louisbrulenaudet/clinical-trials huggingface dataset:
Clinical trial NCT04488445: Strength Training and Executive Functions: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Official title: Acute Effects of Strength Training Over Executive Functions in Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: NA
Conditions: Executive Function Disorder
Strength Training
Adolescent Behavior
Academic Achievement
Lead sponsor: Universidad de Zaragoza
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2020-07-28
Enrollment: 50
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 15
Maximum age (years): 17
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH

Brief summary: A group of 50 age-schooled adolescents was randomized into one intervention and another control group of 25 subjects each. After estimating one maximum repetition for all the participants in a previous session, the intervention group performed a resistance training based on a resistance exercise of 3 sets of 3 to 5 repetitions (90% of an estimated 1 RM) whereas the control group performed both stretching and balance exercises. Measures of executive functions ( i.e. a cognitive function associated with academic performance) were taken for all the participants before and after the training. Both independent and paired t-test will serve to check differences between and within groups respectively.

Detailed description: A group of 50 age-schooled adolescents was randomized into one intervention and another control group of 25 subjects each. After estimating one maximum repetition for all the participants in a previous session, the intervention group performed a resistance training based on a resistance exercise of 3 sets of 3 to 5 repetitions (90% of an estimated 1 RM) whereas the control group performed both stretching and balance exercises. Measures of executive functions ( i.e. a cognitive function associated with academic performance) were taken for all the participants before and after the training. Both independent and paired t-test will serve to check differences between and within groups respectively. The selected resistance exercise is based on a global muscle involvement.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy age-schooled adolescent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Not healthy, injured age-schooled adolescent

Primary outcomes:
measure: Time to successfully complete the executive function test
timeFrame: up to 24 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Zaragoza
country: Spain
facility: University of Zaragoza
state: Aragón
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Valencia
name: Joaquín Calatayud, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT04569305: Effect of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Soft Tissue Injuries of Foot and Ankle in Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Official title: Principal Investigator
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Soft Tissue Injuries
Lead sponsor: Dow University of Health Sciences
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2020-09-29
Enrollment: 70
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 65
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Effect of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Soft Tissue Iinjuries of Foot and Ankle in Patients at a Tertiary care Hospital.

To evaluate the effect of negative pressure wound therapy for soft tissue injuries of foot and ankle.This will be assessed through measuring the wound surface area covered with healthy granulation tissue measured in centimetre square on follow-up.

Detailed description: All patients aged 18 years or above with foot and ankle trauma resulting in soft tissue injury with or without bones and tendon exposed were included in the study. 35 patients were randomized into Negative Pressure Wound Therapy group and 35 in conventional treatment group.In NPWT group ,NPWT was applied to injured area of foot and ankle after debridement and cleaning of the necrosed/dead tissue. The effect of technique was assessed through measuring wound surface area covered with healthy granulation tissue measured in centimetre square on follow-up at 10 days ,20 days and 27 days respectively.

In Conventional treatment group patients were kept on simple moist gauze dressings and the wound was assessed through measuring wound surface area covered with healthy granulation tissue measured in centimeter square on followup at 10 days , 20 days and 27 days respectively.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. All patients aged 18 years or above with foot and ankle trauma resulting in soft tissue injury with bones and tendon exposed
2. Patients consenting to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
2. Patients with multiple fractures

Primary outcomes:
measure: size of wound covered with healthy granulation tissue
timeFrame: 27 days
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Karachi
country: Pakistan
facility: Roqayyah Munawwer Khursheed
state: Sindh
Study officials:
affiliation: Dow University of Health Sciences
name: Roqayyah M Khursheed, MBBS
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Lee HJ, Kim JW, Oh CW, Min WK, Shon OJ, Oh JK, Park BC, Ihn JC. Negative pressure wound therapy for soft tissue injuries around the foot and ankle. J Orthop Surg Res. 2009 May 9;4:14. doi: 10.1186/1749-799X-4-14.
Clinical trial NCT05575505: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors, Pentoxifylline, as Adjunctive Therapy in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis.
Official title: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors, Pentoxifylline, as Adjunctive Therapy in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis.
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Lead sponsor: Tanta University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2022-10-12
Enrollment: 44
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 75
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disease characterized by diffused inflammation of the colon and rectum mucosa; however, the exact underlying mechanisms of UC remain poorly understood. Also, it is associated with high risk of colon cancer, so there is a continuous need for introducing new therapies that decrease progression, and hence better outcomes


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 18 years
* Both males and females will be included
* Negative pregnancy test and effective contraception.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Breastfeeding
* Significant liver and kidney function abnormalities
* Colorectal cancer patients
* Patients with severe UC
* Patients taking rectal or systemic steroids
* Patients taking immunosuppressives or biological therapies
* Addiction to alcohol and / or drugs

Primary outcomes:
measure: changes in Mayo Score Index.
timeFrame: 6 months
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Mansoura
country: Egypt
facility: Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University
Study officials:
References:
Clinical trial NCT00686205: Evaluation of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Blood Screening Assay
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: Healthy Donors
HIV Positive
Keywords: healthy donors
HIV positives
Lead sponsor: Abbott Diagnostics Division
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2008-05-29
Enrollment: 24111
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 17
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: SCREENING

Brief summary: To test blood samples from volunteer donors of whole blood and blood components using a new investigational test that detects human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Results will be compared to the current HIV screening assay.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy donors that have consented to study

Primary outcomes:
measure: PRISM HIV O Plus Test Data for Specificity
timeFrame: 12 months
measure: PRISM HIV O Plus Test Data for Sensitivity
timeFrame: 12 months
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Davenport
country: United States
facility: Mississippi Valley Regional Blood Center
state: Iowa
city: Kansas City
country: United States
facility: Community Blood Center of Greater Kansas City
state: Missouri
city: Dayton
country: United States
facility: Community Blood Center
state: Ohio
city: Philadelphia
country: United States
facility: American Red Cross
state: Pennsylvania
city: Memphis
country: United States
facility: Interstate Blood Bank, Inc.
state: Tennessee
city: San Antonio
country: United States
facility: South Texas Blood And Tissue Center
state: Texas
city: Renton
country: United States
facility: Puget Sound Blood Center
state: Washington
Study officials:
References:
Clinical trial NCT04045405: Clinical Study to Assess Safety, PK and PD Parameters of CDR132L
Official title: Phase I, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Assess Safety, PK and PD Parameters of CDR132L in Patients With Stable Heart Failure of Ischemic Origin (NYHA 1- 3)
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE1
Conditions: Heart Failure
Lead sponsor: Cardior Pharmaceuticals GmbH
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2019-08-05
Enrollment: 28
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 80
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: This is a Phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic parameters of CDR132L in patients with stable heart failure of ischemic origin (NYHA 1-3).

Detailed description: Objectives:

Primary

• To assess the safety of one single and one repeated dose of CDR132L in patients with stable heart failure of ischemic origin (NYHA 1-3).

Secondary • To characterize the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of CDR132L in patients with stable heart failure of ischemic origin.

Exploratory

• To determine the effect of CDR132L on pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Stable heart failure of ischemic origin

Exclusion Criteria:

* Heart failure of non-ischemic origin (hypertensive heart disease, myocarditis, alcoholic cardiomyopathy and cardiac dysfunction due to rapid atrial fibrillation),

Primary outcomes:
measure: Incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events [safety and tolerability]
timeFrame: 4 months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax)
timeFrame: 4 months
measure: Time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax)
timeFrame: 4 months
measure: Area under the curve (AUC0-t)
timeFrame: 4 months
measure: Area under the curve (AUC0-inf)
timeFrame: 4 months
measure: Blood clearance (CL)
timeFrame: 4 months
measure: Half life (t1/2)
timeFrame: 4 months
measure: Volume of distribution (Vdss)
timeFrame: 4 months
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: London
country: United Kingdom
facility: Richmond Pharmacology Ltd., 1A Newcomen Street, London Bridge
Study officials:
affiliation: Cardior Pharmaceuticals GmbH CMO
name: Wilfried Hauke, MD MFPM
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
affiliation: Richmond Pharmacology Ltd CEO
name: Jorg Taubel, MD FFPM
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Taubel J, Hauke W, Rump S, Viereck J, Batkai S, Poetzsch J, Rode L, Weigt H, Genschel C, Lorch U, Theek C, Levin AA, Bauersachs J, Solomon SD, Thum T. Novel antisense therapy targeting microRNA-132 in patients with heart failure: results of a first-in-human Phase 1b randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur Heart J. 2021 Jan 7;42(2):178-188. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa898.
citation: Huang CK, Kafert-Kasting S, Thum T. Preclinical and Clinical Development of Noncoding RNA Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Disease. Circ Res. 2020 Feb 28;126(5):663-678. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.315856. Epub 2020 Feb 27.
Clinical trial NCT03303105: Long-term Safety and Tolerability of Subcutaneous Administration of TEV-48125 for the Preventive Treatment of Migraine
Official title: A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label Trial Evaluating the Long-term Safety and Tolerability of Subcutaneous Administration of TEV-48125 for the Preventive Treatment of Migraine
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: Migraine
Lead sponsor: Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2017-10-05
Enrollment: 50
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 70
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: To evaluate the long-term safety and tolerability of subcutaneous (SC) administration of TEV-48125 (at 225 mg once monthly \[except for a loading dose of 675 mg for CM patients\] or at 675 mg every 3 months) for the preventive treatment of Chronic Migraine and Episodic Migraine patients


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patient has a history of migraine (according to The International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition \[beta version\] criteria) or clinical judgment suggests a migraine diagnosis
* Patient fulfills the criteria for Chronic migraine or Episodic migraine in baseline information collected during the 28 day screening period
* Not using preventive migraine medications for migraine or other medical conditions or using no more than 2 preventive migraine medication for migraine or other medical conditions if the dose and regimen have been stable for at least 2 months prior to giving informed consent.
* Patient demonstrates compliance with the electronic headache diary during the screening period by entry of headache data on a minimum of 24 of 28 days and the entered data is judged appropriate by the investigator.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Hematological, cardiac, renal, endocrine, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, neurologic, hepatic, or ocular disease considered clinically significant in the judgment of the investigator

Primary outcomes:
measure: Percentage of Subjects With at Least One Treatment-Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE)
timeFrame: Baseline (Day 0) up to follow-up visit (Day 562)
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Mean Change From Baseline in the Monthly (28 Day) Average Number of Migraine Days
timeFrame: Baseline, Month 12
measure: Mean Change From Baseline in the Monthly (28 Day) Average Number of Headache Days of at Least Moderate Severity
timeFrame: Baseline, Month 12
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Iruma
country: Japan
facility: Saitama Medical University Hospital
Study officials:
affiliation: Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
name: Takehisa Matsumaru
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
citation: Sakai F, Suzuki N, Ning X, Ishida M, Usuki C, Iba K, Isogai Y, Koga N. Long-Term Safety and Tolerability of Fremanezumab for Migraine Preventive Treatment in Japanese Outpatients: A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Study. Drug Saf. 2021 Dec;44(12):1355-1364. doi: 10.1007/s40264-021-01119-2. Epub 2021 Oct 23.
Clinical trial NCT01106105: Impact of Obesity on Postural Control
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Balance
Postural Control
Mechanical Factor
Lead sponsor: Université Joseph Fourier
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2010-04-19
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Observational model: CASE_CROSSOVER
Time perspective: CROSS_SECTIONAL
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Ten healthy non-obese adults (control group, age = 42.4 ± 15.1, BMI = 22.4 ± 1.3, five women and five men) and ten obese adults (obese group, age = 46.2 ± 19.6, BMI = 35.2 ± 2.8, five women and five men, F(1,18)=0.3, p\>0.05, and F(1,18)=176.3, p\<.001, for control vs. obese age and BMI, respectively) voluntarily took part in this investigation.

Brief summary: The goal of the present study was to objectively evaluate the postural behaviour of type II obese patients as compared to adults showing a normal body mass index (BMI) in critical postural tasks.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion:

* BMI \> 35 or BMI \< 25

Exclusion:

* Muscular, neurological or cardiovascular deficits
* Competitive physical activities

Primary outcomes:
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
References:
Clinical trial NCT03307005: Improving Sleep Quality in Heart Failure
Official title: Improving Sleep Quality in Heart Failure
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE4
Conditions: Sleep Disturbance
Heart Failure
Lead sponsor: Johns Hopkins University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2017-10-11
Enrollment: 5
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 21
Maximum age (years): 79
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Intervention model description: Single-site, randomized, parallel, placebo controlled, double blind study
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Poor sleep quality is common in patients with heart failure. The limited available evidence intimates that improving sleep quality in patients with heart failure may improve morbidity and quality of life in this patient population. However, there is a paucity of evidence assessing the use of effective pharmacologic therapies in heart failure. The nonbenzodiazepine, GABA receptor agonist, zolpidem, has been found to have considerable benefits over traditional benzodiazepines as a soporific medication. The investigators hypothesize that zolpidem will safely improve sleep quality in patients with heart failure.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 21-79 years old
* HFrEF, EF ≤ 45% (by echocardiography)
* NYHA functional class I to III
* Able to give written consent
* On goal-directed medical therapy for HF, with stable dosing of HF medications for 2 weeks prior to enrollment
* No hospitalizations for HF within the past month
* Positive response to experiencing any of the following sleep-related symptoms at least once a week:
* Difficulty falling asleep
* Waking up during the night and having difficulty getting back to sleep
* Waking up too early in the morning and being unable to get back to sleep.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Use of sedative-hypnotics, anxiolytic, or benzodiazepines within the previous 2 weeks
* Current treatment with other sedating medications such as opioids
* On therapy for pharmacological therapy for depression
* History of alcohol/drug dependence
* History of liver disease, HIV, or severe COPD
* On Thorazine
* Current use of ketoconazole
* Current use of tricyclic antidepressants
* Current use of macrolide antibiotics
* Current use of anticonvulsant medications
* Pregnancy. A urine pregnancy test will be performed to exclude pregnancy in potential subjects.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Sleep Latency
timeFrame: 1 week
measure: Total Sleep Time
timeFrame: 1 week
measure: Sleep Efficiency
timeFrame: 1 week
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
measure: Insomnia Severity Index
timeFrame: 1 week
measure: Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire
timeFrame: 1 week
measure: Epworth Sleepiness Scale
timeFrame: 1 week
measure: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
timeFrame: 1 week
Locations:
city: Baltimore
country: United States
facility: Johns Hopkins Bayview Campus, Asthma and Allergy Center
state: Maryland
Study officials:
affiliation: Johns Hopkins University
name: Rashmi Aurora, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT01598805: Increased Rate of Prophylaxis Against Venous Thromboembolism Due to eAlerts
Official title: Increased Rate of Prophylaxis Against Venous Thromboembolism Due to eAlerts
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Venous Thromboembolism
Keywords: venous thromboembolism/prevention & control
Lead sponsor: University of Zurich
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2012-05-15
Enrollment: 10000
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 16
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH

Brief summary: Now, after a cluster randomized controlled trial, eAlerts providing evidence-based guidelines on venous thromboembolism prophylaxis will be rolled out and evaluated hospital-widely.

Detailed description: An eAlert is displayed in the electronic patient chart if no prophylaxis has been ordered within 6 h after admission or transfer. The eAlerts provide evidence-based guidelines on venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. Now, after a cluster randomized controlled trial, the eAlerts will be rolled out and evaluated hospital-widely.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria:

* all in-patients hospitalized in a ward with computerized physician order entry (CPOE),
* staying at least 24 h in a ward

Exclusion criteria:

* outpatients,
* ward without CPOE,
* patients transferred from an intervention to a control ward and vice versa

Primary outcomes:
measure: Rate of prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism
timeFrame: 3 months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: ordering time after admission or transfer of a patient
timeFrame: 3 months
measure: acceptance of the eAlerts
timeFrame: 3 months
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Zurich
country: Switzerland
facility: University Hospital Zurich, Center for Clinical Research
Study officials:
affiliation: University Hospital Zurich, Center for Clinical Research, Research Center for Medical Informatics
name: Juerg Blaser, Prof. PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT05592405: Nociplastic Pain Symptoms and Sensory Profiles in Low Back Pain
Official title: Nociplastic Pain Measurement and Sensory Profiles in Patients with Acute and Chronic Low Back Pain: a Longitudinal Observational Cohort Study
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Conditions: Central Sensitisation
Low Back Pain
Lead sponsor: Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2022-10-24
Enrollment: 103
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 65
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Evaluation of eligibility will take place during assessment when the participant reports in primary care physiotherapy practice for the treatment of LBP.

Patients will be included consecutively and measurements will be obtained by the investigator.

Brief summary: Assessing associations between Sensory profiles and nociplastic pain symptoms, and assessing the prognostic value of sensory profiles in the development of nociplastic pain symptoms in a low back pain population.

Detailed description: Therefore, the investigators aims are:

* The primary aim of the study is to assess associations between Sensory Profiles (Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profiles) and Nociplastic pain Symptoms, in the acute and chronic low back pain population.
* The secondary aim is to assess the prognostic value of sensory profiles in the transition to central sensitisation and pain, in the acute and chronic low back pain population at twelve weeks.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* patients with non-specific LBP
* with or without radiating pain
* aged 18-65 years
* able to read and understand the Dutch language

Exclusion Criteria:

* previous lumbar spinal surgery
* radiculopathy or any specific cause of low back pain such as lumbar spinal stenosis, current malignancy, spondyloarthropathy, osteoporosis, spondylolisthesis, major trauma, infection, or systemic disease.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Central sensitiszation QST
timeFrame: 12 weeks follow-up
measure: Central senzitization CSI
timeFrame: 12 weeks follow-up
measure: Central sensitization PSQ
timeFrame: 12 weeks follow-up
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
measure: Demograpics
timeFrame: 12 weeks
Locations:
city: Zwolle
country: Netherlands
facility: Fysiomobilae
state: Overijssel
Study officials:
affiliation: Vrije Universiteit Brussel
name: Aldo Scafoglieri, PhD
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References: