Clinical trial NCT00001839: A Randomized Trial of Antithymocyte Globulin Versus Cyclosporine to Treat the Cytopenia of Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Official title: A Randomized Trial of Antithymocyte Globulin Versus Cyclosporine to Treat the Cytopenia of Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Hematologic Diseases
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Keywords: Anemia
Immunosuppressive
Phase II Trial
Pre-Leukemia
Therapy
Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Lead sponsor: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
Sponsor class: NIH
First posted: 2002-12-10
Enrollment: 182
Sex: ALL
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Approximately 40% of the patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) die as a consequence of their cytopenia. As in aplastic anemia, the cytopenia of MDS may be partly due to cytotoxic T cell activity. Immunosuppressive therapy may therefore reverse the cytopenia. In a phase II pilot study of anti-thymocyte globin (ATG) to treat myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS); 41% of patients (61% of patients with refractory anemia) have responded in terms of transfusion independence. Recently, Jonasova et al \[32\] reported a 82% substantial hematological response rate in 18 patients with MDS of the refractory anemia (RA) subtype treated with cyclosporine alone. Just over 50% of the patients in this series had MDS of the hypocellular type. Cyclosporine alone if indeed efficacious would be a powerful therapeutic option that could be readily used by hematologists in the community to treat patients with MDS. This efficacy needs to be proven in a larger study which includes patients with the other subtypes of MDS and more patients with the non-hypocellular forms of MDS (which constitute approximately 70% of the cases in the community). As MDS is a heterogeneous group of disorders, a randomized comparison with the other immunomodulating intervention of proven benefit, ATG, is appropriate. In this randomized study patients with MDS will receive either ATG alone or cyclosporine alone.

Detailed description: Approximately 40% of the patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) die as a consequence of their cytopenia. As in aplastic anemia, the cytopenia of MDS may be partly due to cytotoxic T cell activity. Immunosuppressive therapy may therefore reverse the cytopenia. In a phase II pilot study of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) to treat myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS); 41% of patients (61% of patients with refractory anemia) have responded in terms of transfusion independence. Recently, Jonasova et al \[32\] reported a 82% substantial hematological response rate in 18 patients with MDS of the refractory anemia (RA) subtype treated with cyclosporine alone. Just over 50% of the patients in this series had MDS of the hypocellular type. Cyclosporine alone if indeed efficacious would be a powerful therapeutic option that could be readily used by hematologists in the community to treat patients with MDS. This efficacy needs to be proven in a larger study which includes patients with the other subtypes of MDS and more patients with the non-hypocellular forms of MDS (which constitute approximately 70% of the cases in the community). As MDS is a heterogeneous group of disorders, a randomized comparison with the other immunomodulating intervention of proven benefit, ATG, is appropriate. In this randomized study patients with MDS will receive either ATG alone or cyclosporine alone.

Eligibility criteria: MDS of RA \& RAEB sub-types.

No current treatment and off other treatments for at least two weeks.

ECOG performance status less than or equal to 2.

No MDS of FAB sub-group' refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts' (RARS).

No transforming to acute leukemia (FAB sub-group RAEB-Tie.; greater than 20% blasts in marrow aspirate).

No hypoplastic marrow without one major or two minor criteria as outlined in table 3 of the appendix.

No one being treatment with growth factors or cyclosporine within four weeks prior to entry to protocol.

No previous treatment with ATG.

No ECOG performance status of greater than 2.

No active uncontrolled infection.

No women which current pregnancy, or unwilling to take oral contraceptives if of childbearing potential.

No patients for whom bone marrow transplant is indicated as primary therapy.

No one age less than 18 years.

Must be able to give informed consent.

No HIV positive patients.

No active malignant disease (excluding basal cell carcinoma).

No one with serum creatine greater than 2mg/dl.

No patients who are moribund or patients with concurrent hepatic, renal, cardiac, metabolic, or any disease of such severity that death within 7-10 days is likely.

Primary outcomes:
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Bethesda
country: United States
facility: Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center (CC)
state: Maryland
Study officials:
References: