louisbrulenaudet/clinical-trials huggingface dataset:
Clinical trial NCT03441230: Determination of the Characteristics of Isometric Gastric Motility Measurement in Healthy Volunteers
Official title: ANTERO-AC-2: Determination of the Characteristics of Isometric Gastric Motility Measurement in Healthy Volunteers
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Gastroparesis
Keywords: stomach
motility
Lead sponsor: Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2018-02-22
Enrollment: 8
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 60
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Primary purpose: DIAGNOSTIC

Brief summary: There is a clear need for a novel method that can readily assess gastric motility in daily clinical practice. Isometric determination of the stomach motility would avoid the use of a large flaccid balloon while still being affordable. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal balloon characteristics that enable to measure motility-induced pressure changes in healthy volunteers.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* They are between 18-60 years old.
* Male and female.
* Patients must provide witnessed written informed consent prior to any study procedures being performed.

Exclusion Criteria:

* They are older than 60 years old and younger than 18 years.
* They are taking medication.
* Have severely decreased kidney function.
* Have severely decreased liver function.
* Have severe heart disease, for example a history of irregular heartbeats, angina or heart attack.
* Have severe lung disease.
* Have severe psychiatric illness or neurological illness.
* Have any gastrointestinal disease.
* Have any dyspeptic symptoms.
* Women that are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Detection of distal stomach-induced contractions using various intragastric balloons
timeFrame: up to 1 year
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Leuven
country: Belgium
facility: University Hospitals Leuven
state: Vlaams-Brabant
Study officials:
References:
Clinical trial NCT05876130: Postoperative Hypofractionated Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy Endometrial Cancer
Official title: Postoperative Hypofractionated Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy Endometrial Cancer: A Prospective Phase II Trial (POHIM_EM Trial)
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: NA
Conditions: Endometrial Cancer
Keywords: radiation therapy
hypofractionation
Lead sponsor: Samsung Medical Center
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2023-05-25
Enrollment: 92
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 20
Maximum age (years): 80
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Intervention model description: hypofractionated IMRT (2.5 Gy x 16 fractions)
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: To investigate the non-inferiority of disease-free survival in women who received hypofractionated intensity-modulated whole pelvic radiation therapy (2.5 Gy x 16 fractions) after curative surgery for stage III endometrial cancer.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* histologically confirmed endometrioid type endometrial cancer
* completion of hysterectomy and surgical staging
* pathologically confirmed FIGO stage III
* ECOG performance status 0 or 1
* adjuvant chemotherapy was done or planned

Exclusion Criteria:

* presence of distant metastasis
* previous history of pelvic radiotherapy
* severe and unstable medical condition
* previous history of other carcinoma except for thyroid cancer, skin cancer, and endometrial cancer

Primary outcomes:
measure: 5-year disease-free survival rate
timeFrame: 5 years
Secondary outcomes:
measure: acute toxicities
timeFrame: 3 months
measure: late toxicities
timeFrame: 5 years
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Seoul
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Samsung Medical Center
Study officials:
affiliation: Samsung Medical Center
name: Won Park
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT03133130: Study to Investigate the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of BMT101 in Healthy Male Volunteers
Official title: A Randomized, Single Blind, Single Dose, Placebo-controlled, Dose-escalation Phase I Study to Investigate the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Intradermal Dosage Form of BMT101 in Healthy Male Volunteers
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE1
Conditions: Hypertrophic Scar
Keywords: Scar
Scar prevention
siRNA
Lead sponsor: Hugel
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2017-04-28
Enrollment: 32
Sex: MALE
Minimum age (years): 19
Maximum age (years): 39
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Phase I Study to Investigate the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of BMT101 in Healthy Male Volunteers

Detailed description: A Randomized, Single Blind, Single Dose, Placebo-controlled, Dose-escalation Phase I Study to Investigate the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Intradermal Dosage Form of BMT101 in Healthy Male Volunteers

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adults, 19 \~ 39 years of age
2. Body Mass Index (BMI) between 19 to 25kg/㎡ (19kg/㎡ ≤ BMI \< 25kg/㎡) and weight at least 50kg on the day of screening
3. Medically healthy with no clinically significant findings on vital signs during the screening period
4. Medically healthy with no clinically significant findings on physical examinations during the screening period

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subjects with clinically significant medical or surgical history described below Clinically significant observations considered as unsuitable based on medical judgement by investigators

   * Skin disorder (psoriasis or contact dermatitis) which may affect absorption of the investigational product, or scar, skin abnormality, history of surgery (excluding simple appendectomy or herniorrhaphy) which can interrupt intradermal injections
2. History of clinically significant allergy, cardiovascular, peripheral vascular, skin, mucocutaneous, ocular, respiratory, musculoskeletal or any other conditions which can be problems for pharmacokinetic evaluation
3. Donated blood or blood components or had been transfused plasma within 60 days prior to the day of screening
4. Tobacco use within 30 days prior to the day of screening

Primary outcomes:
measure: Safety Evaluation: Severity and frequency of reported adverse events, clinically-relevant changes in physical exams or laboratory testing assessed by medical personnel
timeFrame: 14 days
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Pharmacokinetics (PK) of BMT101 by intradermal injection following single dose: Cmax
timeFrame: 4 days
measure: Pharmacokinetics (PK) of BMT101 by intradermal injection following single dose: AUC
timeFrame: 4 days
measure: Pharmacokinetics (PK) of BMT101 by intradermal injection following single dose: T½
timeFrame: 4 days
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Seoul
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Hugel
Study officials:
References:
Clinical trial NCT01215630: Cardiovascular Fitness and Venous Function in Trained and Untrained Subjects
Official title: Cardiovascular Fitness and Venous Function in Trained and Untrained Subjects
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Healthy Subjects
Keywords: Veins
Exercise tests
maximal oxygen uptake
VO2max
Lead sponsor: Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2010-10-06
Enrollment: 30
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 75
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: CROSS_SECTIONAL
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Healthy men and women, aged 18-75 yrs

Brief summary: The primary aim is to study the relationship between vascular function, cardiovascular fitness and age in healthy subjects. Individuals with the highest cardiovascular fitness will have the greatest arterial inflow independent of age.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy subjects, 18-75 years of age

Exclusion Criteria:

* Inability to exercise due to musculoskeletal conditions
* Known ischemic cardiovascular disease
* Smoking or tobacco use
* Acute medical conditions
* Active infections
* Pharmacotherapy with known vascular effects

Primary outcomes:
measure: Venous Compliance
timeFrame: 2 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Maximal oxygen uptake
timeFrame: one test at baseline
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Trondheim
country: Norway
facility: Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Study officials:
affiliation: Norwegian University of Science and Technology
name: Trine Karlsen, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Leinan IM, Aamot IL, Stoylen A, Karlsen T, Wisloff U. Upper arm venous compliance and fitness in stable coronary artery disease patients and healthy controls. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2017 Sep;37(5):498-506. doi: 10.1111/cpf.12324. Epub 2015 Dec 15.
citation: Leinan IM, Grønnevik Ø, Støylen A, Wisløff U, Karlsen T. A cross sectional study of arm venous compliance in fit healthy subjects. Journal of Cardiovascular Research 1(2). http://www.vipoa.org/journals/pdf/5947267721.pdf
Clinical trial NCT00179530: The Effect of Relaxation Response Training on Declarative Memory and Salivary Cortisol in Older Adults
Official title: The Effect of Relaxation Response Training on Declarative Memory and Salivary Cortisol in Older Adults
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Healthy
Lead sponsor: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2005-09-16
Enrollment: 16
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 65
Maximum age (years): 80
Standard ages: OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: To evaluate whether a 5-week relaxation response intervention influences the learning, memory or attention of healthy older adults.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* 65 to 80 years od age
* No prior or current psychiatric or neurological condition.
* score above 24 on the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE)

Primary outcomes:
measure: Evaluate whether a RR training program would decrease anxiety levels, improve attention, declarative memory performance in healthy older adults.
timeFrame: 8 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Evaluate whether a RR training program would decrease salivary cortisol levels in healthy older adults.
timeFrame: 8 weeks
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
affiliation: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Mind/Body Medical Institute
name: Jeffery A Dusek, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT02263430: PINS Stimulator System for Deep Brain Stimulation in Huntington's Disease
Official title: PINS Stimulator System for Deep Brain Stimulation in Huntington's Disease
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: NA
Conditions: Huntington's Disease
Lead sponsor: Beijing Pins Medical Co., Ltd
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
Collaborators: name: Beijing Tiantan Hospital
First posted: 2014-10-13
Enrollment: 8
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the Globus pallidus internus(GPi) is useful in the treatment of different forms of chorea, including Huntington's disease (HD).


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Subject clinically symptomatic and genetically confirmed Huntington Disease (number of CAG repeats\>= 36)
2. Moderate stage of the disease (UHDRS motor\>= 30)
3. Predominant movement disorder
4. Compliance of the patient, stable cognition during a 6 months phase prior to inclusion (Mattis Dementia Rating Scales（MDS）\>/= 120)
5. Signed informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with hearing impairment;
2. Failures of important organs and in severe conditions;
3. Be reluctant or disabled to receive neuropsychological assessments;
4. Participate in other clinical trial;
5. Has a life expectancy of \< 1 year.
6. The investigator and/or enrollment review committee, would preclude participation in the study.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale(UHDRS)
timeFrame: 12 month
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
affiliation: Tsinghua University
name: Li Luming, PhD
role: STUDY_CHAIR
References:
Clinical trial NCT02308930: Effect of DHA Supplementation on Cognitive Performance and Growth in Chinese Children
Official title: Effect of Dietary DHA Supplementation on Cognitive Performance and Growth in Chinese School Children: A Randomized Controlled Study
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: NA
Conditions: Healthy
Lead sponsor: Sun Yat-sen University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2014-12-05
Enrollment: 106
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 6
Maximum age (years): 12
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether DHA supplement (in a daily dose of 300 mg) will improve the cognitive performance, associated metabolism and growth in normal children aged 6-12 years in primary schools.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Children aged 6-12 years from primary schools.
2. Healthy as assessed by a physician.
3. Willing to participate in the study, consume the test product and perform all measurements including cognitive testing, blood drawing, urine samples, anthropometry and questionnaires.
4. Willing to maintain current dietary habits and intend to stay in the study area for ≥ one year.
5. Informed consent signed by parent or caregiver and oral consent given by child.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Children with obvious mental and physical handicaps.
2. Children taking medication which interferes with study measurements (e.g., psychoactive medications or medications expected to affect behavior and learning).
3. Taking dietary supplements already.
4. Suffering major life events (immediate family death, parents divorce, etc.) within six months.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Performance on Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) and digit span test
timeFrame: 6 months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: DHA related metabolites and neurotransmitters (blood concentration of DHA related metabolites and neurotransmitters)
timeFrame: 6 months
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
References:
citation: Yang GY, Wu T, Huang SY, Huang BX, Wang HL, Lan QY, Li CL, Zhu HL, Fang AP. No effect of 6-month supplementation with 300 mg/d docosahexaenoic acid on executive functions among healthy school-aged children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr. 2021 Jun;60(4):1985-1997. doi: 10.1007/s00394-020-02388-w. Epub 2020 Sep 26.
Clinical trial NCT02389530: Use of Fluorescein Dye for the Removal of Brain Tumors
Official title: Use of Fluorescein Dye for the Removal of Brain Tumors
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Brain Neoplasms
Keywords: glioma
neoplasms
Lead sponsor: University of Pittsburgh
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2015-03-17
Enrollment: 91
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Patients 18 years of age or above pending elective removal of an intraparenchymal brain tumor.

Brief summary: Fluorescein is a dye agent that can be injected through an intravenous line. It has been shown to help tell the difference between brain tumor tissue and normal brain tissue when it is used together with a specialized filter on a microscope in the operating room. The investigators plan to study the use of fluorescein in the removal of brain tumors at a low dose.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age of 18 or greater
2. Plan for elective removal of a brain tumor at UPMC Shadyside with either Dr. Engh or Dr. Amankulor.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. History of adverse reaction to fluorescein.
2. Emergent surgical procedure (consent not feasible).
3. Creatinine of \> 2.0 (drug is excreted renally).
4. Known ongoing pregnancy.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Adverse event assessment
timeFrame: 3 years
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Degree of tumoral resection
timeFrame: 3 years
measure: Clinical status after surgery
timeFrame: 3 years
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Pittsburgh
country: United States
facility: UPMC Shadyside Hospital
state: Pennsylvania
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
name: Johnathan Engh, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT06162130: Muscular Activations During Eccentric Quadriceps Exercises
Official title: Investigation of Muscular Activations During Eccentric Quadriceps Exercises
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: ACL Injury
Sport Injury
Sports Physical Therapy
Muscle Weakness
Keywords: Electromyography
Exercise Theraphy
Eccentric Exercises
Quadriceps
Muscle Activity
Lead sponsor: T.C. ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2023-12-08
Enrollment: 21
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 25
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: DIAGNOSTIC

Brief summary: The aim of this study is to investigate muscular activations during various quadriceps exercises commonly used in clinical settings.

Detailed description: The quadriceps muscle is known to be crucial for the dynamic control of the lower extremity, and weakness in this muscle can lead to strategies that may result in injury. Therefore, acquiring optimal quadriceps muscle strength is essential not only for preventing lower extremity injuries but also for enabling individuals to fully return to activities after an injury.

Despite the existence of various eccentric quadriceps exercises in the literature, there is a lack of consensus on their comparative effectiveness. Hence, there is a requirement for research to explore the effectiveness of different eccentric quadriceps exercises. The objective of this study is to compare the muscular activation of the quadriceps muscle during four distinct eccentric quadriceps exercises using surface electromyography (sEMG) devices

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

Being a licensed athlete in one's own field, Having been engaged in sports for at least 2 years

Exclusion Criteria:

Individuals with any musculoskeletal injury history in the lower extremities and trunk that could impede exercise within the last year, Individuals with systemic, neurological, and/or cognitive issues, Individuals experiencing pain in the lower extremities and trunk during exercises

Primary outcomes:
measure: Surface EMG Measurement
timeFrame: in an average of one hour
measure: Normalization of Surface EMG
timeFrame: in an average of one hour
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Ankara
country: Turkey
facility: Gazi University
Study officials:
affiliation: T.C. ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ
name: Elif AYGUN POLAT, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Gazi University
name: Nevin A. GUZEL, Prof
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT04489030: Magnifying NBI Endoscopy for Gastric Condition
Official title: Magnifying Narrow-band Imaging for Diagnosis of H. Pylori and Precancerous Gastric Conditions: Comparison With Standard Endoscopy
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Gastritis H Pylori
Lead sponsor: Soonchunhyang University Hospital
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2020-07-28
Enrollment: 254
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 20
Maximum age (years): 70
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: All of the patients underwent gastroscopy for peptic ulcer, gastric cancer screening in a single academic hospital.

Brief summary: Recently, the improved resolution with standard endoscopy allows the close observation of highly inflamed gastric mucosa without a magnifying view. In a previous study, the investigators established the endoscopic classification of H. pylori-infected stomach by non-magnifying standard endoscopy. One normal RAC pattern and three types of abnormal patterns were observed. Overall diagnostic accuracy for predicting H. pylori-infection was 91.6%. However, there is no comparison study predicting H. pylori-infection and precancerous gastric lesions between standard and magnifying endoscopy.

Detailed description: The investigators aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacies of non-magnifying standard endoscopy for predicting H. pylori-infection status and precancerous gastric conditions, compared to magnifying NBI endoscopy

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Gastroscopy can be performed
* H. pylori test and pathological analysis can be performed

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age \< 20 or \> 70 years
* Anemia (serum hemoglobin level \< 10 g/dL)
* Severe systemic disease
* Advanced chronic liver disease
* Use of certain medications, including proton pump inhibitors, H2- receptor antagonists, or antibiotics
* History of H. pylori eradication
* History of gastric surgery
* Recent history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Primary outcomes:
measure: H. pylori infection status
timeFrame: 1 month
measure: Degree of chronic gastritis
timeFrame: 1 month
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Seoul
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Soonchunhyang University Hospital
Study officials:
affiliation: Digestive Disease Center, Soonchunhyang University Hospital
name: Jun-Hyung Cho, M.D.
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT03116230: Gait Modification Treatments for Knee Pathology
Official title: Analysis of Pain, Function, and Joint Mechanics in Response to Two Treatments for Knee Pathology
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Knee Injuries
Knee Osteoarthritis
Keywords: Knee pathology
Lead sponsor: Stanford University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2017-04-17
Enrollment: 38
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 80
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The objective of this study is complete a longitudinal cross-over clinical study to investigate the effect of treatments for knee pathology, including cutaneous stimulation (skin vibration and soft knee brace), on locomotion tasks (i.e. walking, jogging, stair ascending and descending), muscle function, and pain/function.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18-80
* Ambulatory
* Symptomatic knee pain ≥ 3/10 on most of the past 30 days
* Prior ACL injury/surgery, meniscus injury/surgery, and/or physician-diagnosed medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (KL grade 1-3)
* Agreement and ability to use provided interventions during the study period (suggested cumulative wear time during walking of 1-2 hr/day)
* Committed to not starting any new therapies for knee condition during the trial, other than rescue pain medication.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Use of walking aid (e.g. cane, crutch, walker, or wheelchair)
* BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2
* Injection in the affected knee during the previous three months
* Known neuropathy due to diabetes or other causes
* Inability to provide informed consent

Primary outcomes:
measure: Change in Peak Knee Flexion Moment (%Bw*Ht)
timeFrame: Baseline and 4 week follow-up
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Change in Pain
timeFrame: Baseline and 4 week follow-up
measure: Change in Function
timeFrame: Baseline and 4 week follow-up
measure: Change in Symptoms
timeFrame: Baseline and 4-week follow-up
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Stanford
country: United States
facility: Stanford University
state: California
Study officials:
affiliation: Stanford University
name: Thomas Andriacchi, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: