Clinical trial NCT04725422: CHronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis International Registry
Official title: CHronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis International Registry (CHOIR)
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Conditions: Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis
Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis
Lead sponsor: Seattle Children's Hospital
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
name: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York
name: Joseph M Sanzari Children's Hospital, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
name: Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
name: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
name: Royal Children's Hospital
name: Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
name: Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
name: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
name: Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
name: Mansoura University
name: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
name: University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
name: Ann & Robert Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
name: Palacky University Olomouc Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Olomouc, Czechia
name: Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, UK
name: University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
First posted: 2021-01-26
Enrollment: 2000
Sex: ALL
Maximum age (years): 21
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Children with a diagnosis of CNO/CRMO who have failed NSAIDs and/or with active spinal lesion

Brief summary: The objective of the study is to establish a prospective disease registry for chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO)/chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) in order to investigate the natural history of the disease and the responses of patients to different clinical managements over 10 years.

Detailed description: Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is an autoinflammatory bone disease that mainly affects children and adolescents. Clinical presentations range from mild and sometimes limited unifocal disease to severe, chronically active or recurrent inflammation of multiple bones. The latter is referred to as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). Here we will use the term "CNO" to refer to the entire spectrum of this disease. CNO can be complicated by vertebral compression fractures, kyphosis, and leg length discrepancy when it is not recognized early or treated adequately. The diagnosis of CNO is made by excluding alternatives in the differential diagnosis including malignancy (leukemia, lymphoma, and primary or metastatic bone tumors), Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and infection. Clinical assessment in conjunction with serum inflammatory parameters and imaging studies, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are crucial for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity of CNO1.

Because of significant variation in clinical treatment practices among pediatric rheumatologists, standardized treatment regimens (consensus treatment plans, CTPs) have been developed within the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA), a North American organization comprised of pediatric rheumatologists and researchers, for CNO patients with an NSAID-refractory course and/or with active spinal lesions2. These CTPs provide an opportunity for pediatric rheumatologists to conduct comparative effectiveness research on CNO through prospective data collection. CRMO/CNO workgroup is comprised of pediatric rheumatologists from North America as well as international colleagues who are interested in collaborating in CNO research. Furthermore, risk factors of severe disease have been described by Wipff et al. based on a large retrospective cohort study3. Their results may be validated by an independent prospective cohort study. To date, there has been only one prospective study on CNO since its first description in 19724. Therefore, we propose to establish this international registry of patients with CNO to accomplish above goals. Long-term outcomes of CNO remains unknown due to the lack of prospective study. It has been estimated that at least 50% of CNO patients continue to need medications for CNO during adulthood. Our study will collect the clinical data and provide valuable data to characterize the long-term outcomes.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* - Age at enrollment is equal to or younger than 21 years of age
* Presence of bone edema on STIR or T2 fat saturation sequence on MRI within 12 weeks of enrollment
* Whole body imaging evaluation (either WB MRI or bone scintigraphy)
* Bone biopsy to exclude infection or malignancy unless bone lesions follow typical distribution or there is IBD, psoriasis, or palmar plantar pustulosis

Exclusion Criteria:

* - History of or current malignancy
* Current infectious osteomyelitis
* Contraindication to the selected treatment agent

Primary outcomes:
measure: The change of CNO disease activity score
timeFrame: 3-6 months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Total number of CNO lesions on MRI
timeFrame: 3-6 months
measure: Safety monitoring
timeFrame: 5 years
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Seattle
country: United States
facility: Seattle Children's Hospital
state: Washington
Study officials:
References:
citation: Zhao Y, Wu EY, Oliver MS, Cooper AM, Basiaga ML, Vora SS, Lee TC, Fox E, Amarilyo G, Stern SM, Dvergsten JA, Haines KA, Rouster-Stevens KA, Onel KB, Cherian J, Hausmann JS, Miettunen P, Cellucci T, Nuruzzaman F, Taneja A, Barron KS, Hollander MC, Lapidus SK, Li SC, Ozen S, Girschick H, Laxer RM, Dedeoglu F, Hedrich CM, Ferguson PJ; Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis/Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis Study Group and the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Scleroderma, Vasculitis, Autoinflammatory and Rare Diseases Subcommittee. Consensus Treatment Plans for Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis Refractory to Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and/or With Active Spinal Lesions. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2018 Aug;70(8):1228-1237. doi: 10.1002/acr.23462. Epub 2018 Jul 12.
citation: Zhao Y, Ferguson PJ. Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis and Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis in Children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2018 Aug;65(4):783-800. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.04.003.
citation: Oliver M, Lee TC, Halpern-Felsher B, Murray E, Schwartz R, Zhao Y; CARRA SVARD CRMO/CNO workgroup. Disease burden and social impact of pediatric chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis from the patient and family perspective. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2018 Dec 14;16(1):78. doi: 10.1186/s12969-018-0294-1.
citation: Beck C, Morbach H, Beer M, Stenzel M, Tappe D, Gattenlohner S, Hofmann U, Raab P, Girschick HJ. Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis in childhood: prospective follow-up during the first year of anti-inflammatory treatment. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12(2):R74. doi: 10.1186/ar2992.
citation: Girschick H, Finetti M, Orlando F, Schalm S, Insalaco A, Ganser G, Nielsen S, Herlin T, Kone-Paut I, Martino S, Cattalini M, Anton J, Mohammed Al-Mayouf S, Hofer M, Quartier P, Boros C, Kuemmerle-Deschner J, Pires Marafon D, Alessio M, Schwarz T, Ruperto N, Martini A, Jansson A, Gattorno M; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (PRINTO) and the Eurofever registry. The multifaceted presentation of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: a series of 486 cases from the Eurofever international registry. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018 Jul 1;57(7):1203-1211. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/key058.
citation: Voit AM, Arnoldi AP, Douis H, Bleisteiner F, Jansson MK, Reiser MF, Weckbach S, Jansson AF. Whole-body Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis: Clinical Longterm Assessment May Underestimate Activity. J Rheumatol. 2015 Aug;42(8):1455-62. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.141026. Epub 2015 May 15.
citation: Wu EY, Oliver M, Scheck J, Lapidus S, Akca UK, Yasin S, Stern SM, Insalaco A, Pardeo M, Simonini G, Marrani E, Wang X, Huang B, Kovalick LK, Rosenwasser N, Casselman G, Liau A, Shao Y, Yang C, Mosa DM, Tucker L, Girschick H, Laxer RM, Akikusa JD, Hedrich CM, Onel K, Dedeoglu F, Twilt M, Ferguson PJ, Ozen S, Zhao Y. Feasibility of Conducting Comparative Effectiveness Research and Validation of a Clinical Disease Activity Score for Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis. J Rheumatol. 2023 Oct;50(10):1333-1340. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.2022-1323. Epub 2023 Jul 1.