Clinical trial NCT00419133: Immunogenicity of One Versus Two Doses of Killed Oral Cholera Vaccine
Official title: Immune Responses Following One Versus Two Doses of Killed Oral Cholera Vaccine in Eastern Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Cholera
Diarrhea
Vibrio Infections
Keywords: Cholera
Vaccine
Kolkata
West Bengal
India
Immunogenicity
Safety
Lead sponsor: International Vaccine Institute
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, India
name: Shantha Biotechnics Limited
First posted: 2007-01-08
Enrollment: 160
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 1
Maximum age (years): 40
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to compare the safety and immunogenicity of one and two doses of the killed oral cholera vaccine.

Detailed description: Cholera is an important public health problem worldwide, particularly in endemic areas of the developing world. In 2004, 101 383 cholera cases and 2345 deaths were reported to the WHO. Provision of safe water and food, adequate sanitation and improved personal and community hygiene are the main public health interventions against cholera. These measures cannot be implemented in the near future in the most cholera-endemic areas.

Phase II trials of this reformulated killed oral cholera vaccine were performed in SonLa, Vietnam and Kolkata, India. Significant vibriocidal antibody responses were observed among vaccine recipients.

Distribution of 2 doses of the cholera vaccine is often difficult in field settings and limits its utility in emergency situations, since an interval of 2 weeks is usually required between doses. Recent data from Vietnam suggests that greater vibriocidal responses following 2 doses are elicited compared to previous formulations. Furthermore, in a study in Bangladesh comparing immune responses to the vaccine among children supplemented with vitamin A and zinc, seroconversion after the first dose was robust in all groups suggesting that one dose may be used in the control of cholera.

Data regarding the immune response following one dose of this reformulated vaccine is currently unavailable. If a single dose of this vaccine is confirmed to be immunogenic to recipients, then this vaccine may be used more extensively for public health purposes, especially during times of outbreaks.

The objective of this study is to confirm the safety of the killed oral cholera vaccine among adult and children volunteers.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy adult male and non-pregnant female adults aged 18-40 years and healthy children aged 1-17 years

All subjects must satisfy the following criteria at study entry:

* Male or female adult residents aged 18-40 years or children aged 1- 17 years who the investigator believes will comply with the requirements of the protocol (i.e. available for follow-up visits and specimen collection)
* For females of reproductive age, they must not be pregnant (as determined by verbal screening)
* Written informed consent obtained from subjects or their guardians, and written assent for children aged 12-17 years.
* Healthy subjects as determined by: medical history, physical examination, clinical judgement of the investigator.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Ongoing serious chronic disease
* Immunocompromising condition or therapy
* Diarrhea (3 or more loose stools within a 24-hour period) 6 weeks prior to enrollment
* one or two episodes of diarrhea lasting for more than 2 weeks in the past 6 months
* one or two episodes of abdominal pain lasting for more than 2 weeks in the past 6 months
* intake of any anti-diarrhoeal medicine in the past week
* abdominal pain or cramps, loss of appetite, nausea, general ill-feeling or vomiting in the past 24 hours
* acute disease one week prior to enrollment, with or without fever. Temperature \> or = 38 degrees C (oral) or axillary temperature \> or = 37.5 degrees C warrants deferral of the vaccination pending recovery of the subject
* receipt of antibiotics in past 14 days
* receipt of live or killed enteric vaccine in last month
* receipt of killed oral cholear vaccine

Primary outcomes:
measure: Proportion of subjects exhibiting 4-fold or greater rises in titers of serum vibriocidal antibodies, relative to baseline
timeFrame: 14 days after each dose of vaccine or placebo
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Geometric mean serum vibriocidal titers compared to baseline
timeFrame: 14 days after each dose
measure: Proportion of subjects with any of the following adverse events: immediate reactions within 30 minutes after each dose and up to 3 days after each dose and serious adverse events occurring throughout the trial.
timeFrame: after dosing: 30 minutes to 3 days for adverse events, 28 days for serious adverse events
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Kolkata
country: India
facility: National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
state: West Bengal
Study officials:
affiliation: National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, India
name: Sujit K Bhattacharya
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Kanungo S, Paisley A, Lopez AL, Bhattacharya M, Manna B, Kim DR, Han SH, Attridge S, Carbis R, Rao R, Holmgren J, Clemens JD, Sur D. Immune responses following one and two doses of the reformulated, bivalent, killed, whole-cell, oral cholera vaccine among adults and children in Kolkata, India: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Vaccine. 2009 Nov 16;27(49):6887-93. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.008. Epub 2009 Sep 15.