Clinical trial NCT00092222: Virotherapy and Natural History Study of KHSV-Associated Multricentric Castleman s Disease With Correlates of Disease Activity
Official title: Targeted Oncolytic Virotherapy and Natural History Study of KSHV-Associated Multicentric Castleman's Disease With Laboratory and Clinical Correlates of Disease Activity
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Lymphoproliferative Disorder
HHV-8
Malignancy
HIV
Keywords: HHV-8
HIV
Malignancy
Lymphoproliferation
Lymph Node Hyperplasia
Multicentric Castleman DIsease
MCD
KSHV-MCD
KSHV Associated MCD
HIV Infections
Herpes Viruses
Lead sponsor: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
Sponsor class: NIH
First posted: 2004-09-22
Enrollment: 75
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: This study will gain information about a rare disorder called KSHV-associated multicentric Castleman s disease (MCD). KSHV, a virus, causes several kinds of cancer, including some forms of MCD. KSHV stands for the Kaposi s sarcoma herpes virus, also called human herpes virus-8, or HHV-8. Researchers want to understand the biology of KSHV-MCD to identify how this disease causes illness and to find ways to treat it. There is no standard therapy effective for all cases of KSHV-MCD. The disease is often fatal, and about half the people who have it die within 2 years of diagnosis.

Participants ages 18 and older may be eligible for this study. Participation entails more drawing of blood and having repeated tumor biopsies than if patients received treatment in a non-research setting. Researchers would like to learn more about the relationship of KSHV and Castleman s disease symptoms, and they want to obtain at least three biopsies in this study.

There are some side effects of experimental therapy that participants may take for KSHV-MCD. Zidovudine, or Retrovir , is used at a high dose. It is given orally or through a vein, four times daily, for 7 days or longer. Zidovudine can cause nausea, vomiting, decreased bone marrow function, and decreased blood counts. Combined with valganciclovir, or Valcyte , it is likely to be more toxic to bone marrow. Valganciclovir can cause problems with bone marrow function, leading to low blood counts, sterility, and defects in a fetus. Combined with zidovudine, valganciclovir may cause more toxicity to the bone marrow. It is given twice daily for 7 days or longer. Bortezomib, or Velcade , is given for a few seconds by a rapid push through a needle into the vein. It is given twice weekly for four doses and then stopped for 1 week. Bortezomib can sometimes cause low blood pressure; it also can cause gastrointestinal problems and a low blood platelet count. Rituximab and liposomal doxorubicin are drugs given by a catheter into a vein. Interferon-alpha is given by injection into the skin. Those drugs are not experimental, but their use in Castleman s disease is experimental.

Some participants may be treated with a combination of chemotherapy followed by interferon-alpha. Interferon-alpha is infected into the skin by a needle. The natural form of interferon is produced by the body and helps to control viral infections. KSHV decreases the effect of the body s interferon, and the researchers want to see if giving higher doses of interferon will help to control KSHV infection.

A positron emission tomography (PET) scan, for research purposes only, may be done up to three times a year. A radioactive sugar molecule called fluorodeoxyglucose, or FDG, is used. It is believed that activated lymphocytes that may be found in participants disease might use more FDG because these cells burn more glucose fuel.

This study may or may not have a direct benefit for participants. However, detailed assessments made throughout the study may provide information to help the doctors treat KSHV-MCD better.

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Detailed description: Background:

* Multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) is a rare but lethal Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) associated lymphoproliferative disorder with a median survival of 2 years. It occurs more often in HIV-infected individuals than those without HIV infection. The poor prognosis is not fully explained by the underlying HIV, as the HIV-negative cases appear to have no survival advantage over the HIV-positive cohort. The disease has no defined standard treatment and has not been prospectively studied in a comprehensive manner.
* KSHV-MCD may provide a model for the development of targeted oncolytic virotherapy or other pathogenesis-based approaches to viral-associated malignancies. In KSHV-MCD, viral encoded tyrosine kinase genes appear to be possible targets to exploit in a virotherapy approach. Specific viral encoded genes appear to convert zidovudine and ganciclovir (or valganciclovir) into toxic phosphorylated moieties within the KSHV-infected tumor cells, to specifically target the KSHV-infected cells thus leading to specific cell death. If successful, this could have direct therapeutic benefit to participants and also provide a model for further development of this approach in other tumors.

Objectives

-To study and describe the natural history of KSHV-MCD.

Eligibility

* Age greater than or equal to 18 years
* Biopsy proven KSHV-associated MCD

Design

* Natural History study
* Inclusion of treatment as needed, with guidelines for preliminary investigation of a variety of specific treatments of interest

  * High-dose zidovudine and ganciclovir
  * High-dose zidovudine and ganciclovir and bortezomib
  * Sirolimus
  * Rituximab with liposomal doxorubicin followed by interferon-alpha
  * Rituximab with EPOCH chemotherapy

Eligibility criteria: * INCLUSION CRITERIA:

Age greater than or equal to 18 years.

Biopsy proven KSHV-associated MCD, confirmed in the Laboratory of Pathology, CCR.

Willing to give informed consent.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

Any abnormality that would be scored as NCI CTC Grade IV toxicity that is unrelated to HIV, its treatment, or to MCD that would preclude protocol treatment and/or observation only.

Presence of another malignancy requiring current treatment that would preclude the use of all of the study treatments or the ability to monitor the natural history of MCD untreated.

Pregnant women are excluded from this study as certain of the study agents have the potential for teratogenic effects

Any condition or set of circumstances that in the opinion of the investigators would make participation in this study unsafe or otherwise inappropriate for a given individual.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Describe natural history
timeFrame: Study Closure
Secondary outcomes:
measure: overall survival
timeFrame: Study Closure
measure: Number of flares
timeFrame: Study closure
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Bethesda
country: United States
facility: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
state: Maryland
Study officials:
affiliation: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
name: Robert Yarchoan, M.D.
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
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citation: Gaidano G, Capello D, Pastore C, Antinori A, Gloghini A, Carbone A, Larocca LM, Saglio G. Analysis of human herpesvirus type 8 infection in AIDS-related and AIDS-unrelated primary central nervous system lymphoma. J Infect Dis. 1997 May;175(5):1193-7. doi: 10.1086/593456.
citation: Oksenhendler E, Duarte M, Soulier J, Cacoub P, Welker Y, Cadranel J, Cazals-Hatem D, Autran B, Clauvel JP, Raphael M. Multicentric Castleman's disease in HIV infection: a clinical and pathological study of 20 patients. AIDS. 1996 Jan;10(1):61-7.
citation: Uldrick TS, Polizzotto MN, Aleman K, Wyvill KM, Marshall V, Whitby D, Wang V, Pittaluga S, O'Mahony D, Steinberg SM, Little RF, Yarchoan R. Rituximab plus liposomal doxorubicin in HIV-infected patients with KSHV-associated multicentric Castleman disease. Blood. 2014 Dec 4;124(24):3544-52. doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-07-586800. Epub 2014 Oct 20.
citation: Polizzotto MN, Uldrick TS, Wang V, Aleman K, Wyvill KM, Marshall V, Pittaluga S, O'Mahony D, Whitby D, Tosato G, Steinberg SM, Little RF, Yarchoan R. Human and viral interleukin-6 and other cytokines in Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-associated multicentric Castleman disease. Blood. 2013 Dec 19;122(26):4189-98. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-08-519959. Epub 2013 Oct 30.
citation: Ramaswami R, Lurain K, Polizzotto MN, Ekwede I, Waldon K, Steinberg SM, Mangusan R, Widell A, Rupert A, George J, Goncalves PH, Marshall VA, Whitby D, Wang HW, Pittaluga S, Jaffe ES, Little RF, Uldrick TS, Yarchoan R. Characteristics and outcomes of KSHV-associated multicentric Castleman disease with or without other KSHV diseases. Blood Adv. 2021 Mar 23;5(6):1660-1670. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020004058.
citation: Uldrick TS, Polizzotto MN, Aleman K, O'Mahony D, Wyvill KM, Wang V, Marshall V, Pittaluga S, Steinberg SM, Tosato G, Whitby D, Little RF, Yarchoan R. High-dose zidovudine plus valganciclovir for Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-associated multicentric Castleman disease: a pilot study of virus-activated cytotoxic therapy. Blood. 2011 Jun 30;117(26):6977-86. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-11-317610. Epub 2011 Apr 12.