Clinical trial NCT03020030: Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children and Adolescents
Official title: Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children and Adolescents
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Pediatric
Keywords: acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Lead sponsor: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Servier
First posted: 2017-01-13
Enrollment: 560
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 1
Maximum age (years): 21
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer diagnosed in children. The cancer comes from a cell in the blood called a lymphocyte. Normal lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow (along with other blood cells) and help fight infections. In ALL, the cancerous lymphocytes are called lymphoblasts. They do not help fight infection and crowd out the normal blood cells in the bone marrow so that the body cannot make enough normal blood cells. ALL is always fatal if it is not treated. With current treatments, most children and adolescents with this disease will be cured.

The standard treatment for ALL involves about 2 years of chemotherapy. The drugs that are used, and the doses of the drugs, are similar but not identical for all children and adolescents with ALL. Some children and adolescents receive stronger treatment, especially during the first several months. A number of factors are used to decide how strong the treatment should be to give the best chance for cure. These factors are called "risk factors". This trial is studying the use of a new, updated set of risk factors to decide how strong the treatment will be. The study also will test a new way of dosing a chemotherapy drug called pegaspargase (which is part of the standard treatment for ALL) based on checking levels of the drug in the blood and adjusting the dose based on the levels.

Detailed description: There are a standard set of risk factors which are used to decide how strong treatment should be for a child with ALL. These risk factors include the child's age when the leukemia is diagnosed, how high the white blood cell count (WBC) is in the blood, whether or not leukemia cells are seen in the spinal fluid (referred to as Central Nervous System or CNS status), and whether or not the leukemia has certain abnormalities in their chromosomes (genetic material in the cell). Another risk factor is the amount of leukemia in the marrow that can be measured by a special laboratory test called "MRD" (Minimal Residual Disease) after the first month of treatment.

Over the last several years, new factors have been identified which help predict how well a child's leukemia may respond to treatment. These new risk factors include additional abnormalities in the genes of the leukemia cell, as well the amount of leukemia (MRD level) at second time point (about 2-3 months after starting treatment).

In this trial, the investigators will use the new risk factors along with old risk factors to decide how strong the treatment will be. The goal is to better identify those participants who might benefit from stronger treatment in order to improve their chance for cure. The investigators also hope to better identify participants who have a high chance of being cured with standard treatment in order to reduce their chance of side effects while maintaining the chance of cure.

This trial also aims to study the dosing of a drug called pegaspargase. Pegaspargase is a chemotherapy drug that is an important part of ALL treatment but it is also can cause many side effects. With the standard dose of pegaspargase, levels of the drug in the blood are higher than may be necessary to effectively treat leukemia.

On this research study, the investigators will be comparing the standard dose of pegaspargase with a new way of dosing the drug based on levels of the drug that we can measure in the blood. With the new way of doing, treatment will begin with a lower dose. If the levels are high, the dose will be decreased one more time; however, if at any time the levels are too low, dosing will be switched back up to the standard dose. The goal of this research study is to learn whether this new way of dosing (starting at a lower dose and changing the dose based on drug levels in the blood) will decrease side effects but still be as effective as the standard dosing of the drug.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Confirmed diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Diagnosis should be made by bone marrow aspirate or biopsy demonstrating ≥ 25% involvement by lymphoblasts, with flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry confirming B-precursor or T-ALL phenotype.

   -- For patients with circulating blasts in the peripheral blood, flow cytometry confirmation of B-ALL or T-ALL phenotype is sufficient for registration onto the study. Bone marrow aspirate and/or biopsy should be performed as soon as feasible, preferably prior to the initiation of any therapy.
2. Prior Therapy: No prior therapy is allowed except for the following:

   * Corticosteroids: Short courses of corticosteroid (defined as ≤ 7 days of corticosteroids within the 4-weeks preceding registration) are allowed prior to registration.

     --- Participants who have been on corticosteroids chronically (defined as more than 7 days of corticosteroids within the 4-weeks preceding registration or more than 28 days of corticosteroids over the preceding 6 months) are not eligible.
   * IT cytarabine: A single dose of intrathecal cytarabine (at the time of the diagnostic lumbar puncture) is allowed prior to registration. If patient has received IT cytarabine prior to registration, Day 1 IT cytarabine should not be administered.
   * Emergent Radiation Therapy: Emergent radiation to the mediastinum or other life-threatening masses is allowed prior to registration.
3. Age: 365 days to \< 22 years
4. Direct bilirubin \< 1.4 mg/dL (23.9 micromoles/L).
5. Ability of parent or guardian to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Mature B-cell (Burkitt's) ALL (defined by the presence of surface immunoglobulin and/or the t(8;14)(q24;q32), t(8;22), or t(2;8) translocation and/or c-myc-gene rearrangement).
2. World Health Organization diagnostic criteria of mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) or leukemia of ambiguous lineage
3. Any chemotherapy or radiotherapy for previous malignancy are not eligible.
4. Treatment in past with any anti-neoplastic agent, including methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, vincristine cyclophosphamide, cytarabine (except for IT cytarabine), or any anthracycline, for any reason (eg, rheumatologic or autoimmune condition).
5. Currently receiving any investigational agents.
6. Known HIV-positivity
7. Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to ongoing infection with vital sign instability (hypotension, respiratory insufficiency), life-threatening acute tumor lysis syndrome (eg, with renal failure), symptomatic congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, intracranial or other uncontrolled bleeding, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.
8. Pregnant women are excluded from this study because many of the agents used on this protocol have potential for teratogenic and/or abortifacient effects. Because there is an unknown but potential risk of adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with these chemotherapy agents, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is enrolled.
9. History of a previous malignancy. Exception: Individuals with a previous malignancy treated with surgery only (no chemotherapy or radiotherapy) more than 5 years prior to registration may be enrolled.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Complete Remission Rate
timeFrame: After 1 month of treatment (Induction IA) for all participants, assessed at the end of first month of treatment in all participants through study completion (expected to take 4-5 years to accrue)
measure: Event-Free Survival
timeFrame: From registration to the time of induction failure, relapse, death, or second malignancy, whichever came first, assessed up to 60 months.
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Overall Survival
timeFrame: From registration to the time of death from any cause, assessed up to 60 months.
measure: Disease Free Survival
timeFrame: From randomization or direct assignment (for participants who achieved a complete remission and were assigned a final risk group) to the time of relapse, death, or second malignancy, whichever came first, assessed up to 60 months.
measure: Nadir Serum Asparaginase Activity (NSAA)
timeFrame: During post-induction therapy with 30-weeks of pegaspargase (15 doses), collected during the first 6 months of therapy for all participants through study completion (expected to take 4-5 years to accrue)
measure: Non-allergic Asparaginase Toxicity
timeFrame: During post-induction therapy with 30-weeks of pegaspargase (15 doses). collected during the first 6 months of therapy for all participants through study completion (expected to take 4-5 years to accrue)
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Boston
country: United States
facility: Boston Children's Hospital
state: Massachusetts
city: Boston
country: United States
facility: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
state: Massachusetts
city: New Brunswick
country: United States
facility: Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey
state: New Jersey
city: Bronx
country: United States
facility: Montefiore Medical Center
state: New York
city: Buffalo
country: United States
facility: Roswell Park Cancer Institute
state: New York
city: New York
country: United States
facility: Columbia University Medical Center, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian
state: New York
city: Providence
country: United States
facility: Hasbro Children's Hospital / Rhode Island Hospital
state: Rhode Island
city: Montreal
country: Canada
facility: Hospital Sainte Justine, University of Montreal
state: Quebec
city: Quebec City
country: Canada
facility: Centre Hospitalier U. de Quebec
state: Quebec
Study officials:
affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
name: Melissa Burns, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Tran TH, Langlois S, Meloche C, Caron M, Saint-Onge P, Rouette A, Bataille AR, Jimenez-Cortes C, Sontag T, Bittencourt H, Laverdiere C, Lavallee VP, Leclerc JM, Cole PD, Gennarini LM, Kahn JM, Kelly KM, Michon B, Santiago R, Stevenson KE, Welch JJG, Schroeder KM, Koch V, Cellot S, Silverman LB, Sinnett D. Whole-transcriptome analysis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the DFCI ALL Consortium Protocol 16-001. Blood Adv. 2022 Feb 22;6(4):1329-1341. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005634.