Clinical trial NCT06282315: Real World Evaluation of an Albendazole-Ivermectin Coformulation Safety and Effectiveness
Official title: A Pragmatic Phase III Multicentre Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of a Single Dose of an Albendazole-Ivermectin Coformulation Vs Albendazole for Preventive Chemotherapy of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections in School-Aged Children
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: Soil-Transmitted Helminths
Keywords: STH
albendazole
ivermectin
hookworms
Lead sponsor: Insud Pharma
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
Collaborators: name: Ghana Health Services
name: Kenya Medical Research Institute
name: Bridges to Development
name: Sanger Institute
name: Barcelona Institute for Global Health
name: European Union
name: Swiss Confederation
name: Fundación Mundo Sano
First posted: 2024-02-28
Enrollment: 20000
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 5
Maximum age (years): 17
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Intervention model description: Open-label, randomized at the school level, and each eligible participant within a school will receive only one of the study treatments (ALB or IVM+ALB).
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: An open-label, randomized by school, two-arm pragmatic trial, will be conducted involving two study sites in Sub-Saharan-Africa (SSA), Ghana and Kenya, to evaluate safety and effectiveness of the newly developed fixed dose combination (FDC) of albendazole (ALB) and ivermectin (IVM) as a single dose to treat Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH), compared to the standard dose ALB single dose for the treatment and control of STH (REALISE study: Real World Evaluation of an Albendazole-Ivermectin Coformulation Safety and Effectiveness). The general objectives are to validate the benefits of FDC through this pragmatic trial in a context of mass drug administration (MDA) programme to evaluate the safety as a primary endpoint and effectiveness profile as a secondary endpoint, in a large population of school-aged children.

Detailed description: In the REALISE study a total of 20,000 children will be enrolled approximately in both countries for the safety cohort, 10,000 children in around 30 schools per country (5,000 per treatment arm). For the effectiveness cohort, REALISE study is planned to assess a total of approximately 4,500 participants in both countries, 2,250 children per country (75 children for each of the 30 schools and 1,125 children per treatment arm).

The REALISE study will have two study arms:

* Treatment arm 1: Single dose of a tablet of FDC 400 mg/18 mg IVM or 400 mg ALB/9 mg IVM, administered according to the following age criteria:

  1. For children from 5-14 years old (included) at the time of screening visit: 1 tablet of FDC 400 mg ALB/9 mg IVM.
  2. For children from 15-17 years old (included) at the time of screening visit: 1 tablet of FDC 400 mg ALB/18 mg IVM.
* Treatment arm 2: Single dose of a tablet of ALB 400 mg (active control arm).

Randomization will occur at the school level, and each eligible participant within a school will receive only one of the study treatments. Given the variable number of children in the Ghanaian and Kenyan schools, and that conducting the intervention for only a fraction of the school is not feasible, it may be possible to exceed the intended trial sample size. Efforts will be made to minimize this

The Primary objective of the trial will be to evaluate and compare safety of a FDC against ALB alone via MDA in two study areas in Kenya and Ghana in the seven days after first treatment intervention. Thus, as a primary outcome, the adverse effects will be monitored through a specific surveillance system established in schools, hospitals and health centers as health facilities. Safety surveillance will be performed for seven days after each MDA, allowing for the identification of AEs and SAEs in subpopulations (in terms of gender, age, body weight, comorbidities, and additional risk factors) for better estimation of safety.

This surveillance will consist of active surveillance at day 0, day 1, day 2 and day 7 post-intervention to record any AEs and SAEs presented by participants during the conducting study with drug intake. In addition, the trial will include passive surveillance monitoring AEs and SAEs through diary cards given to the subjects, and in hospitals and health centres near the schools involved in the study for six days after the intervention until day 7 (end of the safety surveillance period) to avoid the loss of possible AEs and SAEs underreported, in case the participant does not attend school during the surveillance period.

The Secondary objective will be to evaluate the effectiveness of one round of MDA with FDC compared to ALB against STH T. trichiura by microscopy, to address the reduction of the prevalence of this species in the FDC and ALB arms. Thus, the secondary outcome will be measured at the school level, prior to the first intervention (baseline), at 21 days post intervention and within the month prior to the second yearly intervention which is at s11 months.

Moreover, the trial will include Exploratory objectives to evaluate the effectiveness of one round of MDA with FDC compared to ALB against S. Stercolaris by serology to address the outcome of the seroprevalence reduction of this species in the FDC arm and ALB arm and to evaluate the effectiveness of one round of MDA with FDC compared with ALB against Hookworms and A. lumbricoides to determine the reduction of the prevalence of these species through microscopy.

The frequency of scabies also will be measured as an exploratory objective in the effectiveness cohort at baseline and 21 days after the intervention.

Genetic monitoring is an exploratory objective to address the impact of the two treatment arms on the genetic structure of the populations of parasites. This genetic analysis will measure on the one hand the genetic diversity as an estimation of the effective population size and a proxy for successful control programmes, as seen for other parasites (it is expected that diversity will be lower in populations closed to elimination. In addition, the genetic differentiation between baseline parasites and the parasites collected after the interventions will be evaluated. Thus, the investigators will be able to evaluate the impact of both treatments in genetic selection and potentially identify genes associated with treatment failure and anthelmintic resistance. On the other hand, the investigators will measure the genome-wide association to see the relationship between parasite genetics and parasite clearance in response to treatments.

As part of the exploratory endpoints, the investigators will estimate alpha and beta diversity as well as the composition of the microbiome at phylum, family and genus level for each sample and time point. Investigators will assess differences between infected and uninfected participants at baseline by comparing the diversity and relative abundance of the different bacteria between baseline and 21 days after the intervention, comparing the effect of the two treatment arms in the microbiome composition. Moreover, the investigators will also explore the recovering of the initial microbiome composition between month 11 post-intervention and baseline, particularly in those participants that were not newly infected after 11 months.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

Individuals of both sexes that attend the selected schools in the trial areas in Ghana and Kenya that meet the following criteria:

1. Age: 5 to 17 years old (included).
2. Height: over 110 cm.
3. Parental acceptance to participate in the study by obtaining written informed consent approved by the Ethics Committee. Written assent will also be obtained from children according to the local national legislation (12-17 years old).

   Exclusion Criteria:
4. Epidemiological risk of being infected by Loa loa, defined as those who have visited any of the following countries: Angola, Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Nigeria and Sudan.
5. Serious medical illness, defined as participants showing symptoms of acute illness which could hamper the participation in the trial, such as high-grade fever, severe diarrhoea, neurological symptoms or others, per investigator's criteria.
6. Any condition prevents the appropriate evaluation and follow-up of the participant, per the investigator's criteria.
7. Known hypersensitivity to any component of either study treatment.
8. Pregnant or first week post-partum: female participants who are post-menarche must have a negative urine pregnancy test at screening.

Primary outcomes:
measure: AEs and SAEs record of participants treated with FDC compared to ALB.
timeFrame: 7 days, active surveillance (Day 0 (1 hour), Day 1, Day 2 and Day 7 post-intervention) and passive surveillance (From Day 0 up to Day 6 post-intervention)
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Reduction in T. trichiura prevalence in participants treated with FDC compared with ALB.
timeFrame: Baseline, 21 days and 11 months post-intervention
Other outcomes:
measure: Exploratory 1: Reduction in Strongyloides stercoralis seroprevalence in participants treated with FDC compared with ALB.
timeFrame: Baseline and 11 months
measure: Exploratory 2: Reduction in hookworms prevalence in participants treated with FDC compared with ALB.
timeFrame: Baseline, 21 days and 11 months post-intervention
measure: Exploratory 3: Reduction in A. lumbricoides prevalence in participants treated with FDC compared with ALB.
timeFrame: Baseline, 21 days and 11 months post-intervention
measure: Exploratory 4: Describe the frequency of scabies before and after the intervention in the two treatment arms.
timeFrame: Baseline and 21days
measure: Exploratory 5: (i) Genetic diversity within and between T. trichiura populations, relative to the FDC or ALB study participants.
timeFrame: Baseline and 11 months
measure: Exploratory 5: (ii) Genetic diversity in candidate genes and identification of genes and/or regions in the genome of T. trichiura under selective pressure due to the treatment with FDC and/or ALB;
timeFrame: Baseline and 11 months
measure: Exploratory 5: (iii) Relative abundance of mixed parasite species within and between populations and in response to treatment in the FDC or ALB study participants.
timeFrame: Baseline and 11 months
measure: Exploratory 6: (i) Characterization of the microbiome composition at baseline and its implication in MDA effectiveness
timeFrame: Baseline
measure: Exploratory 6: (ii) Determine the Impact of MDA with ALB or FDC on the microbiome composition at population level
timeFrame: 21 days post-treatment
measure: Exploratory 6: (iii) Measure the Recovery of the baseline microbiome composition at 11 months post-treatment and its role in reinfection with STH.
timeFrame: 11 months post-treatment
Locations:
city: Accra
country: Ghana
facility: Ghana Health Service (GHS)
city: Nairobi
country: Kenya
facility: Kenya Medical Research Institution (KEMRI)
Study officials:
affiliation: Insud Pharma
name: Alejandro Krolewiecki, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: