Clinical trial NCT06413589: Efficacy of SMOF Lipid in the Management of Acute Poisoning With Clozapine
Official title: Efficacy of SMOF Lipid in the Management of Acute Poisoning With Clozapine Secondary IDs:
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Acute Poisoning
Keywords: clozapine poisoning
SMOF lipid
lipophilic agents
Lead sponsor: Alexandria University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2024-05-14
Enrollment: 40
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 66
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The goal of the current study was to evaluate whether SMOF lipid administration could be used as an adjuvant therapy to treat acute, moderate-to-severe clozapine poisoning.

Detailed description: Antipsychotics, a class of drugs primarily used to treat schizophrenia and various mood disorders, including bipolar disorder, encompass a medication like clozapine. Clozapine stands out among antipsychotics due to its lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms, such as tardive dyskinesia, and its effectiveness in addressing negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Recent data from the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) highlight sedatives/hypnotics/antipsychotics as among the top five frequently encountered xenobiotics in human exposure cases. This class of drugs has seen a notable uptick in incidence over the past 18 years. In Egypt, studies from institutions like Tanta University Poison Control Centre (TUPCC) and the National Poisoning Center in Cairo have identified acute clozapine poisoning as a common occurrence within cases of pharmaceutical drug poisonings affecting the central nervous system.

Clozapine toxicity manifests across multiple organ systems, with the central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular system (CVS) being most significantly impacted. Common symptoms include pronounced sedation, confusion, delirium, tachycardia, and mild hypotension.

Because there is no definitive antidote for clozapine poisoning, poison control centres recommend supportive therapy based on the patient's clinical condition and multiple-dose activated charcoal (MDAC) as a specific intervention for enhanced elimination. Nevertheless, the elimination of the drug from the body can be prolonged.

The scarcity of physiological antidotes for acute poisonings encourages toxicologists to supplement standard supportive treatment protocols with promising agents that tend to improve morbidity and mortality.

In this context, intravenous lipid emulsions (ILE) are mainly used as a source of energy and essential fatty acids in patients requiring parenteral nutrition. Apart from their nutritional value, lipid emulsion therapy is becoming increasingly popular in critical care settings as a treatment for toxicity with lipophilic agents, particularly when the standard remedies are ineffective.

Following the encouraging outcomes of using ILEs for the treatment of local anaesthetic systemic toxicity, subsequent studies reported the therapeutic effect of ILEs in acute poisonings with other xenobiotics. However, the evidence for the potential effectiveness of ILE in clinical toxicology consists mainly of case reports and experimental studies.

ILE may be suitable for the treatment of clozapine toxicity due to its lipid solubility.

SMOF 20%, a blend of soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil, is a new lipid emulsion product that has shown better therapeutic results regarding parentral nutrition when compared with traditional ones such as Intralipid® 20%. It has been associated with decreased oxidative injury, improved liver function, and increased antioxidant activity

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

The patients were enrolled in the study in accordance with the following:

Gender and age: adult symptomatic males and females. Patients were admitted within 12 hours of exposure to the poison. Patients received no prior treatment before admission. Patients with moderate-to-severe carbamazepine poisoning according to the Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) Patients classified as high-risk (HR) with anti-depressant overdose risk assessment (ADORA) criteria.

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients were excluded if they had any of the following conditions:

pregnant and lactating women. Patients with major medical conditions (e.g. diabetes mellitus), cardiovascular disease, renal, or hepatic failure).

Patients suffering from hyperlipidemia. Malignancy. Co-ingestion.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Improvement in Conscious Levels Measured by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
timeFrame: participants were monitored within 24 hours from admission to the hospital
measure: Assessment of Intubation Requirement Using APACHE
timeFrame: participants were assessed within 24 hours from admission to the hospital
measure: Length of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Stay
timeFrame: up to one month
measure: length of hospital stay
timeFrame: up to one month
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Alexandria
country: Egypt
facility: Faculty of Medicine
Study officials:
affiliation: Alexandria University
name: Abeer Sheta, professor
role: STUDY_CHAIR
References:
citation: Jaffal K, Chevillard L, Megarbane B. Lipid Emulsion to Treat Acute Poisonings: Mechanisms of Action, Indications, and Controversies. Pharmaceutics. 2023 May 3;15(5):1396. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051396.
citation: Elgazzar FM, Elgohary MS, Basiouny SM, Lashin HI. Intravenous lipid emulsion as an adjuvant therapy of acute clozapine poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2021 Jul;40(7):1053-1063. doi: 10.1177/0960327120983873. Epub 2021 Jan 5.
citation: Taftachi F, Sanaei-Zadeh H, Sepehrian B, Zamani N. Lipid emulsion improves Glasgow coma scale and decreases blood glucose level in the setting of acute non-local anesthetic drug poisoning--a randomized controlled trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2012 Mar;16 Suppl 1:38-42.
citation: Ok SH, Sohn JT. Effect of lipid emulsion on acute clozapine poisoning-induced QT prolongation. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2021 Dec;40(12):2237-2239. doi: 10.1177/09603271211025598. Epub 2021 Jun 17. No abstract available.