Clinical trial NCT04376866: Toripalimab for Local-regional Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Official title: Toripalimab in Combination With Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Local-regional Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: a Phase 3, Multicentre, Randomised Controlled Trial
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Keywords: Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Toripalimab
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Lead sponsor: Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2020-05-06
Enrollment: 204
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 65
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: This is a phase 3, multicentre, randomised controlled trial to study the effectiveness and toxicity of PD-1 antibody Toripalimab combined with concurrent cisplatin chemoradiotherapy versus cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in treating patients with locoregionally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Detailed description: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic in southern China, southeast Asia, and northern Africa. According to a survey from the International Agency for Research on Cancer, there were an estimated 129,079 new cases and 72,987 related deaths in 2018. Radiotherapy is the primary treatment option. Due to advances in disease management, diagnostic imaging, radiotherapy technology, and the broader application of systemic therapy, the prognosis of NPC has improved signifificantly.Nevertheless, localregional recurrence will occur in about 10% patients. Because of radiation resistance, the prognosis of re-irradiation is poor for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Hence, there is an urgent need for novel therapies to improve survival and reduce treatment-related toxicity in recurrent NPC patients. Emerging evidence shows that PD-1 antibody is effective for treating recurrent/metastastic NPC patients. This is a phase 3, multicentre, randomised controlled trial to study the effectiveness and toxicity of neoadjuvant and adjuvant PD-1 antibody Toripalimab combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) versus CCRT alone in treating patients with locoregionally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with newly histologically confirmed recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma, or Two or more image examinations (MRI, and PET-CT) show the recurrent tumor
2. staged as rT3-4N0-1M0或rT1-4N2-3M0 （according to the 8th AJCC edition）
3. Satisfactory performance status: ECOG (Eastern Cooperative OncologyGroup) scale 0-1
4. Neutrophil ≥ 1.5×109 /L and PLT ≥4×109 /L and HGB ≥90 g/L
5. With normal liver function test (ALT、AST ≤ 2.5×ULN, TBIL≤ 1.5×ULN)
6. With normal renal function test ( creatinine clearance ≥60 ml/min)
7. sign an "informed consent form
8. Male and no pregnant female

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Age older than 65, or younger than 18 years old
2. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and HBV-DNA ≥200IU/ml, or 1000cps/ml.
3. Patients with positive HCV antibody.
4. Active, known or suspected autoimmune disease; Type I Diabetes, hypothyroidism those only need hormone replacement therapy, and skin disease (leukoderma, psoriasis, alopecia et al) who don't need systemic therapy can recruit.
5. History of interstitial lung disease
6. Equivalent dose more than prednisone 10mg/d or other immunosuppressive treatments within 28 days prior to signing the informed consent.
7. Receive or will receive live vaccine within 30 days prior to signing the informed consent.
8. Women of child-bearing potential who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
9. Suffered from malignant tumors, except the carcinoma in situ, papillary thyroid carcinoma, or skin cancer (non- melanoma) within five years.
10. Hypersensitivity to macromolecular protein, or to any component of triplezumab.
11. HIV positive.
12. Severe, uncontrolled medical conditions and infections.
13. Other diseases which may influence the safety or compliance of the clinical trial, such as heart failure with symptom, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, active infections those need systemic therapy, mental illness, or their family and society factors.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Overall survival (OS)
timeFrame: 5 years
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Progress-free survival (PFS)
timeFrame: 5 years
measure: Objective Response Rate (ORR)
timeFrame: 3 months
measure: Incidence rate of adverse events (AEs)
timeFrame: 5 years
measure: Change of QoL (quality of life)
timeFrame: 1 year
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Nanning
country: China
facility: Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital
state: Guangxi
Study officials:
affiliation: Principal Investigator
name: Song Qu, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Nov;68(6):394-424. doi: 10.3322/caac.21492. Epub 2018 Sep 12.
citation: Chua MLK, Wee JTS, Hui EP, Chan ATC. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Lancet. 2016 Mar 5;387(10022):1012-1024. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00055-0. Epub 2015 Aug 28.
citation: Keir ME, Butte MJ, Freeman GJ, Sharpe AH. PD-1 and its ligands in tolerance and immunity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2008;26:677-704. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090331.
citation: Latchman Y, Wood CR, Chernova T, Chaudhary D, Borde M, Chernova I, Iwai Y, Long AJ, Brown JA, Nunes R, Greenfield EA, Bourque K, Boussiotis VA, Carter LL, Carreno BM, Malenkovich N, Nishimura H, Okazaki T, Honjo T, Sharpe AH, Freeman GJ. PD-L2 is a second ligand for PD-1 and inhibits T cell activation. Nat Immunol. 2001 Mar;2(3):261-8. doi: 10.1038/85330.
citation: Barber DL, Wherry EJ, Masopust D, Zhu B, Allison JP, Sharpe AH, Freeman GJ, Ahmed R. Restoring function in exhausted CD8 T cells during chronic viral infection. Nature. 2006 Feb 9;439(7077):682-7. doi: 10.1038/nature04444. Epub 2005 Dec 28.
citation: Chen BJ, Chapuy B, Ouyang J, Sun HH, Roemer MG, Xu ML, Yu H, Fletcher CD, Freeman GJ, Shipp MA, Rodig SJ. PD-L1 expression is characteristic of a subset of aggressive B-cell lymphomas and virus-associated malignancies. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Jul 1;19(13):3462-73. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-0855. Epub 2013 May 14.
citation: Fang W, Zhang J, Hong S, Zhan J, Chen N, Qin T, Tang Y, Zhang Y, Kang S, Zhou T, Wu X, Liang W, Hu Z, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Tian Y, Yang Y, Xue C, Yan Y, Hou X, Huang P, Huang Y, Zhao H, Zhang L. EBV-driven LMP1 and IFN-gamma up-regulate PD-L1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Implications for oncotargeted therapy. Oncotarget. 2014 Dec 15;5(23):12189-202. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.2608.
citation: Dong H, Chen L. B7-H1 pathway and its role in the evasion of tumor immunity. J Mol Med (Berl). 2003 May;81(5):281-7. doi: 10.1007/s00109-003-0430-2. Epub 2003 Apr 30.
citation: Pardoll DM. The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2012 Mar 22;12(4):252-64. doi: 10.1038/nrc3239.
citation: Ferris RL, Blumenschein G Jr, Fayette J, Guigay J, Colevas AD, Licitra L, Harrington K, Kasper S, Vokes EE, Even C, Worden F, Saba NF, Iglesias Docampo LC, Haddad R, Rordorf T, Kiyota N, Tahara M, Monga M, Lynch M, Geese WJ, Kopit J, Shaw JW, Gillison ML. Nivolumab for Recurrent Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. N Engl J Med. 2016 Nov 10;375(19):1856-1867. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1602252. Epub 2016 Oct 8.
citation: Costa R, Carneiro BA, Agulnik M, Rademaker AW, Pai SG, Villaflor VM, Cristofanilli M, Sosman JA, Giles FJ. Toxicity profile of approved anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Oncotarget. 2017 Jan 31;8(5):8910-8920. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13315.
citation: Brahmer J, Reckamp KL, Baas P, Crino L, Eberhardt WE, Poddubskaya E, Antonia S, Pluzanski A, Vokes EE, Holgado E, Waterhouse D, Ready N, Gainor J, Aren Frontera O, Havel L, Steins M, Garassino MC, Aerts JG, Domine M, Paz-Ares L, Reck M, Baudelet C, Harbison CT, Lestini B, Spigel DR. Nivolumab versus Docetaxel in Advanced Squamous-Cell Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jul 9;373(2):123-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1504627. Epub 2015 May 31.
citation: Zhang J, Fang W, Qin T, Yang Y, Hong S, Liang W, Ma Y, Zhao H, Huang Y, Xue C, Huang P, Hu Z, Zhao Y, Zhang L. Co-expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 predicts poor outcome in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Med Oncol. 2015 Mar;32(3):86. doi: 10.1007/s12032-015-0501-6. Epub 2015 Feb 22.
citation: Lee VH, Lo AW, Leung CY, Shek WH, Kwong DL, Lam KO, Tong CC, Sze CK, Leung TW. Correlation of PD-L1 Expression of Tumor Cells with Survival Outcomes after Radical Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Non-Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. PLoS One. 2016 Jun 24;11(6):e0157969. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157969. eCollection 2016.
citation: Hsu C, Lee SH, Ejadi S, Even C, Cohen RB, Le Tourneau C, Mehnert JM, Algazi A, van Brummelen EMJ, Saraf S, Thanigaimani P, Cheng JD, Hansen AR. Safety and Antitumor Activity of Pembrolizumab in Patients With Programmed Death-Ligand 1-Positive Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Results of the KEYNOTE-028 Study. J Clin Oncol. 2017 Dec 20;35(36):4050-4056. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2017.73.3675. Epub 2017 Aug 24.
citation: Ma BBY, Lim WT, Goh BC, Hui EP, Lo KW, Pettinger A, Foster NR, Riess JW, Agulnik M, Chang AYC, Chopra A, Kish JA, Chung CH, Adkins DR, Cullen KJ, Gitlitz BJ, Lim DW, To KF, Chan KCA, Lo YMD, King AD, Erlichman C, Yin J, Costello BA, Chan ATC. Antitumor Activity of Nivolumab in Recurrent and Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: An International, Multicenter Study of the Mayo Clinic Phase 2 Consortium (NCI-9742). J Clin Oncol. 2018 May 10;36(14):1412-1418. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2017.77.0388. Epub 2018 Mar 27.
citation: Xiao WW, Huang SM, Han F, Wu SX, Lu LX, Lin CG, Deng XW, Lu TX, Cui NJ, Zhao C. Local control, survival, and late toxicities of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated by simultaneous modulated accelerated radiotherapy combined with cisplatin concurrent chemotherapy: long-term results of a phase 2 study. Cancer. 2011 May 1;117(9):1874-83. doi: 10.1002/cncr.25754. Epub 2010 Nov 16.
citation: Lai SZ, Li WF, Chen L, Luo W, Chen YY, Liu LZ, Sun Y, Lin AH, Liu MZ, Ma J. How does intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus conventional two-dimensional radiotherapy influence the treatment results in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011 Jul 1;80(3):661-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.03.024. Epub 2010 Jul 17.
citation: Lee AW, Ng WT, Pan JJ, Poh SS, Ahn YC, AlHussain H, Corry J, Grau C, Gregoire V, Harrington KJ, Hu CS, Kwong DL, Langendijk JA, Le QT, Lee NY, Lin JC, Lu TX, Mendenhall WM, O'Sullivan B, Ozyar E, Peters LJ, Rosenthal DI, Soong YL, Tao Y, Yom SS, Wee JT. International guideline for the delineation of the clinical target volumes (CTV) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Radiother Oncol. 2018 Jan;126(1):25-36. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.10.032. Epub 2017 Nov 15.
citation: Lee NY, Zhang Q, Pfister DG, Kim J, Garden AS, Mechalakos J, Hu K, Le QT, Colevas AD, Glisson BS, Chan AT, Ang KK. Addition of bevacizumab to standard chemoradiation for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RTOG 0615): a phase 2 multi-institutional trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012 Feb;13(2):172-80. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70303-5. Epub 2011 Dec 15.
citation: Lee N, Harris J, Garden AS, Straube W, Glisson B, Xia P, Bosch W, Morrison WH, Quivey J, Thorstad W, Jones C, Ang KK. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: radiation therapy oncology group phase II trial 0225. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Aug 1;27(22):3684-90. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.19.9109. Epub 2009 Jun 29.