Clinical trial NCT01509508: Impact of Immediate Versus South African Recommendations Guided ART Initiation on HIV Incidence
Official title: A Cluster Randomised Trial Comparing the Impact of Immediate Versus South African Recommendations Guided ART Initiation on HIV Incidence. The ARNS 12249 TasP (Treatment as Prevention) Trial in Hlabisa Sub-district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: HIV Infection
Keywords: HIV
Prevention
Treatment
South Africa
Lead sponsor: ANRS, Emerging Infectious Diseases
Sponsor class: OTHER_GOV
Collaborators: name: Africa Centre For Health and Population Studies
name: University of KwaZulu
First posted: 2012-01-13
Enrollment: 28153
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 16
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: This trial is evaluating a public health intervention strategy trial which aims to reduce the incidence of HIV at a population-level.

The proposed strategy is a two steps process:

* Extensive HIV counselling and testing, and comprehensive prevention programme among a target population
* Immediate ART initiation after HIV diagnosis, irrespective of CD4 count criteria.

The underlaying trial hypothesis is that HIV testing followed by immediate ART initiation of all HIV-infected individuals will prevent onward transmission and reduce HIV incidence in the population. This is a cluster randomised controlled trial with a total of 22 communities used as the units for randomisation. Enrolment of a population of 22 000 individuals among which 4 400 are expected to be HIV-Infected.

Detailed description: The trial objective is to estimate the effect of ART initiated immediately after HIV diagnosis on the reduction in incidence of new HIV infections in the general population. It will be conducted in two phases:

* First phase: aiming to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of extensive HIV testing and early ARV treatment initiation on a subset of the target population (Hlabisa sub-district in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa); completion on February 2014.
* Second phase: full implementation of the trial in the target population from May 2014.

The proposed intervention has two components :

* Component 1 "Test": HIV counselling and testing, and comprehensive prevention programme among the entire target population
* Component 2 "Treat": ART treatment initiation for HIV infected individuals following two strategies

  * control group: ART initiation when eligible for treatment as per WHO guidelines
  * intervention group: immediate ART initiation regardless of immunological and clinical staging

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged 16 and more
* Member of a household in the designated cluster within the Hlabisa sub-district of KwaZulu Natal in South Africa
* Able and willing to give written informed consent for trial participation and/or HIV counselling and testing

Primary outcomes:
measure: Uptake of initial and repeat HIV counselling and testing (Feasibility phase)
timeFrame: 14 months
measure: Uptake of ARV treatment among HIV-infected individuals (Feasibility phase)
timeFrame: 14 months
measure: HIV infection incidence
timeFrame: 4 years after enrolment initiation
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Sexual partnerships
timeFrame: Repeated measure every 6 months during follow-up
measure: Safe sex and condom use
timeFrame: Repeated measure every 6 months during follow-up
measure: Quality of life
timeFrame: Repeated measure every 6 months during follow-up
measure: Health care use and health care expenditures
timeFrame: Repeated measure every 6 months during follow-up
measure: Stigma at community level
timeFrame: Repeated measure every 6 months during follow-up
measure: Adherence to ART
timeFrame: Repeated measure every 6 months during follow-up
measure: Retention
timeFrame: Repeated measure every 6 months during follow-up
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Hlabisa
country: South Africa
facility: Hlabisa Hospital
state: KwaZulu-Natal
Study officials:
affiliation: INSERM unit 897, ISPED, Université Bordeaux II, France
name: François Dabis, PhD
role: STUDY_CHAIR
affiliation: University of Southamton, United Kingdom
name: Marie-Louise Newell, PhD
role: STUDY_CHAIR
affiliation: Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZullu Natal, South Africa
name: Deenan Pillay, PhD
role: STUDY_CHAIR
References:
citation: Iwuji C, Chimukuche RS, Zuma T, Plazy M, Larmarange J, Orne-Gliemann J, Siedner M, Shahmanesh M, Seeley J. Test but not treat: Community members' experiences with barriers and facilitators to universal antiretroviral therapy uptake in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. PLoS One. 2020 Sep 24;15(9):e0239513. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239513. eCollection 2020.
citation: Larmarange J, Diallo MH, McGrath N, Iwuji C, Plazy M, Thiebaut R, Tanser F, Barnighausen T, Orne-Gliemann J, Pillay D, Dabis F; ANRS 12249 TasP Study Group. Temporal trends of population viral suppression in the context of Universal Test and Treat: the ANRS 12249 TasP trial in rural South Africa. J Int AIDS Soc. 2019 Oct;22(10):e25402. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25402.
citation: Perriat D, Plazy M, Gumede D, Boyer S, Pillay D, Dabis F, Seeley J, Orne-Gliemann J; ANRS 12249 TasP Study Group. "If you are here at the clinic, you do not know how many people need help in the community": Perspectives of home-based HIV services from health care workers in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa in the era of universal test-and-treat. PLoS One. 2018 Nov 9;13(11):e0202473. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202473. eCollection 2018.
citation: Derache A, Iwuji CC, Baisley K, Danaviah S, Marcelin AG, Calvez V, de Oliveira T, Dabis F, Porter K, Pillay D. Impact of Next-generation Sequencing Defined Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pretreatment Drug Resistance on Virological Outcomes in the ANRS 12249 Treatment-as-Prevention Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Jul 2;69(2):207-214. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy881.
citation: Larmarange J, Diallo MH, McGrath N, Iwuji C, Plazy M, Thiebaut R, Tanser F, Barnighausen T, Pillay D, Dabis F, Orne-Gliemann J; ANRS 12249 TasP Study Group. The impact of population dynamics on the population HIV care cascade: results from the ANRS 12249 Treatment as Prevention trial in rural KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). J Int AIDS Soc. 2018 Jul;21 Suppl 4(Suppl Suppl 4):e25128. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25128.
citation: Iwuji C, McGrath N, Calmy A, Dabis F, Pillay D, Newell ML, Baisley K, Porter K. Universal test and treat is not associated with sub-optimal antiretroviral therapy adherence in rural South Africa: the ANRS 12249 TasP trial. J Int AIDS Soc. 2018 Jun;21(6):e25112. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25112.
citation: Iwuji CC, Orne-Gliemann J, Larmarange J, Balestre E, Thiebaut R, Tanser F, Okesola N, Makowa T, Dreyer J, Herbst K, McGrath N, Barnighausen T, Boyer S, De Oliveira T, Rekacewicz C, Bazin B, Newell ML, Pillay D, Dabis F; ANRS 12249 TasP Study Group. Universal test and treat and the HIV epidemic in rural South Africa: a phase 4, open-label, community cluster randomised trial. Lancet HIV. 2018 Mar;5(3):e116-e125. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(17)30205-9. Epub 2017 Nov 30.
citation: Collier D, Iwuji C, Derache A, de Oliveira T, Okesola N, Calmy A, Dabis F, Pillay D, Gupta RK; French National Agency for AIDS and Viral Hepatitis Research (ANRS) 12249 Treatment as Prevention (TasP) Study Group. Virological Outcomes of Second-line Protease Inhibitor-Based Treatment for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in a High-Prevalence Rural South African Setting: A Competing-Risks Prospective Cohort Analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Apr 15;64(8):1006-1016. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix015.
citation: Iwuji CC, Orne-Gliemann J, Larmarange J, Okesola N, Tanser F, Thiebaut R, Rekacewicz C, Newell ML, Dabis F; ANRS 12249 TasP trial group. Uptake of Home-Based HIV Testing, Linkage to Care, and Community Attitudes about ART in Rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Descriptive Results from the First Phase of the ANRS 12249 TasP Cluster-Randomised Trial. PLoS Med. 2016 Aug 9;13(8):e1002107. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002107. eCollection 2016 Aug.
citation: Orne-Gliemann J, Larmarange J, Boyer S, Iwuji C, McGrath N, Barnighausen T, Zuma T, Dray-Spira R, Spire B, Rochat T, Lert F, Imrie J; ANRS 12249 TasP Group. Addressing social issues in a universal HIV test and treat intervention trial (ANRS 12249 TasP) in South Africa: methods for appraisal. BMC Public Health. 2015 Mar 1;15:209. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1344-y.
citation: Iwuji CC, Orne-Gliemann J, Tanser F, Boyer S, Lessells RJ, Lert F, Imrie J, Barnighausen T, Rekacewicz C, Bazin B, Newell ML, Dabis F; ANRS 12249 TasP Study Group. Evaluation of the impact of immediate versus WHO recommendations-guided antiretroviral therapy initiation on HIV incidence: the ANRS 12249 TasP (Treatment as Prevention) trial in Hlabisa sub-district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2013 Jul 23;14:230. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-230.