Clinical trial NCT06382415: Organ/Space Surgical Site Infection and Recurrence and Survival in Rectal Cancer Surgery
Official title: Effect of Organ/Space Surgical Site Infection After Rectal Cancer Resection on Five-year Recurrence and Survival Rates. A Population-based Cohort Study of 2208 Patients
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Rectal Cancer
Organ-Space Surgical Site Infection
Keywords: Surgical Site Infection
Rectal cancer
Rectal Surgery
Survival
Recurrence
Lead sponsor: Hospital de Granollers
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge
name: Institut Català d'Oncologia
First posted: 2024-04-24
Enrollment: 3826
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: RETROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Patients operated on rectal surgery for rectal cancer in Catalonia, Spain.

Brief summary: In rectal cancer surgery, the organ/space surgical site infection (O/S-SSI) has an impact on patient's prognosis. Its influence in the oncologic outcomes remains controversial. The main objective is to assess the possible effect of O/S-SSI on long-term overall survival and cancer recurrence.

Detailed description: Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in both sexes, accounting for 30-35% of all tumours originating in the rectum. Although the introduction of total mesorectal excision and the use of neoadjuvant chemoradiation have improved the oncological outcome in patients with rectal cancer operated with curative intent, the 5-year recurrence rate remains around 20%, with tumour stage being the most important prognostic factor. Other tumour-related factors, such as lymphovascular, perineural and extramural vascular invasion, as well as response to neoadjuvant treatment, have also been shown to be reliable predictors of recurrence. However, surgery-related factors, such as the quality of surgical resection as well as the occurrence of postoperative complications, may have a profound impact on these outcomes.

Anastomotic leakage is one of the most serious complications of colorectal surgery and its frequency ranges from 3 to 21% depending on the location of the tumour and the definition of anastomotic leakage used. This complication is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality and may affect quality of life. Several studies have shown that anastomotic leakage and subsequent organ-space infection (O/S-SSI) are also associated with higher rates of tumour recurrence and cancer-specific mortality. A recent meta-analysis involving 43 studies with a total of 154,981 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery found that postoperative O/S-SSI and anastomotic leakage had a significant negative impact on disease-free survival, local recurrence and overall recurrence. This association has also been reported after resection of liver metastases and other gastrointestinal malignancies. In addition, the severity of postoperative infection has also been correlated with increased risk of recurrence.

However, these results have not been confirmed in other studies. In our setting, the development of anastomotic leaks did not affect the risk of local recurrence, overall recurrence, overall survival or cancer-specific survival in a multicentre observational study using prospectively collected data from 1181 consecutive rectal cancer patients in 22 hospitals included in the Spanish Rectal Cancer Project. These results were consistent with data reported by national colorectal cancer registries such as those of Denmark and Sweden, among others. Therefore, the question of whether anastomotic leakage contributes to disease recurrence remains controversial and requires further research.

In an attempt to clarify this controversy, a population-based study was conducted to assess the influence of O/S-SSI on recurrence and survival outcomes in patients who had undergone curative surgery for rectal cancer in hospitals integrated in the Public Health System of Catalonia (Spain) at 5-year follow-up.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients \> 18 years old
* Eligible patients with tumour ≤ 13 cm from anal verge, as measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
* Primary adenocarcinoma
* Oncological resection with curative intent
* Cancer stages: I-II-III

Exclusion Criteria:

* Transanal local resection
* Emergency colorectal surgeries
* Presence of metastases found in the diagnostic process or during the surgical procedure
* Recurrence of the disease treated before the study period
* Non-resectable tumour or palliative surgery
* Patients operated in private centres

Primary outcomes:
measure: Rate of overall cancer recurrence
timeFrame: 5 years (from date of the surgical procedure until 5 years post-surgery)
measure: Overall survival
timeFrame: From date of the surgical procedure until the date of death, assessed up to 5 years
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Rate of Organ-space surgical site infection
timeFrame: 30 days
measure: Rate of surgical complications
timeFrame: 30 days
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: L'Hospitalet De Llobregat
country: Spain
facility: Institut Català d'Oncologia
state: Barcelona
Study officials:
References: