Clinical trial NCT06415097: Benefits of Smart Pens in Type 1 Diabetes
Official title: Benefits of Smart Pens in People With Type 1 Diabetes: a Real-word Retrospective Study.
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Conditions: Type 1 Diabetes
Lead sponsor: Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital Clínico de Valencia
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2024-05-16
Enrollment: 100
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective: RETROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Population aged 18 years and older registered in the Population Information System of the Valencian Community (SIP), with an assigned doctor and belonging to the Valencia Clínico - Malvarrosa health department (approximately 320,000 citizens).

Brief summary: This study aims to address persistent challenges in achieving recommended control goals for patients with type 1 diabetes through innovative interventions. Specifically, the research focuses on assessing the effectiveness of smart insulin pens combined with glucose monitoring devices as a promising treatment option for individuals on multiple daily insulin injections. The study will analyze electronic health records from adults (≥ 18 years) attending the Diabetes Unit of the University Clinical Hospital of Valencia. Participants who are or have used smart insulin pens will be compared with a control group matched for age, sex, duration of diabetes, and HbA1c value at baseline (1:1). Data will be collected on participant characteristics, smart pen usage, glycemic control parameters, and daily insulin doses. The study also aims to identify adverse events associated with the use of smart pens. Ethical considerations include ensuring the anonymity of participant data, and the study is designed to comply with European (EU) data protection regulations. The retrospective nature ensures no interference with physicians' prescription habits.

Detailed description: Rationale:

Despite ongoing advancements in type 1 diabetes management, a significant number of patients continue to struggle in attaining recommended control goals, posing an elevated risk of complications and a diminished quality of life. Hence, there is a need for innovative interventions that genuinely improve diabetes management and associated clinical outcomes. Smart insulin pens, coupled with glucose monitoring devices, emerge as a promising treatment option for individuals on multiple daily insulin injections who may not be suitable candidates for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy. These easy-to-use devices offer significant advantages, such as automated tracking of administered insulin doses along with information other relevant diabetes-related data, facilitating treatment optimization, and helping overcome barriers to achieve better glucose control where both patients and healthcare professionals can implement treatment plans with agility, adopting a more proactive and personalized approach to diabetes care.

While certain recent studies have shown positive outcomes in glycemic control and quality of life linked to the utilization of these devices, there is still a gap in understanding their impact under real-life conditions. Hence, conducting clinical studies within the framework of routine clinical practice becomes imperative to thoroughly assess their application and effects on individuals with type 1 diabetes undergoing multiple daily insulin injections.

The purpose of this study is to provide real-world evidence on the effectiveness of smart pens in enhancing glycemic control and identify specific patient subgroups for targeted interventions.

Hypothesis:

Our hypothesis suggests that the use of smart pens in patients with type 1 diabetes receiving multiple daily insulin doses and utilizing glucose monitoring devices is associated with improved glycemic control. It is expected that the use of these devices is linked to a significant increase in time in range, a reduction in time below the target range, and a decrease in glucose variability during the usage period, compared to a control group.

Primary objectives:

* To describe the clinical characteristics of individuals with type 1 diabetes using smart pens for multiple daily insulin doses in the Valencia Clínico-Malvarrosa Health Department, comparing it with a control group.
* To evaluate changes in glycemic control parameters (HbA1c and continuous glucose monitoring parameters) as well as the incidence of adverse events with the use of smart pens in patients with type 1 diabetes, comparing it with a control group in real-life conditions.

Sample size:

The sample will include all adults (≥ 18 years) with type 1 diabetes who attend or have attended the Diabetes Unit of the University Clinical Hospital of Valencia, using or having used smart insulin pens, along with a control group matched for age, sex, diabetes duration, and HbA1c value at the study's outset (1:1).

Data and study procedure:

Data for this study will be sourced from the electronic health records of adults (≥ 18 years) with type 1 diabetes who attend or have attended the Diabetes Unit of the University Clinical Hospital of Valencia.

The medical records of all participants using or having used smart insulin pens and glucose monitoring devices, as well as a control group (1:1), will be reviewed. Retrospective data will be collected on participant characteristics, the type of smart insulin pen used, and individual changes in glycemic control (HbA1c and glucose monitoring device parameters), as well as daily insulin doses, starting from the date of smart pen prescription. Additionally, all adverse events occurring during the use of smart pens will be documented, specifying their type and frequency for each individual. All data will be compiled in an anonymous Microsoft Excel database, which will be deleted upon completion of the study. Anonymization will be performed by an individual external to the clinical research team.

Ethical aspects:

The study database will not contain any information allowing the individual identification of study participants. The data will be used exclusively for the purposes described in this project. The information will be considered confidential and will be stored and processed in accordance with EU Regulation 2016/679 of the European Parliament and the Council of April 27, 2016, regarding personal data and the free movement of this data, as per Organic Law 3/2018 of December.

Although there are objectives related to medication use, being a retrospective study makes it impossible to alter the prescription habits of any physician in the unit under study.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Individuals aged 18 or above
* Individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
* Individuals receiving multiple daily doses of insulin
* Individuals using a glucose monitoring device
* Individuals who use or have used smart insulin pens since their introduction to the market

Exclusion Criteria:

* Individuals with other types of diabetes
* Individuals utilizing continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion devices
* Individuals using automatic insulin delivery systems

Primary outcomes:
measure: Type of smart pen prescribed
timeFrame: up to 24 months
measure: Type of basal insulin prescribed
timeFrame: 3 months before the initiation of the first prescription and up to 24 months (throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Daily dose of basal insulin
timeFrame: 3 months before the initiation of the first prescription and up to 24 months (throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Number of basal insulin injections
timeFrame: 3 months before the initiation of the first prescription and up to 24 months (throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Omission of basal insulin
timeFrame: 3 months before the initiation of the first prescription and up to 24 months (throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Type of prandial insulin prescribed
timeFrame: 3 months before the initiation of the first prescription and up to 24 months (throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Daily dose of prandial insulin
timeFrame: 3 months before the initiation of the first prescription and up to 24 months (throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Number of prandial insulin injections
timeFrame: 3 months before the initiation of the first prescription and up to 24 months (throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Omission of prandial insulin
timeFrame: 3 months before the initiation of the first prescription and up to 24 months (throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Total daily insulin dose
timeFrame: 3 months before the initiation of the first prescription and up to 24 months (throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Number of total insulin injections
timeFrame: 3 months before the initiation of the first prescription and up to 24 months (throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Self-monitoring of capillary glucose
timeFrame: 3 months before the initiation of the first prescription and up to 24 months (throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Glucose monitoring device
timeFrame: 3 months before the initiation of the first prescription and up to 24 months (throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Time using the glucose monitoring device
timeFrame: 3 months before the initiation of the first prescription and up to 24 months (throughout the study follow-up)
measure: HbA1c concentration
timeFrame: 3 months before the initiation of the first prescription and up to 24 months (throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Time in Range (%TIR)
timeFrame: 3 months before the initiation of the first prescription and up to 24 months (throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Time Below Range (%TbR)
timeFrame: 3 months before the initiation of the first prescription and up to 24 months (throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Time Above Range (%TaR)
timeFrame: 3 months before the initiation of the first prescription and up to 24 months (throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Mean glucose (mg/dL)
timeFrame: 3 months before the initiation of the first prescription and up to 24 months (throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Coefficient of variation of continuous glucose sensor values (CV)
timeFrame: 3 months before the initiation of the first prescription and up to 24 months (throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Type of adverse event from the initiation of the prescription of smart insulin pens.
timeFrame: up to 24 months (from the time of the first prescription and throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Months post smart pen prescription when the adverse event occurred.
timeFrame: up to 24 months (from the time of the first prescription and throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Adherence to smart insulin pen usage based on the number of days with data uploads
timeFrame: up to 24 months (from the time of the first prescription and throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Smart pen persistence
timeFrame: up to 24 months (from the time of the first prescription and throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Exclusive use of smart pen
timeFrame: up to 24 months (from the time of the first prescription and throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Duration of diabetes
timeFrame: up to 12 months
measure: Diabetic ketoacidosis
timeFrame: up to 12 months
measure: Severe hypoglycemia
timeFrame: up to 12 months
measure: BMI
timeFrame: From three months before the initiation of the first prescription and up to 24 months (throughout the study follow-up)
measure: Age
timeFrame: up to 12 months
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Valencia
country: Spain
facility: INCLIVA
Study officials:
affiliation: HCUV-INCLIVA
name: F. Javier Ampudia-Blasco, MD, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: