Clinical trial NCT03637829: Effect of Morning Snack on Cognitive Performance in Adults
Official title: Effect of Mid-morning Snacks on Cognitive Performance, Satiety, Food Intake, and Glycemic Response in Normal Weight Adults
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Nutrition
Cognitive Change
Food Intake Control
Satiety
Keywords: Healthy adults
Cognitive performance
Chocolate
Food intake
Glycemic response
Lead sponsor: Toronto Metropolitan University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2018-08-20
Enrollment: 26
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 35
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Intervention model description: A random and within subject, repeated measures experiment to study the effect of chocolate on cognitive performance, subjective appetite, food intake, and glycemic response in normal weight adults.
Primary purpose: OTHER

Brief summary: To characterize the effects of three chocolate snacks on cognitive performance, subjective appetite, food intake control, and glycemic response in normal weight adults.

Detailed description: On 4 separate mornings, 7 days apart, 12 hours after an overnight fast, and 3 hours after a standardized breakfast of a cereal bar, orange juice and fruit cup, participants will consume isocaloric snacks of white chocolate, 2 types of dark chocolate or control (water), followed by an ad libitum pizza lunch 90 minutes later. Upon arrival, at baseline (0 minutes), participants will be asked to complete the motivation-to-eat, global vigor and subjective emotion visual analogue scales (VAS), a battery of cognitive performance tasks and have blood samples taken, as reported and validated in our previous studies. Over the 90 minute testing period, blood samples will be taken,the VAS questions will be completed and cognitive tasks will be completed. Cognitive performance assessments will include learning and memory, spatial memory, attention and processing speed, and executive functions. VAS measuring physical comfort is completed pre- and post-meal. Ad libitum food intake from a test meal will be measured.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* be between 18 and 35 years of age
* be healthy and have a have body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 24.9
* not be taking any medications, not smoking, and
* not have allergies to chocolate, dairy or gluten
* be tested during the early follicular phase of their menstrual cycle for women

Exclusion Criteria:

* anyone with food sensitivities or allergies to chocolate, dairy or gluten,
* smokers
* diabetic or overweight/obese individuals.
* Restrained eating habits, defined as scoring greater than 11 points on the eating habits questionnaire

Primary outcomes:
measure: Verbal declarative memory
timeFrame: At 15 minutes
measure: Change from baseline spatial memory
timeFrame: At Baseline, 15, 45, and 75 minutes
measure: Change in verbal declarative memory from the 15 minute time-point
timeFrame: At 45 and 75 minutes
measure: Change from baseline executive function
timeFrame: At Baseline, 15, 45, and 75 minutes
measure: Change from baseline working memory and executive function
timeFrame: At Baseline, 15, 45, and 75 minutes
measure: Change from baseline attention and reaction time
timeFrame: At Baseline, 15, 45, and 75 minutes
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Change from baseline subjective average emotions
timeFrame: At Baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes
measure: Change from baseline global vigor
timeFrame: At Baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes
measure: Change from baseline subjective average appetite
timeFrame: At Baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes
measure: Change from baseline blood glucose concentration
timeFrame: At Baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes
measure: Food intake
timeFrame: At 90 minutes
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Toronto
country: Canada
facility: School of Nutrition, Ryerson University
state: Ontario
Study officials:
affiliation: Toronto Metropolitan University
name: Nick Bellissimo, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: