Clinical trial NCT06321861: Motivational, Affective and Performance Effects of Caffeine Supplementation
Official title: The Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Motivation, Affect and Performance in Physical Exercise Tests: An Intervention Study
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: NA
Conditions: Caffeine
Affect
Goals
Keywords: caffeine
energization
motivation
effort
affect
physical exercise
arousal
Lead sponsor: Jagiellonian University
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice
name: University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
First posted: 2024-03-20
Enrollment: 40
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 30
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Intervention model description: Each participant will take part in three similar sessions differing by the substance they receive: caffeine (intervention group), placebo, no substance. Sessions will be about one week apart.
Primary purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE

Brief summary: The main objective of the study is to evaluate the influence of caffeine intake on participants' energetic arousal, affect, motivation to achieve a training goal, satisfaction with training, and the sense of agency during training. Consequently, participants will engage in three sessions: caffeine, placebo, and no substance (in counterbalanced order). During each session, their affective and motivational states will be assessed, along with the performance of a standardized physical exercise test. The investigators hypothesize that participants who consume caffeine (caffeine condition) will exhibit higher levels of energy and motivation compared to the other two groups. Additionally, they are expected to experience greater optimism and expectancy regarding their training goals and achieve better results in the physical exercise test.

A secondary aim of the study is to examine the impact of genetic variability on motivational and affective states of participants, as well as their performance in the physical exercise test after caffeine. The investigators will assess the CYP1A2 (-163C \> A, rs762551; characterized such as "fast" (AA genotype) and "slow" caffeine metabolizers (C-carriers)) and ADORA2A (1976T \> C; rs5751876; characterized by "high" (TT genotype) or "low" sensitivity to caffeine (C-carriers)).

Detailed description: Before participating in the study, participants will answer questions regarding their consumption of caffeinated beverages and the frequency of their workouts. They will also complete the Extreme Personality Scale measuring the tendency to pursue goals single-mindedly. Subsequently, they will be qualified for the study based on the questionnaire results and a brief interview.

The study will involve the manipulation of energization through the administration of caffeine. Participants will take part in a randomized, crossover, double-blind study, where they will perform three identical training sessions after consuming: a) caffeine at a dose of 3 mg/kg of body weight; b) a placebo; and c) under control conditions (i.e., without substance administration). Capsule consumption will occur 60 minutes before the start of the training. Caffeine and placebo capsules will not differ in size, shape, color, and taste.

As the effectiveness of caffeine use depends on the CYP1A2 (rs762551) and ADORA2 (rs5751876) gene polymorphisms, the study will also genotype these genes. The first gene is responsible for the rate of caffeine metabolism, determining whether people metabolize caffeine "fast" or "slow." The ADORA2A gene, encoding the adenosine A2A receptor, influences how "sensitive" people are to caffeine. DNA isolates obtained from oral epithelial cells collected from participants by qualified medical personnel will constitute the research material. Oral epithelial swabs will be collected directly from the participants into sterile tubes.

Before and after substance intake (and additionally after the exercise test) participants will assess their arousal using the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology Mood Adjective Checklist. Additionally, after substance intake and before exercise, participants will answer questions about motivation, affect and expectancy regarding training. Subsequently, participants will undergo training, taking the form of a supervised standardized exercise test. After exercise, participants will assess their satisfaction and feelings after completing the training.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18-30 years
* Caffeine consumption
* Engagement in physical activity.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosed cardiovascular, metabolic, gastrointestinal, or neurological diseases
* Taking medications or supplements that may affect test results
* Tobacco smoking
* Pregnancy
* Potential allergy to caffeine.

Participation in the study will be preceded by completing a health questionnaire and providing written consent. Additionally, exclusion from the study will occur upon the explicit request of the participant.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Energetic arousal pre-test
timeFrame: Right before the intervention
measure: Energetic arousal post-test
timeFrame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
measure: Optimism
timeFrame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
measure: Motivation
timeFrame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
measure: Determination
timeFrame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
measure: Relative outcome expectancy
timeFrame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
measure: Success probability
timeFrame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
measure: Prospective effort
timeFrame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
measure: Agency
timeFrame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
measure: Performance in the 1RM test
timeFrame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition)
measure: Performance in the bar velocity in the bench press test
timeFrame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition)
measure: Performance in the strength-endurance test
timeFrame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition)
measure: Performance in the countermovement jump test
timeFrame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition)
measure: Satisfaction with the results
timeFrame: Immediately after the physical exercise test
measure: Retrospective effort
timeFrame: Immediately after the physical exercise test
measure: Retrospective agency
timeFrame: Immediately after the physical exercise test
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Goal importance
timeFrame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
measure: Prospective difficulty
timeFrame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
measure: Expected performance in the 1RM test
timeFrame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
measure: Expected performance in the bar velocity in the bench press test
timeFrame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
measure: Expected performance in the strength-endurance test
timeFrame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
measure: Expected performance in the countermovement jump test
timeFrame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
measure: Retrospective difficulty
timeFrame: Immediately after the physical exercise test
measure: Energetic arousal post-training
timeFrame: Immediately after the physical exercise test
measure: Perceived effect on agency
timeFrame: Immediately after the physical exercise test
measure: Tense arousal
timeFrame: Right before the intervention, then 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); and immediately after the physical exercise test
measure: Hedonic tone
timeFrame: Right before the intervention, then 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); and immediately after the physical exercise test
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Katowice
country: Poland
facility: The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice
Study officials:
affiliation: Jagiellonian University
name: Ewa Szumowska
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Matthews G; Jones DM, Chamberlain AG. Refining the measurement of mood: The UWIST mood adjective checklist. British Journal of Psychology, 1990, 81(1): 17-42.
citation: Szumowska E, Molinario E, Jaśko K, Hudiyana J, Firdiani NF, Penrod J, Jaume LC, Leander NP, Kreienkamp J, Agostini M, Gruszka A, Szumska I, Stelmaszyńska D, Gola M, Altungy P, Gómez Á, Cacek J, & Kruglanski AW (2023). The Extreme Personality: Individual Differences in Proneness to Motivational Imbalance. Manuscript submitted for publication.