Clinical trial NCT03496987: Vacuum vs Manual Drainage During Unilateral Thoracentesis
Official title: Vacuum vs Manual Drainage During Unilateral Thoracentesis: A Randomized Trial
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Pleural Effusion
Pleural Diseases
Thoracic Diseases
Keywords: Pleural Effusion
Pleural Drainage
Thoracentesis
Lead sponsor: Yale University
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: National Institute on Aging (NIA)
First posted: 2018-04-12
Enrollment: 100
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 99
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Intervention model description: Patients are randomly assigned immediately before performing the procedure to either of the two investigational arms: manual drainage or vacuum bottle drainage.
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to determine if there are any differences in terms of safety, pain, or drainage speed between thoracenteses via manual drainage vs vacuum suction.

Detailed description: Patients with pleural effusions routinely undergo thoracentesis in which a catheter is placed into the pleural space to remove the fluid both for diagnostic and therapeutic reasons. In this setting, large amounts (often liters) of fluid are removed to palliate the patient's symptoms of breathlessness.

Thoracentesis is the most commonly performed and least invasive method to remove pleural fluid. These frequently performed using a catheter drainage system where a small, flexible temporary catheter is inserted over a needle into the pleural cavity. After insertion of catheter into the pleural space, the operator has two drainage system options: 1. Manual drainage via syringe-pump that connects to drainage bag or 2. Drainage into a vacuum bottle. Both are routinely performed in almost every hospital in the United States.

Pleural pressure (Ppl) is determined by the elastic recoil properties of the lung and chest wall. Normal pleural pressure is estimated to be -3 to -5 cm H20 at functional residual capacity. During drainage of pleural fluid, negative pressure is applied either via syringe during manual drainage or via vacuum using vacuum drainage bottle. Hypothetically more negative pressure can translate to increased perception of pain or visceral pleural injury.

Two techniques (manual vs vacuum drainage) are used based on the operator preference and both are standard of care. To our knowledge there is no head to head comparison of these two available systems of drainages during thoracentesis of pleural effusions. Knowing if one is superior to the other will aid future clinicians.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients undergoing unilateral therapeutic thoracentesis

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with a history of prior significant pleural or lung based procedures/surgeries (not a simple thoracentesis)
* Prior enrollment in this study
* Patients ability to comprehend and consent to this procedure and clearly communicate any pain or other symptoms that arise from this procedure

Primary outcomes:
measure: Pain Change
timeFrame: 5-20 minutes
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Time of Drainage
timeFrame: 5-20 minutes
measure: Number of Patients Who Had an Early Termination of Procedure
timeFrame: 5-20 minutes
measure: Number of Patients Who Had a Complication as a Result of the Procedure
timeFrame: <7 days
measure: Etiology of Effusion
timeFrame: <7 days
measure: Volume of Effusion
timeFrame: <20 minutes
measure: Laterality of Effusion
timeFrame: <20 minutes
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
affiliation: Yale University
name: Jonathan T Puchalski, MD, MEd
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Puchalski JT, Argento AC, Murphy TE, Araujo KL, Pisani MA. The safety of thoracentesis in patients with uncorrected bleeding risk. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2013 Aug;10(4):336-41. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201210-088OC.
citation: Jones PW, Moyers JP, Rogers JT, Rodriguez RM, Lee YC, Light RW. Ultrasound-guided thoracentesis: is it a safer method? Chest. 2003 Feb;123(2):418-23. doi: 10.1378/chest.123.2.418.
citation: Havelock T, Teoh R, Laws D, Gleeson F; BTS Pleural Disease Guideline Group. Pleural procedures and thoracic ultrasound: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010. Thorax. 2010 Aug;65 Suppl 2:ii61-76. doi: 10.1136/thx.2010.137026. No abstract available.
citation: Seneff MG, Corwin RW, Gold LH, Irwin RS. Complications associated with thoracocentesis. Chest. 1986 Jul;90(1):97-100. doi: 10.1378/chest.90.1.97.
citation: Roth BJ, Cragun WH, Grathwohl KW. Complications associated with thoracentesis. Arch Intern Med. 1991 Oct;151(10):2095-6. doi: 10.1001/archinte.151.10.2095a. No abstract available.
citation: Raptopoulos V, Davis LM, Lee G, Umali C, Lew R, Irwin RS. Factors affecting the development of pneumothorax associated with thoracentesis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1991 May;156(5):917-20. doi: 10.2214/ajr.156.5.2017951.
citation: Heidecker J, Huggins JT, Sahn SA, Doelken P. Pathophysiology of pneumothorax following ultrasound-guided thoracentesis. Chest. 2006 Oct;130(4):1173-84. doi: 10.1378/chest.130.4.1173.
citation: Josephson T, Nordenskjold CA, Larsson J, Rosenberg LU, Kaijser M. Amount drained at ultrasound-guided thoracentesis and risk of pneumothorax. Acta Radiol. 2009 Jan;50(1):42-7. doi: 10.1080/02841850802590460.
citation: Feller-Kopman D, Walkey A, Berkowitz D, Ernst A. The relationship of pleural pressure to symptom development during therapeutic thoracentesis. Chest. 2006 Jun;129(6):1556-60. doi: 10.1378/chest.129.6.1556.
citation: BEECH RD. Practical system for thoracentesis using the blood donor set. J Am Med Assoc. 1951 Aug 25;146(17):1597. doi: 10.1001/jama.1951.63670170006011d. No abstract available.
citation: ALBERTSON HA, LEAVITT D, GAMBLE JR. A simple method for doing a thoracentesis using a plasma-collecting vacuum bottle. J Thorac Surg. 1954 Nov;28(5):544-5. No abstract available.
citation: Puchalski JT, Argento AC, Murphy TE, Araujo KL, Oliva IB, Rubinowitz AN, Pisani MA. Etiologies of bilateral pleural effusions. Respir Med. 2013 Feb;107(2):284-91. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2012.10.004. Epub 2012 Dec 7.
citation: Petersen WG, Zimmerman R. Limited utility of chest radiograph after thoracentesis. Chest. 2000 Apr;117(4):1038-42. doi: 10.1378/chest.117.4.1038.
citation: Kelil T, Shyn PB, Wu LE, Levesque VM, Kacher D, Khorasani R, Silverman SG. Wall suction-assisted image-guided therapeutic paracentesis: a safe and less expensive alternative to evacuated bottles. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2016 Jul;41(7):1333-7. doi: 10.1007/s00261-016-0634-x.
citation: Alraiyes AH, Kheir F, Harris K, Gildea TR. How Much Negative Pressure Are We Generating During Thoracentesis? Ochsner J. 2017 Summer;17(2):138-140. No abstract available.