Clinical trial NCT04084535: Effects of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) vs. Inspiratory Muscle Training on the Recovery After a Maximal Apnea.
Official title: Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training vs. High Intensity Interval Training Program on the Recovery Capacity After a Maximal Dynamic Apnea in Breath-hold Divers. A Randomized Crossover Trial
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Exercise Training
Respiratory Muscle Training
High-Intensity Interval Training
Apnea
Lead sponsor: Centro Universitario La Salle
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2019-09-10
Enrollment: 16
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 60
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Intervention model description: Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The aim of this randomized cross-over controlled study was to assess the effects of an 4-week exercise program on the recovery capacity after a voluntary maximal apnea. Participants will be randomly allocated to receive either a high intensity interval training (HIIT), or an inspiratory muscle training (IMT) using an inspiratory resistance device.

Detailed description: It is a multi-center study. 3 different Spanish Freedivers Centres are included in the study (Madrid, Zaragoza, and Barcelona).

For each participant, exercise program started with one or the other program. Hence, both interventions were applied once with the participant randomly allocated to receive the same intervention. The trial included four study visits. Each exercise training program will be applied sessions per week during 4 weeks. Participants received baseline assessments at the beginning of nay intervention, and post-intervention assessments at the end of the fourth week. The wash-out period will be two weeks. After these two weeks participants switched intervention.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Absence of pain or illness
* No changes in cognitive ability
* Over 18 years old.
* Member of the Spanish Federation of Underwater Activities.
* Positive medical examination that allows the diver to practice voluntary apnea.

Exclusion Criteria:

* People with systemic diseases, tumors, infections, pacemakers, history of epilepsy, hydrophobia, pregnancy women, pharmacological treatment.
* To be participating in other physical activities during the experimental research

Primary outcomes:
measure: Oxygen Saturation recovery
timeFrame: Before and after training intervention (after 4 weeks)
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Lung function (forced spirometry)
timeFrame: Before and after training intervention (after 4 weeks)
measure: Maximum Respiratory Pressures
timeFrame: Before and after training intervention (after 4 weeks)
measure: Lactic acid recovery
timeFrame: Before and after training intervention (after 4 weeks)
measure: Heart Rate recovery
timeFrame: Before and after training intervention (after 4 weeks)
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Madrid
country: Spain
facility: Madrid FREEDIVERS association
Study officials:
References:
citation: Andersson JP, Liner MH, Runow E, Schagatay EK. Diving response and arterial oxygen saturation during apnea and exercise in breath-hold divers. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002 Sep;93(3):882-6. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00863.2001.