Clinical trial NCT01632254: Study to Investigate the Sensitivity and Specificity of 3.0 Tesla MRI for Carotid Artery Plaque
Official title: Study to Investigate the Sensitivity and Specificity of 3.0 Tesla MRI, MRS and Ultrasound Imaging for Carotid Artery Plaque Dimension and Composition Assessment
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Conditions: Atherosclerosis
Lead sponsor: Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA)
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
First posted: 2012-07-02
Enrollment: 30
Sex: ALL
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Time perspective: CROSS_SECTIONAL
Sampling method: PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Patients with ≥70% carotid artery stenosis on clinical ultrasound duplex examination, scheduled for endarterectomy in the Athero-Express study.

Brief summary: The aim of this study is to develop non-invasive MRI, and MRS approaches that will quantify the plaque composition and lipid content of plaques and will have the potential for repeated in vivo measurements. To investigate sensitivity and specificity of 3.0 Tesla MRI and MRS for dimension and composition assessment of carotid artery plaques, in particularly those plaques with lipid rich necrotic cores. This non-invasive cross-sectional study, compares carotid parameters of in-vivo 3.0 Tesla MRI, MRS and B-mode ultrasound with histology specimens collected at endarterectomy.

Detailed description: Atherosclerosis is a protracted and in fact lifelong progressive disease. Over time, lipids accumulate in the artery wall forming fatty streaks, which eventually can develop into atherosclerotic plaques (1). The later stages of the process, from quiescent atherosclerotic plaque to an active plaque, have a high risk of triggering acute vascular events, such as myocardial infarction and stroke (1).

Much effort has been put in the development of novel drugs aimed to prevent cardiovascular disease. Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering drugs, in particularly statins, play a pivotal role. The hypothesis that serum lipid lowering results in decrease of lipid accumulation in the arterial wall and thus atherogenesis, has formed the basis for successful drug developing strategies (1;2).

To draw valid conclusions on determinants of disease and effectiveness of lipid modifying therapeutic intervention, imaging of atherosclerosis can be used as a validated tool to assess efficacy of novel compounds (3;4).

Although imaging arterial wall dimensions by B-mode ultrasound and intra-vascular ultrasound have proven their value, longitudinal data of the effects of cardiovascular drugs on arterial wall and plaque composition, in particular of vulnerable plaques with lipid rich necrotic cores (LRNC), are scarce.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are non-invasive imaging modalities that can potentially image plaque composition in-vivo in human carotid arteries. MRI image acquisition at various weightings enables visualisation of plaque composition. Calcification, haemorrhage, fibrous cap and lipid rich necrotic cores can readily be distinguished, providing information on plaque vulnerability. MRS gives a spectrum of resonances, affording detection of specific chemical components through their inherent frequency shift relative to water (5). In image guided MRS, an MR image can be utilized to image and localize a plaque. Proton spectra can then be collected from these plaques, such that the specific proton resonances of lipid components in a mobile state, including cholesterol ester (CE), can be identified (6).

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients are to meet the inclusion criteria of the Athero-Express study.
* These patients are eligible to undergo carotid endarterectomy in either the St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein.
* Willing and able to undergo non-invasive MRI, MRS and ultrasound examinations in the Academic Hospital Center, Amsterdam.
* Signed informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients not suitable for MRI (e.g. metal in the body, as a result of pacemaker or artificial cardiac valves); claustrophobia; surgery performed in the neck area of the carotid measurements.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Plaque characteristics as assessed by 3.0 Tesla MRI.
timeFrame: 1 month
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Water and lipid content of the plaque as assessed by MRS/3.0T MRI
timeFrame: 1 month
measure: Plaque composition and size as assessed by histological analysis
timeFrame: 1 month
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Amsterdam
country: Netherlands
facility: Academic Medical Center
Study officials:
References: