Clinical trial NCT03800212: Survival and Description of Care for Patients With Degenerate Vaterian Ampulloma
Official title: Study of Survival and Description of Care for Patients With Degenerate Vaterian Ampulloma
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Conditions: Ampullary Adenocarcinoma
Lead sponsor: Federation Francophone de Cancerologie Digestive
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2019-01-11
Enrollment: 402
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: all patients treated for ampullary adenocarcinoma (particularly survival without recurrence and prognostic indicators for excised tumours and the duration of disease control for tumours treated with palliative chemotherapy).

Brief summary: A Vater's ampulloma is a rare digestive tumour which accounts for under 1% of all digestive tumours. The only curative treatment is complete excision (surgical or endoscopic) of the lesions which is possible in 80% of cases , with or without adjuvant treatment. The reference radical treatment is cephalic duodenopancreatectomy (CDP). The indication for adjuvant treatment is still debated: in view of the aggressive nature of the disease and the high recurrence rate, it would appear appropriate to offer adjuvant treatment, although several studies have failed to find any benefit on survival with post-operative radio-chemotherapy, the most widely studied treatment at present, compared to excision alone. At present there are no phase II studies specifically examining medical treatment of degenerated, inoperable Vater's ampullomas. Some groups propose chemotherapies with 5-FU or gemcitabine, analogous to the treatments used for intestinal, pancreatic or biliary tumours, although neither one has been shown to date to be superior to the other, nor have decision-making criteria been clearly established.In conclusion, a national cohort study is proposed to undertake a prospective analysis of the outcome of all patients treated for ampullary adenocarcinoma (particularly survival without recurrence and prognostic indicators for excised tumours and the duration of disease control for tumours treated with palliative chemotherapy). The treatment methods will be left to the free choice of the investigator and all patients may be included, regardless of stage of their disease. In this study, freezing of tumour fragments is encouraged, as this cohort will be supplemented by a later biological study. In order to recruit sufficient patient numbers, the study will be based on participation of the cooperative groups involved in the management of digestive cancers.

Detailed description: A Vater's ampulloma is a rare digestive tumour which accounts for under 1% of all digestive tumours. In terms of incidence, it is the 3rd most common biliary tract tumour after gallbladder cancer and common bile duct cancer. The incidence of ampullary adenocarcinoma is not well known although it is estimated to be around 0.49 per 100,000 people. The known risk factors are familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Gardner's syndrome, HNPCC (Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer) syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Crohn's disease and coeliac disease.

Except in its highly localised forms, ampulla of Vater carcinoma carries a poor prognosis. It is a highly lymphophilic disease which commonly metastasises, particularly to the lymph nodes and liver. The prognosis is however considerably better than that of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In one study which compared 71 ampullomas with 144 adenocarcinomas of pancreatic head, the 5-year survival was 60% for the ampullary carcinomas compared to 20% for pancreatic adenocarcinomas.

More generally, the 5-year survival rate in the literature is between 40-60% and, depending on the study, 10-year survival is approximately 38% .

The only curative treatment is complete excision (surgical or endoscopic) of the lesions which is possible in 80% of cases , with or without adjuvant treatment. The reference radical treatment is cephalic duodenopancreatectomy (CDP). The 5-year survival rate in cases of adenocarcinoma excised by CPD is in the region of 50%, rising to 60-70% if no lymph node invasion is present, compared to 30% when lymph nodes are invaded and median survival is approximately 4.5 years .

The indication for adjuvant treatment is still debated: in view of the aggressive nature of the disease and the high recurrence rate, it would appear appropriate to offer adjuvant treatment, although several studies have failed to find any benefit on survival with post-operative radio-chemotherapy, the most widely studied treatment at present, compared to excision alone . There is only one single randomised study comparing these two forms of management, which shows no benefit in terms of 2 and 5-year survival, although only a small number of patients had an ampullary tumour in this study . The conclusions of several retrospective studies are more subtle, showing results in favour of adjuvant treatment in patients with lymph node disease or a large tumour (T3/T4) .

Some groups have tested the merits of peroperative irradiation. It would appear that this technique does not improve survival, although data on this subject are extremely patchy .

Administration of exclusive adjuvant chemotherapy has been examined in a single randomised study. In this phase III study (ESPAC 3), median overall survival of patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy with FUFOL Mayo for 6 months (n=101) or gemcitabine (n=98) was not significantly improved compared to survival in patients undergoing surgery and not receiving complementary treatment (57.1 versus 43 months, HR= 0.85, p=0.32). A subgroup analysis suggested that the benefit of chemotherapy could be greater in the subgroup of patients with RO resection (p= 0.057, 91% of cases).

Mean survival in patients suffering inoperable tumours is between 9 and 20.4 months depending on the study .

It should be noted however that most of these studies have included tumours other than ampullomas (particularly small bowel adenocarcinomas), making it more difficult to interpret these results, and also that many are old results dating from before the era of modern chemotherapies.

At present there are no phase II studies specifically examining medical treatment of degenerated, inoperable Vater's ampullomas. Some groups propose chemotherapies with 5-FU or gemcitabine, analogous to the treatments used for intestinal, pancreatic or biliary tumours, although neither one has been shown to date to be superior to the other, nor have decision-making criteria been clearly established. One phase II study published in 2009 proposed CAPOX as the reference treatment in light of the promising results obtained. Patients suffering from ampullary cancer in this study however were combined with patients who were suffering from small bowel adenocarcinoma.

In conclusion, a national cohort study is proposed to undertake a prospective analysis of the outcome of all patients treated for ampullary adenocarcinoma (particularly survival without recurrence and prognostic indicators for excised tumours and the duration of disease control for tumours treated with palliative chemotherapy). The treatment methods will be left to the free choice of the investigator and all patients may be included, regardless of stage of their disease. In this study, freezing of tumour fragments is encouraged, as this cohort will be supplemented by a later biological study. In order to recruit sufficient patient numbers, the study will be based on participation of the cooperative groups involved in the management of digestive cancers.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients aged 18 years and older.
* Histologically-proven adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater which is operable or with locoregional or metastatic recurrence after excision less than 6 months previously.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who cannot be followed up regularly for psychological, social, family or geographical reasons.
* Non-ampullary tumours.
* Non-adenocarcinomatous ampullary tumours.
* Ampullary adenocarcinomas which are metastatic or locally advanced from the outset and inoperable.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Overall survival
timeFrame: 5 years
Secondary outcomes:
measure: RECURRENCE FREE SURVIVAL
timeFrame: 3 years
measure: PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL
timeFrame: 5 years
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Abbeville
country: France
facility: Ch D'Abbeville
city: Angers
country: France
facility: Chu Hotel Dieu
city: Annecy
country: France
facility: Ch Annecy Genevois
city: Bayonne
country: France
facility: Ch Cote Basque
city: Bordeaux
country: France
facility: Chu Saint Andre
city: Bordeaux
country: France
facility: Polyclinique Bordeaux Nord Aquitaine
city: Béziers
country: France
facility: Clinique Champeau
city: Clermont-Ferrand
country: France
facility: Chu Estaing
city: Colmar
country: France
facility: Hopitaux Civils de Colmar
city: Corbeil-Essonnes
country: France
facility: Ch - Sud Francilien
city: Dijon
country: France
facility: Chu Francois Mitterrand
city: La Roche-sur-Yon
country: France
facility: Chd Vendee
city: Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
country: France
facility: Le Kremlin Bicetre
city: Lille
country: France
facility: Chu Claude Huriez
city: Limoges
country: France
facility: Hôpital Dupuytren
city: Longjumeau
country: France
facility: Ch Nord Essonne
city: Lyon
country: France
facility: Chu La Croix Rousse
city: Lyon
country: France
facility: Hcl Edouard Herriot
city: Lyon
country: France
facility: Hcl Pierre Benite
city: Marseille
country: France
facility: Hopital de La Timone
city: Marseille
country: France
facility: Hopital Saint Joseph
city: Meaux
country: France
facility: Ch de Meaux
city: Mâcon
country: France
facility: CH MACON
city: Nîmes
country: France
facility: Chu Caremeau
city: Orléans
country: France
facility: Chr Orleans
city: Paris
country: France
facility: Chu Avicenne
city: Paris
country: France
facility: Chu Cochin
city: Paris
country: France
facility: Chu La Pitie Salpetriere
city: Paris
country: France
facility: Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou
city: Perpignan
country: France
facility: Ch Saint Jean
city: Poitiers
country: France
facility: CHU Hôpital de la Milétrie
city: Quimper
country: France
facility: Ch Cornouaille
city: Reims
country: France
facility: CH
city: Saint-Malo
country: France
facility: Ch Saint Malo
city: Strasbourg
country: France
facility: CLINIQUE
city: Vannes
country: France
facility: Ch Bretagne Atlantique
Study officials:
affiliation: Federation Francophone de Cancerologie Digestive
name: Julien TAIEB
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: