Clinical trial NCT05419011: Testing a Combination of Vaccines for Cancer Prevention in Lynch Syndrome
Official title: A Phase IIB Clinical Trial of the Multitargeted Recombinant Adenovirus 5 (CEA/MUC1/Brachyury) Vaccines (TRI-AD5) and IL-15 Superagonist N-803 in Lynch Syndrome
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Colorectal Carcinoma
Colorectal Neoplasm
Lynch Syndrome
Lead sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Sponsor class: NIH
First posted: 2022-06-15
Enrollment: 186
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: This phase IIb trial tests whether Tri-Ad5 in combination with N-803 works to prevent colon and other cancers in participants with Lynch syndrome. Each of the three injections in Tri-Ad5 vaccine contain a different substance that is in precancer and cancer cells. Injecting these substances may cause the immune system to develop a defense against cancer that recognizes and destroys any precancer and cancer cells that produce these proteins in the future. N-803 may increase immune responses to other vaccines. Giving Tri-Ad5 in combination with immune enhancing N-803 may lower the chance of developing colon and other cancers in participants with Lynch syndrome.

Detailed description: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To evaluate if the combination of trivalent adenovirus-5 (Tri-Ad5) vaccines and IL-15 superagonist nogapendekin alfa inbakicept (N-803) reduces the incidence of colorectal neoplasms in patients with Lynch syndrome (LS).

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To evaluate the safety and tolerability of the Tri-Ad5 vaccines + N-803 in combination.

II. To correlate clinical factors such as use of aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), smoking and alcohol intake with immune responses.

III. To evaluate the effect of Tri-Ad5 vaccines on the incidence of LS-related extracolonic cancers.

IV. To systematically measure the participants' behavior and experience in terms of vaccine uptake, cancer-specific distress and quality of life.

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine the ability of the Tri-Ad5 vaccines + N-803 to generate a 2-fold increase in T cell responses (cell-mediated immunity) at week 12 (early immune response) and at week 56 (long-term memory response).

II. To evaluate circulating anti-MUC1 IgG (antibody-mediated immunity) after Tri-Ad5 vaccines + N-803.

III. To compare the expression of the three tumor associated antigen (TAAs): MUC1, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and brachyury in colorectal neoplasms before and after Tri-Ad5 vaccines + N-803.

IV. To evaluate changes in the immune profile and abundance of resident immune cell types in colonic mucosa after vaccination with Tri-Ad5 vaccines + N-803 using messenger ribonucleic acid sequencing (mRNAseq) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).

V. To test the effects of the vaccines alone or in combination with N-803 on specific immune subsets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum soluble factors and cytokines.

VI. To compare the expression of stem cell markers in colorectal neoplasms before and after Tri-Ad5 vaccines + N-803.

VII. To compare the number of mismatch repair deficient (MMR-deficient) crypts at baseline to the number of MMR-deficient crypts at the one year post-vaccination colonoscopy both overall and on a per patient basis.

OUTLINE:

SAFETY PHASE I: Participants receive Tri-Ad5 subcutaneously (SC) at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 52. Participants also undergo standard of care (SOC) colonoscopy with biopsy at baseline, at 52 weeks and 104 weeks.

SAFETY PHASE II: Participants receive Tri-Ad5 SC and N-803 SC at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 52. Participants also undergo SOC colonoscopy with biopsy at baseline, 52 weeks and 104 weeks.

RANDOMIZED CONTROL PHASE: Participants are randomized into 1 of two arms.

ARM I: Participants receive Tri-Ad5 SC and N-803 SC at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 52. Participants also undergo SOC colonoscopy with biopsy at baseline and at 52 and 104 weeks.

ARM II: Participants receive placebo SC at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 52. Participants also undergo SOC colonoscopy with biopsy at baseline and at 52 and 104 weeks.

Participants undergo blood sample collection throughout the study.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants with LS defined as one of the following:

  * Mutation positive: MLH1, MSH2/EPCAM and MSH6 genotypes with prior history of ≥1 colorectal neoplasms\*\* (tubular or tubulovillous adenoma\[s\] or sessile serrated polyps/adenomas/lesion\[s\] or traditional serrated adenoma\[s\]), and/or colorectal cancer\[s\] (but no active cancer for 6 months) OR
  * PMS2 genotype with prior history of colon cancer(s) (but no active cancer for 6 months)

    * Note: Should be confirmed by pathology report or letter from endoscopist to participant
* Participants must have at least part of the descending/sigmoid colon and/or rectum intact
* Participants must be at least 6 months from any cancer-directed treatment (such as surgical resection, chemotherapy, immunotherapy or radiation). Ongoing adjuvant endocrine therapy is allowed
* Participants \>= 18 years will be enrolled. Because the risk of LS related cancers is very low in participants \< 18 years of age, children and adolescents are excluded from this study
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =\< 1 (Karnofsky \>= 70%)
* Leukocytes \>= 3,000/microliter
* Absolute neutrophil count \>= 1,500/microliter
* Platelets \>= 100,000/microliter
* Total bilirubin =\< institutional upper limit of normal

  * Note: Higher bilirubin levels (\<= 3 mg/dL) can be allowed if due to a known benign liver condition, i.e. Gilbert's
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase \[SGOT\])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase \[SGPT\]) =\< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal
* Creatinine =\< institutional upper limit of normal or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \>= 60 ml/min/1.73m\^2
* The effects of the Tri-Ad5 vaccines and N-803 on the developing human fetus at the recommended therapeutic dose are unknown. For this reason, women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her study physician immediately
* Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document
* Participants must be willing and able to space coronavirus disease (COVID) vaccines at least 2 weeks prior to and 2 weeks after receipt of study agent

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of organ allograft or other history of immunodeficiency
* Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with CD4 count \< 540, hepatitis B virus (HBV), or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Subjects with laboratory evidence of cleared HBV and HCV infection will be permitted. Poorly controlled HIV may prevent an adequate immune response to the vaccine and will be an exclusion criterion
* Subjects requiring systemic treatment with corticosteroids (\> 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents) or other immunosuppressive medications within 3 months of vaccination
* Participants may not be receiving any other investigational agents
* History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to adenovirus-based vaccines and N-803
* Uncontrolled intercurrent illness or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
* Pregnant women are excluded from this study because of the unknown effects of the vaccine and N-803 on the fetus. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events (AEs) in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with the vaccine plus N-803, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with the vaccine plus N-803
* History of untreated thrombotic disorders
* Participants who experienced severe side effects or allergic reactions to previous adenovirus-based vaccines (such as Johnson and Johnson COVID vaccine) will be excluded
* History of atrial fibrillation

Primary outcomes:
measure: Cumulative incidence rate of the composite endpoint of adenomas (tubular, tubulovillous and serrated), advanced adenomas and colon cancer
timeFrame: At 104 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Incidence of adverse events
timeFrame: Up to 104 weeks
measure: Association of clinical factors with immune responses
timeFrame: At 104 weeks
measure: Incidence of extracolonic neoplasms
timeFrame: At 104 weeks
measure: Participants' behavior and experience
timeFrame: At baseline, 12 weeks and 52 weeks
Other outcomes:
measure: T cell responses (cell-mediated immunity)
timeFrame: At baseline, 12 weeks, and 56 weeks
measure: Circulating anti-MUC1 IgG (antibody-mediated immunity)
timeFrame: At baseline, 52 weeks, and 104 weeks
measure: Differential expression analyses
timeFrame: At baseline, 52 weeks, and 104 weeks
measure: Immune cell gene enrichment analysis
timeFrame: At baseline, 52 weeks, and 104 weeks
measure: Immune subsets of peripheral blood mononuclear cell and serum soluble factors and cytokine
timeFrame: At baseline, 52 weeks, and 104 weeks
measure: Expression of stem cell markers
timeFrame: At baseline, 52 weeks, and 104 weeks
measure: Number of mismatch repair deficient (MMR)-deficient crypts
timeFrame: At baseline and 1 year post-vaccination colonoscopy
Locations:
city: Phoenix
country: United States
facility: Mayo Clinic Hospital in Arizona
state: Arizona
city: Tucson
country: United States
facility: University of Arizona Cancer Center - Prevention Research Clinic
state: Arizona
city: Duarte
country: United States
facility: City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center
state: California
city: San Francisco
country: United States
facility: UCSF Medical Center-Parnassus
state: California
city: Denver
country: United States
facility: University of Colorado
state: Colorado
city: Chicago
country: United States
facility: Northwestern University
state: Illinois
city: Chicago
country: United States
facility: University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center
state: Illinois
city: Kansas City
country: United States
facility: University of Kansas Cancer Center
state: Kansas
city: Boston
country: United States
facility: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
state: Massachusetts
city: Ann Arbor
country: United States
facility: University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center
state: Michigan
city: Rochester
country: United States
facility: Mayo Clinic in Rochester
state: Minnesota
city: Cleveland
country: United States
facility: Cleveland Clinic Foundation
state: Ohio
city: Columbus
country: United States
facility: Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
state: Ohio
city: Philadelphia
country: United States
facility: Fox Chase Cancer Center
state: Pennsylvania
city: Houston
country: United States
facility: M D Anderson Cancer Center
state: Texas
city: San Juan
country: Puerto Rico
facility: University of Puerto Rico
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Kansas
name: Ajay Bansal
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: