Clinical trial NCT05671003: Oral Processing and Appetite in Older Adults
Official title: The Effect of Dentition, Eating Rate, Oral Processing, and Gastric Emptying on Appetite and Satiety in Older Adults (≥65 Years of Age)
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Older Adults
Appetitive Behaviour
Food Intake
Oral Processing
Keywords: older adults
appetite
oral processing
food intake
chewing
salivary flow
gastric emptying
Lead sponsor: University of Reading
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: University of Bern
name: Wageningen University
name: Queen's University, Belfast
First posted: 2023-01-04
Enrollment: 88
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 65
Standard ages: OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: CROSS_SECTIONAL
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Healthy adults aged 65 years old or older

Brief summary: The goal of this observational study is to learn about changes in oral processing and appetite in older adults aged 65+ years old. The main question it aims to answer is if oral processing affects gastric emptying in older adults (≥65 years old).

Detailed description: * To investigate if food intake and satiety differ between faster and slower eaters, within older adults (≥65 years old).
* To assess if chewing rate, salivary flow rate, oral processing and gastric emptying differ between older adults (≥65 years old) with smaller versus bigger appetites.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* 65 years old or over (no upper age limit);each group will contain an equal number of male and female participants;
* living sufficiently local to attend the two visits needed;
* able to understand and communicate in English language.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosed dysphagia;
* (recent) oral surgery that significantly affects eating and/or swallowing;
* diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes;
* participant undergoing current treatment for cancer;
* participants with zero natural teeth;
* severe loss of appetite and not able to finish a meal (based on CNAQ) and/or people on special or therapeutic diets that restrict the consumption of a full meal and/or the meals provided;
* not able to provide informed consent as defined by the T-CogS test (participants with T-CogS \< 22 will be excluded);
* participants having a pacemaker;
* not able to accept the two meal dishes provided and/or relevant food/ingredient included in the meals allergies or intolerances or aversions;
* not able to feed themselves.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Objective appetite assessment: Ad-libitum meal consumption
timeFrame: During the procedure
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Subjective appetite assessment: VAS
timeFrame: During the procedure
measure: Gastric Emptying
timeFrame: During the procedure
measure: Chewing rate
timeFrame: During the procedure
measure: Salivary flow rate
timeFrame: During the procedure
measure: BMI
timeFrame: During the procedure
measure: Oral Health
timeFrame: During the procedure
measure: Chewing ability
timeFrame: During the procedure
measure: Glucose
timeFrame: During the procedure. Every 15 minutes for the first hour after the meal and every 30 minutes thereafter till the end of the total 3 hours
measure: Insulin
timeFrame: During the procedure. Every 15 minutes for the first hour after the meal and every 30 minutes thereafter till the end of the total 3 hours
measure: Salivary a-amylase
timeFrame: During the procedure
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Reading
country: United Kingdom
facility: University of Reading
Study officials:
affiliation: m.e.clegg@reading.ac.uk
name: Miriam Clegg, BSc, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Tada A, Miura H. Systematic review of the association of mastication with food and nutrient intake in the independent elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2014 Nov-Dec;59(3):497-505. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2014.08.005. Epub 2014 Aug 17.
citation: Pina GMS, Mota Carvalho R, Silva BSF, Almeida FT. Prevalence of hyposalivation in older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gerodontology. 2020 Dec;37(4):317-331. doi: 10.1111/ger.12497. Epub 2020 Sep 23.
citation: Morley JE, Silver AJ. Anorexia in the elderly. Neurobiol Aging. 1988 Jan-Feb;9(1):9-16. doi: 10.1016/s0197-4580(88)80004-6.
citation: Krop EM, Hetherington MM, Nekitsing C, Miquel S, Postelnicu L, Sarkar A. Influence of oral processing on appetite and food intake - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite. 2018 Jun 1;125:253-269. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.01.018. Epub 2018 Feb 22.