each of two basal insulin delivery methods, both in combination with insulin aspart with boluses taken by insulin pump. Each 20 week period will consist of a 4 week insulin optimization period for titration of basal and bolus insulin doses, followed by a 16 week maintenance period. The final 2 weeks of the maintenance period during each treatment arm will be used for endpoint data collection. The treatment sequence will occur in random order. The study population will include patients with type 1 diabetes with good baseline glycemic control who are experienced in the use of both Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion and Continuous Glucose Monitor; the cross-over design allows each subject to serve as his or her own control.
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The purpose of this investigator-initiated trial is to compare the effect of a daily injection of insulin degludec vs. basal insulin delivery via Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII), both in combination with bolus insulin delivery via the patient's usual insulin pump with insulin aspart, on glycemic variability, overall blood glucose control and incidence of hypoglycemia, all assessed by continuous glucose monitor (CGM), as well as patient satisfaction, in patients with type 1 diabetes currently using CSII.

Detailed description: The primary objective of this trial is to determine whether insulin degludec will provide an equally stable and consistent basal glycemic profile with lower glycemic variability as determined by Continuous Glucose Monitoring compared to insulin aspart delivered by Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion in patients with type 1 diabetes experienced in use of insulin pump therapy. Specifically, this study will determine if the percent time in the target glycemic range (70 to 180 mg/dl) by Continuous Glucose Monitoring is superior using insulin degludec than continuously infused insulin aspart, and if degludec is associated with lower glucose variability as assessed by the standard deviation (SD) of the mean daily glucose by Continuous Glucose Monitoring. Particular attention will be given to the nocturnal glucose profile (from midnight to 6 am) which most closely reflects basal insulin action as it is typically the time of day least affected by bolus insulin, food intake or exercise. Quality of life questionnaires regarding treatment preference will be used to capture patient preference for method of basal insulin delivery.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Study hypothesis:

It is anticipated, based on the low glycemic variability of insulin degludec shown in glucose clamp studies and seen in clinical practice, that insulin degludec will provide more stable 24 hour basal insulin action than insulin aspart by Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Primary endpoint:

Percent time in euglycemia (BG 70 to 180 mg/dl) by Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) during the final 14 days of each treatment period during steady state (with basal insulin delivery as either one daily injection of insulin degludec or as insulin aspart via CSII).

Study type:

This will be a randomized, cross-over, open label, single-center study consisting of a 20 week period on each of two basal insulin delivery methods, both in combination with insulin aspart with boluses taken by insulin pump. Each 20 week period will consist of a 4 week insulin optimization period for titration of basal and bolus insulin doses, followed by a 16 week maintenance period. The final 2 weeks of the maintenance period during each treatment arm will be used for endpoint data collection. The treatment sequence will occur in random order. The study population will include patients with type 1 diabetes with good baseline glycemic control who are experienced in the use of both CSII and CGM; the cross-over design allows each subject to serve as his or her own control.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male and female patients \> 18 years of age with type 1 diabetes using CSII with any pump for \> 12 months.
2. Females must be using adequate contraception, defined as oral contraceptive pill, barrier method of contraception, or surgical method (tubal ligation or hysterectomy).
3. Good glycemic control (HbA1c \< 8.0%).
4. Patients are experienced in carbohydrate counting, evidenced by pump downloads showing frequent meal boluses with realistic carbohydrate entries, few over-rides of the pump bolus calculator, few to no omitted boluses (at least 3 boluses per day), and post-meal glucose levels generally below 200 mg/dl indicating accurate carbohydrate assessment.
5. Patients are regular (\>85% of time) users of the Dexcom G5 or G6 CGM.
6. Pump download confirms correct use of insulin pump features, including appropriate use of bolus calculator with minimal overrides, entering carbohydrate content of meals, at least 3 boluses taken per day, appropriate use of correction boluses, and infusion set changes every 2 to 3 days.
7. No serious comorbidities including: retinopathy requiring active intervention, eGFR \< 30, CV event within the previous 6 months, active malignancy with ongoing treatment, any condition requiring chronic use of systemic glucocorticoids, or any other condition which in the opinion of the investigator would interfere with the subject's ability to comply with the study protocol or acutely affect insulin requirements.
8. Able to comply with study protocol.
9. Ability to provide written informed consent prior to any study-related procedures.

   -

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subjects with type 2 diabetes.
2. Subjects with HbA1c \> 8.0%
3. Subjects not using CSII and CGM (ie, on MDI)
4. Subjects inexperienced in the use of CSII, or whose pump download shows poor utilization of bolus calculator features, ie fewer than 2 boluses per day, lack of correction boluses, frequent overrides of the recommended boluses, unrealistic carbohydrate entries (suggestive of under-bolusing), not changing infusion set at least every 3 days, or other evidence of poor insulin pump usage.
5. Subjects inexperienced in or not regular users (\>85% of time) of Dexcom G5 or G6 CGM
6. Subjects who are using a Medtronic pump with low blood glucose suspend who are unwilling to use the Dexcom CGM or to disengage the low blood glucose suspend feature of the pump.
7. Use of any other CGM than Dexcom G5 or G6.
8. Serious concomitant illness.
9. Females unwilling to use adequate contraception, intending to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.
10. Known or suspected allergy to study products, their excipients or related products.
11. Previous participation in this trial. Note: subjects who screen fail because of A1c may rescreen once if, in the opinion of the investigator, the HbA1c was explainable (ie, recent steroid injection or illness, etc) and atypical for the subject.
12. Hypoglycemic unawareness.
13. Episode of severe hypoglycemia (requiring assistance for treatment) within the previous 90 days.

    -

Primary outcomes:
measure: Percent time in euglycemia (BG 70 to 180 mg/dl) by CGM
timeFrame: 46 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Standard Deviation (SD) of blood glucose by CGM for two week period
timeFrame: 46 weeks
measure: SD of blood glucose by CGM during the nocturnal period
timeFrame: 46 weeks
measure: Percent time in hypoglycemia by CGM
timeFrame: 46 weeks
measure: Percent time in normoglycemia
timeFrame: 46 weeks
measure: Time to recovery from level 2 hypoglycemia
timeFrame: 46 weeks
measure: Patient satisfaction
timeFrame: 46 weeks
measure: Patient satisfaction
timeFrame: 46 weeks
measure: HbA1c
timeFrame: 46 weeks
measure: Total daily insulin dosage
timeFrame: 46 weeks
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Asheville
country: United States
facility: Mountain Diabetes and Endocrine Center
state: North Carolina
Study officials:
References:
citation: Misso ML, Egberts KJ, Page M, O'Connor D, Shaw J. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) versus multiple insulin injections for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jan 20;(1):CD005103. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005103.pub2.
citation: Miller KM, Foster NC, Beck RW, Bergenstal RM, DuBose SN, DiMeglio LA, Maahs DM, Tamborlane WV; T1D Exchange Clinic Network. Current state of type 1 diabetes treatment in the U.S.: updated data from the T1D Exchange clinic registry. Diabetes Care. 2015 Jun;38(6):971-8. doi: 10.2337/dc15-0078.
citation: Heise T, Hermanski L, Nosek L, Feldman A, Rasmussen S, Haahr H. Insulin degludec: four times lower pharmacodynamic variability than insulin glargine under steady-state conditions in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012 Sep;14(9):859-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2012.01627.x. Epub 2012 Jun 7.
citation: Lane W, Bailey TS, Gerety G, Gumprecht J, Philis-Tsimikas A, Hansen CT, Nielsen TSS, Warren M; Group Information; SWITCH 1. Effect of Insulin Degludec vs Insulin Glargine U100 on Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: The SWITCH 1 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017 Jul 4;318(1):33-44. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.7115.
citation: Bergenstal RM, Garg S, Weinzimer SA, Buckingham BA, Bode BW, Tamborlane WV, Kaufman FR. Safety of a Hybrid Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery System in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes. JAMA. 2016 Oct 4;316(13):1407-1408. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.11708. No abstract available.
citation: Novo Nordisk. (2015). TRESIBA® (insulin degludec injection) Label. 28-29
citation: Novo Nordisk. (2000). NovoLog (insulin aspart [rDNA origin]) injection label. 21-22