Clinical trial NCT02346799: Creating Exercise Habits Through Incentives for Routines
Official title: Creating Exercise Habits Through Incentives for Routines
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Body Weight
Lead sponsor: University of Pennsylvania
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Harvard University
name: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
First posted: 2015-01-27
Enrollment: 2702
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether healthy habits can be formed more effectively when people are rewarded for repeated engagement in a given healthy behavior at a specific, routinized time each day rather than at any time.

Detailed description: The investigators seek to examine the effect of incentives for routine exercise on the development of persistent exercise habits. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to determine whether healthy habits can be formed more effectively when people are rewarded for repeated engagement in a given healthy behavior at a specific, routinized time each day rather than at any time. Through a partnership with a Fortune-500 company, the investigators plan to run a large-scale, randomized field controlled trial with approximately 3,000-4,000 participants aimed at increasing exercise rates (as measured by gym visits). During an incentivized four week intervention period, the investigators will encourage participants to select a two-hour window during the day when they feel they are most willing and able to exercise. Depending on condition, participants will \[a\] receive no further instruction or incentives (control condition), \[b\] receive a $3 or $7 bonus for each day they exercise during the incentive period (flexible incentive condition), or \[c\] receive a $3 or $7 bonus for each day they exercise if and only if they exercise within their specified "workout window" (routine incentive condition). Additionally, participants in a fourth condition, the social routine incentive condition, will face the same incentives as those in the routine incentive condition, but will be required to coordinate the workout window they select with a partner in their office. The investigators predict that the less flexible incentives will lead to greater habit formation than flexible incentives, producing larger and longer-lasting increases in exercise post-intervention. The investigators further predict that coordinating with a workout partner will produce even stronger habit formation. The investigators will collect and analyze data from participants' worksite gyms, which track gym entries and exits, as well as pedometer data when available.

Our experiment will recruit employees at a Fortune-500 company who wish to exercise more. Recruitment will be done through an email and poster campaign. The registration stage will take approximately four weeks. All employees at all offices with on-site gyms will be eligible to enroll and upon enrollment will be asked to select a partner who works in the same office and who is also enrolling. Enrolling employees will also be asked to indicate their preferred daily workout time (a two hour "workout window") and to provide basic demographic and exercise-related information (e.g., gender, age, height, weight, number of gym visits per week). If registration exceeds the target sample size (4,000 employees), priority for enrollment will be given to employees who do not already exercise regularly (at least twice a week). The remaining participants will be assigned to a "holdout control" condition. Once registration is closed, participants will be assigned randomly (at the pairs level) to one of the four experimental conditions.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants must be full-time employees of partner company

Exclusion Criteria:

* N/A

Primary outcomes:
measure: Average weekly number of 30+ minute visits to company gym
timeFrame: Up to one year
measure: Duration of habit
timeFrame: Up to one year
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Activity level as measured by Fitbit pedometers
timeFrame: Up to one year
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Philadelphia
country: United States
facility: University of Pennsylvania
state: Pennsylvania
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Pennsylvania
name: Katherine L Milkman, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: