Clinical trial NCT00282672: Ablation of Intestinal Metaplasia Containing Dysplasia
Official title: Ablation of Intestinal Metaplasia Containing Dysplasia (AIM Dysplasia Trial) A Multi-center, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial: Protocol Amendment to Extend Follow-up to 5 Years
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Barrett Esophagus
Keywords: Barrett's Esophagus
Dysplasia
Radiofrequency Ablation
Lead sponsor: Medtronic - MITG
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
Collaborators: name: AstraZeneca
First posted: 2006-01-27
Enrollment: 127
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 80
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to determine if the intervention of a 510(k)-cleared endoscopically-guided (Halo Ablation systems), ablation system plus anti-secretory therapy is better than anti-secretory therapy alone in clearing Barrett's Esophagus.

Detailed description: Barrett's esophagus or intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a change in the epithelial lining of the esophagus. Barrett's esophagus develops as a result of chronic exposure of the esophagus to refluxed stomach acid and enzymes, as well as bile, resulting in recurrent mucosal injury. Injury is accompanied by inflammation and, ultimately, a cellular change (metaplasia) to a specialized columnar epithelium (Spechler SJ. Barrett's Esophagus. N Engl J Med 2002;346(11):836-842.)

Patients who have a diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus typically undergo surveillance endoscopy every 1-3 years with multiple biopsy specimens obtained to facilitate early detection of progression of IM to dysplasia (more severe precancerous changes) and adenocarcinoma. (Sampliner RE. Updated guidelines for the diagnosis, surveillance, and therapy of Barrett's esophagus. Am J Gastro 2002;97:1888-1895.) Progression of IM to low-grade dysplasia (LGD) indicates that cells exhibit more "cancer-like" architecture, thus warranting an accelerated surveillance endoscopy and biopsy program every 6 months rather than every 1-3 years as indicated for non-dysplastic IM. Progression to high-grade dysplasia (HGD) indicates that the cells are even more "cancer-like", thus warranting an even higher frequency surveillance endoscopy and biopsy program (every 3 months). Many HGD patients may undergo photodynamic therapy (PDT) or surgical esophagectomy, rather than remain in a frequent surveillance program. This more aggressive therapy is warranted because of the high rate of progression of HGD to adenocarcinoma.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma most commonly occurs after an insidious progression from IM to LGD to HGD. Therefore, surveillance is increased upon diagnosis of worsening grades of dysplasia. The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma is rapidly increasing as middle-aged and elderly demographic sub-groups expand (Peters JH, Hagen JA, DeMeester SR. Barrett's Esophagus. J Gastrointest Surg 2004;8(1):1-17.) In 2004, the American Cancer Society reported that there were 14,250 new cases of esophageal cancer, and 13,300 deaths attributable to esophageal cancer (www.cancer.org). The U.S. National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program reported that the increasing incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma was greater than for any other cancer in the United States (www.cancer.gov).

Elimination of the diseased epithelium containing IM with dysplasia is an intuitively favorable step for patients with this diagnosis. In other disease states, such as colon polyps or premalignant skin lesions, removal of the premalignant tissue results in a reduction in the risk of ultimately developing cancer. This is a logical conclusion when considering the premalignant lesion of Barrett's esophagus (particularly Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia), as the "tissue at risk" can be completely removed by ablation. This premise has been tested in the Barrett's dysplasia population in photoablative trials using PDT for patients with HGD, where PDT imparted a 50% reduction in risk over controls for the development of adenocarcinoma (Overholt BF, Panjehpour M, Haydek JM. Photodynamic therapy for Barrett's esophagus: follow-up. Gastrointest Endosc 1999;49(1):1-7.) The AIM Dysplasia Trial primary endpoints are removal of all dysplasia and IM, rather than detection of a difference in progression to adenocarcinoma or higher grades of dysplasia.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:1.Subject is 18-80 years of age, inclusive. 2.Subject has documented diagnosis of IM, maximum endoscopic length of 8 cm (as measured endoscopically from the TGF to the most proximal extent of the IM; i.e. TGF-TIM containing dysplasia as follows:

1. For LGD:i.LGD documented on biopsy within previous 12 months from enrollment while subject on PPI therapy.

   ii.Histology slides reviewed at central pathology service for trial confirm LGD on first confirmatory central pathology review or, if necessary, confirm LGD on a tie-breaker review by a second pathologist.
2. For HGD:i.Regular, non-nodular, non-ulcerated mucosa. ii.HGD documented on biopsy within previous 6 months from enrollment. iii.Histology slides reviewed at central pathology service for Trial confirm HGD on first confirmatory review or, if necessary, confirm HGD on a tie-breaker review by a second pathologist.

   iv.Baseline EUS within previous 12 months; 1.Catheter-based EUS excludes suspicious thickened Barrett's areas or, if suspicious areas found, prompts stacked biopsies of thickened area, the results of which do not render subject ineligible for enrollment.

   3.For subjects with EMR history,the documented diagnosis of IM with dysplasia meets criterion #2 from biopsies collected either after the EMR procedure or during the EMR procedure but not from the EMR site.

   4.Subject able to take oral proton pump inhibitor medication. 5.Subject able to discontinue aspirin and/or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications 7 days before and after all ablation procedures.

   6.For female subjects of childbearing potential, a negative pregnancy test within 2 weeks of randomization.

   7.Subject eligible for treatment and follow-up endoscopy and biopsy as required by the Protocol.

   8.Subject willing to provide written, informed consent to participate in this clinical study and understands the responsibilities of trial participation.

   Exclusion Criteria:1.The subject is pregnant or planning a pregnancy during the study period.

   2.Esophageal stricture preventing passage of endoscope or catheter. 3.Active esophagitis described as erosions or ulcerations encompassing more than 10% of distal esophagus.

   4.Any history of malignancy of the esophagus. 5.Prior radiation therapy to the esophagus,except head and neck region radiation therapy.

   6.Any previous ablative therapy within the esophagus (PDT, MPEC, APC, laser treatment, other).

   7.History of EMR that meets any of the following criteria:a.EMR performed less than 8 weeks prior to the randomization endoscopy encounter

b.EMR performed in a wide field manner (encompassing more than 90 degrees of any area of the esophagus.

8.Any previous esophageal surgery, including except fundoplication without complications (i.e. no slippage, dysphagia, etc).

9.Evidence of esophageal varices during treatment endoscopy. 10.Report of uncontrolled coagulopathy with international normalized ratio (INR) \> 1.3 or platelet count \<75,000 platelets per µL 11.Subject has a life-expectancy of less than two years due to an underlying medical condition.

12.Subject has a known history of unresolved drug or alcohol dependency that would limit ability to comprehend or follow instructions related to informed consent, post-treatment instructions, or follow-up guidelines.

13.Subject has an implantable pacing device (examples; AICD, neurostimulator, cardiac pacemaker)and has not received clearance for enrollment in this study by specialist responsible for the pacing device.

14.The subject is currently enrolled in an investigational drug or device trial that clinically interferes with the AIM Dysplasia Trial endpoints.

15.Subject suffers from psychiatric or other illness deemed by the investigator as an inability to comply with protocol.

For the 5 year extension, patient must have:1. Enrolled in the B-204 protocol. 2. Completed 1 year follow-up. 3. Completed 2 year follow-up.

Primary outcomes:
measure: The % of Patients With Complete Eradication of Intestinal Metaplasia (IM) at 12 Month
timeFrame: 12 month
measure: The % of Patients With Complete Eradication of Dysplasia at 12 Month
timeFrame: 12 month
measure: The % of Patients With Complete Histological Clearance of Intestinal Metaplasia at 24 Months.
timeFrame: 24 Month
measure: 5 Year Extension: % of All Patients Enrolled in the Extension Protocol and Available for Analysis Demonstrating CR-IM at 5 Years
timeFrame: 5 years
measure: Durability of Eradication With no Additional Treatments
timeFrame: 5 year
measure: 5 Year Extension: % of All Patients Enrolled in the Extension Protocol and Available for Analysis Demonstrating CR-D at 5 Years
timeFrame: 5 years
Secondary outcomes:
measure: The % of Patients With Complete Histological Clearance of IM at 12 Months, Comparing Treatment Versus Sham Control Groups Within a Specific Dysplasia Subgroup
timeFrame: 12 months
measure: Within the HGD Subgroup, the % of Patients With Complete Histological Clearance of HGD (CR-D) at 12 Months, Comparing Treatment Versus Sham Control Groups.
timeFrame: 12 Month
measure: Histological Clearance of IM (% Biopsies)
timeFrame: 12 months
measure: Progression of Dysplasia (i.e., HGD to Adenocarcinoma, or LGD to HGD or Adenocarcinoma)
timeFrame: 5 year
measure: Subject Discomfort : Chest Pain Score on Day 1
timeFrame: Day 1 , if ablated
measure: Quality of Life Questionnaire (Baseline v. 12 and 24 Mos)
timeFrame: 0, 12, and 24 months
measure: Adverse Event Incidence
timeFrame: 12 months for Treatment and Sham Comparison
measure: For 5 Year Extension: Proportion (%) of All Patients Enrolled in This Extension and Available for Analysis at 5 Years Demonstrating Any Adenocarcinoma in Any Biopsy Obtained From the Esophageal Body Since Primary RFA (0-5 Years)
timeFrame: 5 years
measure: 5 Year Extension: Proportion (%) of All Patients Enrolled in This Extension and Available for Analysis at 5 Years Demonstrating Any Adenocarcinoma in Any Biopsy Obtained From the Esophageal Body After 2 Years and Inclusive of the 5 Year Visit
timeFrame: 5 years
measure: 5 Year Extension: Proportion (%) of All Patients Enrolled in This Extension Protocol and Available for Analysis Demonstrating CR-IM at 5 Year
timeFrame: 5 years
measure: 5 Year Extension:Proportion (%) of All Patients Enrolled in This Extension Protocol and Available for Analysis Demonstrating CR-D at 5 Year
timeFrame: 5 years
measure: 5 Year Extension: Proportion (%) of All Patients Enrolled in This Extension Protocol and Available for Analysis Demonstrating CR-IM at 4 Year
timeFrame: 4 years
measure: 5 Year Extension: Proportion (%) of All Patients Enrolled in This Extension Protocol and Available for Analysis Demonstrating CR-IM at 3 Year
timeFrame: 3 years
measure: 5 Year Extension: Proportion (%) of All Patients Enrolled in This Extension Protocol and Available for Analysis Demonstrating CR-D at 4 Year
timeFrame: 4 years
measure: 5 Year Extension: Serious Adverse Event Incidence
timeFrame: 5 years
measure: 5 Year Extension: All Cause Mortality of the Group From 2 to 5 Years.
timeFrame: 5 years
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Scottsdale
country: United States
facility: Mayo Clinic Scottsdale
state: Arizona
city: Tucson
country: United States
facility: University of Arizona, VAMC
state: Arizona
city: Orange
country: United States
facility: UC Irvine Medical Center
state: California
city: Jacksonville
country: United States
facility: Mayo Clinic - Jacksonville
state: Florida
city: West Roxbury
country: United States
facility: Harvard, VA Boston Healthcare W Roxbury
state: Massachusetts
city: Rochester
country: United States
facility: Mayo Clinic Rochester
state: Minnesota
city: Kansas City
country: United States
facility: University of Kansas School of Medicine - Veterans Affairs Medical Center
state: Missouri
city: Saint Louis
country: United States
facility: Washington University School of Medicine
state: Missouri
city: Lebanon
country: United States
facility: Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
state: New Hampshire
city: New York
country: United States
facility: Columbia University Medical Center
state: New York
city: Chapel Hill
country: United States
facility: UNC Center for Functional GI & Motility Disorders
state: North Carolina
city: Cleveland
country: United States
facility: University Hospitals of Cleveland
state: Ohio
city: Cleveland
country: United States
facility: Cleveland Clinic
state: Ohio
city: Portland
country: United States
facility: Oregon Health Sciences University
state: Oregon
city: Philadelphia
country: United States
facility: Thomas Jefferson University
state: Pennsylvania
city: Charleston
country: United States
facility: Medical University of South Carolina
state: South Carolina
city: Knoxville
country: United States
facility: Gastrointestinal Associates
state: Tennessee
city: Dallas
country: United States
facility: VAMC Dallas
state: Texas
city: Tacoma
country: United States
facility: Tacoma Digestive Disease Research Center
state: Washington
Study officials:
affiliation: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
name: Nicholas J Shaheen, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Dunkin BJ, Martinez J, Bejarano PA, Smith CD, Chang K, Livingstone AS, Melvin WS. Thin-layer ablation of human esophageal epithelium using a bipolar radiofrequency balloon device. Surg Endosc. 2006 Jan;20(1):125-30. doi: 10.1007/s00464-005-8279-9. Epub 2005 Dec 7.
citation: Ganz RA, Utley DS, Stern RA, Jackson J, Batts KP, Termin P. Complete ablation of esophageal epithelium with a balloon-based bipolar electrode: a phased evaluation in the porcine and in the human esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004 Dec;60(6):1002-10. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(04)02220-5.
citation: Shaheen NJ, Sharma P, Overholt BF, Wolfsen HC, Sampliner RE, Wang KK, Galanko JA, Bronner MP, Goldblum JR, Bennett AE, Jobe BA, Eisen GM, Fennerty MB, Hunter JG, Fleischer DE, Sharma VK, Hawes RH, Hoffman BJ, Rothstein RI, Gordon SR, Mashimo H, Chang KJ, Muthusamy VR, Edmundowicz SA, Spechler SJ, Siddiqui AA, Souza RF, Infantolino A, Falk GW, Kimmey MB, Madanick RD, Chak A, Lightdale CJ. Radiofrequency ablation in Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia. N Engl J Med. 2009 May 28;360(22):2277-88. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0808145.
citation: Shaheen NJ, Overholt BF, Sampliner RE, Wolfsen HC, Wang KK, Fleischer DE, Sharma VK, Eisen GM, Fennerty MB, Hunter JG, Bronner MP, Goldblum JR, Bennett AE, Mashimo H, Rothstein RI, Gordon SR, Edmundowicz SA, Madanick RD, Peery AF, Muthusamy VR, Chang KJ, Kimmey MB, Spechler SJ, Siddiqui AA, Souza RF, Infantolino A, Dumot JA, Falk GW, Galanko JA, Jobe BA, Hawes RH, Hoffman BJ, Sharma P, Chak A, Lightdale CJ. Durability of radiofrequency ablation in Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia. Gastroenterology. 2011 Aug;141(2):460-8. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.061. Epub 2011 May 6.
citation: Shaheen NJ, Peery AF, Overholt BF, Lightdale CJ, Chak A, Wang KK, Hawes RH, Fleischer DE, Goldblum JR; AIM Dysplasia Investigators. Biopsy depth after radiofrequency ablation of dysplastic Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010 Sep;72(3):490-496.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2010.04.010. Epub 2010 Jul 3.