Clinical trial NCT06951308: Efficacy of Carbohydrate Loading in Diabetic Type 2 Patients Undergoing CABG Surgery on CPB
Official title: Efficacy of Carbohydrate Loading in Diabetic Type 2 Patients Undergoing CABG Surgery on CPB
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: NA
Conditions: Heart Surgery
Ischemic Heart Disease
Keywords: Enhanced recovery program
carbohydrate loading
coronary artery bypass grafting
heart surgery
postoperative recovery
Lead sponsor: Damascus University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2025-04-30
Enrollment: 50
Sex: ALL
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Brief summary: Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols aim to optimize perioperative care and improve surgical outcomes. Preoperative carbohydrate loading has demonstrated benefits in reducing insulin resistance and improving patient outcomes. While non-diabetic patients benefit from this approach, its efficacy in diabetic type 2 patients undergoing CABG remains less understood. This study aims to address this gab by evaluating the physiological and clinical outcomes for carbohydrate loading in this specific population.

Detailed description: A randomized controlled trial comparing diabetic type 2 patients receiving carbohydrate loading with those undergoing traditional fasting protocols. Patients will be randomized to two groups; group (a) patients will have carbohydrate loading 2 hours before the surgery (400 ml of 12.5 maltodextrin and 400 ml of over-the-counter fruit-based lemonade), while group (b) patients (control group) will have standard fasting protocol 8 hours before surgery.

Aims of the study:

1. To assess the efficacy of carbohydrate loading in reducing insulin resistance in diabetic type 2 patients undergoing CABG surgeries.
2. To monitor clinical outcomes such as infection rates, ICU stay duration, and need for inotropic and vasoactive drugs.
3. To evaluate changes in inflammatory markers including CRP levels. clinical outcome

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

All diabetic type 2 patients undergoing isolated on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Missing data.
* Patients outside the study period.
* Patients undergoing other cardiac surgeries.
* Patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Short Insulin Tolerance Test (KITT)
timeFrame: Preoperatively and up to 72 hours postoperatively
Secondary outcomes:
measure: CRP levels
timeFrame: Preoperatively and up to 72 hours postoperatively
measure: Arterial blood gases
timeFrame: Preoperatively and up to 72 hours postoperatively
measure: Operative time
timeFrame: Intraoperatively, skin-to-skin
measure: CPB duration
timeFrame: Intraoperatively, using extracorporeal circulation
measure: Blood loss
timeFrame: Intraoperatively and up to 72 hours postoperatively
measure: Number of grafts performed
timeFrame: Intraoperatively, skin-to-skin
measure: Use of inotrops
timeFrame: Intraoperatively and up to 72 hours postoperatively
measure: Complications
timeFrame: Intraoperatively and up to 72 hours postoperatively
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Damascus
country: Syrian Arab Republic
facility: Damascus University Cardiac Surgery Hospital
Study officials:
affiliation: Damascus University
name: Mohammad B Izzat, FRCS(CTh)
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
citation: Dock-Nascimento DB, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Magalhaes Faria MS, Caporossi C, Slhessarenko N, Waitzberg DL. Evaluation of the effects of a preoperative 2-hour fast with maltodextrine and glutamine on insulin resistance, acute-phase response, nitrogen balance, and serum glutathione after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a controlled randomized trial. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012 Jan;36(1):43-52. doi: 10.1177/0148607111422719.
citation: Vermeulen MA, Richir MC, Garretsen MK, van Schie A, Ghatei MA, Holst JJ, Heijboer AC, Uitdehaag BM, Diamant M, Eekhoff EM, van Leeuwen PA, Ligthart-Melis GC. Gastric emptying, glucose metabolism and gut hormones: evaluation of a common preoperative carbohydrate beverage. Nutrition. 2011 Sep;27(9):897-903. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.10.001. Epub 2011 Jan 21.
citation: Weimann A, Braga M, Carli F, Higashiguchi T, Hubner M, Klek S, Laviano A, Ljungqvist O, Lobo DN, Martindale R, Waitzberg DL, Bischoff SC, Singer P. ESPEN guideline: Clinical nutrition in surgery. Clin Nutr. 2017 Jun;36(3):623-650. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.02.013. Epub 2017 Mar 7.
citation: Breuer JP, von Dossow V, von Heymann C, Griesbach M, von Schickfus M, Mackh E, Hacker C, Elgeti U, Konertz W, Wernecke KD, Spies CD. Preoperative oral carbohydrate administration to ASA III-IV patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg. 2006 Nov;103(5):1099-108. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000237415.18715.1d.
citation: Amer MA, Smith MD, Herbison GP, Plank LD, McCall JL. Network meta-analysis of the effect of preoperative carbohydrate loading on recovery after elective surgery. Br J Surg. 2017 Feb;104(3):187-197. doi: 10.1002/bjs.10408. Epub 2016 Dec 21.
citation: Sokolic J, Knezevic D, Kuharic J, Medved I, Sustic A, Zupan Z, Laskarin G, Tadin T, Sotosek Tokmadzic V. Decrease of Perforin Expressing Lymphocytes after On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery Irrespective of Carbohydrate Preoperative Oral Feeding. Heart Surg Forum. 2019 May 22;22(3):E218-E224. doi: 10.1532/hsf.2003.
citation: Lee B, Soh S, Shim JK, Kim HY, Lee H, Kwak YL. Evaluation of preoperative oral carbohydrate administration on insulin resistance in off-pump coronary artery bypass patients: A randomised trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2017 Nov;34(11):740-747. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000637.
citation: Rapp-Kesek D, Stridsberg M, Andersson LG, Berne C, Karlsson T. Insulin resistance after cardiopulmonary bypass in the elderly patient. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2007 Apr;41(2):102-8. doi: 10.1080/14017430601050355.
citation: Jarvela K, Maaranen P, Sisto T. Pre-operative oral carbohydrate treatment before coronary artery bypass surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2008 Jul;52(6):793-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2008.01660.x. Epub 2008 May 12.
citation: Feguri GR, Lima PR, Lopes AM, Roledo A, Marchese M, Trevisan M, Ahmad H, Freitas BB, Aguilar-Nascimento JE. Clinical and metabolic results of fasting abbreviation with carbohydrates in coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc. 2012 Jan-Mar;27(1):7-17. doi: 10.5935/1678-9741.20120004. English, Portuguese.
citation: Feguri GR, Lima PRL, Franco AC, Cruz FRH, Borges DC, Toledo LR, Segri NJ, Aguilar-Nascimento JE. Benefits of Fasting Abbreviation with Carbohydrates and Omega-3 Infusion During CABG: a Double-Blind Controlled Randomized Trial. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg. 2019 Mar-Apr;34(2):125-135. doi: 10.21470/1678-9741-2018-0336.
citation: Feguri GR, de Lima PRL, de Cerqueira Borges D, Toledo LR, Batista LN, E Silva TC, Segri NJ, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE. Preoperative carbohydrate load and intraoperatively infused omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids positively impact nosocomial morbidity after coronary artery bypass grafting: a double-blind controlled randomized trial. Nutr J. 2017 Apr 20;16(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s12937-017-0245-6.
citation: Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997 Sep 13;315(7109):629-34. doi: 10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629.
citation: DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986 Sep;7(3):177-88. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2.
citation: Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gotzsche PC, Juni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, Savovic J, Schulz KF, Weeks L, Sterne JA; Cochrane Bias Methods Group; Cochrane Statistical Methods Group. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2011 Oct 18;343:d5928. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d5928.
citation: Savluk OF, Kuscu MA, Guzelmeric F, Gurcu ME, Erkilinc A, Cevirme D, Ogus H, Kocak T. Do preoperative oral carbohydrates improve postoperative outcomesin patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafts? Turk J Med Sci. 2017 Dec 19;47(6):1681-1686. doi: 10.3906/sag-1703-19.
citation: Kotfis K, Jamiol-Milc D, Skonieczna-Zydecka K, Folwarski M, Stachowska E. The Effect of Preoperative Carbohydrate Loading on Clinical and Biochemical Outcomes after Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Nutrients. 2020 Oct 12;12(10):3105. doi: 10.3390/nu12103105.
citation: Tran S, Wolever TM, Errett LE, Ahn H, Mazer CD, Keith M. Preoperative carbohydrate loading in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass or spinal surgery. Anesth Analg. 2013 Aug;117(2):305-13. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e318295e8d1. Epub 2013 Jun 11.
citation: Soop M, Nygren J, Thorell A, Weidenhielm L, Lundberg M, Hammarqvist F, Ljungqvist O. Preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment attenuates endogenous glucose release 3 days after surgery. Clin Nutr. 2004 Aug;23(4):733-41. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2003.12.007.
citation: Braga M, Bissolati M, Rocchetti S, Beneduce A, Pecorelli N, Di Carlo V. Oral preoperative antioxidants in pancreatic surgery: a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial. Nutrition. 2012 Feb;28(2):160-4. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.05.014. Epub 2011 Sep 3.