Clinical trial NCT05363241: Management of Knee Pain by Cooled Radiofrequency in Classical Anatomical Targets and Revised Targets
Official title: Comparison of Genicular Nerve Denervation by Cooled Radiofrequency Using Classical and Revised Anatomical Targets for Pain Management of Osteoarthritis of the Knee Osteoarthritis: Clinical Study
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: NA
Conditions: Osteoarthritis, Knee
Pain, Chronic
Analgesia
Keywords: Knee Osteoarthritis
denervation of sensory nerves of the knee
classical targets
revised targets
Lead sponsor: Universidade Federal de Alfenas
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: SINPAIN LTDA
First posted: 2022-05-05
Enrollment: 60
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 40
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and progressive disease that results from characteristic pathological changes in the tissues of the entire joint, resulting in failure in the component parts. OA is one of the most common causes of disability in adults due to pain and altered joint function, impacting patients' quality of life. Treatment is based on decreasing pain and improving function, involving non-pharmacological, pharmacological, and surgical management. First-line treatment involves non-pharmacological and pharmacological measures. When OA is very advanced, total joint replacement surgery is recommended. However, for patients refractory to conservative treatment and unwilling or unable to undergo arthroplasty, few options remain. Recently, several studies involving minimally invasive procedures are being recommended. Among them is the cooled radiofrequency technique, causing neurotomy by thermal activity, thus reducing the patient's perception of pain. The classical therapeutic target for this technique are the genicular nerves of the knee. However, more recent studies have shown that these classical targets do not provide complete pain relief and have suggested new therapeutic targets, comprising besides the genicular nerves, the recurrent peroneal nerve and the infra-patellar branch of the saphenous nerve. In order to validate these revised targets, new studies need to be done. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of the cooled radiofrequency procedure using classical and revised targets, and to compare pain intensity, knee function, quality of life, analgesic consumption and adverse effects of both techniques.

Key words: Osteoarthritis of the knee. Sensory nerve denervation. Classical targets. Revised targets.

Detailed description: The present clinical study will be prospective, randomized and double-blind (the principal investigator and the patients will be blinded; the interventional physicians will not be blinded).

Patients (n=60) from the Unified Health System of Brazil (SUS), seen at the Singular Alfenas Clinic, selected by the medical team, who meet all inclusion requirements, will be considered for this study; those who agree will sign the informed consent form.

After being selected, patients will undergo a test block on the genicular nerves and those who have an improvement of at least 50% will be eligible for the cooled radiofrequency procedure (CRF). Patients will be randomly divided into 3 groups (n=20 patients/group) by sort, made by an external researcher: a) conservative group (CG): patients will receive standard pharmacological treatment (oral analgesics, intra-articular injection with corticosteroids) and physiotherapy for 6 months, and after that period, the performance of the cooled radiofrequency procedure will be guaranteed, with medical indication; b) group cooled radiofrequency with classical targets (CRF-CT): patients will undergo the CRF procedure, using the classical therapeutic targets (medial superior genicular nerve, lateral superior genicular nerve, medial inferior genicular nerve and infra-patellar branch of the saphenous nerve).

In order that patients do not know in which group of the study they are included, the probe will be placed on the aforementioned genicular nerves as well as on the recurrent peroneal nerve and the the recurrent fibular nerve and the infra-patellar branch of the saphenous nerve, but will not receive radiofrequency in the recurrent fibular nerve nor in the infra-patellar branch of the saphenous nerve, receiving radiofrequency only in the genicular nerves; c) group cooled radiofrequency with revised targets (CRF-RT): patients will undergo the CRF procedure using the revised therapeutic targets (medial superior genicular nerve, lateral superior genicular nerve; medial inferior genicular nerve, fibular recurrent nerve and infra-patellar branch of the saphenous nerve). In order for patients not to know in which group of the study they are included, the probe will be placed on all the aforementioned nerves and they will receive radiofrequency in all of them.

Data will be obtained through the application of questionnaires, for the evaluation of the participants, regarding pain intensity, knee function, analgesic consumption, quality of life and occurrence of adverse effects. The questionnaires will be applied before the block test, to evaluate baseline measurement; after the block test, to verify if there was at least 50% improvement; on the day of the CRF, immediately before the procedure, after the CRF procedure: after 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, and 6 months. For the conservative group, the questionnaires will be applied following the same times established for the intervention groups. The results will be obtained through appropriate statistical analyses.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients of both genders aged 40 years or older;
* Patients diagnosed with knee OA through X-rays and MRI (Alhback classification 2 or 3);
* Patients with chronic knee pain for more than 3 months at the time of inclusion;
* Patients with moderate to severe knee pain (score of 5 or more on the visual analog scale)
* Patients who are literate, can read and write, and have a good understanding of written and verbal language.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients younger than 40 years old, even if diagnosed with knee OA;
* Patients not diagnosed through imaging tests with OA;
* Patients who have undergone previous knee surgery in the last 3 months before inclusion;
* Patients who have received intra-articular corticosteroid injection in the last 3 months before inclusion;
* Patients with uncontrolled neurological or psychiatric disease;
* Patients with uncontrolled diabetes;
* Pregnant patients;
* Cancer diagnosed patients;
* Patients with lumbar radiculopathy;
* Patients on continuous anticoagulant therapy;
* Patients who are not literate, can not read and write, and have not a good understanding of written and verbal language.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Analyze the efficacy of cooled radiofrequency in patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis pain.
timeFrame: 7 months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Analyze the lesions of the neurotomized nerves
timeFrame: 2 months
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
affiliation: Universidade Federal de Alfenas
name: Rafaela F Rodrigues, Ph.D
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Sinpain Ltda; Universidade Federal de Alfenas
name: Carlos Marcelo de Barros, MD, FIPP
role: STUDY_CHAIR
affiliation: Santa Casa de Alfenas
name: Ranielly A Andrade, MD
role: STUDY_CHAIR
affiliation: SINPAIN LTDA
name: Lúcio César H Silva, MD,FIPP,CIPS
role: STUDY_CHAIR
affiliation: SINPAIN LTDA
name: Charles A de Oliveira, MD,FIPP
role: STUDY_CHAIR
affiliation: SINPAIN LTDA
name: Paulo Renato B da Fonseca, MD,FIPP,MBA
role: STUDY_CHAIR
affiliation: SINPAIN LTDA
name: Fabrício D Assis, MD,FIPP
role: STUDY_CHAIR
affiliation: SINPAIN LTDA
name: Tiago S Freitas, MD,Ph.D,FIPP
role: STUDY_CHAIR
affiliation: Universidade Federal de Alfenas
name: Vanessa BB Marques, Ph.D
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
citation: Carlone AG, Grothaus O, Jacobs C, Duncan ST. Is Cooled Radiofrequency Genicular Nerve Block and Ablation a Viable Option for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis? Arthroplast Today. 2021 Feb 8;7:220-224. doi: 10.1016/j.artd.2020.12.003. eCollection 2021 Feb.
citation: Fonkoue L, Behets CW, Steyaert A, Kouassi JK, Detrembleur C, De Waroux BLP, Cornu O. Accuracy of fluoroscopic-guided genicular nerve blockade: a need for revisiting anatomical landmarks. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019 Aug 26:rapm-2019-100451. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2019-100451. Online ahead of print.
citation: Fonkoue L, Behets C, Kouassi JK, Coyette M, Detrembleur C, Thienpont E, Cornu O. Distribution of sensory nerves supplying the knee joint capsule and implications for genicular blockade and radiofrequency ablation: an anatomical study. Surg Radiol Anat. 2019 Dec;41(12):1461-1471. doi: 10.1007/s00276-019-02291-y. Epub 2019 Jul 23.
citation: Fonkoue L, Behets CW, Steyaert A, Kouassi JK, Detrembleur C, De Waroux BL, Cornu O. Current versus revised anatomical targets for genicular nerve blockade and radiofrequency ablation: evidence from a cadaveric model. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2020 Aug;45(8):603-609. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2020-101370. Epub 2020 Jun 18.
citation: Gonzalez FM. Cooled Radiofrequency Genicular Neurotomy. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 2020 Dec;23(4):100706. doi: 10.1016/j.tvir.2020.100706. Epub 2020 Oct 5.