Clinical trial NCT06507345: Postoperative Analgesia Intervention With Non-opioid Alternatives (PAIN-Alt) Trial - Breast Surgery
Official title: Comparative Effectiveness of Opioid Versus Opioid-free Post-discharge Analgesia After Outpatient Breast Surgery: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (PAIN-Alt Trial)
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: NA
Conditions: Post Operative Pain
Opioid Analgesic Adverse Reaction
Surgery
Postoperative Pain
Breast Disease
Keywords: Surgery
Postoperative analgesia
Breast surgery
Opioids
Postoperative pain
Postoperative care
Lead sponsor: McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
First posted: 2024-07-18
Enrollment: 540
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: North America is experiencing a crisis of opioid use and abuse, partially caused by excessive prescribing by doctors. People often receive their first opioid prescription for pain treatment after outpatient breast surgery (i.e., surgery to remove all or parts of the breast(s), where patients leave the hospital the same day). Many patients misuse these drugs and become addicted. Additionally, many of the opioid pills prescribed to patients are left unused and may be misused by family members, friends, or other community members. To prevent this problem, surgeons can avoid prescribing opioids by prioritizing opioid-free analgesia (i.e., pain treatment using only non-opioid interventions). Prescribing only non-opioid pain medications after surgery is very common in many countries outside of North America; however, few studies have assessed whether opioid-free analgesia is as effective as opioid analgesia after breast surgery. Therefore, the main question driving this study is: For patients who undergo outpatient breast surgery, is pain treatment without opioids as good as pain treatment with opioids?

The proposed trial will compare two groups of patients: one group will receive opioids to treat pain after surgery, while the other group will receive only non-opioid medications. The impact of these different medication strategies will be measured on pain intensity, pain interference with daily activities, medication side effects, and other outcomes. An expert team of scientists, surgeons, pain specialists, nurses, and patients has been assembled to maximize the success of this study. The results will provide important information to guide surgeons' decisions to prescribe (or not to prescribe) opioids. If opioid-free analgesia is found to be effective, doctors may be able to substantially reduce opioid prescribing after breast surgery and prevent more people from misusing opioids.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Undergoing mastectomy (i.e., total, modified radical, radical, or skin/nipple sparing) or lumpectomy (i.e., excisional biopsy, partial or segmental mastectomy, oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery) for malignant (cancer) and non-malignant diseases (i.e., ductal carcinoma in situ)
* Planned discharge on the day of the operation.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Immediate breast reconstruction, i.e., implant, tissue-expander, or autologous/flap-based (often leads to higher levels of pain and analgesia requirements)
* Contraindications to the drugs used in the trial in accordance with Health Canada Monographs (i.e., opioid use disorder, pregnancy, breastfeeding, heart failure, allergy/hypersensitivity, peptic ulcer, bleeding disorders, renal or liver impairment)
* Taking opioids preoperatively
* Cognitive impairment precluding patient-reported outcome assessment
* Need for postoperative hospitalization decided before randomization (i.e., same-day discharge cancelled for medical \[e.g., intra-operative complications\] or non-medical reasons \[e.g., lack of support at home\]).

Primary outcomes:
measure: Pain intensity
timeFrame: Postoperative days 1 to 7.
measure: Pain interference
timeFrame: Postoperative days 1 to 7.
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Adverse drug events
timeFrame: Up to 30 days after surgery.
measure: Time to stopping pain medication
timeFrame: Up to 30 days after surgery.
measure: Physical and Mental Health Status
timeFrame: Postoperative weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4, postoperative month 3 and 6.
measure: Opioid misuse
timeFrame: Postoperative weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4, postoperative month 3 and 6.
measure: Satisfaction with pain management
timeFrame: Postoperative day 7.
measure: 30-day postoperative complications
timeFrame: Up to 30 days after surgery.
measure: 30-day unplanned healthcare utilization
timeFrame: Up to 30 days after surgery.
measure: Chronic postsurgical pain
timeFrame: Up to 6 months after surgery.
measure: Persistent opioid use
timeFrame: Up to 6 months after surgery.
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Montreal
country: Canada
facility: McGill University Health Centre (Glen Site)
state: Quebec
Study officials:
affiliation: McGill University
name: Julio Flavio Fiore, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Fiore JF Jr, El-Kefraoui C, Chay MA, Nguyen-Powanda P, Do U, Olleik G, Rajabiyazdi F, Kouyoumdjian A, Derksen A, Landry T, Amar-Zifkin A, Bergeron A, Ramanakumar AV, Martel M, Lee L, Baldini G, Feldman LS. Opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after surgical discharge: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2022 Jun 18;399(10343):2280-2293. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00582-7.
citation: Fiore JF Jr, Olleik G, El-Kefraoui C, Verdolin B, Kouyoumdjian A, Alldrit A, Figueiredo AG, Valanci S, Marquez-GdeV JA, Schulz M, Moldoveanu D, Nguyen-Powanda P, Best G, Banks A, Landry T, Pecorelli N, Baldini G, Feldman LS. Preventing opioid prescription after major surgery: a scoping review of opioid-free analgesia. Br J Anaesth. 2019 Nov;123(5):627-636. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.08.014. Epub 2019 Sep 25.
citation: Do U, El-Kefraoui C, Pook M, Balvardi S, Barone N, Nguyen-Powanda P, Lee L, Baldini G, Feldman LS, Fiore JF Jr; McGill Better Opioid Prescribing Collaboration; Alhashemi M, Antoun A, Barkun JS, Brecht KM, Chaudhury PK, Deckelbaum D, Di Lena E, Dumitra S, Elhaj H, Fata P, Fleiszer D, Fried GM, Grushka J, Kaneva P, Khwaja K, Lapointe-Gagner M, McKendy KM, Meguerditchian AN, Meterissian SH, Montgomery H, Rajabiyazdi F, Safa N, Touma N, Tremblay F. Feasibility of Prospectively Comparing Opioid Analgesia With Opioid-Free Analgesia After Outpatient General Surgery: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Jul 1;5(7):e2221430. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.21430.
citation: Do U, Pook M, Najafi T, Rajabiyazdi F, El-Kefraoui C, Balvardi S, Barone N, Elhaj H, Nguyen-Powanda P, Lee L, Baldini G, Feldman LS, Fiore JF; McGill Better Opioid Prescribing (MBOP) Collaboration. S110-Opioid-free analgesia after outpatient general surgery: A qualitative study focused on the perspectives of patients and clinicians involved in a pilot trial. Surg Endosc. 2023 Mar;37(3):2269-2280. doi: 10.1007/s00464-022-09472-8. Epub 2022 Aug 2.