Clinical trial NCT03466242: IN Dexmedetomidine for Procedural Sedation in Pediatric Closed Reductions for Distal Forearm Fractures
Official title: IN Dexmedetomidine for Procedural Sedation in Pediatric Closed Reductions for Distal Forearm Fractures. Timmons Z MD, Feudale B MD Children Presenting to the ED With Distal Forearm Extremity Fractures Often Require Re-alignment Under Conscious Sedation. The Objective of This Study is to Evaluate the Sedative, and Analgesic Effects of Intranasal (IN) Dexmedetomidine (DEX) Who Undergo Conscious Sedation for Reduction of Closed Distal Forearm Fractures When Compared to Those Receiving the Standard of Care Intravenous (IV) Ketamine
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: EARLY_PHASE1
Conditions: Conscious Sedation
Distal Radius Fracture
Keywords: intranasal dexmedetomidine
Lead sponsor: Phoenix Children's Hospital
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2018-03-15
Enrollment: 40
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 2
Maximum age (years): 18
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Intervention model description: This will be a feasibility pilot study, and as such, will be non-blinded, and utilize a convenience sample of children aged 2-18 years old requiring closed reduction under conscious sedation for distal forearm fractures. 20 children recruited in IN Dex arm and 20 children in Ketamine arm
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the sedative, and analgesic effects of intranasal (IN) Dexmedetomidine (DEX) in children presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) who undergo conscious sedation for reduction of closed distal forearm fractures when compared to those receiving intravenous (IV) Ketamine. The secondary objective is to compare each sedation technique for safety and procedural outcomes.

Detailed description: Distal Forearm fractures are often are displaced requiring conscious sedation for closed reduction in the Emergency Department. Our institution's current standard of care consists of IN Fentanyl for baseline control of pain, and for those fractures requiring reduction; typically IV Ketamine is utilized. Ketamine is typically well tolerated but is not without concerns including hypertension, vomiting, and the rare but serious complication of laryngospasm. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) offers a possible alternative to IV Ketamine. DEX has been used safely in the critical care setting for both pediatrics and adults. It has been well documented as being quite effective in sedation, amnesia and analgesia. Using IN DEX for PED procedural sedation has the potential to obviate the need for IV placement and may offer a better conscious sedation profile than Ketamine with respect to sedation, analgesia, and adverse outcomes.

Our overall project would be to assess the efficiency of IN DEX in comparison to IV Ketamine, for proper sedation and analgesic coverage for children undergoing closed reduction of distal forearm fractures.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:Verbal children aged 2-18 with a single extremity displaced forearm fracture requiring conscious sedation and reduction will be screened for enrollment.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Under age 2 years old or patients \> 18 years old
2. Multiple Fractures
3. Significant multisystem trauma
4. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS \< 15)
5. Complex fractures that aren't deemed reducible in ED
6. Reported Allergy to Alpha -2-agonists
7. Pregnancy
8. Intoxication
9. Baseline Hypotension as \< 70mm Hg + 2 x age or \< 90mm Hg for patients \> 11 years of age
10. Patients with prior reductions attempted at outside facilities
11. Aberrant nasal anatomy that precludes IN medications
12. Chronic Health issues that can affect DEX metabolism
13. History of adverse reactions to anesthesia
14. Patients transferred from outside facilities
15. Open fractures

Primary outcomes:
measure: Evaluate the sedative effects of intranasal Dexmedetomidine in children undergoing conscious sedation for closed distal forearm fracture reduction compared to intravenous Ketamine
timeFrame: 12 months
measure: Evaluate the analgesic effects of intranasal Dexmedetomidine in children undergoing conscious sedation for closed distal forearm fracture reduction compared to intravenous Ketamine
timeFrame: 12 months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Compare each sedation technique for time to sedation onset
timeFrame: 12 months
measure: Compare each sedation technique for length of sedation
timeFrame: 12 months
measure: Compare each sedation technique for length of ED stay
timeFrame: 12 months
measure: Compare each sedation technique for need for additional doses of medications for analgesia or sedation
timeFrame: 12 months
measure: Compare each sedation technique for Vital sign abnormalities
timeFrame: 12 months
measure: Compare each sedation technique for need for respiratory interventions
timeFrame: 12 months
measure: Compare each sedation technique for rate of vomiting
timeFrame: 12 months
measure: Compare each sedation technique for procedural success rate
timeFrame: 12 months
measure: Compare each sedation technique for patient family satisfaction
timeFrame: 12 months
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Phoenix
country: United States
facility: Phoenix Children's Hospital
state: Arizona
Study officials:
affiliation: Phoenix Children's Hospital
name: Zebulon Timmons, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
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