Clinical trial NCT04232371: Treatment Study of AV Node Reentry Tachycardia
Official title: Randomized Clinical Trial for Treatment of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia (AVNRT): Low Voltage and Wave Front Collision Mapping vs. Anatomic/Electrogram Approach to Slow AV Nodal Pathway Ablation
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: NA
Conditions: Supraventricular Tachycardia
Keywords: New Ablation Technique
Standard Ablation Technique
Lead sponsor: Children's National Research Institute
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: University of Iowa
name: University of Wisconsin, Madison
name: University of Louisville
name: Memorial Health System
First posted: 2020-01-18
Enrollment: 300
Sex: ALL
Maximum age (years): 21
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Intervention model description: Patients will be randomized within each participating center, not by center, into study groups:

1. New Ablation Technique - will undergo ablation using voltage mapping and triangle of Koch propagation wave collision mapping. Ablation will be performed at or slightly above the site of wave front collision.
2. Standard Ablation Technique - ablation performed using the traditional anatomical / electrogram guided ablation approach.

Randomization will occur through a module in Redcap.
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Compare the effectiveness and safety of two techniques for modification of slow AV nodal pathway conduction underlying AVNRT: 1) New Ablation Technique, low voltage and wave front collision mapping vs. 2) the Standard Ablation Technique, an anatomical/electrogram approach.

Detailed description: Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is an arrhythmia condition that affects 1 in 250 to 1/1000 children. While there are many different mechanisms for SVT, having an additional electrical pathway in the heart is the most common underlying reason. The extra electrical pathway may be in the form of an accessory AV pathway that bridges the atrium and ventricle or a slowing conducting pathway in the AV nodal region. SVT may cause significant disability from the sudden unexpected rapid increase in heart rate. Symptoms associated with SVT may include dizziness, syncope, shortness of breath, chest pain and exercise intolerance. Prolonged episodes that do not self terminate may require the patient to be evaluated in an emergency room. If left untreated, SVT may result in congestive heart failure and the potential for sudden cardiac arrest.

Catheter based ablation involves the localized application of energy to the site responsible for the SVT, effecting a permanent cure. Ablation has become the primary mode for treating patients with SVT. Ablation is achieved by the focal and limited application of energy (either heating the tissue to temperatures beyond viability, radiofrequency energy (RF)) or cooling the tissue (cryoablation)) to functionally destroy the underlying myocardial tissue. Both energy sources are very effective in achieving this end point, and the elimination of arrhythmias.

SVT involving the AV node, known as AV node reentry tachycardia (AVNRT), is one of the most common forms of this arrhythmia. While a conceptual construct for understanding AV node reentry tachycardia has evolved over the years, the subtleties of the exact pathophysiologic mechanism leading to its occurrence is undefined. Most of the medical literature endorses the concept of two (dual) inputs into the compact AV node. Circus movement or reentry incorporating the fast and slow pathways (two AV nodal pathways) is thought to facilitate this form of SVT. Current ablation practice is centered on modification of the slow AV nodal pathway conduction, leaving the fast AV nodal pathway intact so as to allow for a normal conduction interval between the atrium and ventricule, the PR interval.

Approaches for ablation of the slow AV nodal pathway differ among pediatric centers. The two most used techniques for ablation of the slow AV nodal pathway to prevent AV nodal reentry tachycardia involve: 1) an anatomical/electrogram approach based on physical position of the ablation catheter and the electrogram morpholog (Standard Technique), and 2) mapping of electrogram voltage in the triangle of Koch to define an area of low voltage with assessment of the site for wave front collision of electrical activity traveling over the fast and slow AV nodal pathways (New Technique).

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Weight \>15 kg
2. Age \< 21 years old
3. Simple CHD acceptable to enroll (Table 1):

Table 1. Diagnoses in Adult Patients with Simple Congenital Heart Disease

* Isolated congenital aortic valve disease
* Isolated congenital mitral valve disease (eg, except parachute valve, cleft leaflet)
* Small atrial septal defect
* Isolated small ventricular septal defect (no associated lesions)
* Mild pulmonary stenosis
* Small patent ductus arteriosus
* Repaired conditions
* Previously ligated or occluded ductus arteriosus
* Repaired secundum or sinus venosus atrial septal defect without residua
* Repaired ventricular septal defect without residua

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Additional mechanism(s) for SVT in addition to AV nodal reentry tachycardia.
2. Moderate or Complex Congenital Heart Disease, see tables 2 and 3.

Table 2. Diagnoses in Adult Patients with Congenital Heart Disease of Moderate Complexity

* Aorto-left ventricular fistulas
* Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, partial or total
* Atrioventricular septal defects (partial or complete)
* Coarctation of the aorta
* Ebstein's anomaly
* Infundibular right ventricular outflow obstruction of significance
* Ostium primum atrial septal defect
* Patent ductus arteriosus (not closed)
* Pulmonary valve regurgitation (moderate to severe)
* Pulmonary valve stenosis (moderate to severe)
* Sinus of Valsalva fistula/aneurysm
* Sinus venosus atrial septal defect
* Subvalvular AS or SupraAS (except HOCM)
* Tetralogy of Fallot
* Ventricular septal defect with:
* Absent valve or valves
* Aortic regurgitation
* Coarctation of the aorta
* Mitral disease
* Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction
* Straddling tricuspid/mitral valve
* Subaortic stenosis

Table 3. Types of Adult Congenital Heart Disease - Severe Complexity

* Conduits, valved or nonvalved
* Cyanotic congenital heart (all forms)
* Double-outlet ventricle
* Eisenmenger syndrome
* Fontan procedure
* Mitral atresia
* Single ventricle (also called double inlet or outlet, common, or primitive)
* Pulmonary atresia (all forms)
* Pulmonary vascular obstructive disease
* Transposition of the great arteries
* Tricuspid atresia
* Truncus arteriosus/hemitruncus
* Other abnormalities of atrioventricular or ventriculoarterial connection not included above (ie, crisscross heart, isomerism, heterotaxy syndromes, ventricular inversion)

Primary outcomes:
measure: Primary end point - Number of lesions needed to achieve modification of slow AV nodal pathway
timeFrame: During procedure- start to finish
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Secondary End points - Time from start to end of ablation lesion application(s), and total length of procedure.
timeFrame: During procedure- start to finish
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Washington
country: United States
facility: Children's National Hospital
state: District of Columbia
city: Hollywood
country: United States
facility: Memorial Health System
state: Florida
city: Iowa City
country: United States
facility: Univeristy of Iowa
state: Iowa
city: Louisville
country: United States
facility: University of Louisville
state: Kentucky
city: Madison
country: United States
facility: University of Wisconsin
state: Wisconsin
Study officials:
affiliation: Children's National Research Institute
name: Jeffrey Moak
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
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