Clinical trial NCT00263887: Alpha-1-Antitrypsin (AAT) To Treat Emphysema In AAT-Deficient Patients (EXACTLE)
Official title: Multi-center, Randomized Trial With I.V. Prolastin® to Evaluate Frequency of Exacerbations and Progression of Emphysema by Means of Multi-slice CT Scans in Patients With Congenital Alpha-1-antitrypsin Deficiency.
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Keywords: alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor
alpha1 proteinase inhibitor
congenital emphysema
replacement therapy
Lead sponsor: Grifols Therapeutics LLC
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2005-12-09
Enrollment: 77
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The goal of this trial was to explore the utility of evaluating emphysema progression through CT scans measuring lung density during a 2 year period of weekly infusions of either placebo or human alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT; Prolastin®). Exacerbation data recorded in patient diaries were also collected. All efficacy data were analyzed for potential use in evaluating Prolastin efficacy in this and other clinical trials.

Detailed description: This is a one to one randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical, exploratory study with the aim of collecting information on possible clinical endpoints i.e., the progression of emphysema by lung density measurements with CT scan and frequency of exacerbations that could be used for a subsequent placebo controlled clinical trial. Progression of disease will be investigated in 80 patients with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, who will be treated with human alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT; Prolastin®) or placebo weekly for two years to analyze the effect of treatment on lung density and exacerbations. Targeted augmentation therapy with weekly infusions of Prolastin® will be a dose of 60 mg/kg body weight (range of 51.72 to 71.43 mg per kg body weight).

Therefore, this study focuses on several questions:

* Is the 15th percentile point calculated by analysis of CT lung histograms a useful endpoint for clinical trials in AAT deficiency?
* Is quantitation of exacerbations in AAT-deficient patients a useful endpoint for clinical trials in AAT deficiency?
* Are there significant differences between the treatments in favor of Prolastin®?

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patient with pulmonary emphysema due to severe congenital AAT deficiency of phenotype protease inhibitor Z (PiZ) or other rare genotypes (not MS, MZ or SZ) and AAT serum level \< 11 microns (µM) or \< 80 mg/dL (status to be confirmed by phenotyping and genotyping)
* Inspiratory capacity (VC - ERV) \> 1.2 L and forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) \< 80% of predicted value post bronchodilator
* FEV1/VC \< 70% of predicted value post-bronchodilator or transfer factor of carbon monoxide (KCO) \< 80% of predicted value post-bronchodilator
* History of at least one exacerbation in the past 2 years
* Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* FEV1 \< 25% of predicted value post-bronchodilator
* Augmentation therapy for more than one month with plasma-derived human alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) within the last 2 years
* History of lung transplant
* Any lung surgery within the past 2 years
* On any thoracic surgery waiting list
* Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis
* Severe concomitant disease
* Active pulmonary infection/exacerbations within the last month
* Active smoking during the last 6 months or plasma positive for cotinine
* Body weight \< 42 kg or \> 92 kg
* Pregnancy or lactation
* Women of child-bearing potential without adequate contraception

Primary outcomes:
measure: The Progression Rate of Emphysema Determined by Change in 15th Percentile of Lung Density Measured by Annual CT Scan of the Whole Lung
timeFrame: 24 or 30 months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Change in Lung Density at Each Visit as Measured by Computed Tomography
timeFrame: 24 or 30 months
measure: The Frequency of Exacerbations as Determined by Patient Diary.
timeFrame: 24 or 30 months
measure: The Deterioration of the Lung Function Will be Assessed by Measurement of the Change in Forced Expiratory Volume at One Second (FEV1) and Transfer Factor of Carbon Monoxide (KCO)
timeFrame: 24 or 30 months
measure: Duration and Severity of the Exacerbations
timeFrame: 24 or 30 months
measure: Mortality
timeFrame: 24 or 30 months
measure: Quality of Life With a Disease Specific Instrument, the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire
timeFrame: 24 or 30 months
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Hellerup
country: Denmark
facility: Gentofte Hospital Department of Respiratory Medicine
city: Malmö
country: Sweden
facility: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Malmö University Hospital
city: Birmingham
country: United Kingdom
facility: Queen Elizabeth Hospital
state: England
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Copenhagen
name: Asger Dirksen, MD PHD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Brand P, Schulte M, Wencker M, Herpich CH, Klein G, Hanna K, Meyer T. Lung deposition of inhaled alpha1-proteinase inhibitor in cystic fibrosis and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. Eur Respir J. 2009 Aug;34(2):354-60. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00118408. Epub 2009 Feb 27.
citation: Dirksen A, Piitulainen E, Parr DG, Deng C, Wencker M, Shaker SB, Stockley RA. Exploring the role of CT densitometry: a randomised study of augmentation therapy in alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. Eur Respir J. 2009 Jun;33(6):1345-53. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00159408. Epub 2009 Feb 5.
citation: Soriano JB, Miravitlles M. Your racing horses will help you to quit: a lesson for COPD and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency research. Eur Respir J. 2009 Jun;33(6):1244-6. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00026409. No abstract available.
citation: Vijayasaratha K, Stockley RA. Relationship between frequency, length, and treatment outcome of exacerbations to baseline lung function and lung density in alpha-1 antitrypsin-deficient COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2012;7:789-96. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S31797. Epub 2012 Nov 27.
citation: Carter RI, Mumford RA, Treonze KM, Finke PE, Davies P, Si Q, Humes JL, Dirksen A, Piitulainen E, Ahmad A, Stockley RA. The fibrinogen cleavage product Aalpha-Val360, a specific marker of neutrophil elastase activity in vivo. Thorax. 2011 Aug;66(8):686-91. doi: 10.1136/thx.2010.154690. Epub 2011 May 26.
citation: Stockley RA, Parr DG, Piitulainen E, Stolk J, Stoel BC, Dirksen A. Therapeutic efficacy of alpha-1 antitrypsin augmentation therapy on the loss of lung tissue: an integrated analysis of 2 randomised clinical trials using computed tomography densitometry. Respir Res. 2010 Oct 5;11(1):136. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-136.
citation: Parr DG, Dirksen A, Piitulainen E, Deng C, Wencker M, Stockley RA. Exploring the optimum approach to the use of CT densitometry in a randomised placebo-controlled study of augmentation therapy in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Respir Res. 2009 Aug 13;10(1):75. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-10-75.