Clinical trial NCT02453763: In Vivo Imaging of Therapeutic Electric Current Flow
Official title: In Vivo Imaging of Therapeutic Electric Current Flow
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Parkinson Disease
Epilepsy
Alzheimer's Disease
Stroke
Autism
Depression
Schizophrenia
Keywords: Transcranial direct current stimulation
Noninvasive brain stimulation
Brain
Central Nervous System Diseases
Nervous System Diseases
Parkinson disease
Stroke
Epilepsy
Depression
Schizophrenia
Brain imaging
Electrical impedance tomography
Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography
Diffusion tensor imaging
Functional magnetic imaging
Rehabilitation
Lead sponsor: University of Florida
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Arizona State University
name: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
First posted: 2015-05-25
Enrollment: 17
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 30
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: 24 normal adult subjects will be assessed.

Brief summary: The purpose of this research study is to measure current flow inside the head using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The data from this study will be used to map the current flow caused from the electrical stimulation inside the head. The methods develop will be used to map and better control delivery of the current for electrical stimulation to modify a psychiatric condition such as depression; or other conditions such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease or autism.

Detailed description: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) are examples of electrical stimulation therapies that are rapidly gaining attention as means of modulating motor function, semantic processing, and executive function. Both therapies have attracted many clinical and experimental studies. tDCS has been found to have both facilitatory and inhibitory effects on the brain depending on stimulation polarity and electrode position. DBS has been thoroughly evaluated clinically for treatment of movement disorders, principally Parkinson's disease, and is extending its reach to include treatment of disorders such as focal dystonia, depression and chronic pain. While still mostly in the experimental stage, tDCS applications and acceptance are growing extremely rapidly.

Although the functional alterations associated with tDCS can be categorized without knowledge of the underlying neurophysiology, an understanding of where externally applied current actually flows in any electrical stimulation technique is crucial as a basis for understanding which brain regions, circuits, or elements are affected by these therapies, and how these changes may occur. Such knowledge will lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these therapies, and thus to more focused and effective stimulation patterns and locations. Ultimately, this will lead to more efficient and novel clinical applications.

Many studies have simulated the effects of current application in both extra- and intracranial modalities using computer simulation. Simulations will always be limited by errors in interpreting MRI data during segmentation, differences between assumed and actual electrical conductivity values, and mismatches between actual and presumed electrode locations and sizes. Thus, better methods to understand and verify current flow distributions are badly needed.

In this study a recently developed MRI-based phase imaging technique to more directly measure current densities in vivo. Unlike earlier MRI-based methods of measuring electrical current flow, the technique works without requiring subject repositioning. This methods will be validated against high-resolution subject-specific models incorporating many tissue compartments, including anisotropic white matter. Thus, a new direct measurement method against state-of-the-art modeling approaches.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* right handed (as determined by the Edinburgh battery),
* English as native language.

Exclusion Criteria:

* appreciable deficits in hearing,
* appreciable problems with articulation,
* appreciable accent schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression,
* any neurological disorder associated with cognitive impairment or neuroanatomic abnormality,
* language-based learning disorder,
* any implanted metal device (precludes use of tDCS), any implanted cardiac pacemaker,
* dementia or mini-mental state exam,
* \<24 estimated verbal intelligence,
* \<70 active or prior history of seizure disorder, family history of seizure disorder, prescribed seizure inducing medication.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of therapeutic current flow
timeFrame: Day 1
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Gainesville
country: United States
facility: University of Florida
state: Florida
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Florida
name: Thomas H Mareci, Ph.D.
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
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citation: Meng ZJ, Sajib SZ, Chauhan M, Sadleir RJ, Kim HJ, Kwon OI, Woo EJ. Numerical simulations of MREIT conductivity imaging for brain tumor detection. Comput Math Methods Med. 2013;2013:704829. doi: 10.1155/2013/704829. Epub 2013 Apr 29.
citation: DeMarse TB, Carney PR. Augmentation of cognitive function in epilepsy. Front Syst Neurosci. 2014 Aug 14;8:147. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00147. eCollection 2014. No abstract available.
citation: Sadleir RJ, Vannorsdall TD, Schretlen DJ, Gordon B. Target optimization in transcranial direct current stimulation. Front Psychiatry. 2012 Oct 17;3:90. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00090. eCollection 2012.