louisbrulenaudet/clinical-trials huggingface dataset:
Clinical trial NCT02309229: Sputum Purulence as a Predictor of Cystic Fibrosis Exacerbations: a Prospective Cohort Trial.
Official title: Sputum Purulence as a Predictor of Cystic Fibrosis Exacerbations: a Prospective Cohort Trial.
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Cystic Fibrosis
Keywords: sputum colour
cystic fibrosis
pollution
Lead sponsor: Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2014-12-05
Enrollment: 30
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Patients with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis

Brief summary: To use the sputum colour chart as a predictor for cystic fibrosis exaerbations

Detailed description: Patients will score their sputum purulence daily using three colour charts. They will also score for respiratory and other symptoms.

Primary analysis will focus on the predicting value of sputum purulence on exacerbations. Secondary analysis will evaluate symptoms on exacerbation prediction. A third subanalysis will focus on correlation of daily pollution fluctuations and sputum purulence or symptoms.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis
* Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization
* at least 2 exacerbations in the previous year
* at least 18 years of age

Exclusion Criteria:

* colour blindness

Primary outcomes:
measure: sputum colour evoluation as a predictor for exacerbation
timeFrame: 6 months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: symptoms as a predictor for exacerbations
timeFrame: 6 months
Other outcomes:
measure: pollution and symptoms/exacerbations
timeFrame: 6 months
Locations:
city: Leuven
country: Belgium
facility: University hospital Leuven
state: Vlaams-Brabant
Study officials:
affiliation: Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven
name: Lieven J Dupont, MD, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT06665529: 28-day Mortality Prediction for Critically Ill Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: Physician-nurse vs. Score
Official title: 28-day Mortality Prediction for Critically Ill Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: Physician-nurse vs. Score. A Prospective Observational Study
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Conditions: Mortality Prediction
Lead sponsor: Meir Medical Center
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2024-10-30
Enrollment: 2000
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 99
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: CASE_ONLY
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: All patients admitted to the ICU between 1.1.2025 and 1.1.2027.

Brief summary: There are several scores for predicting mortality within 28 days in the intensive care unit, including APACHE 2, MPM 2 and MODS. These models for predicting mortality can help intensive care physicians to identify patients at high risk of mortality, thus helping them in the decision regarding their admission to the ICU and the management of their care during hospitalization. However, it is not entirely clear whether these models can predict mortality better than an experienced ICU physician or nurse.

The purpose of the study is to compare the ability of a senior ICU physician and nurse to predict mortality within 28 days in intensive care patients and between the predictive ability of three models for mortality prediction, as well as to investigate what were the parameters that particularly influenced the mortality prediction of the medical and nursing staff.

The study will be performed as a prospective observational study and will include approximately 2000 patients. For each patient admitted to intensive care, the risk of mortality will be calculated according to APACHE 2, MPM 2 and MODS. In addition, an independent evaluation by 3 specialist ICU physicians and an experienced ICU nurse will be carried out. The medical and nursing staff's reasons for the risk provided by them will be presented.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* All patients admitted to the ICU between 1.1.2025 and 1.1.2027.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who were hospitalized in the ICU for less than 72 hours.

Primary outcomes:
measure: 28-day mortality prediction by ICU staff vs. mortality scores
timeFrame: 2 years
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Kfar Saba
country: Israel
facility: Meir Medical Center
Study officials:
References:
Clinical trial NCT00594529: Feasibility Study of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Modified FOLFOX6 for Resectable Liver Metastases of Colorectal Cancers
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Colorectal Cancer
Liver Metastasis
Keywords: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Metastatic liver lesions from colorectal cancers
Lead sponsor: Kyoto University Hospital
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2008-01-15
Enrollment: 27
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 20
Maximum age (years): 80
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of liver resection for metastatic, resectable lesions from colorectal cancers after systemic chemotherapy.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Histologically diagnosed as colorectal adenocarcinomas, including cecal, appendiceal, and anal canal cancers.
2. Liver lesions are measurable by spiral CT or SPIO-MRI scans.
3. Extrahepatic lesions include lung metastases which can be resected curatively.
4. Curative resection for metastatic lesions can be performed with residual hepatic functions preserved.
5. No prior treatment histories for liver lesions, including L-OHP regimens, hepatectomy, hepatic arterial infusion, MCT, or RFA
6. No evidence of chronic hepatic diseases which affect systemic chemotherapy and/or surgical resection
7. Performance status (ECOG): 0-1
8. Vital organ functions, including hematopoietic, cardiac, respiratory and renal functions, are preserved.

Exclusion Criteria:

Excluded are cases with conditions as below:

1. Peritoneal or pleural fluid retention to be drained.
2. Multiple malignancies to be treated.
3. Peripheral neural disturbances.
4. Active infectious diseases.
5. Severe watery diarrhea.
6. Mental disturbances.
7. Treatment history of continuous, oral or intravenous steroid therapy.
8. Previous history of ischemic heart diseases.
9. Coexistent severe diseases including pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial pneumonia, ileus, uncontrollable diabetes, cardiac dysfunction, hepatic failure, or renal failure.
10. Pregnant.
11. Previous history of severe drug-induced allergy.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Curative resection rates of liver metastases
timeFrame: 2 years after the operations
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Completion rates of neoadjuvant chemotherapy
timeFrame: 2 years after the operation
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Kyoto
country: Japan
facility: Kyoto University Hospital
Study officials:
References:
citation: Nagayama S, Hasegawa S, Hida K, Kawada K, Hatano E, Nakamura K, Seo S, Taura K, Yasuchika K, Matsuo T, Zaima M, Kanazawa A, Terajima H, Tada M, Adachi Y, Nishitai R, Manaka D, Yoshimura T, Doi K, Horimatsu T, Mitsuyoshi A, Yoshimura K, Niimi M, Matsumoto S, Sakai Y, Uemoto S. Multi-institutional phase II study on the feasibility of liver resection following preoperative mFOLFOX6 therapy for resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancers. Int J Clin Oncol. 2017 Apr;22(2):316-323. doi: 10.1007/s10147-016-1050-5. Epub 2016 Oct 17.
Clinical trial NCT03345329: Development of a Molecular Diagnosing Platform for Relieving Periodontal Symptoms
Official title: Development of a Molecular Diagnosing Platform for Relieving Periodontal Symptoms
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Periodontal Diseases
Peri-Implantitis
Lead sponsor: General Biologicals Corporation
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2017-11-17
Enrollment: 100
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 25
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Observational model: CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: 1. Age≧25
2. 3≦periodontal screening and recording≦4
3. 16 natural teeths and 6 front teeth at lesat
4. GI≧1.25
5. PI≧2

Brief summary: More than ninety percent of adults in Taiwan are suspected to carry periodontal disease, which causes bad breath, swollen and bleeding gums, plaque and even tooth loss. Half of the patients, however, are ignorance these clinical syndromes because of no obvious pain. In this study, the investigators selected six periodontal disease-associated bacteria strains, including Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td) and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) as diagnostic markers. Using real-time PCR and MALDI Biotyper, the investigators will establish the database of oral microorganisms in Taiwanese people, providing periodontal disease clinical markers of high-risk groups and the basis for personal medicine of therapy in the future.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age≧25
2. 3≦periodontal screening and recording≦4
3. 16 natural teeths and 6 front teeth at lesat
4. GI≧1.25
5. PI≧2

Exclusion Criteria:

1. People who have oral lesion, dental braces, denture, mouthwash allergy, or serious systemic disease
2. People who have ever eaten antibiotics and Anti-inflammatory drugs over the last 6 months
3. People who have ever eaten Immunosuppressive drugs, antiepileptic drugs, antihypertensive drugs, or anticoagulant
4. Pregnant women or the woman who eat birth control pills

Primary outcomes:
measure: The change of PSR score, GI, PI, and oral bacteria strains between periodontal disease patients and healthy people after receiving periodontal therapy and using mouthwash
timeFrame: 9 month
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
References:
Clinical trial NCT02167529: Quality of Life After Thyroidectomy (ThyrQol)
Official title: A Prospective, Multicenter and Observational Trial to Evaluate Evolution of Quality of Life (SF-36) After Total Thyroidectomy.
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Total Thyroidectomy
Keywords: Quality of life-Thyroidectomy-Morbidity
Lead sponsor: Nantes University Hospital
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2014-06-19
Enrollment: 890
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: A prospective, non randomized, open, multicenter trial to evaluate quality of life (SF 36) and voice function (VHI questionnaire) before and after totalthyroidectomy

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the evolution of quality of life and voice function with different questionnaires (VIH, SF36) before and after total thyroidectomy.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult over 18 years
* Notice to total thyroidectomy
* Thyroidectomy under cervicotomy or videoscopy
* Existence of a written informed consent of the patient
* Affiliation to a social security
* Possible follow-up for 6 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* Impossibility for the patient to complete the forms
* Impossibility to follow the patient patient with serious disease which impact the quality of life
* Medullary thyroid cancers
* Preoperative examination of vocal cords (if performed) finding a violation of the vocal cords
* Lack of monitoring possible during the 6 months after surgery
* Pregnant women or during lactation
* Minors and adults under guardianship

Primary outcomes:
measure: Evaluate the differences in terms of impact on quality of life among patients without sequelae 6 months after thyroidectomy (laryngeal paralysis or hypoparathyroidism) and patients with hypoparathyroidism. (SF36 v1,3, self-administered questionnaire)
timeFrame: Evaluation at 6 months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Evaluation of the impact of post thyroidectomy laryngeal paralysis on the quality of life (SF36 v1,3, self-administered questionnaire)
timeFrame: Evaluation at 2 and 6 months
measure: Evaluation of difficulties voice after total thyroidectomy (with or without laryngeal complication) (VIH questionnaire)
timeFrame: Evaluation at 2 and 6 months
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Angers
country: France
facility: Angers University Hospital
city: La Roche sur Yon
country: France
facility: CHD La Roche sur Yon
city: Limoges
country: France
facility: Limoges University Hospital
city: Lyon
country: France
facility: Lyon University Hospital
city: Nancy
country: France
facility: Nancy University Hospital
city: Nantes
country: France
facility: Nantes University Hospital
city: Paris
country: France
facility: La Pitié-Salpétrière - AP-HP
Study officials:
affiliation: Nantes University Hospital
name: Eric Mirallié, Pr
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT03884829: A Phase I Study of CYC140, a PLK-1 Inhibitor, in Advanced Leukemias or MDS
Official title: A Phase I Pharmacologic Study of CYC140, a Polo-like Kinase 1 Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Leukemias or Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: TERMINATED
Phase: PHASE1
Conditions: AML, Adult
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
ALL, Adult
CML, Refractory
CLL, Refractory
Keywords: AML, ALL, CLL, CML, MDS, advanced leukemias, leukemia
Lead sponsor: Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
Collaborators: name: M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
First posted: 2019-03-21
Enrollment: 7
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Intervention model description: One to three patients will be entered at a given dose level of CYC140. During the first cycle, all patients will be evaluated for DLTs. If DLT occurs, additional patients (up to 3) will be dosed at that dose. If no additional DLTs observed, dose escalation will continue per protocol. If a DLT does occur, dose escalation will be stopped. At least 6 patients will be treated at the RD to confirm its tolerability.
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: A Phase I Pharmacologic Study of CYC140, a polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Leukemias or Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Detailed description: This is a First in Human, open-label, single arm, dose escalation study in patients with advanced leukemias or myelodysplastic syndromes. Patients will receive CYC140 as a 1 hr infusion once a week for 2 weeks followed by 1 week of rest on an outpatient basis. One treatment cycle is 3 weeks.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of relapsed or refractory advanced leukemias or MDS
* ECOG 0-2
* Adequate renal function
* Adequate liver function
* ≥ 2 weeks from prior chemotherapy, radiation therapy or major surgery
* ≥ 4 weeks from other investigational anticancer therapy
* Agree to practice effective contraception

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known CNS involvement by leukemia
* Currently receiving radiotherapy, biological therapy, or any other investigational agents
* Uncontrolled intercurrent illness
* Pregnant or lactating
* Known to be HIV-positive
* Known active hepatitis B and/ or hepatitis C infection

Primary outcomes:
measure: Number of Patients who experience dose -limiting toxicity (DLT)
timeFrame: At end of cycle 1 (each cycle is 21 days)
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Pharmacokinetic measurement - area under the curve (AUC)
timeFrame: At the end of cycle 1 (each cycle is 21 days)
Other outcomes:
measure: Anti-tumor activity
timeFrame: First dose of CYC140 to 4 weeks after the last dose of CYC140
Locations:
city: Houston
country: United States
facility: MD Anderson Cancer Center
state: Texas
Study officials:
affiliation: M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
name: Gautam Borthakur, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT06670729: Alternatives to Manage Dental Fear
Official title: Psychotherapeutic Effect of Listening to Quran Recitation on Dental Anxiety: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Fear Anxiety
Discomfort
Psychotherapy Intervention Evaluation
Keywords: Quran
fear
discomfort
dentistry
Lead sponsor: Al-Mustansiriyah University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2024-11-01
Enrollment: 30
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: OTHER

Brief summary: This study compares the psychological effects on patients attend the dental clinic by listening to specific audios

Detailed description: Participants of the experimental group listened to Quran recitation using auto-controlled headphones, whereas headphones of the control group participants were silent then the two groups answer questionnaire prepared for this purpose.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* any patient eligible for dental treatment
* willing to participate

Exclusion Criteria: participants

* less than 18 years of age,
* mentally retarded,
* had hearing impairment or deafness

Primary outcomes:
measure: fear
timeFrame: before, during and immediately after dental session
measure: discomfort
timeFrame: during and immediately after dental session
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Baghdad
country: Iraq
facility: College of Dentistry
Study officials:
References:
Clinical trial NCT05149729: Mid-Term Natural Course Postoperative of Crowe Type III-IV Hip Dysplasia
Official title: Mid-Term Natural Course of Lower Extremity and Spine After Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients With Crowe Type III-IV Hip Dysplasia
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: NA
Conditions: Hip Arthropathy
Hip Dysplasia
Lead sponsor: Bezmialem Vakif University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2021-12-08
Enrollment: 20
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Intervention model description: Patients over the age of 18 who underwent Crowe Type 3 and Type 4 shortened hip prosthesis
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Comparison of preoperative and postoperative mid-term course of patients with Crowe Type 3 and Type 4 hip dysplasia.

Detailed description: Crowe type 3 and type 4 patients who underwent shortened hip replacement surgery will be followed up for 2 years.

Patients will be called for routine outpatient controls at the 2nd week, 6th week, 3rd month, 6th month, 12th month, 24th month.

Patients will be referred to the physical therapy specialist for abduction strengthening and pelvis tilt corrective exercises starting from the 6th week.

Scoliosis and orthoroentgenography x-rays will be taken at the last control of the patients.

HHS, WOMAC hip score and SF-12 score will be obtained from the patients. Scores, lower extremity and spine angles will be evaluated after the last examinations performed at 12 and 24 months.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Crowe type 3 and 4 patients over 18 years of age who had shortened hip replacement surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

* Crowe type 1 or 2 patients over 18 years of age who had shortened hip replacement surgery
* Patients who have previously operated on the contralateral hip
* Patients who underwent shortened hip replacement for a reason other than developmental dysplasia of the hip

Primary outcomes:
measure: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)
timeFrame: The degree of improvement in Vomac score will be evaluated by looking at preoperative and postoperative 12th month Vomac scores.( 0-12th month )
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: İstanbul
country: Turkey
facility: Bezmialem Vakıf University
state: Fatih
Study officials:
affiliation: Bezmialem Vakif University
name: Gökçer Uzer
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT05494229: Autologous Blood for Full-thickness Macular Hole
Official title: Autologous Whole Blood for Closing Full-thickness Macular Hole
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: TERMINATED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Ophthalmopathy
Keywords: Full Thickness Macular Hole
Blood Clot
Whole blood
Pars-pana vitrectomy
Lead sponsor: Ibinsina Modern Eye and Retina Center
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2022-08-09
Enrollment: 5
Sex: ALL
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Autologous blood for primary and recurrent holes

Detailed description: Utilizing whole autologous blood for closing both primary and recurrent holes. Here, we apply a drop of the taken whole blood over the hole, and the access blood will be aspirated on the macula with a silicon-tipped active back-flash cannula, to abolish all the possibilities of the fibrinogenic behavior of the whole blood composition, which might cause traction and recurrent hole formation. Therefore, only the hole will be filled with blood. The blood will be taken under completely sterile and aseptic conditions.

The air infusion will be raised after the valve of one of the trocars will be removed, to allow the air current to dry the clot inside the hole rapidly. Then air gas exchange will be performed to allow the clot to remain away from intraocular fluids for one to two weeks and abolish the possibility of the clot being dissolved.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Primary and recurrent holes

Exclusion Criteria:

* Lamellar and pseudoholes

Primary outcomes:
measure: Anatomical outcome
timeFrame: The fourth week post-operatively
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Functional outcome
timeFrame: The fourth week post-operatively.
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Erbil
country: Iraq
facility: Omer Othman Abdullah
Study officials:
affiliation: Ibinsina Modern Eye and Retina Center
name: Omer Abdullah, M.Sc.
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT06548529: HER2 Expression of HER2 Affibody-based PET/CT to Predict Response in Bladder Cancer Patients Treated With ADC
Official title: Al18F-HER2-BCH PET/CT to Predict Response in Bladder Cancer Patients Treated With HER2 ADC
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: NA
Conditions: HER2 Positive or Suspicious Positive Tumors
Lead sponsor: Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2024-08-12
Enrollment: 30
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 80
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: DIAGNOSTIC

Brief summary: To use the molecular PET radionuclide (F-18) labelled HER2 Affibody to evaluate the predictive and prognostic value of HER2 expression in bladder cancer patients treated with HER2 ADC


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Aged # 18 years old; ECOG 0 or 1;
2. Is unresectable or metastatic;
3. Patients with HER2 positive or suspicious positive tumors;
4. was previously treated with trastuzumab and taxane in the advanced setting or progressed within 6 months after neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment involving a regimen including trastuzumab and taxane;
5. Has adequate cardiac, bone marrow, renal, hepatic and blood clotting functions;
6. Receives anti-HER2 ADC treatment
7. Life expectancy \> 3 months

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Significant hepatic or renal dysfunction;
2. Is pregnant or ready to pregnant;
3. Cannot keep their states for half an hour;
4. Refused to join the clinical research;
5. Suffering from claustrophobia or other mental disorders;
6. Any other situation that researchers considered it unsuitable to participate in the trial.

Primary outcomes:
measure: SUV
timeFrame: 4 years
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Beijing
country: China
facility: uEXPLORER total-body PET/CT scanner (United Imaging, China)
Study officials:
References: