Clinical trial NCT06442774: MamaConecta: Digital Tool for Maternal Mental Health
Official title: Digital Tool to Improve Maternal Mental Health: Enhancing Well-being, Early Detection, Diagnosis Support, and Monitoring of Mental Health Problems During the Perinatal Period
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: NA
Conditions: Pregnancy Related
Mental Health Issue
Postpartum Depression
Postpartum Anxiety
Well-Being, Psychological
Keywords: mental health
pregnancy
mobile application
wellbeing
child neurodevelopment
antenatal depression screening
early detection
postpartum
digital health
Lead sponsor: A Thousand Colibris, S.L
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
Collaborators: name: Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)
name: Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV)
name: Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM)
First posted: 2024-06-04
Enrollment: 1200
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to validate a digital health tool, Dana app, that enhances well-being and supports mental health monitoring for women during the perinatal period. The primary purpose is to improve maternal well-being, early detection of mental health issues, and aid in the diagnosis and monitoring by healthcare professionals in women transitioning into motherhood. The main questions it aims to answer are:

* Does the app improve overall maternal well-being during the perinatal period?
* Can the app increase the early detection rates of perinatal mental health disorders?
* Can the app be an effective tool to support healthcare professionals to diagnose perinatal mental health problems?
* How effective is the app in improving obstetric outcomes and the psychological and cognitive development of infants?

Researchers will compare the group using the app with a control group not using the digital tool to see if Dana provides significant improvements in maternal and infant health outcomes.

Participants will:

* Use the mobile application from 12-14 weeks of gestation until 24 months postpartum.
* Undergo regular assessments to monitor their emotional state, lifestyle, clinical, and obstetric data.
* Participate in evaluations for their infants' psychological and cognitive development at various stages from birth to two years old.

This trial is conducted at multiple centers, including Hospital Vall d'Hebron, the Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Services (ASSIR) in Tarragona and ASSIR Litoral (Barcelona), Hospital del Mar, following CONSORT standards. The study aligns with the Health and Culture priorities of the Spanish Government's Scientific, Technical, and Innovation Research Plan 2021-2023.

Detailed description: BACKGROUND:

Mental disorders are becoming one of the major health problems in today's society, exacerbated in women who are and will become mothers. Global studies indicate that 80% of women who are going to become mothers experience mood disorders such as stress, fear, loneliness, or guilt during the perinatal period. In 1 out of every 5 cases, these mental disorders worsen and lead to severe mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress disorder, psychosis, suicidal ideation, or postpartum depression. However, 75% of women with perinatal mental disorders are underdiagnosed and do not receive adequate treatment, either due to a lack of detection or support within healthcare systems. This has a consequent impact on the health and well-being of the mother, her family, the child, and ultimately, society. In this context, the company A Thousand Colibris S.L (ATC) has developed digital health software to improve well-being during this period, as well as to detect, assist in the diagnosis, and monitor mental health disorders in mothers from pregnancy up to two years after childbirth.

Consequences of Perinatal Mental Health Disorders:

The consequences of perinatal mental health problems extend beyond the mother, affecting the child, the family, and society as a whole.

1. Maternal health disorders: Perinatal mental health disorders have been identified in women of all cultures, ages, social levels, and races. Although the term postpartum depression is often used to describe disorders that develop after childbirth, a range of disorders can appear during pregnancy and the postpartum period, including anxiety, depression, stress disorders, panic, or postpartum psychosis. If left untreated, these illnesses can have a devastating impact on women and their families, being one of the leading causes of maternal death during pregnancy and the two years following childbirth.
2. Impact on the future health of the child: Without appropriate intervention, these disorders can persist and have negative consequences for both the mother and the baby. The impact of the mother's health on the future health of the baby, on mother-newborn interactions, breastfeeding difficulties, and the mother-child bond is well documented. The failure to detect certain aspects of maternal health can manifest in complications during childbirth or later in the child's development.
3. Impact on family well-being: The mother's mood and symptoms of anxiety and other disorders also have a direct impact on the partner, who may not understand what is happening, feel overwhelmed, and not know how to help.

Digital psychological interventions:

Given the growing ubiquity of the Internet and the widespread use of smartphones, mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral interventions can also be offered digitally. In this regard, researchers have been successfully adapting decades-old techniques commonly used in cognitive-behavioral therapies to the context of smartphone applications, which have demonstrated efficacy in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and even suicidal thoughts. However, the potential of smartphone applications in promoting well-being, and preventing and treating mental health problems in pregnant women, has yet to be fully exploited. Despite the limited number of studies and controlled trials involving health apps for pregnant women, online app stores are flooded with pregnancy apps that have not been tested using rigorous scientific methods. This has sparked an increasing debate among researchers and policymakers regarding the evaluation of quality and certification of health apps that do not meet the needs of patients and doctors, particularly concerning safety and efficacy. Health applications should be evaluated with the same rigor as other types of interventions, such as pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.

HYPOTHESES:

Hypothesis 1: Dana is a digital tool that improves the well-being of women transitioning into motherhood and increases the early detection of mental health disorders.

Hypothesis 2 (Class IIa Certification): The tool provides monitoring of maternal health and assists in diagnosis for healthcare professionals.

OBJECTIVES:

General:

To validate a digital tool as a solution to (a) improve maternal well-being, mental and physical health during the perinatal period, (b) increase early detection of maternal mental health disorders, and (c) assist in the diagnosis and monitoring of perinatal mental health problems.

Specific:

* Validate the effectiveness of the digital tool in improving well-being at the end of pregnancy (34 weeks gestation), initial postpartum (6 weeks postpartum), and long-term (6, 12, and 24 months postpartum).
* Verify the effectiveness of the digital tool in preventing symptoms of anxiety and depression during the perinatal period (pregnancy and postpartum up to 24 months postpartum).
* In women with symptoms detected in the baseline assessment, analyze the effectiveness of the tool in preventing symptom escalation.
* In women with stabilized mental pathology, analyze the effectiveness of the tool in preventing symptom escalation.
* Verify the effectiveness of the digital tool in improving secondary outcomes related to childbirth: childbirth experience and postpartum-related post-traumatic stress.
* Verify the effectiveness of the digital tool in improving obstetric and neonatal health secondary outcomes.
* Analyze the use of healthcare services and the cost of perinatal mental health.
* Verify the effectiveness of the intervention developed to increase prenatal bonding and postpartum attachment.
* Verify the effectiveness of the intervention developed to improve postpartum secondary outcomes: satisfaction with the maternal role, self-efficacy, stress with the maternal role, and proportion of breastfeeding.
* Analyze the secondary relationship between childbirth experience, post-traumatic stress, and postpartum depression.
* Analyze the data collected by the digital tool and wearables to identify patterns and correlations that may be useful for the prediction and early detection of disorders in mothers and babies.
* Analyze infant neurodevelopment and psychopathology during the first two years of life.

METHODOLOGY:

1. Design: A randomized clinical trial, blinded to the investigator, with two parallel groups (1 experimental group using the digital tool and 1 control group).

   The protocol has been designed following the CONsolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials (CONSORT: http://www.consortstatement.org) and the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT).
2. Participants: The study will be conducted at Vall d'Hebrón Hospital, the Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Services (ASSIR) in Tarragona, ASSIR del Litoral (Barcelona), and Hospital del Mar.

   Participants will be pregnant women between 12-14 weeks of gestation who are following their pregnancy at these centers, and they and their babies will be followed up until 24 months postpartum.
3. Sample Size: To estimate the necessary sample size to detect significant differences between groups, an alpha risk error of 0.05 and a beta risk error of 0.2 for one-tailed tests have been accepted, considering a dropout rate of 40%. According to data from Viskovich et al. (2020) and Rash et al. (2011) related to the Satisfaction With Life Scale, 16 subjects per group are needed to determine minimum differences of 1.86 points, assuming a standard deviation of 2.07 points. According to data from Tovote et al. (2014) related to the World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index, 11 subjects per group are needed to determine minimum differences of 20.6 points, assuming a standard deviation of 19.0 points. According to data from Ahlqvist-Björkroth et al. (2019) related to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, 26 subjects per group are needed to determine minimum differences of 2.13 points, assuming a standard deviation of 2.46 points. Finally, according to data from Moix et al. (2021) related to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, 11 subjects per group are needed to determine minimum differences of 5.54 points, assuming a standard deviation of 4.5 points. Thus, 64 subjects per arm are needed, so a total sample of 300 pregnant women per center should be recruited.
4. Procedures:

4.1. Recruitment: Participants will be recruited through midwives from the Primary Care Centers and Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Services (ASSIR) of Tarragona, and ASSIR of Barcelona Litoral - Hospital del Mar. Recruitment will be through obstetricians and midwives from the same center. Women who visit before 15 weeks of gestation and meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be eligible to participate in the study. The healthcare professional conducting the visit will be responsible for validating the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

4.2. Randomization: Balanced randomization by center will be carried out through the digital tool itself, so the researchers will be blind to the intervention. Participants will need to download the mobile application, where during the registration process and center selection, they will be randomized into the control or intervention group. Women in the intervention group will be offered access to the full digital tool, while those in the control group will have an app with no content.

4.3. Blinding: Researchers analyzing the primary data and conducting infant evaluations will not know which group the women have been assigned to. Midwives and obstetricians who conduct recruitment will also be unaware, unless the participant discloses it after being randomized. Neither the researchers nor the midwives will have access to group assignments. Researchers conducting primary data analysis or neonatal evaluations will not know the participants' group assignments until the end of the study. Due to the nature of the intervention, participants cannot be blinded to their group assignment.

4.4. Pseudonymization: Data pseudonymization and protection will be ensured using the REDCap system. Each participating health center and hospital (as independent data controllers) will have access only to their own center's data, not to data from other centers. Data from the entire study recorded in REDCap and app data will be accessible only by the co-sponsors and co-controllers of the data mentioned in the protocol.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Gestational age between 12-14 weeks of gestation.
* The first obstetric ultrasound has been performed.
* Women who know how to read and understand Spanish.
* Women who have access to a mobile phone with an internet connection (data or wifi)
* Women who have knowledge of technology tools via app.
* Have signed the informed consent to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Termination of pregnancy, or early miscarriage
* Perinatal loss at any time during pregnancy.
* Severe mental pathology or moderate unstable mental pathology.
* Consumption of toxic substances.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Maternal well-being
timeFrame: 12-14 weeks, 33-34 weeks of gestation, 6 weeks, 6, 12, 24 months postpartum.
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Depression
timeFrame: 12-14 and 29-30 weeks of pregnancy, 6 weeks, 6, 12, 24 months postpartum.
measure: Anxiety
timeFrame: 12-14 and 33-34 weeks of pregnancy, 6 weeks, 6, 12, 24 months postpartum.
measure: Birth Fear
timeFrame: 12-14 and 33-34 weeks of pregnancy, 6 weeks postpartum.
measure: Sleep
timeFrame: 12-14 and 33-34 weeks of pregnancy
measure: Maternal Antenatal attachment
timeFrame: 29-30 weeks of pregnancy.
measure: Bonding
timeFrame: 6 weeks, 6, 12, 24 months postpartum.
measure: Birth Experience
timeFrame: 33-34 weeks of pregnancy, 6 weeks postpartum.
measure: Traumatic stress responses related to childbirth
timeFrame: 6 weeks postpartum
measure: Parental stress
timeFrame: 6, 12, 24 months postpartum.
measure: Maternal empowerment
timeFrame: Postpartum: 6 weeks and 24 months
measure: Physical Activity
timeFrame: 12-14 and 33-34 weeks of pregnancy.
measure: Pregnancy outcomes
timeFrame: 1 week after birth collected retrospectively for pregnancy and childbirth
measure: Health costs 1
timeFrame: 1 week after birth collected retrospectively for pregnancy and childbirth. 2 years postnatally collected retrospectively for the postnatal period.
measure: Health costs 2
timeFrame: 1 week after birth collected retrospectively for pregnancy and childbirth. 2 years postnatally collected retrospectively for the postnatal period.
measure: Neonatal outcomes 1
timeFrame: 1 week after birth collected retrospectively
measure: Neonatal outcomes 2
timeFrame: 1 week after birth collected retrospectively
measure: Neonatal outcomes 3
timeFrame: 1 week after birth collected retrospectively
measure: Neonatal outcomes 4
timeFrame: 1 week after birth collected retrospectively
measure: Neonatal outcomes 5
timeFrame: 1 week after birth collected retrospectively
measure: Neonatal outcomes 6
timeFrame: 1 week after birth collected retrospectively
measure: Neonatal outcomes 7
timeFrame: 1 week after birth collected retrospectively
measure: Birth outcomes 1
timeFrame: 1 week after birth collected retrospectively
measure: Birth outcomes 2
timeFrame: 1 week after birth collected retrospectively
measure: Birth outcomes 3
timeFrame: 1 week after birth collected retrospectively
measure: Birth outcomes 4
timeFrame: 1 week after birth collected retrospectively
measure: Birth outcomes 5
timeFrame: 1 week after birth collected retrospectively
measure: Biomarkers 1 (stress)
timeFrame: From 12 weeks of pregnancy until 2 years postpartum
measure: Biomarkers 2 (sleep)
timeFrame: From 12 weeks of pregnancy until 2 years postpartum
measure: Biomarkers 3 (activity)
timeFrame: From 12 weeks of pregnancy until 2 years postpartum
measure: Child neurodevelopment
timeFrame: 6 months, 12 months and 24 months postpartum.
measure: Child neurodevelopment
timeFrame: 4 months and 24 months postpartum.
measure: Adaptative behaviour
timeFrame: 4 months and 24 months postpartum.
measure: Breastfeeding outcomes
timeFrame: 1 week after birth collected retrospectively
measure: Breastfeeding outcomes
timeFrame: Postpartum: 4 months, 1 year after childbirth collected retrospectively
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Barcelona
country: Spain
facility: Hospital Vall d'Hebron
state: Catalunya
city: Barcelona
country: Spain
facility: Hospital del Mar
city: Tarragona
country: Spain
facility: ASSIR Tarragona
Study officials:
affiliation: A Thousand Colibris, S.L
name: Roser Palau-Costafreda, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
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