Clinical trial NCT02049411: Ketamine and Changes of the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire
Official title: Changes of the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ-E) After Ketamine Administration on Ophthalmic Surgery in Geriatric Population.
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction
Keywords: Ketamine
acute cognitive dysfunction
geriatric patients
Lead sponsor: Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
Sponsor class: OTHER_GOV
Collaborators: name: National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico
First posted: 2014-01-30
Enrollment: 80
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 60
Maximum age (years): 85
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Brief summary: - Cognitive changes are related to aging, affecting the performance of older patients in the solution of problems and the execution of tasks.

This phenomenon has been observed as a decline of neurophysiological domains, especially memory, and the velocity of thought.

* Anesthesia and surgery performed contributes to its development then, is named post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). The incidence varies due to conditions of:

  1. Anesthesia and surgery.
  2. The time elapsed after surgery.
  3. The population studied, and the type of cognitive test employed.
* The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes around the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ-E) after ketamine administration on ophthalmic surgery on the common conditions of geriatric patients, -comorbid and settings as minor surgery-.

Detailed description: Participants will be patients programmed for a vitrectomy or cataract surgery involving a retrobulbar block, to be carried out with a local anesthesia.

- Administration of ketamine will be suspended during the study for any cause considered as a risk to the patient according to the judgment of the researchers.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients be over 60 years and older.
* Intraocular pressure less than 20 millimeter of mercury.
* American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification, I-III.

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of psychosis or schizophrenia.
* Nephropathy.
* Difficult to control hypertension.
* Uncontrolled hepatic disorders.
* Allergy to ketamine.
* Moderate to severe depression.
* Post-operative delirium.
* Needed to use medications other than those contemplated in the study.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Change from baseline to postoperative endpoint error scores on the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) in both groups
timeFrame: Baseline, 2 hours after surgery
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Change in Hemodynamic measures
timeFrame: Baseline, after Retrobulbar block , 90 minutes into surgery.
measure: Change in respiratory rate measures
timeFrame: Baseline, after Retrobulbar block , 90 minutes into surgery.
measure: Changes in oxygen saturation measures
timeFrame: Baseline, after Retrobulbar block , 90 minutes into surgery.
measure: Change in Ramsey Sedation Scale
timeFrame: Baseline, after retrobulbar block, 90 minutes into surgery
measure: Change on intraocular pressure measures
timeFrame: Baseline (previous Retrobulbar block), end of surgery.
measure: Analgesia
timeFrame: Changes in analgesia after regional anaesthesia (retrobulbar block). Changes in analgesia over 30 minutes after surgery.
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Mexico
country: Mexico
facility: Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI. UMAE Hospital de Especialidades
state: Distrito Federal
Study officials:
affiliation: Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
name: Dulce M. Rascon, M.D
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Instituto Politecnico Nacional
name: Maria E. Ocharan, PhD.
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria
name: Ana Fresan, PhD.
role: STUDY_CHAIR
affiliation: Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
name: Jorge H. Genis, Geriatrician
role: STUDY_CHAIR
affiliation: Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
name: Antonio Castellanos, M.D.
role: STUDY_CHAIR
References:
citation: Tolep K, Higgins N, Muza S, Criner G, Kelsen SG. Comparison of diaphragm strength between healthy adult elderly and young men. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Aug;152(2):677-82. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.152.2.7633725.
citation: Phillips-Bute B, Mathew JP, Blumenthal JA, Grocott HP, Laskowitz DT, Jones RH, Mark DB, Newman MF. Association of neurocognitive function and quality of life 1 year after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Psychosom Med. 2006 May-Jun;68(3):369-75. doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000221272.77984.e2.
citation: Jones MJ, Piggott SE, Vaughan RS, Bayer AJ, Newcombe RG, Twining TC, Pathy J, Rosen M. Cognitive and functional competence after anaesthesia in patients aged over 60: controlled trial of general and regional anaesthesia for elective hip or knee replacement. BMJ. 1990 Jun 30;300(6741):1683-7. doi: 10.1136/bmj.300.6741.1683.
citation: Tsai TL, Sands LP, Leung JM. An Update on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. Adv Anesth. 2010;28(1):269-284. doi: 10.1016/j.aan.2010.09.003. No abstract available.
citation: Caba F, Echevarria M, Cruz A, Rodriguez E, Llamas JM, Martinez MD, Rodriguez R. [Postoperative mental confusion in the elderly with hip fracture. Perioperative risk factors]. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 1994 Sep-Oct;41(5):255-61. Spanish.
citation: Malouf R, Areosa Sastre A. Vitamin B12 for cognition. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(3):CD004326. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004326.
citation: Balk EM, Raman G, Tatsioni A, Chung M, Lau J, Rosenberg IH. Vitamin B6, B12, and folic acid supplementation and cognitive function: a systematic review of randomized trials. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Jan 8;167(1):21-30. doi: 10.1001/archinte.167.1.21.
citation: Hudetz JA, Pagel PS. Neuroprotection by ketamine: a review of the experimental and clinical evidence. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2010 Feb;24(1):131-42. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2009.05.008. Epub 2009 Jul 29. No abstract available.
citation: Faden AI, Demediuk P, Panter SS, Vink R. The role of excitatory amino acids and NMDA receptors in traumatic brain injury. Science. 1989 May 19;244(4906):798-800. doi: 10.1126/science.2567056.
citation: Hartvig P, Valtysson J, Lindner KJ, Kristensen J, Karlsten R, Gustafsson LL, Persson J, Svensson JO, Oye I, Antoni G, et al. Central nervous system effects of subdissociative doses of (S)-ketamine are related to plasma and brain concentrations measured with positron emission tomography in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1995 Aug;58(2):165-73. doi: 10.1016/0009-9236(95)90194-9.
citation: Pfeiffer E. A short portable mental status questionnaire for the assessment of organic brain deficit in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1975 Oct;23(10):433-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1975.tb00927.x.
citation: Gonzalez Montalvo J I; Rodriguez L; Ruiperez I. Validacion del cuestionario de Pfeiffer y la escala de incapacidad mental de la cruz roja en la deteccion del deterioro mental en los pacientes externos de un servicio de Geriatria. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología. 1991, 27 (3): 129-133.
citation: Attix Deborah K, Welsh-Bohmer Kathleen A: Geriatric Neuropsychology: assessment and intervention. Guilford Press, 2006.
citation: Hudetz JA, Iqbal Z, Gandhi SD, Patterson KM, Byrne AJ, Hudetz AG, Pagel PS, Warltier DC. Ketamine attenuates post-operative cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2009 Aug;53(7):864-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.01978.x. Epub 2009 Apr 28.
citation: Moller JT, Cluitmans P, Rasmussen LS, Houx P, Rasmussen H, Canet J, Rabbitt P, Jolles J, Larsen K, Hanning CD, Langeron O, Johnson T, Lauven PM, Kristensen PA, Biedler A, van Beem H, Fraidakis O, Silverstein JH, Beneken JE, Gravenstein JS. Long-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly ISPOCD1 study. ISPOCD investigators. International Study of Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction. Lancet. 1998 Mar 21;351(9106):857-61. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(97)07382-0.
citation: Malhotra AK, Pinals DA, Weingartner H, Sirocco K, Missar CD, Pickar D, Breier A. NMDA receptor function and human cognition: the effects of ketamine in healthy volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1996 May;14(5):301-7. doi: 10.1016/0893-133X(95)00137-3.
citation: Krystal JH, Karper LP, Seibyl JP, Freeman GK, Delaney R, Bremner JD, Heninger GR, Bowers MB Jr, Charney DS. Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994 Mar;51(3):199-214. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950030035004.
citation: Roytblat L, Talmor D, Rachinsky M, Greemberg L, Pekar A, Appelbaum A, Gurman GM, Shapira Y, Duvdenani A. Ketamine attenuates the interleukin-6 response after cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg. 1998 Aug;87(2):266-71. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199808000-00006.
citation: Bartoc C, Frumento RJ, Jalbout M, Bennett-Guerrero E, Du E, Nishanian E. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessing the anti-inflammatory effects of ketamine in cardiac surgical patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2006 Apr;20(2):217-22. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2005.12.005. Epub 2006 Mar 9.
citation: Vollenweider FX, Leenders KL, Oye I, Hell D, Angst J. Differential psychopathology and patterns of cerebral glucose utilisation produced by (S)- and (R)-ketamine in healthy volunteers using positron emission tomography (PET). Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 1997 Feb;7(1):25-38. doi: 10.1016/s0924-977x(96)00042-9.
citation: Holcomb HH, Lahti AC, Medoff DR, Weiler M, Tamminga CA. Sequential regional cerebral blood flow brain scans using PET with H2(15)O demonstrate ketamine actions in CNS dynamically. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001 Aug;25(2):165-72. doi: 10.1016/S0893-133X(01)00229-9.
citation: Lahti AC, Koffel B, LaPorte D, Tamminga CA. Subanesthetic doses of ketamine stimulate psychosis in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1995 Aug;13(1):9-19. doi: 10.1016/0893-133X(94)00131-I.
citation: Takeshita H, Okuda Y, Sari A. The effects of ketamine on cerebral circulation and metabolism in man. Anesthesiology. 1972 Jan;36(1):69-75. doi: 10.1097/00000542-197201000-00013. No abstract available.
citation: O'Neill LA, Kaltschmidt C. NF-kappa B: a crucial transcription factor for glial and neuronal cell function. Trends Neurosci. 1997 Jun;20(6):252-8. doi: 10.1016/s0166-2236(96)01035-1.
citation: Shen C, Nettleton D, Jiang M, Kim SK, Powell-Coffman JA. Roles of the HIF-1 hypoxia-inducible factor during hypoxia response in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biol Chem. 2005 May 27;280(21):20580-8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M501894200. Epub 2005 Mar 21.
citation: Sakai T, Ichiyama T, Whitten CW, Giesecke AH, Lipton JM. Ketamine suppresses endotoxin-induced NF-kappaB expression. Can J Anaesth. 2000 Oct;47(10):1019-24. doi: 10.1007/BF03024876.
citation: Baldwin AS Jr. The NF-kappa B and I kappa B proteins: new discoveries and insights. Annu Rev Immunol. 1996;14:649-83. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.649.
citation: Kochs E, Werner C, Hoffman WE, Mollenberg O, Schulte am Esch J. Concurrent increases in brain electrical activity and intracranial blood flow velocity during low-dose ketamine anaesthesia. Can J Anaesth. 1991 Oct;38(7):826-30. doi: 10.1007/BF03036955.
citation: Langsjo JW, Kaisti KK, Aalto S, Hinkka S, Aantaa R, Oikonen V, Sipila H, Kurki T, Silvanto M, Scheinin H. Effects of subanesthetic doses of ketamine on regional cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption, and blood volume in humans. Anesthesiology. 2003 Sep;99(3):614-23. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200309000-00016.
citation: Berman RM, Cappiello A, Anand A, Oren DA, Heninger GR, Charney DS, Krystal JH. Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients. Biol Psychiatry. 2000 Feb 15;47(4):351-4. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00230-9.
citation: Kudoh A, Takahira Y, Katagai H, Takazawa T. Small-dose ketamine improves the postoperative state of depressed patients. Anesth Analg. 2002 Jul;95(1):114-8, table of contents. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200207000-00020.
citation: Sadove MS, Shulman M, Hatano S, Fevold N. Analgesic effects of ketamine administered in subdissociative doses. Anesth Analg. 1971 May-Jun;50(3):452-7. No abstract available.
citation: Bell RF. Ketamine for chronic non-cancer pain. Pain. 2009 Feb;141(3):210-214. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.12.003. Epub 2009 Jan 6. No abstract available.
citation: Vlaeyen JWS, Linton SJ. Are we "fear-avoidant"? Pain. 2006 Oct;124(3):240-241. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.06.031. Epub 2006 Aug 9. No abstract available.
citation: Loots H, Wiseman R. Ophthalmic anaesthesia, agents for sedation in ophthalmic surgery: A review of the pharmacodynamics and clinical applications. Current Anaesthesia& Critical Care (2006) 17, 179-190
citation: Frey K, Sukhani R, Pawlowski J, Pappas AL, Mikat-Stevens M, Slogoff S. Propofol versus propofol-ketamine sedation for retrobulbar nerve block: comparison of sedation quality, intraocular pressure changes, and recovery profiles. Anesth Analg. 1999 Aug;89(2):317-21. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199908000-00013.
citation: Santiveri X, Molto L, Rodriguez C, Sandin F, Vilaplana J, Castillo J. [Sedation and analgesia with propofol plus low-dose ketamine for retrobulbar block]. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2006 Nov;53(9):545-9. Spanish.
citation: Moorthy SS, Valluri S, Cummings L. Retrobulbar anesthesia. Ophthalmology. 2002 Jan;109(1):5-6. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(01)00911-3. No abstract available.
citation: Slogoff S, Allen GW, Wessels JV, Cheney DH. Clinical experience with subanesthetic ketamine. Anesth Analg. 1974 May-Jun;53(3):354-8. No abstract available.