Clinical trial NCT01970358: A Phase I Study with a Personalized NeoAntigen Cancer Vaccine in Melanoma
Official title: A Phase I Study with a Personalized NeoAntigen Cancer Vaccine in Melanoma
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE1
Conditions: Melanoma
Keywords: melanoma
melanoma vaccine
adjuvant therapy
Lead sponsor: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2013-10-28
Enrollment: 15
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: This research study is evaluating a new type of melanoma vaccine called "Personalized NeoAntigen Cancer Vaccine". The purpose of this study is to determine if it is possible to make and administer safely a vaccine against melanoma by using information gained from specific characteristics of the participant's own melanoma. It is known that melanomas have mutations (changes in genetic material) that are specific to an individual patient and tumor. These mutations can cause the tumor cells to produce proteins that appear very different from the body's own cells. It is possible that these proteins used in a vaccine may induce strong immune responses, which may help the participant's body fight any tumor cells that could cause the melanoma to come back in the future. The study will examine the safety of the vaccine when given at several different time points and will examine the participant's blood cells for signs that the vaccine induced an immune response.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients must meet the following criteria on screening examination to be eligible to participate in the study:
* Patient is willing and able to give written informed consent.
* Patient is agreeable to allow tumor and normal tissue samples to be submitted for complete exome and transcriptome sequencing.
* Pathologically confirmed, clinically evident (by physical examination or radiographic imaging) stage IIIB, IIIC, and IVM1a and b cutaneous melanoma (anatomic stages T1-4b N1a and T1-4b N2a not included). ) The current diagnosis may be the patient's first diagnosis of melanoma or recurrent melanoma after previous diagnosis of an earlier stage melanoma.
* Complete surgical resection of metastatic disease (lymph node, in transit, satellite lesion(s), distant metastastases) with negative margins on resected specimens as confirmed by pathologic review has not been performed, but is deemed feasible by the treating surgical oncologist. Surgical resection of the primary melanoma may or may not have been performed.
* The patient must be free of unresectable metastatic disease within 4 weeks prior to the surgery being performed with the intention to remove all melanoma.
* This pre-surgery baseline assessment must be documented by complete physical examination and imaging studies. Imaging studies must include a total body PET-CT in conjunction with a brain MRI (or head CT if brain MRI is contraindicated). If a PET/CT scan cannot be done, a CT of the neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis should be performed.
* Patients may have received prior interferon alpha (IFN-α), but must have discontinued IFN-α therapy within 4 weeks prior to enrollment on the trial. - Patients who have not received prior adjuvant therapy should be informed of the potential therapeutic benefit of IFN-α. Previous radiation therapy, including after the surgical resection, is allowed as long as 14 days have elapsed between the radiation and initiation of first vaccination with NeoVax.
* Age ≥ 18 years.
* ECOG performance status \<1
* Normal organ and bone marrow function as defined below:
* Leukocytes ≥ 3,500/mcL
* Absolute lymphocyte count \> 800/mcL
* Absolute neutrophil count \> 1,500/mcL
* Platelets \> 100,000/mcL
* Hemoglobin \> 10.0 g/dL
* Total serum bilirubin \< 1.0 x institutional upper limit of normal
* AST (SGOT)/ALT (SGPT) \< 2.0 x institutional upper limit of normal
* Serum creatinine\< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal
* Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) must have a negative pregnancy test (minimum sensitivity 25 IU/L or equivalent of HCG) before entry onto the trial and within 7 days prior to start of study medication, because the effects NeoVax on the developing human fetus are unknown. It is the investigators' responsibility to repeat the pregnancy test should start of treatment be delayed.
* Female patients enrolled in the study, who are not free from menses for \>2 years, post hysterectomy / oophorectomy, or surgically sterilized, must be willing to use either 2 adequate barrier methods or a barrier method plus a hormonal method of contraception to prevent pregnancy or to abstain from sexual activity throughout the study, starting with visit 1 through 4 weeks after the last dose of study therapy. Approved contraceptive methods include for example; intra uterine device, diaphragm with spermicide, cervical cap with spermicide, male condoms, or female condom with spermicide. Spermicides alone are not an acceptable method of contraception.
* Male patients must agree to use an adequate method of contraception starting with the first dose of NeoVax through 4 weeks after the last dose of study therapy.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prior treatment with immune-modulatory agents including, but not limited to: IL-2, CTLA-4 blockade, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, CD40 stimulation, CD137 stimulation with the exception of INF-α given as adjuvant treatment for high-risk, surgically resected melanoma
* Prior investigational melanoma-directed cancer vaccine therapy
* Prior chemotherapy, including targeted therapy such as BRAF or MEK inhibition
* Treatment with other investigational products within the last 2 months prior to entry into this study
* Previous bone marrow or stem cell transplant
* Concomitant therapy with any anti-cancer agents, other investigational anti-cancer therapies, or immunosuppressive agents; chronic use of systemic corticosteroids
* Use of a non-oncology vaccine therapy for prevention of infectious diseases (up-to) 4 weeks prior to enrollment to the study. Patients may not receive any non-oncology vaccine therapy during the period of NeoVax administration and until at least 8 weeks after the last dose of study therapy
* History of severe allergic reactions attributed to any vaccine therapy for the prevention of infectious diseases
* Mucosal melanoma and uveal melanoma are not allowed
* Active, known, or suspected autoimmune disease or immunosuppressive conditions with the exception of vitiligo, type 1 diabetes, residual autoimmune-related hypothyroidism requiring hormone replacement, or psoriasis not requiring systemic treatment.
* Concomitant treatment with corticosteroids greater than physiologic doses (used in the management of cancer or non-cancer-related illnesses). Topical (if not including the proposed vaccination sites) or inhalational steroids are allowed.
* Known chronic infections with HIV, hepatitis B or C
* Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia
* Any underlying medical condition, psychiatric condition or social situation that in the opinion of the investigator would compromise study administration as per protocol or compromise the assessment of AEs.
* Pregnant women are excluded from this study because personalized neoantigen peptides and poly-ICLC are agents with unknown risks to the developing fetus. Because there is an unknown but potential risk of adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with personalized neoantigen peptides and poly-ICLC, nursing women are excluded from this study.
* Individuals with a history of a different malignancy are ineligible except for the following circumstances: Individuals with a history of other malignancies are eligible if they have been disease-free for at least 5 years and are deemed by the investigator to be at low risk for recurrence of that malignancy. Individuals with the following cancers are eligible if diagnosed and treated within the past 5 years: cervical cancer in situ and basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

Primary outcomes:
measure: Number of participants experiencing clinical and laboratory adverse events (AEs)
timeFrame: 7 weeks from first study drug administration
measure: Number of participants for whom sequencing and analysis leads to identification of at least 10 actionable peptides to initiate vaccine production
timeFrame: 12 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Number of participants with specific cellular immune responses following administration of NeoVax
timeFrame: 16 weeks
measure: Number of participants alive without progression at two years after surgery following administration of NeoVax
timeFrame: 2 Years
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Boston
country: United States
facility: Brigham and Women's Hospital
state: Massachusetts
city: Boston
country: United States
facility: Dana Farber Cancer Institute
state: Massachusetts
Study officials:
affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
name: Patrick Ott, MD, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Srikrishna D, Sachsenmeier K. We need to bring R0 < 1 to treat cancer too. Genome Med. 2021 Jul 26;13(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s13073-021-00940-9.
citation: Hu Z, Leet DE, Allesoe RL, Oliveira G, Li S, Luoma AM, Liu J, Forman J, Huang T, Iorgulescu JB, Holden R, Sarkizova S, Gohil SH, Redd RA, Sun J, Elagina L, Giobbie-Hurder A, Zhang W, Peter L, Ciantra Z, Rodig S, Olive O, Shetty K, Pyrdol J, Uduman M, Lee PC, Bachireddy P, Buchbinder EI, Yoon CH, Neuberg D, Pentelute BL, Hacohen N, Livak KJ, Shukla SA, Olsen LR, Barouch DH, Wucherpfennig KW, Fritsch EF, Keskin DB, Wu CJ, Ott PA. Personal neoantigen vaccines induce persistent memory T cell responses and epitope spreading in patients with melanoma. Nat Med. 2021 Mar;27(3):515-525. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-01206-4. Epub 2021 Jan 21.