Clinical trial NCT06657209: Normal-weight Diabetes: Adipocyte-directed Therapy with Pioglitazone or Tirzepatide
Official title: Normal-weight Diabetes: Adipocyte-directed Therapy with Pioglitazone or Tirzepatide
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Phase: PHASE4
Conditions: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Lead sponsor: Stanford University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2024-10-24
Enrollment: 104
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 30
Maximum age (years): 70
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Intervention model description: Control group will undergo baseline testing to provide information about people without diabetes, but will not proceed with treatment.
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: This study is to investigate how adipocyte (fat cell) function and fat distribution differ between individuals with normal-weight type 2 diabetes (NWD) and normal-weight controls without diabetes (NWC). The study will assess whether adipocyte-directed therapies, specifically pioglitazone and tirzepatide, can improve insulin resistance, adipocyte function, and fat distribution in individuals with NWD. By analyzing the biological mechanisms underlying adipocyte dysfunction, the study aims to provide insights into novel treatment strategies for improving metabolic health in normal-weight individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Detailed description: The investigators aim to learn how adipocyte dysfunction and disordered fat distribution contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes in normal-weight individuals. The investigators hope to determine whether adipocyte-directed therapies, such as pioglitazone and tirzepatide, can improve insulin sensitivity, fat distribution, and metabolic health in this population. This study is important because most diabetes research focuses on overweight or obese individuals, and very little is known about how diabetes affects those with normal body weight. Understanding the unique biology of normal-weight diabetes could lead to more personalized and effective treatment strategies, filling a gap in diabetes care for a group that can be overlooked in clinical research.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

Normal-Weight Diabetes (NWD) Group:

1. Age: 30 to 70 years old.
2. Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D): Based on a previous diagnosis or confirmed by laboratory testing at screening (A1c \> 5.7% or fasting glucose \> 100 mg/dL).
3. HbA1c Range: Between 5.7% and 8%, with a stable medication or lifestyle regimen for at least 3 months.
4. BMI: Between 19 and 24.9 kg/m².
5. Diabetes Medications: All diabetes medications are allowed, except insulin and pioglitazone. GLP-1 receptor agonists are permitted if the dose has been stable for 3 months.
6. Stable Body Weight: Body weight must have been stable (no more than 2 kg change) over the last 3 months.

Normal-Weight Control (NWC) Group:

1. Age: 30 to 70 years old.
2. No Diagnosis of Diabetes: Fasting plasma glucose \< 100 mg/dL and A1c \< 5.7%, with no history of glucose-lowering medications.
3. BMI: Between 19 and 24.9 kg/m².
4. Stable Body Weight: No more than 2 kg change over the past 3 months. -

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnancy or Lactation: Women who are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding are excluded due to potential risks to the fetus or infant.
2. Prior Use of Pioglitazone: Participants who have previously used pioglitazone are excluded to avoid confounding effects of prior drug exposure.
3. Unstable Body Weight: Individuals with a body weight change of more than 2 kg in the last 3 months are excluded to ensure stable metabolic conditions.
4. Liver or Kidney Disease: Participants with significant liver disease (ALT \> 3x upper limit of normal) or renal disease (creatinine \> 1.5 mg/dL) are excluded due to potential safety risks.
5. Congestive Heart Failure or Fluid Overload History: These conditions are exclusionary due to the risk of fluid retention with pioglitazone.
6. Uncontrolled Hypertension: Blood pressure \> 160/90 mmHg excludes participants due to increased cardiovascular risk.
7. Active Cancer: Individuals with a diagnosis of cancer in the past 3 years (except for skin cancer) are excluded.
8. Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Excluded due to potential effects on metabolic measurements.
9. Use of Weight Loss Medications: Those currently taking weight loss medications are excluded to prevent confounding effects on body weight and metabolic function.
10. Bariatric Surgery or Liposuction History: Participants who have had weight-loss surgeries or liposuction are excluded due to alterations in fat tissue and metabolic profiles.
11. Insulin Use: Participants using insulin are excluded to focus on non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
12. Active Psychiatric Disease or Eating Disorders: Individuals with these conditions are excluded due to potential impacts on study compliance and data integrity.
13. Substance Abuse: Participants with a history of substance abuse are excluded for similar reasons.

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Primary outcomes:
measure: Insulin resistance in normal weight women with diabetes compared to those with no diabetes
timeFrame: Baseline measures comparison between the groups
measure: Adipocyte function in women with normal weight diabetes as compared with those without diabetes
timeFrame: Baseline comparisons
measure: Fat storage in women with normal weight diabetes compared to those without diabetes
timeFrame: Baseline comparisons between the groups
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Effect of adipose-directed therapy pioglitazone on HbA1c in both men and women with normal weight diabetes
timeFrame: 16 weeks
measure: Effect of pioglitazone in insulin resistance in both men and women.
timeFrame: 16 weeks
measure: Fat storage in men with normal weight diabetes (NWD) compared to those without diabetes (NWC).
timeFrame: Baseline comparisons between the groups
measure: Adipocyte function in men with normal weight diabetes as compared with those without diabetes
timeFrame: Baseline comparisons
measure: Insulin resistance in normal weight men with diabetes compared to those with no diabetes
timeFrame: Baseline measures comparison between the groups
measure: Insulin secretion in men and women with normal weight diabetes compared to those without diabetes
timeFrame: Baseline measured compared between the groups
Other outcomes:
measure: Effect of adipose-directed therapy with tirzepatide on insulin resistance in men and women with normal weight diabetes (NWD).
timeFrame: 16 weeks
Locations:
city: Stanford
country: United States
facility: Stanford University, Clinical and Translational Research Unit (CTRU)
state: California
Study officials:
References: