Clinical trial NCT06032533: Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Aneurysmal SAH
Official title: The Effect of Remote Ischemic Conditioning on Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective, Randomized, Patient-assessor Blinded, Sham-controlled Pilot Study Investigating Effect on Clinical Outcome.
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: NA
Conditions: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Aneurysmal
Delayed Cerebral Ischemia
Keywords: Remote Ischemic Conditioning
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Aneurysm
Delayed Cerebral Ischemia
Lead sponsor: Aarhus University Hospital
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2023-09-13
Enrollment: 100
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Intervention model description: Participants are randomized to either daily treatment with remote ischemic conditioning or daily sham-treatment.
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The goal of this clinical trial is to examine the effect of limb occlusion therapy (remote ischemic conditioning, RIC) in subjects with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The main question it aims to answer is whether RIC can improve long-term recovery in participants with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Researchers will compare levels of functional independence in participants in the RIC-group to participants in the sham-group.

Detailed description: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is one of the most devastating types of stroke. Half of the patients die during the acute ictus, and those who survive have a poor prognosis as 20-30% are disabled or eventually die from the disease. In the acute phase after aSAH, the most devastating complication is rebleeding, whereas in the late phase, delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is another feared complication, associated with high morbidity and mortality. Symptoms of DCI occur in 30 % of patients and 15-20 % of patients will develop a disabling stroke due to DCI. DCI typically occurs between days 4 and 14 after the initial bleeding. The cause of DCI is not fully understood. Cerebral vasospasms (CVS) are commonly seen on angiography in the first 4-14 days after initial bleeding, and have been linked to late onset of symptoms of focal ischaemia since the 60s. Modern research suggests that the pathophysiology is multifactorial, but CVS is still thought to be a major contributor. Other contributing factors are thought to be microthrombosis, microvascular spasm, oxidative stress, cortically spreading depolarizations, cell death, breakdown of blood-brain barrier, among others. Treatment with nimodipine is standard-of-care and is the only pharmacological intervention that has been shown to improve outcome in aSAH patients, although it has no impact on large-vessel CVS\[.

The need for developing effective methods for prevention or treatment of DCI persists, and an effective prophylactic treatment may have a large impact on the general outcome of aSAH.

Ischemic conditioning is a potent activator of endogenous protection against ischemic injury. RIC can be applied as repeated short-lasting ischemia in a distant tissue that results in protection against subsequent long-lasting ischemic injury in the target organ. This protection can be applied prior to or during a prolonged ischemic event as remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPreC) and perconditioning (RIPerC), respectively.

RIC is commonly achieved by inflation of a blood pressure cuff to induce 5-minute cycles of limb ischemia alternating with 5 minutes of reperfusion. RIC activates several protective mechanisms, through humoral and neural pathways and shows promise in the setting of acute stroke.

Inflammation initiated by cerebral ischemia can contribute to secondary brain injury and is correlated with poor outcome. Following ischemia there is a harmful excess leukocyte infiltration in the brain parenchyma, and in experimental studies on aSAH, pharmacological inhibition of cytokines has been associated with improved outcome. RIC has been demonstrated to reduce inflammation and downregulate inflammatory markers. In addition, RIC has protective effects on cerebral endothelial function and induces vasodilation, increasing cerebral blood flow (CBF).

Angiogenesis, erythropoietin and nitric oxide (NO) are suggested to induce neuroprotection and stimulation of these strategies by conditioning including inhibition of inflammation has the potential to play an important part in treatment of patients after aSAH.

The effect of RIC on blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers has never been explored in the setting of aSAH.

To-date, no serious adverse events have been documented in RIC. The procedure has been applied in numerous cardiovascular ischemic patients and in patients suffering from ischemic stroke and cerebral hemorrhage (ICH/SAH).

A recent smaller randomized trials of RIPreC after aSAH showed promising results with regards to functional outcomes and incidence of cerebral oxygen desaturation, likewise without adverse effects of RIC.

RIC is a non-pharmacologic and non-invasive treatment without noticeable discomfort that has neuroprotective potential worldwide.

Aneurysmal SAH and subsequent DCI represents a unique clinical opportunity to test RIC as DCI typically manifests within the first 14 days after ictus and is often a significant contributor to neurological injury. The treatment is feasible, safe, and rooted in well-explored physiological concepts. There is a clear scientific gap and opportunity to explore RIC in the setting of aSAH and DCI in larger randomized trials.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage confirmed by computed tomography (CT) with aneurysm origin confirmed by computed tomography angiography (CTA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA)
* Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage symptom-onset ≤ 3 days
* Aneurysm protected by clipping or coiling
* Independent in daily living before symptom onset (mRS ≤ 2)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a lesion other than cerebral aneurysm
* Symptomatic vasospasm at the time of enrollment
* Previous cerebral lesion e.g. symptomatic cerebral infarction (\>2cm), multiple sclerosis, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, tumour, prior neurosurgery (excluding prior clipping or coiling of cold aneurysms without complications).
* History of severe peripheral vascular disease or signs of severe peripheral vascular disease on physical examination
* History of deep vein thrombosis or signs of deep vein thrombosis on physical examination
* Kidney involvement or prior kidney disease with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below safe levels for contrast infusion in relation to CT-perfusion.
* Pregnancy (Women of child-bearing age will have serum-Humane Choriogonadotropine taken prior to final inclusion. If pregnancy cannot be ruled out,the patient can't be included. Women with a safe birth control method will be encouraged to use this method during the entire period of active treatment.)
* Concomitant other acute life-threatening medical or surgical condition

Primary outcomes:
measure: Clinical outcome after 6 months measured by modified Rankin scale score (0-6, Higher score indicates worse outcome)
timeFrame: Assessed 6 months after initial aneurysm rupture.
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Difference in Infarct growth
timeFrame: MRI performed 4-6 weeks after initial hemorrhage.
measure: Clinical outcome after 14 days measured by modified Rankin scale score (0-6, Higher score indicates worse outcome)
timeFrame: 14 days after initial hemorrhage.
measure: Occurrence of delayed cerebral ischemia
timeFrame: Within first 14 days after initial hemorrhage.
measure: Mortality after 3 months
timeFrame: Assessed at 3 months post initial hemorrhage
measure: Mortality after 12 months
timeFrame: Assessed at 12 months post initial hemorrhage
measure: Presence of angiographic vasospasm on CT angiography baseline vs 8-day scan
timeFrame: 8-9 days post initial hemorrhage.
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Aarhus N
country: Denmark
facility: Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital
state: Danmark
Study officials:
affiliation: Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital
name: Grethe Andersen, Prof., MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery
name: Arzu Bilgin-Freiert, MD, PhD
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
citation: Hess DC, Blauenfeldt RA, Andersen G, Hougaard KD, Hoda MN, Ding Y, Ji X. Remote ischaemic conditioning-a new paradigm of self-protection in the brain. Nat Rev Neurol. 2015 Dec;11(12):698-710. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2015.223. Epub 2015 Nov 20.
citation: Gonzalez NR, Connolly M, Dusick JR, Bhakta H, Vespa P. Phase I clinical trial for the feasibility and safety of remote ischemic conditioning for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery. 2014 Nov;75(5):590-8; discussion 598. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000000514.