Clinical trial NCT05922449: Using Thoracic Paravertebral Block for Perioperative Lung Preservation During VATS Pulmonary Surgery
Official title: Using Thoracic Paravertebral Block for Perioperative Lung Preservation During VATS Pulmonary Surgery: A Dual Center Randomized Controlled Trial
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Postoperative Pulmonary Complications
Keywords: Postoperative pulmonary complications
Thoracic paravertebral block
Postoperative analgesia
Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
Lead sponsor: Beijing Tongren Hospital
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Beijing Chest Hospital
First posted: 2023-06-28
Enrollment: 302
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Intervention model description: Randomized parallel controlled trial
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) may extend the length of stay of patients and even increase perioperative mortality after video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) pulmonary surgery. Thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) can provide effective analgesia after VATS, however little is known about the effect of TPVB on PPCs. This study aims to determine whether TPVB combined with general anesthesia results in reducing PPCs and achieve perioperative lung protection in VATS pulmonary surgery compared with simple general anesthesia.

Methods: A total of 302 patients undergoing VATS lobectomy/segmentectomy will be randomly divided into two groups: Paravertebral block group (PV group) and Control group (C group). Patients of PV group will receive thoracic paravertebral block: 15 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine will be administered to the T4 and T7 thoracic paravertebral spaces respectively before general anesthesia. Patients of C group will not undergo intervention. Both groups of patients adopted protective ventilation strategy during operation. Perioperative protective mechanical ventilation and standard fluid management will be applied in both groups. Patient controlled intravenous analgesia was used for postoperative analgesia. The primary endpoint is the composite outcome of PPCs within 7 days after surgery. Secondary end points include blood gas analysis, postoperative lung ultrasound score, NRS score, QoR-15 score, hospitalization related indicators and long-term prognosis indicators.

Detailed description: Surgical resection is still the go-to treatment for lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer death As a minimally invasive operation, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has significantly reduced surgical trauma and systemic inflammation, and has become the standard treatment method for lung cancer.

Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are one of the most common complications after thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery, with an incidence of 40.8%. PPCs increase hospitalization time, hospitalization cost, and perioperative mortality, and affect the treatment effect and utilization of medical resources. One of the most pressing clinical issues is how to lower the prevalence of PPCs. Previous research has shown that lung protective ventilation strategies, including low tidal volume, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), low inhalation oxygen concentration, etc., have a good prognosis in patients with lung injury, but they may not fully prevent acute lung injury caused by one-lung ventilation (OLV) during VATS.

The incidence of pain 24 hours after VATS was 38%, and the incidence of chronic pain 6 months after VATS was 25%. Poor postoperative analgesia will affect postoperative recovery, which may raise the risk of pulmonary complications due to insufficient respiratory function and weak sputum excretion. Thus, it is crucial to effectively control acute discomfort following VATS.

Ultrasound guided thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) is a commonly used regional block technique in thoracic surgery. Local anesthetics can be injected into the paravertebral space to block the ipsilateral sympathetic and somatosensory nerves. TPVB combined with general anesthesia (GA) can reduce the pain after VATS, decreases the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9, reduce the inflammatory reaction after thoracic surgery, improve the postoperative survival rate by blocking the unilateral sympathetic nerve, improve the postoperative rehabilitation of patients after VATS lung cancer radical surgery, and reduce the postoperative tumor recurrence. According to a recent retrospective propensity matching analysis, TPVB and GA together were linked to a decreased incidence of PPCs (29.8% vs. 34.2%). However, a prospective study on the effects of GA combined with GA alone vs GA coupled with TPVB on PPCs following VATS pulmonary surgery has not been retrieved.

