Clinical trial NCT01567202: Study of DC Vaccination Against Glioblastoma
Official title: A Triple-blind Randomized Clinical Study of Vaccination With Dendritic Cells Loaded With Glioma Stem-like Cells Associated Antigens Against Brain Glioblastoma Multiform
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: PHASE2
Conditions: Glioma
Glioblastoma Multiforme
Neoplasms
Keywords: Brain tumor
Glioma
Glioblastoma
Tumor stem cells
Immunotherapy
Vaccine
Lead sponsor: Huashan Hospital
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Fudan University
First posted: 2012-03-30
Enrollment: 100
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 70
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: This is a Phase II study in a single center to determine the efficacy of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with autogeneic glioma stem-like cells (A2B5+) administered as a vaccination in adults with glioblastoma multiforme (primary or secondary).

Detailed description: Despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment (surgery +radiation +chemotherapy), median survival for patients with newly diagnosed brain glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is about one year, for recurrent GBM is about 4 months. Recently, immunotherapy has emerged as a novel treatment strategy for glioma with improving patient survival. Usually, processed tumor antigens from the patient's own tumor or a peptide vaccine is capable of producing an anti-glioma response. Our previous experiment revealed that the CD133+ tumor stem-like cells associated antigens could elicit highly intensive immune response against human malignant glioma , and in phase I study, we have confirmed that DC vaccine loaded with glioma stem-like cells associated antigens against malignant glioma in recurrent patients was of safety .

Autologous DCs will be obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from each patient. Stem-like cells associated antigens (SAA) will be prepared with glioma stem-like cells that are harvested from patients with GBM and primary cultured and sorted flowcytometrically and then irradiated. Approximately 4 weeks will be required for vaccine production and the first vaccine administration. Each patient will receive an injection of DCs at his/her assigned dose once every week during the first 6 week. The dose of DCs is defined as 8\~10×10\^6.

Clinical trials that utilize DCs for immunotherapy have demonstrated significant survival benefit for patients who exhibit robust immune responses against tumor cells. Unfortunately, at the present time the majority of clinical trials were in phase I that illustrated the safety. The efficacy of DCs against glioblastoma is still lack of sufficient randomized phase II study. According to our previous phase I study, here we designed this clinical trial in a triple-blind randomized manner to validate the efficacy of DCs vaccination.

Recently，an exploratory randomized phase II clinical trial have been completed （Cancer immunology \&immunotheapy ，2018，1677，1677-1688 ； PubMed ID: 30159779）， 43 GBM patients were randomized after surgery at a 1:1 ratio to receive either DCV (n = 22) or normal saline placebo (n = 21). Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analysed. Participants were stratified into different molecular subgroups based on the mutation (MT) status of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1/2) and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). Plasma cytokine levels, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte numbers and immune co-inhibitory molecules PD-L1 and B7-H4 were also assessed. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that DCV treatment significantly prolonged OS (p = 0.02) after adjusting for IDH1 and TERT promoter MT and B7-H4 expression, primary vs recurrent GBM. Among IDH1wild type (WT) TERTMT patients, DCV treatment significantly prolonged OS (p \< 0.01) and PFS (p = 0.03) and increased plasma levels of cytokines CCL22 and IFN-γ compared with placebo. Patients with low B7-H4 expression showed significantly prolonged OS (p = 0.02) after DCV treatment.

In the present study, IDH1WTTERTMT subgroups of GBM patients more responsive to GSC DCV-based specific active-immunotherapy. However，It is noted that IDH1WTTERTMTGBM patients was analysed in a cohort samples which are not randomlized and the present study population is too small to evaluate conclusively demographic criteria for entry and patient recruitment. the results of the present study should be confirmed in a random cohort of IDH1WTTERTMT GBM patients. Accordingly , we made some modifications to the original plan, and are currently recruiting new participants.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with histologically confirmed brain glioblastoma multiforme and molecular subgroups of IDH1 wildtype TERT mutation。
2. Patients with maximum safe resection of the tumor (≥95%) confirmed with contrast MR within 72 hours after surgery.
3. Age from 18 through 70 years.
4. Karnofsky performance score of ≥ 60%.
5. Adequate organ function within 14 days of study registration including the following:

   Adequate bone marrow reserve: absolute neutrophil (segmented and bands) count, (ANC) ≥ 1.0×10\^9/L, platelets ≥100×10\^9/L; hemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dL. Hepatic: bilirubin ≤1.3 mg/dL or 0-22 mmol/L, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) \< 3×upper limit of normal (ULN). Renal: Normal serum Creatinine for age (below) or creatinine clearance \>60 ml/min/1.73 m\^2. Electrocardiogram: normal.
6. Written informed consent must be obtained from all patients, with the understanding that consent may be withdrawn by the subject at any time without prejudice to future medical care.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnant or breast-feeding patients. Pregnancy testing will be performed on all menstruating females within 14 days of study enrollment.
2. Patients with uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.
3. Patients with history of immune system abnormalities such as hyperimmunity (e.g., autoimmune diseases) and hypoimmunity (e.g., myelodysplastic disorders, marrow failures, AIDS, ongoing pregnancy, transplant immuno-suppression), or medication of cortisol.
4. Patients with any conditions that could potentially alter immune function (e.g., AIDS, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, renal failure).
5. Patients currently received any other investigational agents.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Objective response rate (ORR) of the treatment using DC Vaccination for Glioblastoma with molecular markers for immunotherapy.
timeFrame: Every 4 weeks from baseline to 6 months.
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Progression free survival
timeFrame: Every 4 weeks from baseline to 6 months.
measure: Overall survival
timeFrame: within 2 years after the surgery
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Shanghai
country: China
facility: Huashan hospital, Fudan university
state: Shanghai
Study officials:
affiliation: Huashan Hospital
name: Liangfu Zhou, M.D.
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Hua W, Yao Y, Chu Y, Zhong P, Sheng X, Xiao B, Wu J, Yang B, Mao Y, Zhou L. The CD133+ tumor stem-like cell-associated antigen may elicit highly intense immune responses against human malignant glioma. J Neurooncol. 2011 Nov;105(2):149-57. doi: 10.1007/s11060-011-0572-y. Epub 2011 Apr 11.
citation: Hua Wei, Yao Yu, Chu Yiwei, Zhong Ping, Zhang Rong, Zhu Wei, Wu Jingsong, Ma Dexuan, Xu Ming, Mao Ying, Zhou Liangfu. Phase I study of dendritic cells pulsed with tumor stem-like cells associated antigens against malignant glioma in recurrent patients. Chinese Journal of Neurosurgery (Chinese). 2011, 27(1): 90-94.
citation: Xu M, Yao Y, Hua W, Wu Z, Zhong P, Mao Y, Zhou L, Luo F, Chu Y. Mouse glioma immunotherapy mediated by A2B5+ GL261 cell lysate-pulsed dendritic cells. J Neurooncol. 2014 Feb;116(3):497-504. doi: 10.1007/s11060-013-1334-9. Epub 2014 Jan 8.
citation: Yao Y, Luo F, Tang C, Chen D, Qin Z, Hua W, Xu M, Zhong P, Yu S, Chen D, Ding X, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Yang J, Qian J, Deng Y, Hoon DSB, Hu J, Chu Y, Zhou L. Molecular subgroups and B7-H4 expression levels predict responses to dendritic cell vaccines in glioblastoma: an exploratory randomized phase II clinical trial. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2018 Nov;67(11):1777-1788. doi: 10.1007/s00262-018-2232-y. Epub 2018 Aug 22.