Clinical trial NCT01638546: Temozolomide With or Without Veliparib in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Small Cell Lung Cancer
Official title: A Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind Phase II Study Comparing ABT-888, a PARP Inhibitor, Versus Placebo With Temozolomide in Patients With Relapsed Sensitive or Refractory Small Cell Lung Cancer
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Recurrent Lung Small Cell Carcinoma
Lead sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Sponsor class: NIH
First posted: 2012-07-11
Enrollment: 97
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: This randomized phase II trial studies how well temozolomide with or without veliparib works in treating patients with small cell lung cancer that has returned or does not respond to treatment. Temozolomide works by damaging molecules inside the cancer cells, such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), that are needed for cancer survival and growth. Veliparib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking proteins that are needed for repairing the damaged DNA and it may also help temozolomide to kill more cancer cells. It is not yet know whether temozolomide is more effective with or without veliparib in treating patients with relapsed or refractory small cell lung cancer.

Detailed description: PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To demonstrate an improvement in progression free survival (PFS) at four months in patients with relapsed sensitive or refractory small cell lung cancer (SCLC) receiving ABT-888 (veliparib) and temozolomide compared to placebo and temozolomide.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Determine the objective response rate (ORR) (based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors \[RECIST\] 1.1 criteria) in both arms of the study: ABT-888 and temozolomide and placebo and temozolomide.

II. Determine the overall survival (OS) of patients in both arms of the study. III. Determine the ORR, PFS and OS of ABT-888 and temozolomide and placebo and temozolomide, in the following patient groups: sensitive disease vs. refractory disease; second-line treatment vs. third-line treatment; brain metastases vs. no brain metastases.

IV. Determine the safety and tolerability of ABT-888 and temozolomide in patients with SCLC.

TERTIARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Evaluate available tumor samples for methylated O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter by the EpiTyper assay, as well as MGMT expression by immunohistochemistry and determine if these correlate with PFS, ORR, and OS.

II. Evaluate available tumor samples for poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1, breast cancer 1 (BRCA-1) and RAD51 recombinase (RAD51) expression by immunohistochemistry and determine if they correlate with PFS, ORR, and OS.

III. Evaluate available tumor samples for messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) BRCA-1 expression and determine if it correlates PFS, ORR, and OS.

IV. Evaluate available tumor samples for phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression by immunohistochemistry and determine if it correlates PFS, ORR, and OS.

V. Identify and enumerate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using the Cell Search System in these patients with SCLC at baseline and at the time of repeat imaging.

VI. Correlate the number of CTCs with PFS and OS at each time point. VII. Correlate the change in CTCs with radiographic response. VIII. Correlate the number of CTCs at baseline with patient characteristics (disease burden, location of metastases, progression at existing sites or new sites of disease).

IX. Evaluate gamma H2A histone family, member X (H2AX)-positive CTCs using the CellSearch.

X. Assess the percentage increase in DNA fragments during treatment and correlate with outcome in each of the treatment groups.

XI. Evaluate plasma markers for apoptosis and angiogenesis. XII. Assess changes in plasma markers for apoptosis and angiogenesis, including caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 fragment (M30), soluble cytokeratin 18 (M65), pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (pro-GRP), soluble vascular endothelial growth factor (sVEGF), sVEGF receptor 2 (sVEGFR2), and soluble v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (sKIT), and correlate these markers with outcome in the two treatment arms.

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.

ARM I: Patients receive veliparib orally (PO) twice daily (BID) on days 1-7 and temozolomide PO on days 1-5.

ARM II: Patients receive placebo PO BID on days 1-7 and temozolomide as in Arm I.

In both arms, courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 8-12 weeks.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed small cell lung cancer; confirmation will be done at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) or locally for participating sites
* Patients' disease has relapsed or progressed after one or two prior chemotherapy regimens, one of which must have been an etoposide-platinum doublet; eligible patients will be defined as follows:

  * "Sensitive" disease: patients who had one previous line of chemotherapy and maintained an appropriate response for \> 60 days
  * "Refractory" disease: those patients with either (a) no response to first-line chemotherapy or progression =\< 60 days after completing treatment, or (b) "sensitive" or "refractory" disease in need of third-line therapy (i.e. completed or failed two previous lines of chemotherapy)
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =\< 1 (Karnofsky \>= 70%)
* Patients with asymptomatic brain metastases that do not require immediate whole brain radiation therapy and are on stable doses of steroids are allowed
* Patients must have measurable disease, which is defined as at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least one dimension on a computed tomography (CT) scan as per RECIST version 1.1; brain metastases can be considered measurable disease if they meet this criterion
* Absolute neutrophil count \>= 1,500/mcL
* Platelets \>= 100,000/mcL
* Hemoglobin \>= 8.5 g/dL; the use of transfusion to achieve this criterion should be at the discretion of the investigators
* Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 mg/dL x institutional upper limit of normal
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase \[SGOT\])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase \[SGPT\]) =\< 3.0 x institutional upper limit of normal
* Creatinine =\< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal OR creatinine clearance \>= 50 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 for patients with creatinine levels \>= 1.5 x upper limit of institutional normal
* Women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation; should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately
* For women of child-bearing potential, negative pregnancy test within 14 days prior to starting temozolomide and ABT-888
* Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document
* Able to swallow pills
* Patients will not be excluded based on the diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); given the increased risk of infection, these patients should have cluster of differentiation (CD)4 counts above 200 cells/mm\^3; patients with AIDS or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) not receiving agents with the potential for pharmacokinetic interactions with ABT-888 may be eligible

