Clinical trial NCT02912793: Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Trappsol Cyclo (HPBCD) in Niemann-Pick Type C Patients
Official title: A Phase I/II Study to Evaluate the Safety and PK of iv Trappsol Cyclo (HP-β-CD) in Patients With Niemann-Pick Disease Type C NPC-1 and the Pharmacodynamic Effects of Treatment Upon Markers of Cholesterol Metabolism and Clinical Outcomes
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE1
PHASE2
Conditions: Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C1
Lead sponsor: Cyclo Therapeutics, Inc.
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2016-09-23
Enrollment: 12
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 2
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: This research study is being conducted to find out whether Trappsol® Cyclo™, an experimental treatment for people with Niemann-Pick disease Type C1 (NPC-1) is safe at 3 different dose levels and what effects it has on people who have this condition. NPC-1 is caused by a defect in a protein which is important for the transport of fatty substances like cholesterol out of cells. Without this protein, fats build up in the cells ultimately leading to organ damage. The way in which this experimental treatment works is not fully understood but laboratory experiments have shown that it can potentially remove cholesterol build up from the cells in people who have NPC-1. Approximately 12 patients will be asked to take part in this research study for up to 56 weeks in total. recruitment is expected to take 9 months.Patients who take part will receive treatment by an intravenous infusion every two weeks. The study will look at what the body does to the drug as well as what the drug does to the body by taking and examining blood and urine samples. Samples of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are also taken by lumbar puncture during and following the first treatment dose. Patients will also have their hearing tested, be asked questions by their doctor as well completing questionnaires to help assess any changes in their condition during treatment. Optional assessments patients can choose to take part in include liver biopsies, additional lumbar punctures for CSF.examinations to see if the drug is affecting these. This study is being sponsored and funded by CTD holdings INC. It is planned to be run in the UK, Italy, and Sweden.

Detailed description: The planned study has been designed as a Phase I/II, double-blind, randomised, multi-centre, parallel group study based on information and data available from the administration of Trappsol Cyclo via compassionate/named patient use in patients with NPC-1, and data on other cyclodextrin products in the scientific literature.

The study is comprised of two stages. The primary objective of Stage 1 is to compare the plasma pharmacokinetics of three different doses of IV Trappsol Cyclo in the prevention /delay of NPC-1 progression.Secondary objectives include investigation of the Hydroxypropyl Beta Cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) effect of three different doses of IV Trappsol Cyclo upon serum and lymphocytic markers of cholesterol metabolism (Stages 1 and 2) and evaluation of concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) following intravenous (IV) administration (Stage 1), evaluation of the impact of treatment upon measures of neurological function including ataxia, aphasia and saccadic eye movements, and the impact of treatment upon behavioural aspects of NPC-1 (Stage 2).

It is planned to recruit a total of 12 patients to the study. Patients will be randomised 1:1:1 to one of the three dose levels (1500 mg/kg, 2000 mg/kg or 2500 mg/kg; four patients per dose level). Treatment will be administered every two weeks by slow IV infusion at a concentration of 250 mg/mL over 8 hours. Patients completing Stage 1 of the study will continue into Stage 2 and receive treatment for 48 weeks. Patients who withdraw prior to completion of the initial pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) assessments will be replaced.

The design of the proposed study thus enables early assessment of biochemical markers of response but allows for a sufficient dosing duration to enable the effectiveness of Trappsol in NPC-1 to be assessed.

As miglustat is an approved treatment for NPC-1 in the EU, with an established efficacy and safety profile, it would be unethical to exclude patients receiving miglustat therapy from the study, given that the study itself will also be conducted at sites in Europe. However, it is planned to balance randomisation across the treatment groups for its use.

The maximum dose proposed for this study is below the maximum dose for which long term clinical data is available in 2 patients (2800 mg/kg weekly for 3-5 years). Although individual clinicians have not always utilised an escalating rate of infusion, the reports of infusion related reactions in three patients suggest that this is an appropriate clinical strategy to mitigate the risk of such events and is consistent with dosing administration for other therapeutic agents. In the proposed study, treatment will be administered less frequently than has been undertaken in compassionate use. This longer dosing interval is supported by nonclinical data comparing the metabolism of cholesterol in non-human species with that in man; although a once weekly dosing interval was initially studied in man based on data in the mouse, HP-β-CD cholesterol metabolism/turnover in the mouse is 13-fold higher than in man which, in NPC-1, likely translates into a 13-fold slower accumulation of cholesterol in human cells compared with those of the mouse.Therefore, it is theorised that, given the slower cholesterol metabolism in humans, the dosing interval could be much less frequent in man than in mouse; however, based on what is known about cholesterol metabolism in humans and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effect of HP-β-CD in the mouse, a dosing interval of 2 weeks in man is likely to be well within the therapeutic dosing interval and also minimises the amount of infusions required to be administered.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Confirmed diagnosis of NPC-1 defined as one of the following

   * Two NPC-1 mutations on genotyping
   * One NPC-1 mutation and positive filipin staining (current or prior)
   * Vertical supranuclear gaze palsy \[VSNGP\] plus either ≥ one NPC-1 mutation or positive filipin staining and no NPC-2 mutations
2. NIH NPC Severity Score \<30 and with no more than 4 individual domains with a score ≥ 3.
3. Age range: 2 years upwards

   * Inclusion of the first three paediatric patients will be restricted to individuals aged ≥ 5 years. Once the first three paediatric patients have safely completed stage 1, study entry will be open to all ages ≥2 years as per the protocol
4. Negative pregnancy test for females of child bearing potential
5. Written, informed consent

   -

Exclusion Criteria:

1. The presence of NPC-2 mutations on genotyping
2. Previous receipt of cyclodextrin therapy
3. Lanksy score \< 50 if aged ≤16 or Karnofsky score \< 40 if aged \> 16.
4. Inability to comply with the proposed protocol assessments
5. Concurrent treatment with any type of cholesterol lowering agents such as statins, fibrates, ezetimibe
6. Concurrent medical conditions representing a contraindication to any of the study medications
7. Stage 3 renal impairment or worse as indicated by eGFR\< 60mL/min using the MDRD equation
8. Clinical evidence of acute liver disease including symptoms of jaundice or right upper quadrant pain or INR \>1. 8
9. Involvement in another interventional clinical trial within the previous 6 months
10. Weight \>100 kg
11. Females of childbearing potential who are not willing to use a method of highly effective contraception (hormonal contraception, intrauterine device, intrauterine hormone-releasing system, bilateral tubal occlusion, vasectomised partner, or true abstinence) during the study and the follow-up period. True abstinence can only be in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject. Periodic abstinence (e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, post-ovulation methods), declaration of abstinence for the duration of a trial, and withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception.
12. Females who are breastfeeding

    -

Primary outcomes:
measure: To evaluate the plasma the Maximum Concentration (C max) of 3 doses of Trappsol by measurement of plasma levels
timeFrame: 0,2,4,6,& 8 hours (h) after the start of the IV infusion of Trappsol and 0.5,1,2,4,8 & 12 h after the end of the infusion
measure: To evaluate the Time to Maximum Concentration ( Tmax) of 3 doses of Trappsol by measurement of plasma levels
timeFrame: 0,2,4,6,& 8h after the start of IV infusion of Trappsol and 0.5,1,2,4,6 &12h after the end of infusion
measure: To evaluate the Volume of Distribution of Trappsol by measurement of plasma levels
timeFrame: ),2,4,6 & 8 h after the start of the IV infusion of Trappsol and 0.5,1,2,4,8,&12 h after the end of the infusion
measure: To evaluate the elimination half-life of Trappsol by measurement of plasma levels
timeFrame: 0,2,3,6 & 8h after the start of IV infusion of Trappsol and 0.5,1,2,4,8 &12h after the end of infusion
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Markers of cholesterol metabolism
timeFrame: Screening,Days1,2,3,5,8,Weeks 2,4,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,24,28,32,36,40,44,48 and follow-up
measure: CSF levels of HP-β-CD
timeFrame: Pre then 4,8,and 12h after the start of the initial infusion
measure: Number of patients with treatment-related adverse events as assessed by CTCAE ( version 4.03)
timeFrame: Screening,Days1,2,3,4,6,8,Week 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,32,34,36,38,40,42,44,46,48 and follow-up
measure: Abdominal ultrasound
timeFrame: Baseline 12,24,36 and 48 weeks
measure: The proportion of patients with a reduction from baseline in the NIH NPC severity scale
timeFrame: Baseline and 48weeks
measure: Top evaluate the impact of treatment on ataxia
timeFrame: Screening, baseline and weeks 12,18,36 and 48
measure: To evaluate the effect of treatment on fine motor skills
timeFrame: Screening, baseline and weeks 12,18,36 and 48
measure: To evaluate the effect of treatment on saccadic eye movements
timeFrame: Screening, baseline and weeks 12,18,36 and 48
measure: To evaluate cognitive impairment
timeFrame: Screening, baseline and weeks 12,18,36 and 48
Other outcomes:
measure: Change from baseline in hepatic fractionated cholesterol
timeFrame: Baseline , day 2 and 48weeks
measure: Exploratory measures of potential CSF Biomarkers
timeFrame: Baseline, weeks 24and 48
Locations:
city: Beer sheva
country: Israel
facility: Soroka Mc
state: Rager Blvd
city: 'Afula
country: Israel
facility: HaeMek MC
city: Solna
country: Sweden
facility: Karolinska Trial Alliance
state: Huddinge
city: Salford
country: United Kingdom
facility: Salford Royal Hospital
state: Greater Manchester
city: London
country: United Kingdom
facility: Leonard Wolfson Experimental Neurology Centre
Study officials:
affiliation: Salford Royal Foundation NHS Trust,
name: Reena Sharma, MB BS
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Battisti C, Tarugi P, Dotti MT, De Stefano N, Vattimo A, Chierichetti F, Calandra S, Federico A. Adult onset Niemann-Pick type C disease: A clinical, neuroimaging and molecular genetic study. Mov Disord. 2003 Nov;18(11):1405-9. doi: 10.1002/mds.10541.
citation: Coussement W, Van Cauteren H, Vandenberghe J, et al. Toxicological profile of Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) in laboratory animals. In: Minutes of the Fifth International Symposium on cyclodextrins; 28-30 March 1990; Paris, France: Editions de Santé; 1990 p. 522-4.
citation: Fischer D, Stewart AL, Bloch DA, Lorig K, Laurent D, Holman H. Capturing the patient's view of change as a clinical outcome measure. JAMA. 1999 Sep 22-29;282(12):1157-62. doi: 10.1001/jama.282.12.1157.
citation: Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975 Nov;12(3):189-98. doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6. No abstract available.
