Clinical trial NCT02534168: Post-surgical Pain Assessment in Children: Roles of Skin Conductance and Genomics
Official title: Post-surgical Pain Assessment in Children: Roles of Skin Conductance and Genomics
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Phase: NA
Conditions: Pain
Keywords: genetic polymorphisms
Lead sponsor: Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2015-08-27
Enrollment: 180
Sex: ALL
Maximum age (years): 3
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: DIAGNOSTIC

Brief summary: Pain assessment in infants and toddlers is quite challenging since children in these populations are nonverbal or preverbal and cannot describe the presence and severity of pain that they perceive. Over the last decade, advances in the field have included the development of behavioral scoring systems for the assessment of acute pain . However, although they have been validated, these commonly used methods of pain assessment are largely subjective and rely on a highly trained observer. An objective continuous measure of pain would be an important addition to standard behavioral painscores which require nurses to monitor the child's behavioral responses.

Detailed description: After standard general anesthetic mask induction, 0.5 ml of blood will be drawn for genetic analysis when the intravenous catheter is sited. A member of the research team will manually transport an appropriately-labeled blood collection tube to the Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative Genomics Laboratory for storage and further preparation for genetic analysis. The samples will be stored until the investigators have enough to process. The results will be stored in a secure database. The surgical procedure, anesthesia technique, intraoperative analgesia treatment and initial postoperative analgesia treatment will be standardized.Upon arrival in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit(PACU), the child will be connected to standard monitors as per standard of care. Pain scores will be recorded on a scale of 0-10 (FLACC, Face, legs,activity, cry, consolability scale) scale. A member of the research team will apply the skin conductance (SC) monitor on the child's hand or foot.This will be used to measure SC values that will be saved on a laptop computer and the SC data will be analyzed off-line.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children 0 - 3 years of age inclusive
* Presenting for palatal repair (palatoplasty)
* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of 1 or 2

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children \> 3 years of age
* On chronic pain treatment
* Pre-operative use of analgesics
* Allergies to any anesthetics or analgesia products
* Known obstructive sleep apnea
* Diagnosis of Cystic fibrosis
* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status ≥ 3

Primary outcomes:
measure: skin conductance measurements
timeFrame: 2 years
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the mu-opioid receptor A118G on post-operaive pain scores
timeFrame: 2 years
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Hershey
country: United States
facility: Hershey Medical Center
state: Pennsylvania
Study officials:
affiliation: Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
name: Priti G Dalal, MD, FRCA
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Eriksson M, Storm H, Fremming A, Schollin J. Skin conductance compared to a combined behavioural and physiological pain measure in newborn infants. Acta Paediatr. 2008 Jan;97(1):27-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00586.x. Epub 2007 Dec 3.
citation: Hullett B, Chambers N, Preuss J, Zamudio I, Lange J, Pascoe E, Ledowski T. Monitoring electrical skin conductance: a tool for the assessment of postoperative pain in children? Anesthesiology. 2009 Sep;111(3):513-7. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181b27c18.
citation: Ledowski T, Bromilow J, Wu J, Paech MJ, Storm H, Schug SA. The assessment of postoperative pain by monitoring skin conductance: results of a prospective study. Anaesthesia. 2007 Oct;62(10):989-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05191.x.
citation: Storm H. Skin conductance and the stress response from heel stick in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2000 Sep;83(2):F143-7. doi: 10.1136/fn.83.2.f143.
citation: Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR, Malviya S. The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs. 1997 May-Jun;23(3):293-7.
citation: Storm H. Changes in skin conductance as a tool to monitor nociceptive stimulation and pain. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2008 Dec;21(6):796-804. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e3283183fe4.
citation: Chou WY, Yang LC, Lu HF, Ko JY, Wang CH, Lin SH, Lee TH, Concejero A, Hsu CJ. Association of mu-opioid receptor gene polymorphism (A118G) with variations in morphine consumption for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2006 Aug;50(7):787-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01058.x.
citation: Dalal PG, Doheny KK, Klick L, Britcher S, Rebstock S, Bezinover D, Palmer C, Berlin C, Postula M, Kong L, Janicki PK. Analysis of acute pain scores and skin conductance measurements in infants. Early Hum Dev. 2013 Mar;89(3):153-8. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.09.008. Epub 2012 Oct 6.
citation: Kolesnikov Y, Gabovits B, Levin A, Voiko E, Veske A. Combined catechol-O-methyltransferase and mu-opioid receptor gene polymorphisms affect morphine postoperative analgesia and central side effects. Anesth Analg. 2011 Feb;112(2):448-53. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e318202cc8d. Epub 2010 Dec 2.