Clinical trial NCT02539875: Promoting Smoking Cessation in the Community Via QTW 2015
Official title: Building Capacity and Promoting Smoking Cessation in the Community Via "Quit to Win" Contest 2015: a Randomized Controlled Trial on Brief Intervention (AWARD Model) and Active Referral to Smoking Cessation Services
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Smoking Cessation Intervention
Keywords: Effectiveness of quit immediately (QI) and cut down to quit (CDTQ) interventions in achieving smoking abstinence
Lead sponsor: The University of Hong Kong
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health
First posted: 2015-09-03
Enrollment: 1306
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH

Brief summary: Although smoking prevalence is decreasing in Hong Kong, there are still 648,800 daily smokers 10.8% (Census and Statistics Department, 2013) and half will be killed by smoking (Lam, 2012) which accounts for over 7,000 deaths per year (Lam, Ho, Hedley, Mak, \& Peto, 2001). Smoking also accounts for a large amount of medical cost, long-term care and productivity loss of US$688 million (0.6% Hong Kong GDP) (Census \& Statistics Department, 2001; McGhee et al., 2006) . Smoking is a highly addictive behavior and it is difficult for smokers with strong nicotine dependence to quit without assistance. On the other hand, reaching and helping the many smokers who have no intention to quit is a challenge, because they are unlikely to seek professional help from smoking cessation services.

The Quit and Win programme provides an opportunity to reach and encourage a large group of smokers to make quit attempt and maintain abstinence. The Quit and Win model posits that smokers participating in the contest will have higher motivation to quit with incentives and better social support (Cahill \& Perera, 2011). Studies have found that such quitting contests or incentive programs appeared to reach a large number of smokers and demonstrated a significantly higher quit rate for the quit and win group than for the control group (Cahill \& Perera, 2008).

Smoking cessation services in Hong Kong are under-used with more than half (60.9%) adult daily smokers who had never used smoking cessation services (Census and Statistics Department, 2013). Among these smokers only 9.6% were willing to use the services. Existing services mostly require self-initiation to seek the services but smokers general lack the will power of initiation. Active referral will help overcome the barriers of self-initiation. There is preliminary evidence that active referral of smokers to smoking cessation hotline services may increase likelihood of smoking abstinence at 12-month follow-up compared with no active referrals (Borland et al., 2008). A recent study has also reported that individuals who used the community-based referral were also more likely to quit than those who did not (43.6% vs 15.3%, P\<0.001) (Haas et al., 2015).

Therefore, the present study will examine (1) effectiveness of the active referral and AWARD approaches, (2) explore the use of CBPR model to build capacity and to engage community partners in taking on this important public health issue for sustainability in the community. In addition, process evaluation will be conducted to assess the effectiveness of the recruitment activity and how it is linked with the overall program outcomes.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Hong Kong residents aged 18 or above
* Smoke at least 1 cigarette per day in the past 3 months
* Able to communicate in Cantonese
* Exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) 4 ppm or above, assessed by a validated CO smokerlyzer
* Have Intention to quit

Exclusion Criteria:

* Smokers who have difficulties (either physical or cognitive condition) to communicate
* Currently following other smoking cessation programs

Primary outcomes:
measure: smoking quit rate change from baseline at 3-month follow-up
timeFrame: 3-month follow-up
measure: smoking quit rate change from baseline at 6-month follow-up
timeFrame: 6-month follow-up
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Biochemical validated quit rate
timeFrame: 3-month follow-up
measure: Biochemical validated quit rate
timeFrame: 6-month follow-up
measure: Smoking reduction rate change from baseline at 3-month follow-up
timeFrame: 3-month follow-up
measure: Smoking reduction rate change from baseline at 6-month follow-up
timeFrame: 6-month follow-up
measure: Smoking quit attempt change from baseline at 3-month follow-up
timeFrame: 3-month follow-up
measure: Smoking quit attempt change from baseline at 6-month follow-up
timeFrame: 6-month follow-up
measure: quit rate for all subjects change from baseline at 3-month follow-up
timeFrame: 3-month follow-up
measure: Reduction rate for all subjects change from baseline at 3-month follow-up
timeFrame: 3-month follow-up
measure: quit rate for all subjects change from baseline at 6-month follow-up
timeFrame: 6-month follow-up
measure: Reduction rate for all subjects change from baseline at 6-month follow-up
timeFrame: 6-month follow-up
measure: quit rate for all subjects change from baseline at 12-month follow-up
timeFrame: 12-month follow-up
measure: Reduction rate for all subjects change from baseline at 12-month follow-up
timeFrame: 12-month follow-up
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Hong Kong
country: China
facility: The Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health (COSH)
Study officials:
affiliation: The University of Hong Kong
name: Man Ping Kelvin Wang, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Wang MP, Suen YN, Li WH, Lam CO, Wu SY, Kwong AC, Lai VW, Chan SS, Lam TH. Intervention With Brief Cessation Advice Plus Active Referral for Proactively Recruited Community Smokers: A Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2017 Dec 1;177(12):1790-1797. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.5793.
citation: Suen YN, Wang MP, Li WH, Kwong AC, Lai VW, Chan SS, Lam TH. Brief advice and active referral for smoking cessation services among community smokers: a study protocol for randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2016 May 11;16:387. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3084-z.