Clinical trial NCT03383575: Azacitidine and Enasidenib in Treating Patients With IDH2-Mutant Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Official title: Targeted Therapy With the IDH2-Inhibitor Enasidenib (AG221) for High-Risk IDH2-Mutant Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Blasts 20-30 Percent of Bone Marrow Nucleated Cells
Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia
IDH2 Gene Mutation
Myelodysplastic Syndrome With Excess Blasts
Recurrent High Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Refractory High Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Lead sponsor: M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
name: Celgene
First posted: 2017-12-26
Enrollment: 63
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 12
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: This phase II trial studies the side effects and how well azacitidine and enasidenib work in treating patients with IDH2-mutant myelodysplastic syndrome. Azacitidine and enasidenib may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth.

Detailed description: PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine the safety and tolerability of enasidenib alone, and enasidenib in combination with azacitidine (AZA), for patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) mutated myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).

II. To assess the efficacy of the combination of enasidenib + azacitidine in hypomethylating agent (HMA) naive subjects with IDH2-mutated MDS, and to assess the efficacy of enasidenib single-agent in subjects with IDH2-mutated MDS who are relapsed/refractory to HMA therapy.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To evaluate molecular and cellular markers that may be predictive of antitumor activity and/or resistance including evaluation of IDH2 variant allele fraction (VAF) levels during treatment and presence of co-occurring mutations.

II. To assess overall survival, event-free survival and duration of response of enasidenib alone, and enasidenib in combination with azacitidine.

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

I. To assess changes in cellular differentiation and changes in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation profiles in IDH2-mutated MDS treated with enasidenib alone and with enasidenib + azacitidine.

II. To evaluate quality of life (QOL) using an MDS-specific measure.

OUTLINE: Patients are assigned to 1 of 2 arms.

ARM I: Patients who are HMA-naive receive enasidenib orally (PO) once daily (QD) on days 1-28 and azacitidine intravenously (IV) oveer 30-60 minutes or subcutaneously (SC) on days 1-7. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

ARM II: Patients relapsed and/or refractory to HMA therapy receive enasidenib PO QD on days 1-28. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 3 months for up to 3 years.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Signed, informed consent must be obtained prior to any study specific procedures
* Subjects with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of MDS, including both MDS and refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-T) (acute myeloid leukemia \[AML\] with 20-30% blasts and multilineage dysplasia by French-American-British \[FAB\] criteria) by World Health Organization (WHO), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) are eligible
* Subjects must have an IDH2 gene mutation (IDH2-R140 or R172) as determined by local laboratory result
* (Arm A only): Subject must be hypomethylating agent naive (i.e. prior azacitidine, decitabine, SGI-110 is exclusionary). Receipt of other MDS-directed therapy such as lenalidomide is allowed
* (Arm A only): Subjects with high-risk MDS (i.e. International Prostate Symptom Score \[IPSS\] intermediate-2 or high-risk; or revised \[R\]-IPSS high or very-high risk). Patients with intermediate-1 risk by IPSS or intermediate risk by R-IPSS with high-risk molecular features including TP53, ASXL1, EZH2, and/or RUNX1 mutations are also eligible
* (Arm B only): Subject must be relapsed or refractory to prior hypomethylating agent therapy, defined as prior receipt of 6 cycles of HMA therapy with failure to attain a response, or relapse after prior response to HMA therapy
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2
* Serum bilirubin =\< 2 x the upper limit of normal (ULN) (except for patients with Gilbert's disease)
* Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) =\< 3 x the laboratory ULN
* Serum creatinine =\< 2 x the ULN
* Able to understand and voluntarily sign a written informed consent, and willing and able to comply with protocol requirements
* Resolution of all clinically significant treatment-related, non-hematological toxicities, except alopecia, from any previous cancer therapy to =\< grade 1 prior to the first dose of study treatment
* Female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 7 days of the first dose of study drug and agree to use dual methods of contraception during the study and for a minimum of 3 months following the last dose of study drug. Post-menopausal females (\> 45 years old and without menses for \> 1 year) and surgically sterilized females are exempt from these requirements. Male patients must use an effective barrier method of contraception during the study and for a minimum of 3 months following the last dose of study drug if sexually active with a female of childbearing potential

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any prior or coexisting medical condition that in the investigator's judgment will substantially increase the risk associated with the subject's participation in the study
* Subject has received a prior targeted IDH2 inhibitor
* Psychiatric disorders or altered mental status precluding understanding of the informed consent process and/or completion of the necessary study procedures
* Active uncontrolled infection at study enrollment including known diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus or chronic active hepatitis B or C infection
* Clinically significant gastrointestinal conditions or disorders that may interfere with study drug absorption, including prior gastrectomy
* Patients with known active central nervous system (CNS) disease, including leptomeningeal involvement
* Impaired cardiac function, uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia, or clinically significant cardiac disease including the following: a) New York Heart Association grade III or IV congestive heart failure, b) myocardial infarction within the last 6 months
* Subjects with a corrected QT (QTc) \> 480 ms (QTc \> 510 msec for subjects with a bundle branch block at baseline
* Nursing or pregnant women
* Subjects with known hypersensitivity to study drugs or their excipients

Primary outcomes:
measure: Incidence of adverse events
timeFrame: Up to 3 years
measure: Overall response rate
timeFrame: Up to 3 years
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Event-free survival (EFS)
timeFrame: Up to 3 years
measure: Overall survival (OS)
timeFrame: Up to 3 years
measure: Anti-tumor activity
timeFrame: Up to 3 years
measure: Pharmadynamics (PDn) markers
timeFrame: Up to 3 years
measure: Drug exposure levels
timeFrame: Up to 3 years
Other outcomes:
measure: Biomarkers analysis
timeFrame: Up to 3 years
Locations:
city: Baltimore
country: United States
facility: Johns Hopkins University/Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
state: Maryland
city: Cleveland
country: United States
facility: Cleveland Clinic Foundation
state: Ohio
city: Houston
country: United States
facility: M D Anderson Cancer Center
state: Texas
Study officials:
affiliation: M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
name: Courtney DiNardo
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: DiNardo CD, Venugopal S, Lachowiez C, Takahashi K, Loghavi S, Montalban-Bravo G, Wang X, Carraway H, Sekeres M, Sukkur A, Hammond D, Chien K, Maiti A, Masarova L, Sasaki K, Alvarado Y, Kadia T, Short NJ, Daver N, Borthakur G, Ravandi F, Kantarjian HM, Patel B, Dezern A, Roboz G, Garcia-Manero G. Targeted therapy with the mutant IDH2 inhibitor enasidenib for high-risk IDH2-mutant myelodysplastic syndrome. Blood Adv. 2023 Jun 13;7(11):2378-2387. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008378.