Clinical trial NCT03595462: The Benefits of Consuming Hummus as an Afternoon Snack
Official title: The Benefits of Consuming Hummus as an Afternoon Snack on Appetite Control, Daily Food Intake, and Diet Quality in Adults
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Appetitive Behavior
Lead sponsor: Purdue University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2018-07-23
Enrollment: 33
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 50
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Intervention model description: tightly-controlled, randomized cross-over design
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: The investigators propose a randomized snack study in normal to overweight adults that will test whether the consumption of different afternoon snacks will have different effects on appetite, mood, blood sugar control, and food intake.

Aim 1: To examine whether the addition of hummus as part of an afternoon snack will improve diet quality, particularly through assessments of daily:

* Vegetable consumption
* Snacking behavior
* Energy intake
* Food choices

Aim 2: To examine whether the addition of hummus as part of an afternoon snack will improve appetite control and satiety including assessments of:

* Appetite Control (hunger, desire to eat, prospective food consumption)
* Cravings (sweet, salty, savory)
* Satiety (fullness)
* Eating initiation

Aim 3: To examine whether the addition of hummus as part of an afternoon snack will improve free-living glycemic control.

Aim 4: To explore whether the addition of hummus as part of an afternoon snack will improve mood/energy states

Detailed description: Experimental Design: For 6 consecutive days/treatment, the participants will consume either hummus and pretzels, granola bars, or no snack between 2-4 pm and refrain from eating anything else during this time. On day 7, the participants will consume a standard breakfast, at home, and will come in to the investigator's facility 1 h prior to their habitual lunch time. The participants will be placed in a comfortable room, void of all time cues and a standardized lunch will be consumed. At 3 h after lunch, the participants will complete baseline appetite, satiety, and mood questionnaires. The respective snack will be given to the participants, and they will have 20 minutes to eat the snack. Snack palatability will also be assessed. The participants will continue to complete the previous questionnaires until they voluntarily choose to eat (again). At 3 h after snack, they will be presented with ad libitum dinner and evening snacks. They will be permitted to eat as much or as little as they would like to eat over the remainder of the day. In addition, from day 3 to day 8 of the testing week, continuous glucose monitoring will be completed to assess glucose control.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* normal to overweight (BMI: 18-32 kg/m2)
* no metabolic, psychological, or neurological diseases/conditions not currently or previously on a weight loss or other special diet (in the past 6 months)
* non-smoking
* not been clinically diagnosed with an eating disorder
* habitually eat an afternoon snack between 2:00-4:00 pm
* no food allergies related to the study snacks
* rates the overall liking of hummus higher than "Neither Like nor Dislike" on the screening palatability questionnaire.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Clinically diagnosed with an eating disorder
* Metabolic, hormonal, and/or neural conditions/diseases that influence metabolism or appetite
* Currently or previously on a weight loss or other special diet (in the past 6 months)
* Gained/lost \>10 lb. over the past 6 months
* Taking medication that would directly influence appetite (weight-loss drugs or antidepressant, steroid, or thyroid medication, unless dosage has been stable for at least 6 months)
* Not willing or able to complete all study testing procedures

Primary outcomes:
measure: Perceived Hunger
timeFrame: -180 min, -120 min, -60 min, +0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min
measure: Perceived Fullness
timeFrame: -180 min, -120 min, -60 min, +0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min
measure: Perceived Desire to Eat
timeFrame: -180 min, -120 min, -60 min, +0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min
measure: Perceived Prospective Food Consumption
timeFrame: -180 min, -120 min, -60 min, +0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Perceived Sweet
timeFrame: -180 min, -120 min, -60 min, +0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min
measure: Perceived Salty
timeFrame: -180 min, -120 min, -60 min, +0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min
measure: Perceived Savory
timeFrame: -180 min, -120 min, -60 min, +0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min
measure: Perceived Sleepiness
timeFrame: -180 min, -120 min, -60 min, +0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min
measure: Perceived Energy
timeFrame: -180 min, -120 min, -60 min, +0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min
measure: Perceived Alertness
timeFrame: -180 min, -120 min, -60 min, +0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min
measure: Ad libitum Snack Pack-out
timeFrame: 3 testing days
measure: Glucose Excursions Change
timeFrame: 6 days for each treatment
measure: Perceived Snack Palatability
timeFrame: 2 testing days that include snacks
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: West Lafayette
country: United States
facility: Purdue University
state: Indiana
Study officials:
affiliation: Purdue University
name: Heather J Leidy, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: