Clinical trial NCT06440447: EXploring Patterns of Use and Effects of Adult Day Programs to Improve Trajectories of Continuing CarE
Official title: EXploring Patterns of Use and Effects of Adult Day Programs to Improve Trajectories of Continuing CarE (EXPEDITE)
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Conditions: Adult Day Programs
Continuing Care
Old Age; Dementia
Family/friend Caregivers
Keywords: Adult day programs
Older adults
Program evaluation
Cohort studies
Health administrative data
Lead sponsor: York University
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Carswell Family Foundation
name: Alzheimer Society of York Region
First posted: 2024-06-03
Enrollment: 500000
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 65
Standard ages: OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: RETROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: The study focuses on community care systems in Alberta, British Columbia, and Manitoba, all of which assess day program eligibility using comparable processes, criteria, and assessments (i.e. RAI-HC). The yearly average number of completed RAI-HC assessments is \~20,000-30,000 in Alberta, \~34,000-39,000 in British Columbia, and \~10,000 in Manitoba. The estimated number of day program attendees is \>20,000/year (\>200,000 within the study period), each with multiple assessments.

Brief summary: This study seeks to understand the impact of Canada's adult day program on attendees and non-attendees, especially those with dementia and other co-morbidities. A retrospective cohort study will be conducted, including older adults in the community who do or do not attend adult day programs in Alberta, British Columbia, and Manitoba, Canada. The objectives are to (1) compare patterns of day program use (including non-use) by Canadian province (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba), and time, (2) compare characteristics of older adults by day program use pattern (including non-use), province, and time, and (3) to examine whether those who are exposed to day programs, compared to a propensity-score matched comparison group of non-exposed older adults in the community, enter long-term care homes at later times (primary outcome), are less likely to have depressive symptoms, physical and cognitive change, and have lower use of primary, acute, and emergency care (secondary outcomes).

Detailed description: Adult day programs provide critical supports to both, older adults living in the community, and their family/friend caregivers. This is essential because ensuring high-quality care in the community for as long as possible and avoiding or delaying long-term care home admissions are key priorities of older adults, their caregivers, and healthcare systems. While most older adults in Canada receive care in the community, about 10% of newly admitted nursing home residents have relatively low care needs that could be met in the community with the right supports. Caregivers provide most of the care in the community, which puts them at high risk for caregiver burden. Day programs intend to mitigate these issues by providing respite to caregivers. However, research on the effectiveness of day programs is inconsistent. Generally, the methodological quality of studies is poor, and especially Canadian research is lacking. The research objectives are to (1) explore changes in patterns of day program use (including non-use) between provinces and over time, (2) compare characteristics of older adults with different day program use patterns (including non-use), and (3) assess whether day program attendees compared to a propensity score matched control group of non-attendees have better outcomes. This retrospective cohort study will use population-based clinical and health administrative data of older adults (65+ years) who received publicly subsidized continuing care in the community in Alberta, British Columbia, and Manitoba between January 01, 2012 and December 31, 2024. Patterns of day program use (i.e., variations in time to attend a day program for the first time, and frequency and duration of attendance) and how these patterns vary by province and over time will be assessed. Characteristics of older adults with different patterns of day program use (e.g., no, low, medium, high) will be compared. Characteristics of the participants will include age, sex, dementia status, frailty level, comorbidity status, socioeconomic status, availability of a caregiver, and caregiver distress. Finally, propensity-matched comparison group (by region, age, gender, cognitive/physical impairment, type/duration of community care received previously) of older adults who have not attended a day program will be created. Time-to-event models and general estimating equations will assess whether day program attendees compared to non-attendees enter continuing care facilities later (primary outcome); use emergency, acute, or primary care less frequently; experience less cognitive and physical decline; and have better mental health (secondary outcomes). Models will include day program exposure as an independent variable and will be adjusted for province, participant demographics, medical and functional conditions, caregiver availability/distress, other community services received (e.g., home care, in-home respite), and (if appropriate) matching variables.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria:

* Persons aged 65 years and over
* Initial RAI-HC assessment completed
* Attendance of an adult day program (for cohort 1)
* Receipt of any community-based continuing care services, other than adult day program (cohort 2)

Exclusion criteria:

- No receipt of any community-based continuing care service

Primary outcomes:
measure: Time to admission to a long-term care homes
timeFrame: From date of home care admission until the date of admission to a long-term care home or loss to follow up (i.e., death, move out of province), whichever came first, assessed up to 12 years (between Jan 31, 2012 and Dec 31, 2024)
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Symptoms of depression
timeFrame: Baseline (date of home care admission) and annually until study end (Dec 31, 2024) or loss to follow up, whichever came first
measure: Presence or absence of physical decline
timeFrame: Baseline (date of home care admission) and annually until study end (Dec 31, 2024) or loss to follow up, whichever came first
measure: Presence or absence of cognitive decline
timeFrame: Baseline (date of home care admission) and annually until study end (Dec 31, 2024) or loss to follow up, whichever came first
measure: Emergency room registrations
timeFrame: Baseline (date of home care admission) and annually until study end (Dec 31, 2024) or loss to follow up, whichever came first
measure: Hospital stays
timeFrame: Baseline (date of home care admission) and annually until study end (Dec 31, 2024) or loss to follow up, whichever came first
measure: Primary care provider visits
timeFrame: Baseline (date of home care admission) and annually until study end (Dec 31, 2024) or loss to follow up, whichever came first
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
affiliation: York University
name: Matthias Hoben, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
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