Clinical trial NCT02373241: Preventing Sickle Cell Kidney Disease
Official title: Chronobiology and Chronopharmacology to Prevent Sickle Cell Kidney Disease
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: TERMINATED
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Anemia, Sickle Cell
Sickle Cell Disease
Kidney Disease
Hypertension
Proteinuria
Keywords: Anemia, Sickle Cell
Sickle Cell Disease
Kidney Disease
Hypertension
Proteinuria
Losartan
Antihypertensive Agents
Blood Pressure
Lead sponsor: University of Alabama at Birmingham
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
First posted: 2015-02-26
Enrollment: 1
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 5
Maximum age (years): 25
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Untreated hypertension and renal injury are risk factors for increased morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease, yet early markers of progressive disease have not been identified and therapies to prevent the development of adverse cardiovascular outcomes have not been defined. Circadian blood pressure, as defined by 24 hour blood pressure monitoring, is more accurate than clinic blood pressure in defining secondary hypertension and abnormal nocturnal blood pressured dipping and nocturnal hypertension have been linked to progressive renal disease in other diseases.

Methodology/Aims: A randomized feasibility trial of losartan will be conducted among adolescent HbSS and SB0 thalassemia patients (11-19 years) with abnormal nocturnal blood pressure dipping. During this six month feasibility trial, two dosing strategies of losartan (titrated to keep clinic BP \<95th percentile vs. \<75th percentile) will be analyzed for safety and effect on restoring normal circadian blood pressure.

A prospective cohort study among HbSS and SB0 thalassemia patients (6-19 years) will also be conducted to evaluate the incidence of hypertension and role of monitoring potential biomarkers of kidney injury and hypertension. Cohort participants will undergo annual evaluations of hypertension(24 hour blood pressure monitoring for participants ≥ 11yrs, clinic BP in all participants) and markers of kidney injury/hypertension.

Expected Results: At the completion of the feasibility trial, vital background information will be obtained to design a definitive multicenter trial of hypertension in sickle cell disease. At the completion of the cohort study, the incidence of pediatric hypertension will be identified and the role for monitoring blood and urine biomarkers will be better understood.

As therapy for patients with renal failure is dismal, it is imperative that SCD patients at risk are identified early and that therapeutic trials are conducted that prevent progression.

Detailed description: Feasibility Trial of Losartan to Correct Abnormal Circadian Blood Pressure. Cohort participants (below) identified with in-clinic hypertension and abnormal nocturnal dipping on 24 hour ABPM will be asked to participate in a feasibility trial of losartan. Participants will be offered a consultation with Pediatric Nephrology prior to study enrollment. Participants that consent /assent will undergo repeat 24 hour ABPM to confirm abnormal circadian blood pressure prior to receiving losartan. At baseline, participants will undergo evaluation for biomarkers of kidney injury and hypertension. Participants will start on losartan at 25mg of losartan and randomized to titrate clinic BP \<95th or 75th percentile based on NHLBI BP tables. Participants will be followed monthly x 6 months and receive standard of care labs. ABPM and blood/urine biomarkers of kidney injury, buccal swab for circadian genes, and hypertension will be repeated at 3 and 6 months. Participants will undergo monthly evaluation for adherence through pill counting and questionnaires. Safety of dosing will be monitored by internal review and external review (DSMB).

Prospective Pediatric Cohort to Evaluate Hypertension and Kidney Injury. Patients with HbSS or SB0 thalassemia, ages ≥ 6 years and have signed informed consent will undergo clinic BP, annual ABPM and biomarkers to determine the incidence of HTN and potential role for biomarkers as monitors for the development of hypertension or kidney injury/disease. Urine will be collected annually and evaluated for current known biomarkers of kidney disease and stored for future analysis of relevant biomarkers. Uric acid will be processed from collected blood annually.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pts with HbSS or SB0 thalassemia
* Hypertension from clinic BP readings (defined by NHLBI BP tables)
* Abnormal nocturnal dipping (systolic or diastolic) as defined by \<10% dip or abnormal nocturnal BP load (\>25% of sleep BP readings \>95th percentile as defined by AHA ABPM guidelines)
* Signed Informed Consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patient already on BP lowering medication
* Hyperkalemia
* Pregnancy

Primary outcomes:
measure: Feasibility as Measured by the Number of Patients That Accept Enrollment, Remain Adherent to Losartan, and Remain Adherent to Study Procedures.
timeFrame: 5 yrs
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Number of Patients With Incident Hypertension
timeFrame: 5 yrs
measure: Feasibility as Measured by the Number of Patients With Improvement in Nocturnal Blood Pressure While Receiving Losartan.
timeFrame: 5 years
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Birmingham
country: United States
facility: University of Alabama at Birmingham
state: Alabama
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Alabama at Birmingham
name: Jeffrey D Lebensburger, DO, MSPH
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Samuels J, Ng D, Flynn JT, Mitsnefes M, Poffenbarger T, Warady BA, Furth S; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study Group. Ambulatory blood pressure patterns in children with chronic kidney disease. Hypertension. 2012 Jul;60(1):43-50. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.189266. Epub 2012 May 14.
citation: Seeman T, Palyzova D, Dusek J, Janda J. Reduced nocturnal blood pressure dip and sustained nighttime hypertension are specific markers of secondary hypertension. J Pediatr. 2005 Sep;147(3):366-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.04.042.
citation: Okuguchi T, Osanai T, Fujiwara N, Kato T, Metoki N, Konta Y, Okumura K. Effect of losartan on nocturnal blood pressure in patients with stroke: comparison with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Am J Hypertens. 2002 Nov;15(11):998-1002. doi: 10.1016/s0895-7061(02)02998-9.
citation: Flynn JT, Daniels SR, Hayman LL, Maahs DM, McCrindle BW, Mitsnefes M, Zachariah JP, Urbina EM; American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension and Obesity in Youth Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. Update: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2014 May;63(5):1116-35. doi: 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000007. Epub 2014 Mar 3. No abstract available.
citation: Lebensburger JD, Palabindela P, Howard TH, Feig DI, Aban I, Askenazi DJ. Prevalence of acute kidney injury during pediatric admissions for acute chest syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2016 Aug;31(8):1363-8. doi: 10.1007/s00467-016-3370-0. Epub 2016 Mar 24.
citation: Aban I, Baddam S, Hilliard LM, Howard TH, Feig DI, Lebensburger JD. Severe anemia early in life as a risk factor for sickle-cell kidney disease. Blood. 2017 Jan 19;129(3):385-387. doi: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-738104. Epub 2016 Dec 5. No abstract available.
citation: Baddam S, Aban I, Hilliard L, Howard T, Askenazi D, Lebensburger JD. Acute kidney injury during a pediatric sickle cell vaso-occlusive pain crisis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2017 Aug;32(8):1451-1456. doi: 10.1007/s00467-017-3623-6. Epub 2017 Feb 25.
citation: Lebensburger JD, Cutter GR, Howard TH, Muntner P, Feig DI. Evaluating risk factors for chronic kidney disease in pediatric patients with sickle cell anemia. Pediatr Nephrol. 2017 Sep;32(9):1565-1573. doi: 10.1007/s00467-017-3658-8. Epub 2017 Apr 5.
citation: Lebensburger JD, Aban I, Hilliard LM, Feig DI. Hyperuricemia and abnormal nocturnal dipping impact glomerular filtration rate in patients with sickle cell anemia. Am J Hematol. 2021 May 1;96(5):E143-E146. doi: 10.1002/ajh.26115. Epub 2021 Feb 18. No abstract available.