citation: Giese AK, Mascher H, Grittner U, Eichler S, Kramp G, Lukas J, te Vruchte D, Al Eisa N, Cortina-Borja M, Porter FD, Platt FM, Rolfs A. A novel, highly sensitive and specific biomarker for Niemann-Pick type C1 disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2015 Jun 17;10:78. doi: 10.1186/s13023-015-0274-1.
citation: Gould S, Scott RC. 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD): a toxicology review. Food Chem Toxicol. 2005 Oct;43(10):1451-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.03.007. Epub 2005 Apr 19.
citation: Greer WL, Dobson MJ, Girouard GS, Byers DM, Riddell DC, Neumann PE. Mutations in NPC1 highlight a conserved NPC1-specific cysteine-rich domain. Am J Hum Genet. 1999 Nov;65(5):1252-60. doi: 10.1086/302620.
citation: Kamper SJ, Maher CG, Mackay G. Global rating of change scales: a review of strengths and weaknesses and considerations for design. J Man Manip Ther. 2009;17(3):163-70. doi: 10.1179/jmt.2009.17.3.163.
citation: King KA, Gordon-Salant S, Yanjanin N, Zalewski C, Houser A, Porter FD, Brewer CC. Auditory phenotype of Niemann-Pick disease, type C1. Ear Hear. 2014 Jan-Feb;35(1):110-7. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0b013e3182a362b8.
citation: Liu B, Li H, Repa JJ, Turley SD, Dietschy JM. Genetic variations and treatments that affect the lifespan of the NPC1 mouse. J Lipid Res. 2008 Mar;49(3):663-9. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M700525-JLR200. Epub 2007 Dec 12.
citation: Liu B, Turley SD, Burns DK, Miller AM, Repa JJ, Dietschy JM. Reversal of defective lysosomal transport in NPC disease ameliorates liver dysfunction and neurodegeneration in the npc1-/- mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Feb 17;106(7):2377-82. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0810895106. Epub 2009 Jan 26.
citation: Mattsson N, Zetterberg H, Bianconi S, Yanjanin NM, Fu R, Mansson JE, Porter FD, Blennow K. Miglustat treatment may reduce cerebrospinal fluid levels of the axonal degeneration marker tau in niemann-pick type C. JIMD Rep. 2012;3:45-52. doi: 10.1007/8904_2011_47. Epub 2011 Sep 28.
citation: Naureckiene S, Sleat DE, Lackland H, Fensom A, Vanier MT, Wattiaux R, Jadot M, Lobel P. Identification of HE1 as the second gene of Niemann-Pick C disease. Science. 2000 Dec 22;290(5500):2298-301. doi: 10.1126/science.290.5500.2298.
citation: Neufeld EB, Cooney AM, Pitha J, Dawidowicz EA, Dwyer NK, Pentchev PG, Blanchette-Mackie EJ. Intracellular trafficking of cholesterol monitored with a cyclodextrin. J Biol Chem. 1996 Aug 30;271(35):21604-13. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.35.21604.
citation: Park WD, O'Brien JF, Lundquist PA, Kraft DL, Vockley CW, Karnes PS, Patterson MC, Snow K. Identification of 58 novel mutations in Niemann-Pick disease type C: correlation with biochemical phenotype and importance of PTC1-like domains in NPC1. Hum Mutat. 2003 Oct;22(4):313-25. doi: 10.1002/humu.10255.
citation: Patterson MC, Vecchio D, Prady H, Abel L, Wraith JE. Miglustat for treatment of Niemann-Pick C disease: a randomised controlled study. Lancet Neurol. 2007 Sep;6(9):765-72. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70194-1.
citation: Patterson MC, Hendriksz CJ, Walterfang M, Sedel F, Vanier MT, Wijburg F; NP-C Guidelines Working Group. Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Niemann-Pick disease type C: an update. Mol Genet Metab. 2012 Jul;106(3):330-44. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.03.012. Epub 2012 May 8.
citation: Ramirez CM, Liu B, Aqul A, Taylor AM, Repa JJ, Turley SD, Dietschy JM. Quantitative role of LAL, NPC2, and NPC1 in lysosomal cholesterol processing defined by genetic and pharmacological manipulations. J Lipid Res. 2011 Apr;52(4):688-98. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M013789. Epub 2011 Feb 2.
citation: Schicks J, Muller Vom Hagen J, Bauer P, Beck-Wodl S, Biskup S, Krageloh-Mann I, Schols L, Synofzik M. Niemann-Pick type C is frequent in adult ataxia with cognitive decline and vertical gaze palsy. Neurology. 2013 Mar 19;80(12):1169-70. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31828869f9. Epub 2013 Feb 20. No abstract available.
citation: Schmitz-Hubsch T, du Montcel ST, Baliko L, Berciano J, Boesch S, Depondt C, Giunti P, Globas C, Infante J, Kang JS, Kremer B, Mariotti C, Melegh B, Pandolfo M, Rakowicz M, Ribai P, Rola R, Schols L, Szymanski S, van de Warrenburg BP, Durr A, Klockgether T, Fancellu R. Scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia: development of a new clinical scale. Neurology. 2006 Jun 13;66(11):1717-20. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000219042.60538.92.
citation: Sevin M, Lesca G, Baumann N, Millat G, Lyon-Caen O, Vanier MT, Sedel F. The adult form of Niemann-Pick disease type C. Brain. 2007 Jan;130(Pt 1):120-33. doi: 10.1093/brain/awl260. Epub 2006 Sep 26.
citation: te Vruchte D, Speak AO, Wallom KL, Al Eisa N, Smith DA, Hendriksz CJ, Simmons L, Lachmann RH, Cousins A, Hartung R, Mengel E, Runz H, Beck M, Amraoui Y, Imrie J, Jacklin E, Riddick K, Yanjanin NM, Wassif CA, Rolfs A, Rimmele F, Wright N, Taylor C, Ramaswami U, Cox TM, Hastings C, Jiang X, Sidhu R, Ory DS, Arias B, Jeyakumar M, Sillence DJ, Wraith JE, Porter FD, Cortina-Borja M, Platt FM. Relative acidic compartment volume as a lysosomal storage disorder-associated biomarker. J Clin Invest. 2014 Mar;124(3):1320-8. doi: 10.1172/JCI72835.
citation: Trendelenburg G, Vanier MT, Maza S, Millat G, Bohner G, Munz DL, Zschenderlein R. Niemann-Pick type C disease in a 68-year-old patient. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006 Aug;77(8):997-8. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.086785. No abstract available.
citation: Vance JE. Dysregulation of cholesterol balance in the brain: contribution to neurodegenerative diseases. Dis Model Mech. 2012 Nov;5(6):746-55. doi: 10.1242/dmm.010124. Epub 2012 Oct 12.
citation: Vanier MT. Niemann-Pick disease type C. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2010 Jun 3;5:16. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-5-16.
citation: Vite CH, Bagel JH, Swain GP, Prociuk M, Sikora TU, Stein VM, O'Donnell P, Ruane T, Ward S, Crooks A, Li S, Mauldin E, Stellar S, De Meulder M, Kao ML, Ory DS, Davidson C, Vanier MT, Walkley SU. Intracisternal cyclodextrin prevents cerebellar dysfunction and Purkinje cell death in feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease. Sci Transl Med. 2015 Feb 25;7(276):276ra26. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3010101.
citation: Welford RW, Garzotti M, Marques Lourenco C, Mengel E, Marquardt T, Reunert J, Amraoui Y, Kolb SA, Morand O, Groenen P. Plasma lysosphingomyelin demonstrates great potential as a diagnostic biomarker for Niemann-Pick disease type C in a retrospective study. PLoS One. 2014 Dec 5;9(12):e114669. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114669. eCollection 2014.
citation: Weyer A, Abele M, Schmitz-Hubsch T, Schoch B, Frings M, Timmann D, Klockgether T. Reliability and validity of the scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia: a study in 64 ataxia patients. Mov Disord. 2007 Aug 15;22(11):1633-7. doi: 10.1002/mds.21544.
citation: Yamamoto T, Nanba E, Ninomiya H, Higaki K, Taniguchi M, Zhang H, Akaboshi S, Watanabe Y, Takeshima T, Inui K, Okada S, Tanaka A, Sakuragawa N, Millat G, Vanier MT, Morris JA, Pentchev PG, Ohno K. NPC1 gene mutations in Japanese patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C. Hum Genet. 1999 Jul-Aug;105(1-2):10-6. doi: 10.1007/s004399900059.
citation: Yanjanin NM, Velez JI, Gropman A, King K, Bianconi SE, Conley SK, Brewer CC, Solomon B, Pavan WJ, Arcos-Burgos M, Patterson MC, Porter FD. Linear clinical progression, independent of age of onset, in Niemann-Pick disease, type C. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2010 Jan 5;153B(1):132-40. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30969.