Clinical trial NCT04487847: 18F-PSMA-1007 PET Imaging to Detect Primary Prostate Cancer
Official title: 18F-PSMA-1007 PET to Detect Primary Prostate Cancer: a Comparative Study With mpMRI and Correlation to Histopathology
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE1
PHASE2
Conditions: Prostate Cancer
Keywords: Prostate cancer
Staging
PET imaging
PSMA-1007
mpMRI
Lead sponsor: Radboud University Medical Center
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: ABX advanced biochemical compounds GmbH
First posted: 2020-07-27
Enrollment: 75
Sex: MALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Intervention model description: Explorative study of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET to detect prostate cancer
Primary purpose: DIAGNOSTIC

Brief summary: To study the added value of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET to mpMRI in the detection of local prostate cancer lesions.

Detailed description: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common diagnosed malignancy in males worldwide, with over 1.2 million new patients diagnosed every year. Since the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) the primary diagnosis consisted of histologic confirmation by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) systematic biopsies. However, in recent years this has changed into performing multi-parametric MR imaging (mpMRI) prior to prostate biopsy.

MpMRI has proven to be a valuable tool to avoid unnecessary prostate biopsies and prevent over-treatment of low-grade PCa, while maintaining equal or higher detection rates of high-grade PCa. Prostate MRI is evaluated using the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PIRADS). Lesions are given a category score, from 1 (high-grade PCa is unlikely to be present) to 5 (presence of high-grade PCa is highly likely). A PIRADS 3 is an equivocal scan. Nonetheless, mpMRI has room for improvement as its specificity for high-grade tumors is only 73% and local staging is limited with mpMRI. Also, the mpMRI is frequently unclear as 4-39% of detected lesions are classified as PIRADS 3.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen receptor (PSMA) is highly overexpressed by 95% of the prostate cancer cells and seem to positively correlate to aggressiveness of the tumor. PSMA-positron emission tomography (PET) uses this feature by visualizing PSMA expressing prostate tumors. Currently, the PSMA-PET is generally used to detect recurrences or metastases. However, there is an increasing interest for PSMA-PET scans in patients with a primary diagnosis of PCa for staging purposes. Yet, there is no published data on the role of PSMA-PET on PCa prior to biopsy in comparison to the detection rate of mpMRI and histopathology.

This study aims to investigate the added value of a 18F-PSMA-PET to mpMRI in the detection of local prostate cancer lesions.

75 patients with the suspicion on prostate cancer (e.g. elevated PSA and/or abnormal digital rectal exam) will receive a 18F-PSMA-1007 PET following mpMRI. 25 patients with PIRADS 1-2 (probably benign disease), 25 patients with PIRADS 3 (equivocal disease) and 25 patients with PIRADS 4-5 (highly suspicious for malignancy) will be included in this study.

If either the mpMRI or 18F-PSMA-1007 PET shows a potential malignant lesion, a (target) biopsy will be performed.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Suspicion for PCa (e.g. elevated PSA, suspicious rectal examination)
* Males ≥ 18 years
* ECOG 0-1
* Signed informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prostate biopsy in the last 6 months
* History of prostate cancer
* Second active malignancy
* Any prior surgery in the pelvic area that might interfere with the scans (e.g. hip replacement surgery)
* Any medical condition that in the opinion of the investigator will affect patients' clinical status when participating in this trial.
* Contra-indications for mpMRI or PET: claustrophobia or inability to lay still for the duration of the exam.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Compare mpMRI,18F-PSMA-1007 PET and histopathology.
timeFrame: 30 days
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Nijmegen
country: Netherlands
facility: Radboud University
Study officials:
References:
citation: Woo S, Suh CH, Kim SY, Cho JY, Kim SH. Diagnostic Performance of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2 for Detection of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Diagnostic Meta-analysis. Eur Urol. 2017 Aug;72(2):177-188. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.01.042. Epub 2017 Feb 11.
citation: Barentsz JO, Weinreb JC, Verma S, Thoeny HC, Tempany CM, Shtern F, Padhani AR, Margolis D, Macura KJ, Haider MA, Cornud F, Choyke PL. Synopsis of the PI-RADS v2 Guidelines for Multiparametric Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Recommendations for Use. Eur Urol. 2016 Jan;69(1):41-9. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.08.038. Epub 2015 Sep 8. No abstract available.
citation: de Rooij M, Hamoen EH, Witjes JA, Barentsz JO, Rovers MM. Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Local Staging of Prostate Cancer: A Diagnostic Meta-analysis. Eur Urol. 2016 Aug;70(2):233-45. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.07.029. Epub 2015 Jul 26.
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citation: Prive BM, Israel B, Schilham MGM, Muselaers CHJ, Zamecnik P, Mulders PFA, Witjes JA, Sedelaar M, Mehra N, Verzijlbergen F, Janssen MJR, Gotthardt M, Barentsz JO, van Oort IM, Nagarajah J. Evaluating F-18-PSMA-1007-PET in primary prostate cancer and comparing it to multi-parametric MRI and histopathology. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2021 Jun;24(2):423-430. doi: 10.1038/s41391-020-00292-2. Epub 2020 Sep 30.