Clinical trial NCT05530772: Immediate vs. On-demand Endoscopic Necrosectomy in Infected Walled-off Pancreatic Necrosis
Official title: Immediate Endoscopic Necrosectomy vs. On-demand Necroectomy in Infected Walled-off Pancreatic Necrosis
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: NA
Conditions: Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing
Lead sponsor: University of Tehran
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2022-09-07
Enrollment: 50
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common diagnoses made in gastroenterology wards worldwide which causes a great deal of pain and expense along with fatal complications. Approximately, 10-20% of patients progress to necrotizing pancreatitis that result in significant morbidity and mortality. Initial conservative management may be feasible in necrotizing pancreatitis, however the majority of patients with infected necrosis or persistent symptoms will eventually require a drainage procedure. Drainage procedures for necrotizing pancreatitis include open surgery, minimally invasive surgery, percutaneous drainage, and endoscopic drainage. In the recent years, minimally invasive approaches have largely replaced open surgical necrosectomy. Endoscopic drainage of walled off pancreatic necrosis involves creation of a transmural fistula between the enteral lumen and WOPN cavity with stent placement under endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guidance. Furthermore, direct endoscopic necrosectomy can be performed through the fistula track. The best timing for endoscopic necrosectomy is not yet defined. A recent retrospective study suggested that immediate necrosectomy after stent placement results in earlier resolution of WOPN with fewer sessions of endoscopic necrosectomy. The aim of this study is to compare immediate vs. on-demand endoscopic necrosectomy in patients with infected WOPN who undergo EUS-guided transmural drainage of WOPN.

Detailed description: Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common diagnoses made in gastroenterology wards worldwide which causes a great deal of pain and expense along with fatal complications (1). The incidence of acute pancreatitis is trending upward in the United States with $2.6 billion annual health care costs (2). While most patients present with mild and interstitial form of pancreatitis, 10-20% of patients progress to necrotizing pancreatitis that result in significant morbidity and mortality (3). Initial conservative management may be feasible in necrotizing pancreatitis (4), however the majority of patients with infected necrosis or persistent symptoms will eventually require a drainage procedure (5). Drainage procedures for necrotizing pancreatitis include open surgery, minimally invasive surgery, percutaneous drainage, and endoscopic drainage. Drainage procedures are typically postponed for several weeks until the necrotic cavity becomes walled off which is called walled off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN).

In the recent years, minimally invasive approaches have largely replaced open surgical necrosectomy (6). Endoscopic drainage of walled off pancreatic necrosis involves creation of a transmural fistula between the enteral lumen and WOPN cavity with stent placement under endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guidance. Furthermore, direct endoscopic necrosectomy can be performed through the fistula track. The best timing for endoscopic necrosectomy is not yet defined. A recent retrospective study suggested that immediate necrosectomy after stent placement results in earlier resolution of WOPN with fewer sessions of endoscopic necrosectomy (7).

The aim of this study is to compare immediate vs. on-demand endoscopic necrosectomy in patients with infected WOPN who undergo EUS-guided transmural drainage of WOPN.

Infected necrosis is diagnosed with one of the following criteria in patients with WOPN three weeks after onset of acute pancreatitis (8): A. Positive Gram's stain or culture from a fine-needle aspiration; B. the presence of gas within pancreatic and peripancreatic necrosis on contrast-enhanced CT scan; C. Presence of two inflammatory variables (temperature \>38.5°C or elevated C-reactive protein levels or leukocyte counts) in the absence of another focus of infection (other than infected necrosis) ; D. Presence of persistent organ failure.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Documented history of acute pancreatitis
* Necrotic collection with partial or complete wall diagnosed on CT or MRI
* Necrotic collection of any size with any number of loculations with more than 20% of solid/necrotic component
* Necrotic collection is accessible and amenable for EUS-guided drainage
* Age \>= 18 years
* Suspected or confirmed infection in the necrotic collection
* The patient understands and accepts to sign the informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Irreversible coagulopathy with INR\>1.5 or platelet counts \<50,000
* Necrotic collection is not accessible for EUS-guided drainage
* Females who are pregnant
* Previous intervention (e,g, percutaneous drainage, or surgery) is performed for the patient

Primary outcomes:
measure: Clinical success rate
timeFrame: Three months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: procedure-related adverse events
timeFrame: Three months
measure: Length of hospital stay
timeFrame: Three months
measure: Number of necrosectomy sessions
timeFrame: Three months
measure: Total duration of necrosectomies (in miniute)
timeFrame: Three months
measure: Rate of new onset diabetes mellitus
timeFrame: Three months
measure: Mortality rate
timeFrame: Three months
measure: Number of patients requiring surgery
timeFrame: Three months
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Tehran
country: Iran, Islamic Republic of
facility: Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave.,
Study officials:
affiliation: Chair, Digestive dieseases research institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
name: Alireza Delavari, MD
role: STUDY_CHAIR
References:
citation: Lankisch PG, Apte M, Banks PA. Acute pancreatitis. Lancet. 2015 Jul 4;386(9988):85-96. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60649-8. Epub 2015 Jan 21.
citation: Peery AF, Crockett SD, Barritt AS, Dellon ES, Eluri S, Gangarosa LM, Jensen ET, Lund JL, Pasricha S, Runge T, Schmidt M, Shaheen NJ, Sandler RS. Burden of Gastrointestinal, Liver, and Pancreatic Diseases in the United States. Gastroenterology. 2015 Dec;149(7):1731-1741.e3. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.08.045. Epub 2015 Aug 29.
citation: Baron TH, DiMaio CJ, Wang AY, Morgan KA. American Gastroenterological Association Clinical Practice Update: Management of Pancreatic Necrosis. Gastroenterology. 2020 Jan;158(1):67-75.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.07.064. Epub 2019 Aug 31.
citation: Mouli VP, Sreenivas V, Garg PK. Efficacy of conservative treatment, without necrosectomy, for infected pancreatic necrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2013 Feb;144(2):333-340.e2. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.10.004. Epub 2012 Oct 12.
citation: Boxhoorn L, Voermans RP, Bouwense SA, Bruno MJ, Verdonk RC, Boermeester MA, van Santvoort HC, Besselink MG. Acute pancreatitis. Lancet. 2020 Sep 5;396(10252):726-734. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31310-6.
citation: van Santvoort HC, Besselink MG, Bakker OJ, Hofker HS, Boermeester MA, Dejong CH, van Goor H, Schaapherder AF, van Eijck CH, Bollen TL, van Ramshorst B, Nieuwenhuijs VB, Timmer R, Lameris JS, Kruyt PM, Manusama ER, van der Harst E, van der Schelling GP, Karsten T, Hesselink EJ, van Laarhoven CJ, Rosman C, Bosscha K, de Wit RJ, Houdijk AP, van Leeuwen MS, Buskens E, Gooszen HG; Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group. A step-up approach or open necrosectomy for necrotizing pancreatitis. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 22;362(16):1491-502. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0908821.
citation: Yan L, Dargan A, Nieto J, Shariaha RZ, Binmoeller KF, Adler DG, DeSimone M, Berzin T, Swahney M, Draganov PV, Yang DJ, Diehl DL, Wang L, Ghulab A, Butt N, Siddiqui AA. Direct endoscopic necrosectomy at the time of transmural stent placement results in earlier resolution of complex walled-off pancreatic necrosis: Results from a large multicenter United States trial. Endosc Ultrasound. 2019 May-Jun;8(3):172-179. doi: 10.4103/eus.eus_108_17.