Clinical trial NCT05957159: Investigating the Mu:Kappa Opioid Receptor Imbalance in Alcohol Use Disorder
Official title: Investigating the Mu:Kappa Opioid Receptor Imbalance in Alcohol Use Disorder
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: EARLY_PHASE1
Conditions: Alcohol Use Disorder
Keywords: Alcohol
Alcohol cessation
Lead sponsor: Yale University
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
First posted: 2023-07-24
Enrollment: 100
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 21
Maximum age (years): 70
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Intervention model description: All subjects will be asked to complete both PKAB and CFN PET Imaging scans, AUD subset will participate in a detoxification program
Primary purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE

Brief summary: The primary objective of this multimodal positron emission tomography (PET) study is to use PET brain imaging to measure both MOR (Mu-Opioid receptors) and KOR (kappa-opioid receptors) in participants with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and to quantify the relationships between MOR and KOR, separately and jointly, to key clinical outcomes (e.g., craving, mood, withdrawal, time to lapse) during a quit attempt.

Detailed description: Primary Objective

The primary objective of this multimodal positron emission tomography (PET) study is to use PET brain imaging to measure both MOR (Mu-Opioid receptors) and KOR (kappa-opioid receptors) in participants with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and to quantify the relationships between MOR and KOR, separately and jointly, to key clinical outcomes (e.g., craving, mood, withdrawal, time to lapse) during a quit attempt. Investigators will achieve this goal by completing the following aims:

Aim 1: To determine whether participants with AUD in early abstinence (up to 6 days) have altered MOR and KOR availability compared to healthy subjects. Investigators propose to recruit 50 people with AUD (DSM-5 diagnosis) and 50 age- and sex-matched controls to each participate in one \[11C\]CFN and one \[11C\]PKAB PET scan. Participants with AUD will participate either 1) in a medically supervised inpatient unit, the Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit (CNRU), for \~6 days, or 2) will stop drinking on an outpatient basis with daily meetings for \~6 days. Measures of craving (including a cue reactivity task), mood, withdrawal, and drinking outcomes will be collected. Hypothesis: participants with AUD will have significantly higher MOR in ventral striatum, but lower KOR in amygdala and whole striatum compared to control participants.

Aim 2: To relate measures of MOR and KOR availability to clinical outcomes during early and late abstinence. Early abstinence (\~6 days) will be followed by an outpatient quit attempt for an additional 3 weeks supported by contingency management. Measures of craving, mood, withdrawal, and drinking outcomes will be collected throughout the study. Hypothesis: Taken one at a time, MOR availability in ventral striatum as well as KOR in the amygdala and whole striatum will each be significantly associated with abstinence-induced craving, mood, withdrawal, and time to lapse in participants with AUD.

Aim 3: To maximize use of neuroimaging data via machine-learning-based clustering to identify biomarkers of the joint (MOR, KOR) dataset that characterize clinical outcomes in AUD during a quit attempt. Primary. The investigators will determine whether clusters of AUD patients based on features of the joint (MOR, KOR) data are significantly associated with distinct clinical outcomes (e.g., time to lapse) during a quit attempt. Secondary. Investigators will test the classification accuracy of our clustering approach. Hypotheses: Clustering of joint (MOR, KOR) data will yield clusters of AUD patients with significantly different clinical responses to a quit attempt. Clusters will be more compact (distinct) than if based on demographics or a single type of PET image, alone. A classification scheme based on (MOR, KOR) data will assign individual patients to pre-defined clusters with high classification accuracy, that is, to the cluster that best reflects their clinical outcomes.

Aim 4: To determine whether MOR and KOR availability normalizes over the course of abstinence. Subjects who do not drop out of the study in the first 3 weeks may return for one \[11C\]CFN, one \[11C\]PKAB PET scan, and one MRI during weeks 3-6 of the study. This will allow us to gain information on the changes in the MOR and KOR systems that occur during a quit attempt. Investigators hypothesize a reduction in MOR and increase in KOR within subject in participants who are able to maintain abstinence.

Secondary Objective (if applicable) The secondary objective of this study is to evaluate the predictive ability of the clustering method, i.e., its potential for personalized prediction of individual clinical outcomes. For any 'new' subject not used for the initial clustering, investigators will assign it to a cluster by a K-nearest neighbor approach.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants with AUD will have a current diagnosis of AUD according to DSM-5 criteria (i.e., SCID-5 ascertained diagnosis, confirmed by the Principal Investigators);
* Participants with AUD will meet the following drinking criteria: males will drink \> 14 drinks per week and exceed 4 drinks per day at least twice per week; females will drink \> 7 drinks per week and exceed 3 drinks per day at least twice per week. They must meet drinking criteria during a consecutive 30-day period within the 90 days prior to intake;
* Participants with AUD will indicate willingness to abstain from alcohol and engage in a quit attempt;
* Healthy subjects will have no current or past diagnosis of AUD or other significant substance use disorder. They will drink less than 5 alcoholic drinks per week with no heavy drinking days (i.e., \>4 drinks/day for men; \>3 drinks/day for women) in the last 30 days;
* Able to read and write English and to provide voluntary, written informed consent;
* Agree to have blood drawn for genotyping of the OPRM1 which has been shown to impact the \[11C\]CFN outcome measure, BPND50.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current significant medical condition such as neurological, cardiovascular, endocrine, renal, liver, or thyroid pathology that would impact the integrity of the data (note that elevated liver enzymes for individuals with AUD will not be exclusionary);
* Past or current neurological disorder or disorders affecting the brain including but not limited to multiple sclerosis, history of stroke, brain tumors, traumatic brain injury with loss of consciousness, seizure disorder;
* Current significant psychiatric disorder including severe substance use disorder (other than alcohol or tobacco use disorders\*), and past or current psychotic symptoms;
* Regular use in the past 6 months of any prescription, psychoactive or herbal medications (e.g., antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics) that would impact the integrity of the data (e.g., naltrexone); No subject will be asked to stop taking medication to participate in the study;
* Women who are pregnant or nursing, or fail to use one of the following methods of birth control unless she or her partner is surgically sterile or she is postmenopausal (hormone contraceptives \[oral, implant, injection, patch, or ring\], contraceptive sponge, double barrier \[diaphragm or condom plus spermicide\], or IUD;
* Contraindications to MRI such as claustrophobia or metal in their body;
* Subjects whose participation would cause them to exceed yearly radiation limits for research subjects

Primary outcomes:
measure: Regional binding availability and volume of distribution of (Mu-Opioid receptors)
timeFrame: Within first 6 days of abstinence
measure: Regional binding availability and volume of distribution of (Mu-Opioid receptors)
timeFrame: Between 3 to 6 weeks into alcohol cessation
measure: Regional binding availability and volume of distribution of (Kappa-Opioid receptors)
timeFrame: Within first 6 days of abstinence
measure: Regional binding availability and volume of distribution of (Kappa-Opioid receptors)
timeFrame: Between 3 to 6 weeks into alcohol cessation
measure: Alcohol Cue Reactivity Craving
timeFrame: Within first 6 days of abstinence
measure: Change in Alcohol Withdrawal
timeFrame: Up to 1 month prior to initial imaging and up to 6 days into alcohol cessation
measure: Change in Alcohol Use
timeFrame: Up to 1 month prior to initial imaging and up to 6 days into alcohol cessation
measure: Change in Alcohol Craving
timeFrame: Up to 1 month prior to initial imaging and up to 6 days into alcohol cessation
measure: Change in Mood
timeFrame: Up to 1 month prior to initial imaging and up to 6 days into alcohol cessation
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Baseline Verbal Memory
timeFrame: Up to 3 months prior to initial imaging or on initial imaging day (depending hospital availability
measure: Baseline Verbal Memory
timeFrame: Completed on second PKAB/CFN imaging day (Between 3 to 6 weeks into alcohol cessation)
measure: Baseline Executive Function
timeFrame: Up to 3 months prior to initial imaging or on initial imaging day (depending hospital availability
measure: Test Executive Function
timeFrame: Completed on second PKAB/CFN imaging day (Between 3 to 6 weeks into alcohol cessation)
measure: Baseline Visual Processing Speed
timeFrame: Up to 3 months prior to initial imaging or on initial imaging day (depending hospital availability
measure: Test Visual Processing Speed
timeFrame: Completed on second PKAB/CFN imaging day (Between 3 to 6 weeks into alcohol cessation)
measure: Baseline Visual Attention
timeFrame: Up to 3 months prior to initial imaging or on initial imaging day (depending hospital availability
measure: Test Visual Attention
timeFrame: Completed on second PKAB/CFN imaging day (Between 3 to 6 weeks into alcohol cessation)
measure: Baseline Visual Learning
timeFrame: Up to 3 months prior to initial imaging or on initial imaging day (depending hospital availability
measure: Test Visual Learning
timeFrame: Completed on second PKAB/CFN imaging day (Between 3 to 6 weeks into alcohol cessation)
measure: Baseline Working Memory One Back
timeFrame: Up to 3 months prior to initial imaging or on initial imaging day (depending hospital availability
measure: Test Working Memory One Back
timeFrame: Completed on second PKAB/CFN imaging day (Between 3 to 6 weeks into alcohol cessation)
measure: Baseline Working Memory Two Back
timeFrame: Up to 3 months prior to initial imaging or on initial imaging day (depending hospital availability
measure: Test Working Memory Two Back
timeFrame: Completed on second PKAB/CFN imaging day (Between 3 to 6 weeks into alcohol cessation)
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: New Haven
country: United States
facility: Yale University
state: Connecticut
Study officials:
affiliation: Yale University
name: Kelly Cosgrove, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: