Clinical trial NCT02653378: The Effects of Acute Caloric Deprivation on Odour Identification and Food Reward
Official title: The Effects of Acute Caloric Deprivation on Odour Identification and Food Reward
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Olfaction
Diet
Exercise
Energy Depletion
Food Hedonics
Food Reward
Lead sponsor: University of Ottawa
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2016-01-12
Enrollment: 10
Sex: MALE
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Primary purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to determine how the modality of energy depletion can differently impact appetite hormones, ad libitum food intake, food hedonics, and olfaction.

Detailed description: The objectives of the current randomized controlled study were to examine how the modality of an acute 3 day isocaloric -25% energy depletion by dieting alone or by aerobic exercise alone differently impacts appetite and appetite-related hormones, ad libitum energy intake (EI), food hedonics and food reward, and olfaction. It was hypothesized that independent of modality of depletion, that relative to the control, there would be increased ad libitum feeding and food reward, improvements in smell performance, and a decline in fasting leptin and increase in fasting total ghrelin. It was also hypothesized that the increased food reward would prove to be a predictor of ad libitum EI and that relative to the depletion by aerobic exercise alone, the depletion by diet alone would produce greater compensatory increases in appetite, ad libitum EI, and food reward.

Statistics

To test for differences in body weight, plasma hormone concentrations, relative-reinforcing value of food (RRVF), and olfaction across each condition of the study, repeated measures ANOVA controlling for day 1 as a covariate was employed. Pairwise comparisons at day 4 using Sidak adjustment to account for multiple comparisons are reported when the ANOVA was significant. One way repeated measures ANOVAs with Sidak adjustments for multiple comparisons were used to test for differences in variables measured only at day 4: body composition (fat mas, %Fat, and fat free mass), appetite, palatability, and ad libitum EI.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Free from any illness that could influence outcome of the experiment
* Weight-stable for \>6months
* aged between 18-40 years

Exclusion Criteria:

* diabetic
* smoker
* medication

Primary outcomes:
measure: Change in Ad Libitum Energy Intake at Buffet Lunch--total kcals consumed at lunch meal measured to nearest 0.5grams.
timeFrame: Day 1 and Day 4 of each study arm (DIET and EX)
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Change in fasting measure of Leptin
timeFrame: Day 1 and Day 4 of each study arm (DIET and EX)
measure: Change in fasting measure of Ghrelin
timeFrame: Day 1 and Day 4 of each study arm (DIET and EX)
measure: Change in Relative-Reinforcing Value of Food as measured by food points earned during a computerized behavioral choice tast
timeFrame: Day 1 and Day 4 of each study arm (DIET and EX)
measure: Olfaction--Odor Detection Threshold measured by Sniffin Sticks odorized pens
timeFrame: Day 1 and Day 4 of each study arm (DIET and EX)
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Ottawa
name: Eric Doucet, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: McNeil J, Lamothe G, Cameron JD, Riou ME, Cadieux S, Lafreniere J, Goldfield G, Willbond S, Prud'homme D, Doucet E. Investigating predictors of eating: is resting metabolic rate really the strongest proxy of energy intake? Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Nov;106(5):1206-1212. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.117.153718. Epub 2017 Sep 6.
citation: Cameron JD, Goldfield GS, Riou ME, Finlayson GS, Blundell JE, Doucet E. Energy depletion by diet or aerobic exercise alone: impact of energy deficit modality on appetite parameters. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Apr;103(4):1008-16. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.115584. Epub 2016 Feb 17.