Clinical trial NCT04748315: Recovery Kinetics After Speed-Εndurance Maintenance Training
Official title: Recovery Kinetics After Speed-Εndurance Maintenance Training (SEMT) in Elite Male Soccer Players
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Muscle Damage
Keywords: muscle damage
Eccentric exercise
Speed maintenance training
Soccer
Recovery
Lead sponsor: University of Thessaly
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2021-02-10
Enrollment: 10
Sex: MALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 35
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Primary purpose: OTHER

Brief summary: The purpose of this study will be to inestigate the recovery kinetics on performance, neuromuscular fatigue and muscle microtaruma that will occur after two speed-endurance maintenance training protocols in elite male soccer players. Also, this study will determine the comparison between two different speed endurance maintenance protocols in neuromuscular fatigue, muscle microtrauma indicators and performance factors. The training protocols will be differentiated in training work to rest ratio. The firts training protocol trial will comprise the work to rest ratio (1:1) and the other trial will comprise the work to rest ratio 1:3.

Detailed description: Speed endurance maintenance training is utilized in order to improve the repeated sprint and high speed running ability of soccer players during a soccer match. Also, speed endurance maintenance training includes soccer drills which stimulate high speed and powerful actions such as changes of directions, accelerations and decelerations. However these actions are associated with eccentric component and it is known that eccentric exercises induces muscle damage microtrauma. Thus, the aim of this study will be to investigate the recovery kinetics on performance, neuromuscular fatigue and muscle microtrauma that will occur after two speed-endurance maintenance training protocols in elite male soccer players. The speed endurance maintenance training (SEMT) sessions will be differentiated in training volume and specifically in the work to rest period. Specifically, a randomized three-trial, cross-over, repeated measures design will be applied. Elite male soccer players (aged 18-35 years) will participate in the present study. Also, it is considered necessary that the participants will not suffer from any musculoskeletal injuries that will limit their ability to perform the SEMT sessions. Also the participants will not be smokers and will not consume alcohol and ergogenic nutritional supplements before and during the study.

In the first phase all participants will sign an informed consent form after they will be informed about all benefits and risks of this study and they will sign a recent historical of musculoskeletal injury or illness form. Subsequently, fasting blood samples will be collected by venipuncture using a disposable needle (10-gauge) in order to estimate muscle damage concentration markers (CK), blood lactate and inflammation markers (WBC). After, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in the knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE) of both limbs, body weight (BW), height and body composition (DXA method) will be measured in the lab. Completing the first phase, participants will be instructed by a dietitian how to record a 7 days diet recalls estimating that the energy intake during the trials will be the same. The counter movement jump (CMJ) will be measured 24 hour after (second phase) on a force platform using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg. During the CMJ will be measured the jump height (cm), the ground reaction force (N), the peak and mean power (W/kg), the vertical stiffness (Kvert, N/m/kg) and the peak rate of force development (RFD, N/s), while at the same time will be evaluated the change in peak and mean normalized EMG during the eccentric and concentric phases of the counter movement jump, for the vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), gastrocnemius (GAS), and gluteus maximus (GM) muscles. Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2.000 Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system. The peak eccentric and concentric isokinetic torque of the knee flexors and extensors, in both limbs will be evaluated on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60°/sec. Also, the isometric peak torque of the knee extensors will be evaluated at 65o in both limbs. Also the fatigue rate during maximal voluntary isometric contraction will be estimated through the percent drop of peak torque between the first and the last three seconds of a 10-secong maximal isometric contraction. Also, the speed of 10m and 30m will be measured using light cells Chronojump system. The repeated sprint ability (RSA) (5x30m) will be measure using light cells Chronojump with 25 seconds rest in-between.

The soccer agility drill with a ball will be measured using light cells Chronojump in order to evaluate the soccer technical skills, 24 hour after. Finally, Open-circuit spirometry will be utilized for assessment of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) using an automated online pulmonary gas exchange system via breath-by-breath analysis during a graded exercise testing on a treadmill. The ability to recover after repeated intense exercise will be evaluated through the YO-YO Intermittent Recovery test level 2 and YO-YO Intermittent Endurance test level 2. 96 hours after, the participants are going to perform one of the two speed endurance maintenance training session randomly in the field. The SEMT(1:1) session will include 1 set, 6 repetitions per set and the work to rest ratio will be 1:1. The SEMT(1:3) session will iclude 1 set, 6 repetitions per set and the work to rest ratio will be 1:3. During the sessions will be assessed the change in Heart rate using a heart rate monitor and the field activity will be recorded using a global positiong system (GPS). The blood lactate will be evaluated immediately after each session. The DOMS indicator in the knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE) of both limbs will be evaluated immediately after, 1h, 2h, 3h, 24h, 48h, and 72 hours after each session. The isometric peak torque of the knee extensors will be evaluated at 65° in limbs, post and at 1h, 2h and 3h, hours after each session. Also the fatigue rate during maximal voluntary isometric contraction will be estimated through the percent drop of peak torque between the first and the last three seconds of a 10-secong maximal isometric contraction.

Blood samples will be collected at 24h, 48h, and 72 hours after sessions. The counter movement jump (CMJ) will be measured immediately after the session, at 1h, 2h, 3h, at 24h, 48h and 72 hours after session on a force platform using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg. During the CMJ will be measured the jump height (cm), the ground reaction force (N), the peak and mean power (W/kg), the vertical stiffness (Kvert, N/m/kg) and the peak rate of force development (RFD, N/s), while at the same time will be evaluated the change in peak and mean normalized EMG during the eccentric and concentric phases of the counter movement jump, for the vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), gastrocnemius (GAS), and gluteus maximus (GM) muscles. Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2.000 Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system. Also, the speed of 10m and 30m will be measured using light cells Chronojump system immediately after, at 24h, 48h and 72 hours after session. Finally the RSA test will be measured at 24h, 48h and 72 hours after sessions. Α 2 - week washout period will be adapted among trials. After, the participants will perform the process until they complete the trials.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged between 18 and 35 years
* Active soccer players who participate on a competitive soccer level at least for 4 years(≥5 sessions per week ≥1 match per week)
* Free of chronic diseases
* Free of musculoskeletal injury
* Participants should be non-smokers

Exclusion Criteria:

* Musculoskeletal injury
* Chronic disease
* Use of alcohol, caffeine and any type of ergogenic supplements or medication before (≥ 6 months) and throughout the study.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Change in white blood cell count
timeFrame: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours post speed endurance maintenance protocols.
measure: Change in Creatine kinase in blood
timeFrame: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours post speed endurance maintenance protocols.
measure: Change in countermovement jump height
timeFrame: At baseline, post, 1, 2,3, 24, 48 and 72 hours post speed endurance maintenance protocols.
measure: Change in ground reaction force (GRF) during countermovement jump test
timeFrame: At baseline, at post, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours post speed endurance maintenance protocols.
measure: Change in peak power during countermovement jump test
timeFrame: At baseline, post 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours post speed endurance maintenance protocols.
measure: Change in mean power during countermovement jump test
timeFrame: At baseline, post, 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours post speed endurance maintenance protocols.
measure: Change in vertical stifness during countermovement jump test
timeFrame: At baseline, post, 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours post speed endurance maintenance protocols.
measure: Change in peak rate of force development during countermovement jump test
timeFrame: At baseline, post, 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours post speed endurance maintenance protocols.
measure: Change in peak normalized EMG during the eccentric and concentric phases of the countermovement jmp test
timeFrame: At baseline, post, 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours post speed endurance maintenance protocols.
measure: Change in mean normalized EMG during the eccentric and concentric phases of the countermovement jump test
timeFrame: At baseline, post, 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours post speed endurance maintenance protocols.
measure: Change in delayed onset of muscle soreness
timeFrame: At baseline, post, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours post speed endurance maintenance protocols.
measure: Change in repeated sprint ability (RSA)
timeFrame: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours post speed endurance maintenance protocols.
measure: Change in sprint time of 10m
timeFrame: At baseline, post, 24, 48 and 72 hours post speed endurance maintenance protocols.
measure: Change in sprint time of 30m
timeFrame: At baseline, post, 24, 48 and 72 hours post speed endurance maintenance protocols.
measure: Change in field activity during the speed-endurance mainetnance protocols
timeFrame: For 20 minutes during the speed endurance maintenance training day
measure: Change in heart rate during the speed-endurance mainetnance protocols
timeFrame: For 20 minutes during the speed endurance maintenance training day
measure: Change in isometric peak torque
timeFrame: At baseline, post, 1, 2, 3 and 24, 48 72 hours post speed endurance maintenance protocols.
measure: Change in fatigue index of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) during 10 seconds
timeFrame: At baseline, post, 1, 2, 3 and 24, 48 72 hours post speed endurance maintenance protocols.
measure: Change in blood lactate
timeFrame: At baseline and immediately post speed endurance maintenance protocols.
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Body weight
timeFrame: At baseline
measure: Body height
timeFrame: At baseline
measure: Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)
timeFrame: At baseline
measure: Body fat
timeFrame: At baseline
measure: Lean body mass
timeFrame: At baseline
measure: Dietary intake
timeFrame: Over a 7 -day period at baseline
measure: Soccer Agility drill
timeFrame: At baseline
measure: Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2
timeFrame: At baseline
measure: Yo-Yo Intermittent endurance Test Level 2
timeFrame: At baseline
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Tríkala
country: Greece
facility: University o Thessaly, School of Physical Education and Sports Science
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Thessaly
name: Ioannis Fatouros, Prof
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References: