Clinical trial NCT02491411: Dexamethasone Prior to Re-treatment With Enzalutamide in Treating Patients With Metastatic Hormone-Resistant Prostate Cancer Previously Treated With Enzalutamide and Docetaxel
Official title: A Pilot Study of Dexamethasone Therapy Prior to Rechallenge With Enzalutamide in Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Dex EXTends Enza Response (The DEXTER Trial)
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: TERMINATED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Hormone-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma
Prostate Adenocarcinoma
Stage IV Prostate Cancer
Lead sponsor: Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
First posted: 2015-07-08
Enrollment: 5
Sex: MALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: This pilot trial studies how well dexamethasone and re-treatment with enzalutamide work in treating patients with prostate cancer that has spread to other places in the body (metastatic), does not respond to hormone therapy (hormone-resistant), and was previously treated with enzalutamide and docetaxel. Dexamethasone treatment may be able to reverse one resistance mechanism to enzalutamide therapy (overabundance of receptors for dexamethasone and other glucocorticoids inside cancer cells) and allow for renewed therapeutic sensitivity to enzalutamide. Androgens (a type of male hormone) can bind to androgen receptors found inside prostate cancer cells, which may cause the cancer cells to grow. Enzalutamide may stop the growth of prostate cancer cells by blocking the activity of the cancer cell androgen receptors. Giving dexamethasone prior to re-treatment with enzalutamide may be a treatment for prostate cancer.

Detailed description: PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate to enzalutamide (Enza) after treatment with dexamethasone (Dex) therapy.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Objective response rate to Enza in patients with measurable disease on computed tomography (CT) scan using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria.

II. Time to PSA progression (based upon Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 \[PCWG2\] criteria) for treatment with Dex.

III. Effect of each treatment on quality of life as assessed by patient completion of validated instruments (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy \[FACIT\]-Fatigue Scale, RAND Short Form-36 \[RANDSF-36\]).

IV. PSA response rates to Dex for patients who are androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) positive and AR-V7 negative, respectively, at study entry.

V. Response rates to Enza for patients who are AR-V7 positive and AR-V7 negative, respectively, at study entry.

VI. Percentage of patients who are AR-V7 positive at study entry who are AR-V7 negative at time of initiation of Enza, or vice-versa.

OUTLINE:

Patients receive dexamethasone orally (PO) once daily on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity until there is evidence of PSA progression, clinical disease progression, or radiographic disease progression. At time of progression, dexamethasone will be stopped via a rapid taper over one week if patients were treated for over 30 days. Patients then receive enzalutamide PO once daily on days 1-28. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 3 courses in the absence of clinical disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up for 4 weeks.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate
* Patients must have metastatic disease radiographically documented by CT/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or bone scan; measurable disease is not necessary for inclusion
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =\< 2 (Karnofsky \>= 60%)
* Life expectancy of greater than 3 months in the opinion of the investigator
* Absolute neutrophil count \>= 1,500/mcL
* Platelets \>= 100,000/mcL
* Hemoglobin \>= 8; transfusion is allowed
* Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)(serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase \[SGOT\])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT)(serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase \[SGPT\]) =\< 2.5 x institutional upper limit of normal
* Creatinine clearance \>= 30 by Cockcroft-Gault formula
* Patients must have progression after prior treatment with Enza at any point in the disease course (pre- or post-chemotherapy)
* Patients must have progressed after prior treatment with docetaxel; docetaxel must have specifically been given for castration-resistant metastatic disease
* Prior treatment with other second line hormone therapy is allowed (e.g. flutamide, bicalutamide, nilutamide, ketoconazole, abiraterone, ARN-509); patients must be off these therapies for at least 4 weeks prior to starting treatment
* Prior treatment with Xofigo (223Radium), Provenge, mitoxantrone and cabazitaxel is allowed
* Patients must have rising PSA on two successive measurements, at least 2 weeks apart
* Patient must be treated with continuous androgen ablative therapy (e.g. goserelin, leuprolide, triptorelin, or degarelix, if he has not had prior surgical castration) and have castrate levels of testosterone (\< 50 ng/dL or 1.7 nmol/L)
* Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who have had chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 4 weeks prior to entering the study or those who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier (persistent toxicity \>= grade 1)
* Patients who have received any other investigational agents within the last 4 weeks
* History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to Dex or Enza
* Any use of systemic corticosteroids in the prior 4 weeks
* Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
* History of seizure, underlying brain injury with loss of consciousness, transient ischemic attack within the past 12 months, cerebral vascular accident, brain metastases, and brain arteriovenous malformations
* Patients receiving any medications or substances that are inhibitors or inducers of cytochrome P450 family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 8 (CYP2C8) are ineligible (e.g. gemfibrozil, rifampin, trimethoprim, pioglitazone)
* Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations or geographical condition that would limit compliance with study requirements

Primary outcomes:
measure: PSA Response Rate
timeFrame: Up to 4 weeks post-treatment
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Changes in Quality of Life Assessment Scores, Assessed Using FACIT-Fatigue Scale and RANDSF-36 Surveys
timeFrame: Baseline to up to 4 weeks post-treatment
measure: Objective Response Rate to Enzalutamide in Patients With Measurable Disease on CT Scan
timeFrame: Up to 4 weeks post-treatment
measure: Response Rate With Dexamethasone by AR-V7 Status at Study Entry
timeFrame: Baseline
measure: Response Rate With Enzalutamide by AR-V7 Status at Study Entry
timeFrame: Baseline
measure: Time to PSA Progression, Based Upon PCWG2 Criteria, for Treatment With Dexamethasone
timeFrame: Up to 4 weeks post-treatment
measure: Time to Radiographic Progression for Treatment With Dexamethasone
timeFrame: Up to 4 weeks post-treatment
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Baltimore
country: United States
facility: Johns Hopkins University/Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
state: Maryland
Study officials:
affiliation: Johns Hopkins University/Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
name: Samuel Denmeade
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: