Clinical trial NCT06701435: The Effect of Post-Training Cold Compression in Professional Volleyball Players
Official title: The Effect of Post-Training Cold Compression on Muscle Oxygen Saturation and Jumping Performance in Professional Men Volleyball Players
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Healthy Men
Keywords: Oxygen saturation
jumping
volleyball
fatigue
Lead sponsor: Kutahya Health Sciences University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2024-11-22
Enrollment: 24
Sex: MALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 37
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Observational model: OTHER
Time perspective: CROSS_SECTIONAL
Sampling method: PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Professional Men's Volleyball Players

Brief summary: Our study examining the effects of post-training cold compression on muscle oxygen saturation (MOS9), fatigue and jumping performance in professional male volleyball players.

Detailed description: Volleyball is an intermittent sport consisting of short and high-intensity phases where players jump and change direction suddenly. Intense muscle use during training, intense match schedules, short preparation phases and double trainings applied during the day can cause athletes to lose performance and increase injury rates. The performance of the athlete during the season depends on the amount and distribution of the training load and the appropriate recovery intervention applied during the season. Therefore, appropriate recovery interventions for athletes, shortening the recovery period and increasing its quality are very important. Recovery is a process in which the athlete's fatigue after intense training or matches is eliminated, lactic acid in the muscle and blood is removed, energy stores are restored to their previous level and myoglobin oxygenation is provided. One of the parameters used to examine the effects of muscle damage after exercise and to follow recovery is oxygen saturation. It is known that oxygen saturation in the muscle decreases during exercise and increases in the following recovery process. Different interventions are recommended to optimize the recovery of athletes during the season. Cold applications are the most frequently preferred method due to their practicality and accessibility after training as a recovery intervention. Although it has been reported that cold applications have positive effects on fatigue and general perceptual well-being, their effects on acute performance parameters are controversial. In recent years, the use of cold compression applications in the recovery process after training has become widespread in clinics and sports clubs due to the fact that they allow two types of application and are portable and practical. Cold compression devices aim to reduce tissue temperature, reduce pain, control inflammation and accelerate venous return by applying cold and compression simultaneously. This is achieved by continuous circulation of ice water using intermittent pneumatic compression. There are many studies in the literature on the effects of cold applications on performance parameters (no effect or negative effect) and fatigue (reducing muscle pain and fatigue effects). However, the effect of cold compression on recovery at different temperatures has not been determined. Determining the degree of cold applied and the response received, as well as better identifying recovery interventions applied in professional sports environments and developing cold application protocols applied during the post-training recovery process, and investigating the effects of cold compression on fatigue, performance parameters and recovery parameters will contribute significantly to the literature. Therefore, the aim of our study is to examine the effects of different degrees of cold compression applied to professional male volleyball players compared to passive rest on muscle oxygen saturation, fatigue level and performance.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Professional male volleyball player
* Performing 100-120 jumps in training (The number of jumps of the athletes in training was determined by Vert Classic (Model #JEM, Mayfonk Athletic, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA).
* Body Mass Index (BMI) below 30 kg/m2
* Voluntary participation in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* Smoking
* The presence of any neurological, rheumatologic or systemic disease
* Any injury or trauma to the quadriceps muscle and lower extremity in the last six months
* The athlete has exercised after training

Primary outcomes:
measure: Muscle Oxygen Saturation Measurement
timeFrame: Muscle oxygen saturation measurements were taken before and immediately after training. Subsequently, the measurement was repeated after 15 minutes of passive rest or cold compression and 24 hours later at follow-up.
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Fatigue Measurement
timeFrame: Fatigue measurements of the athletes were taken before and immediately after training. Subsequently, the measurement was repeated after 15 minutes of intervention and at follow-up after 24 hours.
measure: Performance Measurement
timeFrame: The jump heights of the athletes were automatically recorded with the Vert Coach in the training just before the application and in the second training 24 hours later and were included in the evaluation form.
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Kütahya
country: Turkey
facility: Kutahya Health and Science University
state: Centre
Study officials:
affiliation: worker
name: seval tamer, asist. prof
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Bhambhani YN. Muscle oxygenation trends during dynamic exercise measured by near infrared spectroscopy. Can J Appl Physiol. 2004 Aug;29(4):504-23. doi: 10.1139/h04-033.
citation: Alexander J, Jeffery J, Rhodes D. Recovery profiles of eccentric hamstring strength in response to cooling and compression. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Jul;27:9-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.03.010. Epub 2021 Mar 28.
citation: Chow GCC, Yam TTT, Chung JWY, Fong SSM. Effects of postexercise ice-water and room-temperature water immersion on the sensory organization of balance control and lower limb proprioception in amateur rugby players: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Feb;96(7):e6146. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000006146.