Clinical trial NCT03525431: Clinical Utility of Pediatric Whole Exome Sequencing
Official title: Genomic Sequencing to Aid Diagnosis in Pediatric and Prenatal Practice: Examining Clinical Utility, Ethical Implications, Payer Coverage, and Data Integration in a Diverse Population.
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Encephalopathy
Birth Defect
Intellectual Disability
Multiple Congenital Anomaly
Metabolic Disease
Epilepsy
Neuro-Degenerative Disease
Cerebral Palsy
Developmental Delay
Developmental Defect
Keywords: Exome
Sequencing
Clinical Utility
Pediatric
Underrepresented
Underserved
Lead sponsor: University of California, San Francisco
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)
First posted: 2018-05-15
Enrollment: 529
Sex: ALL
Maximum age (years): 25
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: DIAGNOSTIC

Brief summary: The investigator aims to examine the clinical utility of WES, including assessment of a variety of clinical outcomes in undiagnosed pediatric cases.

Detailed description: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is changing the paradigm of clinical genetic testing. Unlike highly focused single-gene tests, NGS allows one to examine gene panels, the exome, and the whole genome. With the broad array of molecular tests now available, ordering physicians face the conundrum of selecting the best diagnostic tool for patients with suspected genetic conditions. Single-gene testing is often most appropriate for conditions with distinctive clinical features and minimal locus heterogeneity. NGS-based gene panel testing, which can be complemented with chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and other ancillary methods, provides a comprehensive and feasible approach for well documented but genetically heterogeneous disorders. Whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) have the advantage of enabling parallel interrogation of most of the genes in the human genome. To some, WES is preferable to previously used methods due to higher diagnostic yield, shorter time to diagnosis, and improved cost-efficiency.

The ability to survey the exome opens up both new opportunities and new challenges. For example, all coding regions of known genes must be analyzed when applying WES to undiagnosed cases with unclear inheritance patterns. Current limitations on variant interpretation capabilities and clinical validity raise questions about the clinical utility of WES as either a stand-alone or a first-choice diagnostic test. Additional challenges include pre- and post-test counseling with appropriate and robust informed consent, bioinformatics analysis setup and validation, variant interpretation and classification, the need for policies and protocols concerning the discovery and reporting of secondary findings unrelated to the presenting indication, a requirement for validation of WES results, assurance of conformation to quality control standards, data storage and accessibility, and reimbursement issues.

Introducing WES into pediatric clinical care of underrepresented populations raises additional issues and considerations of payment coverage, access, and standards of care. Beyond the sheer complexity of the test and its results, clinicians and health systems must address numerous considerations, including: private and public insurance coverage; language and culture differences and their implications for genetic counseling and clinician-patient relationships; ability to access follow-up testing and clinical care; and ability to access appropriate treatment and services. These issues and others will affect not only patients' decision-making regarding WES, but also their post-test needs for patient follow up. The importance of systematically assessing the clinical utility of NGS is critical for determining in which clinical and health care contexts WES will be useful and for commencing research on these considerations.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Presenting clinical features suggestive of a genetic etiology, including intellectual disability, seizures, multiple congenital anomalies, metabolic conditions, and neurodegenerative conditions or idiopathic cerebral palsy.
2. A minimum of one biological parent is available and willing to provide a specimen for WES, with a preference for two available parents. At least one parent consenting to WES of the child.

4. Pediatric patients must have had at least one prior genetics appointment or evaluation 5. Pediatric patients may have had a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array or oligonucleotide array that did not provide a diagnosis.

Even though this study is for pediatric patients, maximum age limit was increased to 25, if patients fulfilling the above criteria were being followed by Pediatrics Department since they were younger than 18.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Prior WES performed for a clinical or research indication
2. Lack of phenotypic indication of a likely underlying genetic etiology
3. Both biological parents are unavailable.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Number of Pediatric Patients With a Positive Exome Sequencing Result
timeFrame: At the completion of data collection (follow-up visit at 6-12 months after return of results)
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Fresno
country: United States
facility: UCSF Fresno
state: California
city: Oakland
country: United States
facility: UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland
state: California
city: San Francisco
country: United States
facility: Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital
state: California
city: San Francisco
country: United States
facility: Benioff Children's Hospital Mission Bay
state: California
Study officials:
affiliation: University of California, San Francisco
name: Pui-Yan Kwok, MD/PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: University of California, San Francisco
name: Barbara Koenig, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: University of California, San Francisco
name: Mary Norton, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Yang Y, Muzny DM, Reid JG, Bainbridge MN, Willis A, Ward PA, Braxton A, Beuten J, Xia F, Niu Z, Hardison M, Person R, Bekheirnia MR, Leduc MS, Kirby A, Pham P, Scull J, Wang M, Ding Y, Plon SE, Lupski JR, Beaudet AL, Gibbs RA, Eng CM. Clinical whole-exome sequencing for the diagnosis of mendelian disorders. N Engl J Med. 2013 Oct 17;369(16):1502-11. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1306555. Epub 2013 Oct 2.
citation: Slavotinek A. Clinical care models in the era of next-generation sequencing. Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2016 May 12;4(3):239-42. doi: 10.1002/mgg3.225. eCollection 2016 May. No abstract available.
citation: Rego S, Hoban H, Outram S, Zamora AN, Chen F, Sahin-Hodoglugil N, Anguiano B, Norstad M, Yip T, Lianoglou B, Sparks TN, Norton ME, Koenig BA, Slavotinek AM, Ackerman SL. Perspectives and preferences regarding genomic secondary findings in underrepresented prenatal and pediatric populations: A mixed-methods approach. Genet Med. 2022 Jun;24(6):1206-1216. doi: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.02.004. Epub 2022 Apr 8.