Clinical trial NCT05817305: Integrating Exercise Into Lifestyle of Cardiac Outpatients
Official title: Efficacy of an Exercise-based Secondary Prevention Program in Patients With Stable Cardiovascular Disease
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Conditions: Cardiovascular Diseases
Physical Inactivity
Aging
Quality of Life
Physician-Patient Relations
Keywords: Cardiovascular disease
Physical activity
Epidemiology
Cardiorespiratory fitness
Lead sponsor: Università degli Studi di Ferrara
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2023-04-18
Enrollment: 5000
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: male and female outpatients with stable cardiovascular disease involved in an exercise-based secondary prevention program.

Brief summary: The purpose of the study is to investigate the long-term effects of a personalized physical activity program on exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with stable cardiovascular disease. The analysis also intends to evaluate the prognostic value of cardiovascular function estimated through a walking test (1km Treadmill Walking Test, 1k-TWT) in relation to survival, hospitalization, and medical costs. The program considers clinical, socio-economic, and behavioural aspects, psychological support, and risk factor control. Patients receive indications for carrying out a home training program based on the performance of moderate-intensity aerobic activity at least 3-4 days a week for at least 30-60 minutes a day. All patients are also encouraged to improve their daily habits by preferring a more active lifestyle both at home and at work.

Detailed description: BACKGROUND: Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are considered major markers of cardiovascular risk and core components of secondary prevention programs for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The benefits of regular physical activity are well-recognized both for men and women and are inversely associated with mortality risk and the incidence of many chronic diseases. Despite the efforts of many health organizations to increase awareness of this evidence, physical inactivity and low cardiorespiratory fitness remain overlooked risk factors. Directly measured peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) determined during maximal incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is the gold standard objective measure of cardiorespiratory fitness. However, because of physical, financial, and time limitations, a direct determination is often not routinely assessed in clinical settings. Submaximal exercise testing can be a viable alternative to CPX. These tests are more practical for examining older adults or a large patient cohort. Also, they are helpful in defining functional limitations, setting up appropriate physical activity programs, and assessing the outcomes of pharmacological treatments.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: The benefits of regular physical activity are well-recognized both for men and women and are inversely associated with mortality risk and the incidence of many chronic diseases. The purpose of this observational registry is to evaluate the efficacy of an exercise-based secondary prevention program among male and female outpatients with stable cardiovascular disease.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONAL EVALUATION: During each session, information about weight, height, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, cardiometabolic risk factors, and drug therapy in progress are registered. Physical activity habits are assessed using the Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall questionnaire. In addition, patients complete a sub-maximal test of 1km treadmill walking (1k-TWT), which is performed at a moderate intensity and adjusted according to the patient's perception of fatigue. Patients unable to complete the test at a walking speed ≥ 3.0 km/h can perform the test over 500m or 200m. Based on the results of the test, patients receive indications for the proper execution of a home training program, (i.e., at the same effort perceived in the test). The activity should be done at least 3-4 times per week, preferably every day, for at least 30-60 minutes. All patients are also encouraged to improve their daily habits by opting for a more active lifestyle at home and at work. Written informed consent is required from all participants at the time of enrollment.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* the presence of one or more previous cardiovascular events

Exclusion Criteria:

* Ejection fraction \< 30%
* Chronic heart failure NYHA III-IV
* Severe aortic or mitral valvulopathy
* Severe physical or cognitive impairment
* Exercise-induced complex arrhythmias

Primary outcomes:
measure: Mortality
timeFrame: From date of enrollment until the date of end of follow-up or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed up to 12 years
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Hospitalization
timeFrame: From date of enrollment until the first hospitalization (any hospital admission is considered an event), assessed up to 12 years
measure: Peak Oxygen Uptake (VO2peak)
timeFrame: From date of enrollment until the date of end of follow-up or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed up to 12 years
measure: Leisure time physical activity levels
timeFrame: From date of enrollment until the date of end of follow-up or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed up to 12 years
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Ferrara
country: Italy
facility: Center for Exercise Science and Sport
Study officials:
affiliation: Università degli Studi di Ferrara
name: Gianni Mazzoni, Professor
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
affiliation: Università degli Studi di Ferrara
name: Giovanni Grazzi, Professor
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Chiaranda G, Myers J, Mazzoni G, Terranova F, Bernardi E, Grossi G, Codeca L, Conconi F, Grazzi G. Peak oxygen uptake prediction from a moderate, perceptually regulated, 1-km treadmill walk in male cardiac patients. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2012 Sep-Oct;32(5):262-9. doi: 10.1097/HCR.0b013e3182663507.
citation: Chiaranda G, Bernardi E, Codeca L, Conconi F, Myers J, Terranova F, Volpato S, Mazzoni G, Grazzi G. Treadmill walking speed and survival prediction in men with cardiovascular disease: a 10-year follow-up study. BMJ Open. 2013 Oct 25;3(10):e003446. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003446.
citation: Grazzi G, Myers J, Bernardi E, Terranova F, Grossi G, Codeca L, Volpato S, Conconi F, Mazzoni G, Chiaranda G. Association between VO(2) peak estimated by a 1-km treadmill walk and mortality. A 10-year follow-up study in patients with cardiovascular disease. Int J Cardiol. 2014 May 1;173(2):248-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.02.039. Epub 2014 Feb 28.
citation: Grazzi G, Mazzoni G, Myers J, Codeca L, Pasanisi G, Napoli N, Guerzoni F, Volpato S, Conconi F, Chiaranda G. Improved walking speed is associated with lower hospitalisation rates in patients in an exercise-based secondary prevention programme. Heart. 2016 Dec 1;102(23):1902-1908. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-309126. Epub 2016 Jul 7.
citation: Uliari S, Myers J, Bernardi E, Chiaranda G, Conconi F, Terranova F, Mazzoni G, Grazzi G. Oxygen Uptake Attenuation at Ventilatory Threshold in Men With Coronary Artery Disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2016 Jul-Aug;36(4):258-62. doi: 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000160.
citation: Mandini S, Grazzi G, Mazzoni G, Myers J, Pasanisi G, Sassone B, Conconi F, Chiaranda G. A moderate 1-km treadmill walk predicts mortality in men with mid-range left ventricular dysfunction. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017 Oct;24(15):1670-1672. doi: 10.1177/2047487317722434. Epub 2017 Jul 21. No abstract available.
citation: Grazzi G, Chiaranda G, Myers J, Pasanisi G, Lordi R, Conconi F, Mazzoni G. Outdoor Reproducibility of a 1-km Treadmill Walking Test to Predict Peak Oxygen Uptake in Cardiac Patients. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2017 Sep;37(5):347-349. doi: 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000266.
citation: Mazzoni G, Sassone B, Pasanisi G, Myers J, Mandini S, Volpato S, Conconi F, Chiaranda G, Grazzi G. A moderate 500-m treadmill walk for estimating peak oxygen uptake in men with NYHA class I-II heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2018 Apr 16;18(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s12872-018-0801-9.
citation: Mazzoni G, Chiaranda G, Myers J, Sassone B, Pasanisi G, Mandini S, Volpato S, Conconi F, Grazzi G. 500-meter and 1000-meter moderate walks equally assess cardiorespiratory fitness in male outpatients with cardiovascular diseases. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2018 Sep;58(9):1312-1317. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07525-9. Epub 2017 Sep 29.
citation: Grazzi G, Mazzoni G, Myers J, Codeca L, Pasanisi G, Mandini S, Piepoli M, Volpato S, Conconi F, Chiaranda G. Determining the best percent-predicted equation for estimated VO2 peak by a 1-km moderate perceptually-regulated treadmill walk to predict mortality in outpatients with cardiovascular disease. J Sci Med Sport. 2018 Mar;21(3):307-311. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.06.003. Epub 2017 Jun 8.
citation: Grazzi G, Mazzoni G, Myers J, Caruso L, Sassone B, Pasanisi G, Guerzoni F, Napoli N, Pizzolato M, Zerbini V, Franchi M, Masotti S, Mandini S, Raisi A, Chiaranda G. Impact of Improvement in Walking Speed on Hospitalization and Mortality in Females with Cardiovascular Disease. J Clin Med. 2020 Jun 5;9(6):1755. doi: 10.3390/jcm9061755.
citation: Mazzoni G, Myers J, Sassone B, Pasanisi G, Mandini S, Raisi A, Pizzolato M, Franchi M, Caruso L, Missiroli L, Chiaranda G, Grazzi G. A moderate 200-m walk test estimates peak oxygen uptake in elderly outpatients with cardiovascular disease. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2020 May;60(5):786-793. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.20.10387-6.
citation: Bonnini S, Mazzoni G, Borghesi M, Chiaranda G, Myers J, Mandini S, Raisi A, Masotti S, Grazzi G. Improving walking speed reduces hospitalization costs in outpatients with cardiovascular disease. An analysis based on a multistrata non-parametric test. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020 Nov 17;20(1):1048. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-05874-3.
citation: Chiaranda G, Myers J, Arena R, Kaminsky L, Sassone B, Pasanisi G, Mandini S, Mazzoni G, Grazzi G. Prognostic comparison of the FRIEND and Wasserman/Hansen peak VO2 equations applied to a submaximal walking test in outpatients with cardiovascular disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2021 Apr 23;28(3):287-292. doi: 10.1177/2047487319871728. Epub 2019 Aug 26.
citation: Zerbini V, Raisi A, Myers J, Piva T, Lordi R, Chiaranda G, Mazzoni G, Grazzi G, Mandini S. Peak Oxygen Uptake Estimation From A Moderate 1-KM Treadmill Walk in Women With Cardiovascular Disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2021 Nov 1;41(6):432-434. doi: 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000641. No abstract available.
citation: Raisi A, Zerbini V, Myers J, Masotti S, Piva T, Lordi R, Chiaranda G, Grazzi G, Mazzoni G, Mandini S. Moderate walking speed and survival association across 23-years follow-up in female patients with cardiovascular disease. Int J Cardiol. 2023 Jan 15;371:371-376. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.09.014. Epub 2022 Sep 9.
citation: Raisi A, Piva T, Myers J, Lordi R, Zerbini V, Masotti S, Chiaranda G, Grazzi G, Mazzoni G, Mandini S. A Moderate Walking Test Predicts Survival in Women With Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Prev Med. 2023 Sep;65(3):497-504. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.02.025. Epub 2023 Mar 5.