Clinical trial NCT03442283: Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on Vitamins and Mineral Supplementation for CVD Prevention and Treatment
Official title: Supplemental Vitamins and Minerals for CVD Prevention and Treatment: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of the Data (Meta-analyses and RCTs) Published Since 2012
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Conditions: Cardiovascular Diseases
Keywords: Supplements, Cardiovascular Diseases, All-cause mortality, Meta-Analysis
Lead sponsor: University of Toronto
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2018-02-22
Enrollment: 1
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Observational model: OTHER
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Adults free of serious chronic disease infections.

Brief summary: The use of vitamin and mineral supplementation has historically been to treat and prevent micronutrient deficiencies. In recent years, however, and with their widespread use, the interest has shifted toward a possible role in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. The investigators will review and perform meta-analyses of vitamin and mineral supplementation trials in relation to cardiovascular disease. Publications from 2012, both before and including the US Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF) 2014 review, will be included in the review.

Detailed description: Search strategy:

A literature search of the Cochrane Library, Medline and PubMed will be conducted with the following search terms: "dietary supplements or supplement\*" AND "cardiovascular disease or myocardial infarction or stroke or cardiovascular death or mortality or all-cause mortality or death." Specific searches will be conducted for individual supplements and included multivitamins, antioxidants, vitamin A, β-carotene, B1, B2, B3 (niacin), B6, B10 (folic acid), B-complex, C, D and E, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium and selenium. The search will be limited to meta-analyses and RCTs.

Analysis:

Full article review and data extraction will be conducted by two independent investigators, with all disparities reconciled through consensus. The extracted data will include number of cases and total participants/population for the intervention and control group.

Data will be analyzed using Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.3 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark) and publication bias will be conducted using STATA software, version 13.0 (College Station, TX, USA). Heterogeneity will be assessed using the Cochran Q statistic at p\<0.1 and quantified by the I² statistic. Publication bias will be investigated by visual inspection of funnel plots and quantitative assessment using Begg's and Egger's tests where p\<0.05 is considered evidence of small study effects. If \<10 trials are available in a meta-analysis, publication bias analysis will not be assessed due to insufficient power.

Risk of bias The Cochrane risk of bias tool which is based on randomization, allocation concealment, blinding, completeness of follow-up and intention-to-treat will be used to assess eligible RCTs.

Grading of the evidence The quality and strength of the evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Using the GRADE tool, evidence will be graded as high, moderate, low, or very low quality evidence using the following criteria: study limitations (as assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool), inconsistency (substantial) unexplained inter-study heterogeneity, I2\>50% and p\<0.1; indirectness (presence of factors that limit the generalizability of the results); imprecision (the 95% CI for effect estimates crosses a minimally important difference (MID) of 5% \[RR 0.95-1.05\]) from the line of unity; and publication bias (significant evidence of small-study effects).

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* English studies
* Supplements taken orally for at least 6 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* Studies in children
* Studies in women who are pregnant or breastfeeding
* Studies of adults who have serious chronic disease infections such as HIV
* Studies with combined interventions and no adequate control group (i.e. interventions other than the supplement must be provided to the control group as well)

Primary outcomes:
measure: Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
timeFrame: 1 year
measure: Coronary heart disease (CHD)
timeFrame: 1 year
measure: Myocardial infarction (MI)
timeFrame: 1 year
measure: Stroke
timeFrame: 1 year
measure: CVD mortality
timeFrame: 1 year
measure: CHD mortality
timeFrame: 1 year
measure: MI mortality
timeFrame: 1 year
measure: stroke mortality
timeFrame: 1 year
measure: All-cause mortality
timeFrame: 1 year
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
References: