louisbrulenaudet/clinical-trials huggingface dataset:
Clinical trial NCT04899518: ALY688 Ophthalmic Solution in Subjects With Dry Eye Disease
Official title: A Phase 2b/3, Randomized, Double-Masked, Vehicle-Controlled Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Two Concentrations (0.4% and 1%) of ALY688 Ophthalmic Solution in Subjects With Dry Eye Disease (OASIS-1)
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE2
PHASE3
Conditions: Dry Eye
Lead sponsor: Allysta Pharmaceutical
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2021-05-24
Enrollment: 922
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Two Concentrations (0.4% and 1%) of ALY688 Ophthalmic Solution in Subjects with Dry Eye Disease

Detailed description: Randomized, Double-Masked, Vehicle-Controlled Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Two Concentrations (0.4% and 1%) of ALY688 Ophthalmic Solution in Subjects with Dry Eye Disease

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Dry eye disease for \> 3 months meeting specific sign and symptom criteria
* Best corrected visual acuity of +0.6 logMAR or better
* Willing to sign informed consent and attend study visits
* Willing to comply with contraception requirements

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unable to meet specific sign and symptom criteria
* Signs of ophthalmic allergic, inflammatory or infection conditions
* Use of contact lenses
* Anatomic abnormalities preventing accurate study assessments
* Use of medications that influence eye dryness
* Recent ophthalmic surgery
* Unwilling to suspend current treatments for dry eye disease

Primary outcomes:
measure: Corneal fluorescein staining
timeFrame: 8 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Bellevue
country: United States
facility: Allysta Pharmaceuticals
state: Washington
Study officials:
References:
Clinical trial NCT05332418: ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ON NECK PAIN AND PROPRIOCEPTION IN CERVICAL RADICULOPATHY
Official title: EFFECT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THERAPY ON NECK PAIN AND PROPRIOCEPTION IN CERVICAL RADICULOPATHY PATIENTS
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: NA
Conditions: Cervical Radiculopathy
Lead sponsor: October 6 University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2022-04-18
Enrollment: 30
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 30
Maximum age (years): 45
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Intervention model description: the control group which received the selected exercise program and the study group received the same exercise training program in addition to electromagnetic field therapy, three times per week for four weeks.
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: PURPOSE:

to investigate effect of electromagnetic field therapy on neck pain and proprioception in cervical radiculopathy patients

BACKGROUND: Cervical radiculopathy is a clinical condition resulting from compression of cervical nerve roots Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy is an easy, non-invasive, safe, and relatively new treatment method that is used with growing interest in physical and rehabilitation medicine. Historically, the benefits from magnetotherapy have been reported for patients with musculoskeletal and neurological disorders

Detailed description: Thirty four patients with cervical radiculopathy The patients will randomly be divided into two equal groups; the control group which received the selected exercise program and the study group received the same exercise training program in addition to electromagnetic field therapy, three times per week for four weeks. The evaluation methods by Visual analogue scale for pain (VAS-P), cervical joint position error test (JPET), Neck disability index , and Cervical range of motion (CROM) goniometer device measurements

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age ranging from 30:45
2. Cervical radiculopathy due to disc prolapse (C5-C6) (C6-C7) mild to moderate or disc prolapse according to magnetic resonance image (MRI).
3. With mild to moderate cervical disability according to neck disability index
4. Body mass index (18.5 to 29.9) Kg/m2.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Cervical myelopathy.
2. Patients with previous cervical surgery.
3. Inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis
4. Any other musculoskeletal disorders of the spine or upper extremity.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Visual analogue scale for pain (VAS-P)
timeFrame: 4 weeks
measure: cervical proprioception using cervical joint position error test (JPET)
timeFrame: 4 weeks
measure: Neck disability index
timeFrame: 4 weeks
measure: Cervical range of motion (CROM) goniometer device
timeFrame: 4 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Al Jīzah
country: Egypt
facility: Lama Saad El-Din Mahmoud
state: Select State
Study officials:
References:
Clinical trial NCT01479218: Safety and Effectiveness Study With a New PDA Occluder for Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Official title: Safety and Effectiveness Study With a New PDA Occluder for Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Lead sponsor: Occlutech International AB
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2011-11-24
Enrollment: 50
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 6
Maximum age (years): 70
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The objective of the study is to investigate the safety, efficacy and clinical utility of the Occlutech PDA device for closure of patent ductus arteriosus of all types.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with a demonstrated patent ductus arteriosus
2. Female or male
3. Belonging to any ethnic group
4. Age between \> 6 months and 70 years
5. Body weight \> 6 kg \< 120 kg

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Associated congenital cardiac anomalies,
2. Body weight \< 6 Kilograms

General exclusion criteria

* presence of a known coagulation disorder
* thrombus at the position allocated for the implantation
* a vein thrombosis in the blood vessels chosen for the introducing system
* an active infection
* Nitinol intolerance (nickel or titanium)
* contrast medium intolerance
* patients who have a vascular system which is too small to admit the required sheath
* patients with pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary-vascular resistance of \>8 Woods Units or a lung - / systemic resistance (PR/SR) of \>0.4.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Successful closure of patent ductus arterious without evidence of any complication assessed by echocardiongram, ECG and X-ray 30 and 90 days after implant.
timeFrame: 3 months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Successful closure without evidence of residual shunt after 1 year confirmed by echocariodgram. Safety: freedom of major adverse events i.e periherial embolism or endocarditits.
timeFrame: 30, 90, 180 and 360 days after implant
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Kuala Lumpur
country: Malaysia
facility: IJN National Heart Institute
city: Hochiminh city
country: Vietnam
facility: Pediatric Hospital no 2
Study officials:
affiliation: Rush University medical center, Chicago, USA
name: Ziyad M Hijazi, Professor
role: STUDY_CHAIR
affiliation: IJN Heart Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
name: Alwi Mazeni, Dr
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Pediatric hospital no 2, Hochiminh city, Vietnam
name: Viet Minh Tri Nguyen, Dr
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT01679418: Impact of Drains on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Thyroid Surgery
Official title: Randomized Controlled Trial on the Impact of Postoperative Drainage on Nausea and Vomiting After Thyroid- and Parathyroid Surgery
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
Keywords: PONV
thyroid
surgery
nausea and vomiting
postoperative
Lead sponsor: Kantonsspital Liestal
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2012-09-06
Enrollment: 139
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 95
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL

Brief summary: Wound Drains after Thyroid- and Parathyroid Surgery Impact on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)

Detailed description: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is common after thyroid surgery. Many patients describe PONV as more irritant in the postoperative course than the endured pain. Postoperative drains are put after thyroid surgery to early recognize bleeding and to collect wound secretion to avoid pressure on the trachea. Whether wound drains do impact on PONV is not known. Therefore, we tested the impact of wound drains on PONV after thyroid- and parathyroid surgery in a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* older than 18 years of age
* informed consent
* planed thyroid- or parathyroid resection
* euthyreostatic preoperative condition

Exclusion Criteria:

* younger than 18 years of age
* pregnancy
* no informed consent
* retrosternal struma
* known postoperative nausea and vomiting prior to surgery
* severe and life threatening systemic health issues

Primary outcomes:
measure: Assessment of post-operative nausea using visual analogue scale (VAS)
timeFrame: 24 hours post surgery
measure: Assessment of postoperative vomiting using visual analogue scale (VAS)
timeFrame: 24 hours post surgery
measure: Assessment of post-operative nausea using visual analogue scale (VAS)
timeFrame: 48 hours post surgery
measure: Assessment of postoperative vomiting using visual analogue scale (VAS)
timeFrame: 48 hours post surgery
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Antiemetic therapy post surgery in patients with and without postoperative drainage
timeFrame: after 48 hours
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Liestal
country: Switzerland
facility: Kantonsspital Liestal
state: Basel-Landschaft
Study officials:
affiliation: Professor of Surgery, Head of the Department, Kantonsspital Liestal
name: Christoph A Maurer, MD
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
citation: Schwarz W, Willy C, Ndjee C. [Gravity or suction drainage in thyroid surgery? Control of efficacy with ultrasound determination of residual hematoma]. Langenbecks Arch Chir. 1996;381(6):337-42. doi: 10.1007/BF00191314. German.
citation: Kunzli BM, Walensi M, Wilimsky J, Bucher C, Buhrer T, Kull C, Zuse A, Maurer CA. Impact of drains on nausea and vomiting after thyroid and parathyroid surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2019 Sep;404(6):693-701. doi: 10.1007/s00423-019-01799-6. Epub 2019 Jun 26.
Clinical trial NCT02728518: Nebulized Amikacin Versus Intravenous Amikacin in the Treatment of Nosocomial Pneumonia
Official title: Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Nebulized Amikacin as Adjunctive Therapy in Hospital Acquired and Ventilator Associated Bacterial Pneumonia in Surgical Intensive Care Units
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Pneumonia
Lead sponsor: National Heart Institute, Egypt
Sponsor class: OTHER_GOV
First posted: 2016-04-05
Enrollment: 133
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 21
Maximum age (years): 65
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The investigator's goal in this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized amikacin versus intravenous amikacin in patients with hospital and ventilator acquired pneumonia in surgical patients admitted to the intensive care units infected with gram negative bacilli

Detailed description: prospective, randomized, controlled study on post-cardiac surgery patients , included two groups, over one year period. The first group was administered intravenous (IV) amikacin 20 mg/kg once daily. The second group was prescribed amikacin nebulizer 400 mg twice daily. Both groups were co-administered intravenous (IV) piperacillin/tazobactam empirically.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients admitted to ICU
* Clinical suspicion of VAP or HAP defined by a new persistent radiological infiltrate and one of the following signs:
* purulent tracheal aspirations, or
* temperature of 38° or higher, or leucocyte count \> 10000/ml or
* Positive culture sensitive to amikacin
* In case of empirical treatment, risk of multi resistant bacteria defined as follows:
* Antimicrobial therapy in preceding 90 days and
* Current hospitalization of 5 d or more

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of Asthma
* Multi organ failure or any psychiatric illness
* allergy to amikacin or intolerance to nebulized amikacin
* Myasthenia gravis.
* Severely impaired renal function (creatinine clearance lower than 10 mL/min or renal replacement therapy)
* Vestibulo-cochlear disease.
* Pregnancy.
* Brain death

Primary outcomes:
measure: Proportion of cured patients in the nebulized amikacin group versus the proportion of cured patients in the intravenous group
timeFrame: through study completion, over one year
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
affiliation: National Heart Institute
name: Nehal A Hassan, BCPS
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: National Heart Institute
name: Faten F El sayed, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University
name: Nirmeen A Sabry, Ph.D
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT02608918: Taste Properties of HIV Inhibitor
Official title: An Open-Label Taste Assessment of BMS-955176 in Healthy Subjects
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE1
Conditions: HIV Infections
Lead sponsor: ViiV Healthcare
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
Collaborators: name: Senopsys, LLC
First posted: 2015-11-20
Enrollment: 8
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 25
Maximum age (years): 80
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: OTHER

Brief summary: The purpose of the study is to assess the taste properties of HIV inhibitor


Eligibility criteria: For more information regarding BMS clinical trial participation, please visit www.BMSStudyConnect.com

Inclusion Criteria:

* Men and women of non-childbearing potential professional sensory panelists
* Aged between 25 and 80 years

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of relevant drug or food allergies, cardiovascular or Central nervous system (CNS) disease, clinically significant pathology, history of mental illness
* Positive HIV test

Primary outcomes:
measure: Taste properties of HIV Inhibitor will be measured using the Flavor Profile of the Flavor Leadership Criteria
timeFrame: Up to 2 years
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Woburn
country: United States
facility: GSK Investigational Site
state: Massachusetts
Study officials:
affiliation: ViiV Healthcare
name: Viiv Clinical Trials
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT01220518: Program evaLuating the Autoimmune Disease iNvEstigational Drug cT-p13 in AS Patients(PLANETAS)
Official title: Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Phase 1 Study
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE1
Conditions: Ankylosing Spondylitis
Lead sponsor: Celltrion
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2010-10-14
Enrollment: 257
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 75
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: This study is the trial to demonstrate how our product is similar to remicade by comparing the results of blood samples in active Ankylosing Spondylitis patients.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* diagnosed with active ankylosing spondylitis
* BASDAI score ≥ 4 and visual analogue scale(VAS) score of spinal pain ≥ 4

Exclusion Criteria:

* have total ankylosing of spine
* have allergies to infliximab
* serious infection

Primary outcomes:
measure: PK equivalence to remicade
timeFrame: PK sampling at week 22
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Proportion of patients achieving clinical response according to the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) 20% criteria
timeFrame: at week 14, 30 and 54
measure: Proportion of patients achieving clinical response according to the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) 40 criteria
timeFrame: at week 14, 30 and 54
measure: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) at Weeks 14, 30 and 54 compared with Baseline
timeFrame: at week 14, 30 and 54
measure: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) at Weeks 14, 30 and 54 compared with Baseline
timeFrame: at week 14, 30 and 54
measure: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) at Weeks 14, 30 and 54 compared with Baseline
timeFrame: at weeks 14, 30 and 54
measure: Chest expansion at Weeks 14, 30 and 54 compared with Baseline
timeFrame: at weeks 14, 30 and 54
measure: Quality of life questionnaire (SF-36)
timeFrame: at week 14, 30 and 54
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Incheon
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Inha University Hostpital
Study officials:
affiliation: Inha University Hospital
name: Won Park, M.D., Ph.D.
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Eser A, Reinisch W, Schreiber S, Ahmad T, Boulos S, Mould DR. Increased Induction Infliximab Clearance Predicts Early Antidrug Antibody Detection. J Clin Pharmacol. 2021 Feb;61(2):224-233. doi: 10.1002/jcph.1732. Epub 2020 Sep 9.
citation: Park W, Yoo DH, Jaworski J, Brzezicki J, Gnylorybov A, Kadinov V, Sariego IG, Abud-Mendoza C, Escalante WJ, Kang SW, Andersone D, Blanco F, Hong SS, Lee SH, Braun J. Comparable long-term efficacy, as assessed by patient-reported outcomes, safety and pharmacokinetics, of CT-P13 and reference infliximab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: 54-week results from the randomized, parallel-group PLANETAS study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2016 Jan 20;18:25. doi: 10.1186/s13075-016-0930-4.
Clinical trial NCT06471218: Efficacy and Safety of SHR-1918 in Patients With Hyperlipidemia
Official title: Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Multiple Subcutaneous Injections of SHR-1918 in Patients With Hyperlipidemia in Poor Control: a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase II Clinical Trials
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Hyperlipidemia
Lead sponsor: Beijing Suncadia Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2024-06-24
Enrollment: 44
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 75
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of multiple subcutaneous injections of SHR-1918 in patients with hyperlipidemia in poor control: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II clinical trials


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. On the day of signing the informed consent form, the age must be ≥ 18 years old and ≤ 75 years old, both men and women are eligible;
2. Screen spatiotemporal abdominal LDL-C for ASCVD risk assessment, meeting the following conditions:
3. TG≤5.6mmol/L；

Exclusion Criteria:

1. (1) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), or gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) exceeding 3 times the ULN, or total bilirubin exceeding 2 times the ULN;
2. (2) Human immunodeficiency virus antibody (HIV Ab), hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV Ab), any of the above test results are positive; Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and HBV-DNA ≥ 1000 copies/ml (or ≥ 200IU/ml, if the lower limit of the detection value is higher than 1000 copies/ml or 200IU/ml, HBV-DNA ≥ the lower limit of the detection value);
3. (3) Creatine kinase (CK) exceeds 3 times the upper limit of normal value (ULN);
4. (4) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is below the lower limit of normal (LLN) or exceeds 1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN);
5. (5) Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)\<30 ml/min/1.73m2 (calculated using the MDRD formula, eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)=175 x (serum creatinine/88.4) -1.234 x age -0.179 x (0.79 females), where serum creatinine units are μ mol/L);

Primary outcomes:
measure: Percent change in calculated LDL-C from baseline to week 24
timeFrame: from baseline to week 24
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Percent change in calculated TG from baseline to week 24
timeFrame: from baseline to week 24
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Meizhou
country: China
facility: Meizhou People's Hospital
state: Guangdong
Study officials:
References:
Clinical trial NCT00603018: PET Imaging Study of Recovered Anorexics
Official title: PET Imaging of Dopaminergic Transmission and Serotonin Markers in Anorexia Nervosa
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Anorexia Nervosa
Keywords: eating disorders
anorexia nervosa
anorexia
PET
brain imaging
serotonin
fMRI
Prozac
fluoxetine
Lead sponsor: University of Pittsburgh
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
First posted: 2008-01-28
Enrollment: 23
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 45
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE

Brief summary: Several studies in the past suggest that individuals who have or had anorexia nervosa may have alterations in brain serotonin. Serotonin seems to play an important role in regulating anxiety, mood, and other symptoms found in anorexia nervosa. We will be using a technology called Positron Emission Tomography (PET), which is a method used to take pictures of the body, in this case, the brain. Study participants will undergo two baseline PET scans on the first day of the study. The women who have recovered from anorexia will then be given a medication called fluoxetine (also know as Prozac) to take for 8 weeks. At the end of the 8th week, they will return for a third PET scan. By comparing the brain scans, before and after fluoxetine treatment, we can understand more about how treatment with fluoxetine affects the serotonin receptors in the brain. We will be comparing brain serotonin system in women who have recovered from anorexia before and after medication in order to gain a better understanding of changes in the serotonin system associated with eating disorders. This study may help shed light on how to make fluoxetine a more effective treatment for anorexia nervosa.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Recovered from Anorexia Nervosa
* Not taking medication for emotional problems
* Regular menstrual cycle

Exclusion Criteria:

* Women who are pregnant or nursing
* Psychoactive medications in the past 30 days
* Neurological disorders.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Serotonin Receptor 1A Binding Potential In Regions of Interest (ROI) Accounting for Binding Potential in a Region Without Serotonin 1A Receptors
timeFrame: Baseline and 8 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Pittsburgh
country: United States
facility: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
state: Pennsylvania
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Pittsburgh
name: Walter Kaye, M.D.
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: