Clinical trial NCT00338260: Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) Study (0954-133)
Official title: A Triple-Blind, Parallel Study to Investigate the Effect of Losartan Versus Atenolol on the Reduction of Morbidity and Mortality in Hypertensive Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: Hypertension and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (Thickening of the Main Pumping Chamber of the Heart)
Lead sponsor: Organon and Co
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2006-06-20
Enrollment: 496
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 55
Maximum age (years): 80
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: The LIFE study was conducted from 1995-2001. This study was conducted in 9193 patients with high blood pressure and thickening of the main pumping chamber of the heart. The results showed that after an average treatment time of 4.8 years, treatment that was based on losartan was better than treatment based on atenolol for reducing the risk of having a stroke. The main study results were published in Dahlof et al. Lancet 2002;359:995-1003.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 55 to 80 years
* Males and females
* Hypertension (160-200/95-115 mm Hg
* ECG evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy

Exclusion Criteria:

* Need for treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, or open- label angiotensin receptor blockers or beta-blockers
* Myocardial infarction or stroke within 6 months

Primary outcomes:
measure: Composite of cardiovascular death, fatal and nonfatal stroke, fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction (heart attack)
Secondary outcomes:
measure: cardiovascular death, stroke, myocardial infarction, all-cause mortality, hospitalization for heart failure, new-onset diabetes mellitus
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
affiliation: Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
name: Medical Monitor
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
citation: Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Beevers G, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, Ibsen H, Kristiansson K, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Lindholm LH, Nieminen MS, Omvik P, Oparil S, Wedel H; LIFE Study Group. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet. 2002 Mar 23;359(9311):995-1003. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08089-3.
citation: Lindholm LH, Ibsen H, Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Beevers G, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Kristiansson K, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Nieminen MS, Omvik P, Oparil S, Wedel H, Aurup P, Edelman J, Snapinn S; LIFE Study Group. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet. 2002 Mar 23;359(9311):1004-10. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08090-X.
citation: Devereux RB, Dahlof B, Gerdts E, Boman K, Nieminen MS, Papademetriou V, Rokkedal J, Harris KE, Edelman JM, Wachtell K. Regression of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy by losartan compared with atenolol: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) trial. Circulation. 2004 Sep 14;110(11):1456-62. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000141573.44737.5A. Epub 2004 Aug 23.
citation: Okin PM, Devereux RB, Jern S, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Nieminen MS, Snapinn S, Harris KE, Aurup P, Edelman JM, Dahlof B; Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in hypertension Study Investigations. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy by losartan versus atenolol: The Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) Study. Circulation. 2003 Aug 12;108(6):684-90. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000083724.28630.C3. Epub 2003 Jul 28.
citation: Wachtell K, Hornestam B, Lehto M, Slotwiner DJ, Gerdts E, Olsen MH, Aurup P, Dahlof B, Ibsen H, Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Lindholm LH, Nieminen MS, Rokkedal J, Devereux RB. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients with a history of atrial fibrillation: The Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Mar 1;45(5):705-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.06.080.
citation: Ibsen H, Wachtell K, Olsen MH, Borch-Johnsen K, Lindholm LH, Mogensen CE, Dahlof B, Devereux RB, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Nieminen MS, Omvik P, Oparil S, Wan Y; LIFE substudy. Does albuminuria predict cardiovascular outcome on treatment with losartan versus atenolol in hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy? A LIFE substudy. J Hypertens. 2004 Sep;22(9):1805-11. doi: 10.1097/00004872-200409000-00026.
citation: Kjeldsen SE, Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Julius S, Aurup P, Edelman J, Beevers G, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, Ibsen H, Kristianson K, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Lindholm LH, Nieminen MS, Omvik P, Oparil S, Snapinn S, Wedel H; LIFE (Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction) Study Group. Effects of losartan on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: a Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction (LIFE) substudy. JAMA. 2002 Sep 25;288(12):1491-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.12.1491.
citation: Lindholm LH, Ibsen H, Borch-Johnsen K, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Beevers G, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Kristianson K, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Nieminen MS, Omvik P, Oparil S, Wedel H, Aurup P, Edelman JM, Snapinn S; LIFE study group. Risk of new-onset diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study. J Hypertens. 2002 Sep;20(9):1879-86. doi: 10.1097/00004872-200209000-00035.
citation: Devereux RB, Dahlof B, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Aurup P, Beevers G, Edelman JM, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, Helle Berg S, Ibsen H, Kristianson K, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Lindholm LH, Nieminen MS, Omvik P, Oparil S, Snapinn S, Wedel H; LIFE Study Group. Effects of losartan or atenolol in hypertensive patients without clinically evident vascular disease: a substudy of the LIFE randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2003 Aug 5;139(3):169-77. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-139-3-200308050-00006.
citation: Wachtell K, Lehto M, Gerdts E, Olsen MH, Hornestam B, Dahlof B, Ibsen H, Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Lindholm LH, Nieminen MS, Devereux RB. Angiotensin II receptor blockade reduces new-onset atrial fibrillation and subsequent stroke compared to atenolol: the Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Mar 1;45(5):712-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.10.068.
citation: Okin PM, Gerdts E, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Edelman JM, Dahlof B, Devereux RB; Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension Study Investigators. Gender differences in regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during antihypertensive therapy. Hypertension. 2008 Jul;52(1):100-6. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.110064. Epub 2008 May 26.
citation: Li Z, Dahlof B, Okin PM, Kjeldsen SE, Wachtell K, Ibsen H, Nieminen MS, Jern S, Devereux RB. Left bundle branch block and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension study. J Hypertens. 2008 Jun;26(6):1244-9. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3282fcc23c.
citation: Boersma C, Carides GW, Atthobari J, Voors AA, Postma MJ. An economic assessment of losartan-based versus atenolol-based therapy in patients with hypertension and left-ventricular hypertrophy: results from the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction (LIFE) study adapted to The Netherlands. Clin Ther. 2007 May;29(5):963-971. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.05.014.
citation: Aurigemma GP, Devereux RB, Wachtell K, Palmieri V, Boman K, Gerdts E, Nieminen MS, Papademetriou V, Dahlof B. Left ventricular mass regression in the LIFE study: effect of previous antihypertensive treatment. Am J Hypertens. 2003 Mar;16(3):180-6. doi: 10.1016/s0895-7061(02)03258-2.
citation: Boman K, Olofsson M, Dahlof B, Gerdts E, Nieminen MS, Papademetriou V, Wachtell K, Devereux RB. Left ventricular structure and function in sedentary and physically active subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy (the LIFE Study). Am J Cardiol. 2005 Jan 15;95(2):280-3. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.09.019.
citation: Biederman RW, Doyle M, Young AA, Devereux RB, Kortright E, Perry G, Bella JN, Oparil S, Calhoun D, Pohost GM, Dell'Italia LJ. Marked regional left ventricular heterogeneity in hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy patients: a losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance and echocardiographic substudy. Hypertension. 2008 Aug;52(2):279-86. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.109819. Epub 2008 Jul 7.
citation: Bella JN, Wachtell K, Palmieri V, Liebson PR, Gerdts E, Ylitalo A, Koren MJ, Pedersen OL, Rokkedal J, Dahlof B, Roman MJ, Devereux RB. Relation of left ventricular geometry and function to systemic hemodynamics in hypertension: the LIFE Study. Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension Study. J Hypertens. 2001 Jan;19(1):127-34. doi: 10.1097/00004872-200101000-00017.
citation: Bella JN, Palmieri V, Wachtell K, Liu JE, Gerdts E, Nieminen MS, Koren MJ, Zabalgoitia M, Wright JT, Dahlof B, Devereux RB. Sex-related difference in regression of left ventricular hypertrophy with antihypertensive treatment: the LIFE study. J Hum Hypertens. 2004 Jun;18(6):411-6. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001708.
citation: Bang LE, Wiinberg N, Wachtell K, Larsen J, Olsen MH, Tuxen C, Hildebrandt PR, Ibsen H. Losartan versus atenolol on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. A LIFE substudy. Blood Press. 2007;16(6):392-7. doi: 10.1080/08037050701642808.
citation: Chinali M, de Simone G, Wachtell K, Gerdts E, Gardin JM, Boman K, Nieminen MS, Papademetriou V, Dahlof B, Devereux RB. Left atrial systolic force in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. J Hypertens. 2008 Jul;26(7):1472-6. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3282ff84d7.
citation: Christensen MK, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Tuxen C, Fossum E, Bang LE, Wiinberg N, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, Hildebrandt P, Rokkedal J, Ibsen H. Does long-term losartan- vs atenolol-based antihypertensive treatment influence collagen markers differently in hypertensive patients? A LIFE substudy. Blood Press. 2006;15(4):198-206. doi: 10.1080/08037050600962968.
citation: Devereux RB, Bella J, Boman K, Gerdts E, Nieminen MS, Rokkedal J, Papademetriou V, Wachtell K, Wright J, Paranicas M, Okin PM, Roman MJ, Smith G, Dahlof B. Echocardiographic left ventricular geometry in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy: The LIFE Study. Blood Press. 2001;10(2):74-82. doi: 10.1080/08037050152112050.
citation: Cicala S, Devereux RB, de Simone G, Wachtell K, Gerdts E, Boman K, Nieminen MS, Papademetriou V, Dahlof B, Okin PM. Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic detection of myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular hypertrophy. The LIFE Study. Am J Hypertens. 2007 Jul;20(7):771-6. doi: 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2007.01.021.
citation: de Simone G, Wachtell K, Palmieri V, Hille DA, Beevers G, Dahlof B, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, Ibsen H, Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Lindholm LH, Nieminen MS, Omvik P, Oparil S, Devereux RB. Body build and risk of cardiovascular events in hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE (Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension) study. Circulation. 2005 Apr 19;111(15):1924-31. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000161799.91577.0A.
citation: Gerdts E, Cramariuc D, de Simone G, Wachtell K, Dahlof B, Devereux RB. Impact of left ventricular geometry on prognosis in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (the LIFE study). Eur J Echocardiogr. 2008 Nov;9(6):809-15. doi: 10.1093/ejechocard/jen155. Epub 2008 May 13.
citation: Franklin SS, Wachtell K, Papademetriou V, Olsen MH, Devereux RB, Fyhrquist F, Ibsen H, Kjeldsen SE, Dahlof B. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients with lower versus higher risk: a LIFE substudy. Hypertension. 2005 Sep;46(3):492-9. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000179604.42845.8d. Epub 2005 Aug 22.
citation: Fossum E, Moan A, Kjeldsen SE, Devereux RB, Julius S, Snapinn SM, Edelman JM, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, Ibsen H, Kristianson K, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Lindholm LH, Nieminen MS, Omvik P, Oparil S, Wedel H, Dahlof B; LIFE Study Group. The effect of losartan versus atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension taking aspirin: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Sep 6;46(5):770-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.05.060.
citation: Devereux RB, Wachtell K, Gerdts E, Boman K, Nieminen MS, Papademetriou V, Rokkedal J, Harris K, Aurup P, Dahlof B. Prognostic significance of left ventricular mass change during treatment of hypertension. JAMA. 2004 Nov 17;292(19):2350-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.292.19.2350.
citation: Gerdts E, Bjornstad H, Toft S, Devereux RB, Omvik P. Impact of diastolic Doppler indices on exercise capacity in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (a LIFE substudy). J Hypertens. 2002 Jun;20(6):1223-9. doi: 10.1097/00004872-200206000-00037.
citation: Fossum E, Gleim GW, Kjeldsen SE, Kizer JR, Julius S, Devereux RB, Brady WE, Hille DA, Lyle PA, Dahlof B. The effect of baseline physical activity on cardiovascular outcomes and new-onset diabetes in patients treated for hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. J Intern Med. 2007 Oct;262(4):439-48. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01808.x.
citation: Fyhrquist F, Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Beevers G, de Faire U, Ibsen H, Kristianson K, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Lindholm LH, Nieminen MS, Omvik P, Oparil S, Hille DA, Lyle PA, Edelman JM, Snapinn SM, Wedel H; LIFE Study Group. Pulse pressure and effects of losartan or atenolol in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertension. 2005 Apr;45(4):580-5. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000161186.55933.6b.
citation: Devereux RB, Roman MJ, Palmieri V, Okin PM, Boman K, Gerdts E, Nieminen MS, Papademetriou V, Wachtell K, Dahlof B. Left ventricular wall stresses and wall stress-mass-heart rate products in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension. J Hypertens. 2000 Aug;18(8):1129-38. doi: 10.1097/00004872-200018080-00019.
citation: Devereux RB, Lyle PA. Losartan for the treatment of hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2004 Nov;5(11):2311-20. doi: 10.1517/14656566.5.11.2311.
citation: Devereux RB, Palmieri V, Liu JE, Wachtell K, Bella JN, Boman K, Gerdts E, Nieminen MS, Papademetriou V, Dahlof B. Progressive hypertrophy regression with sustained pressure reduction in hypertension: the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction study. J Hypertens. 2002 Jul;20(7):1445-50. doi: 10.1097/00004872-200207000-00033.
citation: Gerdts E, Oikarinen L, Palmieri V, Otterstad JE, Wachtell K, Boman K, Dahlof B, Devereux RB; Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) Study. Correlates of left atrial size in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) Study. Hypertension. 2002 Mar 1;39(3):739-43. doi: 10.1161/hy0302.105683.
citation: Devereux RB, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, Harris KE, Ibsen H, Kjeldsen SE, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Lindholm LH, Nieminen MS, Omvik P, Oparil S, Wedel H, Hille DA, Dahlof B. Blood pressure reduction and antihypertensive medication use in the losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007 Feb;23(2):259-70. doi: 10.1185/030079906X162854.
citation: Eijkelkamp WB, Zhang Z, Brenner BM, Cooper ME, Devereux RB, Dahlof B, Ibsen H, Keane WF, Lindholm LH, Olsen MH, Parving HH, Remuzzi G, Shahinfar S, Snapinn SM, Wachtell K, de Zeeuw D. Renal function and risk for cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension: the RENAAL and LIFE studies. J Hypertens. 2007 Apr;25(4):871-6. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328014953c.
citation: Fossum E, Olsen MH, Hoieggen A, Wachtell K, Reims HM, Kjeldsen SE, Ibsen H, Wan Y, Julius S. Long-term effects of a losartan- compared with an atenolol-based treatment regimen on carotid artery plaque development in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: ICARUS, a LIFE substudy. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2006 Mar;8(3):169-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-6175.2006.04838.x.
citation: Fossum E, Olsen MH, Hoieggen A, Wachtell K, Reims HM, Ibsen H, Julius S, Kjeldsen SE. Long-term plasma catecholamines in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy treated with losartan or atenolol: ICARUS, a LIFE substudy. J Hum Hypertens. 2004 Jun;18(6):375-80. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001712.
citation: Gerdts E, Wachtell K, Omvik P, Otterstad JE, Oikarinen L, Boman K, Dahlof B, Devereux RB. Left atrial size and risk of major cardiovascular events during antihypertensive treatment: losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension trial. Hypertension. 2007 Feb;49(2):311-6. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000254322.96189.85. Epub 2006 Dec 18.
citation: Gerdts E, Okin PM, de Simone G, Cramariuc D, Wachtell K, Boman K, Devereux RB. Gender differences in left ventricular structure and function during antihypertensive treatment: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension Study. Hypertension. 2008 Apr;51(4):1109-14. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.107474. Epub 2008 Feb 7.
citation: Hildebrandt P, Boesen M, Olsen M, Wachtell K, Groenning B. N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide in arterial hypertension--a marker for left ventricular dimensions and prognosis. Eur J Heart Fail. 2004 Mar 15;6(3):313-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2004.01.001.
citation: Gerdts E, Papademetriou V, Palmieri V, Boman K, Bjornstad H, Wachtell K, Giles TD, Dahlof B, Devereux RB; Losartan Intervention For End (LIFE) point reduction in hypertension study. Correlates of pulse pressure reduction during antihypertensive treatment (losartan or atenolol) in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (the LIFE study). Am J Cardiol. 2002 Feb 15;89(4):399-402. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(01)02260-3.
citation: Gerdts E, Roman MJ, Palmieri V, Wachtell K, Smith G, Nieminen MS, Dahlof B, Devereux RB. Impact of age on left ventricular hypertrophy regression during antihypertensive treatment with losartan or atenolol (the LIFE study). J Hum Hypertens. 2004 Jun;18(6):417-22. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001718.
citation: Hoieggen A, Alderman MH, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Devereux RB, De Faire U, Fyhrquist F, Ibsen H, Kristianson K, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Lindholm LH, Nieminen MS, Omvik P, Oparil S, Wedel H, Chen C, Dahlof B; LIFE Study Group. The impact of serum uric acid on cardiovascular outcomes in the LIFE study. Kidney Int. 2004 Mar;65(3):1041-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00484.x.
citation: Gerdts E, Zabalgoitia M, Bjornstad H, Svendsen TL, Devereux RB. Gender differences in systolic left ventricular function in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (the LIFE study). Am J Cardiol. 2001 Apr 15;87(8):980-3; A4. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(01)01433-3.
citation: Ibsen H, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Borch-Johnsen K, Lindholm LH, Mogensen CE, Dahlof B, Devereux RB, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Nieminen MS, Omvik P, Oparil S, Wan Y. Reduction in albuminuria translates to reduction in cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients: losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension study. Hypertension. 2005 Feb;45(2):198-202. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000154082.72286.2a. Epub 2005 Jan 17.
citation: Hildebrandt P, Wachtell K, Dahlof B, Papademitriou V, Gerdts E, Giles T, Oikarinen L, Tuxen C, Olsen MH, Devereux RB. Impairment of cardiac function in hypertensive patients with Type 2 diabetes: a LIFE study. Diabet Med. 2005 Aug;22(8):1005-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01564.x.
citation: Ibsen H, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Borch-Johnsen K, Lindholm LH, Mogensen CE, Dahlof B, Snapinn SM, Wan Y, Lyle PA. Does albuminuria predict cardiovascular outcomes on treatment with losartan versus atenolol in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy? The LIFE study. Diabetes Care. 2006 Mar;29(3):595-600. doi: 10.2337/diacare.29.03.06.dc05-1724.
citation: Li ZB, Wachtell K, Okin PM, Gerdts E, Liu JE, Nieminen MS, Jern S, Dahlof B, Devereux RB. Association of left bundle branch block with left ventricular structure and function in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. J Hum Hypertens. 2004 Jun;18(6):397-402. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001709.
citation: Oikarinen L, Nieminen MS, Viitasalo M, Toivonen L, Jern S, Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Okin PM; LIFE Study Investigators. QRS duration and QT interval predict mortality in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension Study. Hypertension. 2004 May;43(5):1029-34. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000125230.46080.c6. Epub 2004 Mar 22.
citation: Julius S, Alderman MH, Beevers G, Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Douglas JG, Edelman JM, Harris KE, Kjeldsen SE, Nesbitt S, Randall OS, Wright JT Jr. Cardiovascular risk reduction in hypertensive black patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004 Mar 17;43(6):1047-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2003.11.029.
citation: Kizer JR, Dahlof B, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Beevers G, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, Ibsen H, Kristianson K, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Lindholm LH, Nieminen MS, Omvik P, Oparil S, Wedel H, Wachtell K, Edelman JM, Snapinn SM, Harris KE, Devereux RB. Stroke reduction in hypertensive adults with cardiac hypertrophy randomized to losartan versus atenolol: the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study. Hypertension. 2005 Jan;45(1):46-52. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000151324.05355.1c. Epub 2004 Dec 6.
citation: McInnes G, Burke TA, Carides G. Cost-effectiveness of losartan-based therapy in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: a UK-based economic evaluation of the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. J Hum Hypertens. 2006 Jan;20(1):51-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001939.
citation: Kristianson K, Fyhrquist F, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, Lindholm LH, Lyle PA, Nieminen MS, Snapinn SM. An analysis of cholesterol control and statin use in the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension Study. Clin Ther. 2003 Apr;25(4):1186-99. doi: 10.1016/s0149-2918(03)80075-9.
citation: Okin PM, Devereux RB, Gerdts E, Snapinn SM, Harris KE, Jern S, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Edelman JM, Lindholm LH, Dahlof B; LIFE Study Investigators. Impact of diabetes mellitus on regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and the prediction of outcome during antihypertensive therapy: the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint (LIFE) Reduction in Hypertension Study. Circulation. 2006 Mar 28;113(12):1588-96. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.574822. Epub 2006 Mar 13.
citation: Okin PM, Devereux RB, Nieminen MS, Jern S, Oikarinen L, Viitasalo M, Toivonen L, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Dahlof B. Relationship of the electrocardiographic strain pattern to left ventricular structure and function in hypertensive patients: the LIFE study. Losartan Intervention For End point. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001 Aug;38(2):514-20. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01378-x.
citation: Oikarinen L, Nieminen MS, Toivonen L, Viitasalo M, Wachtell K, Papademetriou V, Jern S, Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Okin PM; LIFE Study Investigators. Relation of QT interval and QT dispersion to regression of echocardiographic and electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients: the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction (LIFE) study. Am Heart J. 2003 May;145(5):919-25. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8703(02)94785-X.
citation: Kontos J, Papademetriou V, Wachtell K, Palmieri V, Liu JE, Gerdts E, Boman K, Nieminen MS, Dahlof B, Devereux RB. Impact of valvular regurgitation on left ventricular geometry and function in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. J Hum Hypertens. 2004 Jun;18(6):431-6. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001715.
citation: Ibsen H, Wachtell K, Olsen MH, Borch-Johnsen K, Lindholm LH, Mogensen CE, Dahlof B. Albuminuria and cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE Study. Kidney Int Suppl. 2004 Nov;(92):S56-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.09214.x.
citation: Okin PM, Devereux RB, Harris KE, Jern S, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Edelman JM, Dahlof B; LIFE Study Investigators. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with less hospitalization for heart failure in hypertensive patients. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Sep 4;147(5):311-9. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-147-5-200709040-00006.
citation: Okin PM, Devereux RB, Jern S, Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Dahlof B. Relation of echocardiographic left ventricular mass and hypertrophy to persistent electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients: the LIFE Study. Am J Hypertens. 2001 Aug;14(8 Pt 1):775-82. doi: 10.1016/s0895-7061(01)01291-2.
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