Clinical trial NCT06853249: Influence of Food Texture on Appetite Control, Gastric Emptying, and Energy Expenditure
Official title: Influence of Food Texture on Appetite Control, Gastric Emptying, and Energy Expenditure
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: NA
Conditions: Nutrition
Healthy Male and Female Subjects
Keywords: food texture
appetite control
whole room indirect calorimetry (WRIC)
energy balance
gastric emptying
ad libitum energy intake
liquid meals
Lead sponsor: University of Kiel
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2025-02-28
Enrollment: 20
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 35
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Intervention model description: The trial consists of two arms, each with two interventions. All participants will receive all interventions.
Primary purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE

Brief summary: The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of liquid versus semi-solid meals on the regulation of energy balance in healthy young adults.The main questions it aims to answer are:

* Does a protein-rich liquid meal result in less satiety and therefore higher ad libitum energy intake at the next meal than an isocaloric oatmeal with the same macronutrient ratio?
* Is the consumption of a protein-rich liquid meal as a beverage in addition to an ad libitum oatmeal less compensated within the meal and at the next meal and provides thus a higher ad libitum energy intake than an isovolumetric noncaloric soft drink in addition to an ad libitum oatmeal?

Researchers will compare a protein-rich liquid meal to an isocaloric oatmeal with matched macronutrient composition to answer the first question. Researchers will compare a protein-rich liquid meal + oatmeal to a noncaloric softdrink (water with sucralose and flavoring) + oatmeal to answer the second question.

Participants will:

* spend 4 intervention days in a metabolic chamber (whole room indirect calorimeter)
* consume pre-definied preloads for breakfast and ad libitum lunch meals on 4 intervention days


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* healthy males and females
* Body Mass Index between 19-35 kg/m2
* low to medium habitual physical activity
* women with regular menstrual cycle (during intervention in follicular phase)

Exclusion Criteria:

* smoking (cigarettes + cannabis)
* chronic illnesses
* regular intake of medication
* Anemia and/or iron deficiency
* food allergies / intolerances
* vegans
* regular high physical activity (exercise \>1 hour/d)
* current weight loss diet / weight loss of \>5 kg in the last 3 months
* restraint eaters (according to the German version of the 'Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire', Stunkard und Messick (1985))
* active participation in another trial
* pregnant / lactating women
* persons incapable of giving informed legal consent

Primary outcomes:
measure: ad libitum energy intake
timeFrame: for 9 hours after the consumption of the preloads
Secondary outcomes:
measure: gastric emptying
timeFrame: for 4 hours after the consumption of the isocaloric preloads
measure: eating rate at lunch
timeFrame: at 5 hours after consumption of the preload
measure: number of chews per bite at lunch
timeFrame: at 5 hours after consumption of the preload
measure: serum ghrelin concentrations
timeFrame: for 3 hours after consumption of the isocaloric preloads
measure: serum peptide-YY (PYY) concentrations
timeFrame: for 3 hours after consumption of the isocaloric preloads
measure: serum Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) concentrations
timeFrame: for 3 hours after consumption of the isocaloric preloads
measure: energy expenditure
timeFrame: measured for 9.5 hours
measure: macronutrient oxidation
timeFrame: measured for 9.5 hours
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Kiel
country: Germany
facility: Kiel University, Institute of Human Nutrition
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Kiel, Department of Human Nutrition
name: Anja Bosy-Westphal, PhD, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: