Clinical trial NCT02267096: Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center/Legacy Pilot Study to Reduce Adverse Smoking Outcomes in the Context of Lung Cancer Screening
Official title: Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center/Legacy Pilot Study to Reduce Adverse Smoking Outcomes in the Context of Lung Cancer Screening
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: Smoking
Lung Cancer
Keywords: lung cancer screening
Lead sponsor: Georgetown University
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Prevent Cancer Foundation
First posted: 2014-10-17
Enrollment: 95
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 55
Maximum age (years): 80
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: In 2011, the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) reported that lung cancer mortality was reduced by 20% with spiral computed tomography (CT) compared to chest X-ray. It is estimated that 8 million people in the US are at high risk for lung cancer and that lung screening could prevent 12,000 deaths annually. Cost effectiveness models suggest that concurrent smoking cessation programs will be essential in order to realize the full benefit of screening. However, there are no clinical guidelines or evidence-based cessation protocols with demonstrated effectiveness in this setting. The investigators are addressing this gap by rigorously testing whether two scalable and pragmatic interventions can significantly boost intention to quit and cessation rates.

Detailed description: Although abstinence from tobacco remains the best method of lung cancer prevention, recent evidence from the National Lung Screening Trial indicated that lung cancer mortality was reduced by 20% with spiral computed tomography (CT) compared to chest X-ray. As a result, the United States Preventive Services Task Force now recommends lung cancer screening for high risk individuals (long-term current and former smokers, 55-80 years old). It is estimated that 8 million people in the US are at high risk and that lung screening could prevent 12,000 deaths annually. Cost effectiveness models suggest that concurrent smoking cessation programs will be essential in order to realize the full benefit of screening. However, there are no clinical guidelines or evidence-based cessation protocols with demonstrated effectiveness in this setting. The investigators propose to address this gap by rigorously testing whether two scalable and pragmatic interventions (minimal and moderate in intensity) can significantly boost intention to quit and cessation rates. The investigators will capitalize on the critical 'teachable moment' of learning of one's screening result. Incorporation of an individual's screening result into a cessation intervention will test the innovative question of whether intention to quit can be enhanced and reduced intention to quit can be minimized, when an individualized, motivational telephone-based intervention is provided. Method: The investigators will accrue current smokers from the lung cancer screening programs at three sites: Georgetown University Hospital, Lahey Hospital, and Hackensack University Hospital. Prior to screening, 100 participants will be consented, enrolled, and will complete the baseline (T0) phone interview. Within 1-2 days of receiving the result, participants will be randomly assigned to Minimal Treatment (MT) vs. Telephone Counseling (TC). Both arms will receive the minimal treatment intervention (a list of print, online, quitline, and in-person cessation resources). The TC arm will receive 3-6 sessions of stepped-care, proactive, telephone counseling with the same Tobacco Treatment Specialist for both sites. Both arms will be assessed at 3-months post randomization for tobacco use outcomes. The specific aims are: 1) To conduct a two-arm randomized cessation intervention trial (MT vs. TC) with current smokers undergoing screening. 2) The investigators will explore moderators and mediators of the interventions' effect on cessation outcomes. Moderators include the screening result, race, gender, age, and nicotine dependence. Mediators include teachable moment factors, baseline intention to quit, and process measures. Summary: This proof of concept study will determine intervention feasibility, effect sizes needed for a larger study, and potential moderators and mediators of the intervention. The long-term goal is to evaluate the intervention in a multisite trial and ultimately, to disseminate it for use by lung cancer screening programs. The innovation of this proposal is in joining disease prevention (smoking cessation) with early detection in a medical setting that has relevance for a substantial proportion of current smokers, suggesting that even a small increase in cessation has the potential for a very large public health benefit.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. 55-80 years old
2. current smoker
3. \> 30-pack years
4. English-speaking
5. ability to provide meaningful consent
6. enrolled to undergo lung cancer screening. -

Exclusion Criteria:

1. history of lung cancer
2. current treatment for other cancer -

Primary outcomes:
measure: Smoking Status with biochemical verification
timeFrame: Measured at 3 months post-randomization
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Timeframe of Participants' Intention to Quit Smoking
timeFrame: Measured at each assessment: baseline (T0), 1-2 days post-receipt of screening result (T1), one-month post-randomization (T2), and 3 months post randomization (T2)
measure: Quit attempts
timeFrame: Measured at each assessment: baseline (T0), 1-2 days post-receipt of screening result (T1), one-month post-randomization (T2), and 3 months post randomization (T2)
measure: Cigarettes per day
timeFrame: Measured at each assessment: baseline (T0), 1-2 days post-receipt of screening result (T1), one-month post-randomization (T2), and 3 months post randomization (T2)
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Washington
country: United States
facility: Georgetown University Medical Center
state: District of Columbia
city: Burlington
country: United States
facility: Lahey Hospital and Medical Center
state: Massachusetts
city: Hackensack
country: United States
facility: Hackensack University Medical Center
state: New Jersey
Study officials:
References:
citation: Taylor KL, Cox LS, Zincke N, Mehta L, McGuire C, Gelmann E. Lung cancer screening as a teachable moment for smoking cessation. Lung Cancer. 2007 Apr;56(1):125-34. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2006.11.015. Epub 2006 Dec 28.
citation: Barry SA, Tammemagi MC, Penek S, Kassan EC, Dorfman CS, Riley TL, Commin J, Taylor KL. Predictors of adverse smoking outcomes in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012 Nov 7;104(21):1647-59. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djs398. Epub 2012 Oct 26.
citation: Tammemagi MC, Berg CD, Riley TL, Cunningham CR, Taylor KL. Impact of lung cancer screening results on smoking cessation. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014 May 28;106(6):dju084. doi: 10.1093/jnci/dju084. Print 2014 Jun.
citation: Taylor KL, Hagerman CJ, Luta G, Bellini PG, Stanton C, Abrams DB, Kramer JA, Anderson E, Regis S, McKee A, McKee B, Niaura R, Harper H, Ramsaier M. Preliminary evaluation of a telephone-based smoking cessation intervention in the lung cancer screening setting: A randomized clinical trial. Lung Cancer. 2017 Jun;108:242-246. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.01.020. Epub 2017 Feb 15.