Clinical trial NCT03103022: Combination of Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen in the Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Official title: Combination of Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen in the Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Premature Infants: A Pilot Study
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE1
Conditions: Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Neonate
Lead sponsor: University of Florida
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2017-04-06
Enrollment: 20
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 23
Maximum age (years): 30
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Patent ductus arteriosus or PDA is a blood vessel that connects the right and left side of the heart that usually closes after birth but remains open in some premature infants born before 30 weeks' gestation. When this blood vessel remains open for a long time, it may cause problems such as bleeding in the lung and brain, lung injury due to prolonged need of ventilator, and poor kidney function. It sometimes becomes necessary to close this blood vessel in the preterm infant. Currently, this blood vessel can be closed either by medication or surgery. Pain medications such as Ibuprofen and Indomethacin are routinely used medications to close PDA. However, in the last 5 year, acetaminophen has been found as an alternative medication to close PDA in preterm infants. In multiple studies, acetaminophen is found to be a safe alternative medication with lower side effects than current standard management. Intravenous Ibuprofen is approved by FDA to treat PDA in preterm infants. Although not approved by FDA, oral ibuprofen is being used for the management of PDA. However, the success rate of a single medication is approximately 70%. Both medications have been used in the previous clinical studies to treat the same condition in the preterm infants and fewer side effects were reported. Mechanism of both medications to close PDA is different and may work more effectively together than single medication alone. In this study, the investigator are going to use these two medications (Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen) at the same time if the child needs treatment and is eligible to participate in this study. This study is based on the assumption that by using both medications at the same time, investigator can close this blood vessel more effectively than with either drug alone.

Detailed description: The ductus arteriosus is an essential blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery and the aorta in the fetus. The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) allows oxygenated blood that returns from the placenta to bypass the lungs and supply the fetal systemic circulation. In fetal life, ductus remains open due to low partial pressure of oxygen, circulating or locally produced prostaglandins and local nitric oxide production. Constriction of ductal vascular smooth muscle (functional closure) occurs within few hours of delivery due to decrease level of prostaglandin and rising oxygen concentrations. Closure of ductus can be affected by several perinatal and postnatal factors such as growth restriction, sepsis, and fluid overload. Spontaneous PDA closure occurs in \> 34% extreme premature infants compared to \> 95% in infants with birth weight more than 1500 grams. In a prospective study, 65 infants less than 1500 g birth weight were closely followed by serial echocardiograms. Sensitivity of ductal tissue to oxygen and prostaglandin differs in preterm compared to term infants. Without sufficient physiologic hypoxia, the ductus may fail to close or may reopen after initial constriction. Several co-morbidities have been associated with prolonged patency of the ductus in preterm infants (e.g., prolonged ventilator support, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pulmonary hemorrhage, impaired renal function, intraventricular hemorrhage and cerebral palsy). Preterm infants with uncomplicated respiratory course, PDA is commonly managed conservatively. Currently hemodynamically significant PDA are managed medically (indomethacin and ibuprofen) and surgically. Recently, acetaminophen has gained attention as an alternative for PDA management due to its low cost, wide availability and the potential for fewer side effects. In two randomized controlled trials comparing acetaminophen with ibuprofen, authors have shown comparable closure rate of PDA with acetaminophen.

To our knowledge, a combination of the drugs has not been used to treat PDA in preterm infants and prospective study has not been conducted or published to determine the effectiveness of a combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in the treatment of PDA. As both medications are metabolized through different organs (hepatic and renal), the investigator assume that incidence of adverse events should not be affected. The Investigator hypothesize that the combination of oral ibuprofen and oral acetaminophen will be more effective, because the mechanisms of action differ for the two medications and hence may produce therapeutic synergy.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Infant with gestational age 23 to 30 weeks at birth and birth weight between 500 - 1000 grams
2. Postnatal age less than equal to 14 days
3. Hemodynamically significant PDA as defined by any of the following:

   1. Increased ventilator support attributed by the clinician to be due to PDA
   2. Hypotension and/or widening pulse pressure requiring vasopressors
   3. Signs of congestive heart failure such as pulmonary congestion
4. Echocardiographic criteria:

   1. Ratio of the smallest ductal diameter to the ostium of the left pulmonary artery \> 0.5

Exclusion Criteria:

1. PDA-dependent congenital heart disease
2. Prior treatment with prophylactic indomethacin
3. Significant hyperbilirubinemia requiring exchange transfusion
4. Active or suspected necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and/or intestinal perforation
5. Abnormal liver enzymes
6. Platelets count \< 50000 /l and / or active intracranial or gastrointestinal bleeding or from any other site
7. Major congenital anomalies such as neural tube defect, chromosomal abnormality and gastrointestinal defect

Primary outcomes:
measure: Ductal closing rate
timeFrame: within 24-48 hrs after completion of treatment.
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Rate of ductal reopening
timeFrame: From birth until discharge / 36 weeks post menstrual age
measure: Neonatal outcomes - Sepsis
timeFrame: until discharge / 36 weeks post menstrual age
measure: Neonatal outcomes - Necrotizing Enterocolitis
timeFrame: until discharge / 36 weeks post menstrual age
measure: Neonatal outcomes - Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
timeFrame: until discharge / 36 weeks post menstrual age
measure: neonatal outcomes - Ventilator days
timeFrame: until discharge / 36 weeks post menstrual age
measure: Neonatal outcomes- Intraventricular Hemorrhage
timeFrame: until discharge / 36 weeks post menstrual age
measure: Neonatal outcomes - Periventricular Leukomalacia
timeFrame: until discharge / 36 weeks post menstrual age
measure: Neonatal outcomes - Retinopathy of Prematurity
timeFrame: until discharge / 36 weeks post menstrual age
measure: Nutritional status - Weight
timeFrame: until discharge / 36 weeks post menstrual age
measure: Nutritional status - Length
timeFrame: until discharge / 36 weeks post menstrual age
measure: Nutritional status - Head Circumference
timeFrame: until discharge / 36 weeks post menstrual age
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Jacksonville
country: United States
facility: Wolfson Children's Hospital
state: Florida
city: Jacksonville
country: United States
facility: University of Florida
state: Florida
Study officials:
References:
citation: Prescott S, Keim-Malpass J. Patent Ductus Arteriosus in the Preterm Infant: Diagnostic and Treatment Options. Adv Neonatal Care. 2017 Feb;17(1):10-18. doi: 10.1097/ANC.0000000000000340.
citation: Coceani F, Baragatti B. Mechanisms for ductus arteriosus closure. Semin Perinatol. 2012 Apr;36(2):92-7. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2011.09.018.
citation: Koch J, Hensley G, Roy L, Brown S, Ramaciotti C, Rosenfeld CR. Prevalence of spontaneous closure of the ductus arteriosus in neonates at a birth weight of 1000 grams or less. Pediatrics. 2006 Apr;117(4):1113-21. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-1528.
citation: Nemerofsky SL, Parravicini E, Bateman D, Kleinman C, Polin RA, Lorenz JM. The ductus arteriosus rarely requires treatment in infants > 1000 grams. Am J Perinatol. 2008 Nov;25(10):661-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1090594. Epub 2008 Oct 10.
citation: Benitz WE. Treatment of persistent patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: time to accept the null hypothesis? J Perinatol. 2010 Apr;30(4):241-52. doi: 10.1038/jp.2010.3. Epub 2010 Feb 25.
citation: Benitz WE; Committee on Fetus and Newborn, American Academy of Pediatrics. Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants. Pediatrics. 2016 Jan;137(1). doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-3730. Epub 2015 Dec 15.
citation: Gokmen T, Erdeve O, Altug N, Oguz SS, Uras N, Dilmen U. Efficacy and safety of oral versus intravenous ibuprofen in very low birth weight preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus. J Pediatr. 2011 Apr;158(4):549-554.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.10.008. Epub 2010 Nov 20.
citation: Olgun H, Ceviz N, Kartal I, Caner I, Karacan M, Tastekin A, Becit N. Repeated Courses of Oral Ibuprofen in Premature Infants with Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Efficacy and Safety. Pediatr Neonatol. 2017 Feb;58(1):29-35. doi: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2015.04.017. Epub 2016 Apr 29.
citation: Adamska E, Helwich E, Rutkowska M, Zacharska E, Piotrowska A. [Comparison of the efficacy of ibuprofen and indomethacin in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in prematurely born infants]. Med Wieku Rozwoj. 2005 Jul-Sep;9(3 Pt 1):335-54. Polish.
citation: Erdeve O, Yurttutan S, Altug N, Ozdemir R, Gokmen T, Dilmen U, Oguz SS, Uras N. Oral versus intravenous ibuprofen for patent ductus arteriosus closure: a randomised controlled trial in extremely low birthweight infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2012 Jul;97(4):F279-83. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2011-300532. Epub 2011 Dec 5.
citation: Ohlsson A, Shah SS. Ibuprofen for the prevention of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jul 6;(7):CD004213. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004213.pub3.
citation: Neumann R, Schulzke SM, Buhrer C. Oral ibuprofen versus intravenous ibuprofen or intravenous indomethacin for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neonatology. 2012;102(1):9-15. doi: 10.1159/000335332. Epub 2012 Mar 8.
citation: Oncel MY, Yurttutan S, Uras N, Altug N, Ozdemir R, Ekmen S, Erdeve O, Dilmen U. An alternative drug (paracetamol) in the management of patent ductus arteriosus in ibuprofen-resistant or contraindicated preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2013 Jan;98(1):F94. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2012-302044. Epub 2012 May 18. No abstract available.
citation: Hammerman C, Bin-Nun A, Markovitch E, Schimmel MS, Kaplan M, Fink D. Ductal closure with paracetamol: a surprising new approach to patent ductus arteriosus treatment. Pediatrics. 2011 Dec;128(6):e1618-21. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-0359. Epub 2011 Nov 7.
citation: Yurttutan S, Oncel MY, Arayici S, Uras N, Altug N, Erdeve O, Dilmen U. A different first-choice drug in the medical management of patent ductus arteriosus: oral paracetamol. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2013 May;26(8):825-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.755162. Epub 2013 Jan 15.
citation: Peterson RG. Consequences associated with nonnarcotic analgesics in the fetus and newborn. Fed Proc. 1985 Apr;44(7):2309-13.
citation: Terrin G, Conte F, Scipione A, Bacchio E, Conti MG, Ferro R, Ventriglia F, De Curtis M. Efficacy of paracetamol for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates. Ital J Pediatr. 2014 Feb 20;40(1):21. doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-40-21.
citation: Green K, Drvota V, Vesterqvist O. Pronounced reduction of in vivo prostacyclin synthesis in humans by acetaminophen (paracetamol). Prostaglandins. 1989 Mar;37(3):311-5. doi: 10.1016/0090-6980(89)90001-4.
citation: Anderson BJ. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen): mechanisms of action. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008 Oct;18(10):915-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2008.02764.x.
citation: Dang D, Wang D, Zhang C, Zhou W, Zhou Q, Wu H. Comparison of oral paracetamol versus ibuprofen in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013 Nov 4;8(11):e77888. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077888. eCollection 2013.
citation: Oncel MY, Yurttutan S, Erdeve O, Uras N, Altug N, Oguz SS, Canpolat FE, Dilmen U. Oral paracetamol versus oral ibuprofen in the management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr. 2014 Mar;164(3):510-4.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.11.008. Epub 2013 Dec 18.
citation: Le J, Gales MA, Gales BJ. Acetaminophen for patent ductus arteriosus. Ann Pharmacother. 2015 Feb;49(2):241-6. doi: 10.1177/1060028014557564. Epub 2014 Oct 28.
citation: Tekgunduz KS, Ceviz N, Demirelli Y, Olgun H, Caner I, Sahin IO, Yolcu C. Intravenous paracetamol for patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants - a lower dose is also effective. Concerning the article by M.Y. Oncel et al: Intravenous paracetamol treatment in the management of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low birth weight infants [Neonatology 2013;103:166-169]. Neonatology. 2013;104(1):6-7. doi: 10.1159/000348568. Epub 2013 Mar 26. No abstract available.
citation: El-Mashad AE, El-Mahdy H, El Amrousy D, Elgendy M. Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of paracetamol, ibuprofen, and indomethacin in closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates. Eur J Pediatr. 2017 Feb;176(2):233-240. doi: 10.1007/s00431-016-2830-7. Epub 2016 Dec 21.
citation: Oncel MY, Erdeve O. Oral medications regarding their safety and efficacy in the management of patent ductus arteriosus. World J Clin Pediatr. 2016 Feb 8;5(1):75-81. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v5.i1.75. eCollection 2016 Feb 8.
citation: Romagnoli C, De Carolis MP, Papacci P, Polimeni V, Luciano R, Piersigilli F, Delogu AB, Tortorolo G. Effects of prophylactic ibuprofen on cerebral and renal hemodynamics in very preterm neonates. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000 Jun;67(6):676-83. doi: 10.1067/mcp.2000.107048.
citation: Peng S, Duggan A. Gastrointestinal adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2005 Mar;4(2):157-69. doi: 10.1517/14740338.4.2.157.
citation: Kessel I, Waisman D, Lavie-Nevo K, Golzman M, Lorber A, Rotschild A. Paracetamol effectiveness, safety and blood level monitoring during patent ductus arteriosus closure: a case series. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014 Nov;27(16):1719-21. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2013.871630. Epub 2014 Feb 7.
citation: Walsh MC, Kliegman RM. Necrotizing enterocolitis: treatment based on staging criteria. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1986 Feb;33(1):179-201. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)34975-6.
citation: Papile LA, Burstein J, Burstein R, Koffler H. Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage: a study of infants with birth weights less than 1,500 gm. J Pediatr. 1978 Apr;92(4):529-34. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(78)80282-0.
citation: Fenton TR, Kim JH. A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants. BMC Pediatr. 2013 Apr 20;13:59. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-13-59.
citation: Ramos FG, Rosenfeld CR, Roy L, Koch J, Ramaciotti C. Echocardiographic predictors of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in extremely-low-birth-weight preterm neonates. J Perinatol. 2010 Aug;30(8):535-9. doi: 10.1038/jp.2010.14. Epub 2010 Feb 25.