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who have had chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 3 weeks prior to entering the study
* Patients who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents administered more than 3 weeks earlier; toxicities should have resolved to baseline or to within one grade level of their baseline (not to exceed grade 2)
* Patients who have been administered ABT-888, any other PARP-inhibitor, or temozolomide
* Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents
* Patients with leptomeningeal involvement
* Patients with active seizures or a history of seizures
* History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to ABT-888 or temozolomide
* Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
* Pregnant women are excluded from this study; breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with ABT-888; these potential risks also apply to temozolomide
* Patients with either AIDS or HIV on combination antiretroviral therapy are ineligible
* Patients with a synchronous active malignancy requiring treatment

Primary outcomes:
measure: Progression-free Survival, Calculated as the Proportion of Patients Alive and Without Evidence of Disease
timeFrame: From randomization to time of progression or death, whichever occurs first, assessed at 4 months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Overall Response (ORR) by RECIST 1.1 Criteria
timeFrame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed up to 4 months
measure: Overall Survival
timeFrame: From randomization to time of death
measure: Number of Participants With Adverse Events
timeFrame: From the start of treatment until 30 days from coming off treatment
Other outcomes:
measure: BRCA1 Expression, Assessed by Immunohistochemistry
timeFrame: Up to 5 years
measure: Changes in Plasma Markers
timeFrame: Baseline to up to 5 years
measure: GammaH2AX Levels
timeFrame: Up to 5 years
measure: MGMT Expression, Assessed by Immunohistochemistry
timeFrame: Up to 5 years
measure: Number of Circulating Tumor Cells
timeFrame: Up to 5 years
measure: PARP-1 Expression
timeFrame: Up to 5 years
measure: Presence of MGMT Promoter Methylation, Assessed by the EpiTyper Assay
timeFrame: Up to 5 years
measure: PTEN Expression, Assessed by Immunohistochemistry
timeFrame: Up to 5 years
measure: RAD51 Expression, Assessed by Immunohistochemistry
timeFrame: Up to 5 years
Locations:
city: Tampa
country: United States
facility: Moffitt Cancer Center
state: Florida
city: Atlanta
country: United States
facility: Emory University Hospital/Winship Cancer Institute
state: Georgia
city: Baltimore
country: United States
facility: Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center
state: Maryland
city: Baltimore
country: United States
facility: Johns Hopkins University/Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
state: Maryland
city: Saint Louis
country: United States
facility: Washington University School of Medicine
state: Missouri
city: Basking Ridge
country: United States
facility: Memorial Sloan Kettering Basking Ridge
state: New Jersey
city: Commack
country: United States
facility: Memorial Sloan Kettering Commack
state: New York
city: New York
country: United States
facility: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
state: New York
city: Sleepy Hollow
country: United States
facility: Memorial Sloan Kettering Sleepy Hollow
state: New York
city: Uniondale
country: United States
facility: Memorial Sloan Kettering Nassau
state: New York
city: Chapel Hill
country: United States
facility: UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
state: North Carolina
city: Cleveland
country: United States
facility: Case Western Reserve University
state: Ohio
city: Houston
country: United States
facility: M D Anderson Cancer Center
state: Texas
city: Richmond
country: United States
facility: Virginia Commonwealth University/Massey Cancer Center
state: Virginia
Study officials:
affiliation: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
name: Charles M Rudin
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Pietanza MC, Waqar SN, Krug LM, Dowlati A, Hann CL, Chiappori A, Owonikoko TK, Woo KM, Cardnell RJ, Fujimoto J, Long L, Diao L, Wang J, Bensman Y, Hurtado B, de Groot P, Sulman EP, Wistuba II, Chen A, Fleisher M, Heymach JV, Kris MG, Rudin CM, Byers LA. Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase II Study of Temozolomide in Combination With Either Veliparib or Placebo in Patients With Relapsed-Sensitive or Refractory Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Aug 10;36(23):2386-2394. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2018.77.7672. Epub 2018 Jun 15.