Clinical trial NCT06994442: Optimizing Pain Treatment in Children On Mechanical Ventilation
Official title: Optimizing Pain Treatment in Children On Mechanical Ventilation
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: Mechanical Ventilation
Pediatric Acute Respiratory Failure
Analgesics, Opioid
Sedation and Analgesia
Keywords: Acetaminophen
Ketorolac
Non-opioids
Acute Respiratory Failure in Children
Mechanically Ventilated Children in the ICU
Pediatric Delirium
Pain Treatment
opioids
sedation
Lead sponsor: Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
First posted: 2025-05-29
Enrollment: 644
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 2
Maximum age (years): 17
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: FACTORIAL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: In this clinical trial, investigators want to learn more about using non-opioid pain medications for children with acute respiratory failure. Right now, doctors give these children opioids to help with pain while they are on the ventilator, but investigators don't know if this is the best way to manage their pain. Even with strong doses of opioids, more than 90% of these children still feel pain. Other pain medicines, like acetaminophen (also called Tylenol) and ketorolac (also called Toradol), are available but aren't commonly used because we don't know if they help. The goal of this clinical trial is to test if acetaminophen and/or ketorolac can improve pain control and reduce the need for stronger pain medications (opioids) in these children.

To learn more about this, participants will be randomly placed in one of four study treatment groups. This means that a computer will decide by chance which group each participant is in, not the doctors running the study. Each group will receive a combination of intravenous acetaminophen, ketorolac or a harmless substance called a placebo. In this clinical trial, placebos help investigators see if the actual medications (acetaminophen and ketorolac) work better than something that doesn't contain medicine. By comparing participants who get the real medicine with those who get the placebo, investigators can find out if these medications effectively decrease pain.

Detailed description: The OPTICOM (Optimizing Pain Treatment In Children On Mechanical Ventilation) study is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial designed to improve pain management and reduce opioid exposure in critically ill children requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) for acute respiratory failure (ARF).

More than 24,000 children annually in the United States require MV for ARF, yet current analgesic management relies heavily on opioids, often resulting in suboptimal pain control and significant risks including physiological dependence, withdrawal, delirium, and prolonged hospitalization. Despite the high-dose opioid use, over 90% of these children experience inadequate pain relief. There are currently no evidence-based, pediatric-specific guidelines to optimize analgesia in this population.

OPTICOM will evaluate whether the administration of intravenous acetaminophen (IV-A) and/or intravenous ketorolac (IV-K), as non-opioid adjuncts, can reduce pain and opioid exposure in this vulnerable population. A total of approximately 644 participants aged 2 months to 17 years 6 months, requiring MV and opioid infusions, will be randomized in a 1:1:1:1 ratio into one of four treatment arms: (1) IV-A + placebo, (2) IV-K + placebo, (3) IV-A + IV-K, or (4) placebo + placebo. Study drugs will be administered for a maximum of 5 days. Opioid and benzodiazepine use will continue as open-label per local standard of care.

The study employs a factorial design with stratified randomization by site. The analysis plan includes multivariable Poisson regression models to evaluate the independent and combined effects of IV-A and IV-K on primary and secondary outcomes. Sample size calculations provide \>90% power to detect meaningful differences in pain control and opioid reduction.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. At least 2 months of age to 17 years 6 months; AND
2. Acute Respiratory Failure requiring endotracheal intubation; AND
3. Opioid infusion planned or started; AND
4. Expected duration of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation \> 48 hours

Exclusion Criteria:

1. History of allergic-type reaction to either acetaminophen or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) medications; OR
2. Active peptic ulcer disease, recent gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation, or history of peptic ulcer disease or gastrointestinal bleeding; OR
3. Expected need for continuous neuromuscular blockade for more than 24 hours following intubation; OR
4. Requirement for tight temperature control (defined as the requirement for continuous administration of antipyretic medications to prevent secondary injuries associated with fever); OR
5. Platelet count \< 100,000/microliter; OR
6. Known liver disease (defined as pre-existing diagnosis of hepatic insufficiency, or a serum ALT \> 5 times upper limit of normal or serum total bilirubin \> 2 times the upper limit of normal, as defined by hospital laboratory standards); OR
7. Known kidney disease (defined as pre-existing diagnosis of renal insufficiency, or an estimated creatinine clearance \< 30 mL/min/m2 obtained within the previous 24-hours prior to eligibility, or high risk of renal failure due to volume depletion); OR
8. Current treatment with extracorporeal therapies (e.g., ECMO, CVVH, plasma exchange); OR
9. Cardiac bypass surgery within the past 24 hours prior to eligibility; OR
10. Requirement for the patient to receive lithium, pentoxifylline or probenecid as part of their routine care; OR
11. Unable to obtain consent and randomize within 12 hours of eligibility, OR
12. Positive pregnancy test; OR
13. Coma, Vegetative State, or Brain Death (PCPC score of 5 or 6) suspected or confirmed; OR
14. Cardiac arrest has occurred within 72 hours of eligibility criteria being met; OR
15. Limitations in care in place at the time of eligibility, or anticipated to be considered during the 5-day study period, OR
16. Use of high dose NSAIDS within the prior 6 months, OR
17. Suspected or confirmed cerebrovascular bleeding or hemorrhagic diathesis

Primary outcomes:
measure: Acute Pain Episodes
timeFrame: First 5 days of mechanical ventilation or until extubation, whichever comes first
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Opioid Exposure
timeFrame: First 5 days of mechanical ventilation or until extubation, whichever comes first
measure: Benzodiazepine Exposure
timeFrame: First 5 days of mechanical ventilation or until extubation, whichever comes first
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Little Rock
country: United States
facility: Arkansas Children's Hospital
state: Arkansas
city: Washington
country: United States
facility: Children's National Hospital
state: District of Columbia
city: Ann Arbor
country: United States
facility: University of Michigan
state: Michigan
city: Detroit
country: United States
facility: Children's Hospital of Michigan
state: Michigan
city: Minneapolis
country: United States
facility: University of Minnesota
state: Minnesota
city: Durham
country: United States
facility: Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center
state: North Carolina
city: Cleveland
country: United States
facility: Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital
state: Ohio
city: Columbus
country: United States
facility: Nationwide Children's Hospital
state: Ohio
city: Hershey
country: United States
facility: Penn State Health/Hershey Medical Center
state: Pennsylvania
city: Philadelphia
country: United States
facility: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
state: Pennsylvania
city: Pittsburgh
country: United States
facility: University of Pittsburgh
state: Pennsylvania
city: Charleston
country: United States
facility: Medical University of South Carolina
state: South Carolina
city: Houston
country: United States
facility: Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine
state: Texas
city: Salt Lake City
country: United States
facility: Primary Children's Medical Center
state: Utah
city: Milwaukee
country: United States
facility: Wisconsin Children's
state: Wisconsin
Study officials:
affiliation: Weill Medical College of Cornell University
name: Chani Traube, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: