Clinical trial NCT05009433: HIIT vs MICT During Pregnancy and Health and Birth Outcomes in Mothers and Children
Official title: The Effect of Pre- and Postnatal High Intensity Interval Training and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training on Biological, Functional and Psychological Markers of Pregnancy Disorders and Non-communicable Diseases in Mothers and Offsprings
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: NA
Conditions: Pregnancy
Postpartum
Childbirth
Health Status
Physical Fitness
Noncommunicable Diseases
Metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Body Composition
Back Pain
Pain Threshold
Biomechanics
Pelvic Floor Disorders
Urinary Incontinence
Cognitive Function
Depression
Anxiety
Keywords: Pregnant women
Prenatal care
Postpartum women
Postnatal care
Exercise
Physical activity
Exercise intervention
Educational intervention
Exercise test
High-intensity interval training
Moderate-intensity continuous training
Health Status
Physical fitness
Childbirth
Birth outcomes
Infant
Child
Lead sponsor: Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Medical University of Gdansk
name: University of Gdansk
name: Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin
First posted: 2021-08-17
Enrollment: 600
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 45
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Intervention model description: The study model is parallel in the two subgroups. The first subgroup consists of pregnant women who will be assigned to one of the three interventions: high intensity interval training program, moderate intensity continuous program or educational program on healthy lifestyle. The second subgroup will be age-matched nonpregnant women and they will be also assigned to the above three interventions. The pregnant women will be evaluated both in comparison to other pregnant women intervention groups and to the appropriate control non-pregnant groups.
Primary purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE

Brief summary: Regular exercise during pregnancy and postpartum leads to health benefits for mother and child. Inactivity during pregnancy and after delivery is now treated as risky behavior. Physically active pregnant women significantly less often suffer from, among others, gestational diabetes, excessive weight gain, lipids disorders, hypertension, preeclampsia, depressive symptoms, functional and structural disorders, including stress urinary incontinence, back pain or diastasis recti abdominis (DRA). Prenatal physical activity reduces the risk of premature delivery and miscarriage, fetal macrosomia, complications in labor or the risk of metabolic disorders in children.

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has become one of the most popular trends in the fitness sector. The effectiveness of HIIT on a number of health indicators has been proven in various populations but limited data are available on HIIT during pregnancy.

The first hypothesis is that the HIIT, implemented during pregnancy and after childbirth, as a stronger exercise stimulus, will have a better impact on selected biological and psychological parameters of mothers, as well as on selected health parameters of their children, compared to the MICT (moderate intensity continuous training). Therefore, it promises better preventive effects on pregnancy complications and ailments as well as non-communicable diseases occurring in these populations. In the second hypothesis, it was assumed that HIIT and MICT implemented during pregnancy and after childbirth, tailored to the specific needs of the perinatal period, will not differ in the effectiveness of maintaining normal functional parameters in women, including prevention of urinary incontinence, back pain, DRA, etc.

Pregnant women who apply for the study will be divided into three groups: those attending the HIIT, MICT or educational programs. During the study, the participants will be under standard obstetric care. As comparative groups, non-pregnant women will be also recruited.

The investigators will collect data on selected biological, functional and psychological parameters in the study women at each trimester of pregnancy, during the puerperium and one year after childbirth. The data from the medical documentation on the course of childbirth and the assessment of the new-born, as well as the results of preventive examinations in the study women's children aged one, two, four and six years will be also analyzed.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

Criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

For pregnant women:

1. course of pregnancy allowing participation in physical activities adapted to pregnant women
2. consent of the obstetric care provider to participate in the study tests and exercise classes;
3. taking part in all diagnostic and control tests to assess selected biological, functional and psychological parameters at each trimester of pregnancy, during the puerperium and one year after childbirth;
4. participant's consent to use data from the medical documentation on the course of childbirth and the assessment of the new-born, as well as the results of preventive examinations in children aged one, two, four and six, routinely performed according to the Polish pediatric care system;
5. availability to participate in classes three times a week until the day of delivery;
6. declaration of participation in postpartum classes at least once a week and self-completion of the exercise program according to written instructions prepared by the exercise specialist;
7. women can participate in the exercise programs regardless of their level of fitness or exercise capacity, as well as the level of motor skills (based on the diagnostic exercise tests, the exercise program will be tailored to the individual needs and capabilities of a woman).

For nonpregnant women:

1. nulliparous;
2. lack of diagnosed infertility and other disorders of the reproductive system;
3. taking part in all diagnostic and control tests to assess selected biological, functional and psychological parameters at indicated time points: before and after each of the 8-week exercise program during the first 8 months of the study and once every 3 months during the following twelve months of the study
4. declaration of availability to participate in exercise classes three times a week for the first 8 months of the program (attendance at least 80% is required);
5. declaration of participation in classes at least once a week and self-completion of the exercise program to the required 150 minutes of physical activity per week, according to the written guidelines prepared by the instructor, for the next 12 months of the program;
6. women can participate in the exercise program regardless of their level of fitness or exercise capacity, as well as the level of motor skills (based on the diagnostic exercise tests, the exercise program will be tailored to the individual needs and capabilities of a woman).

Exclusion Criteria for Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women:

1. contraindications to increased physical effort or to any of the diagnostic or control tests;
2. allergies to materials used during diagnostic and control tests (e.g. nickel present in steel plates of vaginal electrodes, disinfectants);
3. other conditions that, according to the researchers, will threaten the health or safety of the participants or will significantly affect the quality of the collected data.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Changes in maternal oxygen consumption, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in maternal heart rate, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in systolic blood pressure, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in diastolic blood pressure, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in blood glucose level, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in triglycerides, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in high-density lipoproteins, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in urea, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in creatinine, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in maternal weight, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in maternal Body Mass Index during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in maternal neuromuscular activity of pelvic floor muscles, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire score, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in the Urogenital Distress Inventory score, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in the inter-rectus distance, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in the center of pressure excursions (static balance), during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in lumbar spine mobility, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in cervical spine mobility, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in foot loading, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters: step length, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters: step width, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in the hand grip strength, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in the pressure pain tolerance in the hand area, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in the pressure pain tolerance in the forearm area, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in number of errors in the Stroop Interference test (version S8: congruent/incongruent), during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in reaction time based on the Stroop Interference test (version S8: congruent/incongruent), during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in the Beck Depression Inventory - II score, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in the Fear of Childbirth questionnaire scores, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in cortisol level in hair, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Complications of pregnancy: gestational diabetes mellitus
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the pregnant women groups before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks) until childbirth.
measure: Complications of pregnancy: gestational hypertension
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the pregnant women groups before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks) until childbirth.
measure: Complications of pregnancy: preeclampsia
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the pregnant women groups before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks) until childbirth.
measure: Complications of fetal development: fetal growth restriction
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the pregnant women groups before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks) until childbirth.
measure: Complications of fetal development: fetal macrosomia
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the pregnant women groups before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks) until childbirth.
measure: Childbirth parameters: type of delivery
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the pregnant women groups in the first two months after their childbirth.
measure: Childbirth parameters: new-born's birth weight
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the pregnant women groups in the first two months after their childbirth.
measure: Childbirth parameters: new-born's length
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the pregnant women groups in the first two months after their childbirth.
measure: Childbirth parameters: APGAR score
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the pregnant women groups in the first two months after their childbirth.
measure: Childhood outcomes: changes in body weight
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the offsprings at one, two, four and six years of age.
measure: Childhood outcomes: changes in body height
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the offsprings at one, two, four and six years of age.
measure: Childhood outcomes: changes in Body Mass Index
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the offsprings at one, two, four and six years of age.
measure: Childhood outcomes: changes in systolic blood pressure
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the offsprings at one, two, four and six years of age.
measure: Childhood outcomes: changes in diastolic blood pressure
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the offsprings at one, two, four and six years of age.
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Changes in maternal carbon dioxide production, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in maternal minute ventilation, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in maternal respiratory rate, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in maternal exercise capacity, expressed in administered load, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in total cholesterol, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in low-density lipoproteins, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in insulin concentration, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in irisin concentration, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in leptin concentration, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in adiponectin concentration, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in albumin, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in sodium, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in potassium, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in maternal amount of body fat, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in maternal lean body mass, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in maternal skeletal muscle mass, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in maternal body water, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in the technique of voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in maternal neuromuscular activity of pelvic floor muscles in contractions combining pelvic floor and synergistic muscles, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in the Oswestry Disability Index, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters: gait speed, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters: stride duration, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters: stance duration, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in the SF-12 Physical Score, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in the SF-12 Mental Score, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in the Flourishing Scale score, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in the Fear of COVID-19 Scale score during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in the pressure pain threshold in the hand area, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in the pressure pain threshold in the forearm area, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in serum cortisol level, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in serum oxytocin level, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in serum dopamine level, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in serum adrenaline level, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Changes in serum serotonin level, during and after pregnancy
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Childbirth parameters: gestational age at birth
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the pregnant women groups in the first two months after their childbirth.
measure: Childbirth parameters: length of labor
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the pregnant women groups in the first two months after their childbirth.
measure: Childbirth parameters: induction of labor
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the pregnant women groups in the first two months after their childbirth.
measure: Childbirth parameters: episiotomy
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the pregnant women groups in the first two months after their childbirth.
measure: Childbirth parameters: perineal lacerations
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the pregnant women groups in the first two months after their childbirth.
measure: Childbirth parameters: the use of anesthetics
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the pregnant women groups in the first two months after their childbirth.
measure: Childbirth parameters: labor complications
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the pregnant women groups in the first two months after their childbirth.
measure: Childbirth parameters: neonatal intensive care unit
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the pregnant women groups in the first two months after their childbirth.
measure: Childhood outcomes: changes in percentage of body fat
timeFrame: The data will be collected from the offsprings at one, two, four and six years of age.
measure: Covid-19 disease
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
Other outcomes:
measure: The level of physical activity based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention and after the completion of each training or educational cycle (during the first 8 months or until birth each training or education cycle lasts 8 weeks; during the next 12 months each cycle lasts 3 months).
measure: Ten Item Personality Inventory score
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention.
measure: Life Orientation Test - Revised score
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention.
measure: The Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene polymorphism
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention.
measure: The Mu-Opioid Receptor Genetic Polymorphism (OPRM1)
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention.
measure: The serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism
timeFrame: Before starting the intervention.
Locations:
city: Gdańsk
country: Poland
facility: Laboratory of Physical Effort and Genetics in Sport at Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport
state: Pomorskie
Study officials:
affiliation: Gdansk University of Physical Activity and Sport
name: Anna N Szumilewicz, Assoc. Prof.
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
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