Clinical trial NCT05169242: A Trial on Prophylactic Clipping to Prevent Post-polypectomy Bleeding After Colonoscopy in Direct Oral Anticoagulant Users
Official title: A Double Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial on Prophylactic Clipping to Prevent Post-polypectomy Bleeding After Colonoscopy in Direct Oral Anticoagulant Users
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: NA
Conditions: Post Polypectomy Bleeding
Lead sponsor: Chinese University of Hong Kong
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2021-12-23
Enrollment: 584
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: The investigators hypothesize that prophylactic clipping after colonoscopic polypectomy can reduce risk of delayed PPB among DOAC users. The investigators also hypothesize that pre-endoscopy drug level can predict the risk of hemorrhagic complications after the procedure.

Detailed description: Despite the clinical benefit of colonoscopic polypectomy, post-polypectomy bleeding (PPB) occurs in up to 6.5% of patients. Current international guidelines classify polypectomy as one of the endoscopic procedures with high risk of hemorrhage.

Risk factors for PPB include advanced age, cardiovascular or renal diseases, large polyp size, pedunculated morphology, proximal location in right colon, and the use of antithrombotic medications. Among them, the use of oral anticoagulants such as warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) is associated with a substantially higher risk of PPB up to 13.7%.

While prophylactic clipping is often performed by endoscopists to reduce the PPB risk in clinical practice, the available evidence on its efficacy has been heterogenous and conflicting. A number of studies reported the efficacy of prophylactic clip closure after endoscopic resection to prevent PPB. On the contrary, several randomized trials did not demonstrate any significant benefit of prophylactic clipping. In recent meta-analyses, routine use of prophylactic clipping was not shown to decrease PPB risk, except in a subgroup of colonic lesion larger than 20mm and proximal to the hepatic flexure. However, the proportion of patients on oral anticoagulants was low (5.1%-26%) in the above studies, limiting the generalizability of results to this high-risk patient group. Our preliminary data involving \>500 patients on oral anticoagulants showed a lower PPB risk in prophylactic clipping group among DOAC users.

Also, although the consensus is that DOAC users do not require routine drug level monitoring, studies have shown a positive correlation between plasma drug level and bleeding risks. In special circumstances, the measurement of anticoagulant effect would provide management guide, including patients with extreme body weight or renal impairment, imminent need of antidote reversal or before invasive surgical procedures. Diluted thrombin time and anti-factor Xa assays demonstrated a reasonable linear correlation with the plasma drug concentration, yet they are indirect tests. Specific DOAC drug level can be checked to provide direct measurement of anticoagulant effect. In the setting of elective invasive procedures, a pre-operative cutoff level (≦30 ng/mL) for dabigatran and rivaroxaban has been proposed. Patients undergoing interventions with high bleeding risks may benefit from drug level measurement by informing the operators to perform prophylactic measures to reduce hemorrhagic complications.

In this randomized controlled trial, we aim to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic clipping in preventing PPB in colonoscopy among DOAC users. We also wish to investigate the correlation of pre-endoscopy DOAC drug level and the risk of hemorrhagic complications after the procedure.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* They are active users of any DOAC
* They require elective colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening, polyp surveillance, or investigation of symptoms such as anemia or past gastrointestinal bleeding
* Aged 18 years old or above;
* Written informed consent obtained.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Absolute contraindications to colonoscopy
* Any medical conditions precluding interruption of DOAC for procedure
* Any medical conditions requiring concomitant uninterrupted dual antiplatelet drugs (single antiplatelet drug users will not be excluded)
* Active gastrointestinal bleeding
* Clinically significant bleeding tendency (decompensated cirrhosis or severe thrombocytopenia)
* Severe renal impairment (defined as creatinine clearance \< 15 ml/min)
* Pregnancy or lactation;
* Advanced comorbid conditions (defined as American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 4 or above)
* Unable to obtain informed consent

Primary outcomes:
measure: Clinically significant delayed post-polypectomy bleeding
timeFrame: 2 years
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Overall delayed post-polypectomy bleeding rate and cardio-thrombotic event rate
timeFrame: 2 years
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Shatin
country: Hong Kong
facility: Prince of Wales Hospital
state: New Territories
Study officials:
References: