Clinical trial NCT01661985: Time to Eradication of Mycoplasma Genitalium and Chlamydia Trachomatis After Treatment Commenced
Official title: Study of Time to Eradication of Mycoplasma Genitalium and Chlamydia Trachomatis After Antibiotic Treatment
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: PHASE4
Conditions: Urethritis
Cervicitis
Genital Mycoplasma Infection
Chlamydia Trachomatis
Keywords: Mycoplasma genitalium
Chlamydia trachomatis
Treatment
Antibiotic resistance
Lead sponsor: Ostergotland County Council, Sweden
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Statens Serum Institut
First posted: 2012-08-10
Enrollment: 160
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The purpose of this on-going study is to study the number of days after antibiotic treatment has commenced (due to infection caused by the sexually transmitted bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Mycoplasma genitalium(Mg)) it takes to be cured i.e to get a negative test result. The specimens are analyzed on first-catch-urine (men) or patient's self-obtained vaginal sample with quantitive nucleic acid amplification test(NAAT). A secondary aim is to detect macrolide resistant Mg-strains and study whether there are any emerging macrolide resistant Mg-strains after treatment with azithromycin. A third aim is to study whether the participating subjects are adherent to the study protocol meaning 12 samples taken during a period of four weeks.

Detailed description: Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg), detected in 1980, causes a urogenital infection through sexual transmission. In contrast to Chlamydia trachomatis antibiotic resistance is common against tetracyclines and is emerging against macrolides such as azithromycin. Both antibiotics are recommended as the first line treatment of chlamydia infection. Recent published data, however, indicate that 1g azithromycin stat may be only bacteriostatic when treating chlamydia.

The consensus to date is that there should always be a test of cure in pregnant women having been treated for chlamydia and in all individuals treated for Mg.

There are no studies published, to our knowledge, where the time to eradication after antibiotic treatment commenced in Mg infection has been evaluated. The first line treatment of a confirmed Mg infection is azithromycin 1.5 g given during a period of 5 days. If macrolide resistance is plausible or confirmed moxifloxacin 400mg for 7 to 10 days is recommended.

Individuals with symptomatic urethritis or cervicitis and/or being sexual partners to individuals being treated for a suspect or confirmed Mg or CT infection were eligible. The study subjects were patients attending either of the STD-clinics in Norrköping or Västervik, Sweden. All samples were sent to Statens Serum Institut(SSI), Mycoplasma department (Jorgen Skov Jensen) for analysis.

Patients accepting enrolment with a confirmed or highly suspected Mg were receiving azithromycin 500 mg the first day and 250mg the following four days.

Patients where macrolide resistant Mg-strain infection was highly suspected received moxifloxacin 400 mg once daily for seven days.

Those subjects intended to treatment but with a lower degree of suspicion of Mg infection were randomized to either a treatment with doxycycline 200 mg the first day and 100 mg once daily the following nine days (the custom and recommendation in Sweden for treatment of chlamydia and non-specific urethritis or cervicitis) OR a treatment with azithromycin 1g as a single dose.

All participants were given test kits for 12 samples, which were to be sampled three times weekly (every second day) during four weeks starting the day after the first day of treatment. They were instructed not to have any sexual intercourse during the first week and with condom afterwards during the study period. The samples were to be sent once weekly (three samples)to SSI.The date of sampling was to be noted on the label of the tube and the attaching paper to SSI, where also any symptoms were to be noted. The results of the tests were sent to the STD-clinic who informed the patient.

The study started in February 2010 and inclusion of patients have ended for those subjects with a verified M genitalium infection (February 2014), whereas patients with a verified or suspected chlamydia infection still are enrolled and randomised to azithromycin 1 g or doxycycline. A manuscript will soon be submitted concerning those subjects being treated for a M genitalium infection.

To date 190 patients have been enrolled and also fulfilled the study protocol with sampling of specimens.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Individuals attending the STD-clinic and being a sexual partner who has received an antibiotic treatment due to a non-specific urethritis/cervicitis or a confirmed Mycoplasma genitalium/Chlamydia trachomatis infection OR Having a confirmed infection described above or a symptomatic urethritis or cervicitis (non-gonorrhoic)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Allergy against any of the drugs, woman being pregnant or breast feeding, Not speaking or understanding Swedish fluently. Other medication with possible interaction to given treatment

Primary outcomes:
measure: Time from treatment starts to date of first negative test result is achieved up to 30 days.
timeFrame: From first day of treatment to date of first negative test up to 30 days per subject
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Number of patients with emerging or existing macrolide resistance against Mycoplasma genitalium during or after treatment with azithromycin
timeFrame: One month after treatment has started
Other outcomes:
measure: Number or rate of patients adherent regarding sampling according to the protocol
timeFrame: One month after starting sampling
Locations:
city: Linköping
country: Sweden
facility: R&D dept of Local Health Care, Östergötland county council
Study officials:
affiliation: Dept of Derm&Venereology Linköping University hospital
name: Lars Falk, MD PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Falk L, Enger M, Jensen JS. Time to eradication of Mycoplasma genitalium after antibiotic treatment in men and women. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015 Nov;70(11):3134-40. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkv246. Epub 2015 Aug 17.