Clinical trial NCT02968849: Pivotal Phase 2b/3 ALVAC/Bivalent gp120/MF59 HIV Vaccine Prevention Safety and Efficacy Study in South Africa
Official title: A Pivotal Phase 2b/3 Multisite, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) and Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59 in Preventing HIV-1 Infection in Adults in South Africa
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE2
PHASE3
Conditions: HIV Infections
Keywords: HIV
Lead sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Sponsor class: NIH
Collaborators: name: Sanofi
name: GlaxoSmithKline
name: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
First posted: 2016-11-21
Enrollment: 5404
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 35
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: This study will evaluate the preventive vaccine efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) + Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59 in HIV-seronegative South African adults over 24 months and potentially up to 36 months from enrollment.

Detailed description: This study will evaluate the preventive vaccine efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the ALVAC-HIV vaccine + Bivalent Subtype C gp120 protein adjuvanted with MF59 in HIV-seronegative South African adults over 24 months from enrollment.

Participants will be randomized to receive ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438), or placebo, by intramuscular injection at weeks 0 and 4; they will receive ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) + Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59, or placebo, by IM injection at weeks 12, 24, and 52.

In addition to the vaccination visits, participants will attend study visits at weeks 26, 39, 54, 65, 78, 91, 104, 117, 130, 142, and 156. All study visits, including vaccination visits, will include HIV risk reduction counseling, a physical exam, and an interview/questionnaire. and pregnancy testing for participants capable of becoming pregnant. Select study visits will include a medical history review, physical exam, blood collection, urine collection, HIV testing, and pregnancy testing for participants capable of becoming pregnant.

As of February 3, 2020, vaccinations for this study were suspended. Participants have been asked to continue attending follow-up visits for 12 months after the last vaccination they received. Participants who become HIV infected will be followed for 6 months after diagnosis.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria

* Age of 18 to 35 years
* Sexually active, defined as having had sexual intercourse at least twice in the past 30 days prior to screening, and is considered by the site staff to be at risk for HIV infection.
* Access to a participating HVTN CRS and willingness to be followed for the planned duration of the study
* Ability and willingness to provide informed consent
* Assessment of understanding: volunteer demonstrates understanding of this study prior to first vaccination with verbal demonstration of understanding of all questions.
* Agrees not to enroll in another study of an investigational research agent until the participant is unblinded or their study participation ends, whichever occurs last
* Good general health as shown by medical history, physical exam, and screening laboratory tests
* Willingness to receive HIV test results
* Willingness to discuss HIV infection risks and willing to receive HIV risk reduction counseling.
* Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \< 2.5 times the institutional upper limit of normal
* Negative HIV-1 and -2 blood test within 30 days prior to enrollment: Sites may use locally available assays that have been approved by HVTN Laboratory Operations.
* Volunteers who were born female: negative serum or urine beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) pregnancy test performed prior to vaccination on the day of initial vaccination. Persons who are NOT of reproductive potential due to having undergone total hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy (verified by medical records), are not required to undergo pregnancy testing.
* Reproductive status: A volunteer who was born female must:

  * Agree to consistently use effective contraception (Appendix B and Appendix C) for sexual activity that could lead to pregnancy from at least 21 days prior to enrollment through 3 months after the last vaccination. Effective contraception is defined as using 2 methods of birth control. These include 1 of the following methods:

    * Condoms (male or female)
    * Diaphragm or cervical cap

PLUS 1 of the following methods:

* Intrauterine device (IUD),
* Hormonal contraception (in accordance with applicable national contraception guidelines), or
* Successful vasectomy in the male partner (considered successful if a volunteer reports that a male partner has \[1\] documentation of azoospermia by microscopy, or \[2\] a vasectomy more than 2 years ago with no resultant pregnancy despite sexual activity postvasectomy), or
* Any other contraceptive method approved by the protocol safety review team;

  * Or not be of reproductive potential, such as having been diagnosed with premature menopause (with no menses for 1 year) or having undergone hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, or tubal ligation.

    * Volunteers who were born female must also agree not to seek pregnancy through alternative methods, such as artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization until 3 months after the last vaccination

Exclusion Criteria

* Blood products received within 90 days before first vaccination
* Investigational research agents received within 30 days before first vaccination
* Intent to participate in another study of an investigational research agent or any other study that requires non-HVTN HIV antibody testing during the planned duration of the study
* Pregnant or breastfeeding
* HIV vaccine(s) received in a prior HIV vaccine trial. For volunteers who have received control/placebo in an HIV vaccine trial, the HVTN 702 PSRT will determine eligibility on a case-by-case basis.
* Non-HIV experimental vaccine(s) received within the last 5 years in a prior vaccine trial. Exceptions may be made for vaccines that have subsequently undergone licensure. For volunteers who have received control/placebo in an experimental vaccine trial, the protocol safety review team will determine eligibility on a case-by-case basis. For volunteers who have received an experimental vaccine(s) greater than 5 years ago, eligibility for enrollment will be determined by the protocol safety review team on a case-by-case basis.
* Live attenuated vaccines other than influenza vaccine received within 30 days before first vaccination or scheduled within 14 days after injection (eg, measles, mumps, and rubella \[MMR\]; oral polio vaccine \[OPV\]; varicella; yellow fever)
* Influenza vaccine or any vaccines that are not live attenuated vaccines and were received within 14 days prior to first vaccination (eg, tetanus, pneumococcal, Hepatitis A or B)
* Immunosuppressive medications received within 168 days before first vaccination. (Not exclusionary: \[1\] corticosteroid nasal spray; \[2\] inhaled corticosteroids; \[3\] topical corticosteroids for mild, uncomplicated dermatitis; or \[4\] a single course of oral/parenteral corticosteroids at doses \< 2 mg/kg/day and length of therapy \< 11 days with completion at least 30 days prior to enrollment.)
* Serious adverse reactions to vaccines or to vaccine components such as eggs, egg products, or neomycin including history of anaphylaxis and related symptoms such as hives, respiratory difficulty, angioedema, and/or abdominal pain. (Not excluded from participation: a volunteer who had a non-anaphylactic adverse reaction to pertussis vaccine as a child.)
* Immunoglobulin received within 60 days before first vaccination
* Immunodeficiency
* Clinically significant medical condition, physical examination findings, clinically significant abnormal laboratory results, or past medical history with clinically significant implications for current health. A clinically significant condition or process includes but is not limited to:

  * A process that would affect the immune response,
  * A process that would require medication that affects the immune response,
  * Any contraindication to repeated injections or blood draws,
  * A condition that requires active medical intervention or monitoring to avert grave danger to the volunteer's health or well-being during the study period,
  * A condition or process for which signs or symptoms could be confused with reactions to vaccine, or
  * Any condition specifically listed among the exclusion criteria below.
* Any medical, psychiatric, occupational, or other condition that, in the judgment of the investigator, would interfere with, or serve as a contraindication to, protocol adherence, assessment of safety or reactogenicity, or a volunteer's ability to give informed consent
* Psychiatric condition that precludes compliance with the protocol. Specifically excluded are persons with psychoses within the past 3 years, ongoing risk for suicide, or history of suicide attempt or gesture within the past 3 years.
* Active tuberculosis (TB) disease
* Uncontrolled hypertension: systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 100 mm Hg
* Bleeding disorder (diagnosed by a doctor) contraindicating IM injection and/or blood draws, based on investigator's judgment
* Malignancy (Not excluded from participation: Volunteer who has had malignancy excised surgically and who, in the investigator's estimation, has a reasonable assurance of sustained cure or who is unlikely to experience recurrence of malignancy during the period of the study)
* History of hereditary angioedema, acquired angioedema, or idiopathic angioedema

Primary outcomes:
measure: Incidence Rate of HIV-1 Infection Diagnosed After Enrollment (Concurrent With First Vaccination) Through 24 Months After Enrollment
timeFrame: Measured through 24 months after first vaccination
measure: Number of Participants Reporting Local Reactogenicity Signs and Symptoms: Pain and/or Tenderness
timeFrame: Measured through 3 full days following each vaccination
measure: Number of Participants Reporting Local Reactogenicity Signs and Symptoms: Erythema and/or Induration
timeFrame: Measured through 3 full days following each vaccination
measure: Number of Participants Reporting Systemic Reactogenicity Signs and Symptoms
timeFrame: Measured through 3 full days following each vaccination
measure: Number of Participants Reporting Adverse Events (AEs), by Relationship to Study Product
timeFrame: Measured through 30 days after each vaccination
measure: Number of Participants Reporting Adverse Events (AEs), by Severity Grade
timeFrame: Measured through 30 days after each vaccination
measure: Number of Participants Reporting Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
timeFrame: Measured through 12 months after last vaccination
measure: Number of Participants Reporting Adverse Events of Special Interest (AESIs)
timeFrame: Measured through 12 months after last vaccination
measure: Number of Participants Reporting New Chronic Medical Conditions
timeFrame: Measured through 12 months after last vaccination
measure: Number of Participants With Early Study Termination Associated With an AE or Reactogenicity
timeFrame: Measured through study completion (through 6 months after confirmation of HIV-1 diagnosis for participants who acquired HIV and through 12 months after last vaccination for the rest)
measure: Number of Participants With Study Product Discontinuation Associated With an AE or Reactogenicity
timeFrame: Measured through study completion (through 6 months after confirmation of HIV-1 diagnosis for participants who acquired HIV and through 12 months after last vaccination for the rest)
measure: Incidence Rate of HIV-1 Infections Diagnosed Following Enrollment and Throughout All Participant Follow-Up
timeFrame: Measured through 36 months after first vaccination
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Incidence Rate of HIV-1 Infection Diagnosed After Enrollment Through 36 Months Post Enrollment
timeFrame: Measured through 36 months after first vaccination
measure: Incidence Rate of HIV-1 Infection Diagnosed After Month 6.5 Through 24 Months Post Enrollment
timeFrame: Measured after Month 6.5 through 24 months after first vaccination
measure: Number of Participants With Occurrence of CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cells Expressing IFN-g and/or IL-2 in Response to HIV Proteins Included in the Vaccine at Month 6.5
timeFrame: Measured at Month 6.5
measure: Number of Participants With Occurrence of CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cells Expressing IFN-g and/or IL-2 and/or CD40L in Response to HIV Proteins Included in the Vaccine at Month 6.5
timeFrame: Measured at Month 6.5
measure: Level of CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cells Expressing IFN-g and/or IL-2 in Response to HIV Proteins Included in the Vaccine at Month 6.5
timeFrame: Measured at Month 6.5
measure: Level of CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cells Expressing IFN-g and/or IL-2 and/or CD40L in Response to HIV Proteins Included in the Vaccine at Month 6.5
timeFrame: Measured at Month 6.5
measure: Number of Participants With Occurrence of Vaccine-induced IgG Binding Antibodies to HIV Proteins at Month 6.5
timeFrame: Measured at Month 6.5
measure: Number of Participants With Occurrence of Vaccine-induced IgG3 Binding Antibodies to HIV Proteins at Month 6.5
timeFrame: Measured at Month 6.5
measure: Number of Participants With Occurrence of Vaccine-induced IgA Binding Antibodies to HIV Proteins at Month 6.5
timeFrame: Measured at Month 6.5
measure: Level of Vaccine-induced IgG Binding Antibodies to HIV Proteins at Month 6.5
timeFrame: Measured at Month 6.5
measure: Level of Vaccine-induced IgG3 Binding Antibodies to HIV Proteins at Month 6.5
timeFrame: Measured at Month 6.5
measure: Level of Vaccine-induced IgA Binding Antibodies to HIV Proteins at Month 6.5
timeFrame: Measured at Month 6.5
measure: Incidence Rate of HIV-1 Infection Diagnosed After Enrollment Through 24 Months Among Female Participants
timeFrame: Measured through 24 months after first vaccination
measure: Incidence Rate of HIV-1 Infection Diagnosed After Enrollment Through 24 Months Among Male Participants
timeFrame: Measured through 24 months after first vaccination
measure: Incidence Rate of HIV-1 Infection Diagnosed After Enrollment Through 24 Months Among Female Participants Aged 25 or Younger
timeFrame: Measured through 24 months after first vaccination
measure: Incidence Rate of HIV-1 Infection Diagnosed After Enrollment Through 24 Months Among Female Participants Older Than 25
timeFrame: Measured through 24 months after first vaccination
measure: Incidence Rate of HIV-1 Infection Diagnosed After Enrollment Through Month 24 by Genotypic Characteristics of Viral Sequences From HIV-1 Infected Participants at HIV-1 Diagnosis, Such As Signature Site Mutations
timeFrame: Measured through 24 months after first vaccination
measure: Number of Participants With Viral Sequences at HIV-1 Diagnosis
timeFrame: Measured through 24 months after first vaccination
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Mthatha
country: South Africa
facility: Walter Sisulu University HIV Vaccine Research Unit CRS
state: Eastern Cape
city: Johannesburg
country: South Africa
facility: Kliptown Soweto CRS
state: Gauteng
city: Johannesburg
country: South Africa
facility: Aurum Tembisa CRS
state: Gauteng
city: Johannesburg
country: South Africa
facility: Soweto HVTN CRS
state: Gauteng
city: Pretoria
country: South Africa
facility: MeCRU CRS
state: Gauteng
city: Soshanguve
country: South Africa
facility: Setshaba Research Centre CRS
state: Gauteng
city: Durban
country: South Africa
facility: eThekwini CRS
state: Kwa Zulu Natal
city: Isipingo
country: South Africa
facility: Isipingo CRS
state: Kwa Zulu Natal
city: Ladysmith
country: South Africa
facility: Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic CRS
state: Kwa Zulu Natal
city: Verulam
country: South Africa
facility: Verulam CRS
state: Kwa Zulu Natal
city: Klerksdorp
country: South Africa
facility: Aurum Institute Klerksdorp CRS
state: North West Province
city: Rustenburg
country: South Africa
facility: Rustenburg CRS
state: North West Province
city: Cape Town
country: South Africa
facility: Emavundleni CRS
state: Western Cape
city: Cape Town
country: South Africa
facility: Khayelitsha CRS
state: Western Cape
Study officials:
affiliation: Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital
name: Glenda Gray, MD
role: STUDY_CHAIR
References:
citation: Gray GE, Bekker LG, Laher F, Malahleha M, Allen M, Moodie Z, Grunenberg N, Huang Y, Grove D, Prigmore B, Kee JJ, Benkeser D, Hural J, Innes C, Lazarus E, Meintjes G, Naicker N, Kalonji D, Nchabeleng M, Sebe M, Singh N, Kotze P, Kassim S, Dubula T, Naicker V, Brumskine W, Ncayiya CN, Ward AM, Garrett N, Kistnasami G, Gaffoor Z, Selepe P, Makhoba PB, Mathebula MP, Mda P, Adonis T, Mapetla KS, Modibedi B, Philip T, Kobane G, Bentley C, Ramirez S, Takuva S, Jones M, Sikhosana M, Atujuna M, Andrasik M, Hejazi NS, Puren A, Wiesner L, Phogat S, Diaz Granados C, Koutsoukos M, Van Der Meeren O, Barnett SW, Kanesa-Thasan N, Kublin JG, McElrath MJ, Gilbert PB, Janes H, Corey L; HVTN 702 Study Team. Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent Subtype C gp120-MF59 in Adults. N Engl J Med. 2021 Mar 25;384(12):1089-1100. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2031499.
citation: Moodie Z, Dintwe O, Sawant S, Grove D, Huang Y, Janes H, Heptinstall J, Omar FL, Cohen K, De Rosa SC, Zhang L, Yates NL, Sarzotti-Kelsoe M, Seaton KE, Laher F, Bekker LG, Malahleha M, Innes C, Kassim S, Naicker N, Govender V, Sebe M, Singh N, Kotze P, Lazarus E, Nchabeleng M, Ward AM, Brumskine W, Dubula T, Randhawa AK, Grunenberg N, Hural J, Kee JJ, Benkeser D, Jin Y, Carpp LN, Allen M, D'Souza P, Tartaglia J, DiazGranados CA, Koutsoukos M, Gilbert PB, Kublin JG, Corey L, Andersen-Nissen E, Gray GE, Tomaras GD, McElrath MJ. Analysis of the HIV Vaccine Trials Network 702 Phase 2b-3 HIV-1 Vaccine Trial in South Africa Assessing RV144 Antibody and T-Cell Correlates of HIV-1 Acquisition Risk. J Infect Dis. 2022 Aug 24;226(2):246-257. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac260.
citation: Hanass-Hancock J, Carpenter B, Reddy T, Nzuza A, Gaffoor Z, Goga A, Andrasik M. Participants' characteristics and motivations to screen for HIV vaccine and monoclonal antibody trials in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Trials. 2021 Dec 11;22(1):897. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05792-7.