Clinical trial NCT06155331: Evaluation of Possible Safety and Efficacy of Fenofibrate in the Prophylaxis of Doxorubicin Induced Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Patients
Official title: Clinical Study to Evaluate the Possible Safety and Efficacy of Fenofibrate in the Prophylaxis of Doxorubicin Induced Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Patients
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: PHASE4
Conditions: Breast Cancer Stage 2 and 3
Keywords: Breast cancer , Doxorubicin, Fenofibrate , Cardiotoxicity
Lead sponsor: Tanta University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2023-12-04
Enrollment: 44
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 75
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: This study aims at evaluating the possible safety and efficacy of fenofibrate in attenuating doxorubicin related cardiac toxicity in breast cancer patients.

Detailed description: Breast cancer represents the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide (Sung et al., 2021). In Egypt, breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, accounting for 38.8% of cancers in this population, with the estimated number of breast cancer cases nearly 22,700 in 2020 and forecasted to be approximately 46,000 in 2050 (Ibrahim et al., 2014).

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a cytotoxic agent that is commonly used for treatment of breast cancer. Despite its effectiveness, doxorubicin is associated with cumulative and potential cardiotoxicity (Rawat et al.,2021).

Although the precise mechanisms whereby DOX induces myocardial injury have not been fully elucidated, it is widely accepted that DOX induces cardiac injury via several mechanisms, including activation of nuclear factor- Kabba B (NF-ĸB), the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the generation of free radicals, the promotion of apoptotic cell death, and the suppression of Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) mobilization and function, which are typical changes observed in DOX-induced cardiotoxcity (Cardinale et al., 2020).

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) has been proposed as a key lipid metabolism modulator and regulator of inflammation. There are three isotypes of PPAR (α, β and ȣ) which have distinct but overlapping functions. Fenofibrate, an important PPAR- α agonist, is widely used in in the treatment for hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia (Kim and Kim, 2020). Many studies demonstrated the pleiotropic effects of fenofibrate on the heart that afford direct myocardial protection in addition to the lipid-lowering effects through improvement of vascular endothelial function, reducing oxidative stress and increasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation (Walker et al., 2012; Jen et al., 2016).

In addition recent animal study showed that fenofibrate decreased the transactivation of Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), activated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and increased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, which in turn suppressed MMP-2 (matrix 4 metalloproteinase-2) and MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9), a well-recognized mediator of adverse ventricular fibrosis and subsequent remodeling, which established the role of fenofibrate against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in mice (Huang et al., 2021). In addition, it is known that DOX- increases circulating N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT- pro-BNP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) that were attenuated by fenofibrate (Huang et al., 2021)

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 18 years old.
* Patients with biopsy confirmed diagnosis breast cancer and with stage II and stage III breast cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (TNM staging system of breast cancer).
* Patients with performance status \<2 according to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score.
* Adequate baseline hematologic values (absolute neutrophilic count ≥ 1.5 × 109/L, platelet count ≥ 100 × 109/L and hemoglobin level ≥ 10 g/dl).
* Patients with adequate liver function (serum bilirubin \< 1.2 mg/dl) and adequate renal function (serum creatinine \< 1.5 mg/d).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with prior exposure to anthracyclines in the last 6 months.
* Patients with evidence of metastasis at the initial assessment.
* Concomitant use of antioxidant vitamins (vitamin A, C, E).
* Presence of clinical evidence for severe cardiac illness (angina pectoris, uncontrolled hypertension, arrhythmias and left ventricular ejection fraction \<50%).
* Patients with inflammatory diseases (ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis).
* Patients with conditions associated with oxidative stress (smoking, tuberculosis, comorbid obesity).
* Patients who are candidates for monoclonal antibodies such as Trastuzumab and other targeted therapy (HER2 positive patients).
* Patients with active liver disease (cirrhosis, fatty liver, hepatitis C, etc..).
* Patients with myopathy.
* Patients with renal impairment, including those with end-stage renal disease and those receiving dialysis.
* Pregnant and breast feeding women.
* Known allergy to the fenofibrates.
* Concurrent use of statin, colchicine, ciprofibrate, idelalisib, ivacaftor, aspirin low strength, clopidogrel, warfarin, enzyme inducers (phenytoin, phenobarbitone, carbamazepine,...), enzyme inhibitors (allopurinol, MAOI, SSRI,...), drugs with high plasma protein binding capacity (sulfonamides, valproate, oral hypoglycemic, warfarin,...) in order to avoid potential pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic drug interactions.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Assessment of changes in ejection fraction (the amount of blood that heart pumps each beat) using echocardiography
timeFrame: 3 months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Changes in serum levels of the measured biological markers
timeFrame: 3 months
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Tanta
country: Egypt
facility: Hagar Dewidar
state: Elgharbya
Study officials:
affiliation: Tanta University
name: Hagar Dewidar, Instructor
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Amin MB, Greene FL, Edge SB, Compton CC, Gershenwald JE, Brookland RK, Meyer L, Gress DM, Byrd DR, Winchester DP. The Eighth Edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more "personalized" approach to cancer staging. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017 Mar;67(2):93-99. doi: 10.3322/caac.21388. Epub 2017 Jan 17.
citation: Cardinale D, Iacopo F, Cipolla CM. Cardiotoxicity of Anthracyclines. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2020 Mar 18;7:26. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00026. eCollection 2020.
citation: Czupryniak L, Joshi SR, Gogtay JA, Lopez M. Effect of micronized fenofibrate on microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2016 Aug;17(11):1463-73. doi: 10.1080/14656566.2016.1195811. Epub 2016 Jun 15.
citation: Huang WP, Yin WH, Chen JS, Huang PH, Chen JW, Lin SJ. Fenofibrate attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice via activating the eNOS/EPC pathway. Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 13;11(1):1159. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-80984-4.
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citation: Jen HL, Liu PL, Chen YH, Yin WH, Chen JW, Lin SJ. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor alpha Reduces Endothelin-1-Caused Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Inhibiting Nuclear Factor-kappaB and Adiponectin. Mediators Inflamm. 2016;2016:5609121. doi: 10.1155/2016/5609121. Epub 2016 Oct 11.
citation: Kim NH, Kim SG. Fibrates Revisited: Potential Role in Cardiovascular Risk Reduction. Diabetes Metab J. 2020 Apr;44(2):213-221. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0001.
citation: Rawat PS, Jaiswal A, Khurana A, Bhatti JS, Navik U. Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: An update on the molecular mechanism and novel therapeutic strategies for effective management. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Jul;139:111708. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111708. Epub 2021 May 13.
citation: Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021 May;71(3):209-249. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660. Epub 2021 Feb 4.
citation: Walker AE, Kaplon RE, Lucking SM, Russell-Nowlan MJ, Eckel RH, Seals DR. Fenofibrate improves vascular endothelial function by reducing oxidative stress while increasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase in healthy normolipidemic older adults. Hypertension. 2012 Dec;60(6):1517-23. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.203661. Epub 2012 Oct 29.