Clinical trial NCT02458612: Effects of Mirror Therapy Combined With Progressive Strength Training in Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Official title: Effectiveness of Mirror Therapy Combined With Progressive Strength Training on Upper Limb Function in Children With Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Spastic Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy
Keywords: cerebral palsy
mirror therapy
strength training
Lead sponsor: Hacettepe University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2015-06-01
Enrollment: 30
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 6
Maximum age (years): 18
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of mirror therapy combined with upper extremity strengthening training on upper extremity function in children with unilateral spastic Cerebral Palsy (CP): a single blind randomized controlled trial. In the literature, there was no randomized controlled trial. According to literature, there are few studies that investigate the effects of mirror therapy in children with CP. But there is no randomized controlled trial, explore the effects of mirror therapy combined with upper extremity strength training on upper extremity functions in unilateral spastic CP. Hypothesis of this study is that mirror therapy combined with strength training improves upper extremity function and muscle strength in unilateral spastic CP.

Detailed description: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a permanent but not progressive disorder of motor function and movement/posture that caused by lesion in the immature brain. Children with hemiplegic CP have unilateral motor disorder affecting the right or left half of the body. They constitute 42% of all CP. motor impairment of the upper extremity usually occurs more than the lower extremity. This motor impairment of upper extremity is one of the main reasons of the muscle weakness in children with unilateral CP. Nowadays studies has been proven to increase the activity and the body structure and function without any negative effect of strengthening education in children with CP. Park \& Kim showed that huge impact of the upper and lower reinforcement training on children with CP the current meta-analysis (d = 0.861).

To improve upper extremity function in children with unilateral CP, the mirror therapy is a promising approach. Mirror therapy for the first time, Ramachandran et al. has described for the treatment of phantom pain in amputee. Also in unilateral spastic CP mirror therapy have indicated that visual illusion of functional limb provided by mirror can support healing. By means of visual feedback, modified vision and perception is stimulated plasticity the premotor cortex and developed reorganization. In the current studies, mirror therapy in hemiplegic patients, have been shown that improve the function and reduce the sensitivity of the hemi neglect. Gygax et al. have investigated the effects of mirror therapy on upper extremity function 10 children with unilateral spastic CP between 6-14 years. Consequently, the spontaneous use affected hand, the maximum grip force increase of 15% and is demonstrated that improve the upper extremity motor function.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* age between 6 years and 18 years
* classified in levels I or II of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS)
* classified in levels I, II-III of the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS)
* able to follow and accept verbal instructions.

Exclusion Criteria:

* any orthopaedic surgery or botulinum toxin injection in the past 6 months,
* children whose parents refused to participate
* Epileptic seizures that can not be stopped
* Individuals who can not participate in any physical activities because of chronic disease except cerebral palsy.

Primary outcomes:
measure: upper extremity skills
timeFrame: change from baseline upper extremity skills at 12 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: muscle tone
timeFrame: change from baseline muscle tone at 12 weeks
measure: muscle strength
timeFrame: change from baseline muscle stregth at 12 weeks
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Ankara
country: Turkey
facility: Hacettepe University
Study officials:
affiliation: Hacettepe University
name: Ozgun Kaya Kara, PhD
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
citation: Gygax MJ, Schneider P, Newman CJ. Mirror therapy in children with hemiplegia: a pilot study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011 May;53(5):473-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.03924.x. Epub 2011 Mar 17.
citation: Piraua AL, Pitangui AC, Silva JP, Pereira dos Passos MH, Alves de Oliveira VM, Batista Lda S, Cappato de Araujo R. Electromyographic analysis of the serratus anterior and trapezius muscles during push-ups on stable and unstable bases in subjects with scapular dyskinesis. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2014 Oct;24(5):675-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.05.009. Epub 2014 Jun 12.
citation: Rameckers EA, Janssen-Potten YJ, Essers IM, Smeets RJ. Efficacy of upper limb strengthening in children with Cerebral Palsy: A critical review. Res Dev Disabil. 2015 Jan;36C:87-101. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.09.024. Epub 2014 Oct 15.