Clinical trial NCT06990022: Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse (Small-Sided Soccer Games)
Official title: Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Reduces Perceived Exertion and Mental Fatigue, and Improves Technical Actions During Small-Sided Soccer Games
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Performance
Soccer
Carbohydrate
Mental Fatigue
Technical Skill
Keywords: Game-based training
Carbohydrate
Game performance
Psychophysiological
Performance analysis
Lead sponsor: Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2025-05-25
Enrollment: 16
Sex: MALE
Minimum age (years): 14
Maximum age (years): 16
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Intervention model description: Crossover Assignment
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The present study evaluated the influence of carbohydrate mouth-rinsing (CHO- MR) and placebo (PLA) conditions on the psychophysiological responses, kinematic profiles, and technical performance of young male soccer players in 4-Small sided games (SSGs). The study participants were involved in a randomized, double-blind, repeated-measures design that employed 3 sessions (familiarization, CHOMR and PLA) over fifteen days at a testing facility. Participants took part in two test sessions one week apart. CHO solution was a maltodextrin-based mixture containing 6.4% maltodextrin (Protein Ocean, Türkiye). The PLA solution consisted of pure water. Both solutions were made indistinguishable by incorporating 50 mg of a non-calorific artificial sweetener and 50 mg og sucralose (Fibrelle, Türkiye). A 25-ml bolus of 6.4% maltodextrin solution was utilized in a pre-weighed plastic cup, with sucralose water tested as PLA for each rinse solution.

Detailed description: The current study used a double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced crossover design to compare the effects of CHOMR or PLA on psychophysiological, kinematic responses and technical actions during 4-a-side SSGs. The study intervention programs lasted the same time of the day during separate training sessions in the in-season to avoid various chronobiological factors. The average temperature was 30 °C, with a relative humidity of 35% of the baseline assessments. Second assessments were recorded that the average temperature was 31 °C with a 35% relative humidity. Before the SSGs sessions, anthropometric characteristics were assessed. Players also completed the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (YYIRTL-1) to balance the groups and equally distribute players among SSGs teams based on maximal oxygen uptake ( 2max). The order of different SSGs (CHOMR or PLA) and solutions (MR or PLA) was determined by randomization (www.randomization.com). Each SSGs was separated at least one week apart to minimize the potential negative impact of physical and psychological fatigue on game performance. Continuous monitoring and recording of the heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), enjoyment and mental fatigue (MF), kinematic responses, and technical actions were conducted during all SSGs. Mood responses were assessed before and after each SSGs. UEFA A licenced strength and conditioning coaches consistently implemented all SSGs sessions on an artificial soccer pitch with verbal coach encouragement.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Being healthy
* Male soccer players
* Willing to maintain the intervention for all sessions

Exclusion Criteria:

* Being under 14 years old
* Having a chronic disease
* Contraindication for carbohydrate mouth-rinsing (CHO-MR)

Primary outcomes:
measure: Psychophysiological Responses-Heart Rate
timeFrame: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
measure: Psychophysiological Responses-Rating of Perceived Exertion
timeFrame: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
measure: Psychophysiological Responses-Enjoyment-Brunel mood of states
timeFrame: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
measure: Psychophysiological Reactions-Mood Rating
timeFrame: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
measure: Psychophysiological Responses-Mental Fatigue Assessment
timeFrame: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
measure: Evaluating the total distance (TD)
timeFrame: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
measure: Assessment of high intensity running distance (HIMD)
timeFrame: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
measure: Evaluation of sprint (SD)
timeFrame: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
measure: Evaluating acceleration (ACC) and deceleration (DCC)
timeFrame: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Anthropometric Measurements 1
timeFrame: Baseline
measure: Anthropometric Measurements 2
timeFrame: Baseline
measure: Anthropometric Measurements 3
timeFrame: Baseline
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Tokat
country: Turkey
facility: Tokat Gaiosmanpasa University
Study officials:
affiliation: Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University
name: Erdinc Gorgulu, Doctorate
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University
name: Yusuf Soylu, Doctorate
role: STUDY_CHAIR
affiliation: Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University
name: Ersan Arslan, Doctorate
role: STUDY_CHAIR
affiliation: Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University
name: Bulent Kilit, Doctorate
role: STUDY_CHAIR
affiliation: Birmingham City University
name: Neil D. Clarke, Doctorate
role: STUDY_CHAIR
affiliation: Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain
name: Haitham Jahrami, Doctorate
role: STUDY_CHAIR
affiliation: Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
name: Achraf Ammar, Doctorate
role: STUDY_CHAIR
References:
citation: Soylu Y, Chmura P, Arslan E, Kilit B. The Effects of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse on Psychophysiological Responses and Kinematic Profiles in Intermittent and Continuous Small-Sided Games in Adolescent Soccer Players: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, and Crossover Trial. Nutrients. 2024 Nov 15;16(22):3910. doi: 10.3390/nu16223910.
citation: Soylu Y, Ramazanoglu F, Arslan E, Clemente FM. Effects of mental fatigue on the psychophysiological responses, kinematic profiles, and technical performance in different small-sided soccer games. Biol Sport. 2022 Oct;39(4):965-972. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.110746. Epub 2021 Dec 30.