Clinical trial NCT06465641: Methylphenidate in KBG Syndrome: N-of-1 Series
Official title: Effectiveness of Methylphenidate in Children and Adolescents With KBG Syndrome: An N-of-1 Series
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: PHASE4
Conditions: Kbg Syndrome
ADHD - Combined Type
Lead sponsor: Radboud University Medical Center
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2024-06-20
Enrollment: 15
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 6
Maximum age (years): 20
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Intervention model description: N-of-1 series (aggregated N-of-1 trial)
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The goal of this clinical trial\] is to learn about the effect of methylphenidate in children and adolescents with KBG syndrome. The main question it aims to answer is:

• What is the effectiveness of methylphenidate on attention deficit and ADHD-related symptoms in children and adolescents with KBG syndrome?

Participants will receive multiple blocks of treatment with methylphenidate and placebo and fill out various questionnaires.

Detailed description: KBG syndrome (KBGS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) characterized by developmental delay and/or intellectual disability, typical facial features, skeletal and congenital anomalies.

Behavioural issues are a frequent feature, reported in 50-94% of persons with KBGS.The behavioural problems are diverse, and include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, and difficulties in social situations. Van Dongen et al. systematically investigated the behavioural and cognitive phenotype of KBGS patients. This study showed a high level of distractibility, impulsivity and restless behaviour in KBGS patients. As a tertiary reference centre for KBGS in the Netherlands, the investigators notice there is an unmet need for evidence-based interventions for the behavioral problems related to KBGS. A previous survey amongst KBGS caretakers confirmed that (features of) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are the most frequently reported behavioural problems in children with KBGS. Furthermore, the study results indicate that methylphenidate (MPH) has a good effect on ADHD-related symptoms in KBGS, as this is reported by most parents. The promising results from this first exploration on MPH in KBGS indicate that it seems even more effective than in the general population of children with ADHD. However, evidence-based data on optimal dosing and adverse events are lacking. Remarkably, only 2/12 KBGS patients who were treated with stimulants such as MPH had an official ADHD diagnosis. This indicates that patients with ADHD-related symptoms fitting with a probability diagnosis of ADHD, but who do not necessarily fit all the Diagnostic and statistical manual 5 (DSM-5) criteria for ADHD, may also benefit from drug treatment.

The investigators will examine the effectiveness of MPH in children and adolescents with KBGS and (a probability diagnosis of) ADHD, using an N-of-1 series (aggregated N-of-1) trial design.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 6-20 years
* Molecularly confirmed diagnosis of KBG syndrome (pathogenic ANKRD11 variant or a chromosome 16q24 deletion including ANKRD11)
* Attention deficit or ADHD-related symptoms or a formal ADHD diagnosis, with a significant impact on daily life\*
* Presence of a subject's caregiver or supervisor for proxy-reports

Exclusion Criteria:

* Family history of acute cardiac death that warrants further cardiac investigation
* Cardiovascular disease in medical history (severe hypertension, heart failure, arterial occlusive disease, potentially life-threatening arrythmias, angina pectoris, hemodynamically significant congenital heart defect, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction and channelopathy)
* Current or previous presence of hyperthyroidism, glaucoma or pheochromocytoma
* Use of (psychotropic/stimulant) drugs which interact with MPH
* Schizophrenic or psychotic disorder in medical history
* Unstable epilepsy (not controlled with medication)
* History of frequent drug and/or alcohol abuse
* Excessive alcohol/drug use and/or intoxication with one or both during the study
* Pregnant or lactating women
* Inability to understand or speak Dutch

Primary outcomes:
measure: Strenghts and difficulties questionnaire, ADHD subscale
timeFrame: Baseline, and daily in week 1,3,5,7,9,11
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Strenghts and difficulties questionnaire, emotional problems subscale
timeFrame: Baseline, and daily in week 1,3,5,7,9,11
measure: Dutch shortened version of the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory (EDI) reactivity index
timeFrame: Baseline, and daily in week 1,3,5,7,9,11
measure: Goal Attainment Scoring (GAS)
timeFrame: Baseline, and at the end of week 1,3,5,7,9,11
measure: Personal Questionnaire (PQ)
timeFrame: Baseline, and at the end of week 1,3,5,7,9,11
measure: Adverse Effects checklist for methylphenidate
timeFrame: Baseline, and daily in week 1,3,5,7,9,11
measure: McMaster Family assessment device (FAD), subscale General Functioning
timeFrame: Baseline, and at the end of week 1,3,5,7,9,11
measure: Autism diagnostic observation scale (ADOS-2)
timeFrame: Baseline
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Nijmegen
country: Netherlands
facility: Radboud University Medical Center
state: Gelderland
Study officials:
References: