Clinical trial NCT02480582: The Impact of Snacks Which Vary Nutritionally in Their Satiating Potential on Measures of Appetite Control
Official title: The Impact of Snacks Which Vary Nutritionally in Their Satiating Potential on Measures of Appetite Control
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Lack of Satiety
Hyperphagia
Lead sponsor: University of Leeds
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Almond Board of California
First posted: 2015-06-24
Enrollment: 42
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 55
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Primary purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE

Brief summary: The current study will examine the effect of almond consumption (0.9g/kg dose) compared to an energy and weight matched comparator food or no food on measures of appetite control including appetite sensations, energy intake and food hedonics.

Detailed description: Some individuals exhibit a weak satiety response to food and may be susceptible to overconsumption. Snack foods can be substantial contributors to daily energy intake, with different types of snacks exerting potentially different effects on satiety per calorie consumed. The current study will compare the effect of consuming different snack foods on measures of appetite control including appetite sensations, energy intake and food hedonics in women with a weak satiety response.

In a crossover design, female participants will consume three different mid-morning snacks: raw almonds, savoury crackers or water. Appetite sensations, energy intake, food reward and craving will be assessed under controlled laboratory conditions. Satiety responsiveness will be determined using the satiety quotient (SQ).

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants who have provided written informed consent.
* Healthy female participants aged 18-55 years.
* BMI of 18.5 - 30.0 kg/m2.
* Regular breakfast eaters.
* Not currently dieting to lose, gain or maintain weight.
* Non-smokers.
* Liking/acceptance of the study foods (≥4 on 7-point Likert scale).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Taking medication known to affect appetite within past month and/or during the study.
* Any known food allergies or food intolerances.
* Participants who do not regularly eat breakfast.
* Participants with low liking or acceptance of the study foods.
* Participants currently dieting to lose, gain or maintain weight.
* Reported history of or present eating disorder.
* BMI \<18.5 kg/m2 or \>30 kg/m2.
* Vegetarians.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Test Meal Energy Intake
timeFrame: 3 Weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Food Preference
timeFrame: 3 Weeks
measure: Appetite Sensations (Hunger)
timeFrame: 3 Weeks
measure: 24 Hour Energy Intake
timeFrame: 3 Weeks
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Leeds
name: Graham Finlayson, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Gibbons C, Caudwell P, Finlayson G, King N, Blundell J. Validation of a new hand-held electronic data capture method for continuous monitoring of subjective appetite sensations. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011 Jun 8;8:57. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-57.
citation: Finlayson G, King N, Blundell J. The role of implicit wanting in relation to explicit liking and wanting for food: implications for appetite control. Appetite. 2008 Jan;50(1):120-7. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2007.06.007. Epub 2007 Jun 28.
citation: Hollingworth S, Dalton M, Blundell JE, Finlayson G. Evaluation of the Influence of Raw Almonds on Appetite Control: Satiation, Satiety, Hedonics and Consumer Perceptions. Nutrients. 2019 Aug 30;11(9):2030. doi: 10.3390/nu11092030.