Clinical trial NCT02167490: Sentinel Node Vs Observation After Axillary Ultra-souND
Official title: A Randomized Trial Comparing Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Vs no Axillary Surgical Staging in Patients With Small Breast Cancer and a Negative Preoperative Axillary Assessment (IEO S637/311)
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Phase: NA
Conditions: Early Stage Breast Carcinoma
Keywords: BC; conservative surgery; SNB; AD; axillary US imaging
Lead sponsor: European Institute of Oncology
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2014-06-19
Enrollment: 1560
Sex: FEMALE
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The hypothesis of this trial are that:

* avoiding axillary surgery does not worsen the outcome of patients with small breast cancer the absence of the pathological information on the risk of recurrence given by nodal status is not worsening outcome of these patients
* pre-operative imaging of the axilla can identify patients with clinically relevant nodal burden.

The aims of this prospective randomized study are:

* to verify whether, in presence of a negative preoperative axillary assessment, SLN can be spared
* to verify whether, in presence of a negative preoperative axillary assessment, the decision on adjuvant medical treatment can be taken according only to the biology of the tumour without the prognostic information achieved by SLNB on the nodal status
* to verify whether, in presence of a negative preoperative axillary assessment, the patients' quality of life can be improved by a less invasive surgical procedure.

Detailed description: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the standard approach for axillary staging in patients with breast cancer worldwide. The evident trend of breast cancer treatment is going towards minimizing axillary surgery, even in presence of involvement of the sentinel lymph node (SLN). In fact, it is well known that removal of lymph nodes is performed with staging purposes and to improve regional control but not with curative intent. Recent data from a prospective randomized trial which compared axillary dissection vs. no further axillary surgery in presence of positive SLN did not show any difference in term of overall and disease-free survival. Moreover, to date the impact of the prognostic information of axillary lymph node status in the decision-making process is less important than in the past as the adjuvant treatment is more and more tailored on the biological features of the disease rather than on the risk of recurrence.

This is a prospective randomized controlled trial in which patients with small breast cancer (T\<2 cm), with a negative preoperative assessment of the axilla (ultra-sound with FNAC in presence of doubtful findings) will be randomized into two treatment arms:

* SLNB ± axillary dissection
* No axillary surgical staging In the arm 1, no axillary dissection will be performed in case of either negative SLN or in presence of isolated tumour cells or micrometastases. SLNB will be completed by axillary dissection in presence of macrometastases diagnosed in the SLN.

The aims of this prospective randomized study are:

to verify whether, in presence of a negative preoperative axillary assessment, SLN can be spared to verify whether, in presence of a negative preoperative axillary assessment, the decision on adjuvant medical treatment can be taken according only to the biology of the tumour without the prognostic information achieved by SLNB on the nodal status to verify whether, in presence of a negative preoperative axillary assessment, the patients' quality of life can be improved by a less invasive surgical procedure.

Endpoints

The primary endpoint of the study is distant-disease free survival. This endpoint, a proxi of overall survival, will allow to have reliable results in a shorter period of time compared to overall survival.

Secondary endpoints will be the cumulative incidence of distant recurrences, the cumulative incidence of axillary recurrences, the disease free survival (DFS) and the overall survival (OS). Other secondary endpoints are quality of life and evaluation of type of adjuvant treatment administered.

Sample size calculation and statistical considerations

We will consider women who will undergo SLNB as the reference group, and we will test for non-inferiority the group of women not undergoing any treatment in the axilla. For the purpose of sample size calculation, the 5-year DDFS in the reference group is assumed to be 96.5%. Overall, 1560 women (780 per arm) will be enrolled to decide whether the group without treatment of the axilla is no worse than the reference group, given a margin delta of non-inferiority of 2.5% (maximum tolerable 5-years DDFS = 94%). Statistical power and one-sided type I error are set to 80% and 5%, respectively. After 3 years from the start of accrual an interim safety analysis will be performed.

Standard survival analyses and survival analyses with competing events will be performed. Multivariable Cox regression models will be applied to adjust the risk estimates of interest for other variables. The Chi-square test for trend, Chi-square test and the Fisher exact test will be used to evaluate differences in percentages between the two treatment groups, as appropriate. The T-tests will be used to evaluate differences in means for continuous variables.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* breast cancer \<2 cm, and a clinically negative axilla
* any age
* candidates to receive breast conserving surgery + radiotherapy
* negative preoperative assessment of the axilla (ultra-sound with or without FNAC in case one doubtful node is found)
* written informed consent must be signed and dated by the patient and the investigator prior to inclusion.
* patients must be accessible for follow-up.

Exclusion Criteria:

* synchronous distant metastases
* previous malignancy
* bilateral breast cancer
* multicentric or multifocal breast cancer
* previous primary systemic therapy
* pregnancy or breastfeeding
* pre-operative diagnosis (cytology or histology) of axillary lymph node metastases
* pre-operative radiological evidence of multiple involved or suspicious nodes
* patients with psychiatric, addictive, or any disorder, which compromises ability to give informed consent for participation in this study.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Distant-disease free survival
timeFrame: 6 months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Cumulative incidence of distant recurrences
timeFrame: 6 months
measure: Cumulative incidence of axillary recurrences
timeFrame: 6 months
measure: Disease free survival (DFS)
timeFrame: 6 months
measure: Overall survival
timeFrame: 6 months
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Santiago
country: Chile
facility: Instituto Oncologico Fundacion Arturo Lopez Perez
city: Bolzano
country: Italy
facility: Comprensorio Sanitario
city: Brescia
country: Italy
facility: Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili
city: Cagliari
country: Italy
facility: Ospedale Oncologico Regionale
city: Castellanza
country: Italy
facility: Humanitas Mater Domini
city: Como
country: Italy
facility: Ospedale S. Anna
city: Mantova
country: Italy
facility: Azienda Ospedaliera Carlo Poma
city: Milano
country: Italy
facility: Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori
city: Milan
country: Italy
facility: European Institute of Oncology
city: Napoli
country: Italy
facility: AOU Federico II
city: Napoli
country: Italy
facility: Istituto Nazionale Tumori
city: Pavia
country: Italy
facility: Ospedale San Matteo
city: Piacenza
country: Italy
facility: Ospedale Guglielmo di Saliceto
city: Roma
country: Italy
facility: Ospedale Fatebenefratelli
city: Rozzano
country: Italy
facility: Humanitas Cancer Center
city: Torino
country: Italy
facility: Ospedale S. Anna
city: Valencia
country: Spain
facility: Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe
city: Bern
country: Switzerland
facility: Universitätsspital Bern Klinik und Poliklinik für Medizinische Onkologie
Study officials:
affiliation: European Institute of Oncology
name: Oreste D Gentilini, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
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