Clinical trial NCT00000838: Antiviral Activity of and Resistance to Lamivudine in Combination With Zidovudine, Stavudine, or Didanosine
Official title: A Phase II, Randomized Study of the Antiviral Activity and Resistance Interactions of Lamivudine (3TC) in Combination With Zidovudine (AZT), Stavudine (d4T), or Didanosine (ddI) Versus Monotherapy With ddI or d4T in HIV-Infected Individuals With 200 - 600 CD4+ Cells/mm3 and No Previous Nucleoside Experience
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: HIV Infections
Keywords: Didanosine
Drug Therapy, Combination
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
AIDS-Related Complex
Antiviral Agents
Zidovudine
Stavudine
Lamivudine
Lead sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Sponsor class: NIH
First posted: 2001-08-31
Enrollment: 256
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 12
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of lamivudine (3TC) combined with zidovudine (AZT), stavudine (d4T), or didanosine (ddI) in comparison with d4T or ddI monotherapy in HIV-infected patients with no prior nucleoside therapy.

3TC may be uniquely effective in combination with AZT due to the interaction of AZT and 3TC resistance mutations. One explanation is that the M184V mutation, which confers resistance to 3TC, suppresses AZT resistance. This benefit of 3TC may not extend to combination therapy with other nucleoside analogs.

Detailed description: 3TC may be uniquely effective in combination with AZT due to the interaction of AZT and 3TC resistance mutations. One explanation is that the M184V mutation, which confers resistance to 3TC, suppresses AZT resistance. This benefit of 3TC may not extend to combination therapy with other nucleoside analogs.

Patients are randomized to either a ddI limb or d4T limb, then randomized a second time to one of six treatment arms, as follows: ddI alone, d4T alone, 3TC/AZT (on both ddI and d4T limbs), 3TC/ddI, and 3TC/d4T. Treatment is given for 48 weeks. At study week 24, patients on monotherapy will have 3TC added to their regimen (in a blinded fashion).

PER AMENDMENT 10/18/96: A treatment extension phase has been added to the study design in order to allow subjects who complete 48 weeks of therapy to remain on their same blinded treatment until approximately 2 months after the last enrolled subject completes 48 weeks on the study.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria

Concurrent Medication:

Allowed:

* PCP prophylaxis.

Patients must have:

* HIV infection.
* CD4 count 200 - 600 cells/mm3.
* Life expectancy of at least 24 weeks.
* Consent of parent or guardian if less than 18 years old.

Exclusion Criteria

Co-existing Condition:

Patients with the following symptoms or conditions are excluded:

* Unexplained temperature \>= 38.5 C for 7 consecutive days within 30 days prior to study entry.

PER AMENDMENT 1/25/96:

* A malignancy that requires systemic chemotherapies other than Kaposi's sarcoma.

Concurrent Medication:

Excluded:

* Concurrent other antiretroviral or immunologic agents.
* Other experimental therapies.
* Systemic corticosteroids (except as adjuvant therapy for acute PCP) and other immunosuppressive drugs.
* Systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy.
* Induction or maintenance with foscarnet or ganciclovir (oral or IV).

Patients with the following prior conditions are excluded:

* History of acute or chronic pancreatitis.
* History of grade 2 or higher peripheral neuropathy.

Prior Medication:

Excluded:

* Antiretrovirals within 90 days prior to study entry.
* More than 7 days total lifetime use of any antiretroviral nucleoside.

Primary outcomes:
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Birmingham
country: United States
facility: Alabama Therapeutics CRS
state: Alabama
city: Los Angeles
country: United States
facility: UCLA CARE Center CRS
state: California
city: Palo Alto
country: United States
facility: Stanford CRS
state: California
city: San Diego
country: United States
facility: Ucsd, Avrc Crs
state: California
city: San Jose
country: United States
facility: Santa Clara Valley Med. Ctr.
state: California
city: San Mateo
country: United States
facility: San Mateo County AIDS Program
state: California
city: Aurora
country: United States
facility: University of Colorado Hospital CRS
state: Colorado
city: Miami
country: United States
facility: Univ. of Miami AIDS CRS
state: Florida
city: Honolulu
country: United States
facility: Queens Med. Ctr.
state: Hawaii
city: Honolulu
country: United States
facility: Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Leahi Hosp.
state: Hawaii
city: Chicago
country: United States
facility: Cook County Hosp. CORE Ctr.
state: Illinois
city: Chicago
country: United States
facility: Rush Univ. Med. Ctr. ACTG CRS
state: Illinois
city: Chicago
country: United States
facility: Weiss Memorial Hosp.
state: Illinois
city: Chicago
country: United States
facility: Northwestern University CRS
state: Illinois
city: Indianapolis
country: United States
facility: Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Clinic
state: Indiana
city: Indianapolis
country: United States
facility: Methodist Hosp. of Indiana
state: Indiana
city: Baltimore
country: United States
facility: Johns Hopkins Adult AIDS CRS
state: Maryland
city: Boston
country: United States
facility: Beth Israel Deaconess Med. Ctr., ACTG CRS
state: Massachusetts
city: Saint Louis
country: United States
facility: St. Louis ConnectCare, Infectious Diseases Clinic
state: Missouri
city: Saint Louis
country: United States
facility: Washington U CRS
state: Missouri
city: Buffalo
country: United States
facility: SUNY - Buffalo, Erie County Medical Ctr.
state: New York
city: New York
country: United States
facility: Beth Israel Med. Ctr. (Mt. Sinai)
state: New York
city: New York
country: United States
facility: NYU Med. Ctr., Dept. of Medicine
state: New York
city: Rochester
country: United States
facility: Univ. of Rochester ACTG CRS
state: New York
city: Chapel Hill
country: United States
facility: Unc Aids Crs
state: North Carolina
city: Charlotte
country: United States
facility: Carolinas HealthCare System, Carolinas Med. Ctr.
state: North Carolina
city: Greensboro
country: United States
facility: Regional Center for Infectious Disease, Wendover Medical Center CRS
state: North Carolina
city: Cleveland
country: United States
facility: MetroHealth CRS
state: Ohio
city: Columbus
country: United States
facility: The Ohio State University Medical Center
state: Ohio
city: Philadelphia
country: United States
facility: Hosp. of the Univ. of Pennsylvania CRS
state: Pennsylvania
city: Seattle
country: United States
facility: University of Washington AIDS CRS
state: Washington
city: San Juan
country: Puerto Rico
facility: Puerto Rico-AIDS CRS
Study officials:
name: Kuritzkes D
role: STUDY_CHAIR
name: Johnson V
role: STUDY_CHAIR
References:
citation: Marschner I, Betensky RA, Degruttola V, Kuritzkes DR. Biases in the assessment of viral load reduction in HIV clinical trials. Int Conf AIDS. 1998;12:802 (abstract no 42149)
citation: Hill A, Demasi R, Kuhn M. Different analyses give highly variable estimates of HIV-1 RNA undetectability and log reduction in clinical trials. Int Conf AIDS. 1998;12:813-4 (abstract no 42204)
citation: Kuritzkes DR, Marschner IC, Johnson VA, Bassett RL, Eron JJ, Fischl MA, Boone G, Skovronski J, Wood K, Bell DL, Pettinelli CB, Sommadossi JP. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of lamivudine (3TC) in combination with zidovudine (ZDV), stavudine (d4T), or didanosine (ddI) in treatment naive patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect. 1998 Feb 1-5;5th:79 (abstract no 1)
citation: Kuritzkes DR, Marschner I, Johnson VA, Bassett R, Eron JJ, Fischl MA, Murphy RL, Fife K, Maenza J, Rosandich ME, Bell D, Wood K, Sommadossi JP, Pettinelli C. Lamivudine in combination with zidovudine, stavudine, or didanosine in patients with HIV-1 infection. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 306 Investigators. AIDS. 1999 Apr 16;13(6):685-94. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199904160-00009.
citation: Kuritzkes DR, Bassett RL, Hazelwood JD, Barrett H, Rhodes RA, Young RK, Johnson VA; Adult ACTG Protocol 306 370 Teams. Rate of thymidine analogue resistance mutation accumulation with zidovudine- or stavudine-based regimens. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 May 1;36(1):600-3. doi: 10.1097/00126334-200405010-00008.
citation: Fisher M. Nucleoside combinations for antiretroviral therapy: efficacy of stavudine in combination with either didanosine or lamivudine. AIDS. 1998;12 Suppl 3:S9-16.