Clinical trial NCT00438451: Study on the Treatment of Elderly Patients With Older and Newer Antiepileptic Drugs
Official title: A Multicentre, Double-blind, Randomized, Phase IV Clinical Trial Comparing the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Levetiracetam Versus Lamotrigine and Carbamazepine in the Oral Antiepileptic Therapy of Newly Diagnosed Elderly Patients With Focal Epilepsy.
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE4
Conditions: Focal Epilepsy
Keywords: elderly
focal epilepsy
anticonvulsive
treatment
levetiracetam
lamotrigine
carbamazepine
Lead sponsor: Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: UCB Pharma GmbH
First posted: 2007-02-22
Enrollment: 361
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 60
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: In this clinical trial patients with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy aged 60 years or older receive three different antiepileptic drugs in a double-blind, randomized design over a period of 58 weeks. All drugs are licensed for the treatment of epilepsy. The primary endpoint of this study will be retention rate at 58-weeks, since it reflects both efficacy and tolerability.

Detailed description: Indication: Focal Epilepsy Objectives: To evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of levetiracetam (LEV) in newly diagnosed elderly patients (aged 60 yrs or above) with focal epilepsy compared to lamotrigine (LTG) or carbamazepine slow release (CBZ).

Primary Outcome: The primary outcome will be the 58-week retention rate measured by the number of drop outs due to adverse events or seizures from day 1 of treatment.

Secondary Outcome: Proportion of patients remaining seizure-free at week 30 (Visit 4); proportion of patients remaining seizure free at week 58 (Visit 6); the time (in days) to first break-through seizure (from day 1 of treatment); the absolute seizure frequency during the maintenance (over 52 weeks) phase; proportion of seizure-free days during the maintenance phase for subjects who enter the maintenance phase; the frequency of adverse events (from day 1 of treatment); QOLIE-31 results at V6; Portland Neurotoxicity scale at V6; results of cognitive testing (EpiTrack© by UCB).

Trial Design: This is a randomized, double-blind, multicenter Phase IV study using a parallel group design with three treatment groups. The study will consist of a 6-week titration-phase and a 52-week maintenance phase. Patients who successfully complete the trial (final visit, V6) will be unblinded and offered either to continue on their current drug or be changed to an alternative antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment of choice.

Population: Patients aged 60 years or above with new onset focal epilepsy i.e. either at least one epileptic seizure in the last 6 months and focal epileptiform discharges on EEG or a relevant lesion on CT/MRI or a total of 2 epileptic seizures, one of which occurring in the last 6 months prior inclusion. Patients with acute (\< 2 weeks) symptomatic epileptic seizures due to acute brain abnormalities (i.e. haemorrhage or cerebral infarct), or contraindications against any of the drugs in trial will be excluded.

Sample Size: 360 patients to be included, 120 patients per treatment arm. Investigational Medicinal Product(s): Levetiracetam, lamotrigine, carbamazepine-slow release Trial Duration and Dates: Duration of treatment: 6 weeks titration phase, 52 weeks maintenance phase.

Follow up: At the end of trial subjects will be unblinded and may choose to continue on the medication or taper the trial medication and be treated with an alternative drug at the investigators discretion. The patient will receive a dosing schedule and a referral letter for his/her physician.

Duration of trial: approximately 2 years. Start of recruitment: January 2007 Projected number of centres: 75 Number of countries: 3 (Germany, Switzerland, Austria).

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 60 yrs or above.
* New onset focal epilepsy i.e. either at least one epileptic seizure in the last 6 months and focal epileptiform discharges on EEG or a relevant lesion on CT/MRI or at least 2 epileptic seizures, one of which occurring in the last 6 months prior inclusion.
* No previous AED treatment, except for a period not longer than 4 weeks prior to inclusion (V0).
* Ability of subject to understand verbal and written instructions, to comply with all study requirements, and to comprehend character and individual consequences of the clinical trial.
* Written informed consent before enrolment in the trial.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Acute symptomatic epileptic seizures occurring acutely within a 2 week period after the onset of an acute illness such as cerebral haemorrhage, cerebral infarct, rapid progressive malignancy or other acute brain abnormalities (i.e. encephalitis, hypoxic brain damage, trauma, metabolic derangement, following brain surgery).
* Dementia (as defined by history)
* Renal insufficiency as defined by GFR \< 50 mL/min.
* Increased liver enzymes (GOT, GPT, gGT) or increased bilirubin ≥ 2-fold the upper limit of normal (ULN).
* Pre-treatment with valproic acid within the four weeks prior inclusion (V0).
* Contraindication against or history of hypersensitivity to any of the investigational medicinal products or to any drug with similar chemical structure or to any excipient present in the pharmaceutical form of the investigational medicinal products.
* Participation in other clinical trials and observation period of competing trials within the last 2 months, respectively.
* History of drug or alcohol abuse within the last 2 years.
* Medical condition which interferes with the participation in the trial according to the opinion of the investigator.
* Patients with life expectancy \< 1 year due to malignant disease
* Psychiatric morbidity requiring legal guardianship.

Primary outcomes:
measure: 58-week Retention Rate Measured by the Number of Drop Outs Due to Adverse Events or Seizures From Day 1 of Treatment
timeFrame: 58 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Time to Drop Out
timeFrame: 58 weeks
measure: Percentage of Patients Remaining Seizure-free at Week 30 (Visit 4)
timeFrame: Week 30
measure: Percentage of Patients Remaining Seizure Free at Week 58 (Visit 6)
timeFrame: week 58
measure: The Time (in Days) to First Break-through Seizure (From Day 1 of Treatment)
timeFrame: over the whole duration of 58 weeks
measure: The Absolute Seizure Frequency During the Maintenance Phase (Weeks 7 - 58)
timeFrame: over 52 weeks
measure: Proportion of Seizure-free Days During the Maintenance Phase for Subjects Who Enter the Maintenance Phase
timeFrame: 52 weeks
measure: QOLIE-31 (Quality Of Life In Epilepsy) Results at V6
timeFrame: 58 weeks, final visit
measure: Portland Neurotoxicity Scale (PNS) at V6
timeFrame: at week 58
measure: Results of Cognitive Testing (EpiTrack© by UCB) - Score at V6
timeFrame: week 58
measure: Results of Cognitive Testing (EpiTrack© by UCB) - Categories at V6
timeFrame: 58 weeks
measure: Results of Cognitive Testing (EpiTrack© by UCB) - Changes to Baseline (V0) at Week 58 (V6)
timeFrame: week 58
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Mainz
country: Germany
facility: Department of Neurology, University of Mainz Medical Centre
Study officials:
affiliation: Johannes Gutenberg University, Department od Neurology
name: Konrad J Werhahn, MD
role: STUDY_CHAIR
affiliation: Swiss Epilepy Centre
name: Günter Kraemer, MD
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
affiliation: Medical University of Salzburg, Department of Neurology, Austria
name: Eugen Trinka, MD
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
citation: Rowan AJ, Ramsay RE, Collins JF, Pryor F, Boardman KD, Uthman BM, Spitz M, Frederick T, Towne A, Carter GS, Marks W, Felicetta J, Tomyanovich ML; VA Cooperative Study 428 Group. New onset geriatric epilepsy: a randomized study of gabapentin, lamotrigine, and carbamazepine. Neurology. 2005 Jun 14;64(11):1868-73. doi: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000167384.68207.3E.
citation: Brodie MJ, Chadwick DW, Anhut H, Otte A, Messmer SL, Maton S, Sauermann W, Murray G, Garofalo EA; Gabapentin Study Group 945-212. Gabapentin versus lamotrigine monotherapy: a double-blind comparison in newly diagnosed epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2002 Sep;43(9):993-1000. doi: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2002.45401.x.
citation: Werhahn KJ, Trinka E, Dobesberger J, Unterberger I, Baum P, Deckert-Schmitz M, Kniess T, Schmitz B, Bernedo V, Ruckes C, Ehrlich A, Kramer G. A randomized, double-blind comparison of antiepileptic drug treatment in the elderly with new-onset focal epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2015 Mar;56(3):450-9. doi: 10.1111/epi.12926. Epub 2015 Feb 12.