Clinical trial NCT05729854: The Effect of Acupressure on Shoulder Pain and Breastfeeding Self-efficacy
Official title: The Effect of Acupressure on Shoulder Pain and Breastfeeding Self-efficacy
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: NA
Conditions: Shoulder Pain
Keywords: cesarean
shoulder pain
acupressure
breast-feeding
Midwifery
Lead sponsor: Agri Ibrahim Cecen University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2023-02-15
Enrollment: 90
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 45
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Intervention model description: experimental and control group
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: In this study, for the first time in our country, acupressure will be examined on post-cesarean shoulder pain and breastfeeding self-efficacy by using a combination of shoulder (GB21), hand (LI4) and leg (ST36) points and applying acupressure as repeated sessions.

Detailed description: After a cesarean delivery, pain causes patient dissatisfaction, impaired recovery, longer hospital stays, and delayed return to normal activities. The incidence of pain in the shoulder is high after surgery on the abdomen and its organs (visceral surgery). It has an incidence of 97% in thoracotomy, 71.4% in laparoscopy, and 40% in women who underwent cesarean section. Many studies in the review of shoulder pain after surgical procedures for the abdomen and its organs blame the phrenic nerve for transmission of shoulder pain and consider it a referred pain. Effective management of pain after childbirth will enable a woman to focus on early maternal duties and reduce the risk of persistent pain and depression.7 Pain interferes with babysitting and other activities of daily living. Therefore, postpartum pain management is critical to successful breastfeeding. Limited mobility after cesarean section may prevent the baby from taking an adequate position at the breast, and pain may inhibit the let-down reflex. Non-pharmacological treatments are useful because they are simple, effective and economical, reduce opioid consumption and increase patient satisfaction. Acupressure is a hand-mediated energy healing technique. Acupressure as a whole is a manually operated, needle-free, non-invasive, cost-effective and non-pharmacological healing intervention to improve patients' well-being. While the emergence of positive situations such as excitement or satisfaction increases breastfeeding self-efficacy; Negative states such as pain, fatigue, anxiety or stress reduce the perception of breastfeeding self-efficacy. Since the mother is in both the postpartum and postoperative period after the cesarean section, pain management is provided in the safest way for the mother and the baby; Supporting pharmacological treatment with non-pharmacological applications has an important place in midwifery care. This study is unique in that it is the first time in our country to examine acupressure on shoulder pain and breastfeeding self-efficacy after cesarean section by using a combination of shoulder (GB21), hand (LI4) and leg (ST36) points and applying acupressure as repeated sessions.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria

* Those whose pain intensity is 45 mm or more according to the Vision Analogue Scale (VAS),
* Those who are disturbing and above according to the verbal category scale (SCS),
* Cesarean delivery by applying spinal anesthesia,
* who has an outdated, single and healthy newborn,
* 37-40 weeks of gestation,
* Between 18 and 45 years old,
* No fractures or dislocations in the shoulder,
* The absence of chronic pain in the shoulder,
* No history of trauma on the shoulder,
* No systemic and chronic diseases,
* No communication problems
* Women who agree to participate in the study will be sampled.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cesarean delivery with general anesthesia
* Shoulder pain before cesarean section,
* Those who develop any complications related to the mother and the baby in the postpartum period (bleeding, hypertension, babies taken to the neonatal intensive care unit, etc.),
* Have a body mass index above 25 kg/m2,
* Have previous acupressure experience,
* Patients who consume caffeine (tea, coffee, chocolate...),
* If necessary, patients who underwent analgesia will not be included in the study.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Visual Comparison Scale (Visual Analog Scale (VAS))
timeFrame: one day
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Verbal Category Scale (SCS)
timeFrame: one day
measure: BREASTFEEDING SELF-EFFICACY SCALE SHORT FORM
timeFrame: one day
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
affiliation: kturkben@agri.edu.tr
name: Kübra Türkben
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: