Clinical trial NCT04557969: Surgery in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) for Treatment, Tumor Modeling, and Genomic Analysis
Official title: Prospective Study of Surgery in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) for Treatment, Tumor Modeling, and Genomic Analysis
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Conditions: Gastric Cancer
Gastric Neoplasm
Gastrointestinal Stromal Sarcoma
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST)
Keywords: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) Therapy
Wild-Type GISTs (WT GISTs)
PDGFRA Mutation
KIT Mutation
SDH Mutation
Natural History
Lead sponsor: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
Sponsor class: NIH
First posted: 2020-09-22
Enrollment: 400
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 6
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Individuals with histologically confirmed or clinical presentation suspicious of GIST.

Brief summary: Objective:

To follow people with GISTs and collect tumor tissue so that it can be studied in the lab.

Eligibility:

People age 6 and older who have a GIST.

Design:

Participants will be screened with a review of their medical records and samples.

Participants will enroll in 1 other NIH study, and may be asked to enroll in 2 other optional NIH studies.

Participants will have a medical history and physical exam. Data about how they function in their daily activities will be obtained.

Participants may speak with a genetic counselor. They may have genetic testing.

Participants will give blood samples. They may have a cheek swab. For this, small brush will be rubbed against the inside of the cheek.

Participants may have a computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. Or they may have a CT scan of the chest and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen and pelvis.

Participants will be monitored every 6-12 months at the NIH Clinical Center, for up to 10 years before having surgery. If they need surgery, it will be performed at the NIH. Then, they will be monitored every 6-12 months, for up to 5 years after surgery.

If a participant has surgery, tumor tissue samples and research specimen will be taken.

If a participant does not need surgery, their participation will end after 10 years. If they have surgery, the 5-year monitoring period will restart after each surgery.

Detailed description: Background:

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common gastrointestinal soft tissue sarcoma, but remain a rare disease entity.

Most GISTs are characterized by KIT or PDGFRA mutations, making them susceptible to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy.

Wild-type (WT) GISTs are rarer tumors, usually characterized by SDH mutations and/or lack of KIT or PDGFRA mutations; paragangliomas are frequently associated with WT GISTs.

Non-WT GISTs may become refractory to TKI therapy, whereas WT GISTs are generally resistant to TKI therapy.

The primary treatment modality for GISTs is surgical resection, which may involve the stomach, liver, and/or peritoneal surfaces; most patients will require multiple operations to remove disease not responsive to systemic agents.

Investigational systemic therapies are limited by toxicity and/or lack of efficacy, resulting in an unmet need for novel treatment options.

Obtaining fresh tumor tissue is critical to the successful development of GIST models for drug research, as well as for next generation tumor genomic sequencing, and to help identify novel targets and/or agents for the treatment of WT and TKI-resistant non-WT GISTs.

Objective:

Evaluate and follow participants with GISTs, particularly WT and treatment-refractory non-WT, to support translational research for this rare disease

Assess disease-free intervals (DFIs) between surgical resection of disease for at least 5 years

Eligibility:

Participants with histologically confirmed or clinical presentation suspicious of GIST.

Design:

Prospective cohort study

Participants with histologically confirmed or clinical presentation suspicious of GIST will enroll on study and will have active surveillance every 9-15 months for up to 10 years prior to and up to 5 years after surgical resection and/or cytoreduction. As participants may have multiple resections during the course of the study, 5-year surveillance post-surgery may be initiated multiple times, relative to the last resection performed.

All participants enrolled will be evaluated for tumor resection or cytoreduction at the start of study and if appropriate, will be offered surgery, otherwise they will be on active surveillance until surgical resection or cytoreduction is clinically indicated.

It is expected that approximately 30-40 participants per year may enroll on this trial; the accrual ceiling will be set at 400 to permit accrual over a 10-year period.

Eligibility criteria: * INCLUSION CRITERIA:
* Histological confirmation or clinical presentation suspicious of GIST; histological confirmation will be preferably by review of archival tissue if available, fresh biopsy will not be required if inadequate tissue sample.
* Age \>= 6 years
* ECOG performance status \<= 2 (Karnofsky or Lansky \>= 60%)
* Ability of participant or parent/guardian to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

- Non-modifiable medical comorbidities that would preclude cytoreductive surgery.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Evaluate and follow patients with GISTs, particularly WT or treatment-refractory non-WT, to support translational research for this rare disease
timeFrame: on-going
measure: Assess disease-free intervals (DFIs) between surgical resection of disease for at least 5 years
timeFrame: surveillance every 6-12 months and time of surgery, until 5 years after last surgical resection (relative to the last resection performed)
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Characterize genomic and clinicopathologic features of GISTs
timeFrame: at clinical visits and follow-up
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Bethesda
country: United States
facility: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
state: Maryland
Study officials:
affiliation: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
name: Andrew M Blakely, M.D.
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: