Clinical trial NCT05821504: High-Intensity Interval Training and Performance
Official title: Effects of Plyometric- and Cycle-Based High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition, Aerobic Capacity, and Muscle Function in Young Females: a Field-based Group Fitness Assessment
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Healthy
Lead sponsor: Kennesaw State University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2023-04-20
Enrollment: 30
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 35
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Intervention model description: Two groups performed different types of high-intensity interval training
Primary purpose: OTHER

Brief summary: The goal of this clinical trial was to compare to different types of high-intensity interval training in young, healthy females. The main questions were: Will changes in body composition differ between the two interventions? Will changes in endurance and muscle performance differ between the two interventions? Participants were randomized to 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training involving body weight, plyometric exercises or cycling only. Researchers compared changes in endurance performance, body composition, and muscle performance to determine if there were differences between groups.

Detailed description: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of plyometric- and cycle-oriented high-intensity interval training on body composition, aerobic capacity, and skeletal muscle size, quality, and function in recreationally trained females. Young (21.7 ± 3.1 yrs), recreationally active females were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of twice weekly plyometric (n = 15) or cycling (n = 15) high-intensity interval training. The plyometric-oriented Les Mills BODYATTACK program was used for the plyometric group whereas Les Mills SPRINT, which exclusively involves stationary cycling, represented the cycling group. Both protocols involved alternating high-intensity and recovery intervals, and participants were consistently instructed to give maximal effort during the 'work' periods.

The 30 min plyometric routines included four blocks of high-intensity exercise intervals. The 'work' portions consisted of the following exercises: high-knee runs, plyometric lunges, jumping jacks, squat jumps, burpees, and speed-agility patterns. The recovery periods consisted of complete rest (transitioning between exercises), a light jog, or a low impact stepping motion. On average, participants were instructed to give maximal effort for 1-2 min, with recovery intervals of 15-45 sec. Four separate routines were used throughout the duration of the study, keeping one routine per week; participants completed each routine a total of 4 times within a session.

The 30 min cycling routines were performed on upright stationary bikes (Schwinn, AC Performance, Chicago, IL). Protocols involved 'work' ranging from 20-80 sec with recovery intervals between 10-60 sec. Recovery intervals consisted of complete rest on bike or particularly slow cycling. Resistance and cycling speed were relatively variable across sessions, with some intervals of higher resistance and lower speed and others involving lower resistance and higher speed (e.g., \>120 RPMs). The same four workouts were used throughout the duration of the study alternating each week.

Body composition (4-compartment model), VO2peak, countermovement jump performance, muscle size and echo intensity (muscle quality) as well as strength and power of the knee extensors and plantar flexors were measured before and after training. Body composition testing was completing using dual-energy x-ray absorpiometry, air displacement plethysmogrphay, and bioeletrical impedance. VO2peak was measured using a standardized maximal exercise test on a treadmill. Countermovement jump height and power was recorded with participants performing jumps on a force plate. Muscle size and quality were determined using non-invasive ultrasonography. Finally, serum growth hormone responses to the VO2peak test were measured before and after the protocols.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Between 18-35 years of age
* Female
* Currently participating in 2-4 days of structured exercise for 30-75 minutes for the last 6 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* Currently participating in these exercise formats (2x/week within last 3 months)
* Engaging in high intensity interval training for more than 30 min/week
* Have diagnosed disorders/diseases in the following: cardiovascular, pulmonary, immunological, or metabolic
* Current musculoskeletal injuries
* Pregnant or think you may be pregnant
* Currently taking any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(s) or steroidal drug(s)
* Currently a smoker or has consistently smoked within the last year
* Has a positive written or verbal pre-study drug screen including alcohol (more than 7 drinks/week), THC/cannabinoids, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cocaine, opioids, phencyclidine, barbiturates, cotinine.
* Currently taking any medication that will significantly affect your heart rate response to exercise
* If you miss four or more classes, you will be excluded from the study

Primary outcomes:
measure: Muscle composition at baseline
timeFrame: Pre-intervention
measure: Muscle composition after 8-week intervention
timeFrame: At week 9
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Fat mass at baseline
timeFrame: Pre-intervention
measure: Fat mass after 8-week intervention
timeFrame: At week 9
measure: Group average growth hormone response (concentration at microLiters/Liters) at baseline
timeFrame: Pre-intervention
measure: Group average growth hormone response (concentration at microLiters/Liters) after 8-week intervention
timeFrame: At week 9
measure: Countermovement jump height at baseline
timeFrame: Pre-intervention
measure: Countermovement jump height after 8-week intervention
timeFrame: At week 9
measure: Time to peak torque at baseline
timeFrame: Pre-intervention
measure: Time to peak torque after 8-week intervention
timeFrame: At week 9
measure: Maximal oxygen consumption at baseline
timeFrame: Pre-intervention
measure: Maximal oxygen consumption after 8-week intervention
timeFrame: At week 9
measure: Body fat percentage at baseline
timeFrame: Pre-intervention
measure: Body fat percentage after 8-week intervention
timeFrame: At week 9
measure: Fat-free mass at baseline
timeFrame: Pre-intervention
measure: Fat-free mass after 8-week intervention
timeFrame: At week 9
measure: Peak torque at baseline
timeFrame: Pre-intervention
measure: Peak torque after 8-week intervention
timeFrame: At week 9
measure: Muscle cross-sectional area at baseline
timeFrame: Pre-intervention
measure: Muscle cross-sectional area after 8-week intervention
timeFrame: At week 9
measure: Muscle power at baseline
timeFrame: Pre-intervention
measure: Muscle power after 8-week intervention
timeFrame: At week 9
Other outcomes:
measure: Weekly exercising heart rate
timeFrame: during 8-week exercise intervention
measure: Weekly exercising perceived effort
timeFrame: during 8-week exercise intervention
measure: Calorie consumption at baseline
timeFrame: Pre-intervention
measure: Calorie consumption after 8-week intervention
timeFrame: At week 9
measure: Protein consumption at baseline
timeFrame: Pre-intervention
measure: Protein consumption after 8-week intervention
timeFrame: At week 9
measure: Peak heart during maximal testing at baseline
timeFrame: Pre-intervention
measure: Peak heart during maximal testing after 8-week intervention
timeFrame: At week 9
Locations:
city: Kennesaw
country: United States
facility: Kennesaw State University
state: Georgia
Study officials:
References: