Clinical trial NCT01680861: Tacrolimus/Everolimus Versus Tacrolimus/Enteric-Coated Mycophenolate Sodium
Official title: Randomized, Open-Label Trial of Tacrolimus/Everolimus vs. Tacrolimus/Enteric-Coated Mycophenolate Sodium to Prevent Biopsy-Proven Acute Rejection and Chronic Allograft Injury in Adult, Primary Kidney Transplantation
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: Transplant; Failure, Kidney
Keywords: Kidney transplant patients
Lead sponsor: University of Miami
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2012-09-07
Enrollment: 32
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 75
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: A recent therapeutic strategy following renal transplantation includes simultaneous use of reduced calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) dosing and maximized use of a non-nephrotoxic, antiproliferative drug (inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) or TOR inhibitor), with the goals of reducing/avoiding CNI nephrotoxicity, the incidence of acute rejection, and chronic allograft injury (CAI) (i.e., interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy), leading to more favorable longer-term patient and graft survival.1-7 Early corticosteroid withdrawal has also been used in the attempt to avoid well-known side effects while maintaining favorable patient and graft survival.8-10 While the investigators center and numerous other centers have also included single agent, antibody induction utilizing the lymphodepleting polyclonal antibody rabbit anti-human thymocyte globulin (ATG), nondepleting human anti-interleukin-2 receptor (CD25) monoclonal antibody daclizumab (Dac) or basiliximab, or lymphodepleting humanized anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab,11-17 evidence now suggests that an even more effective induction strategy may include the combined use of more than one induction agent (each with fewer doses than if used alone), with the goal of bringing the kidney transplant recipient even closer (through more effectively timed lymphodepletion) to an optimally immunosuppressed state, allowing further reduction in long-term maintenance drug dosing.18-25 The investigators have now successfully used dual ATG/Dac induction therapy in both kidney-alone23-24 and simultaneous kidney-pancreas (SPK) transplantation,18-20 and a recent report from the investigators center of kidney-alone and SPK recipients shows that the addition of anti-CD25 to ATG for induction therapy more effectively delays the return of peripheral blood CD25+ cells.25 In the kidney-alone recipient study 3 doses of ATG were combined with 2 doses of Dac for induction,23-24 vs. the investigators previous studies utilizing single agent induction with 7 doses of ATG or 5 doses of Dac.4,16,17 Successful combination of ATG/basiliximab as dual induction in kidney transplantation has also been reported elsewhere,21-22 along with equivalency in clinical outcomes using daclizumab vs. basiliximab.13

Detailed description: A. Primary Objectives:

1. The percentage of patients who develop chronic allograft injury (CAI) progression during the first 12 months post-transplant protocol biopsy (i.e., higher grade of IF/TA at either the 6 or 12 month protocol biopsy in comparison with the baseline biopsy).
2. The incidence rate of biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) during the first 12 months post-transplant.

B. Secondary Objectives:

1. Adverse events including graft loss (death-censored and death-uncensored), and death at 12 months post-transplant.
2. Incidence rate and severity (severity of CAI at 12 months as well), based upon careful review of all clinically indicated and protocol biopsies.
3. Renal function as determined by serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (calculated using the abbreviated MDRD formula) at 12, months post-transplant. Use of multivariable analysis to compare renal function as well as BPAR and CAI progression will also be performed (particularly, after adjusting for the significant effects of donor age, recipient age, race/ethnicity, and any other predictors).

5. Adverse events including withholding (for ≥ 28 days) or discontinuance of study medications (and reasons why), new onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation (NODAT), infections requiring hospitalization, and requirement of anti-lipid medication at 12 months post-transplant.

6. Avoidance of the requirement for maintenance corticosteroid therapy after renal transplantation.

7. Allowance of reduced maintenance tacrolimus dosing (rTd).

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Weight \> 40 kg.
* Deceased donor (SCD) or LD.
* Donor-recipient 1 haplotype matched pairs with a minimum matching of 1 HLA DR antigen.
* Negative standard cross match for T cells.
* Pretransplant panel reactive antibodies of \< 30%.
* Graft required to be functional, producing at least 100ml of urine within 24hr after transplantation.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previously received or is receiving an organ transplant other than a kidney.
* Donor organ with a cold ischemic time \> 48 hours.
* ABO incompatible donor kidney.
* Recipients of T cell, or B cell crossmatch positive transplant.
* Panel reactive antibody (PRA) \>30%
* HIV or Hepatitis C virus, or Hepatitis B virus antigenemia.
* Current malignancy or a history of malignancy
* Liver disease
* Uncontrolled concomitant infections and/or severe diarrhea, vomiting, active upper gastro-intestinal tract malabsorption or an active peptic ulcer
* Use of warfarin, fluvastatin, or herbal supplements during the study.
* Use of astemizole, pimozide, cisapride, terfenadine, or ketoconazole.
* Hypersensitivity to thymoglobulin, IL-2 receptor inhibitor monoclonal antibodies, tacrolimus, everolimus, MPA, or corticosteroids.
* Pregnant or lactating.
* Abnormal screening/baseline labs WBC, platelet count, triglycerides, and cholesterol Double kidneys,ECD, pediatric en-block, and donation after cardiac death (DCD)

Primary outcomes:
measure: BPAR (Biopsy-proven Acute Rejection) Incidence During the First 12 Months Post-transplant
timeFrame: 1 year
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Incidence of Chronic Allograft Nephropathy (CAI) at 12 Months Post-transplant
timeFrame: 1 year
measure: Graft Loss (Return to Permanent Dialysis or Death)
timeFrame: during the first 12 months post-transplant
measure: eGFR (Calculated Glomerular Filtration Rate), i.e., Renal Function, at 1 Month Post-transplant.
timeFrame: at 1 month post-transplant
measure: eGFR (Renal Function) at Month 3 Post-transplant
timeFrame: at 3 months post-transplant
measure: eGFR (Renal Function) at 6 Months Post-transplant
timeFrame: at 6 months post-transplant
measure: Discontinuance of Any Study Medication (Tacrolimus, Everolimus, or EC-MPS)
timeFrame: during the first 12 months post-transplant
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Miami
country: United States
facility: University of Miami
state: Florida
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Miami
name: Gaetano Ciancio, M.D.
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: