Clinical trial NCT05595785: Yoga Versus Yoga Plus Mindfulness on Perceived Stress and Mindful Attention Awareness in a Chiropractic College Setting
Official title: The Effects of Yoga or Yoga Plus Mindfulness on Perceived Stress and Mindful Attention Awareness in a Chiropractic College Setting
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Occupational Stress
Keywords: Yoga
Mindfulness
Stress
Psychological
Lead sponsor: Northeast College of Health Sciences
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2022-10-27
Enrollment: 63
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 20
Maximum age (years): 65
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: OTHER

Brief summary: Objective: The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of different types of yoga practices on mindfulness and stress levels reported by students, faculty, and staff at a health professional school. Including mindfulness cues (body scan, mindful movement, and yoga nidra) with Bishnu Gosh lineage hatha yoga as taught by Mary Jarvis may have additive therapeutic effects on mindfulness and stress.

Methods: This was a quasi-experimental pre-post test design. Sixty-three individuals qualified for the study and were randomized in a 1:1 allocation ratio of matched pairs into either a physical-based yoga practice (Yoga Group, n = 31) or a mindfulness-based yoga practice (Yoga + Mindfulness Group, n = 32). Participants attended two 50-minute class sessions per week during the four-week intervention phase. The primary outcomes were the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the 15-item Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS).

Detailed description: Objective: The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of different types of yoga practices on mindfulness and stress levels reported by students, faculty, and staff at a health professional school. Including mindfulness cues (body scan, mindful movement, and yoga nidra) with Bishnu Gosh lineage hatha yoga as taught by Mary Jarvis may have additive therapeutic effects on mindfulness and stress.

Methods: This was a quasi-experimental pre-post test design. Sixty-three individuals qualified for the study and were randomized in a 1:1 allocation ratio of matched pairs into either a physical-based yoga practice (Yoga Group, n = 31) or a mindfulness-based yoga practice (Yoga + Mindfulness Group, n = 32). Participants attended two 50-minute class sessions per week during the four-week intervention phase. A sample size of 30 participants per class was deemed appropriate based upon the assumption of normality and the central limit theorem underlying the mathematics of inferential statistics.

The yoga class sessions included the physical postures of yoga with an emphasis on alignment, holding postures, and breathing normally. Throughout the yoga class session, the instructor demonstrated the performances of the physical postures. While participants were performing the physical postures, the instructor provided verbal alignment cues to the participants. As needed, the instructor also demonstrated postural modifications, which allowed all participants to perform all physical postures. Each class session sequentially included the following physical postures of yoga: (1) standing in stillness; (2) pranayama deep breathing and warm up; (3) standing series- balance postures, wide leg postures; (4) transition from the standing postures to the floor postures with tree pose; (5) floor series - wind removing, sit up movements, cobra posture, kneeling postures; (6) cool down-stretching, spine twist, Kapalbhati breathing, and Savasana.

The Yoga + Mindfulness class sessions included all elements of the yoga class session described above with the addition of mindfulness cues. The mindfulness cues included body scan, mindful movement, and yoga nidra. Beyond verbal physical cues on how to control breathing and perform precise body movements during the yoga postures, verbal mindfulness cues asked participants to focus on the sensations of their breathing and body awareness non judgmentally, e.g. Feel your breathe move in through your nose and fill your lungs from bottom to top. Feel your breath exit the nose and empty lungs from top to bottom. Keep your attention on your breath and your body. In general, the instructor reminded the participants throughout the Yoga + Mindfulness class session to "feel the sensation of ..."or "keep your attention on ..."as the instructor provided the alignment cues.

The primary outcomes were pre-post changes in the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the 15-item Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS).

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male or Female
* Age Limits: from 20 years to 65 years of age

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnancy
* Nursing
* Wearing a pacemaker
* Prescription medications except for birth control or ADD/ADHD medications
* Stroke within the past three months
* Heart attack within the past three months
* Surgery within the past three months
* Car accident with injuries in the past three months
* Litigation of any type within the past three months or currently
* Currently participating in yoga activities once per week
* Currently participating in mindfulness activities once per week

Primary outcomes:
measure: Changes in 10-Item Perceived Stress Scale
timeFrame: 4 weeks
measure: Changes in 15-Item Mindful Attention Awareness Scale
timeFrame: 4 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
affiliation: Northeast College of Health Sciences
name: Jeanmarie R Burke, PhD
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
citation: Lee EH. Review of the psychometric evidence of the perceived stress scale. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2012 Dec;6(4):121-7. doi: 10.1016/j.anr.2012.08.004. Epub 2012 Sep 18.
citation: Taylor JM. Psychometric analysis of the Ten-Item Perceived Stress Scale. Psychol Assess. 2015 Mar;27(1):90-101. doi: 10.1037/a0038100. Epub 2014 Oct 27.
citation: Cohen S, Janicki-Deverts D. Who's stressed? Distributions of psychological stress in the United States in probability samples from 1983, 2006, and 2009. J Appl Soc Psychol. 2012;42:1320-34.
citation: Brown KW, Ryan RM. The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003 Apr;84(4):822-48. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822.
citation: Park T, Reilly-Spong M, Gross CR. Mindfulness: a systematic review of instruments to measure an emergent patient-reported outcome (PRO). Qual Life Res. 2013 Dec;22(10):2639-59. doi: 10.1007/s11136-013-0395-8. Epub 2013 Mar 29.