Clinical trial NCT01385852: CME With Different Fluidic Parameters
Official title: Impact of Different Fluidic Parameters on Development of Cystoid Macular Edema Following Phacoemulsification
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE4
Conditions: Cystoid Macular Edema Following Cataract Surgery
Keywords: CME
OCT
Optical coherence tomography
macular thickness
Lead sponsor: Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Center
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2011-06-30
Enrollment: 150
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 40
Maximum age (years): 70
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: Understanding and modulating fluid parameters is an important, but often overlooked aspect of phacoemulsification. In a previous study we compared the impact of using high fluid parameters versus low fluidic parameters on real-time IOP measured during phacoemulsification. The investigators found that using high parameters resulted in a higher absolute rise in IOP as well as higher fluctuations in the IOP when compared to low parameters. Clinically these higher fluctuations in IOP would translate in a higher chamber instability. Based on the results of this study, the investigators decided to take it further and study the impact of using high parameters (and thus, higher chamber instability) on macular edema and thickness following surgery, in an otherwise uncomplicated surgery.

Higher fluid parameters during phacoemulsification predisposes the eye to increased macular thickness

Detailed description: Several studies have shown the adverse impact of an increase in the IOP and IOP fluctuations that occur during anterior segment intervention on the posterior segment structures. In human volunteers with each incremental increase in IOP the systolic and diastolic flow velocities in the short posterior ciliary arteries decreased linearly. This implies that the normal healthy eye is not able to autoregulate to maintain posterior ciliary artery blood flow velocities in response to acute large elevations in IOP. Vascular insufficiency due to abnormal autoregulation has been proposed as a major factor in the development of glaucoma. 1

It has been postulated that IOP elevation during the LASIK procedure causes mechanical stress which may induce tangential stress on the posterior segment.2, 3 Some studies have reported that the increase in IOP damages the retinal ganglion cells causing visual field defects. Also sudden increases in IOP, although well tolerated may induce changes in the peripheral retina.4,5,6

Several reports propose the occurrence of macular hole, lacquer cracks and choroidal neovascular membranes following the LASIK procedure. 3 It has been observed that the rapidly fluctuating pressure variations may be detrimental, particularly in susceptible persons with compromised ocular blood flow. Rapid IOP changes across a 30-mm Hg range would be predicted to influence posterior segment blood vessels.

In a previous study we compared the impact of using high fluid parameters versus low fluidic parameters on real-time IOP measured during phacoemulsification. We found that using high parameters resulted in a higher absolute rise in IOP as well as higher fluctuations in the IOP when compared to low parameters. Clinically these higher fluctuations in IOP would translate in a higher chamber instability.

We hypothesize that although transient, the increased IOP that occurs during phacoemulsification when using high parameters could cause mechanical stress on the eye. These higher fluid parameters during phacoemulsification can predispose the eye to increased macular thickness.

To the best of our knowledge there are no published data on impact of IOP changes and fluctuation that are induced during cataract surgery on the macula. To investigate this further, we decided to study the impact of using high parameters (and thus, higher chamber instability) on macular thickness following surgery, in an otherwise uncomplicated surgery.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Uncomplicated, Age-related cataract.
2. Nuclear sclerosis: upto grade 3
3. Age: 40-70 years
4. Axial length: 21.5 mm to 24.5 mm

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Diabetes mellitus
2. Co-existing ocular disease- uveitis, glaucoma, PEX
3. Pre-existing macular pathology (eg.ARMD)
4. Previously operated eyes
5. Under treatment with Topical or systemic steroids / NSAID's
6. Intraoperative complications- PCR, Descemet's detachment, uveal trauma
7. Post operative complications - severe inflammation (\>grade 3), rise in IOP

Primary outcomes:
measure: cystoid macular edema (CME)
timeFrame: 3 months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: macular thickness
timeFrame: 1, 3 months
measure: central corneal thickness (CCT)
timeFrame: first post-operative day,
measure: endothelial cell loss
timeFrame: 6 months post-operative
measure: anterior chamber inflammation
timeFrame: 1 months
measure: CORRECTED DISTANCE VISUAL ACUITY (CDVA)
timeFrame: 3 months
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Ahmedabad
country: India
facility: Raghudeep Eye Clinic
state: Gujarat
Study officials:
affiliation: ILADEVI CATARACT AND RESEARCH CENTER
name: ABHAY R VASAVADA, MS, FRCS
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Kim SJ, Belair ML, Bressler NM, Dunn JP, Thorne JE, Kedhar SR, Jabs DA. A method of reporting macular edema after cataract surgery using optical coherence tomography. Retina. 2008 Jun;28(6):870-6. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e318169d04e.
citation: Cagini C, Fiore T, Iaccheri B, Piccinelli F, Ricci MA, Fruttini D. Macular thickness measured by optical coherence tomography in a healthy population before and after uncomplicated cataract phacoemulsification surgery. Curr Eye Res. 2009 Dec;34(12):1036-41. doi: 10.3109/02713680903288937.
citation: Belair ML, Kim SJ, Thorne JE, Dunn JP, Kedhar SR, Brown DM, Jabs DA. Incidence of cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery in patients with and without uveitis using optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009 Jul;148(1):128-35.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2009.02.029. Epub 2009 Apr 29.
citation: Lee YC, Chung FL, Chen CC. Intraocular pressure and foveal thickness after phacoemulsification. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Aug;144(2):203-208. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.04.020. Epub 2007 May 30.
citation: Kim SJ, Equi R, Bressler NM. Analysis of macular edema after cataract surgery in patients with diabetes using optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology. 2007 May;114(5):881-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.08.053. Epub 2007 Feb 1.
citation: Perente I, Utine CA, Ozturker C, Cakir M, Kaya V, Eren H, Kapran Z, Yilmaz OF. Evaluation of macular changes after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery by optical coherence tomography. Curr Eye Res. 2007 Mar;32(3):241-7. doi: 10.1080/02713680601160610.
citation: Biro Z, Balla Z, Kovacs B. Change of foveal and perifoveal thickness measured by OCT after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Eye (Lond). 2008 Jan;22(1):8-12. doi: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702460. Epub 2006 Jun 2.