Clinical trial NCT04078971: Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition and Performance in Soccer Players
Official title: Effects of a Very Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, Muscle Area, Metabolism and Performance in Semi-professional Soccer Players
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Athletic Performance
Keywords: ketogenic diet
western diet
soccer
sport performance
muscle mass
body composition
Lead sponsor: University of Padova
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2019-09-06
Enrollment: 16
Sex: MALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 30
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Intervention model description: It is single blind, parallel arms study
Primary purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE

Brief summary: A ketogenic diet (KD) is a nutritional approach, usually adopted for weight loss, that restricts daily carbohydrates under 30 g/day. KD showed contradictory results on sport performance, whilst no data are available on team sports. The investigators will investigate the influence of a KD on different parameters in soccer players

Detailed description: Sixteen semi-professional soccer players will be randomly assigned to a ketogenic diet (KD n=8) or to a western diet (WD n=8). Diets contain the same amount of protein (1.8g/Kg body weight/day). Body weight and body composition will be measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Resting energy expenditure (REE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), cross sectional area (CSA) and isometric muscle strength of quadriceps, counter movement jump (CMJ) and yoyo intermittent recovery test will be measured.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria

* semiprofessional soccer players
* male

Exclusion Criteria:

* body fat percentage over 32%, (determined via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry DEXA),
* cardiovascular,
* respiratory, gastrointestinal,
* thyroid or any other metabolic diseases,
* weight change more than 2 Kg over the last month,
* adherence to special diets,
* use of nutritional supplements (except a daily multivitamin-mineral)
* use of medication to control blood lipids or glucose and goal-keepers.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Fat body mass
timeFrame: 4 weeks
measure: lean body mass
timeFrame: 4 weeks
measure: Visceral Adipose tissue (VAT)
timeFrame: 4 weeks
measure: Total body water
timeFrame: 4 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: resting energy expenditure (REE)
timeFrame: 4 weeks
measure: respiratory ratio (RR)
timeFrame: 4 weeks
measure: specific performance
timeFrame: 4 weeks
measure: lower limb power
timeFrame: 4 weeks
measure: quadriceps muscle area
timeFrame: 4 weeks
measure: quadriceps muscle thickness
timeFrame: 4 weeks
measure: quadriceps strength
timeFrame: 4 weeks
measure: quadriceps strength per area
timeFrame: 4 weeks
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Padova
country: Italy
facility: Nutrition and Exercise Lab, DSB, University of Padova
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Padova
name: Antonio Paoli, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Rubini A, Bosco G, Lodi A, Cenci L, Parmagnani A, Grimaldi K, Zhongjin Y, Paoli A. Erratum to: Effects of Twenty Days of the Ketogenic Diet on Metabolic and Respiratory Parameters in Healthy Subjects. Lung. 2017 Feb;195(1):155. doi: 10.1007/s00408-016-9958-0. No abstract available.
citation: Paoli A, Bianco A, Grimaldi KA. The Ketogenic Diet and Sport: A Possible Marriage? Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2015 Jul;43(3):153-62. doi: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000050.
citation: Paoli A, Grimaldi K, D'Agostino D, Cenci L, Moro T, Bianco A, Palma A. Ketogenic diet does not affect strength performance in elite artistic gymnasts. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012 Jul 26;9(1):34. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-9-34.
citation: Antonio Paoli A, Mancin L, Caprio M, Monti E, Narici MV, Cenci L, Piccini F, Pincella M, Grigoletto D, Marcolin G. Effects of 30 days of ketogenic diet on body composition, muscle strength, muscle area, metabolism, and performance in semi-professional soccer players. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021 Sep 16;18(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s12970-021-00459-9.