Clinical trial NCT03737838: Propagation ANalysis for Arrhythmogenic Conduction Elimination to Prevent Atrial Flutter and Fibrillation (PANACEA-AF)
Official title: Propagation ANalysis for Arrhythmogenic Conduction Elimination to Prevent Atrial Flutter and Fibrillation
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Atrial Fibrillation
Keywords: Paroxysmal
Atrial
Fibrillation
Ventricular
Tachycardia
Lead sponsor: University of Chicago
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2018-11-13
Enrollment: 29
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Prospective cohort of patients with AF refractory to prior ablation

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to perform ultra-high density mapping of the left atrium (a chamber of the heart) using the the Rhythmia Mapping System and to determine whether additional ablation in areas of wavefront discontinuities identified by the map will reduce the likelihood of both atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter.

Detailed description: Catheter ablation (CA) is a class 1 indication for patients with symptomatic drug-refractory atrial fibrillation (AF). With standard pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), the success rate ranges from 60-80% in patients with paroxysmal AF. Despite PVI, certain patients have recurrent AF and often require a repeat ablation procedure.

There is no standard ablation strategy for patients who undergo repeat ablation for recurrent AF. The largest randomized trial to date comparing ablation strategies found that the addition of LA roof and mitral isthmus ablation lines or ablation of LA ganglia was no better than standard PVI. Moreover, the addition of ablation lines in the LA, if not complete, may be pro-arrhythmic and lead to the development of LA AFL, which is often more symptomatic that AF itself.

Ultra-high density mapping during sinus rhythm allows for rapid creation of isochronal late activation maps (ILAM) in patients with ventricular tachycardia. To date, creating ILAM of the LA has not been reported and it is not known whether additional ablation in these areas improves freedom from all atrial tachyarrhythmias at 1 year follow-up. Moreover, ablation at the deceleration zones and/or gaps identified using ultra-high density mapping is a promising strategy to improve ablation success and decrease the potential for recurrent AF.

The rationale of the study is two-fold.

1. This study would be the first to report ILAM in the LA and confirm that the diseased LA may behave similarly to the diseased left or right ventricle.
2. Ablation of gaps and/or deceleration zones in the LA would be a novel approach to treat patients with recurrent AF after initial PVI, and if successful, provide another strategy to treat these refractory problems.

Co-PIs:

Hemal Nayak, MD Guarav Upadhyay, MD Andrew Beaser, MD Zaid Aziz, MD

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients at least 18 years of age
* Re-do AF ablation with history of PVI
* Undergone at least 1 prior ablation

Exclusion Criteria:

* Inability of patient capacity to provide consent for themselves either due to medical or psychiatric comorbidity
* Recent stroke within 6 months of planned procedure
* Inability to take oral anticoagulation

Primary outcomes:
measure: Freedom from recurrent atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
timeFrame: Baseline to 1 year
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Chicago
country: United States
facility: The University of Chicago
state: Illinois
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Chicago
name: Roderick Tung
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Anter E, Tschabrunn CM, Buxton AE, Josephson ME. High-Resolution Mapping of Postinfarction Reentrant Ventricular Tachycardia: Electrophysiological Characterization of the Circuit. Circulation. 2016 Jul 26;134(4):314-27. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.021955.
citation: Verma A, Jiang CY, Betts TR, Chen J, Deisenhofer I, Mantovan R, Macle L, Morillo CA, Haverkamp W, Weerasooriya R, Albenque JP, Nardi S, Menardi E, Novak P, Sanders P; STAR AF II Investigators. Approaches to catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2015 May 7;372(19):1812-22. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1408288.
citation: Irie T, Yu R, Bradfield JS, Vaseghi M, Buch EF, Ajijola O, Macias C, Fujimura O, Mandapati R, Boyle NG, Shivkumar K, Tung R. Relationship between sinus rhythm late activation zones and critical sites for scar-related ventricular tachycardia: systematic analysis of isochronal late activation mapping. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2015 Apr;8(2):390-9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.114.002637. Epub 2015 Mar 4.
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citation: Viswanathan K, Mantziari L, Butcher C, Hodkinson E, Lim E, Khan H, Panikker S, Haldar S, Jarman JW, Jones DG, Hussain W, Foran JP, Markides V, Wong T. Evaluation of a novel high-resolution mapping system for catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm. 2017 Feb;14(2):176-183. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.11.018. Epub 2016 Nov 17.
citation: Luther V, Sikkel M, Bennett N, Guerrero F, Leong K, Qureshi N, Ng FS, Hayat SA, Sohaib SM, Malcolme-Lawes L, Lim E, Wright I, Koa-Wing M, Lefroy DC, Linton NW, Whinnett Z, Kanagaratnam P, Davies DW, Peters NS, Lim PB. Visualizing Localized Reentry With Ultra-High Density Mapping in Iatrogenic Atrial Tachycardia: Beware Pseudo-Reentry. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2017 Apr;10(4):e004724. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.116.004724.
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citation: Anter E, Tschabrunn CM, Contreras-Valdes FM, Li J, Josephson ME. Pulmonary vein isolation using the Rhythmia mapping system: Verification of intracardiac signals using the Orion mini-basket catheter. Heart Rhythm. 2015 Sep;12(9):1927-34. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.05.019. Epub 2015 May 19.
citation: Wann LS, Curtis AB, January CT, Ellenbogen KA, Lowe JE, Estes NA 3rd, Page RL, Ezekowitz MD, Slotwiner DJ, Jackman WM, Stevenson WG, Tracy CM; 2011 Writing Group Members; Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, Le Heuzey JY, Crijns HJ, Lowe JE, Curtis AB, Olsson S, Ellenbogen KA, Prystowsky EN, Halperin JL, Tamargo JL, Kay GN, Wann L; 2006 Writing Committee Members; Jacobs AK, Anderson JL, Albert N, Hochman JS, Buller CE, Kushner FG, Creager MA, Ohman EM, Ettinger SM, Stevenson WG, Guyton RA, Tarkington LG, Halperin JL, Yancy CW; ACCF/AHA Task Force Members. 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update on the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (updating the 2006 guideline): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2011 Jan 4;123(1):104-23. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181fa3cf4. Epub 2010 Dec 20. No abstract available.