Clinical trial NCT03992066: Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of Vadadustat in Hemodialysis Subjects With Anemia Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease
Official title: A Phase 1b, Randomized, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of Vadadustat in Hemodialysis Subjects With Anemia Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE1
Conditions: Anemia Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease
Keywords: Anemia
Chronic kidney disease
Vadadustat
Hemodialysis
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent
Lead sponsor: Akebia Therapeutics
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2019-06-19
Enrollment: 46
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: This study will be conducted to assess the pharmacokinetics of vadadustat 600, 750, and 900 milligrams daily, and intravenous erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (darbepoetin alfa or epoetin alfa), in hemodialysis participants with anemia associated with chronic kidney disease.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male or female ≥18 years of age at the time of informed consent
* Receiving chronic, outpatient in-center hemodialysis three times a week for end-stage renal disease for at least 12 weeks prior to Screening
* Maintained on intravenous erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy (mean dose of \<1.5 micrograms per kilogram per week for darbepoetin alfa, or mean dose of \<300 Units per kilogram per week for epoetin alfa) for 8 weeks prior to randomization
* Two hemoglobin values between 8.5 and 10.5 grams per deciliter, inclusive, measured at least 4 days apart within 28 days prior to randomization
* Investigator determines the participant is not likely to need rescue therapy (ESA administration or red blood cell transfusion) or require interruption or discontinuation of study drug within the next 30 days
* Serum ferritin ≥100 nanograms per milliliter and transferrin saturation ≥20% within the 28-day screening period prior to randomization
* Folate and vitamin B12 measurements ≥ lower limit of normal within the 28-day screening period prior to randomization
* Hemodialysis adequacy (Kt/Vurea) as indicated by single-pool Kt/Vurea ≥1.2 using the most recent historical measurement within 12 weeks prior to randomization
* Female participants of childbearing potential who are non-lactating, not pregnant as confirmed by a negative serum pregnancy test at Screening within 9 days prior to dosing on Day 1, and using, and agree to continue using, an acceptable method of contraception for at least 4 weeks prior to first dose of study drug until 30 days after the last dose of study drug. Acceptable contraceptive use is outlined in the protocol.
* Female participants of non-childbearing potential who are either surgically sterile (e.g., hysterectomy, bilateral tubal ligation, bilateral oophorectomy) or post-menopausal (\>12 months of spontaneous and continuous amenorrhea in a female \>55 years old, or \>12 months of spontaneous and continuous amenorrhea with a follicle stimulating hormone \[FSH\] level \>40 International Units per Liter in a female \<55 years old)
* Female participants of childbearing potential who agree not to donate ova during the study and for at least 30 days after the last dose of study drug
* Male participants who have not had a vasectomy must agree to use an acceptable method of contraception from time of first dose of study drug until 30 days after the last dose of the study drug, and to not donate sperm during the study and for at least 30 days after the last dose of study drug. Acceptable contraceptive use is outlined in the protocol.
* Understands the procedures and requirements of the study and provides written informed consent and authorization for protected health information disclosure

Exclusion Criteria:

* Treated with any HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) other than atorvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, or rosuvastatin within the 28-day screening period prior to randomization. Within the 28-day screening period prior to randomization, the maximum allowable dose of simvastatin is 20 milligrams (mg) daily, and the maximum allowable dose of rosuvastatin is 10 mg daily. These restrictions also apply to the dosing period.
* Treated with clinically relevant substrates of the breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) transporter (e.g., sulfasalazine, methotrexate, mitoxantrone, imatinib, irinotecan, lapatinib, topotecan, tenofovir, glecaprevir, pibrentasir, or sofosbuvir) within 30 days prior to randomization
* Anemia with a cause other than chronic kidney disease (e.g., sickle cell disease, myelodysplastic syndromes, bone marrow fibrosis, hematologic malignancy, myeloma, hemolytic anemia, thalassemia, or pure red cell aplasia)
* Active bleeding or blood loss within 8 weeks prior to randomization
* Red blood cell transfusion within 8 weeks prior to randomization
* Anticipated to discontinue hemodialysis or change dialysis modality during the study
* History of chronic liver disease (e.g., chronic infectious hepatitis, chronic autoimmune liver disease, cirrhosis or fibrosis of the liver)
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), or total bilirubin \>1.5× upper limit of normal (ULN) within the 28-day screening period prior to randomization. Participants with a history of Gilbert's syndrome may participate in the study if they are not jaundiced, have a total bilirubin \<3 × ULN and AST and ALT are not \>1.5× ULN.
* Current uncontrolled hypertension that would contraindicate the use of darbepoetin alfa or epoetin alfa as determined by the investigator
* Acute coronary syndrome (hospitalization for unstable angina or myocardial infarction), surgical or percutaneous intervention for coronary, cerebrovascular, or peripheral artery disease (aortic or lower extremity), surgical or percutaneous valvular replacement or repair, sustained ventricular tachycardia, hospitalization for heart failure (HF) or New York Heart Association Class IV HF, or stroke within 12 weeks prior to randomization
* History of new or recurrent malignancy within 2 years prior to Screening or currently receiving treatment or suppressive therapy for cancer. Participants with treated basal cell carcinoma of skin, curatively resected squamous cell carcinoma of skin, or cervical carcinoma in situ may participate on the study.
* History of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism within 12 weeks prior to randomization
* History of hemosiderosis or hemochromatosis
* History of bilateral native nephrectomy
* History of functioning organ transplantation other than corneal transplant
* Scheduled organ transplant from a living donor or on the kidney transplant wait list or expected to receive a transplant during the study
* History of a prior hematopoietic stem cell or bone marrow transplant (stem cell therapy for knee arthritis is not excluded)
* Known hypersensitivity to vadadustat excipients, or to darbepoetin alfa or epoetin alfa
* Use of an investigational drug within 30 days or 5 half-lives of the investigational drug (whichever is longer) prior to randomization
* Prior administration of an hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl-hydroxylase, including vadadustat
* Any other reason, which in the opinion of the investigator, would make the participant not suitable for participation in the study
* Treated with probenecid within the 28-day Screening Period prior to randomization or during the study treatment duration

Primary outcomes:
measure: Mean area under concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration (AUClast)
timeFrame: Vadadustat: Days 1, 2, 8, and 10 (or End of Treatment). Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent: Days 1 and 2
measure: Area under concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUCinf)
timeFrame: Vadadustat: Days 1, 2, 8, and 10 (or End of Treatment). Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent: Days 1 and 2
measure: Maximum observed concentration (Cmax)
timeFrame: Vadadustat: Days 1, 2, 8, and 10 (or End of Treatment). Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent: Days 1 and 2
measure: Time to maximum observed concentration (Tmax)
timeFrame: Vadadustat: Days 1, 2, 8, and 10 (or End of Treatment). Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent: Days 1 and 2
measure: Terminal half-life (t½)
timeFrame: Vadadustat: Days 1, 2, 8, and 10 (or End of Treatment). Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent: Days 1 and 2
measure: Apparent clearance (CL/F) or clearance (CL)
timeFrame: Vadadustat: Days 1, 2, 8, and 10 (or End of Treatment). Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent: Days 1 and 2
measure: Apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F) or volume of distribution (Vd)
timeFrame: Vadadustat: Days 1, 2, 8, and 10 (or End of Treatment). Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent: Days 1 and 2
measure: Tmax for vadadustat metabolite(s)
timeFrame: Day 1: predose; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 11 hours post dose. Day 2: 24 hours (-2 hours) post Day 1 dose and prior to dosing. Day 8: predose; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 11 hours post dose. Day 10 or End of Treatment: predose
measure: AUClast for vadadustat metabolite(s)
timeFrame: Day 1: predose; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 11 hours post dose. Day 2: 24 hours (-2 hours) post Day 1 dose and prior to dosing. Day 8: predose; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 11 hours post dose. Day 10 or End of Treatment: predose
measure: AUCinf for vadadustat metabolite(s)
timeFrame: Day 1: predose; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 11 hours post dose. Day 2: 24 hours (-2 hours) post Day 1 dose and prior to dosing. Day 8: predose; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 11 hours post dose. Day 10 or End of Treatment: predose
measure: Cmax for vadadustat metabolite(s)
timeFrame: Day 1: predose; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 11 hours post dose. Day 2: 24 hours (-2 hours) post Day 1 dose and prior to dosing. Day 8: predose; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 11 hours post dose. Day 10 or End of Treatment: predose
measure: Serum erythropoietin concentration for the erythropoiesis-stimulating agent treatment group
timeFrame: Day 1: predose; 0.25, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 11 hours post dose. Day 2: 24 hours (-2 hours) post Day 1 dose
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Hepcidin concentration
timeFrame: predose on Days 1, 6, and 10
measure: Serum erythropoietin concentration
timeFrame: predose on Days 1, 6, and 10; post dose on Days 1 and 8
measure: Iron concentration
timeFrame: predose on Days 1, 6, and 10
measure: Ferritin concentration
timeFrame: predose on Days 1, 6, and 10
measure: Total iron-binding capcity
timeFrame: predose on Days 1, 6, and 10
measure: Transferrin saturation
timeFrame: predose on Days 1, 6, and 10
measure: Hemoglobin concentration
timeFrame: post dose on Days 1, 6, and 10
measure: Reticulocyte concentration
timeFrame: predose on Days 1, 6, and 10
measure: Number of participants with any treatment-emergent adverse event
timeFrame: up to Day 40, plus or minus 3 days
measure: Number of participants with clinically significant electrocardiogram findings
timeFrame: up to Day 40, plus or minus 3 days
measure: Number of participants with clinically significant vital sign values
timeFrame: up to Day 40, plus or minus 3 days
measure: Number of participants with clinically significant clinical laboratory values
timeFrame: up to Day 40, plus or minus 3 days
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Escondido
country: United States
facility: Research Site
state: California
city: Denver
country: United States
facility: Research Site
state: Colorado
city: Fort Lauderdale
country: United States
facility: Research Site
state: Florida
city: Miami Beach
country: United States
facility: Research Site
state: Florida
city: Miami
country: United States
facility: Research Site
state: Florida
city: Orlando
country: United States
facility: Research Site
state: Florida
city: Kansas City
country: United States
facility: Research Site
state: Missouri
city: Midwest City
country: United States
facility: Research Site
state: Oklahoma
city: Providence
country: United States
facility: Research Site
state: Rhode Island
city: Chattanooga
country: United States
facility: Research Site
state: Tennessee
Study officials:
References:
citation: Natale P, Palmer SC, Jaure A, Hodson EM, Ruospo M, Cooper TE, Hahn D, Saglimbene VM, Craig JC, Strippoli GF. Hypoxia-inducible factor stabilisers for the anaemia of chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Aug 25;8(8):CD013751. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013751.pub2.