Clinical trial NCT00421538: Randomized Controlled Trial of Anticoagulation vs. Placebo for a First Symptomatic Isolated Distal Deep-vein Thrombosis (IDDVT)
Official title: Contention Alone Versus Anticoagulation for Symptomatic Calf Vein Thrombosis Diagnosed by Ultrasonography
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: Distal (Calf) Deep-vein Thrombosis
Keywords: Deep vein Thrombosis
Calf vein thrombosis
Low-molecular weight heparin
Placebo
Elastic contention
Compression Ultrasonography
Lead sponsor: University Hospital, Geneva
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Swiss National Science Foundation
name: Ministry of Health, France
name: Lady Davis Institute
name: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
First posted: 2007-01-12
Enrollment: 260
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: CACTUS-PTS is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study which aims primarily to determine the effectiveness of a 6 week course of therapeutic-dose LMWH (nadroparine) injections vs. placebo in patients with a first symptomatic isolated distal (calf) deep-vein thrombosis (IDDVT), as measured by rate of proximal DVT and symptomatic PE at 6 weeks. Additionally, the study aims to determine if the 6 week course of treatment with therapeutic-dose LMWH (nadroparine) injections, compared to placebo, decreases the frequency of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) at 1 year.

Detailed description: The CACTUS-PTS study will compare anticoagulant treatment for 6 weeks versus placebo in acute, symptomatic distal DVT. Patients will be randomized to receive either a six-week period of LMWH at therapeutic dosage or a six-week period of placebo. All patients will be treated with elastic compression stockings and followed-up with a standardized ultrasonography protocol. Strict ultrasonographic diagnostic criteria for distal DVT have been defined. Control compression ultrasonography will be performed between days 3 and 7 and at six weeks after inclusion. The primary outcome will be a composite of the proportion of patients with extension of the thrombus to the proximal veins (detected by the programmed ultrasound examinations or by an ultrasound performed because of recurrent symptoms) or symptomatic PE in both arms of the study during the 6-weeks study period. Patients with such an outcome will be anticoagulated as currently admitted in presence of a proximal DVT. Secondary outcomes will be the individual components of the composite endpoint (distal DVT extension to proximal veins; symptomatic PE), major bleeding, serious adverse events and death reported at 6 weeks and 90 days. To answer the research question of the PTS add-on study, patients will self-assess and be assessed for PTS by a clinician using the Villalta scale, 1 year following their enrolment into the trial. In addition, patients will complete a Quality of Life (QOL) questionnaire. The QOL questionnaire will be comprised of both the VEINES-QOL and SF-36. The primary outcome is the rate of PTS, with secondary outcomes of QOL scores and PTS severity.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* All outpatients with an acute, symptomatic, distal DVT will be included in the study, provided they correspond to the following diagnostic and exclusion criteria, and they have signed an informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age less than 18 years
* Previously objectively diagnosed DVT or PE
* Distal DVT involving the tibioperoneal trunk (i.e. calf trifurcation)
* Clinically suspected pulmonary embolism
* Active cancer, receiving cancer treatment or cancer considered cured for \<6 months
* Ipsilateral or contralateral proximal DVT
* Indication for long-term anticoagulation (e.g. atrial fibrillation, mechanical heart valve...)
* Pregnancy
* Thrombocytopenia (platelet count \< 100 g/l)
* Impaired renal function (serum creatinine \> 180 micromol/l or clearance to creatinine less than 30 ml/min)
* Known hypersensitivity to heparin
* Presence of an active bleeding or a pathology susceptible of bleeding in presence of anticoagulation (gastric ulcer, cerebral malignant disease...)
* Treatment with daily NSAIDs (aspirin ≤160 mg/day permitted)
* Body weight \>115 kg or \<40 kg
* Treatment with therapeutic doses of anticoagulants for \>2 days, corresponding to: 2 injections of LMWH if once daily therapeutic LMWH used; 3 injections of LMWH if twice-daily therapeutic LMWH used; 1 dose of oral vitamin K antagonist (e.g. warfarin)
* Ongoing requirement for prophylactic dose thromboprophylaxis (e.g. acute post-op patient receiving thromboprophylaxis)
* Enrolled in another clinical trial within previous 30 days
* Inability or refusal to provide informed consent

Primary outcomes:
measure: Composite of rate of extension of distal DVT to proximal deep veins (includes ipsilateral extension or new contralateral proximal DVT) or symptomatic PE at 6 weeks
timeFrame: 6 weeks
measure: Rate of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS)
timeFrame: 1 year
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Individual components of the composite endpoint: distal DVT extension to proximal veins at 6 weeks and 90 days; PE at 6 weeks and 90 days
timeFrame: 6 weeks and 3 months
measure: Major bleeding at 6 weeks and 90 days
timeFrame: 6 weeks and 3 months
measure: Death at 6 weeks and 90 days
timeFrame: 6 weeks and 3 months
measure: Serious adverse events at 6 weeks and 90 days
timeFrame: 6 weeks and 3 months
measure: Generic and venous disease-specific Quality of Life scores
timeFrame: 1 year
measure: PTS severity category
timeFrame: 1 year
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Hamilton
country: Canada
facility: Hamilton General Hospital
state: Ontario
city: Ottawa
country: Canada
facility: Ottawa General Hospital
state: Ontario
city: Montreal
country: Canada
facility: Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont
state: Quebec
city: Montreal
country: Canada
facility: Jewish General Hospital
state: Quebec
city: Saskatoon
country: Canada
facility: Royal University Hospital
state: Saskatchewan
city: Montpellier
country: France
facility: Montpellier University Hospital
state: Languedoc
city: Geneva
country: Switzerland
facility: University Hospital of Geneva
Study officials:
affiliation: University Hospital, Geneva
name: Marc Righini, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Montpellier University Hospital
name: Isabelle Quéré, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Jewish General Hospital
name: Susan Kahn, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Ottawa Hospital
name: Marc Carrier, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Righini M, Robert-Ebadi H, Glauser F, Blondon M, Ouvry P, Diamand JM, Tissot A, Frappe P, Quere I, Kahn SR, Galanaud JP, Le Gal G. Effect of anticoagulant treatment on pain in distal deep vein thrombosis: an ancillary analysis from the cactus trial. J Thromb Haemost. 2019 Mar;17(3):507-510. doi: 10.1111/jth.14387. Epub 2019 Feb 3.
citation: Righini M, Galanaud JP, Guenneguez H, Brisot D, Diard A, Faisse P, Barrellier MT, Hamel-Desnos C, Jurus C, Pichot O, Martin M, Mazzolai L, Choquenet C, Accassat S, Robert-Ebadi H, Carrier M, Le Gal G, Mermilllod B, Laroche JP, Bounameaux H, Perrier A, Kahn SR, Quere I. Anticoagulant therapy for symptomatic calf deep vein thrombosis (CACTUS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Haematol. 2016 Dec;3(12):e556-e562. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(16)30131-4. Epub 2016 Nov 8.
citation: Guanella R, Righini M. Serial limited versus single complete compression ultrasonography for the diagnosis of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Apr;33(2):144-50. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1311793. Epub 2012 May 30.