Clinical trial NCT04684212: Can the Lambre Device Occlude IRRegular And Large Appendages in Patients With Non-Valvular AF
Official title: Can the Lambre Device Occlude IRRegular And Large Appendages in Patients With Non-Valvular AF: The CORRAL-AF Study
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Phase: NA
Conditions: Atrial Fibrillation
Left Atrial Appendage Thrombosis
CVA
Keywords: LAMBRE device
Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion device
CVA prevention
Atrial Fibrillation
Cardiovascular angiography
Anti-coagulation management
Thromboembolism
nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
non-pharmacological alternative
Thrombosis
Lead sponsor: Henry Ford Health System
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Lifetech Scientific (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.
First posted: 2020-12-24
Enrollment: 2931
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Intervention model description: This prospective, randomized, multicenter study will enroll 2,931 subjects (2706 randomized subjects, 225 roll-in subjects) at up to 75 investigational sites in the United States.
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: The primary objective is to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the implantation of the LAmbre PlusTM device in patients with large or irregularly shaped appendages with non-valvular atrial fibrillation who are at increased risk for stroke and systemic embolism compared to oral anticoagulation (OAC).

Detailed description: This prospective, randomized, multicenter study will enroll 2,931 subjects (2706 randomized subjects, 225 roll-in subjects) at up to 75 investigational sites in the United States. Patients presenting with non-valvular atrial fibrillation who are at increased risk for stroke and systemic embolism based on CHA2DS2-VASc scores, and who are recommended for oral anticoagulation therapy but have an appropriate rationale to seek a non-pharmacologic alternative to oral anticoagulation, and who meet all eligibility criteria will be enrolled in the study.

Subjects will have clinical follow-up in-hospital and at 45 days, 6 months, 12 months, and annually up to 5-years. CT/Imaging or Transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) follow-up will occur at 45 days and TEE at 1-year.

The LAmbre PlusTM Left Atrial Appendage (LAA) Closure System is intended to reduce the risk of thromboembolism from the left atrial appendage (LAA) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who:

* Are at increased risk for stroke and systemic embolism based on CHADS2 or CHA2DS2-VASc scores and are recommended for oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy; AND
* Are deemed by their physician to be suitable for OAC; AND
* Have an appropriate rationale to seek a non-pharmacological alternative to OAC, taking into account the safety and effectiveness of the device compared to OAC

Eligibility criteria: Potential subjects must meet ALL of the following criteria to be eligible for inclusion in the study:

Inclusion Criteria:

1. The patient is a male or non-pregnant female ≥18 years of age
2. The patient has documented paroxysmal, persistent, or permanent non-valvular atrial fibrillation or flutter
3. The patient has a CHADS2 score ≥ 2 or a CHA2DS2-VASc score of ≥ 3, and is recommended for oral anticoagulation therapy
4. The patient is deemed by their physician to be suitable for short-term OAC, but there is an appropriate rationale for seeking a non-pharmacologic alternative to oral anticoagulation
5. The patient is deemed suitable for LAA closure in a shared decision model with a non-implanting physician
6. The patient is willing and able to comply with protocol-specified treatment and follow-up evaluations
7. The patient (or his or her legally authorized representative) has been informed of the nature of the study, agrees to its provisions, and has been provided written informed consent approved by the appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB) or Ethics Committee (EC)

Potential subjects will be excluded if ANY of the following conditions apply:

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnant or nursing patients and those who plan pregnancy in the period up to 1 year following index procedure. Female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test done within 7 days prior to index procedure per site standard test
2. Patients with atrial fibrillation that is defined by a single occurrence, or that is transient or reversible (e.g., secondary to CABG, an interventional procedure, pneumonia, or hyperthyroidism)
3. Patients who require long-term anticoagulation/DAPT for a condition other than atrial fibrillation
4. Patients not suitable for short term oral anti-coagulation (including due to bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy or absolute contraindication to OAC or DAPT ) or who will refuse transfusion
5. Patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease, known severe aortic stenosis requiring surgical or percutaneous valve replacement, or existing mechanical valve prosthesis
6. Active infection with bacteremia
7. Known hypersensitivity or contraindication to aspirin, clopidogrel, heparin/bivalirudin, any device material or component (nitinol, nickel, titanium, PET), and/or contrast sensitivity that cannot be adequately pre-medicated
8. Anatomic conditions that would prevent performance of the LAA occlusion procedure (e.g., prior atrial septal defect \[ASD\] or patient foramen ovale \[PFO\] surgical repair or implanted closure device, or obliterated left atrial appendage)
9. Recent (within 30 days pre-procedure) or planned (within 60 days post procedure) cardiac or non-cardiac interventional or surgical procedure (e.g., cardioversion, ablation, percutaneous coronary intervention, cataract surgery, etc.)
10. Recent (within 90 days pre-procedure) stroke, transient ischemic attack, or myocardial infarction
11. Severe heart failure (New York Heart Association Class IV)
12. Known asymptomatic carotid artery disease with\>70% diameter stenosis OR symptomatic carotid disease (\>50% diameter stenosis with ipsilateral stroke or TIA). Subjects with prior carotid endarterectomy or carotid stent placement may be enrolled, provided that known diameter stenosis is \<50%.
13. Past or pending heart or any other organ transplant, or on the waiting list for any organ transplant
14. Current participation in another investigational drug or device study
15. Size of the left atrial appendage at the LAmbre Plus defined landing zone within outside the manufactures recommendations (Table 2.)
16. Patients with an indication for chronic P2Y12 platelet inhibition therapy
17. Patients who are unable to undergo CT scan

Echocardiographic Exclusion Criteria

1. Left atrial appendage anatomy may accommodate implantation of the WATCHMAN device, according to IFU by size.
2. LVEF \<25%
3. Intracardiac thrombus or dense spontaneous echo contrast, as visualized by TEE within 2 days prior to implant
4. Presence of a high-risk patent foramen ovale (PFO), defined as an atrial septal aneurysm (excursion \>15 mm or length \>15 mm) or large shunt (early, within 3 beats and/or substantial passage of bubbles)
5. Moderate or severe mitral valve stenosis (mitral valve area \<1.5 cm2)
6. Complex atheroma with mobile plaque of the descending aorta and/or aortic arch (Grade 4 or higher)
7. Presence of an intracardiac tumor

Primary outcomes:
measure: Composite of time to first occurrence of stroke, cardiovascular death, or clinically relevant major or non-major bleeding events
timeFrame: through study completion, up to 5 years
measure: Composite of time to first occurrence of ischemic stroke or systemic embolism
timeFrame: through study completion, up to of 5 years
measure: Overall safety
timeFrame: 12 months
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Mortality
timeFrame: 45 days, 6 months, 12 months, 5 years
measure: Myocardial Infarction
timeFrame: 45 days, 6 months, 12 months, 5 years
measure: Peri-Procedural Stroke
timeFrame: 30 days
measure: Bleeding Complications
timeFrame: 45 days, 6 months, 12 months, 5 years
measure: Major Procedure-Related Complications
timeFrame: 45 days
measure: Vascular Complications
timeFrame: 45 days, 6 months, 12 months, 5 years
measure: Embolic events
timeFrame: 45 days, 6 months, 12 months, 5 years
measure: Ischemic Stroke
timeFrame: 45 days, 6 months, 12 months, 5 years
measure: Systemic embolization
timeFrame: 45 days, 6 months, 12 months, 5 years
measure: All CNS injury and dysfunction
timeFrame: 45 days, 6 months, 12 months, 5 years
measure: Technical success
timeFrame: within 24 hours Post-procedure
measure: Closure success
timeFrame: 45 days
measure: Procedural Success
timeFrame: 7 days Post-procedure
measure: Total Procedural Time
timeFrame: within 24 hours Post-procedure
measure: Device Thrombosis
timeFrame: 45 days, 6 months, 12 months, 5 years
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Detroit
country: United States
facility: Henry Ford Hospital
state: Michigan
Study officials:
affiliation: Henry Ford Health System
name: Brian O'Neill, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Mandalenakis Z, Von Koch L, Eriksson H, Dellborg M, Caidahl K, Welin L, Rosengren A, Hansson PO. The risk of atrial fibrillation in the general male population: a lifetime follow-up of 50-year-old men. Europace. 2015 Jul;17(7):1018-22. doi: 10.1093/europace/euv036. Epub 2015 Apr 4.
citation: Heeringa J, van der Kuip DA, Hofman A, Kors JA, van Herpen G, Stricker BH, Stijnen T, Lip GY, Witteman JC. Prevalence, incidence and lifetime risk of atrial fibrillation: the Rotterdam study. Eur Heart J. 2006 Apr;27(8):949-53. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi825. Epub 2006 Mar 9.
citation: Go AS, Hylek EM, Phillips KA, Chang Y, Henault LE, Selby JV, Singer DE. Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study. JAMA. 2001 May 9;285(18):2370-5. doi: 10.1001/jama.285.18.2370.
citation: Dewland TA, Olgin JE, Vittinghoff E, Marcus GM. Incident atrial fibrillation among Asians, Hispanics, blacks, and whites. Circulation. 2013 Dec 3;128(23):2470-7. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002449. Epub 2013 Oct 8.
citation: Lau DH, Nattel S, Kalman JM, Sanders P. Modifiable Risk Factors and Atrial Fibrillation. Circulation. 2017 Aug 8;136(6):583-596. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023163.
citation: Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke. 1991 Aug;22(8):983-8. doi: 10.1161/01.str.22.8.983.
citation: Stewart S, Hart CL, Hole DJ, McMurray JJ. A population-based study of the long-term risks associated with atrial fibrillation: 20-year follow-up of the Renfrew/Paisley study. Am J Med. 2002 Oct 1;113(5):359-64. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01236-6.
citation: Kong B, Liu Y, Huang H, Jiang H, Huang C. Left atrial appendage closure for thromboembolism prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation: advances and perspectives. J Thorac Dis. 2015 Feb;7(2):199-203. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.01.20.
citation: Hart RG, Pearce LA, Aguilar MI. Meta-analysis: antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Jun 19;146(12):857-67. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-146-12-200706190-00007.
citation: January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, Calkins H, Cigarroa JE, Cleveland JC Jr, Conti JB, Ellinor PT, Ezekowitz MD, Field ME, Murray KT, Sacco RL, Stevenson WG, Tchou PJ, Tracy CM, Yancy CW; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Dec 2;64(21):e1-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.03.022. Epub 2014 Mar 28. No abstract available.
citation: Gage BF, van Walraven C, Pearce L, Hart RG, Koudstaal PJ, Boode BS, Petersen P. Selecting patients with atrial fibrillation for anticoagulation: stroke risk stratification in patients taking aspirin. Circulation. 2004 Oct 19;110(16):2287-92. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000145172.55640.93. Epub 2004 Oct 11.
citation: Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, Lane DA, Crijns HJ. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest. 2010 Feb;137(2):263-72. doi: 10.1378/chest.09-1584. Epub 2009 Sep 17.
citation: Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R, de Vos CB, Crijns HJ, Lip GY. A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest. 2010 Nov;138(5):1093-100. doi: 10.1378/chest.10-0134. Epub 2010 Mar 18.
citation: Brass LM, Krumholz HM, Scinto JM, Radford M. Warfarin use among patients with atrial fibrillation. Stroke. 1997 Dec;28(12):2382-9. doi: 10.1161/01.str.28.12.2382.
citation: Chan PS, Maddox TM, Tang F, Spinler S, Spertus JA. Practice-level variation in warfarin use among outpatients with atrial fibrillation (from the NCDR PINNACLE program). Am J Cardiol. 2011 Oct 15;108(8):1136-40. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.06.017. Epub 2011 Jul 26.
citation: Go AS, Hylek EM, Borowsky LH, Phillips KA, Selby JV, Singer DE. Warfarin use among ambulatory patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: the anticoagulation and risk factors in atrial fibrillation (ATRIA) study. Ann Intern Med. 1999 Dec 21;131(12):927-34. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-131-12-199912210-00004.
citation: Birman-Deych E, Radford MJ, Nilasena DS, Gage BF. Use and effectiveness of warfarin in Medicare beneficiaries with atrial fibrillation. Stroke. 2006 Apr;37(4):1070-4. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000208294.46968.a4. Epub 2006 Mar 9.
citation: Mant J, Hobbs FD, Fletcher K, Roalfe A, Fitzmaurice D, Lip GY, Murray E; BAFTA investigators; Midland Research Practices Network (MidReC). Warfarin versus aspirin for stroke prevention in an elderly community population with atrial fibrillation (the Birmingham Atrial Fibrillation Treatment of the Aged Study, BAFTA): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007 Aug 11;370(9586):493-503. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61233-1.
citation: Broderick JP, Bonomo JB, Kissela BM, Khoury JC, Moomaw CJ, Alwell K, Woo D, Flaherty ML, Khatri P, Adeoye O, Ferioli S, Kleindorfer DO. Withdrawal of antithrombotic agents and its impact on ischemic stroke occurrence. Stroke. 2011 Sep;42(9):2509-14. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.611905. Epub 2011 Jun 30.
citation: Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, Pan G, Singer DE, Hacke W, Breithardt G, Halperin JL, Hankey GJ, Piccini JP, Becker RC, Nessel CC, Paolini JF, Berkowitz SD, Fox KA, Califf RM; ROCKET AF Investigators. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 8;365(10):883-91. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1009638. Epub 2011 Aug 10.
citation: Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, Parekh A, Pogue J, Reilly PA, Themeles E, Varrone J, Wang S, Alings M, Xavier D, Zhu J, Diaz R, Lewis BS, Darius H, Diener HC, Joyner CD, Wallentin L; RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009 Sep 17;361(12):1139-51. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0905561. Epub 2009 Aug 30.
citation: Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, Lopes RD, Hylek EM, Hanna M, Al-Khalidi HR, Ansell J, Atar D, Avezum A, Bahit MC, Diaz R, Easton JD, Ezekowitz JA, Flaker G, Garcia D, Geraldes M, Gersh BJ, Golitsyn S, Goto S, Hermosillo AG, Hohnloser SH, Horowitz J, Mohan P, Jansky P, Lewis BS, Lopez-Sendon JL, Pais P, Parkhomenko A, Verheugt FW, Zhu J, Wallentin L; ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 15;365(11):981-92. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1107039. Epub 2011 Aug 27.
citation: Kalra L, Yu G, Perez I, Lakhani A, Donaldson N. Prospective cohort study to determine if trial efficacy of anticoagulation for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation translates into clinical effectiveness. BMJ. 2000 May 6;320(7244):1236-9. doi: 10.1136/bmj.320.7244.1236.
citation: Ono A, Fujita T. Low-intensity anticoagulation for stroke prevention in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation: efficacy and safety in actual clinical practice. J Clin Neurosci. 2005 Nov;12(8):891-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2004.10.011. Epub 2005 Nov 3.
citation: Ruiz Ortiz M, Romo Penas E, Franco Zapata MF, Mesa Rubio D, Anguita Sanchez M, Lopez Granados A, Arizon del Prado JM, Valles Belsue F. Oral anticoagulation in patients aged 75 years or older with chronic non-valvar atrial fibrillation: effectiveness and safety in daily clinical practice. Heart. 2005 Sep;91(9):1225-6. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2004.050831. No abstract available.
citation: Katz ES, Tsiamtsiouris T, Applebaum RM, Schwartzbard A, Tunick PA, Kronzon I. Surgical left atrial appendage ligation is frequently incomplete: a transesophageal echocardiograhic study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000 Aug;36(2):468-71. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00765-8.
citation: Holmes DR, Reddy VY, Turi ZG, Doshi SK, Sievert H, Buchbinder M, Mullin CM, Sick P; PROTECT AF Investigators. Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage versus warfarin therapy for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2009 Aug 15;374(9689):534-42. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61343-X.
citation: Reddy VY, Doshi SK, Sievert H, Buchbinder M, Neuzil P, Huber K, Halperin JL, Holmes D; PROTECT AF Investigators. Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure for stroke prophylaxis in patients with atrial fibrillation: 2.3-Year Follow-up of the PROTECT AF (Watchman Left Atrial Appendage System for Embolic Protection in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) Trial. Circulation. 2013 Feb 12;127(6):720-9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.114389. Epub 2013 Jan 16.
citation: Kleinecke C, Gomez Monterrosas O, Scalone G, Lam YY, Shin ES, Bellmann B, Brachmann J, Park JW. First-in-human experience of left atrial appendage occlusion with the steerable FuStar sheath. J Interv Cardiol. 2018 Aug;31(4):532-537. doi: 10.1111/joic.12509. Epub 2018 Mar 26.
citation: Huang H, Liu Y, Xu Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Cao K, Zhang S, Yang Y, Yang X, Huang D, Yu B, Su X, Wu L, Huang C. Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure With the LAmbre Device for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: A Prospective, Multicenter Clinical Study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2017 Nov 13;10(21):2188-2194. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2017.06.072.
citation: Park JW, Sievert H, Kleinecke C, Vaskelyte L, Schnupp S, Sievert K, Lam YY, Stahli BE, Zhang D, Li A, Brachmann J. Left atrial appendage occlusion with lambre in atrial fibrillation: Initial European experience. Int J Cardiol. 2018 Aug 15;265:97-102. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.02.120.
citation: Lansky AJ, Messe SR, Brickman AM, Dwyer M, van der Worp HB, Lazar RM, Pietras CG, Abrams KJ, McFadden E, Petersen NH, Browndyke J, Prendergast B, Ng VG, Cutlip DE, Kapadia S, Krucoff MW, Linke A, Moy CS, Schofer J, van Es GA, Virmani R, Popma J, Parides MK, Kodali S, Bilello M, Zivadinov R, Akar J, Furie KL, Gress D, Voros S, Moses J, Greer D, Forrest JK, Holmes D, Kappetein AP, Mack M, Baumbach A. Proposed Standardized Neurological Endpoints for Cardiovascular Clinical Trials: An Academic Research Consortium Initiative. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 Feb 14;69(6):679-691. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.045.
citation: Mehran R, Rao SV, Bhatt DL, Gibson CM, Caixeta A, Eikelboom J, Kaul S, Wiviott SD, Menon V, Nikolsky E, Serebruany V, Valgimigli M, Vranckx P, Taggart D, Sabik JF, Cutlip DE, Krucoff MW, Ohman EM, Steg PG, White H. Standardized bleeding definitions for cardiovascular clinical trials: a consensus report from the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium. Circulation. 2011 Jun 14;123(23):2736-47. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.009449. No abstract available.
citation: VARC-3 WRITING COMMITTEE; Genereux P, Piazza N, Alu MC, Nazif T, Hahn RT, Pibarot P, Bax JJ, Leipsic JA, Blanke P, Blackstone EH, Finn MT, Kapadia S, Linke A, Mack MJ, Makkar R, Mehran R, Popma JJ, Reardon M, Rodes-Cabau J, Van Mieghem NM, Webb JG, Cohen DJ, Leon MB. Valve Academic Research Consortium 3: updated endpoint definitions for aortic valve clinical research. Eur Heart J. 2021 May 14;42(19):1825-1857. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa799.
citation: Robins JM, Finkelstein DM. Correcting for noncompliance and dependent censoring in an AIDS Clinical Trial with inverse probability of censoring weighted (IPCW) log-rank tests. Biometrics. 2000 Sep;56(3):779-88. doi: 10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00779.x.
citation: Osmancik P, Herman D, Neuzil P, Hala P, Taborsky M, Kala P, Poloczek M, Stasek J, Haman L, Branny M, Chovancik J, Cervinka P, Holy J, Kovarnik T, Zemanek D, Havranek S, Vancura V, Opatrny J, Peichl P, Tousek P, Lekesova V, Jarkovsky J, Novackova M, Benesova K, Widimsky P, Reddy VY; PRAGUE-17 Trial Investigators. Left Atrial Appendage Closure Versus Direct Oral Anticoagulants in High-Risk Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Jun 30;75(25):3122-3135. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.067.
citation: Korsholm K, Damgaard D, Valentin JB, Packer EJS, Odenstedt J, Sinisalo J, Putaala J, Naess H, Al-Jazi MA, Karlsson JE, Pontoppidan J, Modrau B, Hjort J, Matzen KL, Johnsen SP, Nielsen-Kudsk JE. Left atrial appendage occlusion vs novel oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: rationale and design of the multicenter randomized occlusion-AF trial. Am Heart J. 2022 Jan;243:28-38. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2021.08.020. Epub 2021 Sep 17.
citation: Sahay S, Nombela-Franco L, Rodes-Cabau J, Jimenez-Quevedo P, Salinas P, Biagioni C, Nunez-Gil I, Gonzalo N, de Agustin JA, Del Trigo M, Perez de Isla L, Fernandez-Ortiz A, Escaned J, Macaya C. Efficacy and safety of left atrial appendage closure versus medical treatment in atrial fibrillation: a network meta-analysis from randomised trials. Heart. 2017 Jan 15;103(2):139-147. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-309782. Epub 2016 Sep 1.
citation: Cutlip DE, Windecker S, Mehran R, Boam A, Cohen DJ, van Es GA, Steg PG, Morel MA, Mauri L, Vranckx P, McFadden E, Lansky A, Hamon M, Krucoff MW, Serruys PW; Academic Research Consortium. Clinical end points in coronary stent trials: a case for standardized definitions. Circulation. 2007 May 1;115(17):2344-51. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.685313.
citation: Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Simoons ML, Chaitman BR, White HD; Writing Group on the Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction; Thygesen K, Alpert JS, White HD, Jaffe AS, Katus HA, Apple FS, Lindahl B, Morrow DA, Chaitman BA, Clemmensen PM, Johanson P, Hod H, Underwood R, Bax JJ, Bonow RO, Pinto F, Gibbons RJ, Fox KA, Atar D, Newby LK, Galvani M, Hamm CW, Uretsky BF, Steg PG, Wijns W, Bassand JP, Menasche P, Ravkilde J, Ohman EM, Antman EM, Wallentin LC, Armstrong PW, Simoons ML, Januzzi JL, Nieminen MS, Gheorghiade M, Filippatos G, Luepker RV, Fortmann SP, Rosamond WD, Levy D, Wood D, Smith SC, Hu D, Lopez-Sendon JL, Robertson RM, Weaver D, Tendera M, Bove AA, Parkhomenko AN, Vasilieva EJ, Mendis S; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG). Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2012 Oct;33(20):2551-67. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs184. Epub 2012 Aug 24. No abstract available.
citation: Korsholm K, Berti S, Iriart X, Saw J, Wang DD, Cochet H, Chow D, Clemente A, De Backer O, Moller Jensen J, Nielsen-Kudsk JE. Expert Recommendations on Cardiac Computed Tomography for Planning Transcatheter Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2020 Feb 10;13(3):277-292. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2019.08.054. Epub 2019 Oct 30.