louisbrulenaudet/clinical-trials huggingface dataset:
Clinical trial NCT00757458: Evaluation of Bacterial and Fungal Contamination During Propofol Continuous Infusion
Official title: Evaluation of Bacterial and Fungal Contamination During Propofol Continuous Infusion in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: NA
Conditions: Drug Contamination
Keywords: Propofol
Bacterial growth
Fungal growth
EDTA
Target controlled infusion
Lead sponsor: University of Sao Paulo
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: AstraZeneca
First posted: 2008-09-23
Enrollment: 652
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to verify the existence of bacterial and/or fungal contamination during different technics of propofol with or without EDTA continuous infusion in patients undergoing general anesthesia.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age eighteen years old or more
* ASA Physiological Status P1 ou P2
* Patients undergoing clean procedure under general anesthesia.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients under eighteen years old
* ASA Physiological Status P3, P4 or P5
* Current infectious process

Primary outcomes:
measure: Existence of bacterial and/or fungal contamination during different technics of propofol continuous infusion
timeFrame: 6 months
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Sao Paulo
country: Brazil
facility: Universidade de Sao Paulo Hospital das Clinicas
Study officials:
References:
citation: Jansson JR, Fukada T, Ozaki M, Kimura S. Propofol EDTA and reduced incidence of infection. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2006 Jun;34(3):362-8. doi: 10.1177/0310057X0603400305.
citation: Fukada T, Ozaki M. Microbial growth in propofol formulations with disodium edetate and the influence of venous access system dead space. Anaesthesia. 2007 Jun;62(6):575-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05002.x.
citation: Trepanier CA, Lessard MR. Propofol and the risk of transmission of infection. Can J Anaesth. 2003 Jun-Jul;50(6):533-7. doi: 10.1007/BF03018635. No abstract available. English, French.
citation: Bennett SN, McNeil MM, Bland LA, Arduino MJ, Villarino ME, Perrotta DM, Burwen DR, Welbel SF, Pegues DA, Stroud L, et al. Postoperative infections traced to contamination of an intravenous anesthetic, propofol. N Engl J Med. 1995 Jul 20;333(3):147-54. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199507203330303.
Clinical trial NCT05329558: Local and Systemic Changes in Osteonecrosis of the Jawbone
Official title: Pilot Study: Local and Systemic Changes in Osteonecrosis of the Jawbone
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION
Conditions: Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Lead sponsor: Medical University of Graz
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2022-04-15
Enrollment: 100
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Observational model: CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Patients at the Department of Oral Surgery and Radiology, University Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Graz, Austria

Brief summary: Osteonecrosis of the Jawbone (ONJ) is a serious complication of antiresorptive therapies (ARTs), for example with bisphosphonates or Denosumab. Especially long term treatment with intravenous antiresorptive agents causing lesions and, less frequent, also oral administration. This study aims at elucidating local and systemic changes in patients with ONJ.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years or older
* with/without ART
* with/without MRONJ

Exclusion Criteria:

* smoker (\>10 cigarettes/day)
* pregnancy

Primary outcomes:
measure: target gene expression
timeFrame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Graz
country: Austria
facility: Medical University of Graz
Study officials:
affiliation: Medical University of Graz
name: Stephan Acham
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT03849196: Effectiveness of Bisacodyl Suppository Agent for Dose Reduction of Low Dose PEG
Official title: Simultaneous Combination of Bisacodyl Suppository Agent and 1L Polyethylene Glycol Plus Ascorbic Acid is Not Inferior and Comfortable Regimen Compared With 2L Polyethylene Glycol Plus Ascorbic Acid: A Randomized Controlled Study
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Bowel Preparation
Lead sponsor: Samsung Medical Center
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2019-02-21
Enrollment: 168
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 20
Maximum age (years): 70
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Intervention model description: prospective, randomized, and observer-blind study
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Proper bowel cleansing before colonoscopy is an important factor to increase the detection rate of lesions. Low volume polyethylene glycol (PEG) plus ascorbic (PEG-Asc) has reduced the dosage of previous bowel preparation agent, but it still presents discomfort to patients. The aim of this study was to confirm the efficacy and convenience of volume reduction of PEG-Asc by adding bisacodyl suppository at the same day by compared with conventional 2L PEG-Asc.

Detailed description: Eligibility criteria: outpatients between the ages of 20 and 70 years, who were scheduled for colonoscopy between August 2017 and January 2018

Exclusion criteria: patients with a history of gastrointestinal tract surgery, inflammatory bowel disease, severe active colitis, underlying chronic kidney disease, or pregnancy.

Outcome measures: the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS)

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* outpatients who were scheduled for colonoscopy between August 2017 and January 2018

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of gastrointestinal tract surgery
* History of inflammatory bowel disease
* History of severe active colitis
* History of chronic kidney disease
* pregnant woman.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS).
timeFrame: 1 hour
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Seoul
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Samsung Medical Center
Study officials:
affiliation: Samsung Medical Center
name: brian.biochem@gmail.com Kim
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT00041496: Prevention Of Recurrence Of Atrial Fibrillation
Official title: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Group Study of the Safety and Efficacy of SB 207266 in Patients With Symptomatic Persistent Atrial Fibrillation (AF)
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Fibrillation, Atrial
Keywords: symptomatic atrial fibrillation
persistent atrial fibrillation
Lead sponsor: GlaxoSmithKline
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2002-07-12
Enrollment: 520
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether the study drug is effective in preventing the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (an abnormal heart rhythm).


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation requiring DC cardioversion.
* Duration of AF \>48 hrs. \<6 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* Concomitant Class I and/or III anti-arrhythmic drugs.
* Amiodarone treatment within 3 months of the study.
* Other inclusion or exclusion criteria to be determined by the physician and study sponsor.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Time-to-first symptomatic AF (atrial fibrillation)
timeFrame: Up to 26 Weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Time to first symptomatic or detected asymptomatic AF; spontaneous reversion to sinus rhythm prior to cardioversion
timeFrame: Up to 26 Weeks
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline
name: GSK Clinical Trials
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT00852696: Over Active Bladder Patients Having Sling Surgery
Official title: A Double Blind, Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial of the Perioperative Use of Solifenacin in the Management of Postoperative Overactive Bladder Symptoms in Patients With Mixed Incontinence Undergoing Suburethral Sling Procedures.
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: TERMINATED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Overactive Bladder
Keywords: Overactive Bladder
Incontinence
Solifenacin
Women
Postoperative
Lead sponsor: The Cleveland Clinic
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Astellas Pharma US, Inc.
First posted: 2009-02-27
Enrollment: 1
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 100
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether treatment with anti-muscarinic medications following sub-urethral sling procedures improves overall subjective and objective outcomes in women with mixed incontinence with primary stress symptoms.

Detailed description: Women with mixed incontinence with primary stress symptoms undergoing Sub-Urethral Sling Procedures will be randomized to peri-operative placebo or solifenacin. Subjects in the placebo group will take orally once daily for 9 weeks. Subjects in the Solifenacin group will take orally once daily for 9 weeks.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age \>/= 18
* Patient is appropriate for sub-urethral sling procedure
* Mixed urinary incontinence
* No antimuscarinic therapy for previous 30 days

Exclusion Criteria:

* Uncontrolled narrow angle glaucoma
* Acute cystitis
* Unevaluated hematuria
* Currently using anti-muscarinic therapy
* Unable to complete pre-operative urodynamics
* Contraindication to anti-cholinergic therapy
* Unable or unwilling to complete diaries or quality of life questionaire
* Significant (exteriorized) Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Primary outcomes:
measure: To Determine Whether Treatment With Anti-muscarinic Medications Following Sub-urethral Sling Procedures Improves Overall Subjective and Objective Outcomes in Women With Mixed Incontinence With Primary Stress Symptoms.
timeFrame: 9 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Weston
country: United States
facility: Cleveland Clinic Florida
state: Florida
Study officials:
affiliation: Cleeland Clinic
name: G W Davila, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT02003196: Effects of Viral Reactivation on Outcomes of Brain-injured Patients ( IBIS-VIRUS)
Official title: Effects of Viral Reactivation on Outcomes of Brain-injured Patients ( IBIS-VIRUS)
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Brain Injury
Keywords: Brain injury
virus
immunosuppression
mechanical ventilation
Lead sponsor: Nantes University Hospital
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2013-12-06
Enrollment: 375
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 75
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: * Acute brain injury (trauma, subarachnoid haemorrhage, stroke, infection) with Glasgow Coma Scale \<= 12
* Age between 18 and 75 years

Brief summary: Morbidity and mortality of ICU patients is increased by the development of a "immunosuppression" systemic (IS). This IS develops in the early hours of hospitalization and is responsible for severe infections, including viral reactivations (Cytomegalovirus or Herpes Simplex Virus). Viral reactivation was associated with increased morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. In clinical practice, they are searched at the onset of organ failure or unexplained fever. The investigators wish to conduct this research in the stroke patients to assess the predictive power of these viral reactivations on the duration of mechanical ventilation.

Detailed description: PCR for herpes simplex virus in blood and in tracheal aspirate (Day-1, Day-7 and Day-15) - clinicians are blinded to the results PCR for Cytomegalovirus in blood and in tracheal aspirate (Day-1, Day-7 and Day-15) - clinicians are blinded to the results

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Hospitalisation in intensive care unit
* Acute brain injury (trauma, subarachnoid haemorrhage, stroke, infection) with Glasgow Coma Scale \<= 12
* Age between 18 and 75 years
* Mechanical ventilation \> 24 hours

Exclusion Criteria:

* encephalopathy post anoxy
* active cancer
* Immunosuppresseur treatment
* pregnancy
* history of autoimmune disease

Primary outcomes:
measure: Ventilatory-free days at day 90
timeFrame: 90 days
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Bacterial hospital acquiered infection
timeFrame: 28 days
measure: organ failure
timeFrame: 28 days
measure: hospitalisation length of stay
timeFrame: 28 days
measure: Mortality
timeFrame: 28 days and 90 days
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Nantes
country: France
facility: CHU de Nantes
Study officials:
affiliation: Nantes University Hospital
name: Karim Asehnoune, Pr
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT01799096: Effects of the Sugar Sucrose on Bodyweight and Energy Intake Over 28 Days in Obese Women
Official title: Effects of the Sugar Sucrose on Bodyweight and Energy Intake Over 28 Days in Obese Women
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Obesity
Lead sponsor: University of Hull
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2013-02-26
Enrollment: 41
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 20
Maximum age (years): 55
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE

Brief summary: This study partially replicates two previous studies with normal weight women, and overweight women. Both found that women could compensate for sucrose added to the diet in carbonated soft drinks (4 x250ml total1800 kJ per day) when it was given blind over a period of 4 weeks. The hypothesis is that this applies also to obese women, who will not gain weight, increase overall energy intake in the diet, or eat differently whilst consuming sucrose. 42 participants shall be randomly assigned to either be given carbonated drinks that contain sucrose, or drinks that are artificially sweetened.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Female
* BMI 30-35 kg/m²
* at least one period of dietary restriction of 4 weeks or more in the last 24 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* dislike of popular sweet carbonated drinks
* dieting during the last month
* history of diabetes
* having an eating disorder
* depression,
* being a smoker
* pregnant
* lactating,
* wearing a pacemaker
* currently taking medication for mood or thyroid disorders

Primary outcomes:
measure: Change in body weight from baseline
timeFrame: 4 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Mean daily dietary intake estimated from unweighed food diaries
timeFrame: 4 weeks
Other outcomes:
measure: Rated Mood
timeFrame: 4 weeks
Locations:
Study officials:
References:
citation: Reid M, Hammersley R, Duffy M, Ballantyne C. Effects on obese women of the sugar sucrose added to the diet over 28 d: a quasi-randomised, single-blind, controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2014 Feb;111(3):563-70. doi: 10.1017/S0007114513002687. Epub 2013 Oct 29.
Clinical trial NCT06802796: Plasma NGAL in APN Patients
Official title: Plasma NGAL as a Predictor to Acute Pyelonephritis : Case -Control Cohort Study .
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Pyelonephritis
Lead sponsor: Kafrelsheikh University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2025-01-31
Enrollment: 120
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 20
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: All adult patient had fever due to renal infection

Brief summary: In recent years, novel biomarkers of renal dysfunction have attracted attention for the diagnosis of UTIs. NGAL is a 25 kDa protein that belongs to the lipocalin. It acts as a transporter for small hydrophobic molecules and is involved in many physiological processes, such as modulating inflammation, innate immune response, and maintaining metabolic homeostasis


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* above 20 years Suspected have pyelonphirtis

Exclusion Criteria:

* age below 20

Primary outcomes:
measure: Result of plasma NGAL test
timeFrame: One day
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Zagazig
country: Egypt
facility: Elsayed Abdelhalim Elsayed
Study officials:
References:
Clinical trial NCT05572996: Inhaled Treprostinil Expanded Access Program in Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Interstitial Lung Disease
Study type: EXPANDED_ACCESS
Overall status: AVAILABLE
Conditions: Pulmonary Hypertension
Interstitial Lung Disease
Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema
Keywords: Inhaled Treprostinil
Tyvaso
EAP
Expanded Access
Early Access
Compassionate Use
Named Patient Program
NPP
PH-ILD
Lead sponsor: Ferrer Internacional S.A.
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2022-10-10
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT

Brief summary: This is an Expanded Access Program (EAP) for eligible participants with Pulmonary Hypertension associated with Interstitial Lung Disease (PH-ILD) designed to provide access to Inhaled Treprostinil. Availability will depend on territory elegibility.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patient consent
2. Males and females aged 18 years old or older
3. PH-ILD diagnosis:

   * Confirmed diagnosis of Group 3 PH by Right Heart Catheterization (RHC):

     - mPAP \> 20 mmHg with PAWP ≤ 15 mmHg and PVR ≥ 2 WU and
   * Confirmed diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal lung disease based on imaging (any form of ILD or CPFE)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosis of PAH or PH for reasons other than Group 3 PH-ILD
2. Use of concomitant PAH drugs contraindicated for PH-ILD (ambrisentan and riociguat)
3. Use of any concomitant investigational drug

Primary outcomes:
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
References:
Clinical trial NCT01552096: Tramadol Versus Lidocaine Infiltration for Tonsillectomy
Official title: A Comparative Study of the Effects of Pre-incisional Infiltration of Tramadol or Lidocaine on the Inflammatory Response After Tonsillectomy.
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Peri-tonsillar Analgesic Infiltration
Tonsillectomy
Postoperative Pain
Inflammatory Response
Keywords: Anaesthesia
tonsillectomy
inflammatory response
stress response
tramadol
lidocaine
Lead sponsor: Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2012-03-13
Enrollment: 90
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 2
Maximum age (years): 6
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The investigators postulate that the use of pre-incisional peritonsillar infiltration of tramadol or lidocaine reduces both the inflammatory response and postoperative analgesic consumption, without harmful effects. Therefore, the present study is designed to evaluate the effects of infiltration of tramadol or lidocaine on the postoperative acute-phase serum protein, C-reactive protein, and analgesic consumption after tonsillectomy.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* ASA I \& II preschool children aged 2-6 years, undergoing elective tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy, under general anaesthesia. Indications for tonsillectomy will be chronic recurrent tonsillitis or tonsillar hypertrophy

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with a history of allergy to tramadol or amide local anaesthetics, epilepsy, or taking cardiovascular, antihypertensive, steroids, or anti-inflammatory medications, those with cardiac, liver, or kidney diseases, or any underlying systemic diseases or acute infectious processes will be excluded from the study. All operations will be performed, using an electro-dissection technique, by the same surgeon.

Primary outcomes:
measure: inflammatory and stress response
timeFrame: 24 hours
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Hemodynamic changes
timeFrame: 24 hours
measure: pain score
timeFrame: 24 hours
measure: Side-effects
timeFrame: 24 hours
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Al-Khobar
country: Saudi Arabia
facility: Dammam University KFHU
state: EP
city: Al-Khobar
country: Saudi Arabia
facility: UD-KFHU
state: EP
Study officials:
affiliation: UD
name: laila Telmesani, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Associate Professor
name: Hany A. Mowafi, MD
role: STUDY_CHAIR
affiliation: Assistant Consultant
name: Alaa M. Khidr, MD
role: STUDY_CHAIR
affiliation: Assistant Consultant
name: Abdulhadi Al'Saflan, MD
role: STUDY_CHAIR
References:
Clinical trial NCT01627496: Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in Older Adults
Official title: Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in Older Hospitalised Adults
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Malnutrition
Keywords: malnutrition
elderly care
quality of life
hospital
Lead sponsor: University of Surrey
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2012-06-25
Enrollment: 40
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 75
Standard ages: OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: CROSS_SECTIONAL
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Hospitalised older adults (\>75years)

Brief summary: The aim of this study is to determine the nutritional status, and factors affecting malnutrition in older people staying in hospitals.

Objectives:

* To recruit a sample of older people in hospital
* To collect information on nutritional status, satisfaction with food-related life and experience with access to food in hospital.
* To assess the staffing attitudes to nutritional care of the older adult
* To undertake an audit of therapeutic ('special') diets served in hospitals, with respect to their nutritional adequacy and wastage
* To investigate predictors and correlates of malnutrition within the hospital setting and compare these relationships with those previously identified in care homes and the community.
* To make recommendations for practice to improve the nutritional status of hospitalised older adults.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged ≥ 75 years old
* Male or female
* Duration of stay is more than 24hrs
* Able to eat normally
* Able to read and write English
* Able to be weighed standing or sitting OR accurate weight available since admission

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age below 75 years old
* Newly admitted patient (less than 24hrs)
* Certain medical conditions likely to affect digestion/ absorption of nutrients (researchers will assess)
* Unable to provide informed written consent
* Patients on gastric surgical wards or suffering from gastritis
* Patients currently taking laxatives
* Unable to be weighed and no measured weight available (self report weight is not adequate)

Primary outcomes:
measure: Nutritional status
timeFrame: baseline
measure: Satisfaction with food related quality of life
timeFrame: baseline
measure: Dietary intake
timeFrame: baseline
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Food Access in Hospital
timeFrame: baseline
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Guildford
country: United Kingdom
facility: Royal Surrey County Hospital
state: Surrey
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Surrey
name: Noraida Omar, BSc
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: