Clinical trial NCT06253039: "Living Low - Training High" Methods and Physiological Responses in Well-trained Swimmers
Official title: Effects of Innovative "Living Low - Training High" Methods on Performance and Physiological Responses in Well-trained Swimmers.
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Phase: NA
Conditions: Normobaric Hypoxia
Hypoventilation
Normoxia
Keywords: Repeated sprint methods
Swimming performance
Training programs
V̇̇O2peak
Lactate concentration
Energetic systems
Oxygen uptake kinetics
Deoxygenation kinetics
Lead sponsor: Faculdade de Motricidade Humana
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Centro de Alto Rendimento do Jamor
First posted: 2024-02-12
Enrollment: 36
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 30
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: OTHER

Brief summary: To overcome the lack of knowledge regarding the impact of different "living low, training high" methods on swimming performance, a 4-week intervention will be carried out to determine and compare the effects of three Repeated Sprints in Hypoxia (RSH) methods with each other and with a control group. Our goal is to characterize and compare the adaptations in swimming performance and in cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and muscle oxygenation responses that can arise after a 4-week training period of RSH and RSH-voluntary hypoventilation (VHL) performed in a ski-ergometer.

Detailed description: Recently, several new "living low training high" (LLTH) methods involving repeated sprints in hypoxia have shown promising results, especially in team sports. However, the underlying mechanisms remain mostly unclear, as does its effectiveness in improving swimming performance.

Hypoxemia can be induced by exposure to ambient hypoxia conditions, by voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume, or by vascular occlusion (namely, blood flow restriction). Swimming performance is influenced by aerobic and anaerobic metabolism and could benefit from these different LLTH methods.

This project aims to compare the effects of repeated sprint training performed with a ski-ergometer 1) in a hypoxic chamber and 2) with voluntary hypoventilation on the performance of swimmers, as well as to characterize cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and muscle oxygenation adaptations that may contribute to the improvements achieved after four weeks of each of these types of training.

All groups will be evaluated before and after the supervised training period in three testing sessions in normoxia, separated by at least 24 hours within 7 days. Swimmers will perform: 1) time-trial (100 m front crawl) in the swimming pool to determine performance, V̇̇O2 peak, and lactate concentration following the test; 2) incremental test to exhaustion in the swim-ergometer to determine aerobic peak power, cardiorespiratory responses (V̇̇O2max, ventilatory thresholds), and maximal tissue deoxygenation; 3) time-trial test in the ski-ergometer (100 m) to access performance, muscle and pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics, and the relative contribution of energetic systems.

Training sessions will be performed in the ski-ergometer and consist of 4 sets of 5x6s all-out sprints with 24s and 5 min of passive rest between the sprints and sets, respectively. In all testing and training sessions, pulse oxygen saturation will be measured for safety purposes.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Swimmers from both sexes;
* With regular participation in National Championships;
* More than five years of training experience;
* No recent exposure/acclimatization to altitude;
* No recent exposition to Blood Flow Restriction training.

Exclusion Criteria:

* athletes who had an acclimatization experience or exposure to altitude lasting more than 10 days in the last 6 months;
* pregnant or postpartum women;

Primary outcomes:
measure: Ventilatory thresholds and maximum oxygen consumption
timeFrame: Before and after 4 weeks of supervised training period
measure: Lactate concentration
timeFrame: Before and after 4 weeks of supervised training period
measure: Muscle oximetry
timeFrame: Before and after 4 weeks of supervised training period
measure: Time-trial
timeFrame: Before and after 4 weeks of supervised training period
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Heart rate
timeFrame: Before and after 4 weeks of supervised training period
measure: Arterial oxygen saturation
timeFrame: Before and after 4 weeks of supervised training period
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Lisbon
country: Portugal
facility: Faculty of Human Kinetics
state: Cruz-Quebrada
Study officials:
References: