Clinical trial NCT00915798: Association Between Smoking, Brain Activity, Genes, and ADHD
Official title: Smoking, Neurocircuitry and Genes in Adult ADHD
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Smoking
Withdrawal Nicotine
ADHD
Lead sponsor: University of California, Irvine
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
First posted: 2009-06-08
Enrollment: 89
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 45
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Commuity sample

Brief summary: The study investigated the underlying mechanisms of smoking in young adults by examining the associations between smoking, brain activity, dopamine genes, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Detailed description: The study investigated the underlying mechanisms of smoking in young adults by examining the associations between smoking, brain activity, dopamine genes, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Four groups of young adults were recruited: (1) smokers with ADHD; (2) nonsmokers with ADHD; (3) normative control smokers; and (4) normative control nonsmokers. Smoking was assessed via questionnaires and salivary cotinine levels. Brain activity was examined via functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Each nonsmoker underwent an fMRI scan during an experimental task consisting of mathematical problems. Smokers underwent two fMRI scans during similar experimental tasks under the following two conditions: (1) after smoking a cigarette and (2) after overnight abstinence. The association between the DRD4-7 repeat allele and smoking was explored.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Smokers with ADHD

   * Cigarette smoking for the last year
   * ADHD diagnosis
2. Nonsmokers with ADHD

   * No history of regularly smoking cigarettes
   * ADHD diagnosis
3. Normative control smokers

   * Cigarette smoking for the last year
   * No history and diagnosis of ADHD
4. Normative control nonsmokers

   * No history of regularly smoking cigarettes
   * No history and diagnosis of ADHD

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children under the age of 18
* Adults above the age of 45
* Pregnancy or planning to become pregnant
* Any major medical illness
* Any mental disorders that require medication (except stimulant medication)
* Any contraindications to fMRI scanning
* Not speaking English

Primary outcomes:
measure: Brain Activity
timeFrame: One MRI session for nonsmokers and two MRI sessions for smokers
Secondary outcomes:
measure: DRD4 Genotype
timeFrame: one time blood draw
measure: Salivary Cotinine
timeFrame: Once per week for 4 weeks
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Santa Ana
country: United States
facility: 2500 Red Hill Avenue
state: California
Study officials:
affiliation: University of California, Irvine
name: Jean-G. Gehricke, Ph.D., M.A.
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Gehricke JG, Swanson JM, Duong S, Nguyen J, Wigal TL, Fallon J, Caburian C, Muftuler LT, Moyzis RK. Increased brain activity to unpleasant stimuli in individuals with the 7R allele of the DRD4 gene. Psychiatry Res. 2015 Jan 30;231(1):58-63. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.10.021. Epub 2014 Nov 4.
citation: Gehricke JG, Gevorkian J, Stehli A, Alejo SD, Dawson M, Kopelevich A. Discrepancies in the Validity of Self-Reported Cigarette Smoking in Adults With and Without ADHD. J Dual Diagn. 2019 Jul-Sep;15(3):177-183. doi: 10.1080/15504263.2019.1620399. Epub 2019 Jun 3.