Clinical trial NCT05807139: Spironolactone in Alcohol Use Disorder (SAUD)
Official title: Spironolactone in Alcohol Use Disorder (SAUD): A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Ascending Dose, Phase 1b Study
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: PHASE1
Conditions: Alcohol Use Disorder
Keywords: Alcohol Consumption
Alcohol Problems
Alcohol Use Disorder
SPIRONOLACTONE
Mineralocorticoid Receptor
Lead sponsor: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
Sponsor class: NIH
First posted: 2023-04-11
Enrollment: 20
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 21
Maximum age (years): 99
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Primary purpose: OTHER

Brief summary: Background:

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) affects about 29.5 million people in the United States. Only 3 medicines have been approved by Food and Drug Administration to treat AUD. Researchers want to find better treatments for AUD. Animal studies found that a medicine called spironolactone, may decrease the amount of alcohol the animals drank. Spironolactone is approved to treat high blood pressure, or heart failure in people. It is not approved to treat AUD.

Objective:

To test a medicine (spironolactone) in people who sometimes drink excessive alcohol in order to understand how the body breaks down spironolactone and if there are any side effects in people who drink alcohol while taking this medicine.

Eligibility:

People aged 21 and older with AUD.

Design:

Participants will have 4 separate 7-day stays at a clinic in Baltimore over 2 months. Spironolactone is a capsule you swallow. Participants will take a capsule twice a day for 5 days during each clinic stay. During 1 of their 4 stays, they will take a placebo instead of the medicine. The placebo capsule looks just like the spironolactone capsule but contains no medicine. Participants will not know when they are taking the medicine or the placebo.

Participants will not drink alcohol until day 6 of each clinic stay. Then they will be asked to drink alcohol in a bar-like area in the clinic. Their breath and blood alcohol levels and their well-being will be measured.

Participants will undergo other tests in the clinic:

A DEXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) scan uses X-rays to measure bone density and muscle mass. Participants will lie on an open-top, padded table, then a small arm will scan the full length of their body. The radiation participants will get in this study is about the same as from one regular x-ray.

Blood tests. Participants may feel some discomfort at the site of needle entry.

Electrocardiogram. This test records the heart activity. Sensors are attached to the skin with stickers and removed after a few minutes.

Urine tests. All urine will be collected over a 3-day period during each stay. We will measure the amount of urine, and different hormones and salts in the urine.

Questionnaires and tasks. Participants will answer questions about their alcohol use. They will perform tasks to test mood, craving, mental and physical coordination, and how much they feel an effect from alcohol after drinking.

Detailed description: Study Description:

This study will examine pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters of spironolactone and alcohol, during concomitant oral administration (0, 100, 200, 400 mg/day spironolactone PO), and test the safety and tolerability of spironolactone, co-administered with alcohol, in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Objectives:

Our objective is to assess PK and PD parameters during spironolactone-alcohol co-administration, in individuals with AUD. We will also test the safety, tolerability, and potential drug-alcohol interaction.

Endpoints:

Primary Endpoint:

Spironolactone and alcohol PK during concomitant administration (0, 100, 200, and 400 mg/day spironolactone).

Secondary Endpoints:

1. Assessment of subjective and cognitive effects of acute alcohol administration during concomitant spironolactone treatment (0, 100, 200, and 400 mg/day).
2. Number and severity of adverse events (AEs) experienced, compared between placebo (0 mg/day) and all three spironolactone doses (100, 200, 400 mg/day).
3. PK characteristic of spironolactone active metabolites, canrenone, 7-alpha-thiomethylspirolactone (TMS) and 6beta-hydroxy-7alpha-thiomethylspirolactone (HTMS), before and after administration of alcohol.

Eligibility criteria: * INCLUSION CRITERIA:

In order to be eligible to enroll in this study, an individual must meet all of the following criteria:

1. At least 21 years old
2. Alcohol Use Disorder (minimum 2 symptoms on a validated diagnostic tool, e.g., the Mini- International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) or the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID))
3. At least four days with \>= 4 drinks for females or \>= 5 drinks for males during the 28-day period prior to screening, according to alcohol TimeLine Follow Back (TLFB)
4. Most recent Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol - revised (CIWA-Ar) score is \< 10
5. Able to speak, read, write, and understand English as demonstrated by their ability to understand and sign the consent for the NIDA screening protocol.
6. Female participants must be postmenopausal for at least one year, surgically sterile, or practicing a highly effective method of birth control before entry and throughout the study and must have negative pregnancy tests at each stage. Examples of highly effective methods of birth control include abstinence, hormonal contraceptives (e.g., certain birth control pills, contraceptive patch, vaginal ring, or implants), intrauterine device (IUD), tubal ligation, or vasectomy.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

An individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:

1. Most recent blood tests: potassium \> 5.2 mmol/L; creatinine \>= 2 mg/dL; eGFR \< 60 mL/min/1.73 m\^2, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) \> 6.5 %
2. Clinically significant and/or symptomatic hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperuricemia based on Medical Advisory Investigators (MAI) or designee judgment.
3. Known history of clinically significant orthostatic hypotension
4. Known history of hypoaldosteronism, hyperaldosteronism, Addison s disease
5. Diagnosis of NYHA class III-IV heart failure, or unstable cardiovascular conditions (e.g., arrhythmias, clinically significant ECG abnormalities)
6. Current use of any diuretic, angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), potassium supplementation, potassium containing salt substitute, heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), trimethoprim, lithium, digoxin, cholestyramine
7. Current use of MR antagonists
8. Current use of FDA-approved pharmacotherapy for AUD, or seeking treatment for AUD
9. Known history of prior hypersensitivity reaction to spironolactone or other MR antagonists, or any of the product components
10. Known history of alcohol withdrawal seizure and delirium tremens.
11. Physical and/or mental health conditions that are clinically unstable, as determined by the study clinicians, including (but not limited to) major depressive disorder or generalized anxiety disorder unstable during the past three months or other psychiatric conditions (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) unstable during the past twelve months prior to screening.
12. Pregnancy, intention to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.
13. Any other reason or clinical condition that the Investigators judge would interfere with study participation and/or be unsafe for a participant.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Describe steady-state PK of spironolactone in individuals with AUD, before and after oral alcohol administration.
timeFrame: Before and after oral alcohol administration.
measure: Describe alcohol PK during concomitant spironolactone use
timeFrame: 12 hours after oral alcohol administration
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Determine whether spironolactone alters subjective and cognitive effects of acute alcohol administration
timeFrame: 12 hours after oral alcohol administration
measure: Determine safety, tolerability, and potential drug-alcohol interaction by administering spironolactone, combined with alcohol, in individuals with AUD
timeFrame: 12 hours after oral alcohol administration
measure: Describe steady-state PK of spironolactone metabolites in individuals with AUD, before and after alcohol administration
timeFrame: Before and after oral administration of alcohol.
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Baltimore
country: United States
facility: National Institute on Drug Abuse
state: Maryland
Study officials:
affiliation: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
name: Lorenzo Leggio, M.D.
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Leko AH, McGinn MA, Farokhnia M. The Mineralocorticoid Receptor: An Emerging Pharmacotherapeutic Target for Alcohol Use Disorder? ACS Chem Neurosci. 2022 Jul 6;13(13):1832-1834. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00326. Epub 2022 Jun 24.
citation: Farokhnia M, Rentsch CT, Chuong V, McGinn MA, Elvig SK, Douglass EA, Gonzalez LA, Sanfilippo JE, Marchette RCN, Tunstall BJ, Fiellin DA, Koob GF, Justice AC, Leggio L, Vendruscolo LF. Spironolactone as a potential new pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder: convergent evidence from rodent and human studies. Mol Psychiatry. 2022 Nov;27(11):4642-4652. doi: 10.1038/s41380-022-01736-y. Epub 2022 Sep 20.
citation: Palzes VA, Farokhnia M, Kline-Simon AH, Elson J, Sterling S, Leggio L, Weisner C, Chi FW. Effectiveness of spironolactone dispensation in reducing weekly alcohol use: a retrospective high-dimensional propensity score-matched cohort study. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2021 Nov;46(12):2140-2147. doi: 10.1038/s41386-021-01117-z. Epub 2021 Aug 2.
citation: Aoun EG, Jimenez VA, Vendruscolo LF, Walter NAR, Barbier E, Ferrulli A, Haass-Koffler CL, Darakjian P, Lee MR, Addolorato G, Heilig M, Hitzemann R, Koob GF, Grant KA, Leggio L. A relationship between the aldosterone-mineralocorticoid receptor pathway and alcohol drinking: preliminary translational findings across rats, monkeys and humans. Mol Psychiatry. 2018 Jun;23(6):1466-1473. doi: 10.1038/mp.2017.97. Epub 2017 May 2.
citation: Leggio L, Ferrulli A, Cardone S, Miceli A, Kenna GA, Gasbarrini G, Swift RM, Addolorato G. Renin and aldosterone but not the natriuretic peptide correlate with obsessive craving in medium-term abstinent alcohol-dependent patients: a longitudinal study. Alcohol. 2008 Aug;42(5):375-81. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2008.03.128. Epub 2008 May 16.