Clinical trial NCT00000770: A Comparative Study of a Combination of Zidovudine, Didanosine, and Double-Blinded Nevirapine Versus a Combination of Zidovudine and Didanosine
Official title: A Comparative Study of a Combination of Zidovudine, Didanosine, and Double-Blinded Nevirapine Versus a Combination of Zidovudine and Didanosine
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: HIV Infections
Keywords: Didanosine
Drug Therapy, Combination
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
AIDS-Related Complex
Zidovudine
Nevirapine
Lead sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Sponsor class: NIH
Collaborators: name: Bristol-Myers Squibb
name: Glaxo Wellcome
First posted: 2001-08-31
Enrollment: 400
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 13
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: To assess the safety and toxicity of zidovudine (AZT)/didanosine (ddI) versus AZT/ddI combined with nevirapine in HIV-infected patients, and to obtain preliminary anti-HIV activity data using immunologic and virologic markers.

Previous in vitro studies suggest that HIV that has already developed resistance to AZT and ddI is less able to develop resistance to nevirapine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Thus, convergent combination therapy with these three drugs in HIV-infected patients may prove more effective.

Detailed description: Previous in vitro studies suggest that HIV that has already developed resistance to AZT and ddI is less able to develop resistance to nevirapine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Thus, convergent combination therapy with these three drugs in HIV-infected patients may prove more effective.

Patients are randomized to receive AZT/ddI plus either nevirapine or placebo daily for 48 weeks, with possible extension for at least 12 weeks. At eight participating sites, ACTG 808 and 809 will be conducted as virologic and pharmacokinetic substudies.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria

Concurrent Medication:

Required:

* PCP prophylaxis for patients with CD4 count \< 200 cells/mm3 or a prior history of PCP.

Allowed:

* Trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole or dapsone, intravenous pentamidine, atovaquone, primaquine-clindamycin or trimetrexate for acute PCP.
* Topical antifungals, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and amphotericin B for treatment of mucosal and esophageal candidiasis.
* Prophylaxis or therapy for opportunistic infections, as indicated, with other medications such as itraconazole, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, clofazimine, clarithromycin, azithromycin, ethambutol, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and clindamycin.
* Maintenance therapy for opportunistic infections as long as patients have been on a stable dosage regimen for 1 month prior to study entry.
* Ganciclovir for CMV retinitis or gastrointestinal disease as long as patients have been on a stable dose for at least 1 month prior to study entry with no grade 3 or 4 neutropenia or dependence on G-CSF.
* Acyclovir (\<= 1000 mg/day) for maintenance of herpes simplex virus infections.
* Erythropoietin or G-CSF if clinically indicated.
* Antibiotics for bacterial infections unless specifically excluded.
* Rifampin or rifabutin.
* Symptomatic treatments such as antipyretics, analgesics, and antiemetics.

Concurrent Treatment:

Allowed:

* Local radiation therapy.

Prior Medication: Required:

* At least 6 months of prior cumulative nucleoside therapy with AZT, ddI, or ddC, given as monotherapy or in combination.

Patients must have:

* Prior or current documentation of HIV seropositivity by ELISA confirmed by Western blot, positive HIV antigen, or positive HIV culture, or a second antibody test by a method other than ELISA.
* CD4 count \<= 350 cells/mm3.
* Prior cumulative nucleoside therapy of \>= 6 months.
* Consent of parent or guardian if less than 18 years of age.

Exclusion Criteria

Concurrent Medication:

Excluded:

* Antiretroviral therapies other than study medications.
* Systemic corticosteroids given consecutively for \> 21 days.
* Induction or maintenance with foscarnet.
* Systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy for a malignancy.
* Erythromycin.
* Coumadin/warfarin.
* Phenytoin or phenobarbital.
* Amoxicillin/clavulanate acid (Augmentin) or ticarcillin/clavulanate acid (Timentin).

Patients with the following prior conditions are excluded:

* History of pancreatitis.
* History of intolerance to 500 or 600 mg/day AZT or to 400 mg/day ddI tablets or 500 mg/day ddI sachets.
* History of grade 2 or worse peripheral neuropathy.

Prior Medication:

Excluded at any time:

Prior non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NVP; L697,611; TIBO; atevirdine).

Excluded within 14 days prior to study entry:

* Acute treatment for a serious infection or any opportunistic infection.
* Biologic response modifiers such as interferon and IL-2.
* Erythromycin.
* Coumadin/warfarin.
* Phenytoin or phenobarbital.
* Ticarcillin/clavulanate acid (Timentin) or amoxicillin/clavulanate acid (Augmentin).

Primary outcomes:
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Birmingham
country: United States
facility: Univ of Alabama at Birmingham
state: Alabama
city: Los Angeles
country: United States
facility: Univ of Southern California / LA County USC Med Ctr
state: California
city: Oakland
country: United States
facility: Highland Gen Hosp / San Francisco Gen Hosp
state: California
city: Oakland
country: United States
facility: Summitt Med Ctr / San Francisco Gen Hosp
state: California
city: San Diego
country: United States
facility: Univ of California / San Diego Treatment Ctr
state: California
city: San Francisco
country: United States
facility: San Francisco AIDS Clinic / San Francisco Gen Hosp
state: California
city: San Francisco
country: United States
facility: San Francisco Gen Hosp
state: California
city: Denver
country: United States
facility: Univ of Colorado Health Sciences Ctr
state: Colorado
city: Miami
country: United States
facility: Univ of Miami School of Medicine
state: Florida
city: Chicago
country: United States
facility: Northwestern Univ Med School
state: Illinois
city: Chicago
country: United States
facility: Cook County Hosp
state: Illinois
city: Chicago
country: United States
facility: Rush Presbyterian - Saint Luke's Med Ctr
state: Illinois
city: Indianapolis
country: United States
facility: Indiana Univ Hosp
state: Indiana
city: Iowa City
country: United States
facility: Univ of Iowa Hosp and Clinic
state: Iowa
city: Boston
country: United States
facility: Harvard (Massachusetts Gen Hosp)
state: Massachusetts
city: Boston
country: United States
facility: Boston Med Ctr
state: Massachusetts
city: Boston
country: United States
facility: Beth Israel Deaconess - West Campus
state: Massachusetts
city: Boston
country: United States
facility: Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr
state: Massachusetts
city: Minneapolis
country: United States
facility: Hennepin County Med Clinic
state: Minnesota
city: Minneapolis
country: United States
facility: Univ of Minnesota
state: Minnesota
city: Saint Paul
country: United States
facility: St Paul Ramsey Med Ctr
state: Minnesota
city: Omaha
country: United States
facility: Univ of Nebraska Med Ctr
state: Nebraska
city: Bronx
country: United States
facility: Bronx Municipal Hosp Ctr/Jacobi Med Ctr
state: New York
city: Bronx
country: United States
facility: Comprehensive Health Care Ctr / Bronx Municipal Hosp
state: New York
city: Bronx
country: United States
facility: Montefiore Drug Treatment Ctr / Bronx Municipal Hosp
state: New York
city: Bronx
country: United States
facility: Montefiore Family Health Ctr / Bronx Municipal Hosp
state: New York
city: Bronx
country: United States
facility: Samaritan Village Inc / Bronx Municipal Hosp
state: New York
city: Bronx
country: United States
facility: Jack Weiler Hosp / Bronx Municipal Hosp
state: New York
city: Bronx
country: United States
facility: Montefiore Med Ctr / Bronx Municipal Hosp
state: New York
city: Bronx
country: United States
facility: North Central Bronx Hosp / Bronx Municipal Hosp
state: New York
city: Elmhurst
country: United States
facility: City Hosp Ctr at Elmhurst / Mount Sinai Hosp
state: New York
city: New York
country: United States
facility: Beth Israel Med Ctr
state: New York
city: New York
country: United States
facility: Saint Clare's Hosp and Health Ctr
state: New York
city: New York
country: United States
facility: Cornell Univ Med Ctr
state: New York
city: New York
country: United States
facility: Mem Sloan - Kettering Cancer Ctr
state: New York
city: New York
country: United States
facility: Mount Sinai Med Ctr
state: New York
city: Chapel Hill
country: United States
facility: Univ of North Carolina
state: North Carolina
city: Charlotte
country: United States
facility: Carolinas Med Ctr
state: North Carolina
city: Greensboro
country: United States
facility: Moses H Cone Memorial Hosp
state: North Carolina
city: Raleigh
country: United States
facility: Wake County Dept of Health
state: North Carolina
city: Cincinnati
country: United States
facility: Univ of Cincinnati
state: Ohio
city: Philadelphia
country: United States
facility: Girard Med Ctr
state: Pennsylvania
city: Philadelphia
country: United States
facility: Univ of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia
state: Pennsylvania
city: Philadelphia
country: United States
facility: Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp
state: Pennsylvania
Study officials:
name: D'Aquila R
role: STUDY_CHAIR
name: Hirsch M
role: STUDY_CHAIR
References:
citation: D'Aquila RT, Hughes MD, Johnson VA, Fischl MA, Sommadossi JP, Liou SH, Timpone J, Myers M, Basgoz N, Niu M, Hirsch MS. Nevirapine, zidovudine, and didanosine compared with zidovudine and didanosine in patients with HIV-1 infection. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 241 Investigators. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Jun 15;124(12):1019-30. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-124-12-199606150-00001.
citation: Dusek A, Hall D, Lamson M, Myers M. Once-daily dosing of nevirapine: a retrospective, cross-study analysis. Int Conf AIDS. 1998;12:85 (abstract no 12360)
citation: Leigh Brown AJ, D'Aquila RT, Johnson VA, Kuritzkes DR, Richman DD. Baseline sequence clusters predict response to combination therapy in ACTG 241. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect. 1998 Feb 1-5;5th:211 (abstract no 704)
citation: Fiscus SA, Welles SL, Spector SA, Lathey JL. Length of incubation time for human immunodeficiency virus cultures. J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Jan;33(1):246-7. doi: 10.1128/jcm.33.1.246-247.1995.
citation: D'Aquila RT, Sutton L, Savara A, Hughes MD, Johnson VA. CCR5/delta(ccr5) heterozygosity: a selective pressure for the syncytium-inducing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 phenotype. NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 241 Virology Team. J Infect Dis. 1998 Jun;177(6):1549-53. doi: 10.1086/515307.
citation: Virus sidesteps convergent therapy. GMHC Treat Issues. 1995 Jan;9(1):6.
citation: Precious H, Leigh Brown AJ, Gunthard HF, Wong JK, D'Aquila RT, Johnson VA, Kuritzkes DR, Richman DD. A multiple regression model predicting response to combination therapy from baseline sequence data identifies amino acid sites not previously associated with resistance. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect. 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4;6th:69 (abstract no 14)
citation: Zhou XJ, Sheiner LB, D'Aquila RT, Hughes MD, Hirsch MS, Fischl MA, Johnson VA, Myers M, Sommadossi JP. Population pharmacokinetics of nevirapine, zidovudine, and didanosine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 241 Investigators. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999 Jan;43(1):121-8. doi: 10.1128/AAC.43.1.121.
citation: Hall D, Robinson P, Cort S, Kohlbrenner V, Leitz G, Myers M. Duration of effect of nevirapine (NVP), a cross-trial analysis of three controlled studies. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect. 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1;3rd:79
citation: Hughes MD, Johnson VA, Hirsch MS, Bremer JW, Elbeik T, Erice A, Kuritzkes DR, Scott WA, Spector SA, Basgoz N, Fischl MA, D'Aquila RT. Monitoring plasma HIV-1 RNA levels in addition to CD4+ lymphocyte count improves assessment of antiretroviral therapeutic response. ACTG 241 Protocol Virology Substudy Team. Ann Intern Med. 1997 Jun 15;126(12):929-38. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-126-12-199706150-00001.