Clinical trial NCT05343429: Preoperative Aspirin and Benzydamine Hydrochloride Gargles on Severity and Duration of Post-Operative Sore Throat
Official title: ''Comparison of Preoperative Aspirin and Benzydamine Hydrochloride Gargles on Reduction in Severity and Duration of Post-Operative Sore Throat. A Randomized Controlled Parallel Study.''
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: PHASE4
Conditions: Sore Throat
Lead sponsor: Rehman Medical Institute - RMI
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2022-04-25
Enrollment: 60
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 60
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Intervention model description: Parallel Assignment The study design is prospective double-blinded randomized controlled parallel trial with allocation ratio of 1:1.
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: Post-operative sore throat (POST) following General Anesthesia with endotracheal is a common symptom and drains resources. The researchers will compare preoperative gargling of Asprine and Benzydamine HCL to study comparative effects on intensity and duration of POST. Data collected as such will be analyzed to reach at a conclusion.

Detailed description: Endotracheal intubation commonly causes postoperative sore throat (POST). Its incidence is 22 - 62% in the adult population whereas in children the incidence is 24 to 44%. In adult population peak incidence is 2 to 4 hours after tracheal extubation. There is a limited medical literature available about incidence and peak time of occurrence after tracheal extubation in children. Though relieved in due course of time, POST leads to postoperative dissatisfaction. Traumatic laryngoscopy and endotracheal tube residence are the most likely offenders individually or combined. Other risk factors include preexisting upper respiratory tract infection, multiple intubation attempts, intubating un-paralyzed patient, high ETT cuff pressure, prolonged anesthesia with ETT and inexperienced operator.

The problem i.e. POST preemptive amelioration, has been studied using various pharmacological interventions. The list includes, but is not limited to, Benzydamine hydrochloride, aspirin, ketamine, lidocaine and dexamethasone. In a study conducted by Agarwal A, Nath SS, Goswami D et al on adult female patients employing preoperative Aspirin and Benzydamine hydrochloride gargling found it simple, safe and effective method in reducing incidence and severity of POST. Their patients were scheduled for mastectomy. However, a study conducted by Hyung-Been Yhim, Soo-Hyuk Yoon, Young-Eun Jang et al in pediatrics was unsuccessful to show reduction in POST when they used Benzydamine hydrochloride (BH) spray on vocal cords and upper airway before tracheal intubation. They asked for more research and suggested well-designed and powered RCT's in children. The current study will differ from previously conducted research and will include adult males of different ethnicity and type of surgery.

Objectives: To compare the effect of Aspirin and Benzydamine hydrochloride (BH) gargles on incidence, severity and duration of POST.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists Class 1 and 2 (ASA 1 and 2) scheduled for gynecological surgery under General Anesthesia with Intra tracheal Intubation and expected to finish in less than three hours will be included in the study.
* Patients of 18- 60 years of age will be included.
* Patients of Mallampati class 1 and 2 will be selected, as these have easy intubation predicted.
* Patients qualifying for easy intubation (prediction based on mouth opening, neck mobility etc.) will be selected.
* Patients in supine position only.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who are unable to gargle properly.
* Patients who require more than 2 attempts at intubation.
* Patients of Cormack-Lehane Grade 3 and 4 on direct laryngoscopy (multiple intubating attempts may be required).
* Patients requiring oral cavity instrumentation e.g. N/G tube placement, oral or laryngeal surgeries including tonsillectomies
* Patients whose head are frequently turned \> 90 degrees with ETT placed in.
* Patients whose surgery is prolonged beyond 3 hour.
* Patients who require postoperative mechanical ventilation.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Incidence of Postoperative sore throat (POST) in both groups
timeFrame: Six hours
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Duration of Postoperative sore throat (POST) in both groups
timeFrame: Six hours post-operative period
measure: Severity of Postoperative sore throat (POST) in both groups
timeFrame: Six hours post-operative period
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Peshawar
country: Pakistan
facility: Rehman Medical Institute
state: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Study officials:
affiliation: Rehman Medical institute, Pakistan
name: Mohammad Shafiq, FCPS
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
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citation: Piriyapatsom A, Dej-Arkom S, Chinachoti T, Rakkarnngan J, Srishewachart P. Postoperative sore throat: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. J Med Assoc Thai. 2013 Aug;96(8):936-42.
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citation: Calder A, Hegarty M, Erb TO, von Ungern-Sternberg BS. Predictors of postoperative sore throat in intubated children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2012 Mar;22(3):239-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2011.03727.x. Epub 2011 Nov 8.
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citation: Mostafa RH, Saleh AN, Hussein MM. A comparative study of three nebulized medications for the prevention of postoperative sore throat in the pediatric population. Open Anesthesia J. 2018;12(1):85-93.
citation: Chen CY, Kuo CJ, Lee YW, Lam F, Tam KW. Benzydamine hydrochloride on postoperative sore throat: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Can J Anaesth. 2014 Mar;61(3):220-8. doi: 10.1007/s12630-013-0080-y. Epub 2013 Nov 22.
citation: Agarwal A, Nath SS, Goswami D, Gupta D, Dhiraaj S, Singh PK. An evaluation of the efficacy of aspirin and benzydamine hydrochloride gargle for attenuating postoperative sore throat: a prospective, randomized, single-blind study. Anesth Analg. 2006 Oct;103(4):1001-3. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000231637.28427.00.
citation: Mayhood J, Cress K. Effectiveness of ketamine gargle in reducing postoperative sore throat in patients undergoing airway instrumentation: a systematic review. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2015 Sep;13(9):244-78. doi: 10.11124/jbisrir-2015-2045.
citation: Tanaka Y, Nakayama T, Nishimori M, Tsujimura Y, Kawaguchi M, Sato Y. Lidocaine for preventing postoperative sore throat. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jul 14;2015(7):CD004081. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004081.pub3.
citation: Kuriyama A, Maeda H. Preoperative intravenous dexamethasone prevents tracheal intubation-related sore throat in adult surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Anaesth. 2019 May;66(5):562-575. doi: 10.1007/s12630-018-01288-2. Epub 2019 Jan 7.
citation: Yhim HB, Yoon SH, Jang YE, Lee JH, Kim EH, Kim JT, Kim HS. Effects of benzydamine hydrochloride on postoperative sore throat after extubation in children: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2020 Apr 4;20(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s12871-020-00995-y.