Clinical trial NCT04026217: Diaphragm Ultrasound as a Powerful Tool in Managing Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure in Hematological Patients
Official title: Evaluation of Diaphragmatic Function in Hematological Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: SUSPENDED
Conditions: Respiratory Failure
Diaphragm Injury
Ultrasound
Mechanical Ventilation Complication
Lead sponsor: Azienda Sanitaria-Universitaria Integrata di Udine
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2019-07-19
Enrollment: 30
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Hematologic patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure

Brief summary: Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to parenchymal disfunction is one of the main complications of immunocompromised hematological patients. Mechanical ventilation is frequently needed and diaphragm activity has to be assessed not to worsen ventilator-induced lung injury.

Detailed description: Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to parenchymal disfunction is one of the main complications of immunocompromised hematological patients. In these cohort of patients mechanical ventilation is frequently needed in order to restore oxygenation and normocapnia. Since every positive-pressure ventilation regimen may potentially determine pulmonary complications, due to alteration in pressure and volume lung homeostasis and diaphragm activity, also diaphragm function has to be assessed not to worsen ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Main targets of VILI are pulmonary interstitium and diaphragm.

Pulmonary interstitium is frequently involved in different mechanism of injury, that derive both from induced tidal volume and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). Indeed, large tidal volumes generated during assisted spontaneous breathing may configure non-protective ventilation regimens and the so called "pendelluft phenomenon", that is the intrinsic flow of air within the lung from nondependent to dependent regions without changes in tidal volume, may affect inadequate PEEP values.

Positive-pressure ventilation may also alter diaphragm activity. Recent data show that diaphragm disfunction, considered as an enhanced or reduced thickening fraction, occurs in about 65% of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.

Since the potential harm of positive-pressure ventilation, the optimization of mechanical ventilation is pivotal to ensure an adequate time-to-recovery without concurring to the onset of further lung and diaphragmatic injury. Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) is a recent modality of mechanical ventilation that delivers ventilatory assistance according to the respiratory effort of the patient, measured by electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi). NAVA works proportionally with EAdi values, ensuring a better neuroventilatory efficiency compared to other mechanical ventilation modes and also reducing patient-ventilator asynchrony. According to these features NAVA protocol may be useful in preserving gas exchanges and diaphragm function both in invasive and non-invasive ventilation.

Therefore the evaluation of basal diaphragm activity, the choice of the device for oxygen support administration and the setting of ventilatory parameters may influence hospital stay and outcome of patients affected by acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the basal diaphragm activity of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure patients admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and to record diaphragm activity modifications during the ICU stay in relation to the optimization of medical therapy and, if necessary, according to the need of ventilatory support (invasive or non-invasive ventilation delivered with NAVA protocol).

This study intends to register also daily diaphragm thickening fraction, daily arterial blood gas analysis, failure frequency of non-invasive ventilation, frequency of tracheal intubation, length of mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay and hospital mortality.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Hypoxemic respiratory failure in hematological patients (PaO2 \< 70 mmHg or P/F \< 150)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with positive-pressure ventilation regimen of high flow nasal cannula prior to ICU admission
* Unstable clinical condition (use of vasopressors, acute coronary syndrome...)
* Refusal of treatment or informed consent
* Agitation (RASS ≥+2) or lack of collaboration (Kelly Matthay ≥ 5)
* Multiple organ failure
* Enrollment in other study protocols

Primary outcomes:
measure: Diaphragm thickening fraction
timeFrame: At ICU admission
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Diaphragm thickening fraction
timeFrame: From date of enrollment until the date of death from any cause or ICU discharge, assessed up to 36 months
measure: Arterial blood gas analysis
timeFrame: From date of enrollment until the date of death from any cause or ICU discharge, assessed up to 36 months
measure: Failure of non-invasive ventilation
timeFrame: From date of enrollment until the date of death from any cause or ICU discharge, assessed up to 36 months
measure: Rate of tracheal intubation
timeFrame: From date of enrollment until the date of death from any cause or ICU discharge, assessed up to 36 months
measure: Duration of positive-pressure ventilation
timeFrame: From date of enrollment until the date of death from any cause or ICU discharge, assessed up to 36 months
measure: Hospital length of stay
timeFrame: From date of in-hospital admission until the date of hospital discharge, assessed up to 36 months
measure: In-hospital mortality
timeFrame: From date of in-hospital admission until the date of death from any cause or hospital discharge, assessed up to 36 months
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Udine
country: Italy
facility: Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Clinic - Department of Medicine - ASUIUD
Study officials:
affiliation: Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Clinic - Department of Medicine - ASUIUD
name: Luigi Vetrugno, Doctor
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
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