Clinical trial NCT00198068: Predictors of Pregnancy Outcome in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
Official title: Predictors of Pregnancy Outcome in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Conditions: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Keywords: Pregnancy outcomes
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Lead sponsor: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
First posted: 2005-09-20
Enrollment: 700
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 45
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Observational model: CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Pregnant patients identified by investigators at each study site

Brief summary: The PROMISSE Study is an observational study of 700 pregnant patients, enrolled at nine major clinical centers. The purpose of the study is 1) to determine whether certain proteins (called complement split products) that can injure healthy organs can be used to predict poor pregnancy outcome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS), and/or 2) to determine whether elevated levels of circulating antiangiogenic factors predict pregnancy complications in patients with aPL antibodies and/or SLE.

Detailed description: Thrombosis and pregnancy loss are common features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), particularly in the presence of antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies. The in vivo mechanisms by which aPL antibodies lead to vascular events and, specifically, to recurrent fetal loss are largely unknown. Studies in a mouse model of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) indicate that in vivo complement activation is necessary for fetal loss caused by aPL antibodies. This study represents an effort to translate these research observations on the potential role of complement activation in the pathogenesis of aPL antibody-mediated pregnancy loss to a clinically relevant human study.

In addition, studies in humans and mice have shown 1) that the balance of circulating angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors predicts preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction in healthy women, 2) circulating antiangiogenic factors cause endothelial dysfunction and abnormal placental development in animal models, and 3) complement activation leads to elevated levels of circulating antiangiogenic factors and complement inhibition prevents increased levels of antiangiogenic factors, placental dysfunction and fetal growth restriction in a mouse model of APS. This study will permit testing the hypothesis that, like in healthy women, the balance of circulating angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors predict complications in women with SLE and APS and to translate the findings in animal models into humans.

The PROMISSE Study is a prospective observational study that will follow 700 pregnant patients who will be grouped and analyzed according to the presence or absence of aPL antibodies and preexisting SLE. The patients are followed regularly during the course of the pregnancy, collecting medical and obstetrical information as well as serial blood specimens for complement and cytokine assays. The data obtained will be analyzed and used to identify mechanisms and predictors of poor fetal outcome. We expect that the insights provided through this study will suggest means to prevent, arrest or modify these conditions.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patient pregnant with live intrauterine pregnancy, as defined by positive test for elevated β-HCG, but ≤ 12 weeks by gestation (for subjects without aPL antibodies) and ≤18 weeks (for subjects with aPL antibodies)
* Patient between the ages of 18-45 and able to give informed consent, or age \< 18 years with parental consent
* Hematocrit \> 26%
* For APL positive:

  * aCL: IgG \>= 40 GPL units; IgM \>= 40 MPL units
  * Positive LAC (RVVT, Kaolin, dilute TTI or PTT LA)
  * Anti-β2GPI: IgG \>= 40 GPL units; IgM \>= 40 MPL units
* For control subjects:

  * At least one successful pregnancy
  * No history of fetal death (death of conceptus ≥ 10 weeks' gestation)
  * No more than 1 miscarriage \< 10 weeks' gestation
  * No history of positive aPL in local lab or positive aPL in core labs at screening
  * Not currently a smoker
  * No medical problems requiring chronic treatment

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diabetes mellitus (Type I and Type II) antedating pregnancy
* Known or suspected hereditary complement deficiency (defined by CH50 = 0)

Primary outcomes:
measure: Otherwise unexplained fetal death occurring after 12 weeks gestation
timeFrame: End of pregnancy
measure: Neonatal death
timeFrame: Time of neonatal death
measure: Preterm delivery prior to 36 weeks' gestation
timeFrame: End of pregnancy
measure: Small for gestational age (SGA) <5th %ile
timeFrame: End of pregnancy
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Gestational age
timeFrame: End of pregnancy
measure: Birth weight
timeFrame: End of pregnancy
measure: Number of days neonate requires positive pressure ventilation
timeFrame: Neonate discharge from hospital
measure: Total number of days neonate is hospitalized
timeFrame: Neonate discharge from hospital
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Chicago
country: United States
facility: Northwestern University
state: Illinois
city: Chicago
country: United States
facility: University of Chicago
state: Illinois
city: Baltimore
country: United States
facility: Johns Hopkins Hospital
state: Maryland
city: New York
country: United States
facility: NYU Langone Medical Center/Hospital for Joint Diseases
state: New York
city: New York
country: United States
facility: Hospital for Special Surgery
state: New York
city: New York
country: United States
facility: Columbia University Medical Center
state: New York
city: Oklahoma City
country: United States
facility: Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
state: Oklahoma
city: Salt Lake City
country: United States
facility: University of Utah Salt Lake City
state: Utah
city: Toronto
country: Canada
facility: Mt. Sinai Hospital
state: Ontario
city: London
country: United Kingdom
facility: Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
Study officials:
affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York
name: Jane E. Salmon, M.D.
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Girardi G, Redecha P, Salmon JE. Heparin prevents antiphospholipid antibody-induced fetal loss by inhibiting complement activation. Nat Med. 2004 Nov;10(11):1222-6. doi: 10.1038/nm1121. Epub 2004 Oct 17.
citation: Girardi G, Berman J, Redecha P, Spruce L, Thurman JM, Kraus D, Hollmann TJ, Casali P, Caroll MC, Wetsel RA, Lambris JD, Holers VM, Salmon JE. Complement C5a receptors and neutrophils mediate fetal injury in the antiphospholipid syndrome. J Clin Invest. 2003 Dec;112(11):1644-54. doi: 10.1172/JCI18817.
citation: Holers VM, Girardi G, Mo L, Guthridge JM, Molina H, Pierangeli SS, Espinola R, Xiaowei LE, Mao D, Vialpando CG, Salmon JE. Complement C3 activation is required for antiphospholipid antibody-induced fetal loss. J Exp Med. 2002 Jan 21;195(2):211-20. doi: 10.1084/jem.200116116.
citation: Lockshin MD, Kim M, Laskin CA, Guerra M, Branch DW, Merrill J, Petri M, Porter TF, Sammaritano L, Stephenson MD, Buyon J, Salmon JE. Prediction of adverse pregnancy outcome by the presence of lupus anticoagulant, but not anticardiolipin antibody, in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Jul;64(7):2311-8. doi: 10.1002/art.34402.
citation: Buyon JP, Kim MY, Guerra MM, Laskin CA, Petri M, Lockshin MD, Sammaritano L, Branch DW, Porter TF, Sawitzke A, Merrill JT, Stephenson MD, Cohn E, Garabet L, Salmon JE. Predictors of Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients With Lupus: A Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Aug 4;163(3):153-63. doi: 10.7326/M14-2235.
citation: Kim MY, Buyon JP, Guerra MM, Rana S, Zhang D, Laskin CA, Petri M, Lockshin MD, Sammaritano LR, Branch DW, Porter TF, Merrill JT, Stephenson MD, Gao Q, Karumanchi SA, Salmon JE. Angiogenic factor imbalance early in pregnancy predicts adverse outcomes in patients with lupus and antiphospholipid antibodies: results of the PROMISSE study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Jan;214(1):108.e1-108.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.09.066. Epub 2015 Sep 29.
citation: Yelnik CM, Laskin CA, Porter TF, Branch DW, Buyon JP, Guerra MM, Lockshin MD, Petri M, Merrill JT, Sammaritano LR, Kim MY, Salmon JE. Lupus anticoagulant is the main predictor of adverse pregnancy outcomes in aPL-positive patients: validation of PROMISSE study results. Lupus Sci Med. 2016 Jan 12;3(1):e000131. doi: 10.1136/lupus-2015-000131. eCollection 2016.
citation: Yelnik CM, Porter TF, Branch DW, Laskin CA, Merrill JT, Guerra MM, Lockshin MD, Buyon JP, Petri M, Sammaritano LR, Stephenson MD, Kim MY, Salmon JE. Brief Report: Changes in Antiphospholipid Antibody Titers During Pregnancy: Effects on Pregnancy Outcomes. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016 Aug;68(8):1964-9. doi: 10.1002/art.39668.
citation: Buyon JP, Kim MY, Guerra MM, Lu S, Reeves E, Petri M, Laskin CA, Lockshin MD, Sammaritano LR, Branch DW, Porter TF, Sawitzke A, Merrill JT, Stephenson MD, Cohn E, Salmon JE. Kidney Outcomes and Risk Factors for Nephritis (Flare/De Novo) in a Multiethnic Cohort of Pregnant Patients with Lupus. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017 Jun 7;12(6):940-946. doi: 10.2215/CJN.11431116. Epub 2017 Apr 11.
citation: Kim MY, Guerra MM, Kaplowitz E, Laskin CA, Petri M, Branch DW, Lockshin MD, Sammaritano LR, Merrill JT, Porter TF, Sawitzke A, Lynch AM, Buyon JP, Salmon JE. Complement activation predicts adverse pregnancy outcome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and/or antiphospholipid antibodies. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 Apr;77(4):549-555. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212224. Epub 2018 Jan 25.
citation: Hong S, Banchereau R, Maslow BL, Guerra MM, Cardenas J, Baisch J, Branch DW, Porter TF, Sawitzke A, Laskin CA, Buyon JP, Merrill J, Sammaritano LR, Petri M, Gatewood E, Cepika AM, Ohouo M, Obermoser G, Anguiano E, Kim TW, Nulsen J, Nehar-Belaid D, Blankenship D, Turner J, Banchereau J, Salmon JE, Pascual V. Longitudinal profiling of human blood transcriptome in healthy and lupus pregnancy. J Exp Med. 2019 May 6;216(5):1154-1169. doi: 10.1084/jem.20190185. Epub 2019 Apr 8.
citation: Kaplowitz ET, Ferguson S, Guerra M, Laskin CA, Buyon JP, Petri M, Lockshin MD, Sammaritano LR, Branch DW, Merrill JT, Katz P, Salmon JE. Contribution of Socioeconomic Status to Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2018 Feb;70(2):230-235. doi: 10.1002/acr.23263. Epub 2017 Dec 29.
citation: Davis-Porada J, Kim MY, Guerra MM, Laskin CA, Petri M, Lockshin MD, Sammaritano LR, Branch DW, Sawitzke A, Merrill JT, Buyon JP, Salmon JE. Low frequency of flares during pregnancy and post-partum in stable lupus patients. Arthritis Res Ther. 2020 Mar 19;22(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s13075-020-2139-9.
citation: Yelnik CM, Lambert M, Drumez E, Le Guern V, Bacri JL, Guerra MM, Laskin CA, Branch DW, Sammaritano LR, Morel N, Guettrot-Imbert G, Launay D, Hachulla E, Hatron PY, Salmon JE, Costedoat-Chalumeau N. Bleeding complications and antithrombotic treatment in 264 pregnancies in antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus. 2018 Sep;27(10):1679-1686. doi: 10.1177/0961203318787032. Epub 2018 Jul 17.
citation: Andrade D, Kim M, Blanco LP, Karumanchi SA, Koo GC, Redecha P, Kirou K, Alvarez AM, Mulla MJ, Crow MK, Abrahams VM, Kaplan MJ, Salmon JE. Interferon-alpha and angiogenic dysregulation in pregnant lupus patients who develop preeclampsia. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015 Apr;67(4):977-87. doi: 10.1002/art.39029.
citation: Michael D Lockshin, Cohn E, Aslam A, Buyon JP, Salmon JE. Sex ratios among children of lupus pregnancies. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Jan;65(1):282. doi: 10.1002/art.37718. No abstract available.
citation: Salmon JE, Heuser C, Triebwasser M, Liszewski MK, Kavanagh D, Roumenina L, Branch DW, Goodship T, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Atkinson JP. Mutations in complement regulatory proteins predispose to preeclampsia: a genetic analysis of the PROMISSE cohort. PLoS Med. 2011 Mar;8(3):e1001013. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001013. Epub 2011 Mar 22.