Clinical trial NCT04643132: S-ketamine Prevents Postoperative Pain and Cognitive Dysfunction After Tibial Fracture
Official title: S-ketamine Prevents Tibial Fracture-associated Postoperative Pain and Cognitive Dysfunction After Orthopedic Surgery in Patients: a Randomized Double-blind Controlled Trial
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: NA
Conditions: Postoperative Pain
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction
Keywords: S-ketamine
tibial fracture
orthopedic surgery
pain intensity
Lead sponsor: Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2020-11-24
Enrollment: 120
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 65
Maximum age (years): 85
Standard ages: OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: Purpose:

To explore effects of S-ketamine on postoperative pain and cognitive dysfunction after tibial fracture and orthopedic surgery.

To evaluate and examine the incidence of adverse effects with the purpose of selecting the optimum dose.

Detailed description: With the increase in human life span, orthopedic injuries and subsequent repair surgery have become a major health problem which impairs the life quality of patients and burdens healthcare systems worldwide. Poor post-surgical pain control is a leading factor that hinders the physical rehabilitation and musculoskeletal functional recovery, and causes acute cognitive impairment and chronic pain syndrome. Also, existing treatments of opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have potential drawbacks, which may in turn interfere with bone healing. Therefore, prophylaxis of fracture-associated pain is indispensable to postoperative comfort and satisfaction.

There is no denying the fact that pathologic pain is related to central glutaminergic system and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation induced central sensitization. Also, we previously reported that neuroinflammation is associated with pain development and cognitive dysfunction. Ketamine, a NMDA receptor antagonist, is effective in reversing NMDA receptor activation underlying pain states. But the side effects of ketamine limit its clinical application, such as Delirium, gibberish and agitation. It is clarified that S-ketamine has lower side effects than ketamine and that antinociception of S-ketamine is stronger than ketamine. The following study is carried out to evaluate whether S-ketamine can prevent postoperative pain and cognitive impairment after tibial fracture and orthopedic surgery in patients.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Subject is scheduled to undergo tibial fracture with orthopedic surgery under a short general anesthesia of less than 2 hours
2. Subject's American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status is I-II.
3. The subject's parent/legally authorized guardian has given written informed consent to participate.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subject has a diagnosis of bronchial asthma, coronary heart disease, severe hypertension, renal failure or liver failure.
2. Subject has a diagnosis of Insulin dependent diabetes.
3. Subject is allergy and contraindication to S-ketamine.
4. Subject has a history of chronic pain, a history of alcohol or opioid abuse, pre- existing therapy with opioids.
5. Subject has any contraindication for the use of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA).
6. Subject is pregnant or breast-feeding.
7. Subject is obese (body mass index \>30kg/m\^2).
8. Subject is incapacity to comprehend pain assessment and cognitive assessment.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Mechanical hyperalgesia threshold on the palms of feet
timeFrame: 48 hours after surgery
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Pain Score (NRS)
timeFrame: 48 hours after surgery
measure: Mechanical Hyperalgesia Threshold on the Dominant Inner Forearm
timeFrame: 48 hours after surgery
measure: Time of First Postoperative Analgesic Requirement
timeFrame: 1 hour after surgery
measure: Total Dose of First Postoperative Analgesic Requirement
timeFrame: 1 hour after surgery
measure: Cumulative Sufentanyl Consumption
timeFrame: 48 hours after surgery
measure: Occurrence of Side Effects
timeFrame: 48 hours after surgery
measure: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
timeFrame: 48 hours after surgery
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Tianjin
country: China
facility: Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
Study officials:
affiliation: Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
name: Guolin Wang, MD
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
citation: Zhang L, Terrando N, Xu ZZ, Bang S, Jordt SE, Maixner W, Serhan CN, Ji RR. Distinct Analgesic Actions of DHA and DHA-Derived Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators on Post-operative Pain After Bone Fracture in Mice. Front Pharmacol. 2018 May 1;9:412. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00412. eCollection 2018.
citation: Cui W, Li Y, Wang Z, Song C, Yu Y, Wang G, Li J, Wang C, Zhang L. Spinal caspase-6 regulates AMPA receptor trafficking and dendritic spine plasticity through netrin-1 in postoperative pain after orthopedic surgery for tibial fracture in mice. Pain. 2021 Jan;162(1):124-134. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002021.