Clinical trial NCT05876637: Effects of Left Nostril Breathing in Young Females Having Cardiovascular Hyper Reactivity to Cold Pressor Test.
Official title: Effects of Left Nostril Breathing in Young Females Having Cardiovascular Hyper Reactivity to Cold Pressor Test.
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Healthy
Keywords: blood pressure
cold pressor test
heart rate
Lead sponsor: Riphah International University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2023-05-25
Enrollment: 60
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 25
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: OTHER

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of left nostril breathing in young females having cardiovascular hyper reactivity to cold pressor test.Although,limited literature exist regarding hyper reactivity towards stress induced test in our youth and its effective and easy treatment in the form of left nostril breathing which could proves to be beneficial for our youth.

Detailed description: The Cold Pressor Test (CPT) was introduced as a standard incentive for studying the vasomotor response (Hines and Brown 1932). Hyper-reactors were the subjects in his study who responded more strongly to CPT, Participants who show hyper reactivity to Cold pressor test (i.e. subjects showing 25 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure along with 20 mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure).They proposed that these hyper reactive could be candidates for hypertension in the future. Increased occurrence of these diseases could be attributed to an asymmetry in sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation. Control or adaptation of breathing or breathing workouts i-e yoga are thought to be beneficial in the treatment of such disease. Although Yoga techniques proven to be effective in treating stress related disorders but it is time consuming and young population because of their busy routine couldn't be able to take out time for their health related issues. This study introduces very simple exercise in the form of left nostril breathing which decreases sympathetic activity and increases parasympathetic activity. It is inversely proportional to stress induced response of the body, it is very easy to perform and can be done at any time, and if found significantly effective for stress disorder ,it could be used in daily routine by our youth to get themselves prevented from major risk factors of CVD's particularly hypertension. This study will identify participants with a high potential risk of developing hypertension in the future by administering Cold pressor test, additionally the effects of left nostril breathing intervention on hyper reactive participants would be observed and if found significant, it would be a major breakthrough in primary prevention of hypertension.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants falling in the following category would be recruited into the study:
* Females Age (18-25) years
* Participants who show hyper reactivity to Cold pressor test (i.e subjects showing 25mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure along with 20mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure)
* Consenting participants.

Exclusion Criteria:

* The participants in the following category would be excluded from the study:
* Participants on antihypertensive drugs.
* Participants who are diagnosed with any cardiovascular, renal, hepatic or metabolic disease.
* Participants having malignant tumor.
* Participants with nasal blockages, polyps ,Raynaud phenomena
* Females during menstrual cycle, pregnancy or on oral contraceptives.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Cold pressor test
timeFrame: After 4 weeks
measure: Blood pressure
timeFrame: After 4 weeks
measure: Heart Rate
timeFrame: After 4 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Oxygen saturation
timeFrame: after 4 weeks
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Abbottābād
country: Pakistan
facility: Women Instritute of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jinnah College of Nursing
state: KPK
Study officials:
affiliation: Riphah International University
name: Suman Sheraz, PhD*
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Shah N, Shah Q, Shah AJ. The burden and high prevalence of hypertension in Pakistani adolescents: a meta-analysis of the published studies. Arch Public Health. 2018 Apr 2;76:20. doi: 10.1186/s13690-018-0265-5. eCollection 2018.
citation: Malhotra V, Srivastava R, Parasuraman P, Javed D, Wakode S, Thakare A, Sampath A, Kumari A. Immediate autonomic changes during right nostril breathing and left nostril breathing in regular yoga practitioners. J Educ Health Promot. 2022 Aug 25;11:280. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_343_22. eCollection 2022.
citation: Jain N, Srivastava RD, Singhal A. The effects of right and left nostril breathing on cardiorespiratory and autonomic parameters. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Oct-Dec;49(4):469-74.
citation: Bargal S, Nalgirkar V, Patil A, Langade D. Evaluation of the Effect of Left Nostril Breathing on Cardiorespiratory Parameters and Reaction Time in Young Healthy Individuals. Cureus. 2022 Feb 18;14(2):e22351. doi: 10.7759/cureus.22351. eCollection 2022 Feb.
citation: Wood DL, Sheps SG, Elveback LR, Schirger A. Cold pressor test as a predictor of hypertension. Hypertension. 1984 May-Jun;6(3):301-6. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.6.3.301.