Clinical trial NCT06881472: The Separate and Combined Glucagonotropic Effects of Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Alanine in Subjects With and Without Type 1 Diabetes
Official title: The Separate and Combined Glucagonotropic Effects of Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Alanine in Subjects With and Without Type 1 Diabetes
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION
Phase: NA
Conditions: Type 1 Diabetes
Keywords: GIP
Amino acids
Alanine
Lead sponsor: University Hospital, Gentofte, Copenhagen
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2025-03-18
Enrollment: 10
Sex: MALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 70
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Primary purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE

Brief summary: The hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is naturally produced in the intestine during a meal and stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas. Insulin ensures that nutrients from the meal are transported from the blood into the cells, allowing the body to use it as energy. If blood sugar levels drop too much, the body naturally releases another hormone: glucagon. Glucagon is responsible for the breakdown of nutrients inside the cells, thus causing blood sugar levels to rise again. This occurs, for example, when a person is fasting or in an energy deficit. Unfortunately, glucagon is not released in people with type 1 diabetes when blood sugar levels are low. However, it is known that GIP contributes to the secretion of glucagon during low blood sugar levels in both healthy individuals and those with type 1 diabetes.

Protein intake through the diet is broken down in the body into amino acids. It is known that the ingestion of protein and thus amino acids leads to an increase in glucagon in both healthy individuals and those with type 1 diabetes. This causes the amino acids to be converted into sugar, but also allows potentially harmful waste products from the breakdown to be converted into harmless components. The relationship between GIP and amino acids, as well as their joint effect on glucagon, is still unknown, but studies in mice have shown that if GIP and amino acids are given simultaneously, glucagon secretion will be even higher than if they were administered separately. The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of how the three (GIP, amino acids, and glucagon) are interconnected and affect each other and to see if the experiments conducted in mice yield the same results in healthy individuals and those with type 1 diabetes. Moreover, the secretion of glucagon, and thus the increase in blood sugar, might protect individuals with type 1 diabetes from experiencing low blood sugar. This knowledge could potentially be used for new treatment approaches in diabetes in the future.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Caucasian ethnicity
* Age between 18 and 70 years
* T1D (diagnosed according to the criteria of the World Health Organization) with HbA1c \<69 mmol/mol (\<8.5%)
* Body mass index between 20-27 kg/m2
* T1D duration of 2-20 years
* C-peptide negative (arginin-stimulated C-peptide ≤ 100 pmol/l)
* Treatment with a stable basal-bolus or insulin pump regimen for ≥3 months
* Informed and written consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Anaemia (haemoglobin below normal range)
* Late microvascular complications except mild nonproliferative retinopathy
* Liver disease (alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and/or aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) \>2 times normal values) or history of hepatobiliary disorder
* Treatment with any glucose-lowering drugs beside insulin
* Active or recent (within 5 years) malignant disease
* Active tobacco smoking / use
* Any condition considered incompatible with participation by the investigators

Primary outcomes:
measure: bsAUC of glucagon concentration
timeFrame: From 0-150 minutes
Secondary outcomes:
measure: bsAUC Glucagon 30-90
timeFrame: from 30-90 minutes
measure: bsAUC glucagon 90-150 min
timeFrame: from 90-150 minutes
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Hellerup
country: Denmark
facility: Gentofte Hospital
Study officials:
References: