Clinical trial NCT02527135: Text Messaging to Improve HIV Testing Among Young Women in Kenya
Official title: Evaluating Feasibility and Potential Impact of Text Messages on HIV Awareness Among Young Women in Rural Kenya: a Pilot Study
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: HIV Infection
Keywords: SMS
Text messages
Young women
HIV
Lead sponsor: University of Washington
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Grand Challenges Canada
name: National Institutes of Health (NIH)
name: Fogarty International Center of the National Institute of Health
First posted: 2015-08-18
Enrollment: 600
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 24
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether regularly scheduled HIV sensitization text messages (SMS) are effective in increasing HIV testing rates among young women in Kenya.

Detailed description: In Kenya, women have higher rates of infection (6.9%) than men (4.4%) and young women aged 15-24 years are over three times more likely to be infected than young men of the same age group. HIV testing and counseling remains critical to identifying new infections and preventing the spread of HIV but many young women do not test and still continue to engage in high risk behavior.

HIV programs have begun to leverage mobile phones and text messages to increase the reach and scale of interventions. Kenya currently has 32.2 million mobile phone subscribers, representing a 79.2% country penetration. Text messages have been used successfully in Kenya for marketing purposes and have even been demonstrated to increase antiretroviral (ART) adherence. Despite advances in mobile-based applications to improve issues in health, none of these health applications have yet been able to reach the scale of mobile phone-based financial products in Kenya.

Given the potential synergies of text message use and need for HIV testing, a randomized quasi-experimental study was conducted to test whether weekly text messages encouraging HIV testing and improving HIV awareness would increase HIV testing, enhance HIV risk perception and reduce high risk behaviour among young women 18-24 years old in a predominantly rural region in Kenya.

Women in the intervention arm received access to a suite of HIV sensitization text messages sent weekly to increase their awareness of HIV and encourage them to test with the option of texting back for more information to a maximum of three times per week. Women in the control arm did not receive these messages. All women were followed up for six months with monthly SMS surveys collecting data on their HIV testing practices, sexual behaviour and risk perception.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Own a mobile phone which they don't share and which operates on a telecom provider supported by our SMS platform
* Be HIV uninfected (by self report) or not know their HIV status
* Report not having tested for HIV in the preceding 12 months
* Know how to send and receive SMS
* Must consent to the study
* Have regular access to electricity for charging a cell phone

Exclusion Criteria:

* Did not consent to the study
* Did not meet inclusion criteria

Primary outcomes:
measure: First HIV test
timeFrame: End of study (6 months after enrollment)
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Reported sexual behaviour patterns
timeFrame: End of study (6 months after enrollment)
measure: Self perception of risk
timeFrame: End of study (6 months after enrollment)
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Nairobi
country: Kenya
facility: Partners in Health and Research Development (PHRD)
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Washington; Kenyatta National Hospital
name: Njambi Njuguna, MBChB,MPH
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: