Clinical trial NCT03033953: Effects of Native Whey or Milk Supplementation on Adaptations to 12 Weeks of Strength Training in Young and Elderly
Official title: Effects of Native Whey and Milk Supplementation on Changes in Muscle Mass and Strength After 12 Weeks of Strength Training in Young and Elderly
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Healthy
Young
Elderly
Lead sponsor: Norwegian School of Sport Sciences
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Tine
name: The Research Council of Norway
First posted: 2017-01-27
Enrollment: 66
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 20
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE

Brief summary: The aim of this study is to investigate the long term adaptations to 11 (elderly) or 12 (young) weeks of strength training when supplemented with native whey or milk. The investigators hypothesize that native whey will give greater increases in muscle hypertrophy and strength than milk.

Detailed description: Increasing or maintaining muscle mass is of great importance for populations ranging from athletes to patients and elderly. Resistance exercise and protein ingestion are two of the most potent stimulators of muscle protein synthesis. Both the physical characteristic of proteins (e.g. different digestion rates of whey and casein) and the amino acid composition, affects the potential of a certain protein to stimulate muscle protein synthesis. Given its superior ability to rapidly increase blood leucine concentrations to high levels, whey is often considered the most potent protein source to stimulate muscle protein synthesis. Native whey protein is produced by filtration of unprocessed milk. Consequently, native whey has different characteristics than milk. Of special interest is the higher amounts of the highly anabolic amino acid leucine in native whey.

The higher levels of leucine can be of great interest for elderly individuals as some studies in elderly has shown an anabolic resistance to the effects of protein feeding and strength training. By increasing levels of leucine one might overcome this anabolic resistance in the elderly.

The aim of this double-blinded, randomized, partial cross-over study is to compare the changes in muscle hypertrophy and strength after a 11 (elderly) or 12 (young) week training intervention with daily supplementation of either 2x20g of native whey or milk proteins in young and elderly individuals. In order to explain potential differences between supplements an acute study investigating acute responses in blood amino acid concentrations and intracellular signalling is planned, in a subgroup of participants, before and after the training intervention.

The investigators hypothesize that native whey will induce greater muscle hypertrophy and strength gains than milk.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy in the sense that they can conduct training and testing
* Able to understand Norwegian language written and oral
* Between 20 and 45, or above 70 years of age

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diseases or injuries contraindicating participation
* Use of dietary supplements (e.g. proteins, vitamins and creatine)
* Lactose intolerance
* Allergy to milk
* Allergy towards local anesthetics (xylocain)

Primary outcomes:
measure: Lean mass
timeFrame: Before the training intervention
measure: Lean mass
timeFrame: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Thigh muscle cross sectional area
timeFrame: Before the training intervention
measure: Thigh muscle cross sectional area
timeFrame: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Pectoralis muscle cross sectional area
timeFrame: Before the training intervention
measure: Pectoralis muscle cross sectional area
timeFrame: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Arm cross sectional area
timeFrame: Before the training intervention
measure: Arm cross sectional area
timeFrame: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Thickness of the lateral vasti
timeFrame: Before the training intervention
measure: Thickness of the lateral vasti
timeFrame: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: 1 repetition maximum in leg press
timeFrame: Before the training intervention
measure: 1 repetition maximum in leg press
timeFrame: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: 1 repetition maximum in bench press
timeFrame: Before the training intervention
measure: 1 repetition maximum in bench press
timeFrame: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Ratio of phosphorylated to total ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1(P70S6K) change from baseline
timeFrame: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
measure: Ratio of phosphorylated to total ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1(P70S6K) change from baseline
timeFrame: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) change from baseline
timeFrame: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
measure: Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) change from baseline
timeFrame: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP-1) change from baseline
timeFrame: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
measure: Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP-1) change from baseline
timeFrame: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Plasma amino acid concentration
timeFrame: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
measure: Plasma amino acid concentration
timeFrame: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Muscle force generating capacity change from baseline
timeFrame: 15 min before, 10 min, 2.5 hours and 24 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
measure: Muscle force generating capacity change from baseline
timeFrame: 15 min before, 10 min, 2.5 hours and 24 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Serum glucose
timeFrame: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
measure: Serum glucose
timeFrame: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Serum insulin
timeFrame: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
measure: Serum insulin
timeFrame: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Serum urea
timeFrame: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
measure: Serum urea
timeFrame: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Serum creatine kinase
timeFrame: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
measure: Serum creatine kinase
timeFrame: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Tumor necrosis factor alfa messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Tumor necrosis factor alfa mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Tumor necrosis factor alfa mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Tumor necrosis factor alfa mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Interleukin 6 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Interleukin 6 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Interleukin 6 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Interleukin 6 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Interleukin 8 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Interleukin 8 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Interleukin 8 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Interleukin 8 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Interleukin 1b mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Interleukin 1b mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Interleukin 1b mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Interleukin 1b mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Interleukin 4 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Interleukin 4 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Interleukin 4 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Interleukin 4 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Interleukin 10 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Interleukin 10 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Interleukin 10 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Interleukin 10 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Interleukin 17D mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Interleukin 17D mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Interleukin 17D mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Interleukin 17D mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma, Coactivator 1 Alpha mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma, Coactivator 1 Alpha mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma, Coactivator 1 Alpha mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma, Coactivator 1 Alpha mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 16 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 16 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 16 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 16 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 3 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 3 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 3 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 3 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Uncoupling Protein 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Uncoupling Protein 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Uncoupling Protein 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Uncoupling Protein 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen CD36 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen CD36 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen CD36 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen CD36 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Toll Like Receptor 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Toll Like Receptor 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Toll Like Receptor 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Toll Like Receptor 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 3 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 3 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 3 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 3 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 5 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 5 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 5 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 5 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Solute Carrier Family 36 Member 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Solute Carrier Family 36 Member 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Solute Carrier Family 36 Member 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Solute Carrier Family 36 Member 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Muscle-Specific RING Finger Protein 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Muscle-Specific RING Finger Protein 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Muscle-Specific RING Finger Protein 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Muscle-Specific RING Finger Protein 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Atrogin-1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Atrogin-1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Atrogin-1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Atrogin-1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Forkhead Box Protein O1A mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Forkhead Box Protein O1A mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Forkhead Box Protein O1A mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Forkhead Box Protein O1A mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Forkhead Box O3 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Forkhead Box O3 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Forkhead Box O3 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Forkhead Box O3 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Myosin Heavy Chain 7 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Myosin Heavy Chain 7 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Myosin Heavy Chain 7 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Myosin Heavy Chain 7 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Myosin Heavy Chain 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Myosin Heavy Chain 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Myosin Heavy Chain 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Myosin Heavy Chain 2 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Myosin Heavy Chain 1mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Mast Cell Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Mast Cell Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Mast Cell Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Mast Cell Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Hepatocyte Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Hepatocyte Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Hepatocyte Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Hepatocyte Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Myostatin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Myostatin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Myostatin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Myostatin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Striated Muscle Activator Of Rho-Dependent Signaling mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Striated Muscle Activator Of Rho-Dependent Signaling mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Striated Muscle Activator Of Rho-Dependent Signaling mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Striated Muscle Activator Of Rho-Dependent Signaling mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: JunB Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: JunB Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: JunB Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: JunB Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Actin, Alpha 1, Skeletal Muscle mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Actin, Alpha 1, Skeletal Muscle mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Actin, Alpha 1, Skeletal Muscle mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Actin, Alpha 1, Skeletal Muscle mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Colony Stimulating Factor 3 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Colony Stimulating Factor 3 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Colony Stimulating Factor 3 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Colony Stimulating Factor 3 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: TATA-Box Binding Protein mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: TATA-Box Binding Protein mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: TATA-Box Binding Protein mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: TATA-Box Binding Protein mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Filamin B mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Filamin B mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Filamin B mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Filamin B mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Beta-2-Microglobulin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Beta-2-Microglobulin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
measure: Beta-2-Microglobulin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Beta-2-Microglobulin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
timeFrame: 30 min after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Fasting cholesterol (only in elderly)
timeFrame: Before training intervention
measure: Fasting cholesterol (only in elderly)
timeFrame: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Fasting triglycerides (only in elderly)
timeFrame: Before training intervention
measure: Fasting triglycerides (only in elderly)
timeFrame: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Fasting LDL (only in elderly)
timeFrame: Before training intervention
measure: Fasting LDL (only in elderly)
timeFrame: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
measure: Fasting HDL (only in elderly)
timeFrame: Before training intervention
measure: Fasting HDL (only in elderly)
timeFrame: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Oslo
country: Norway
facility: Norwegian School of Sport Sciences
Study officials:
References: