Clinical trial NCT03976479: Body Composition, Nutritional and Cardiovascular Status and Lifestyle Factors of Adults Who Are on Plant-Based Diet
Official title: Body Composition, Nutritional and Cardiovascular Status and Lifestyle Factors of Adults Who Are on Short-, Medium- and Long-term Plant-Based Diet
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Conditions Influencing Health Status
Body Weight
Lipid Metabolism Disorders
Uricemia
Blood Pressure Disorders
Physical Stress
Sleep Disorder
Stress, Psychological
Keywords: Body composition
Nutritional status
Lipids
Blood pressure
Lifestyle factors
Lead sponsor: Barbara Jakše s.p.
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: University Medical Centre Ljubljana
First posted: 2019-06-06
Enrollment: 166
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 80
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: CROSS_SECTIONAL
Sampling method: PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Heatlhy and active long-term PB dieters

Brief summary: There is an objective lack of data on the body composition, nutritional status, cardiovascular status and lifestyle of adults on a plant-based diet (PBD). The aim in this cross-sectional study investigators will document the differences in the body composition, nutritional intake and general health status of healthy adults aged 18 to 80 years who are on plant-based diet of 0.5-10 years and to determine if their body composition status is associated to the duration of eating with PBD between the 3 groups: those that are 0.5-2 years (short-term), 2-5 years (medium-term) and 5-10 years (long-term) on PBD.

This study will also include the monitoring of other factors of healthy and active lifestyle of PBD participants, namely the status of habitual and organized physical activity, the status of daily long-term seating, the status of stress and hygiene of sleep, socio-economic status and the motive(s)/reasons for starting PBD. Investigators will also record their maximum (lifetime) body weight, body weight upon entering the PBD lifestyle, and using data from participants, blood analysis to collect their basic biochemistry results, and data on current blood pressure status.

The investigators hypothesis is that:

(H1): There are no differences in nutritional status between people who are short- (0.5-2 years), the medium- (2-5 years) or the long-term (5-10 years) on PBD.

(H2): At least 80% of the tested subjects have plasma lipid values and blood pressure within the reference values.

(H3): There is difference in lipid profile and body composition between people who are short- and the medium but not between medium and long-term PBD.

Detailed description: In the study investigators will voluntarily enroll all participants within inclusion/exclusion criteria that are willing to participate in the study. Investigators will anticipate that for approx. 150-200 healthy adult PBD participants investigators will require approx. 2555 invited and interviewed candidates, of both sexes, aged 18-80 years, without restrictions on current body mass index (BMI) status, that are on PBD for 0.5-10 years and live a healthy and active lifestyle.

The methods to be used are a medically approved bioimpedance body composition monitor (Tanita, 780 S MA, Tokyo, Japan), medically approved body weight scale and body height gauge (MPE 250K100HM), a 3-day dietary record (3-DR), one adopted by NIH: socio-demographic, economic status and motive for PBD questionnaire, and three standardized questionnaires: (1) habitual and organized physical activity, and the frequency of sitting (IPAQ-long), (2) stress (PSQ-30), and (3) quality of sleep (PSQI).

Concerning 3-DR, the study participants will weight and record all foods, beverages consumed, as well as leftovers, and dietary supplements over three consecutive days (two weekdays and one weekend) using electronic kitchen scales. The study participants will choose the day of the beginning of dietary recording within a given period (i. e.: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday or Thursday, Friday, Saturday). When exact weighing will not be possible (e.g., in case of eating out), household measures (spoon, cup, glass, etc.) and a picture book with household measures in adults' portion sizes (photos of reference foods with their actual gram weight) (NIJZ, 2016), allowed semi-quantitative recording. For the evaluation of dietary intake, investigators will use dietary software, Open Platform for Clinical Nutrition (OPEN), which is a web-based application (http://opkp.si/) and has been developed by the Jozef Stefan Institute and supported by the EuroFIR AISBL (http://eurofir.org) and the European Federation of the Association of Dietitians (EFAD). Dietary software has been upgraded to 3-DR methodology.

Food intake data (from 3-DR) will be used for assessment of energy, macro- and micronutrients intakes using OPEN. The energy and nutrient contents of commercial food or home prepared foods, will estimated by recipe simulation using labelled ingredients and nutrient contents. OPEN will be continuously updated by adding those products or recopies recorded by study participants on PBD.

In order to assess the nutritional intake from dietary supplements, we will use Res-Pons d.o.o. services, which professionally manages the database with all dietary supplements products on the Slovenian market (Pretehtajte.si, 2018).

Investigators will also record their maximum (lifetime) body weight, body weight upon entering the PBD lifestyle, and using data taken blood analysis to collect their basic biochemistry results, measured in a standard and comparable method (plasma lipids, uric acid and a hemogram), and data on current blood pressure status.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults, age from 18-80 years, on PBD longer than 0.5 years.
* PB dieters who may have some kind of food intolerance or food restriction (e.g. gluten, tomato, peanuts, citrus, etc.).
* No restriction on participants current BMI
* Knowing (BIA measured) PB dieters baseline BM and fat %
* Currently smoking tobacco products is not an exclusion criterion, but we will record it and report in demographic data

Exclusion Criteria:

* Adults on PBD but with active diseases (e.g. cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, cancer, autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease ect.).
* Adults on PBD with the current use of drugs for measured blood markers (lipids and blood pressure).
* Without major musculoskeletal restrictions
* Pregnant and lactating woman
* Currently competitive or top level athletes

Primary outcomes:
measure: Body weight status
timeFrame: Cross-sectional (June-July 2019)
measure: Height status
timeFrame: Cross-sectional (June-July 2019)
measure: Body mass index (BMI) status
timeFrame: Cross-sectional (June-July 2019)
measure: Lean tissue mass status
timeFrame: Cross-sectional (June-July 2019)
measure: Fat tissue mass status
timeFrame: Cross-sectional (June-July 2019)
measure: Nutritional status
timeFrame: Cross-sectional (June-July 2019)
measure: Serum cholesterol status
timeFrame: Cross-sectional (June-July 2019)
measure: Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol status
timeFrame: Cross-sectional (June-July 2019)
measure: Serum HDL cholesterol status
timeFrame: Cross-sectional (June-July 2019)
measure: Serum triglyceride status
timeFrame: Cross-sectional (June-July 2019)
measure: Blood pressure status
timeFrame: Cross-sectional (June-July 2019)
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Socio-economic and demographic status
timeFrame: Cross-sectional (June-July 2019)
measure: Physical activity status
timeFrame: Cross-sectional (June-July 2019)
measure: Stress status
timeFrame: Cross-sectional (June-July 2019)
measure: Sleep status
timeFrame: Cross-sectional (June-July 2019)
measure: Serum uric acid status
timeFrame: Cross-sectional (June-July 2019)
measure: Hemoglobin status
timeFrame: Cross-sectional (June-July 2019)
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Ljubljana
country: Slovenia
facility: PDP Spodnje Črnuče
Study officials:
References:
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citation: Melina V, Craig W, Levin S. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016 Dec;116(12):1970-1980. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.025.
citation: Satija A, Bhupathiraju SN, Spiegelman D, Chiuve SE, Manson JE, Willett W, Rexrode KM, Rimm EB, Hu FB. Healthful and Unhealthful Plant-Based Diets and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in U.S. Adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 Jul 25;70(4):411-422. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.047.
citation: Willett W, Rockstrom J, Loken B, Springmann M, Lang T, Vermeulen S, Garnett T, Tilman D, DeClerck F, Wood A, Jonell M, Clark M, Gordon LJ, Fanzo J, Hawkes C, Zurayk R, Rivera JA, De Vries W, Majele Sibanda L, Afshin A, Chaudhary A, Herrero M, Agustina R, Branca F, Lartey A, Fan S, Crona B, Fox E, Bignet V, Troell M, Lindahl T, Singh S, Cornell SE, Srinath Reddy K, Narain S, Nishtar S, Murray CJL. Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. Lancet. 2019 Feb 2;393(10170):447-492. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4. Epub 2019 Jan 16. No abstract available.