Clinical trial NCT01994720: [SOCRATES -Acute Stroke Or Transient IsChaemic Attack TReated With Aspirin or Ticagrelor and Patient OutcomES]
Official title: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Multinational Study to Prevent Major Vascular Events With Ticagrelor Compared to Aspirin (ASA) in Patients With Acute Ischaemic Stroke or TIA.
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: Acute Ischaemic Stroke
Transient Ischaemic Attack
Keywords: Acute ischaemic stroke.
Transient ischaemic attack.
Lead sponsor: AstraZeneca
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2013-11-26
Enrollment: 13307
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 40
Maximum age (years): 130
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: The primary objective of the study is to compare the effect of 90-day treatment with ticagrelor (180 mg \[two 90 mg tablets\] loading dose on Day 1 followed by 90 mg twice daily maintenance dose for the remainder of the study) vs acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)-aspirin (300 mg \[three 100 mg tablets\] loading dose on Day 1 followed by 100 mg once daily maintenance dose for the remainder of the study) for the prevention of major vascular events (composite of stroke, myocardial infarction \[MI\], and death) in patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA).


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Men or women equal or elder 40 years of age
* Either acute ischaemic stroke or high-risk TIA as defined here and randomisation occurring within 24 hours after onset of symptoms

Key Exclusion Criteria:

* Planned use of antithrombotic therapy in addition to study medication including antiplatelets (eg, open label ASA, GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, prasugrel, dipyridamole, ozagrel, cilostazol) and anticoagulants (eg, warfarin, oral thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors, bivalirudin, hirudin, argatroban, unfractionated and low molecular weight heparins). - Any history of atrial fibrillation, ventricular aneurysm or suspicion of cardioembolic pathology for TIA or stroke. - Planned carotid, cerebrovascular, or coronary revascularisation that requires halting study medication within 7 days of randomisation. - Receipt of any intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy within 24 hours prior to randomisation - History of previous symptomatic non-traumatic intracerebral bleed at any time (asymptomatic microbleeds do not qualify), gastrointestinal (GI) bleed within the past 6 months, or major surgery within 30 days.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Number of Participants With Composite of Stroke/MI/Death
timeFrame: From randomization up to 97 days
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Number of Participants With Ischaemic Stroke
timeFrame: From randomization up to 97 days
measure: Net Clinical Outcome
timeFrame: From randomization up to 97 days
measure: Number of Participants With Composite of Ischaemic Stroke, MI and CV Death
timeFrame: From randomization up to 97 days
measure: Number of Participants With All-Cause Death
timeFrame: From randomization up to 97 days
measure: Number of Participants With CV Death
timeFrame: From randomization up to 97 days
measure: Number of Participants With MI
timeFrame: From randomization up to 97 days
measure: Number of Participants by Severity of Stroke and Overall Disability
timeFrame: From randomization up to 97 days
measure: Number of Participants With Stroke
timeFrame: From randomization up to 97 days
measure: Number of Participants With Fatal Stroke
timeFrame: From randomization up to 97 days
measure: Number of Participants With Disabling Stroke
timeFrame: From randomization up to 97 days
measure: Change in NIHSS
timeFrame: From randomization up to 97 days
measure: EQ-5D at Visit 1 (Enrolment)
timeFrame: Visit 1 (Enrolment)
measure: EQ-5D at Visit 2 (Day 7+-2d)
timeFrame: Visit 2 (Day 7+-2d)
measure: EQ-5D (EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire) at End of Treatment Visit
timeFrame: End of treatment visit (Day 90+-7d)
measure: EQ-5D (EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire) at Premature Treatment Discontinuation Visit
timeFrame: Premature treatment discontinuation visit(<15 days after last dose)
measure: Number of Participants With PLATO Major Bleeding Event
timeFrame: From randomization up to 97 days
measure: Number of Participants With Premature Discontinuation of Study Drug Due to Any Bleeding Adverse Event
timeFrame: Time from first dose and up to and including 7 days following the date of last dose of the study
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Montgomery
country: United States
facility: Research Site
state: Alabama
city: Phoenix
country: United States
facility: Research Site
state: Arizona
city: Fayetteville
country: United States
facility: Research Site
state: Arkansas
city: Fort Smith
country: United States
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state: Arkansas
city: Fullerton
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state: California
city: Glendale
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state: California
city: Los Angeles
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city: Newport
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city: Altamonte Springs
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city: Buenos Aires
country: Argentina
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country: Argentina
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city: Ciudad Autónoma de Bs. As.
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country: Belgium
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city: Assebroek
country: Belgium
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city: Brugge
country: Belgium
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city: Brussels (Woluwé-St-Lambert)
country: Belgium
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country: Belgium
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country: Belgium
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country: Brazil
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country: Brazil
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country: Brazil
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city: Botevgrad
country: Bulgaria
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city: Dupnitsa
country: Bulgaria
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city: Gotse Delchev
country: Bulgaria
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country: Bulgaria
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city: Lukovit
country: Bulgaria
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city: Pazardzhik
country: Bulgaria
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city: Pernik
country: Bulgaria
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country: Bulgaria
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city: Plovdiv
country: Bulgaria
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country: Bulgaria
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city: Sandanski
country: Bulgaria
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city: Sliven
country: Bulgaria
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city: Sofia
country: Bulgaria
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city: Teteven
country: Bulgaria
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city: Yambol
country: Bulgaria
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city: Calgary
country: Canada
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state: Alberta
city: Edmonton
country: Canada
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state: Alberta
city: Vancouver
country: Canada
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state: British Columbia
city: St. John's
country: Canada
facility: Research Site
state: Newfoundland and Labrador
city: London
country: Canada
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state: Ontario
city: Ottawa
country: Canada
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state: Ontario
city: Thunder Bay
country: Canada
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state: Ontario
city: Toronto
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state: Ontario
city: Chicoutimi
country: Canada
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state: Quebec
city: Greenfield Park
country: Canada
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state: Quebec
city: Montreal
country: Canada
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state: Quebec
city: Quebec
country: Canada
facility: Research Site
city: Concepcion
country: Chile
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city: Los Angeles
country: Chile
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city: Santiago
country: Chile
facility: Research Site
city: Talcahuano
country: Chile
facility: Research Site
city: Temuco
country: Chile
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city: Valdivia
country: Chile
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city: Viña del Mar
country: Chile
facility: Research Site
city: Baotou
country: China
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city: Beijing
country: China
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city: Changchun
country: China
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city: Changsha
country: China
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city: Chongqin
country: China
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city: Guang Zhou
country: China
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city: Guangzhou
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Guilin
country: China
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country: China
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city: Hangzhou
country: China
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city: Harbin
country: China
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city: Huai'an
country: China
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city: Jinan
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city: Lanzhou
country: China
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city: Nanjing
country: China
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country: China
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country: China
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country: China
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country: China
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country: China
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country: China
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country: Czechia
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country: Czechia
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country: Czechia
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country: Czechia
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country: Czechia
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country: Czechia
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country: Czechia
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country: France
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country: France
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country: France
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city: Paris Cedex 18
country: France
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country: France
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country: France
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country: Germany
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country: Germany
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country: Germany
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country: Germany
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country: Italy
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country: Italy
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country: Italy
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country: Italy
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country: Italy
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country: Italy
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country: Italy
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country: Italy
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country: Italy
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country: Italy
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country: Italy
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country: Italy
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country: Italy
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country: Italy
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country: Italy
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country: Japan
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country: Japan
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country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Ina-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Itami-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Izumisano-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Izumo-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Kaga-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Kagoshima-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Kakegawa-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Kamakura-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Kashiwazaki-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Kasuga-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Kawasaki-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Kobe-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Kochi-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Koga-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Komatsu-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Komoro-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Koshigaya-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Kumamoto-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Kure-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Kurume-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Kyoto-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Maizuru-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Marugame-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Matsudo-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Matsuyama-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Nagano-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Nagasaki-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Nagoya-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Nakano-ku
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Nakano-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Narita-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Nihonmatsu-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Okayama-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Okinawa-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Onga-gun
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Ookawa-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Osaka-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Saga-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Sagamihara-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Saijo-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Sakai-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Sanuki-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Sapporo-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Sayama-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Sendai-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Shiroishi-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Shizuoka-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Suita-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Suwa-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Tachikawa-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Takasaki-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Takayama-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Tokushima-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Toyama-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Toyohashi-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Toyota-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Tsu-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Ube-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Ueda-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Uji-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Ureshino-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Utsunomiya-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Yokohama-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Zentsuji-shi
country: Japan
facility: Research Site
city: Busan
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Research Site
city: Daegu
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Research Site
city: Gwangju
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Research Site
city: Incheon
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Research Site
city: Seongnam-si
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Research Site
city: Seoul
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Research Site
city: Wonju-si
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Research Site
city: Aguascalientes
country: Mexico
facility: Research Site
city: Culiacan
country: Mexico
facility: Research Site
city: D.F
country: Mexico
facility: Research Site
city: Del. Cuauhtemoc
country: Mexico
facility: Research Site
city: Distrito Federal
country: Mexico
facility: Research Site
city: Monterrey
country: Mexico
facility: Research Site
city: Bellavista
country: Peru
facility: Research Site
city: Callao
country: Peru
facility: Research Site
city: Cusco
country: Peru
facility: Research Site
city: Lima
country: Peru
facility: Research Site
city: Baguio City
country: Philippines
facility: Research Site
city: Cagayan de Oro City
country: Philippines
facility: Research Site
city: Cebu
country: Philippines
facility: Research Site
city: Iloilo City
country: Philippines
facility: Research Site
city: Manila
country: Philippines
facility: Research Site
city: Pasay City
country: Philippines
facility: Research Site
city: Pasig City
country: Philippines
facility: Research Site
city: Quezon City
country: Philippines
facility: Research Site
city: Białystok
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Chełm
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Działdowo
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Gdańsk
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Gryfice
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Katowice
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Kielce
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Końskie
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Kraków
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Lublin
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Olsztyn
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Ostrołęka
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Sandomierz
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Warszawa
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Włocławek
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Łódź
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Bucharest
country: Romania
facility: Research Site
city: Iasi
country: Romania
facility: Research Site
city: Oradea
country: Romania
facility: Research Site
city: Sibiu
country: Romania
facility: Research Site
city: Timisoara
country: Romania
facility: Research Site
city: Tirgu-Mures
country: Romania
facility: Research Site
city: Belgorod
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Chelyabinsk
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Ekaterinburg
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Irkutsk
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Izhevsk
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Kazan
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Moscow
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Nizhnii Novgorod
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Nizhny Novgorod
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Novosibirsk
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Omsk
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Perm
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Saint Petersburg
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Saint-Petersburg
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Saratov
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Ufa
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Voronezh
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Yaroslavl
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Levoca
country: Slovakia
facility: Research Site
city: Martin
country: Slovakia
facility: Research Site
city: Nitra
country: Slovakia
facility: Research Site
city: Spisska Nova Ves
country: Slovakia
facility: Research Site
city: Trnava
country: Slovakia
facility: Research Site
city: Zilina
country: Slovakia
facility: Research Site
city: Albacete
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Badalona(Barcelona)
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Barcelona
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Gerona
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Lleida
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Madrid
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Pamplona
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Santiago(A Coruña)
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Sevilla
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Valencia
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Valladolid
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Falun
country: Sweden
facility: Research Site
city: Göteborg
country: Sweden
facility: Research Site
city: Halmstad
country: Sweden
facility: Research Site
city: Karlstad
country: Sweden
facility: Research Site
city: Lidköping
country: Sweden
facility: Research Site
city: Linköping
country: Sweden
facility: Research Site
city: Malmö
country: Sweden
facility: Research Site
city: Mora
country: Sweden
facility: Research Site
city: Norrköping
country: Sweden
facility: Research Site
city: Stockholm
country: Sweden
facility: Research Site
city: Uppsala
country: Sweden
facility: Research Site
city: Västerås
country: Sweden
facility: Research Site
city: Östersund
country: Sweden
facility: Research Site
city: Aarau
country: Switzerland
facility: Research Site
city: Basel
country: Switzerland
facility: Research Site
city: Bern
country: Switzerland
facility: Research Site
city: Chur
country: Switzerland
facility: Research Site
city: Genève 14
country: Switzerland
facility: Research Site
city: Lausanne
country: Switzerland
facility: Research Site
city: Lugano
country: Switzerland
facility: Research Site
city: St. Gallen
country: Switzerland
facility: Research Site
city: Villars-sur-Glâne
country: Switzerland
facility: Research Site
city: Zürich
country: Switzerland
facility: Research Site
city: Changhua City
country: Taiwan
facility: Research Site
city: Chiayi
country: Taiwan
facility: Research Site
city: Kaohsiung
country: Taiwan
facility: Research Site
city: New Taipei
country: Taiwan
facility: Research Site
city: Taichung
country: Taiwan
facility: Research Site
city: Tainan
country: Taiwan
facility: Research Site
city: Taipei
country: Taiwan
facility: Research Site
city: Taoyuan Hsien
country: Taiwan
facility: Research Site
city: Bangkok
country: Thailand
facility: Research Site
city: Chonburi
country: Thailand
facility: Research Site
city: Khon Kaen
country: Thailand
facility: Research Site
city: Muang
country: Thailand
facility: Research Site
city: Patumthani
country: Thailand
facility: Research Site
city: Rajthevi
country: Thailand
facility: Research Site
city: Ratchathewi
country: Thailand
facility: Research Site
city: Ankara
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Antalya
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Eskisehir
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Istanbul
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Izmir
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Konya
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Ivano-Frankivsk
country: Ukraine
facility: Research Site
city: Kharkiv
country: Ukraine
facility: Research Site
city: Kyiv
country: Ukraine
facility: Research Site
city: Lutsk
country: Ukraine
facility: Research Site
city: Lviv
country: Ukraine
facility: Research Site
city: Uzhgorod
country: Ukraine
facility: Research Site
city: Vinnytsia
country: Ukraine
facility: Research Site
city: Zaporizhzhya
country: Ukraine
facility: Research Site
city: Hanoi
country: Vietnam
facility: Research Site
city: Ho Chi Minh City
country: Vietnam
facility: Research Site
city: Hochiminh
country: Vietnam
facility: Research Site
Study officials:
References:
citation: Diener HC, Easton JD, Hart RG, Kasner S, Kamel H, Ntaios G. Review and update of the concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source. Nat Rev Neurol. 2022 Aug;18(8):455-465. doi: 10.1038/s41582-022-00663-4. Epub 2022 May 10.
citation: Evans SR, Knutsson M, Amarenco P, Albers GW, Bath PM, Denison H, Ladenvall P, Jonasson J, Easton JD, Minematsu K, Molina CA, Wang Y, Wong KL, Johnston SC. Methodologies for pragmatic and efficient assessment of benefits and harms: Application to the SOCRATES trial. Clin Trials. 2020 Dec;17(6):617-626. doi: 10.1177/1740774520941441. Epub 2020 Jul 15.
citation: Cucchiara B, George DK, Kasner SE, Knutsson M, Denison H, Ladenvall P, Amarenco P, Johnston SC. Disability after minor stroke and TIA: A secondary analysis of the SOCRATES trial. Neurology. 2019 Aug 13;93(7):e708-e716. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007936. Epub 2019 Jul 11.
citation: Easton JD, Denison H, Evans SR, Knutsson M, Amarenco P, Albers GW, Ladenvall P, Minematsu K, Molina CA, Wang Y, Wong KL, Johnston SC; SOCRATES Steering Committee and Investigators. Estimated treatment effect of ticagrelor versus aspirin by investigator-assessed events compared with judgement by an independent event adjudication committee in the SOCRATES trial. Int J Stroke. 2019 Dec;14(9):908-914. doi: 10.1177/1747493019851282. Epub 2019 May 15.
citation: Molina CA, Johnston SC, Ladenvall P, Amarenco P, Albers GW, Denison H, Easton JD, Evans SR, Held P, Knutsson M, Minematsu K, Rother J, Wang Y, Wong KSL; SOCRATES Steering Committee and Investigators. Time to Loading Dose and Risk of Recurrent Events in the SOCRATES Trial. Stroke. 2019 Mar;50(3):675-682. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.022675.
citation: Wong KSL, Amarenco P, Albers GW, Denison H, Easton JD, Evans SR, Held P, Himmelmann A, Kasner SE, Knutsson M, Ladenvall P, Minematsu K, Molina CA, Wang Y, Johnston SC; SOCRATES Steering Committee and Investigators. Efficacy and Safety of Ticagrelor in Relation to Aspirin Use Within the Week Before Randomization in the SOCRATES Trial. Stroke. 2018 Jul;49(7):1678-1685. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.020553. Epub 2018 Jun 18.
citation: Amarenco P, Albers GW, Denison H, Easton JD, Evans SR, Held P, Hill MD, Jonasson J, Kasner SE, Ladenvall P, Minematsu K, Molina CA, Wang Y, Wong KSL, Johnston SC; SOCRATES Steering Committee and Investigators. Ticagrelor Versus Aspirin in Acute Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source. Stroke. 2017 Sep;48(9):2480-2487. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.017217. Epub 2017 Jul 18.
citation: Easton JD, Aunes M, Albers GW, Amarenco P, Bokelund-Singh S, Denison H, Evans SR, Held P, Jahreskog M, Jonasson J, Minematsu K, Molina CA, Wang Y, Wong KSL, Johnston SC; SOCRATES Steering Committee and Investigators. Risk for Major Bleeding in Patients Receiving Ticagrelor Compared With Aspirin After Transient Ischemic Attack or Acute Ischemic Stroke in the SOCRATES Study (Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated With Aspirin or Ticagrelor and Patient Outcomes). Circulation. 2017 Sep 5;136(10):907-916. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028566. Epub 2017 Jun 27.
citation: Amarenco P, Albers GW, Denison H, Easton JD, Evans SR, Held P, Hill MD, Jonasson J, Kasner SE, Ladenvall P, Minematsu K, Molina CA, Wang Y, Wong KSL, Johnston SC; SOCRATES Steering Committee and Investigators. Efficacy and safety of ticagrelor versus aspirin in acute stroke or transient ischaemic attack of atherosclerotic origin: a subgroup analysis of SOCRATES, a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2017 Apr;16(4):301-310. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30038-8. Epub 2017 Feb 23.
citation: Wang Y, Minematsu K, Wong KS, Amarenco P, Albers GW, Denison H, Easton JD, Evans SR, Held P, Jonasson J, Molina CA, Johnston SC; SOCRATES Steering Committee and Investigators. Ticagrelor in Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack in Asian Patients: From the SOCRATES Trial (Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated With Aspirin or Ticagrelor and Patient Outcomes). Stroke. 2017 Jan;48(1):167-173. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014891. Epub 2016 Nov 29.
citation: Held P, Himmelmann A, Ditmarsch M. Ticagrelor for the treatment of atherosclerotic disease: insights from the PARTHENON clinical development program. Future Cardiol. 2016 Jul;12(4):405-18. doi: 10.2217/fca-2016-0028. Epub 2016 May 10.
citation: Johnston SC, Amarenco P, Albers GW, Denison H, Easton JD, Evans SR, Held P, Jonasson J, Minematsu K, Molina CA, Wang Y, Wong KS; SOCRATES Steering Committee and Investigators. Ticagrelor versus Aspirin in Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jul 7;375(1):35-43. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1603060. Epub 2016 May 10.