Clinical trial NCT06727500: Effects of HIIT and Concurrent HITT/Plyometric Training on Muscle-tendon Structure, Function and Metabolism in Pediatric Population with Obesity At Different Biological Maturation States (HIIT-PRO Kids).
Official title: Effects of HIIT and Concurrent HITT/Plyometric Training on Muscle-tendon Structure, Function and Metabolism in Pediatric Population with Obesity At Different Biological Maturation States (HIIT-PRO Kids): a Study Protocol of Randomized Controlled Trial
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Phase: NA
Conditions: Pediatric Obesity
Training Effectiveness
Keywords: Pediatric obesity
High-intensity interval training
Tendon mechanical properties
Plyometric training
Biological maturation stages
Lead sponsor: Universidad Nacional Andres Bello
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2024-12-11
Enrollment: 40
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 7
Maximum age (years): 17
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The randomized controlled trial will compare the effects of a High-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocol versus a HIIT plus plyometric training in the muscle-tendon structure function and metabolism of the pediatric population with obesity at different biological maturational stages (pre-to-age peak velocity \[APHV\] and post-APHV). Both groups perform baseline evaluations of the main and secondary outcomes and receive the intervention for twelve weeks, three times per week. Once the interventions are completed, the participants undergo the same evaluations they performed at baseline.

Detailed description: The prevalence of pediatric obesity increased 4.2-fold between 1976 and 2022, and it's expected to continue increasing toward 2030. Pediatric obesity is a public health problem due to its multiple metabolic comorbidities. Moreover, body weight and fat infiltration due to pediatric obesity negatively affect muscle-tendon structure, function, and metabolism, negatively impacting physical activity levels, active play, functional performance (e.g., jumping capacity), and quality of life. As a solution, HIIT protocols could decrease body weight and fat percentage and increase muscle oxidative capacity. The addition of plyometric training to HIIT protocols could generate the same effects as the HIIT protocol alone, with an additional enhancement in functional performance. However, the influence of biological maturation stages in the adaptations to training in pediatric population with obesity has been scarcely reported. Thus, throughout different biological maturation stages, such as pre-to-age peak velocity (APHV) (early stage of biological maturation) to post-APHV (final stage of biological maturation stage), an increase in testosterone, growth factors, and glycolytic metabolism capacity occurs. Therefore, the differences in the anabolic milieu and glycolytic metabolism between the pre-APHV and post-APHV could produce a differential capacity of training stimuli to modify the muscle-tendon, structure, function, and metabolism in these pediatric population with obesity. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effects of HIIT and concurrent HIIT and plyometric training in the muscle-tendon structure, function, and metabolism of the pediatric population with obesity in different maturation stages.

The study will be a parallel-group randomized controlled trial that compares the effects of HIIT versus HIIT plus plyometric training on muscle-tendon structure, function, and metabolism in the pediatric population pre-APHV and post-APHV with obesity in a public health setting. The primary outcome will be the Achilles tendon mechanical properties. We estimate a sample size of 10 participants per group and 40 in total.

The investigators aim to demonstrate the beneficial effects of HIIT plus plyometric training on the muscle-tendon structure and metabolism of the pediatric obesity population. Moreover, the researchers expected a difference in the adaptations provided by the training protocol between the pre-APHV and post-APHV groups.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pediatric population with obesity determined by the body mass index by z-score (BMI-z) ≥ 2 standard deviations (SD) and ≤ 3.5 SD of the median for age and sex.
* Pediatric population with -1 to -3 APHV (pre-APHV) and +1 to +3 APHV (post-APHV).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cognitive Disabilities.
* Musculoskeletal condition that prevents regular physical activity.
* Severe heart diseases that contraindicate the practice of physical activity.
* Individuals who perform supervised exercise in the past six months.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Achilles Tendon Stiffnes (N/mm)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Achilles Tendon Young Modulus
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Achilles Tendon Force (N)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Achilles Tendon Elongation (mm)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Achilles Tendon Stress (MPa)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Achilles Tendon Strain (%)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Gastrocnemius Medialis Thickness (mm)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Gastrocnemius Medialis Pennation Angle (°)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Gastrocnemius Medialis Fascicle Length (mm)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Gastrocnemius Medialis Echo-Intensity (U.A).
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Plantar Flexors Maximal Isometric Voluntary Contraction (Nm)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Plantar Flexors Rate of Force Development (Nm/s)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Maxymal Oxygen Consumption (ml/kg/min)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Oxygen Uptake Kinetics (s)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Muscle oxygenation kinetics
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Lipid Profile
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Glycemic Control
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Low-gradde Inflammation
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Blood Pressure
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Standing Broad Jump (cm)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Squat Jump (cm)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Countermovement Jump
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Skeletal Muscle Mass (kg)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Fat mass (kg)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Fat mass percent (%)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Visceral Adipose Tissue (cm2)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Body weight (kg)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Body Height (cm)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Body Mass Index (Kg/m2)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Waist circumference (cm)
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Waist-to-height ratio
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Measurement of Quality of Life
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Physical Literacy
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Enjoyment
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Maturity Offset
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
measure: Physical Activity Levels
timeFrame: Previous (T0) and posterior to twelve weeks of training (T12).
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Santiago
country: Chile
facility: Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
Study officials:
References: