Clinical trial NCT01581476: Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes Cardio-Renal Intervention Trial
Official title: Randomised, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Statins in the Prevention of Long Term Complications in Young People With Type 1 Diabetes
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: Type 1 Diabetes
Keywords: Adolescence
Lead sponsor: University of Cambridge
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation
name: Diabetes UK
name: British Heart Foundation
name: Pfizer
name: The University of Western Australia
name: The Hospital for Sick Children
name: University of Oxford
name: St Thomas' Hospital, London
First posted: 2012-04-20
Enrollment: 443
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 10
Maximum age (years): 16
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: FACTORIAL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether use of blood pressure lowering drugs, Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and blood fat (lipid) lowering drugs (statins) may have a place in the treatment of adolescents with diabetes and can help reduce serious long-term health problems in this population.

Detailed description: Subjects will be recruited from a pre-screened population of 3,000 young people with T1D aged 10 to 16 years based on assessment of risk for future CVD and DN.

They will be randomised to a 2 x 2 factorial design contrasting the effects of ACEI, statins, or combination therapy to placebo over a maximum four year treatment period. Minimisation of variation in albumin excretion rate, gender, age, diabetes duration, HbA1c, total cholesterol and centre site will be undertaken at randomisation.

Analysis of the primary endpoint, change in albumin excretion will be undertaken on an intention to treat basis. Secondary analyses will be undertaken on the basis of 'as treated' allowing for variance in compliance and allowing for subjects who show substantial change in HbA1c levels. Additional analyses will be undertaken to assess changes in the secondary objectives and to assess the overall effect of the intervention on quality of life and health economics.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 10 to 16 years.
2. T1D diagnosed for more than 1 year or C-peptide negative.
3. Centralised assessment of ACR based on six early morning urines deemed to be in upper tertile for risk after adjustment for age, gender, age at diagnosis and duration of disease.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Non T1D, i.e. type 2 diabetes, insulin dependent diabetes related to monogenic disease, secondary diabetes.
2. ACR based on six early morning urines deemed to be at low risk for subsequent development of CVD or DN.
3. Pregnancy or unwillingness to comply with contraceptive advice and regular pregnancy testing throughout the trial.
4. Breast feeding
5. Severe hyperlipidaemia and family history data to support diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia.
6. Established hypertension unrelated to DN.
7. Prior exposure to the investigational products, statins and ACEI.
8. Unwillingness/inability to comply with the study protocol.
9. Other co-morbidities considered unsuitable by the investigator (excluding treated hypothyroidism and coeliac disease).
10. Proliferative retinopathy.
11. Renal disease not associated with Type 1 Diabetes.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Albumin creatinine ratio
timeFrame: 2-4 years treatment duration
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Changes in CVD risk markers
timeFrame: 2-4 yrs treatment duration
measure: Changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
timeFrame: 2-4 years treatment duration
measure: Retinopathy
timeFrame: 2-4 years treatment duration
measure: Quality of Life and Health Economics
timeFrame: 2-4 years treatment duration
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Perth
country: Australia
facility: University of Western Australia
city: Toronto
country: Canada
facility: Hospital for Sick Children
state: Ontario
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Cambridge
name: David B Dunger, Professor
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Amin R, Widmer B, Prevost AT, Schwarze P, Cooper J, Edge J, Marcovecchio L, Neil A, Dalton RN, Dunger DB. Risk of microalbuminuria and progression to macroalbuminuria in a cohort with childhood onset type 1 diabetes: prospective observational study. BMJ. 2008 Mar 29;336(7646):697-701. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39478.378241.BE. Epub 2008 Mar 18.
citation: Dunger DB, Schwarze CP, Cooper JD, Widmer B, Neil HA, Shield J, Edge JA, Jones TW, Daneman D, Dalton RN. Can we identify adolescents at high risk for nephropathy before the development of microalbuminuria? Diabet Med. 2007 Feb;24(2):131-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.02047.x.
citation: Adolescent type 1 Diabetes cardio-renal Intervention Trial Research Group. Adolescent type 1 Diabetes Cardio-renal Intervention Trial (AdDIT). BMC Pediatr. 2009 Dec 17;9:79. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-9-79.
citation: Cherney DZ, Scholey JW, Daneman D, Dunger DB, Dalton RN, Moineddin R, Mahmud FH, Dekker R, Elia Y, Sochett E, Reich HN. Urinary markers of renal inflammation in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and normoalbuminuria. Diabet Med. 2012 Oct;29(10):1297-302. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03651.x.
citation: Chiesa ST, Marcovecchio ML, Benitez-Aguirre P, Cameron FJ, Craig ME, Couper JJ, Davis EA, Dalton RN, Daneman D, Donaghue KC, Jones TW, Mahmud FH, Marshall SM, Neil HAW, Dunger DB, Deanfield JE; Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes Cardio-Renal Intervention Trial (AdDIT) Study Group. Vascular Effects of ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) Inhibitors and Statins in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes. Hypertension. 2020 Dec;76(6):1734-1743. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15721. Epub 2020 Oct 26.
citation: Niechcial E, Acerini CL, Chiesa ST, Stevens T, Dalton RN, Daneman D, Deanfield JE, Jones TW, Mahmud FH, Marshall SM, Neil HAW, Dunger DB, Marcovecchio ML; Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes Cardio-Renal Intervention Trial (AdDIT) Study Group; Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes Cardio-renal Intervention Trial AdDIT Study Group. Medication Adherence During Adjunct Therapy With Statins and ACE Inhibitors in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2020 May;43(5):1070-1076. doi: 10.2337/dc19-0884. Epub 2020 Feb 27.
citation: Marcovecchio ML, Chiesa ST, Bond S, Daneman D, Dawson S, Donaghue KC, Jones TW, Mahmud FH, Marshall SM, Neil HAW, Dalton RN, Deanfield J, Dunger DB; AdDIT Study Group. ACE Inhibitors and Statins in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017 Nov 2;377(18):1733-1745. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1703518.
citation: Har RL, Reich HN, Scholey JW, Daneman D, Dunger DB, Moineddin R, Dalton RN, Motran L, Elia Y, Deda L, Ostrovsky M, Sochett EB, Mahmud FH, Cherney DZ. The urinary cytokine/chemokine signature of renal hyperfiltration in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. PLoS One. 2014 Nov 13;9(11):e111131. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111131. eCollection 2014.