Clinical trial NCT06631248: Effects of Coordinative Exercise on Physical Fitness, Motor Competence, and Inhibitory Control in Preschoolers
Official title: The Effects of Structured Coordinative Exercise Protocol on Physical Fitness, Motor Competence and Inhibitory Control in Preschool Children
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Motor Skills
Inhibitory Control
Physical Fitness
Keywords: coordination
exercise
preschool children
Lead sponsor: Namik Kemal University
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University
First posted: 2024-10-08
Enrollment: 41
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 5
Maximum age (years): 6
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Intervention model description: The research was divided into groups according to the convenience sampling method. Convenience sampling is a non-random sampling method in which the sample to be selected from the main mass is determined by the judgement of the researcher. In convenience sampling, data are collected from the main mass in the easiest, fastest and most economical way \[73,74\]. At this point, two classes in the same kindergarten, which accepted to participate in the study and met the conditions for participation in the study, was assigned as the control group (CG; n= 23) and the other class as the exercise group (EG; n= 18).
Primary purpose: OTHER

Brief summary: The goal of this study was to determine whether a structured coordinative exercise program could improve physical fitness, motor competence, and inhibitory control in preschool children. The main questions it aimed to answer were:

Does the exercise program improve children's physical fitness (agility, balance, vertical jump)? Does it enhance motor competence, particularly hand-eye coordination and balance? Does it affect inhibitory control, a key component of cognitive function? Researchers compared children who participated in an 8-week exercise program to those who followed their regular school activities.

Participants:

Took part in two 30-minute exercise sessions per week for 8 weeks Were assessed before and after the intervention on physical fitness, motor competence, and inhibitory control The study found significant improvements in physical fitness and motor competence, but no significant changes in inhibitory control.

Detailed description: Scope and Content of the Study

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a structured coordinative exercise protocol aimed at improving physical fitness, motor competence, and inhibitory control in preschool children. Early childhood is considered a critical period for both physical and cognitive development. During this phase, enhancing motor skills and physical fitness forms a crucial foundation for long-term health, social adaptation, and academic success. However, these developmental opportunities may be missed if children do not engage in sufficient levels of physical activity. In this context, the study sought to investigate the effects of exercise interventions that support both motor and cognitive skills in preschool-aged children.

The main goal of the study was to examine how coordinative exercises improve physical fitness and motor competence in preschool children. Additionally, the study explored the impact of these exercises on inhibitory control, a cognitive skill related to attention and impulse control. Inhibitory control is especially important during the preschool years, as it directly affects children\&amp;amp;#39;s learning processes and social interactions, serving as a key component of executive functions.

Research Protocol and Exercise Intervention

This study was conducted with 41 children, who were randomly assigned to two groups: an exercise group and a control group. The exercise group participated in an 8-week program, consisting of 30-minute sessions twice a week. The program was designed to improve various motor skills such as balance, hand-eye coordination, jumping, and locomotor abilities through play-based activities. The control group continued with their regular school curriculum without additional physical activity interventions.

The exercise protocol included open-ended tasks that progressively moved from simple to complex, requiring movement planning. These play-based exercises aimed to create an engaging and active environment in which children could participate socially. The coordinative exercises focused on supporting a wide range of motor movements and control mechanisms, encouraging the coordination of different body components in harmony.

Assessed Parameters

In the study, children\&amp;amp;#39;s physical fitness, motor competence, and inhibitory control were assessed both before and after the intervention:

Physical fitness was measured through tests of balance, agility, and vertical jumping.

Motor competence was evaluated using the KTK3+ test battery, which includes tasks such as hand-eye coordination, balancing, and jumping sideways.

Inhibitory control was measured using the Go/No-Go test from the Early Years Toolbox, assessing how well children manage attention and control impulses.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Typically developing children
* Participants must not be taking medication
* Must not have any cardiovascular, neurological, orthopaedic or psychiatric disease
* Must be between 5-6 years of age

Exclusion Criteria:

* Having any cardiovascular, neurological, orthopaedic or psychiatric disease
* Having intellectual disability
* Not being between 5-6 years old

Primary outcomes:
measure: Changes in Motor Competence: KTK3+ Backward Balancing (number of repetitions)
timeFrame: before and at the end of the 8-week intervention.
measure: Changes in Motor Competence: KTK3+ Move Sideways (Number of repetitions within 20 seconds)
timeFrame: before and at the end of the 8-week intervention.
measure: Changes in Motor Competence: KTK3+ Jumping Sideways (Number of repetitions within 15 seconds)
timeFrame: before and at the end of the 8-week intervention.
measure: Changes in Motor Competence: KTK3+ Eye-Hand Coordination Task (Number of repetitions within 30 seconds)
timeFrame: before and at the end of the 8-week intervention.
measure: Changes in Counter Movement Jump Performance, (Highest jump height (cm))
timeFrame: before and at the end of the 8-week intervention.
measure: Changes in Balance Performance - Static Balance (%)
timeFrame: before and at the end of the 8-week intervention.
measure: Changes in Balance Performance - Dynamic Balance (%)
timeFrame: before and at the end of the 8-week intervention.
measure: Changes in Agility (time to complete the test - in seconds)
timeFrame: before and at the end of the 8-week intervention.
measure: Changes in Inhibitory Control
timeFrame: before and at the end of the 8-week intervention.
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Tekirdag
country: Turkey
facility: Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Sports Sciences Research and Development Centre
state: Suleymanpasa
Study officials:
References:
citation: Chang YK, Tsai YJ, Chen TT, Hung TM. The impacts of coordinative exercise on executive function in kindergarten children: an ERP study. Exp Brain Res. 2013 Mar;225(2):187-96. doi: 10.1007/s00221-012-3360-9. Epub 2012 Dec 13.
citation: Borioni F, Biino V, Tinagli V, Pesce C. Effects of Baby Swimming on Motor and Cognitive Development: A Pilot Trial. Percept Mot Skills. 2022 Aug;129(4):977-1000. doi: 10.1177/00315125221090203. Epub 2022 Apr 26.