Clinical trial NCT06093529: Immune Markers in Pediatric ITP on Second Line Therapy
Official title: Marker Expression in Pediatric Patients With Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Receiving Second Line Therapy
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Conditions: ITP - Immune Thrombocytopenia
Lead sponsor: Assiut University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2023-10-23
Enrollment: 42
Sex: ALL
Maximum age (years): 17
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: CASE_ONLY
Time perspective: CROSS_SECTIONAL
Sampling method: PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Pediatric patients with ITP who are receiving second-line therapy who are attending the outpatient pediatric hematology clinic at Assiut University Children Hospital or the clinic at Central Insurance Agency of Assiut.

Brief summary: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by low platelet count and increased risk of bleeding. It affects approximately 50 to 100 cases per million people per year, with children accounting for half of the cases.

Detailed description: Antiplatelet factors in the plasma of ITP patients, specifically IgG, have been attributed to platelet destruction through phagocytosis or complement-mediated lysis. However, these antibodies are only present in 60-70% of ITP patients, suggesting that other mechanisms may be involved in platelet destruction.

B lymphocytes play a critical role in immune responses through antibody production, antigen presentation to T cells, and cytokine secretion. CD4+ T helper cells play a crucial role in supporting B cell development into antibody-secreting plasma cells. Furthermore, evidence of auto reactive CD4+ T cells targeting platelet epitopes has been reported.

It was found that there is clonal expansion of a particular subset of CD8+ T cells, known as terminally differentiated effector memory T cells (TEMRA cells), in refractory ITP. Furthermore, CD8+ T cells induce platelet activation and apoptosis in an antibody-independent mechanism for refractory thrombocytopenia that may be amenable to therapeutic targeting. IFN-γ is an important cytokine involved in host defence and immune regulation. It is primarily produced by T helper, cytotoxic T, and natural killer cells. Dysregulated secretion of IFN-γ has been implicated in the development of autoimmune disorders. Initial studies on ITP focused on the role of autoantibodies. Therefore, drug discovery efforts have focused on suppressing aberrant humoral immunity through B cell depletion, disruption of immunoreceptor, and inhibition of autoantibody activity. By comparing the marker expression in different treatment response groups, the investigator can potentially identify markers that may serve as predictive or prognostic indicators of treatment response. This information could be valuable for guiding treatment decisions and optimizing patient outcomes in pediatric ITP.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pediatric patients diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia who are undergoing second line therapy with either eltrombopag or romiplostim.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Include acute immune thrombocytopenic children receiving first line therapy and those with secondary immune thrombocytopenia.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Correlation analysis
timeFrame: One year
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Assessment of treatment response
timeFrame: One year
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
affiliation: Assiut University
name: Khaled I El-sayeh, M.D.
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
affiliation: Assiut University
name: Mostafa M Embaby, M.D.
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
affiliation: Assiut University
name: Azhar A Mohammed, M.D.
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
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