Clinical trial NCT04534296: How Early Mobilization Impacts on Diaphragm Thickness in Critically Ill Children
Official title: A Randomized Control Trial Comparing the Effects of Early Mobilization and Routine Care on Diaphragmatic Thickness
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: NA
Conditions: Mechanical Ventilation Complication
Ventilator-induced Diaphragm Dysfunction
Lead sponsor: Children's Hospital of Fudan University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2020-09-01
Enrollment: 160
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 6
Maximum age (years): 12
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The objective is to compare the impact of early mobilization and routine care on diaphragm thickness in critically ill children

Detailed description: Mechanical ventilation is a life-supporting therapy that intrinsically induces diaphragm rest. Consequently, mechanical ventilation induces time-dependent diaphragm weakness in animals and in critically ill patients, and is referred to as ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD).

In most cases with VIDD, the decrease in diaphragm thickness can be detected by bedside Ultrasonography. The onset of diaphragm atrophy in the intensive care unit could be very rapid (fewer than 5 days). Vivier E. defined muscle atrophy as greater than or equal to a 10% decrease in muscle thickness on day 5 compared to day 1. It's found that diaphragm atrophy occured in 17/35 (48%). However, There is always some cases presented an increase in diaphragm thickness. Goligher EC. reported that approximately 20% of mechanically ventilated patients exhibit an increase in diaphragm thickness. In our previous study, there were about 46.7%(14/30) of ventilated children had increased diaphragmatic thickness. It's supposed that the thickening might associated with the diaphragm injury during mechanical ventilation.

Early mobilization may enhance the weaning of ventilated children, so the investigators hypothesize that the percentile of cases with increase diaphragmatic thickness will decline by early mobilization. To investigate this hypothesis, investigators are conducting a randomized trial examining the effects of early mobilization versus routine care on changing tendency of diaphragm thickness.

Enrolled children requiring mechanical ventilation will be randomized to either early mobilization group or routine care group. Diaphragm thickness will be measured by ultrasound on day1, day3, day5 and day7 after intubation and subsequently diaphragm thickness changing tendency will be calculated in each arm. The operator acquiring ultrasound images will be blinded to the care mode that the subject was randomized to. Subjects in the study will follow standard ICU sedation awakening trials and spontaneous breathing trials. The medical team in charge of the subject will determine when the subject is safe to receive early mobilization according to the standard established along with the rehabilitation team.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* subjects \> 6 months and \< 12 years of age；
* subjects been intubated and mechanically ventilated for \< 24 hours at the time of screening;
* the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) is greater than 3

Exclusion Criteria:

* cardiopulmonary arrest;
* history of diaphragmatic paralysis or neuromuscular disease;
* neuromuscular blockade;
* expectation to be liberated from ventilator in \< 24 hours
* history of mechanical ventilation in the last 6 months
* presence of tracheostomy
* high cervical spine injury
* status convulsion
* thoracic trauma when ultrasonic examination cannot be performed

Primary outcomes:
measure: the percentile of cases with increased diaphragm thickness
timeFrame: from intubation up to 7 days
Secondary outcomes:
measure: the diaphragm thickness
timeFrame: from intubation up to 7 days
measure: diaphragmatic thickening fraction (DTF)
timeFrame: from intubation up to 7 days
measure: mechanical ventilation time
timeFrame: from intubation to the day when children are successfully weaned (about 10 days )
measure: PICU length of stay
timeFrame: days from admission to discharge from PICU (about 20 days)
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Shanghai
country: China
facility: Children's Hospital, Fudan University
Study officials:
affiliation: Children's Hospital of Fudan University
name: Liyuan Han
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
citation: Hudson MB, Smuder AJ, Nelson WB, Bruells CS, Levine S, Powers SK. Both high level pressure support ventilation and controlled mechanical ventilation induce diaphragm dysfunction and atrophy. Crit Care Med. 2012 Apr;40(4):1254-60. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31823c8cc9.
citation: Grosu HB, Lee YI, Lee J, Eden E, Eikermann M, Rose KM. Diaphragm muscle thinning in patients who are mechanically ventilated. Chest. 2012 Dec;142(6):1455-1460. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-1638.
citation: Dres M, Demoule A. Beyond Ventilator-induced Diaphragm Dysfunction: New Evidence for Critical Illness-associated Diaphragm Weakness. Anesthesiology. 2019 Sep;131(3):462-463. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002825. No abstract available.
citation: Supinski GS, Callahan LA. Diaphragm weakness in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Crit Care. 2013 Jun 20;17(3):R120. doi: 10.1186/cc12792.
citation: Johnson RW, Ng KWP, Dietz AR, Hartman ME, Baty JD, Hasan N, Zaidman CM, Shoykhet M. Muscle atrophy in mechanically-ventilated critically ill children. PLoS One. 2018 Dec 19;13(12):e0207720. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207720. eCollection 2018.
citation: Dres M, Goligher EC, Heunks LMA, Brochard LJ. Critical illness-associated diaphragm weakness. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Oct;43(10):1441-1452. doi: 10.1007/s00134-017-4928-4. Epub 2017 Sep 15.
citation: Boussuges A, Gole Y, Blanc P. Diaphragmatic motion studied by m-mode ultrasonography: methods, reproducibility, and normal values. Chest. 2009 Feb;135(2):391-400. doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1541. Epub 2008 Nov 18.
citation: El-Halaby H, Abdel-Hady H, Alsawah G, Abdelrahman A, El-Tahan H. Sonographic Evaluation of Diaphragmatic Excursion and Thickness in Healthy Infants and Children. J Ultrasound Med. 2016 Jan;35(1):167-75. doi: 10.7863/ultra.15.01082. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
citation: Goligher EC, Dres M, Fan E, Rubenfeld GD, Scales DC, Herridge MS, Vorona S, Sklar MC, Rittayamai N, Lanys A, Murray A, Brace D, Urrea C, Reid WD, Tomlinson G, Slutsky AS, Kavanagh BP, Brochard LJ, Ferguson ND. Mechanical Ventilation-induced Diaphragm Atrophy Strongly Impacts Clinical Outcomes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018 Jan 15;197(2):204-213. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201703-0536OC.
citation: Bissett BM, Leditschke IA, Neeman T, Boots R, Paratz J. Inspiratory muscle training to enhance recovery from mechanical ventilation: a randomised trial. Thorax. 2016 Sep;71(9):812-9. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208279. Epub 2016 Jun 2.
citation: Vivier E, Roussey A, Doroszewski F, Rosselli S, Pommier C, Carteaux G, Mekontso Dessap A. Atrophy of Diaphragm and Pectoral Muscles in Critically Ill Patients. Anesthesiology. 2019 Sep;131(3):569-579. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002737.