Clinical trial NCT03609437: Impaired Endothelial Integrity in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (ESUS)
Official title: Impaired Endothelial Glycocalyx Integrity and Arterial Elastic Properties in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (ESUS)
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source
Endothelial Dysfunction
Keywords: Embolic stroke
Arterial stiffness
Endothelial function
Endothelial glycocalyx
Left ventricular function
Oxidative stress
Lead sponsor: University of Athens
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2018-08-01
Enrollment: 124
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 80
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Observational model: CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: The study population will consist of 83 consecutive patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) that fulfill inclusion criteria and of 41 healthy volunteers of similar age and sex (control group)

Brief summary: Cardioembolism is a postulated mechanism of an embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). The investigators will measure endothelial glycocalyx, aortic elastic properties, oxidative stress, and their association with left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) function in ESUS and age- and sex-adjusted healthy individuals.

Detailed description: The investigators aim to evaluate consecutive acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients satisfying ESUS diagnostic criteria in a single tertiary care stroke center (University Hospital, Athens, Greece). Moreover, baseline characteristics and outcome measures for all AIS patients are going to be recorded and further be classified, according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) and ESUS criteria. Healthy volunteers (colleagues, friends, relatives and others) will be included in the control group.

In participants (patients and controls) the investigators plan to measure: a) perfused boundary region (PBR) of the sublingual arterial microvessels (range 5-25 micrometers), a marker inversely related with glycocalyx thickness, b) pulse wave velocity (PWV), central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) and augmentation index (AIx), c) LV Global Longitudinal strain (GLS), d) LA volume and strain using speckle-tracking strain imaging, e) Malondialdehyde (MDA), as an oxidative stress marker.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

The clinical entity of ESUS is defined according to the criteria proposed by the Cryptogenic Stroke/ESUS International Working Group:

(1) stroke visualized by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that is not lacunar (Lacunar defined as a subcortical infarct 1.5 cm or 2.0 cm on MRI diffusion images in largest dimension), (2) absence of extra-cranial or intra-cranial atherosclerosis causing \>50% luminal stenosis or occlusion of arteries supplying the area of ischemia (Requires extra-cranial and intra-cranial arterial imaging using sonography, computed tomography angiography, or magnetic resonance angiography of the relevant arteries) (3) no major-risk cardioembolic source of embolism by history, electrocardiography, echocardiography and \>24 h of cardiac rhythm monitoring \[Permanent or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, sustained atrial flutter, intra-cardiac thrombus, mechanical prosthetic cardiac valve, atrial myxoma or other cardiac tumors, moderate/severe mitral stenosis, recent (\<4 weeks) myocardial infarction, valvular vegetations, or infective endocarditis\] (4) no other specific cause of ischemic stroke identified (e.g. arteritis, dissection, migraine/vasospasm, drug abuse)

Exclusion Criteria

1. factors associated with a medium or high risk for thrombus formation in patients with stroke, such as the presence of aortic or mitral valvular prostheses, history of atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter, known or suspected cardiomyopathy, infective endocarditis, atrial septal defect and intracardiac tumor or thrombus
2. potential confounders in the measurement of left atrial (LA) mechanical function, including the presence of significant (\>50% luminal) coronary artery stenosis, previous myocardial infarction or regional wall motion abnormality, prior administration of cardiotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, sick sinus syndrome, any valvular lesion of \>2+ severity and pregnancy.

These exclusion criteria are applied to both patients and control subjects.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Comparison of endothelial glycocalyx thickness between patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) and controls
timeFrame: Baseline
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Comparison of arterial stiffness between patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) and controls.
timeFrame: Baseline
measure: Assessment of left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS, %) in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) and controls.
timeFrame: Baseline
measure: Serum malondialdehyde levels in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) and controls.
timeFrame: Baseline
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Athens
country: Greece
facility: Konstantinos Katogiannis
state: Attiki
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Athens
name: Ignatios Ikonomidis
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Ikonomidis I, Frogoudaki A, Vrettou AR, Andreou I, Palaiodimou L, Katogiannis K, Liantinioti C, Vlastos D, Zervas P, Varoudi M, Lambadiari V, Triantafyllidi H, Pavlidis G, Efentakis P, Tsoumani M, Tsantes AE, Parissis J, Revela I, Andreadou I, Tsivgoulis G. Impaired Arterial Elastic Properties and Endothelial Glycocalyx in Patients with Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source. Thromb Haemost. 2019 Nov;119(11):1860-1868. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1694752. Epub 2019 Aug 17.