Clinical trial NCT01248715: Rapid Empiric Treatment With Oseltamivir Study (RETOS)
Official title: Title: Effectiveness of Empiric Antiviral Treatment for Hospitalized Community Acquired Pneumonia During the Influenza Season (U18)
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE4
Conditions: Influenza
Pneumonia
Keywords: pneumonia, bacterial
pneumonia, viral
respiratory tract infections
oseltamivir, therapeutic use
Lead sponsor: University of Louisville
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
First posted: 2010-11-25
Enrollment: 1107
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Current guidelines recommend early initiation of empiric antibiotic therapy to cover typical and atypical bacteria that may cause community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Influenza antiviral therapy in patients with suspected or confirmed influenza. However, many clinicians do not suspect influenza among patients with CAP or other acute lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) and often do not test for influenza. Additionally, results from currently available diagnostic tests for influenza may be delayed and several tests have low sensitivity and will give false negative results. Thus, anti-influenza treatment for patients with hospitalized influenza CAP and LRTI is frequently initiated late if at all. There is an association between delayed time to administration of empiric antibiotic therapy with increased clinical failure and mortality. As a result, empiric antibiotic therapy for patients with suspect CAP is begun within 4 - 6 hours of hospitalization. This has recently been demonstrated for delayed antiviral treatment as well. We hypothesize that, as happens with early empiric antibiotics for bacterial CAP, a standardized approach of adding early empiric anti-influenza therapy during the influenza season to hospitalized patients with suspect CAP and LRTI will improve clinical outcomes of patients with influenza associated CAP and LRTI.

To test our hypothesis we plan a prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial of hospitalized patients with acute LRTI, including suspect CAP, during . If early anti-influenza medications were not included on the patients admission orders, patients will be randomized to standard care, including empiric antibacterial therapy as recommended by ATS/IDSA guidelines plus standard influenza diagnostics and treatment (Standard of care) versus early initiation of empiric antiinfluenza therapy plus standard care, e.g. empiric antibacterial (oseltamivir group). The primary study outcome will be development of clinical failure and selected clinical outcomes during the 30 days after enrollment. Other clinical outcomes that will be compared between study groups include time to clinical stability, duration of hospitalization, development of cardiovascular events, re-hospitalization, short-term mortality (30 days), and long-term mortality (1 year). The secondary study outcome will be the cost-effectiveness of the intervention.

Detailed description: This will be both a prospective, randomized, unblinded clinical study of hospitalized patients with acute LRTI admitted in one of four institutions in Louisville, KY (rapid empiric treatment with oseltamivir study\[RETOS\]) and a prospective observation study to describe influenza LRTI (Flu LRTI study). All hospitalized patients with acute LRTI will be invited to participate in one of the arms of study. If the admitting clinician does not order oseltamivir or zanamivir at the time of hospital admission, the patient is eligible for randomization into Group A (standard clinical care, including empiric antibiotics and anti-influenza drugs at the clinician discretion) or Group B (oseltamivir administered to the patient within 24 hours of admission, ideally within 8-12 hours of admission, plus empiric antibiotics).

Patients will be enrolled from one of four hospitals, the University of Louisville Hospital, Veterans Affairs Medical Center of Louisville, Norton Hospital of Louisville, and Jewish Hospital of Louisville. Eligible patients will be identified primarily in the Emergency Departments of all four hospitals and evaluated for inclusion/exclusion criteria after hospital admission orders are written. Patients will be enrolled only during the influenza season. For this study, the influenza season is defined as December 1st until May 1st, unless surveillance data suggests that influenza viruses are circulating earlier or have stopped circulating.

For all three study groups, diagnosis of influenza will be based on nucleic acid amplification through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). At the time of enrollment into the study, a nasopharyngeal swab will be obtained for PCR. The University of Louisville Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory has extensive experience using molecular techniques for the diagnosis of respiratory pathogens and will test batched specimens at monthly intervals. In addition, we will collect the results from tests done for routine care and bacterial or virus isolates identified during routine care for further characterization.

The management of patients in Group A and Group B will be different only in regard to early empiric anti-influenza therapy. All other aspects of the management of these patients will be in compliance with national guideline recommendations from IDSA/ATS (2). Patients in Group A may have antiviral therapy started later in hospitalization or not treated at all. The study will not interfere with Group A patient care.

A 1:1 randomization ratio within the two study arms is planned for EOS. A pre-defined randomization chart will be designed in order to have the randomization process Internet-based. The randomization table will be accessible by the project manager as a back up in the event that any problem occurs with the Internet or the computerized system.

We will attempt to begin oseltamivir within 8 - 12 hours after hospital admission, and no later than 24 hours. The study nurse will facilitate receipt of early oseltamivir treatment for the consented patient in collaboration with the hospital pharmacies. The time of oseltamivir administration will be recorded for all enrolled patients.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

For oseltamivir and standard of care groups:

* 18 years of age or older
* No oseltamivir or zanamivir ordered in hospital admission orders
* Meets criteria for acute LRTI
* Signed informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

For oseltamivir and standard of care groups:

* Oseltamivir or zanamivir ordered in hospital admission orders
* Patients hospitalized for the LRTI for more than 24 hours before enrollment into the trial.
* Patients with mental conditions who are unlikely to comply with the study protocol and who cannot give informed consent and have no guardian or proxy.
* Patients who have had severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis or serious skin reactions such as toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, or erythema multiforme to any component of oseltamivir (TAMIFLU).
* Prisoners

Primary outcomes:
measure: Number of Participants With Clinical Failure (Failure to Reach Clinical Stability)
timeFrame: 7 days
measure: Number of Participants to Transfer to ICU After 24 h
timeFrame: 24 h
measure: Number of Participants That Required Re-hospitalization
timeFrame: 30 days
measure: Number of Participants That Had Short-term Mortality
timeFrame: 30 days
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Days to Reach Clinical Stability
timeFrame: 30 days
measure: Length of Hospital Stay
timeFrame: through study completion, up to 30 days
measure: Number of Participants With Hospital Mortality.
timeFrame: through study completion, up to 30 days
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Louisville
country: United States
facility: Jewish Hospital
state: Kentucky
city: Louisville
country: United States
facility: Norton Hospital
state: Kentucky
city: Louisville
country: United States
facility: University of Louisville Hospital
state: Kentucky
city: Louisville
country: United States
facility: Rex Robley VA Medical Center
state: Kentucky
city: Louisville
country: United States
facility: Baptist Hospital East
state: Kentucky
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Louisville
name: Julio A Ramirez, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, Dowell SF, File TM Jr, Musher DM, Niederman MS, Torres A, Whitney CG; Infectious Diseases Society of America; American Thoracic Society. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 1;44 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S27-72. doi: 10.1086/511159. No abstract available.
citation: Wiemken TL, Furmanek SP, Carrico RM, Peyrani P, Hoft D, Fry AM, Ramirez JA. Effectiveness of oseltamivir treatment on clinical failure in hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infection. BMC Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 27;21(1):1106. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06812-2.
citation: Ramirez J, Peyrani P, Wiemken T, Chaves SS, Fry AM. A Randomized Study Evaluating the Effectiveness of Oseltamivir Initiated at the Time of Hospital Admission in Adults Hospitalized With Influenza-Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Aug 16;67(5):736-742. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy163.
citation: Wiemken TL, Jala VR, Kelley RR, Peyrani P, Mattingly WA, Arnold FW, Cabral PW, Cavallazzi R, Haribabu B, Ramirez JA. The upper respiratory tract microbiome of hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia of unknown aetiology: a pilot study. Pneumonia (Nathan). 2015 Dec 1;6:83-89. doi: 10.15172/pneu.2015.6/682. eCollection 2015.