Clinical trial NCT04544787: A Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Candidates
Official title: A Phase 2, Partial Blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Novel Live Attenuated Serotype 2 Oral Poliovirus Vaccines Candidates, in Healthy Adults Previously Vaccinated With Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) or Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV), Compared With Historical Controls Given Sabin OPV2 or Placebo
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Poliomyelitis
Keywords: IPV-primed
adults
vaccination
shedding
genetic stability
safety
neurovirulence
novel polio vaccine candidates
Lead sponsor: Universiteit Antwerpen
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
name: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
name: PATH
name: Celerion
First posted: 2020-09-10
Enrollment: 250
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 50
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: SEQUENTIAL
Intervention model description: In this partial-blind study participants will be randomized into one of the following groups:

OPV-vaccinated adults:

* 1 dose of nOPV2 candidate 1 (Group 1);
* 2 doses of nOPV2 candidate 1 (Group 2);
* 1 dose of nOPV2 candidate 2 (Group 3);
* 2 doses of nOPV2 candidate 2 (Group 4);

IPV-only vaccinated adults:

* 2 doses of nOPV2 candidate 1 (Group 5);
* 2 doses of nOPV2 candidate 2 (Group 6);
* 2 doses of placebo (Group 7).

The first 100 OPV-vaccinated participants will be randomly assigned 1:1 to Groups 3 (1 dose) and 4 (2 doses) to receive nOPV2-c2. The second 100 OPV-vaccinated participants will be randomly assigned 1:1 to Groups 1 (1 dose) and 2 (2 doses) to receive nOPV2-c1. IPV-vaccinated adults will be enrolled in parallel and randomly assigned 2:1 to Group 6 (2 doses of nOPV2-c2) or Group 7 (2 doses of placebo), until Group 6 enrollment is complete, when 2:1 randomization will be continued for Group 5 (2 doses of nOPV2-c1) and Group 7 (2 doses of placebo).
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: This study is designed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of two novel type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (nOPV2) candidates (nOPV2 candidate 1 and nOPV2 candidate 2) in adults. The primary objectives of the study include the general safety and immunogenicity of the two candidate vaccines in healthy volunteers previously vaccinated with Sabin monovalent OPV or inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) only.

Detailed description: Two nOPV2 vaccine candidates have been developed as attenuated serotype 2 polioviruses derived from a modified Sabin 2 infectious complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) clone. nOPV2 Candidate 1 (S2/cre5/S15domV/rec1/hifi3) and nOPV2 Candidate 2 (S2/S15domV/CpG40) were generated by modifying the Sabin-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequence to improve phenotypic stability and make the strains less prone to reversion to virulence. The novel vaccine will eventually be licensed based on 3 criteria: a similar safety profile to the currently licensed monovalent OPV2 (mOPV2) of the Sabin strain, non-inferior immunogenicity, and reduced reversion to virulence.

Due to the withdrawal of Sabin monovalent oral polio vaccine type 2 and prohibition of its use from April 2016 onward, well before the availability of nOPV2 for clinical testing, a head to head comparison of nOPV2 and mOPV2 is not possible. For these reasons, Phase 4 trials have been conducted with Sabin mOPV2 to provide control data on safety, immunogenicity, against which data for nOPV2 in subsequent Phase I and II studies will be evaluated and compared. The Phase 4 trials of Sabin mOPV2 were designed to parallel the expected design of the Phase 1 and 2 nOPV2 studies with respect to overall design, inclusion of similar study cohorts.

This study is designed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of two novel type 2 OPV candidates in adults before testing in young children and then infants. The study will include both OPV-vaccinated and IPV-vaccinated adults to provide safety and immunogenicity data relevant to the decision to advance to future studies with testing in children who have not been exposed to OPV2. The primary objectives of the study include the general safety and immunogenicity of the two candidate vaccines, primarily based on comparison with historical data obtained in a Phase 4 study of Sabin mOPV2 for OPV-vaccinated subjects, in order to establish non-inferior immunogenicity and acceptable safety profile. Assessment of the general safety of the 2 candidate vaccines in IPV-only vaccinated participants will be based on comparison with data from a placebo group.

The phase 4 control study (UAM1) used for the comparison in this study is registered with EudraCT (2015-003325-33). Participants were healthy adults aged 18-50 years with documented history of at least three polio vaccinations, including OPV, and were randomly assigned to either one dose or two doses of monovalent OPV2. Between January and March 2016, 100 volunteers were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive one or two doses of monovalent OPV2 (n=50 in each group).

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. For Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4: healthy males or females, from 18 to 50 years of age inclusive, having previously received at least 3 doses of OPV more than 12 months before the start of the study;
2. For Groups 5, 6 and 7: healthy males or females, from 18 to 50 years of age inclusive, having previously received at least 3 doses of IPV more than 12 months before the start of the study;
3. Having residence in Belgium;
4. In good physical and mental health as determined on the basis of medical history and general physical examination performed at Day 0;
5. Female subjects of childbearing potential must agree to the use of an effective method of birth control throughout the study and up to 3 months after last vaccine dose;
6. Willing to adhere to the prohibitions and restrictions specified in this protocol;
7. Informed Consent Form (ICF) and Code of Conduct signed voluntarily by the subject before any study-related procedure is performed, indicating that the subject understands the purpose of any procedures required for the study and is willing to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. A condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, could compromise the well-being of the subject or course of the study, or prevent the subject from meeting or performing any study requirements;
2. For Groups 5, 6 and 7: ever having received any OPV in the past;
3. Any travel to polio endemic countries or countries with evidence of recent (within last 6 months) wild or vaccine-derived poliovirus circulation during the total duration of the study;
4. Professional handling of food, catering or food production activities during the total duration of the study;
5. Having Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis or having had major surgery of the gastrointestinal tract involving significant loss or resection of the bowel;
6. A known allergy, hypersensitivity, or intolerance to the study vaccine or the placebo, or to any of their components or to any antibiotics;
7. Any confirmed or suspected immunosuppressive or immunodeficiency condition (including human immunodeficiency virus \[HIV\] infection, hepatitis B or C infections or total serum immunoglobulin A \[IgA\] level below laboratory lower limit of normal \[LLN\]);
8. Will have household or professional contact with known immunosuppressed people or people without full polio vaccination (i.e. complete primary infant immunization series), e.g. babysitting during the total duration of the study;
9. Neonatal nurses or others having professional contact with children under 6 months of age during the total duration of the study;
10. Chronic administration (i.e., longer than 14 days) of immunosuppressant drugs or other immune-modifying drugs within 6 months prior to the first vaccine dose or planned use during the study. For instance, for corticosteroids, this means prednisone, or equivalent, ≥ 0.5 mg/kg/day (inhaled and topical steroids are allowed whereas intra-articular and epidural injection/administration of steroids are not allowed);
11. Presence of contraindications to administration of the study vaccine on Day 0: acute severe febrile illness deemed by the Investigator to be a contraindication for vaccination or persistent diarrhea or vomiting;
12. Indications of drug abuse or excessive use of alcohol at Day 0 (males: \> 21 units/week; females \> 14 units/week);
13. Being pregnant or breastfeeding. Women of childbearing potential will undergo a urine pregnancy test at each vaccination visit. Subjects with a positive pregnancy test will be excluded;
14. Participation in another clinical study within 28 days prior to entry in this study or receipt of any investigational product (drug or vaccine) other than the study vaccine within 28 days prior to the first administration of study vaccine, or planned use during the study period;
15. Administration of any vaccine other than the study vaccine within 28 days prior to the first dose of study vaccine and during the entire study period;
16. Administration of any polio vaccine within 12 months before the start of the study;
17. Having had a transfusion of any blood product or application of immunoglobulins within the 4 weeks prior to the first administration of study vaccine or during the study;
18. Subject is an employee of the Investigator or study site, with direct involvement in the proposed study or other studies under the direction of that Investigator or study site, or is a family member of an employee or the Investigator, or was a study subject in the historical control studies UAM1 or UAT1 or in the study UAM4a (NCT03430349);
19. Having a family or household member participating in the study CVIA 065 (NCT04232943) or being a study subject in the study CVIA 065.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) and Severe Adverse Events
timeFrame: Up to 42 days after each vaccination
measure: Seroprotection Rate After a Single Dose of Novel OPV2 in Former OPV Recipients
timeFrame: Baseline (Day 0 prior to vaccination) and Day 28
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Number of Former OPV Recipients With Solicited Adverse Events Within 7 Days of Vaccination With Novel OPV2
timeFrame: Up to 7 days after each dose (Day 0-7 post-dose 1 and Day 28-35 post-dose 2)
measure: Number of Former IPV Recipients With Solicited Adverse Events After Vaccination With Novel OPV2
timeFrame: 7 days post-dose (Day 0-7 post-dose 1 and and Day 28-35 post-dose 2)
measure: Number of Participants With Unsolicited Adverse Events
timeFrame: Up to 42 days after each vaccination
measure: Number of Former OPV Recipients With Clinically Relevant Laboratory Abnormalities Up to 28 Days After Each Vaccination
timeFrame: Day 0, Day 7, Day 14, and Day 28 for Groups 1-4 and at Day 35, Day 42, and Day 56 for participants in Groups 2 and 4
measure: Number of Former IPV Recipients With Clinically Relevant Laboratory Abnormalities Up to 28 Days After Each Vaccination
timeFrame: Day 0, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28, Day 35, Day 42 and Day 56
measure: Anti-Poliovirus Type-2 Neutralizing Antibody Titers After A Single Dose of Novel OPV2
timeFrame: Day 0 and Day 28
measure: Seroprotection Rate 28 Days After Two Doses of Novel OPV2 in Former OPV Recipients
timeFrame: Day 56
measure: Seroprotection Rate in Former IPV Recipients
timeFrame: Day 0, Day 28, and Day 56
measure: Seroconversion Rate After a Single Dose of Novel OPV2 in Former OPV Recipients
timeFrame: Day 28
measure: Seroconversion Rate After Two Doses of Novel OPV2 in Former OPV Recipients
timeFrame: Day 56
measure: Seroconversion Rate in Former IPV Recipients
timeFrame: Day 28 and Day 56
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Wilrijk
country: Belgium
facility: Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp
state: Antwerp
city: Ghent
country: Belgium
facility: CEVAC, Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University Hospital
Study officials:
affiliation: Centre for the evaluation of vaccination
name: Pierre Van Damme, Prof. MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: De Coster I, Leroux-Roels I, Bandyopadhyay AS, Gast C, Withanage K, Steenackers K, De Smedt P, Aerssens A, Leroux-Roels G, Oberste MS, Konopka-Anstadt JL, Weldon WC, Fix A, Konz J, Wahid R, Modlin J, Clemens R, Costa Clemens SA, Bachtiar NS, Van Damme P. Safety and immunogenicity of two novel type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine candidates compared with a monovalent type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine in healthy adults: two clinical trials. Lancet. 2021 Jan 2;397(10268):39-50. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32541-1. Epub 2020 Dec 9.