Clinical trial NCT05471544: Effectiveness, Feasibility and Acceptability of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Aweil South County in South Sudan
Official title: Effectiveness, Feasibility and Acceptability of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Aweil South County in Northern Bahr Eel Ghazal, South Sudan: A Type 2 Hybrid Effectiveness-implementation Study Using a Convergent Mixed-methods Approach
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: Malaria
Keywords: seasonal-malaria-chemoprevention
Lead sponsor: Malaria Consortium
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2022-07-25
Enrollment: 3575
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 3
Maximum age (years): 59
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: This study aims to explore whether SMC is an effective intervention in the context of Northen Bahr el Gazal state, South Sudan. It also aims to assess the protective efficacy of the antimalarials used in SMC in the target population and investigate levels of parasite resistance in the study counties. If successful, this trial should provide the evidence for SMC to be included in malaria programming and policy in South Sudan.

A Type II hybrid effectiveness-implementation study design will be used to evaluate the effects of a clinical intervention on relevant outcomes whilst collecting information on implementation. It is designed to determine feasibility and effectiveness of an innovative intervention, as well as the protective efficacy of the antimalarial drugs used. The study consists of five components: 1) A series of cross-sectional surveys establishing confirmed malaria cases in children; 2) A prospective cohort study to determine the protective efficacy of SPAQ (if SPAQ provides 28 days of protection from infection) and whether drug concentrations and/or resistance influence the duration of protection; 3) A resistance markers study in children 3-59 months in the research county; 4) Modelling the protective effect of SPAQ in South Sudan to determine where SMC could be a suitable malaria prevention strategy in other areas of the country, and 5) A process evaluation to understand feasibility and acceptability of the SMC intervention in South Sudan.

Detailed description: This is an implementation research study, using a Type II hybrid effectiveness-implementation study design, to evaluate the effects of a clinical intervention on relevant outcomes whilst collecting information on implementation.

The study uses pragmatic implementation research with the objective of contributing to the development of practical recommendations for health policy, practice and potential scale up. It is designed as an implementation study to determine effectiveness and protective efficacy to gather evidence of its potential impact on health outcomes. Five monthly cycles of SMC will be implemented between June and October 2022 in one county, Aweil South, in Northern Bahr el Gazal state.

The study will comprise the following six components :

1. Two cross-sectional surveys at the height of the malaria season to explore impact on malaria incidence
2. End-of-round survey
3. Prospective protective efficacy cohort study to determine if SPAQ provides 28 days of protection from infection and whether drug concentrations and/or resistance influence the duration of protection
4. Resistance markers study in children 3-59 months in the two research counties plus the two standard intervention counties to measure changes in resistance marker prevalence over time (pre and post within the same year and between years)

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Being resident in the project area
* Afebrile with no other malaria associated symptoms in the past 48 hours or at time of recruitment
* Consent to participate in the study obtained
* Can comply with 3 day DOT of standard SPAQ regimen (day 0-2)
* Willingness and ability of the childs guardians to comply with the study protocol for the duration of the study including all dry blood spot and slide collections

Exclusion Criteria:

* Symptoms of malaria (tympanic fever ≥ 37.5 °C or history of fever in past 48 hours)
* Known allergy to medicine provided
* Receiving a sulfa-based medication for treatment or prophylaxis, including co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole).
* Individuals receiving azithromycin due to the antimalarial activity of azithromycin.
* Severe malnutrition according to WHO guidelines
* Recruited in cross sectional surveys or any other SMC studies.
* Children with HIV
* Previous treatment with Amodiaquine in the past 28 days (treatment with ASAQ or SPAQ)

Primary outcomes:
measure: Malaria incidence in study population in intervention county and eligible children in one control county
timeFrame: Five months
measure: Chemoprevention failure as defined by positive parasites in malaria slides after day 7 or positive qPCR in dried blood spot (DBS) on day 28
timeFrame: One month
measure: Prevalence of antimalarial resistance markers (dhfr, dhps, Pfcrt, pfmdr1) among chemoprevention failures as defined in outcome 2
timeFrame: One month
measure: Drug concentrations of Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine among chemoprevention failures (as defined in outcome 1)
timeFrame: One month
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Aweil
country: South Sudan
facility: Aweil South
state: Northern Bahr El Gazal
Study officials:
affiliation: Ministry of Health, South Sudan
name: Ahmed Ismail Julla
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: