Clinical trial NCT03936595: Recovery of Performance, Muscle Damage and Neuromuscular Fatigue Following Muscle Power Training
Official title: Investigation on the Recovery Kinetics of Performance, Muscle Damage and Neuromuscular Fatigue Indicators, Following Different Protocols for Muscle Power Development
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: TERMINATED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Power Training Exercise Protocols
Lead sponsor: University of Thessaly
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2019-05-03
Enrollment: 10
Sex: MALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 35
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Intervention model description: Each participant will perform in a random order all four different experimental conditions
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Muscle power is one of the most important parameters in almost every athletic action, and expresses the ability of the human muscle to produce great amounts of force with the greatest possible speed. Thus, muscle power is critical for high performance in athletic actions such as jumping, throwing, change of direction and sprinting. For enhancing their muscle power, athletes comprise several resistance training programs as part of their training. Muscle power training comprises of eccentric muscle actions, and the magnitude of these actions depend on the emphasis that is given on the concentric or eccentric action, respectively, of the muscles during the exercises. However, eccentric muscle action, especially when unaccustomed, can lead to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), and deterioration of muscle performance.

Despite the fact that muscle power training comprises eccentric muscle actions, and consequently can lead to muscle injury and muscle performance reduction during the following days, the recovery kinetics after acute muscle power training have not been adequately studied. However, information regarding the recovery of the muscles after a power training protocol, is critical for the correct design of a training microcycle, and the reduction of injury risk.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the muscle injury provoked after acute muscle power training using three different power training exercise protocols. Additionally, we will examine the effect of these protocols on muscle performance and neuromuscular fatigue indices.

Detailed description: Muscle power is one of the most important parameters in almost every athletic action, and expresses the ability of the human muscle to produce great amounts of force with the greatest possible speed. Thus, muscle power is critical for high performance in athletic actions such as jumping, throwing, change of direction and sprinting.

For enhancing their muscle power, athletes comprise several resistance training programs as part of their training. Core exercises as long as Olympic lifting has been used in muscle power training. The loads that are applied regarding the accomplishment of the most favorable power production are varying. Training load of 0% 1RM favored power production at the countermovement squat jump, while loads of 56% 1rm and 80% 1RM, favored the power production at squat and hang clean, respectively. Additionally, In the recent years, accentuated eccentric training has been proposed as a new training method for the enhancement of muscle power. This method emphasizes the eccentric component of the muscle contraction, and there is evidence supporting the greater production of muscle force after accentuated eccentric training compared with the typical resistance exercise training method.

Taking the above into consideration, muscle power training comprises of eccentric muscle actions, and the magnitude of the eccentric component depends on the emphasis that is given on the concentric or eccentric action, respectively, of the muscles during the exercises. However, eccentric muscle action, especially when unaccustomed, can lead to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Although concentric and isometric exercise may also lead to muscle injury, the amount of damage after eccentric muscle contractions is greater. EIMD, amongst others, is accompanied by increased levels of creatine kinase (CK) into the circulation, increased delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), reduction of force production, reduction of flexibility speed.

Despite the fact that muscle power training comprises eccentric muscle actions, and consequently can lead to muscle injury and muscle performance reduction during the following days, the recovery kinetics after acute muscle power training protocols have not been adequately studied. However, information regarding the recovery of the muscles after a power training protocol, is critical for the correct design of a training microcycle, and the reduction of injury risk.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the muscle injury provoked after muscle acute power training using three different power training exercise protocols. Additionally, the effect of these protocols on muscle performance and neuromuscular fatigue indices will be examined.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* No recent history of musculoskeletal injury
* No use of ergogenic supplements and drugs
* No use of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant supplements (\> 6 months)
* No participation at intense eccentric exercise for at least 3 days before protocols

Exclusion Criteria:

* Recent history of musculoskeletal injury
* Use of ergogenic supplements and drugs
* Use of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant supplements (\< 6 months)
* Participation at intense eccentric exercise for at least 3 days before protocols

Primary outcomes:
measure: Change on delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), in the knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE) of both limbs
timeFrame: Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol
measure: Change on countermovement jump (CMJ) height
timeFrame: Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol
measure: Change on isometric peak torque of the knee extensors (KE)
timeFrame: Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol
measure: Change on isometric peak torque of the knee flexors (KF)
timeFrame: Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol
measure: Change on concentric isokinetic peak torque of the knee extensors (KE)
timeFrame: Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol
measure: Change on concentric isokinetic peak torque of the knee flexors (KF)
timeFrame: Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol
measure: Change one eccentric isokinetic peak torque of the knee extensors (KE)
timeFrame: Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol
measure: Change on eccentric isokinetic peak torque of the knee flexors (KF)
timeFrame: Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol
measure: Change on the concentration of plasma CK activity
timeFrame: Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol
measure: Change on the concentration of blood lactate
timeFrame: Prior to, and immediately after the end of the experimental protocol
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Trikala
country: Greece
facility: Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Exercise Physiology,and Sports Nutrition, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly
state: Thessaly
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Thessaly
name: Ioannis G Fatouros, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Cormie P, McCaulley GO, Triplett NT, McBride JM. Optimal loading for maximal power output during lower-body resistance exercises. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Feb;39(2):340-9. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000246993.71599.bf.
citation: Baird MF, Graham SM, Baker JS, Bickerstaff GF. Creatine-kinase- and exercise-related muscle damage implications for muscle performance and recovery. J Nutr Metab. 2012;2012:960363. doi: 10.1155/2012/960363. Epub 2012 Jan 11.
citation: Deli CK, Fatouros IG, Paschalis V, Georgakouli K, Zalavras A, Avloniti A, Koutedakis Y, Jamurtas AZ. A Comparison of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Following Maximal Eccentric Contractions in Men and Boys. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2017 Aug;29(3):316-325. doi: 10.1123/pes.2016-0185. Epub 2017 Feb 6.
citation: Jamurtas AZ, Theocharis V, Tofas T, Tsiokanos A, Yfanti C, Paschalis V, Koutedakis Y, Nosaka K. Comparison between leg and arm eccentric exercises of the same relative intensity on indices of muscle damage. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2005 Oct;95(2-3):179-85. doi: 10.1007/s00421-005-1345-0. Epub 2005 Jul 9.
citation: Kyrolainen H, Avela J, McBride JM, Koskinen S, Andersen JL, Sipila S, Takala TE, Komi PV. Effects of power training on muscle structure and neuromuscular performance. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2005 Feb;15(1):58-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004.00390.x.
citation: Walker S, Blazevich AJ, Haff GG, Tufano JJ, Newton RU, Hakkinen K. Greater Strength Gains after Training with Accentuated Eccentric than Traditional Isoinertial Loads in Already Strength-Trained Men. Front Physiol. 2016 Apr 27;7:149. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00149. eCollection 2016.