Clinical trial NCT06583317: Recurrent Pneumonia in Children
Official title: Recurrent Pneumonia in Children At Assiut University Children's Hospital
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Conditions: Pneumonia
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection
Chest Infection
Lead sponsor: Assiut University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2024-09-04
Enrollment: 53
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 30
Maximum age (years): 18
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: children with recurrent pneumonia

Brief summary: This study aimed to analyses the clinical characteristics, risk factors and underlying causes as predictors of recurrent pneumonia in children attending AUCH

Detailed description: Pneumonia is defined as inflammation of lung parenchyma due to various pathogenic organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. The key symptom to suspect childhood pneumonia is tachypnea. The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined tachypnea as respiratory rate \>60 breaths/min in infants less than 2 months, \>50 in infants 2 -12 months and \>40 in children 1 to 5 years and \>20 in children \>5 years of age \[1\]. WHO has categorized pneumonia in children under-five years of age into two categories, pneumonia and severe pneumonia. Tachypnea with or without chest retraction is categorized as pneumonia while tachypnea with any danger signs (unable to feed or drink, hypothermia, unconsciousness, convulsion, signs of hypoxia including cyanosis, grunting, groaning, head nodding) as severe pneumonia \[1\].

Pneumonia is a common and described as the overlooked killer of children\[2\] as killing 1.1-1.4 million children every year. It accounts for 17%-19% of all deaths amongst children under 5 years of age; the majority of them are in developing countries \[3,4\] .In Egypt, children under 5 years approximate 13.4% of the total population\[4\] and pneumonia constitutes 19% of under-five mortality\[5\].

Recurrent pneumonia (RP) is defined as at least two episodes of pneumonia in one year or three episodes ever, with intercritical radiographic clearing of densities \[6\]. Incidence data indicate that RP occurs in 7.7%-9% of all children with CAP \[7,8,9,10,11,12\]. As a result, RP represents a frequent presenting manifestation in the general pediatric practice and is a very common reason for referral to pediatric chest physicians \[7\]. Factors linked to these infections could be recurrent aspirations, congenital structural anomalies of pulmonary and cardiovascular systems, defects in the clearance of airway secretions and immunodeficiency \[13\]

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* • All children more than 1 month and less than 18 years of age

  * All cases presented by picture of recurrent pneumonia in the form of as at least two episodes of pneumonia in one year or three episodes ever, with radiographic clearing of densities in between.

Exclusion Criteria:

* • All children less than 1 month and more than 18 years

  * Evidence of malignancies
  * Evidence of congenital immune deficiency
  * Cases refusing to participate in research.
  * Cases missed for follow up.

Primary outcomes:
measure: To delineate risk factors of recurrent chest infection.
timeFrame: Baseline
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
References:
citation: Nair H, Simoes EA, Rudan I, Gessner BD, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Zhang JSF, Feikin DR, Mackenzie GA, Moiisi JC, Roca A, Baggett HC, Zaman SM, Singleton RJ, Lucero MG, Chandran A, Gentile A, Cohen C, Krishnan A, Bhutta ZA, Arguedas A, Clara AW, Andrade AL, Ope M, Ruvinsky RO, Hortal M, McCracken JP, Madhi SA, Bruce N, Qazi SA, Morris SS, El Arifeen S, Weber MW, Scott JAG, Brooks WA, Breiman RF, Campbell H; Severe Acute Lower Respiratory Infections Working Group. Global and regional burden of hospital admissions for severe acute lower respiratory infections in young children in 2010: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2013 Apr 20;381(9875):1380-1390. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61901-1. Epub 2013 Jan 29.
citation: Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Walker N, Rizvi A, Campbell H, Rudan I, Black RE; Lancet Diarrhoea and Pneumonia Interventions Study Group. Interventions to address deaths from childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea equitably: what works and at what cost? Lancet. 2013 Apr 20;381(9875):1417-1429. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60648-0. Epub 2013 Apr 12.