Clinical trial NCT06393192: The Post Cesarean Section Analgesic Effect of Various Quadratus Lumborum Block Approaches
Official title: Postoperative Analgesic Effects of Various Quadratus Lumborum Block Approaches Following Cesarean Section.
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Painless Labor
Epidural Analgesia
Cesarean Section
Lead sponsor: Sohag University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2024-05-01
Enrollment: 80
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 20
Maximum age (years): 40
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: The current study is a prospective cohort study that was conducted on (80) patients in Sohag university hospital who were fulfilling the eligibility criteria and presented to the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Sohag University hospital (Egyptian tertiary referral hospital) who are requesting immediate postpartum analgesia. The attending physician had explained the nature of the study and all patients included signed an informed consent.

All participants were subjected to thorough history taking including age, obstetric history, menstrual history, residency, occupation, medical history, surgical history and family history. Clinical examination and full investigations were done as preparation for elective cesarean section.

Brief summary: included patients were divided into 4 groups and each group received a mode of post cesarian section analgesia and pain was assessed by visual analogue scale at rest and movement.

1. st group epidural analgesia
2. nd group Quadratus lumborum type 2
3. rd group Quadratus lumborum type 3
4. th group Quadratus lumborum type (2+3)

Detailed description: Patients fulfilling the eligibility criteria were approached prior to delivery. The attending physician explained the nature of the study and all patients signed an informed consent then patients were divided in to four groups as follows (equal sample size in each group): the QLB type 2 (QL2 group), QLB type 3 (QL3 group), QLB type 2 +3 (QL2+3 group) and EA only group.

A 16-gauge intravenous cannula pathway was established in the non-dominant hand or arm in the operation unit. All parturient with standard monitoring including electrocardiogram, pulse arterial oxygen saturation, respiratory rate and non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) was performed combined with spinal and epidural anesthesia before C-section in the left lateral position and peripheral nerve block at the end of surgery by an experienced doctor (A.M.A). The epidural needle was inserted into the lumbar epidural space at the level of L2-3 intervertebral space.

After finding the epidural space using loss of resistance to saline technique, the tip of a spinal needle passed through the epidural needle. To achieve a sensory block height to the level of the sixth thoracic dermatome, every parturient received intrathecal anesthesia of 0.75% bupivacaine (1.3-1.7 )mL. Then, the needle was withdrawn and then an epidural catheter was inserted through the epidural needle in case the failure of intrathecal anesthesia. All surgical treatments were performed successfully in the usual manner.

Immediately after surgery, all subjects were transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and administered pre-determined analgesia, All parturient were lift in the supine position, tilting 45 degrees to the opposed side in order to place the low-frequency convex probe properly and see the sonography clearly. Bilateral QLB was performed using the atraumatic needle (22-G, 120-mm needle for peripheral nerve blocks) advanced in-plane under the guidance of an ultrasound machine. The ultrasonogram of the abdominal wall was displayed clearly through probe moving or tilting. Pillows helped to relieve the tension along the abdominal wall of parturient. The whole procedure was performed strictly according to clinical protocol.

In this study, QL2 or QL3 were conducted through an anterolateral approach with the supine position as mentioned in (Sato et al, 2017). The ultrasound transducer was placed transversely on both flanks at the horizontal level of L2-3 and adjusted until the "Shamrock sign" formed of QL muscle, psoas major and erector spinae was visualized, with imaging depth set between 0 and 9.9 cm. Needles will be penetrated in an anterolateral to posteromedial direction. Local anesthetic will be injected posterior to QL muscle in QL2, while in QL3, it will be located between QL muscle and psoas major. QL2+3 block was conducted in the same plane with only one puncture on each side.

QL2 and QL3 groups received 0.2% ropivacaine at 30 mL at the sites mentioned above in each side for a total of 60 mL. For QL2+3 group, they recieved 0.2% ropivacaine 15 mL at each point of injection with the needle inserting only once in each side. The solution was injected after negative aspiration to exclude vascular puncture. As for the EA group, we used a single bolus of 6 mL saline solution containing 9 mg ropivacaine (0.15%) and 2 mg morphine via the epidural catheter as postoperative analgesia, and meanwhile, they received a procedure like QL2, but only saline was injected as placebo.

Epidural catheters were detached from all parturient after the procedure mentioned above. Parturient received a standard postoperative analgesic regime of regular oral paracetamol 1.0 g 6 hourly.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* a normal singleton pregnancy lasting at least 37 weeks, body weight (50-70) kg, as well as having an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II

Exclusion Criteria:

* Individuals with a history of congenital coagulopathy, certain infections, or cognitive impairments that would prevent them from using the verbal rating pain score method or the patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump were not involved in the study

Primary outcomes:
measure: Total morphine consumption
timeFrame: zero, four, six, twelve, twenty-four hours & forty-eight hours postoperatively
Secondary outcomes:
measure: The side effects of the different interventions
timeFrame: four, six, twelve, twenty-four hours & forty-eight hours postoperatively
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Sohag
country: Egypt
facility: Sohag University, Medical school
city: Sohag
country: Egypt
facility: Sohag University hospital
Study officials:
References: