Clinical trial NCT04894058: Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy in the Reverse Trendelenburg Position for Upper Ureteral Stones
Official title: Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy in the Reverse Trendelenburg Position for Upper Ureteral Stones: a Prospective, Randomized, Comparative Study
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Ureterolithiasis
Ureter Stone
Ureter Calculi
Keywords: Upper ureteral stone
Ureteroscopic lithotripsy
Reverse Trendelenburg
Lead sponsor: Ankara Training and Research Hospital
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2021-05-20
Enrollment: 167
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 90
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: This study investigated a previously unassessed operating position for ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy in patients with upper ureteral stone. The reverse Trendelenburg position can reduce migration and improve the stone free rate (SFR). Moreover, less utilization of flexible ureteroscope and hospital stay in reverse Trendelenburg position can reduce the medical cost. Therefore, it can be safely used as an optional surgical method for the treatment of upper ureteral stones.

Detailed description: With the rapid development of urological endoscopy technology, minimally invasive surgery has replaced open surgery in ureteral stones. The majority of upper ureteral stones are treated with endoscopic techniques. In the last 10 years, URSL (Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy) has surpassed SWL (Shock-wave lithotripsy) with its wide use \[1\]. While URSL was considered in the foreground according to SWL for proximal ureteral stones larger than 1 cm, today it is recommended with equal efficiency and safety with SWL for stones smaller than 1 cm \[2\]. However, migration of stones to renal calyces is a common problem during ureteroscopic treatment of upper ureteral stones. Migration can be caused by many factors such as the momentum of the laser pulse, stone manipulation of the laser fiber, fluid irrigation pressure and the increase of ureteral dilatation. The degree of migration varies according to the impaction level of the stone and the location in the ureter \[3\].

The migration of the stone to the renal pelvis and calyces increases the operation time and cost \[4-6\]. Recently published American Urological Association Guidelines reported that ureteroscopy of ureteral stones performed an average of 1.33 procedures per patient \[7\]. In order to prevent stone migration, tools have been developed that are used in the proximal of the stone or that interfere with the stone in the kidney after retreatment. Although these developed devices are effective, it has been determined that their additional use causes an additional cost of $ 278 per case as well as extending the operation time \[8\]. In addition, placing an anti-migration device in the ureter can restrict laser fiber manipulation. Ureterorenoscopes (Flexible URS) that can flex 270 degrees, which can be used to intervene in the stone after retraction into the kidney, have made a very serious improvement, but these devices are not yet available in all centers, especially in developing countries.

There is an in-vitro study using polymer tubes that predict that the proximal ureter should stay higher than the distal ureter in order to prevent retrograde in proximal ureteral stones \[9\].

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Obstructive upper ureteral stones

Exclusion Criteria:

* Presence of stent in the ureter at the beginning of the operation
* Serum creatinine value\> 1.5 mg / dL
* Pathological ureteral strictures
* Previous open surgery history for the ureteral stone
* Previous pelvic radiotherapy history
* Pregnancy
* Solitary kidney

Primary outcomes:
measure: Rate of stone migration
timeFrame: One year
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Ankara
country: Turkey
facility: Ankara Training and Research Hospital
state: Altindag
Study officials:
affiliation: Ankara Training and Resarch Hospital
name: Ali Kaan Yildiz
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Santiago JE, Hollander AB, Soni SD, Link RE, Mayer WA. To Dust or Not To Dust: a Systematic Review of Ureteroscopic Laser Lithotripsy Techniques. Curr Urol Rep. 2017 Apr;18(4):32. doi: 10.1007/s11934-017-0677-8.
citation: Drake T, Grivas N, Dabestani S, Knoll T, Lam T, Maclennan S, Petrik A, Skolarikos A, Straub M, Tuerk C, Yuan CY, Sarica K. What are the Benefits and Harms of Ureteroscopy Compared with Shock-wave Lithotripsy in the Treatment of Upper Ureteral Stones? A Systematic Review. Eur Urol. 2017 Nov;72(5):772-786. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.04.016. Epub 2017 Apr 26.
citation: Elashry OM, Tawfik AM. Preventing stone retropulsion during intracorporeal lithotripsy. Nat Rev Urol. 2012 Dec;9(12):691-8. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.204. Epub 2012 Nov 20.
citation: Cicerello E, Merlo F, Maccatrozzo L. Management of Clinically Insignificant Residual Fragments following Shock Wave Lithotripsy. Adv Urol. 2012;2012:320104. doi: 10.1155/2012/320104. Epub 2012 May 31.
citation: Sea J, Jonat LM, Chew BH, Qiu J, Wang B, Hoopman J, Milner T, Teichman JM. Optimal power settings for Holmium:YAG lithotripsy. J Urol. 2012 Mar;187(3):914-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.10.147. Epub 2012 Jan 20.
citation: Pan J, Chen Q, Xue W, Chen Y, Xia L, Chen H, Huang Y. RIRS versus mPCNL for single renal stone of 2-3 cm: clinical outcome and cost-effective analysis in Chinese medical setting. Urolithiasis. 2013 Feb;41(1):73-8. doi: 10.1007/s00240-012-0533-8. Epub 2012 Dec 23.
citation: Segura JW, Preminger GM, Assimos DG, Dretler SP, Kahn RI, Lingeman JE, Macaluso JN Jr. Ureteral Stones Clinical Guidelines Panel summary report on the management of ureteral calculi. The American Urological Association. J Urol. 1997 Nov;158(5):1915-21. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)64173-9.
citation: Ursiny M, Eisner BH. Cost-effectiveness of anti-retropulsion devices for ureteroscopic lithotripsy. J Urol. 2013 May;189(5):1762-6. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.085. Epub 2012 Nov 15.
citation: Patel RM, Walia AS, Grohs E, Okhunov Z, Landman J, Clayman RV. Effect of positioning on ureteric stone retropulsion: 'gravity works'. BJU Int. 2019 Jan;123(1):113-117. doi: 10.1111/bju.14510. Epub 2018 Sep 9.