Clinical trial NCT02908386: ROCOCO - Adaptive IMRT Versus IMPT in Head and Neck Cancer
Official title: In Silico Clinical Trial on Adaptive Radiotherapy in Oropharynx Cancer, Comparing Photon & Proton Therapy: A Multicentric ROCOCO Planning Study Based on a Reference Dataset.
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: WITHDRAWN
Conditions: Head and Neck Neoplasms
Keywords: Head and neck tumors
Proton
Photon
replanning timing
Lead sponsor: Maastricht Radiation Oncology
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: University of Pennsylvania
First posted: 2016-09-21
Enrollment: 0
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 19
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: RETROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: The study population consists of 10 consecutive patients treated with proton therapy at the University of Pennsylvania (USA). Other treatment modalities for the tumor sites, such as chemotherapy will not be taken into account. Included are H\&N patients who have been treated with radical intent. Each patient will function as his or her own control.

Brief summary: Given the lack of evidence for the benefit of particle therapy in relevant cases, he investigators proposed an in silico trial to investigate the dosimetric effect of contour changes for OAR as well as tumor during chemoradiation in H\&N patients. Photon and proton-therapy will be compared based on dosimetric data on 7 time points during treatment combined with plan robustness. In that way the investigators will be able to assess and compare the optimal timing for replanning for photon and proton therapy.

A database of the University of Pennsylvania (Upenn) consists of 10 patients with head and neck tumors treated with chemo-radiation. Contrast-enhanced CT scans were acquired prior and during RT (T1-T7)

Detailed description: Given that the cost of particle therapy (PT) is considerably higher than that of conventional radiotherapy (RT) with photons, it is necessary to establish whether these higher costs are worthwhile in light of the expected advantages. Thus, clear evidence of the situations in which PT outperforms conventional photon treatment is needed. ROCOCO (Radiation Oncology COllaborative Comparison) is commenced at MAASTRO in May 2007 to evaluate PT's cost-effectiveness .

It is well known that during radiation treatment of head and neck cancer (HN), shrinkage and displacement of tumour and organs at risk (OARs, e.g. parotid glands), as well as weight loss may cause significant radiation dose changes to target volumes and organs at risk , , . These phenomena may cause the necessity to re-plan the treatment at a certain moment in time. In the last years many different treatment planning studies have been performed showing that the optimum moment for re-planning varies: after 20 Gy, 35 or 46 Gy. But what the actual effect of the deformation is on dose in actually treated patients has not been reported.

The investigators propose an in silico trial to investigate the relevance of contour changes for OAR as well as tumor during chemo radiation in H\&N patients which will eventually lead to replanning. In that way the investigators will be able to assess and compare the optimal timing for replanning for photon and proton therapy.

The investigators compare different treatments focusing on the effect of deformation on PTV coverage and normal tissue radiation exposure. A fixed tumor dose, using the same delineation of gross target volume (GTV), clinical target volume (CTV) is used. The planning target volume (PTV) will be determined by each treatment modality.

For the initial plan the best possible dose distribution will be determined using the planning-CT (reference scan). For every time point (CT-scan) the reference treatment plan will be projected on the actual CT scan and the dose will be recalculated without changing the treatment parameters. This will be done using both photons and protons. All treatment uncertainties including robustness will be taken into account. Dose differences in the target volume (CTV-GTV and PTV) and the OAR, as a result of tumor shrinkage during treatment will be evaluated for each time point and each treatment modality.

The objective of this study is to assess plan robustness and the optimal timing for replanning for photon and proton therapy.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* patients with head and neck carcinoma who have been treated with radical intent 10 patients, all with a reference CT scan and CT scans at 7 time points during treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

* patients with no head and neck cancer

Primary outcomes:
measure: Dose distribution
timeFrame: up to 26 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Optimal timing for replanning
timeFrame: up to 26 weeks
Other outcomes:
measure: Plan uncertainties and robustness
timeFrame: up to 26 weeks
Locations:
city: Philadelphia
country: United States
facility: University of Pennsylvania
state: Pennsylvania
Study officials:
affiliation: Maastro Clinic, The Netherlands
name: Philippe Lambin, Prof dr
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
citation: Roelofs E, Engelsman M, Rasch C, Persoon L, Qamhiyeh S, de Ruysscher D, Verhaegen F, Pijls-Johannesma M, Lambin P; ROCOCO Consortium. Results of a multicentric in silico clinical trial (ROCOCO): comparing radiotherapy with photons and protons for non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2012 Jan;7(1):165-76. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e31823529fc.
citation: Barker JL Jr, Garden AS, Ang KK, O'Daniel JC, Wang H, Court LE, Morrison WH, Rosenthal DI, Chao KS, Tucker SL, Mohan R, Dong L. Quantification of volumetric and geometric changes occurring during fractionated radiotherapy for head-and-neck cancer using an integrated CT/linear accelerator system. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004 Jul 15;59(4):960-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.12.024.
citation: Ricchetti F, Wu B, McNutt T, Wong J, Forastiere A, Marur S, Starmer H, Sanguineti G. Volumetric change of selected organs at risk during IMRT for oropharyngeal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011 May 1;80(1):161-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.01.071. Epub 2010 Nov 19.
citation: Geets X, Tomsej M, Lee JA, Duprez T, Coche E, Cosnard G, Lonneux M, Gregoire V. Adaptive biological image-guided IMRT with anatomic and functional imaging in pharyngo-laryngeal tumors: impact on target volume delineation and dose distribution using helical tomotherapy. Radiother Oncol. 2007 Oct;85(1):105-15. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2007.05.010. Epub 2007 Jun 11.