Clinical trial NCT00596050: Ketamine Versus Etomidate for Procedural Sedation for Pediatric Orthopedic Reductions
Official title: Ketamine Versus Etomidate for Procedural Sedation for Pediatric Orthopedic Reductions
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE4
Conditions: Conscious Sedation Failure During Procedure
Keywords: procedural sedation
fracture reduction
pediatric emergency medicine
etomidate
ketamine
analgesia
Lead sponsor: Drexel University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2008-01-16
Enrollment: 50
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 5
Maximum age (years): 18
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: There are multiple retrospective studies detailing the use of etomidate in pediatric procedural sedation but few to no prospective clinical trials. None have compared etomidate to ketamine, currently the most commonly used sedative in the emergency department for pediatric procedural sedation. The investigators propose a randomized, controlled trial comparing etomidate versus ketamine for procedural sedation for fracture reduction for children presenting with extremity fracture requiring sedation for reduction. The investigators hypothesize that etomidate in combination with fentanyl will have similar reduction of distress and procedural recall as ketamine in combination with midazolam.

Detailed description: There are multiple retrospective studies detailing the use of etomidate in pediatric procedural sedation but few to no prospective clinical trials. None have compared etomidate to ketamine, currently the most commonly used sedative in the emergency department for pediatric procedural sedation. The investigators propose a randomized, controlled trial comparing etomidate versus ketamine for procedural sedation for fracture reduction for children presenting with extremity fracture requiring sedation for reduction. The investigators hypothesize that etomidate in combination with fentanyl will have similar reduction of distress and procedural recall as ketamine in combination with midazolam.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* age 5-18 years
* extremity fracture requiring reduction with sedation in emergency department

Exclusion Criteria:

* allergy to etomidate, midazolam, fentanyl, ketamine, lidocaine
* multi-system trauma
* history of psychosis
* pregnancy
* illicit drug use
* developmental delay
* non-english speaker

Primary outcomes:
measure: OSBD-r
timeFrame: immediate
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Likert satisfaction scale
timeFrame: immediate
measure: procedural recall
timeFrame: immediate
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Philadelphia
country: United States
facility: St. Christopher's Hospital for Children
state: Pennsylvania
Study officials:
affiliation: Drexel University College of Medicine
name: Jannet J Lee-Jayaram, M.D.
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Bahn EL, Holt KR. Procedural sedation and analgesia: a review and new concepts. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2005 May;23(2):503-17. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2004.12.013.
citation: Kennedy RM, Porter FL, Miller JP, Jaffe DM. Comparison of fentanyl/midazolam with ketamine/midazolam for pediatric orthopedic emergencies. Pediatrics. 1998 Oct;102(4 Pt 1):956-63. doi: 10.1542/peds.102.4.956.
citation: Acworth JP, Purdie D, Clark RC. Intravenous ketamine plus midazolam is superior to intranasal midazolam for emergency paediatric procedural sedation. Emerg Med J. 2001 Jan;18(1):39-45. doi: 10.1136/emj.18.1.39.
citation: Gerardi MJ, Sacchetti AD, Cantor RM, Santamaria JP, Gausche M, Lucid W, Foltin GL. Rapid-sequence intubation of the pediatric patient. Pediatric Emergency Medicine Committee of the American College of Emergency Physicians. Ann Emerg Med. 1996 Jul;28(1):55-74. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(96)70140-3.
citation: Ruth WJ, Burton JH, Bock AJ. Intravenous etomidate for procedural sedation in emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med. 2001 Jan;8(1):13-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb00539.x.
citation: Vinson DR, Bradbury DR. Etomidate for procedural sedation in emergency medicine. Ann Emerg Med. 2002 Jun;39(6):592-8. doi: 10.1067/mem.2002.123695.
citation: Dickinson R, Singer AJ, Carrion W. Etomidate for pediatric sedation prior to fracture reduction. Acad Emerg Med. 2001 Jan;8(1):74-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb00558.x.
citation: Schenarts CL, Burton JH, Riker RR. Adrenocortical dysfunction following etomidate induction in emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med. 2001 Jan;8(1):1-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb00537.x.
citation: Godambe SA, Elliot V, Matheny D, Pershad J. Comparison of propofol/fentanyl versus ketamine/midazolam for brief orthopedic procedural sedation in a pediatric emergency department. Pediatrics. 2003 Jul;112(1 Pt 1):116-23. doi: 10.1542/peds.112.1.116.
citation: Scott J, Huskisson EC. Graphic representation of pain. Pain. 1976 Jun;2(2):175-84. No abstract available.
citation: Keim SM, Erstad BL, Sakles JC, Davis V. Etomidate for procedural sedation in the emergency department. Pharmacotherapy. 2002 May;22(5):586-92. doi: 10.1592/phco.22.8.586.33204.
citation: Mace SE, Barata IA, Cravero JP, Dalsey WC, Godwin SA, Kennedy RM, Malley KC, Moss RL, Sacchetti AD, Warden CR, Wears RL; American College of Emergency Physicians. Clinical policy: evidence-based approach to pharmacologic agents used in pediatric sedation and analgesia in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2004 Oct;44(4):342-77. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.04.012. No abstract available.
citation: Jay SM, Ozolins M, Elliott C, Caldwell S. Assessment of children's distress during painful medical procedures. J Health Psycho. 1983; 2: 133-147