Clinical trial NCT03894527: Impact of Acute Exercise on Vascular Insulin Sensitivity in Metabolic Syndrome
Official title: Impact of Acute Exercise on Vascular Insulin Sensitivity in Metabolic Syndrome
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: NA
Conditions: Metabolic Syndrome
Obesity
Keywords: Acute Exercise
Endothelial Function
Simple Obesity
Metabolic Syndrome
Lead sponsor: University of Virginia
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: American College of Sports Medicine
First posted: 2019-03-28
Enrollment: 16
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 40
Maximum age (years): 70
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: Obesity is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The increased prevalence of obesity worldwide is a major concern among the scientific and medical communities. Insulin resistance is a common factor associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Individuals affected by these conditions often experience endothelial dysfunction as well. Insulin resistance provides a key link between metabolic syndrome risk factors and vascular disease. Development of strategies aimed at preventing vascular dysfunction and future disease caused by metabolic disturbances is needed. Although the relationship between obesity and various diseases is well known, the acute effects of insulin on vascular function in obese individuals have yet to be fully determined. Additionally, the effects of acute exercise on insulin-stimulated endothelial function are unknown. Exercise may be an effective and potent treatment that protects against endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and future cardiometabolic disease commonly present with obesity. However, less attention has been placed on vascular insulin sensitivity. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that a single bout of exercise increases insulin-stimulated blood flow at the macro- and micro-vasculature level in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome to similar levels as healthy obese control. Our laboratory has available non-invasive methods to quantify vascular function and the gold-standard technique for assessing insulin sensitivity (euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp). The investigators will assess vascular function (flow-mediated dilation, post-ischemic flow velocity and contrast-enhanced ultrasound) as well as arterial stiffness (augmentation index and pulse wave velocity) before and at the end of the clamp protocol performed the morning following a bout of exercise and a control (no-exercise) condition in 1) metabolic syndrome and 2) obese adults. If our hypothesis is sustained, it will suggest that a key role of the vasculature exists in regulating insulin following exercise and will provide insight into the link between the vasculature, obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease and may confer decreased risk for cardiometabolic disease.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Males and females, ages 40-70 years
* Never diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease
* Not currently engaged in \> 60 min/wk of exercise
* Inclusion criteria specific to health obese vs. metabolic syndrome potential participants:

  * Healthy Obese: (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 but ≤ 45 kg/m2) and no other metabolic syndrome risk factors, excluding waist circumference.
  * Metabolic Syndrome: (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 but ≤ 45 kg/m2) and must meet at least 3 out of 5 National Cholesterol Education Adult Treatment Panel III Metabolic Syndrome Criteria:

Increased waist circumference (≥102 cm in men; ≥88 cm in women) Elevated triglycerides (≥150 mg/dl) or currently taking medication (Rx) Reduced HDL-cholesterol (\<40mg/dl in men, \<50 mg/dl in women) or currently taking medication (Rx) High blood pressure (≥130 mmHg systolic or ≥85mmHg diastolic) or currently taking medication (Rx) Elevated fasting glucose (≥100 mg/dl)

Subject may participate if on the following drugs:

* Diuretics, ace-inhibitors and ARBs for treatment of hypertension
* Statins

Exclusion Criteria:

* Morbidly obese patients (BMI \>45 kg/m2) and overweight/lean patients (BMI \<30 kg/m2).
* Subjects who have not been weight stable (\>2kg weight change in past 3 months).
* Currently participating in a regular exercise training program ( \>30 min. of physical activity per day, \>2 days/week)
* Medication or food supplement that is known to affect insulin sensitivity or endothelial function (TZDs, sulfonylureas, biguanides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, beta-blockers, alpha-blockers, fibrates, glucocorticoids, fish oil, allopurinol)
* Subjects with abnormal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
* Hypertriglyceridemic (\>400 mg/dl) subjects.
* Hypertensive (\>160/100 mmHg)
* Subjects taking vasoactive medications also known to affect heart rate and rhythm (i.e. Ca++ channel blockers, nitrates, alpha- or beta-blockers).
* Subjects with a history of significant metabolic, cardiac, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular, hematological, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, liver, renal, or endocrine disease or cancer that in the investigator's opinion would interfere with or alter the outcome measures, or impact subject safety.
* Smoking presently or in the past 1 year.
* HbA1c ≥ 6.5
* Subjects currently taking Metformin or any active weight suppression medication (e.g. phentermine, orlistat, lorcaserin, naltrexone-bupropion in combination, liraglutide, benzphetamine, diethylpropion, phendimetrazine)
* Pregnant (as evidenced by positive pregnancy test) or breastfeeding
* Subjects with contraindications to participation in an exercise program
* Known hypersensitivity to perflutren (contained in Definity)

Primary outcomes:
measure: Effect of single bout of exercise on FMD
timeFrame: Baseline clamp study
measure: Effect of single bout of exercise on CEU
timeFrame: Baseline Clamp Study
measure: Comparison of insulin stimulated FMD response
timeFrame: Through study completion, up to about 4 weeks
measure: Comparison of insulin stimulated CEU response
timeFrame: Through study completion, up to about 4 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Systemic Arterial stiffness
timeFrame: Through study completion, up to about 4 weeks
measure: Central Arterial Stiffness
timeFrame: Through study completion, up to about 4 weeks
measure: Metabolic Flexibility
timeFrame: Through study completion, up to about 4 weeks
measure: Fasting glucose
timeFrame: Through study completion, up to about 4 weeks
measure: Fasting insulin
timeFrame: Through study completion, up to about 4 weeks
measure: Free Fatty Acids
timeFrame: Through study completion, up to about 4 weeks
measure: Adiponectin
timeFrame: Through study completion, up to about 4 weeks
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Charlottesville
country: United States
facility: University of Virginia
state: Virginia
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Virginia
name: Steve Malin, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
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