Clinical trial NCT06318000: Physical Activity and Sports for People With Visual Impairments
Official title: Assessment of the Relationship Between the Visual Impairment Degree and the Level of Children's Fundamental Motor Skills, Balance and Bilateral Coordination
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Blindness
Visual Impairment
Keywords: Balance
Fundamental Motor Skills
Bilateral Coordination
Visual Impairments
Lead sponsor: Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2024-03-19
Enrollment: 76
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 7
Maximum age (years): 17
Standard ages: CHILD
Observational model: CASE_ONLY
Time perspective: CROSS_SECTIONAL
Sampling method: PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Participants were 51 individuals with congenital or acguired visual impairments (26 girls and 25 boys) aged 7 to 17. The group of able-bodied peers consisted of 25 individuals (13 girls and 12 boys).

Brief summary: Purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the visual impairment degree and the level of children's fundamental motor skills, balance and bilateral coordination.

Detailed description: The participants were presented with the procedure of the study and informed that they could resign from their participation in the study at any stage. All participants legal guardians, were given the written informed consent form after the detailed written explanation of the risk and benefits resulting from participation in this study. Static balance was assessed using the portable AccuSway-Optimized (ACS-O) by AMTI stabilographic platform (ACS Model). The study participants performed the both feet 30 second, single 10 second left and right-leg stance with eyes open (EO), and both feet 30 second, left and right-leg stance with eyes closed (EC). If the first attempt was not successful, study participants were able to do the second attempt. The tests were conducted approximately 2 hours after a meal, in a sports outfit, in a specially designated room.

The functional assessment of locomotor skills will utilize the "locomotion" subtest, which is part of the Test of Gross Motor Development, Second Edition (TGMD-3) battery. In the selected "locomotion" subtest, the following movement tasks (locomotor skills) are assessed: Run, Gallop, Hop, Horizontal Jump, Skip, Slide.

The subtest 4 "Bilateral Coordination" of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2) was used in this study. The BOT-2 is an individually administered test that includes goal-directed activities to measure a wide range of motor skills in individuals aged 4 to 21 years. Participants performed seven items:

1. Touching Nose with Index Fingers - Eyes Closed
2. Jumping Jacks
3. Jumping in Place - Same Sides Synchronized
4. Jumping in Place - Opposite Sides
5. Pivoting Thumbs and Index Fingers
6. Tapping Feet and Fingers - Same Sides Synchronized
7. Tapping Feet and Fingers - Opposite Sides

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* written consent form,
* visual impairment (diagnosed)
* intellectual norm.

Exclusion Criteria:

* nervous system disorders,
* structural changes within the musculoskeletal system
* and intellectual limitations.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Center of pressure (CoP) path length was measured
timeFrame: Baseline
measure: Surface area of stabilogram was measured
timeFrame: Baseline
measure: Raw and scale score for each item
timeFrame: Baseline
measure: Qualitative performance criteria (points)
timeFrame: Baseline
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Body mass in kg
timeFrame: Baseline
measure: Body height in cm
timeFrame: Baseline
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Warsaw
country: Poland
facility: University of Physical Education
Study officials:
affiliation: Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw
name: Natalia Morgulec - Adamowicz, Prof
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References: