Clinical trial NCT02986347: Surgical Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Local Anesthesia With Epinephrine x Intravenous Regional Anesthesia.
Official title: Surgical Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Local Anesthesia With Epinephrine x Intravenous Regional Anesthesia. Randomized Clinical Trial.
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Anesthesia
Lead sponsor: Hospital Alvorada
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Federal University of São Paulo
First posted: 2016-12-08
Enrollment: 78
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH

Brief summary: The anesthetic technique of choice for surgical treatment of CTS varies among surgeons. In the last decade some studies have described the performance of this surgery using local anesthesia with adrenaline without the necessity of sedation or the use of pneumatic garrote, having good effectiveness and substantial reduction of costs. However there is need for studies with an appropriate design and methodology to evaluate the actual effectiveness of this kind of anesthesia for the surgical treatment of CTS.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and cost of open surgery for CTS in a randomized trial comparing two anesthesia methods: intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier) and local anesthesia with adrenaline without limb garroting (Lalondi).

Methods: This study was developed in the Group of Hand Surgery and Upper Limb; Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP / EPM with co-participation of the Hand Surgery and Microsurgery Department of Hospital Alvorada. This study will be a Randomized Clinical Trial. The previous calculation of the sample resulted in 78 patients. The following primary outcomes will be assessed: Pain through visual analogue scale (VAS). Costs: Costs related to anesthetic and surgical procedures will be recorded. The secondary outcomes will be: Use of Analgesics, Anxiety and Depression through the HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) scale. Quality of life through the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ). Remission of paresthesia after surgical intervention, complications and failures.

Detailed description: Surgical treatment of CTS is most often performed under hospital conditions, with the use of anesthesia. The anesthetic technique of choice varies among surgeons. In the last decade some studies have described the performance of this surgery using local anesthesia with adrenaline without the necessity of sedation or the use of pneumatic garrote, having good effectiveness and substantial reduction of costs for the procedure with this anesthetic method. However, when we evaluated the level and strength of the evidence from these studies, we notice that there is a need for studies with an appropriate design and methodology to evaluate the actual effectiveness of this kind of anesthesia for the surgical treatment of CTS.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of open surgery for CTS in a randomized trial comparing two anesthesia methods: intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier) and local anesthesia with adrenaline without limb garroting (Lalondi).

Methods: This study was developed in the Group of Hand Surgery and Upper Limb; Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP / EPM with co-participation of the Hand Surgery and Microsurgery Department of the Medical Residency Service in Hand Surgery of Hospital Alvorada. This study will be a Randomized Clinical Trial. The previous calculation of the sample resulted in the need for total inclusion of 35 patients in each group, total of 70 patients, considering a loss of 10% during follow-up we will include 78 patients. The following primary outcomes will be assessed: Pain through visual analogue scale (VAS), that, will be measured in the pre-operative, transoperatory, immediate postoperative, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours after surgery. Costs: Costs related to anesthetic and surgical procedures will be recorded. The secondary outcomes will be: Use of Analgesics, Anxiety and Depression through the HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) scale. Quality of life through the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ). Remission of paresthesia after surgical intervention, complications and failures.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients older than 18 years of age, with idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome with indication for surgery due to failure of conservative treatment for at least three months or that presented at the initial diagnosis with motor impairment detected by clinical examination (hypotrophy) and/or by electromyography (ENMG) examination.
* The diagnosis of CTS will be made through the clinical evaluation in which CTS patients will be considered, those who present at least four of the clinical criteria proposed and proven by the electromyography examination.

Clinical Criteria for CTS - (At least 4 criteria will be required for clinical confirmation of the diagnosis)

1. Paresthesia in the territory of the median nerve
2. Night paresthesia of the hand
3. Decreased strength with hypotrophy of the musculature tenar
4. Positive tinnitus sign on the wrist
5. Positive Phalen test
6. Loss of 2-point discrimination in the region innervated by the median nerve

   * Patients who agree to participate, after having been adequately informed about the nature of the study, and have reading and signed the informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with prior history of cervical spine diseases (radiculopathies, arthrosis),
* Pregnant women and puerperal women,
* Patients with sequelae of previous wrist and hand surgeries,
* Other upper limb compressive syndromes and scapular girdles will be excluded

Primary outcomes:
measure: Change in pain through Pain visual analogue scale
timeFrame: Before the treatment and after the treatment (intraoperative and after the treatment:immediate postoperative, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours after the end of surgery.
Secondary outcomes:
measure: The total costs of carpal tunnel syndrome surgical treatment will be tracked over the duration of the study to determine the cost-effectiveness of providing a Local Anesthesia With Epinephrine versus a Intravenous Regional Anesthesia.
timeFrame: 3 months
measure: Change of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ)
timeFrame: preoperatively and 12 weeks post-operation
measure: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
timeFrame: preoperatively and 12 weeks post-operation
measure: Remission or not of paresthesia until the third month
timeFrame: preoperatively and 12 weeks post-operation
measure: Record and evaluate all complications associated with the surgical procedure
timeFrame: 12 weeks post-operation
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: São Paulo
country: Brazil
facility: Aldo Okamura
Study officials:
affiliation: Hospital Alvorada de Moema
name: Aldo Okamura, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Mckee DE, Lalonde DH, Thoma A, Dickson L. Achieving the optimal epinephrine effect in wide awake hand surgery using local anesthesia without a tourniquet. Hand (N Y). 2015 Dec;10(4):613-5. doi: 10.1007/s11552-015-9759-6. Epub 2015 Apr 14.
citation: Davison PG, Cobb T, Lalonde DH. The patient's perspective on carpal tunnel surgery related to the type of anesthesia: a prospective cohort study. Hand (N Y). 2013 Mar;8(1):47-53. doi: 10.1007/s11552-012-9474-5.
citation: Lalonde D, Bell M, Benoit P, Sparkes G, Denkler K, Chang P. A multicenter prospective study of 3,110 consecutive cases of elective epinephrine use in the fingers and hand: the Dalhousie Project clinical phase. J Hand Surg Am. 2005 Sep;30(5):1061-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2005.05.006.
citation: Levine DW, Simmons BP, Koris MJ, Daltroy LH, Hohl GG, Fossel AH, Katz JN. A self-administered questionnaire for the assessment of severity of symptoms and functional status in carpal tunnel syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993 Nov;75(11):1585-92. doi: 10.2106/00004623-199311000-00002.
citation: Leblanc MR, Lalonde J, Lalonde DH. A detailed cost and efficiency analysis of performing carpal tunnel surgery in the main operating room versus the ambulatory setting in Canada. Hand (N Y). 2007 Dec;2(4):173-8. doi: 10.1007/s11552-007-9043-5. Epub 2007 May 30.
citation: Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983 Jun;67(6):361-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x.
citation: Robles DS, Esteves S, Liça M, Lopes D, Lima S, Sousa C. Tratamento da síndrome do túnel cárpico:anestesia geral versus local?. Rev Port Ortop e Traum 23(3):217-224, 2015.
citation: Okamura A, Moraes VY, Fernandes M, Raduan-Neto J, Belloti JC. WALANT versus intravenous regional anesthesia for carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Sao Paulo Med J. 2021 Oct 11;139(6):576-578. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0583.R2.0904221. eCollection 2021.