Clinical trial NCT06640296: L-AmB_ Retrospective mUlticenter Study on Mycosis prOphylaxis
Official title: Tolerability and Effectiveness of Extended Dosing of Liposomal Amphotericin B (L-AmB) for Primary Prophylaxis of Invasive Fungal Disease in High-risk Pediatric Patients: a Retrospective Multicenter Study
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION
Conditions: Invasive Fungal Infections
Prophylaxis
Invasive Fungal Disease
Lead sponsor: Istituto Giannina Gaslini
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2024-10-15
Enrollment: 120
Sex: ALL
Maximum age (years): 18
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: ECOLOGIC_OR_COMMUNITY
Time perspective: RETROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: All pediatric patients who received extended dosing of liposomal amphotericin B prophylaxis from 01/01/2019 to 31/12/2023

Brief summary: Invasive fungal disease (IFD) still represents an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, particularly in patients undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy or allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). International guidelines recommend primary antifungal prophylaxis to reduce mortality and morbidity in these patients. Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) can represent a valid alternative for antifungal prophylaxis in pediatric age as its spectrum is extended to both molds and yeasts, has reduced pharmacological interactions with the antineoplastic drugs most frequently used in treatment protocols. All this despite the availability of an intravenous formulation which can ensure complete compliance with the treatment. L-AmB prophylaxis has been proposed with different dosages: 1 mg/kg every other day vs 2.5 mg/kg/dose twice-a-week vs 5 mg/kg/once-a-week)

Detailed description: Invasive fungal disease (IFD) still represents an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, particularly in patients undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy or allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). In this setting children presents some differences compared to adults in terms of risk factors for IFD: different treatment schemes, age-related comorbidities, diagnostic tools with different sensitivity. International guidelines strongly recommend primary prophylaxis in children at high risk of developing IFD to reduce disease-related morbidity and mortality (patients are considered to be at high risk in the presence of an IFD incidence ≥10%). Although the risk factors are well characterized in the literature and substantially unchanged over time, the local epidemiology must be considered in the evaluation of the best prophylaxis strategy. Drugs presently recommended for antifungal prophylaxis have been poorly studied in children, anyway triazoles (mainly posaconaozle) are indicated as possible prophylactic agents also in pediatrics. However, these drugs can present important interactions with drugs important for the treatment of pediatric leukemias (e.g. vinca alkaloids and posaconazole) and sometimes they lack of specific pediatric formulations, fact that can reduce compliance because of bad taste of the available formulations (oral solutions) or difficulties in swallowing and risk of poor absorption in presence of mucositis (bulky, non-divisible pills or capsules). Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) can represent a valid alternative for antifungal prophylaxis in pediatric age as its spectrum is extended to both molds and yeasts, has reduced pharmacological interactions with the antineoplastic drugs most frequently used in treatment protocols. All this despite the availability of an intravenous formulation only which may require hospital access or activation of the home care team, but which can ensure complete compliance with the treatment. L-AmB prophylaxis has been proposed with different dosages: 1 mg/kg every other day vs 2.5 mg/kg/dose twice-a-week vs 5 mg/kg/once-a-week).

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* all patients at high risk of developing IFD receiving chemotherapy for (1st line or relapse treatment) or allo-HSCT for which primary fungal prophylaxis with extended dosing of liposomal amphotericin B has been administered

Exclusion Criteria:

* previous diagnosis of IFD (secondary prophylaxis),
* contraindications to liposomal amphotericin B prophylaxis

Primary outcomes:
measure: Tolerability of extended dosing of liposomal amphotericin B
timeFrame: In the period between the first and last administration of L-AmB
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Effectiveness of extended dosing of liposomal amphotericin B
timeFrame: Up to 6 months after the last administration of L-AmB
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Genoa
country: Italy
facility: Istituto Giannina Gaslini
Study officials:
References:
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citation: Bochennek K, Tramsen L, Schedler N, Becker M, Klingebiel T, Groll AH, Lehrnbecher T. Liposomal amphotericin B twice weekly as antifungal prophylaxis in paediatric haematological malignancy patients. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011 Dec;17(12):1868-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03483.x. Epub 2011 Sep 6.
citation: Groll AH, Pana D, Lanternier F, Mesini A, Ammann RA, Averbuch D, Castagnola E, Cesaro S, Engelhard D, Garcia-Vidal C, Kanerva J, Ritz N, Roilides E, Styczynski J, Warris A, Lehrnbecher T; 8th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia. 8th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia: 2020 guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of invasive fungal diseases in paediatric patients with cancer or post-haematopoietic cell transplantation. Lancet Oncol. 2021 Jun;22(6):e254-e269. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30723-3. Epub 2021 Mar 31.