Clinical trial NCT01490034: Effects of Learning and Food Form on Intake in Humans
Official title: Effects of Learning and Food Form on Intake in Humans
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Obesity
Keywords: obesity
energy intake
appetite
food form
beverage
learning
dietary compensation
Lead sponsor: Purdue University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2011-12-12
Enrollment: 120
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 50
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE

Brief summary: Due to the rising incidence of obesity, much emphasis has been placed on identifying mechanisms of increased energy intake. At this point, the mechanisms responsible for the recent increase in obesity prevalence have not been thoroughly examined. Pre-ingestive influences, such as cognitive factors, may play a larger role in creating an energy surplus than previously thought. Expectations about the satiating effect of a food may override the post-ingestive influences in dictating further consumption. In addition, obese individuals may exhibit a decreased compensatory response to foods as compared to lean individuals.

Understanding the effects of energy content, food form, and learning on satiation, satiety, and energy intake will allow for a greater understanding of the mechanisms of energy imbalance as a whole. Food choice is dictated by sensory properties and post-ingestive effects. By utilizing foods with similar sensory properties, the acquired knowledge derived from ingesting these foods can be monitored by analyzing subsequent intake at the same meal and at subsequent eating occurrences. It is hypothesized that the liquid food form will elicit weaker dietary compensation; that is, energy intake at other eating events will not be adjusted to compensate for that food. In addition, it is posited that the lower energy food will cause lower compensation postprandially. By having participants consume the same test food daily over a two week learning period, it is thought that they will show improved dietary compensation when the initial testing is repeated due to learned associations between food properties and metabolism.

Detailed description: No expansion provided.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Weight stable (\<3 kg weight change within last 3 months)
* Constant habitual activity patterns (no deviation \> 1x/wk at 30 min/session within last 3 months)
* Constant habitual diet patterns within last 3 months
* Willingness to eat a chocolate-flavored snack at test sessions and two week training period
* No allergies to any test foods
* Not planning to change use of medications known to influence appetite or metabolism
* Not diabetic
* No history of GI pathology
* Non-smoker for one year or more

Exclusion Criteria:

Primary outcomes:
measure: energy intake
timeFrame: 12 weeks
measure: dietary compensation
timeFrame: 12 weeks
measure: appetite
timeFrame: 12 weeks
measure: effects of learning on energy intake
timeFrame: 12 weeks
measure: Effects of food form on energy intake
timeFrame: 12 weeks
measure: Effects of BMI on sensory learning
timeFrame: 12 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Effects of personality traits on appetite, energy intake and compensation
timeFrame: 12 weeks
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: W. Lafayette
country: United States
facility: Purdue Univeristy
state: Indiana
Study officials:
References:
citation: Jones JB, Mattes RD. Effects of learning and food form on energy intake and appetitive responses. Physiol Behav. 2014 Oct;137:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.06.016. Epub 2014 Jun 21.