Clinical trial NCT03848533: Effect of Melatonin and Metformin on Glycemic Control Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Markers in Patients With Prediabetes
Official title: Effect of the Administration of Melatonin and Metformin on Glycemic Control, Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Markers in Patients With Prediabetes: Pilot Study
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: PreDiabetes
Keywords: Melatonin
Metformin
Pre Diabetes
PreDiabetes
Micronuclei
Genotoxicity Markers
Cytotoxicity Markers
Lead sponsor: University of Guadalajara
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2019-02-20
Enrollment: 42
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 30
Maximum age (years): 60
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Melatonin is a hormone that regulates the circadian cycle in addition to having an antioxidant effect. Patients with prediabetes state, has a deregulation of glucose metabolism and an overproduction of reactive oxygen species caused by levels of hyperglycemia that generate DNA modification in pancreatic beta cells, which leads to apoptosis and a deficient production of insulin. The administration of metformin and melatonin could be a possibility to treat and reverse the prediabetic state decreasing the glycemic levels and reactive oxygen species production.

Detailed description: A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical trial will carried out in 42 patients with a diagnosis of prediabetes, according to the American Diabetes Association criteria. The patients will be divide in three groups administrating metformin plus placebo, melatonin plus placebo or melatonin plus metformin. The intervention will be with 500 mg lengthed release tablets of metformin once a day in the morning, per 90 days, 5 mg lengthed release capsules of melatonin one a day in the night per 90 days and calcined magnesia as a placebo. Before and after the intervention, will be evaluate: fasting plasma glucose, blood glucose after an oral glucose tolerance test, A1c hemoglobin fraction, micronuclei frequency, nuclear anomalies frequency, insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, weight, height, body mass index, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, creatinine, uric acid, and sleep quality.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age beween 30 to 60 years old.
* Diagnosis of Prediabetes state according to the American Diabetes Association criteria.
* Without pharmacological treatment.
* Body mass index between 25 to 34.9 Kg/m2
* Sign informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with pharmacological treatment.
* Pregnant woman
* Patients with autoimmune, cancer, reumatic diases history or with pharmaceutical treatment
* Workers on night or changing shifts.
* Subjects that have been exposed to radiation
* Dyslipidemia: Total cholesterol \>250mg/dL, Triglycerides \>500 mg/dL.
* Subjects that have travel to other place with a different time zone.
* Patients with diagnosis of insomnia
* Patients with a glomerular filtration \<60 ml/min using the Cockroft-Gault Formula.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
timeFrame: Baseline to week 12
measure: Blood Glucose level after an Oral Glucose tolerance Test
timeFrame: Baseline to week 12
measure: A1c Hemoglobin Fraction (HbA1C)
timeFrame: Baseline to week 12
measure: Micronuclei frequency
timeFrame: Baseline to week 12
measure: Nuclear anomalies frequency
timeFrame: Baseline to week 12
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Body height
timeFrame: Baseline to week 12
measure: Body weight
timeFrame: Baseline to week 12
measure: Body mass index
timeFrame: Baseline to week 12
measure: Insulin Secretion
timeFrame: Baseline to week 12
measure: Baseline Insulin Secretion
timeFrame: Baseline to week 12
measure: Insulin sensitivity
timeFrame: Baseline to week 12
measure: Total Cholesterol
timeFrame: Baseline to week 12
measure: High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
timeFrame: Baseline to week 12
measure: Low-density lipoprotein
timeFrame: Baseline to week 12
measure: Triglycerides
timeFrame: Baseline to week 12
measure: Serum Lactate
timeFrame: Baseline to week 12
Other outcomes:
measure: Sleep quality
timeFrame: Baseline to week 12
measure: Tolerability to treatment
timeFrame: Baseline to week 12
measure: Treatment attachment
timeFrame: Baseline to week 12
Locations:
city: Guadalajara
country: Mexico
facility: Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics (INTEC), CUCS, University of Guadalajara
state: Jalisco
Study officials:
affiliation: Instituto de terapeutica experimental y clínica
name: Lizet Yadira Rosales-Rivera, PhD Science
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care. 2018 Jan;41(Suppl 1):S13-S27. doi: 10.2337/dc18-S002.
citation: Brannick B, Wynn A, Dagogo-Jack S. Prediabetes as a toxic environment for the initiation of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2016 Jun;241(12):1323-31. doi: 10.1177/1535370216654227.
citation: Ferrannini E, Gastaldelli A, Iozzo P. Pathophysiology of prediabetes. Med Clin North Am. 2011 Mar;95(2):327-39, vii-viii. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2010.11.005.
citation: Wilson ML. Prediabetes: Beyond the Borderline. Nurs Clin North Am. 2017 Dec;52(4):665-677. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2017.07.011. Epub 2017 Oct 5.
citation: Hostalek U, Gwilt M, Hildemann S. Therapeutic Use of Metformin in Prediabetes and Diabetes Prevention. Drugs. 2015 Jul;75(10):1071-94. doi: 10.1007/s40265-015-0416-8.
citation: Serrano R, Garcia-Soidan FJ, Diaz-Redondo A, Artola S, Franch J, Diez J, Carrillo L, Ezkurra P, Millaruelo JM, Segui M, Sangros FJ, Martinez-Candela J, Munoz P, Goday A, Regidor E; Grupo de Estudio PREDADS. Cohort Study in Primary Health Care on the Evolution of Patients with Prediabetes (PREDAPS): basis and methodology. Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2013 Mar-Apr;87(2):121-35. doi: 10.4321/S1135-57272013000200003. English, Spanish.
citation: Yang H, Jin X, Kei Lam CW, Yan SK. Oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2011 Nov;49(11):1773-82. doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2011.250. Epub 2011 Aug 3.
citation: Giacco F, Brownlee M. Oxidative stress and diabetic complications. Circ Res. 2010 Oct 29;107(9):1058-70. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.223545.
citation: Tang WH, Martin KA, Hwa J. Aldose reductase, oxidative stress, and diabetic mellitus. Front Pharmacol. 2012 May 9;3:87. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00087. eCollection 2012.
citation: Rolo AP, Palmeira CM. Diabetes and mitochondrial function: role of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006 Apr 15;212(2):167-78. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2006.01.003. Epub 2006 Feb 20.
citation: Brownlee M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature. 2001 Dec 13;414(6865):813-20. doi: 10.1038/414813a.
citation: Torres-Bugarin O, Zavala-Cerna MG, Nava A, Flores-Garcia A, Ramos-Ibarra ML. Potential uses, limitations, and basic procedures of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in buccal cells. Dis Markers. 2014;2014:956835. doi: 10.1155/2014/956835. Epub 2014 Feb 4.
citation: Jdey W, Thierry S, Popova T, Stern MH, Dutreix M. Micronuclei Frequency in Tumors Is a Predictive Biomarker for Genetic Instability and Sensitivity to the DNA Repair Inhibitor AsiDNA. Cancer Res. 2017 Aug 15;77(16):4207-4216. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-2693. Epub 2017 Jun 6.
citation: Kisurina-Evgenieva OP, Sutiagina OI, Onishchenko GE. Biogenesis of Micronuclei. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2016 May;81(5):453-64. doi: 10.1134/S0006297916050035.
citation: Graham GG, Punt J, Arora M, Day RO, Doogue MP, Duong JK, Furlong TJ, Greenfield JR, Greenup LC, Kirkpatrick CM, Ray JE, Timmins P, Williams KM. Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2011 Feb;50(2):81-98. doi: 10.2165/11534750-000000000-00000.
citation: Gong L, Goswami S, Giacomini KM, Altman RB, Klein TE. Metformin pathways: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2012 Nov;22(11):820-7. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e3283559b22. No abstract available.
citation: Vecchio S, Giampreti A, Petrolini VM, Lonati D, Protti A, Papa P, Rognoni C, Valli A, Rocchi L, Rolandi L, Manzo L, Locatelli CA. Metformin accumulation: lactic acidosis and high plasmatic metformin levels in a retrospective case series of 66 patients on chronic therapy. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2014 Feb;52(2):129-35. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2013.860985. Epub 2013 Nov 28.
citation: Lalau JD. Lactic acidosis induced by metformin: incidence, management and prevention. Drug Saf. 2010 Sep 1;33(9):727-40. doi: 10.2165/11536790-000000000-00000.
citation: Dunn CJ, Peters DH. Metformin. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Drugs. 1995 May;49(5):721-49. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199549050-00007.
citation: Lardone PJ, Alvarez-Sanchez SN, Guerrero JM, Carrillo-Vico A. Melatonin and glucose metabolism: clinical relevance. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(30):4841-53. doi: 10.2174/1381612819666131119101032.
citation: Brzezinski A. Melatonin in humans. N Engl J Med. 1997 Jan 16;336(3):186-95. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199701163360306. No abstract available.
citation: Al-Omary FA. Melatonin: comprehensive profile. Profiles Drug Subst Excip Relat Methodol. 2013;38:159-226. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-407691-4.00005-8.
citation: Singh M, Jadhav HR. Melatonin: functions and ligands. Drug Discov Today. 2014 Sep;19(9):1410-8. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.04.014. Epub 2014 Apr 30.
citation: Hussain SA, Khadim HM, Khalaf BH, Ismail SH, Hussein KI, Sahib AS. Effects of melatonin and zinc on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients poorly controlled with metformin. Saudi Med J. 2006 Oct;27(10):1483-8.
citation: Gamboa ML, Canales-Gómez JS, Castro Sandoval T de J. Bioavailability of Long Acting Capsules of Melatonin in Mexican Healthy Volunteers. J Bioequiv Availab. 2010 Sep 30;02(05).
citation: Garfinkel D, Zorin M, Wainstein J, Matas Z, Laudon M, Zisapel N. Efficacy and safety of prolonged-release melatonin in insomnia patients with diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2011;4:307-13. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S23904. Epub 2011 Aug 2.
citation: McMullan CJ, Schernhammer ES, Rimm EB, Hu FB, Forman JP. Melatonin secretion and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. JAMA. 2013 Apr 3;309(13):1388-96. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.2710.
citation: Thomas AP, Hoang J, Vongbunyong K, Nguyen A, Rakshit K, Matveyenko AV. Administration of Melatonin and Metformin Prevents Deleterious Effects of Circadian Disruption and Obesity in Male Rats. Endocrinology. 2016 Dec;157(12):4720-4731. doi: 10.1210/en.2016-1309. Epub 2016 Sep 21.
citation: Reutrakul S, Sumritsopak R, Saetung S, Chanprasertyothin S, Chailurkit LO, Anothaisintawee T. Lower nocturnal urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin is associated with more severe insulin resistance in patients with prediabetes. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms. 2017 Jun 28;4:10-16. doi: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2017.06.001. eCollection 2018 Jan.
citation: Park JH, Shim HM, Na AY, Bae KC, Bae JH, Im SS, Cho HC, Song DK. Melatonin prevents pancreatic beta-cell loss due to glucotoxicity: the relationship between oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Pineal Res. 2014 Mar;56(2):143-53. doi: 10.1111/jpi.12106. Epub 2013 Nov 25.
citation: Rybka J, Kedziora-Kornatowska K, Kupczyk D, Muszalik M, Kornatowski M, Kedziora J. Antioxidant effect of immediate- versus sustained-release melatonin in type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy controls. Drug Deliv. 2016;23(3):814-7. doi: 10.3109/10717544.2014.917343. Epub 2014 May 28.
citation: Lo CC, Lin SH, Chang JS, Chien YW. Effects of Melatonin on Glucose Homeostasis, Antioxidant Ability, and Adipokine Secretion in ICR Mice with NA/STZ-Induced Hyperglycemia. Nutrients. 2017 Oct 29;9(11):1187. doi: 10.3390/nu9111187.
citation: Onaran I, Guven GS, Ozdas SB, Kanigur G, Vehid S. Metformin does not prevent DNA damage in lymphocytes despite its antioxidant properties against cumene hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress. Mutat Res. 2006 Dec 10;611(1-2):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.06.036. Epub 2006 Sep 26.
citation: Skrha J, Prazny M, Hilgertova J, Kvasnicka J, Kalousova M, Zima T. Oxidative stress and endothelium influenced by metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Dec;63(12):1107-14. doi: 10.1007/s00228-007-0378-1. Epub 2007 Sep 15.
citation: AIDS networking in Canada, US. CMAJ. 1995 Dec 15;153(12):1772. No abstract available.