The aim of this study is designed to explore whether general anesthesia combined with thoracic paravertebral block can reduce atelectasis, lung inflammation, and lung injury compared to general anesthesia during VATS pulmonary surgery, thereby reducing the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications, achieving lung protection, and improving long-term prognosis of patients.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients scheduled for elective VATS lobectomy/segmentectomy had an expected operation duration (from skin incision to suture) greater than 1h
* Age\>18
* American society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system: I - III

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with acute or chronic respiratory failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (GOLD) grade ≥ Grade III, poorly controlled asthma or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS, according to the new definition of ARDS at the 2011 Berlin Conference)
* Patients with severe cardiovascular complications (defined as New York Heart Association (NYHA) Grade IV, acute coronary syndrome, or persistent ventricular tachycardia)
* Patients who had a history of ipsilateral thoracotomy or had a history of mechanical ventilation within 4 weeks
* Patients with contraindications to TPVB (coagulation dysfunction, anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy, skin ulcer infection, local anesthetic allergy, Spinal deformity, etc.)
* Patients with trachea malformation or tracheotomy
* Pregnant or lactating patients

Primary outcomes:
measure: The incidence of the composite of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) within 7 days after surgery
timeFrame: Within the first 7 days after operation
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)
timeFrame: Preoperative; one-lung ventilation (OLV) for 30 minutes; 5 minutes after the end of one lung ventilation; 30 minutes after entering the postoperative pulmonary complications (PACU)
measure: Arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2)
timeFrame: Preoperative; one-lung ventilation (OLV) for 30 minutes; 5 minutes after the end of one lung ventilation; 30 minutes after entering the postoperative pulmonary complications (PACU)
measure: Oxygenation index (OI)
timeFrame: Preoperative; one-lung ventilation (OLV) for 30 minutes; 5 minutes after the end of one lung ventilation; 30 minutes after entering the postoperative pulmonary complications (PACU)
measure: Arterial blood pH
timeFrame: Preoperative; one-lung ventilation (OLV) for 30 minutes; 5 minutes after the end of one lung ventilation; 30 minutes after entering the postoperative pulmonary complications (PACU)
measure: Concentration of arterial blood lactate
timeFrame: Preoperative; one-lung ventilation (OLV) for 30 minutes; 5 minutes after the end of one lung ventilation; 30 minutes after entering the postoperative pulmonary complications (PACU)
measure: Heart rate
timeFrame: Preoperative; one-lung ventilation (OLV) for 30 minutes; 5 minutes after the end of one lung ventilation; 30 minutes after entering the postoperative pulmonary complications (PACU)
measure: Invasive arterial blood pressure
timeFrame: Preoperative; one-lung ventilation (OLV) for 30 minutes; 5 minutes after the end of one lung ventilation; 30 minutes after entering the postoperative pulmonary complications (PACU)
measure: Transcutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2)
timeFrame: Preoperative; one-lung ventilation (OLV) for 30 minutes; 5 minutes after the end of one lung ventilation; 30 minutes after entering the postoperative pulmonary complications (PACU)
measure: Lung Ultrasound Score (LUS)
timeFrame: Preoperative; Postoperative day1; Postoperative day 2
measure: Numerical rating scale (NRS)
timeFrame: Preoperative; Postoperative day1; Postoperative day 2; 1 and 3 months after operation
measure: Patient's postoperative consumption of sufentanil
timeFrame: Within 48 hours after operation
measure: The incidence of opioid-related adverse effects
timeFrame: Within 48 hours after operation
measure: Quality of recovery with the 15-item (QoR-15)
timeFrame: Preoperative; Postoperative day1; Postoperative day 2; 1 and 3 months after operation
measure: The incidence of various postoperative pulmonary complications
timeFrame: Within the first 7 days after surgery; 1 and 3 months after operation
measure: The incidence of various postoperative extrapulmonary complications
timeFrame: Within the first 7 days after surgery; 1 and 3 months after operation
measure: Postoperative mortality rate
timeFrame: 1 and 3 months after operation
measure: Unplanned ICU hospitalization rate
timeFrame: 1 months after operation
measure: Unplanned ICU hospitalization duration
timeFrame: 1 months after operation
measure: Postoperative length of stay
timeFrame: 1 months after operation
measure: Hospitalization expense
timeFrame: 1 months after operation
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Beijing
country: China
facility: Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University
state: Beijing
city: Beijing
country: China
facility: Beijing tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University
state: Beijing
Study officials:
affiliation: Beijing Tongren Hospital
name: Guyan Wang
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
citation: Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022 Jan;72(1):7-33. doi: 10.3322/caac.21708. Epub 2022 Jan 12.
citation: Falcoz PE, Puyraveau M, Thomas PA, Decaluwe H, Hurtgen M, Petersen RH, Hansen H, Brunelli A; ESTS Database Committee and ESTS Minimally Invasive Interest Group. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery versus open lobectomy for primary non-small-cell lung cancer: a propensity-matched analysis of outcome from the European Society of Thoracic Surgeon database. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2016 Feb;49(2):602-9. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv154. Epub 2015 Apr 26.
citation: Lohser J, Slinger P. Lung Injury After One-Lung Ventilation: A Review of the Pathophysiologic Mechanisms Affecting the Ventilated and the Collapsed Lung. Anesth Analg. 2015 Aug;121(2):302-18. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000808.
citation: Colquhoun DA, Leis AM, Shanks AM, Mathis MR, Naik BI, Durieux ME, Kheterpal S, Pace NL, Popescu WM, Schonberger RB, Kozower BD, Walters DM, Blasberg JD, Chang AC, Aziz MF, Harukuni I, Tieu BH, Blank RS. A Lower Tidal Volume Regimen during One-lung Ventilation for Lung Resection Surgery Is Not Associated with Reduced Postoperative Pulmonary Complications. Anesthesiology. 2021 Apr 1;134(4):562-576. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003729.
citation: Lederman D, Easwar J, Feldman J, Shapiro V. Anesthetic considerations for lung resection: preoperative assessment, intraoperative challenges and postoperative analgesia. Ann Transl Med. 2019 Aug;7(15):356. doi: 10.21037/atm.2019.03.67.
citation: Bendixen M, Jorgensen OD, Kronborg C, Andersen C, Licht PB. Postoperative pain and quality of life after lobectomy via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or anterolateral thoracotomy for early stage lung cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016 Jun;17(6):836-844. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(16)00173-X. Epub 2016 May 6.
citation: Bayman EO, Parekh KR, Keech J, Selte A, Brennan TJ. A Prospective Study of Chronic Pain after Thoracic Surgery. Anesthesiology. 2017 May;126(5):938-951. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001576.
citation: Yeung JH, Gates S, Naidu BV, Wilson MJ, Gao Smith F. Paravertebral block versus thoracic epidural for patients undergoing thoracotomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Feb 21;2(2):CD009121. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009121.pub2.
citation: Tong C, Zhu H, Li B, Wu J, Xu M. Impact of paravertebral blockade use in geriatric patients undergoing thoracic surgery on postoperative adverse outcomes. J Thorac Dis. 2019 Dec;11(12):5169-5176. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2019.12.13.
citation: Ben Aziz M, Mukhdomi J. Thoracic Paravertebral Block. 2023 Feb 28. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK570560/
citation: Kang K, Meng X, Li B, Yuan J, Tian E, Zhang J, Zhang W. Effect of thoracic paravertebral nerve block on the early postoperative rehabilitation in patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical lung cancer surgery. World J Surg Oncol. 2020 Nov 12;18(1):298. doi: 10.1186/s12957-020-02071-8.
citation: Chu H, Dong H, Wang Y, Niu Z. Effects of ultrasound-guided paravertebral block on MMP-9 and postoperative pain in patients undergoing VATS lobectomy: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2020 Mar 6;20(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s12871-020-00976-1.
citation: Tong C, Zheng J, Wu J. The effects of paravertebral blockade usage on pulmonary complications, atrial fibrillation and length of hospital stay following thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery. J Clin Anesth. 2022 Aug;79:110770. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.110770. Epub 2022 Mar 22.
citation: Kimura A, Suehiro K, Juri T, Fujimoto Y, Yoshida H, Tanaka K, Mori T, Nishikawa K. Hemodynamic Changes via the Lung Recruitment Maneuver Can Predict Fluid Responsiveness in Stroke Volume and Arterial Pressure During One-Lung Ventilation. Anesth Analg. 2021 Jul 1;133(1):44-52. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005375.
citation: de la Gala F, Pineiro P, Reyes A, Vara E, Olmedilla L, Cruz P, Garutti I. Postoperative pulmonary complications, pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses after lung resection surgery with prolonged one-lung ventilation. Randomized controlled trial comparing intravenous and inhalational anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2017 Oct 1;119(4):655-663. doi: 10.1093/bja/aex230.
citation: Brassard CL, Lohser J, Donati F, Bussieres JS. Step-by-step clinical management of one-lung ventilation: continuing professional development. Can J Anaesth. 2014 Dec;61(12):1103-21. doi: 10.1007/s12630-014-0246-2. Epub 2014 Nov 12. English, French.
citation: Kaufmann KB, Loop T, Heinrich S; Working Group of the German Thorax Registry. Risk factors for post-operative pulmonary complications in lung cancer patients after video-assisted thoracoscopic lung resection: Results of the German Thorax Registry. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2019 Sep;63(8):1009-1018. doi: 10.1111/aas.13388. Epub 2019 May 29.
citation: Wu Z, Fang S, Wang Q, Wu C, Zhan T, Wu M. Patient-Controlled Paravertebral Block for Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery: A Randomized Trial. Ann Thorac Surg. 2018 Sep;106(3):888-894. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.04.036. Epub 2018 May 12.
citation: Jung DM, Ahn HJ, Jung SH, Yang M, Kim JA, Shin SM, Jeon S. Apneic oxygen insufflation decreases the incidence of hypoxemia during one-lung ventilation in open and thoracoscopic pulmonary lobectomy: A randomized controlled trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2017 Jul;154(1):360-366. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.02.054. Epub 2017 Mar 10.
citation: Wang ML, Hung MH, Chen JS, Hsu HH, Cheng YJ. Nasal high-flow oxygen therapy improves arterial oxygenation during one-lung ventilation in non-intubated thoracoscopic surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2018 May 1;53(5):1001-1006. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezx450.
citation: Li XF, Hu JR, Wu Y, Chen Y, Zhang MQ, Yu H. Comparative Effect of Propofol and Volatile Anesthetics on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications After Lung Resection Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Anesth Analg. 2021 Oct 1;133(4):949-957. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005334.
citation: Futier E, Constantin JM, Paugam-Burtz C, Pascal J, Eurin M, Neuschwander A, Marret E, Beaussier M, Gutton C, Lefrant JY, Allaouchiche B, Verzilli D, Leone M, De Jong A, Bazin JE, Pereira B, Jaber S; IMPROVE Study Group. A trial of intraoperative low-tidal-volume ventilation in abdominal surgery. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 1;369(5):428-37. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1301082.
citation: El-Tahan MR. Role of Thoracic Epidural Analgesia for Thoracic Surgery and Its Perioperative Effects. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2017 Aug;31(4):1417-1426. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.09.010. Epub 2016 Sep 13. No abstract available.
citation: Rigg JR, Jamrozik K, Myles PS, Silbert BS, Peyton PJ, Parsons RW, Collins KS; MASTER Anaethesia Trial Study Group. Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia and outcome of major surgery: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2002 Apr 13;359(9314):1276-82. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08266-1.
citation: Licker MJ, Widikker I, Robert J, Frey JG, Spiliopoulos A, Ellenberger C, Schweizer A, Tschopp JM. Operative mortality and respiratory complications after lung resection for cancer: impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and time trends. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006 May;81(5):1830-7. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.11.048.
citation: Liang XL, An R, Chen Q, Liu HL. The Analgesic Effects of Thoracic Paravertebral Block versus Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia After Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Meta-Analysis. J Pain Res. 2021 Mar 26;14:815-825. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S299595. eCollection 2021.
citation: Casati A, Alessandrini P, Nuzzi M, Tosi M, Iotti E, Ampollini L, Bobbio A, Rossini E, Fanelli G. A prospective, randomized, blinded comparison between continuous thoracic paravertebral and epidural infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine after lung resection surgery. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2006 Dec;23(12):999-1004. doi: 10.1017/S0265021506001104. Epub 2006 Jul 7.