Clinical trial NCT03897907: The Effect of Psychologically Informed Education in Adolescents With Patellofemoral Pain
Official title: The Effect of Psychologically Informed Education in Adolescents With Patellofemoral Pain
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Anterior Knee Pain Syndrome
Lead sponsor: Nationwide Children's Hospital
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2019-04-01
Enrollment: 68
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 12
Maximum age (years): 18
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: This is a randomized prospective study assessing the impact of psychosocial factors on pain and physical performance among adolescents with anterior knee pain. A set of psychosocial surveys assessing activity-related fear, stress, anxiety and depression will be completed by the participant/parents. Participants will then complete clinical tests of physical performance, numeric pain rating scale, and a self-report questionnaire of functional ability. Participants will then be randomized into one of two psychosocial intervention groups (psychologically informed education group and a control group). After participants receive their assigned education intervention, the clinical tests of pain and self-reported functional ability will be readministered. Participants with anterior knee pain will then complete follow-up surveys of their psychosocial beliefs, pain and self-reported functional ability through REDcap at immediately post-intervention, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months.

Detailed description: This study will be a prospective randomized controlled trial design. Participants will complete the randomized intervention immediately after completing baseline testing. Post-intervention testing will also be completed immediately after the randomized intervention. A follow-up REDcap survey will be sent by email to assess function and pain at 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 3 months.

Intervention Psychologically Informed Education Group Psychologically Informed Education Medium There are many ways to provide patient education, but the investigators believe that adolescents will respond well to video education on a tablet. Adolescents are extremely comfortable with this technology, and the video will allow for standardized education among all participants.

Development of Psychologically Informed Education for adolescents with AKP Recommended adult pain science education will be modified using published recommendations for the adolescent population and tailored to anterior knee pain.(Robins, Perron, Heathcote, \& Simons, 2016) The education session will teach participants how the body processes nociception and experiences pain, and pain does not mean tissues are being damaged. Additionally the psychologically informed education video will use the framework called the "Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation" which advocates for education to address five cognitive dimensions: (1) identity (the effort to evaluate symptoms and label the illness); (2) cause (the subjectively formulated belief of what is causing the symptoms); (3) time-line (the patient's perception of how long the problem will last); (4) consequences (the patient's predictions of how the illness will affect them in different areas of their life); and (5) controllability (the patient's belief regarding their outcome and personal ability to change it).(Leventhal, Phillips, \& Burns, 2016) Control Group Participants in the control education group will watch a video on the iPad equal in length to the psychologically informed education video. The control video will discuss basic anatomy of the knee and provide no psychosocial education or positive reinforcement about their condition.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

Having patellofemoral pain as defined as: Pain around or behind the patella, which is aggravated by at least one activity that loads the patellofemoral joint during weight bearing on a flexed knee (e.g., squatting, stair ambulation, jogging/running, hopping/jumping)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Prior history of patellar dislocation.
2. Suspicion of other diagnosis of the knee by evaluating physical therapist or principal investigator.
3. Other concomitant injury of the leg.
4. Prior history of knee surgery.
5. Red flags present for non-musculoskeletal involvement (bowel/bladder problems, saddle anesthesia, progressive neurological deficits, recent fever or infection, unexplained weight loss, unable to change symptoms with mechanical testing).
6. Numbness and tingling in any lumbar dermatome.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Change in Anterior Knee Pain Scale
timeFrame: Time Frame: Baseline, 2 weeks (12-16 days post-evaluation), 6 weeks (39-46 days post-evaluation), and 3 months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Change in Numeric Pain Rating Scale
timeFrame: Time Frame: Baseline, 2 weeks (12-16 days post-evaluation), 6 weeks (39-46 days post-evaluation), and 3 months
measure: Change in Fear-Avoidance Beliefs
timeFrame: Time Frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, 2 weeks (12-16 days post-evaluation),
measure: Change in Kinesiophobia
timeFrame: Time Frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, 2 weeks (12-16 days post-evaluation),
measure: Change in Pain Catastrophizing
timeFrame: Time Frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, 2 weeks (12-16 days post-evaluation),
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Columbus
country: United States
facility: Nationwide Children's Hospital Sports and Ortho Physical Therapy
state: Ohio
Study officials:
affiliation: Nationwide Children's Hospital
name: Mitchell Selhorst, DPT
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Grotle M, Garratt AM, Krogstad Jenssen H, Stuge B. Reliability and construct validity of self-report questionnaires for patients with pelvic girdle pain. Phys Ther. 2012 Jan;92(1):111-23. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20110076. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
citation: Leventhal H, Phillips LA, Burns E. The Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation (CSM): a dynamic framework for understanding illness self-management. J Behav Med. 2016 Dec;39(6):935-946. doi: 10.1007/s10865-016-9782-2. Epub 2016 Aug 11.
citation: Robins H, Perron V, Heathcote LC, Simons LE. Pain Neuroscience Education: State of the Art and Application in Pediatrics. Children (Basel). 2016 Dec 21;3(4):43. doi: 10.3390/children3040043.
citation: Vlaeyen JWS, Linton SJ. Fear-avoidance model of chronic musculoskeletal pain: 12 years on. Pain. 2012 Jun;153(6):1144-1147. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.12.009. Epub 2012 Feb 8. No abstract available.
citation: Wang YC, Hart DL, Stratford PW, Mioduski JE. Baseline dependency of minimal clinically important improvement. Phys Ther. 2011 May;91(5):675-88. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20100229. Epub 2011 Mar 3.
citation: Watson CJ, Propps M, Ratner J, Zeigler DL, Horton P, Smith SS. Reliability and responsiveness of the lower extremity functional scale and the anterior knee pain scale in patients with anterior knee pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2005 Mar;35(3):136-46. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2005.35.3.136.
citation: Crossley KM, Bennell KL, Cowan SM, Green S. Analysis of outcome measures for persons with patellofemoral pain: which are reliable and valid? Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 May;85(5):815-22. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(03)00613-0.