Clinical trial NCT04078906: SMOFlipid and Incidence of BPD in Preterm Infants
Official title: Does Parenteral Omega-3 Enriched Lipid Emulsion Reduce Incidence of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: NA
Conditions: Very Low Birth Weight Infant
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Keywords: Intravenous lipid emulsions
SMOF
Preterm Infants
Lead sponsor: University of Calgary
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2019-09-06
Enrollment: 384
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 1
Maximum age (years): 48
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: Despite many advances in neonatal care in the recent years, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) continues to be the major cause of chronic lung morbidity in infants. The pathogenesis of BPD is multifactorial; however, inflammation remains the central pathway for all risk factors. Omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-LCPUFAs) from fish oil are known to down-regulate systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Currently used soybean-based fatty acid emulsion (Intralipid) contains mainly n6-LCPUFA. Intralipid does not maintain the in-utero balanced LCPUFA accretion. Furthermore, Intralipid has been shown to increase free radical production and to be associated with BPD. A new fatty acid emulsion enriched with n3-LCPUFA (SMOFlipid) improves the fatty acid profile and reduces pro-inflammatory agents.

This project aims primarily to study whether SMOFlipid can lower the rate of BPD in preterm infants compared to Intralipid.

Detailed description: Intravenous lipid emulsions (IVLEs) is a core component of parenteral nutrition (PN) for providing calories and essential fatty acids. Until recently, Intralipid was the only available IVLE in North America. For a long time now, the use of Intralipid has been described to be associated with the development of BPD. Lack of sufficient lipid clearance in premature infants, augmented oxidative stress, deficiency of anti-inflammatory agents, and elevated pulmonary artery pressure have all shown to be potential causes for lung injury during the use of Intralipid.

Intralipid, made mainly of soybean oil, contains high amounts of n6-LCPUFA and low amounts of n3-LCPUFA. This results in prostaglandin synthesis favoring pro-inflammatory products and amplified oxidative stress. Current evidence indicates that well-balanced fatty acid supply is a crucial factor to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. The concern about unbalanced n6:n3 ratio has led to the development of novel IVLEs, like SMOFlipid. SMOFlipid is composed of a mixture of soybean oil (30%), medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) (30%), olive oil (25%) and fish oil (15%). The combination of soybean oil and fish oil allows delivering balanced LCPUFA with n6:n3 ratio of 2.5:1 and provides sufficient amounts of the preformed n3-LCPUFA.

Interventions that improve n3-LCPUFA status have been shown to reduce pulmonary inflammation in animal models.

In humans, a study on extremely preterm infants has revealed a rapid decline in the n3-LCPUFA in the first week of life despite the use of Intralipid. Early restoration of an adequate ratio of LCPUFA to inhibit inflammation has gained interest in recent years. In an observational study by Skouroliakou et al., very low birth weight infants receiving SMOFlipid within 48 hours of birth and for at least 7 days had a lower incidence of BPD compared to the Intralipid control group. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis of 8 randomized control trials (7 compared SMOFlipid to Intralipid) was conducted to evaluate safety and efficacy of fish oil-enriched IVLEs in preterm infants. Infants who received fish oil-enriched IVLEs had significantly higher RBC membrane DHA and EPA. The meta-analysis showed no difference in all-cause mortality and overall complication rate in 238 infants receiving fish oil-enriched IVLEs. However, all the studies included in this meta-analysis were small. Furthermore, the studies focused mainly on laboratory findings, and did not aim to study effect on inflammation, oxidative stress or clinical outcomes. Studies from critically ill adults in intensive care units exhibited a reduction in the duration of hospitalization and ventilator days, a risk factor for lung injury, when using n3-LCPUFA enriched IVLEs.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Preterm infants born \<30 weeks and admitted to NICU at Foothills Medical Centre in the first 24 hours of life.
* Anticipated duration of PN for \>7 days

Exclusion Criteria:

* Infants with congenital anomalies
* Infants with suspected inborn errors of metabolism or family history of inborn error of metabolism
* Perinatal asphyxia
* Evidence of congenital infection
* Primary biliary atresia

Primary outcomes:
measure: The incidence of Bronchopulmonary Disease
timeFrame: 36 weeks corrected gestational age
measure: Fatty acid profile
timeFrame: First 3 weeks of life
measure: Pro-inflammatory cytokine response
timeFrame: First 3 weeks of life
measure: Lipid peroxidation measure 1
timeFrame: First 3 weeks of life
measure: Lipid peroxidation measure 2
timeFrame: First 3 weeks of life
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Incidence of Cholestasis
timeFrame: Up to 36 weeks corrected gestational age or discharge
measure: Weight gain velocity
timeFrame: Up to 36 weeks corrected gestational age or discharge
measure: Incidence of retinopathy of prematurity
timeFrame: Up to 36 weeks corrected gestational age or discharge
measure: Incidence of moderate to severe neurodevelopmental disability
timeFrame: 18-22 months corrected gestational
measure: Incidence of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)
timeFrame: Up to 36 weeks corrected gestational age or discharge
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Calgary
country: Canada
facility: Foothills Medical Centre
state: Alberta
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Calgary
name: Belal Alshaikh, MD, MSc
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: