Clinical trial NCT02219308: Pain Control for Intrauterine Device Placement Using Paracervical Block
Official title: Pain Control for Intrauterine Device Placement: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Paracervical Block
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Pain Due to Intrauterine Contraceptive Device
Keywords: Contraception
Pain
Intrauterine Device
Paracervical Block
Lead sponsor: University of California, San Diego
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2014-08-18
Enrollment: 67
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 45
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Intrauterine device (IUD) placement can be painful for patients during and after the procedure. Fear of pain from IUD insertion can be a barrier to obtaining this highly effective long acting reversible contraception. Currently there are no proven effective methods for reduction of pain during and after placement of modern IUDs. Paracervical block pain may decrease this placement pain.

Detailed description: Modern IUDs are highly effective long acting reversible forms of contraception. The Mirena IUD is 99.8% effective and the Paragard copper IUD is 99.2% effective in preventing pregnancy. Fear of IUD placement can be a barrier to obtaining this highly effective form of birth control. The current standard of care for pain management during and after IUD placement is no medication, as randomized control trials published to date have limited data regarding use of medications to decrease pain. There has been one trial to suggest that the use of naproxen with 1% lidocaine paracervical block (PCB) compared to PCB alone may decrease pain after IUD placement in primarily nulliparous patients. However, this study was with the much wider and no longer available Dalkon Shield IUD. In addition, this study did not show any significant decrease in pain scores during IUD placement. Studies to evaluate effectiveness of ibuprofen and misoprostol have shown no significant decrease in pain scores during and after IUD insertion, although the majority of participants in these studies were multiparous. There is some suggestion that 2% lidocaine gel one minute prior to IUD insertion may have some decrease in pain, although this study was poorly designed.

Although there is no standard of care in regards to pain medication administration prior to IUD placement, providers often suggest paracervical prior IUD insertion among nulliparous women. Therefore the primary aim of this study is to determine whether a paracervical block (PCB) decreases pain associated with intrauterine device (IUD) placement compared to no paracervical block. We hypothesize that administration of a PCB of 20 mL 1% buffered lidocaine prior to IUD placement will decrease pain scores by at least 20mm on a visual analog scale at various time points during IUD placement when compared to no paracervical block.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Nulliparous women
* English or Spanish speaking
* Present for intrauterine device placement for contraception or menorrhagia (in the case of Mirena IUD insertion).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnancy
* Any diagnosed chronic pain issues (i.e. fibromyalgia, endometriosis, dysmenorrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, interstitial cystitis)
* If the patient has taken any pain medications within 6 hours of enrollment, including aspirin or other NSAIDs
* Misoprostol administration within 24 hours of enrollment
* History of prior IUD insertion
* Known contraindications to IUD

Primary outcomes:
measure: Pain With Intrauterine Device (IUD) Placement
timeFrame: Moment of IUD insertion
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Median Pain Scores for All Time Points
timeFrame: Anticipation of procedure through 5 minutes after IUD placement
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: San Diego
country: United States
facility: UCSD
state: California
city: San Diego
country: United States
facility: Planned Parenthood Mission Bay Parker Center
state: California
Study officials:
affiliation: UCSD
name: Sheila Mody, MD MPH
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Allen RH, Bartz D, Grimes DA, Hubacher D, O'Brien P. Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jul 8;(3):CD007373. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007373.pub2.
citation: Cetin A, Cetin M. Effect of deep injections of local anesthetics and basal dilatation of cervix in management of pain during legal abortions. A randomized, controlled study. Contraception. 1997 Aug;56(2):85-7. doi: 10.1016/s0010-7824(97)00096-6.
citation: Edelman AB, Schaefer E, Olson A, Van Houten L, Bednarek P, Leclair C, Jensen JT. Effects of prophylactic misoprostol administration prior to intrauterine device insertion in nulliparous women. Contraception. 2011 Sep;84(3):234-9. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2011.01.016. Epub 2011 Mar 3.
citation: Hubacher D, Reyes V, Lillo S, Zepeda A, Chen PL, Croxatto H. Pain from copper intrauterine device insertion: randomized trial of prophylactic ibuprofen. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Nov;195(5):1272-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.08.022.
citation: Maguire K, Davis A, Rosario Tejeda L, Westhoff C. Intracervical lidocaine gel for intrauterine device insertion: a randomized controlled trial. Contraception. 2012 Sep;86(3):214-9. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.01.005. Epub 2012 Feb 9.
citation: Massey SE, Varady JC, Henzl MR. Pain relief with naproxen following insertion of an intrauterine device. J Reprod Med. 1974 Dec;13(6):226-31. No abstract available.
citation: Mosher WD, Jones J. Use of contraception in the United States: 1982-2008. Vital Health Stat 23. 2010 Aug;(29):1-44.
citation: O'Connell K, Jones HE, Simon M, Saporta V, Paul M, Lichtenberg ES; National Abortion Federation Members. First-trimester surgical abortion practices: a survey of National Abortion Federation members. Contraception. 2009 May;79(5):385-92. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2008.11.005. Epub 2008 Dec 11.
citation: Phair N, Jensen JT, Nichols MD. Paracervical block and elective abortion: the effect on pain of waiting between injection and procedure. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Jun;186(6):1304-7. doi: 10.1067/mob.2002.123734.
citation: Rabin JM, Spitzer M, Dwyer AT, Kaiser IH. Topical anesthesia for gynecologic procedures. Obstet Gynecol. 1989 Jun;73(6):1040-4. doi: 10.1097/00006250-198906000-00027.
citation: Renner RM, Jensen JT, Nichols MD, Edelman A. Pain control in first trimester surgical abortion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Apr 15;2009(2):CD006712. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006712.pub2.
citation: Roche NE, Li D, James D, Fechner A, Tilak V. The effect of perioperative ketorolac on pain control in pregnancy termination. Contraception. 2012 Mar;85(3):299-303. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2011.10.001. Epub 2011 Nov 30.
citation: Wiebe ER, Rawling M. Pain control in abortion. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1995 Jul;50(1):41-6. doi: 10.1016/0020-7292(95)02416-a.
citation: Wiebe ER. Comparison of the efficacy of different local anesthetics and techniques of local anesthesia in therapeutic abortions. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992 Jul;167(1):131-4. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(11)91645-7.
citation: Zieman, Mimi et al. A Pocket Guide to Managing Contraception. The Bridging Gap Foundation. © 2010
citation: Zullo F, Pellicano M, Stigliano CM, Di Carlo C, Fabrizio A, Nappi C. Topical anesthesia for office hysteroscopy. A prospective, randomized study comparing two modalities. J Reprod Med. 1999 Oct;44(10):865-9.
citation: Mody SK, Farala JP, Jimenez B, Nishikawa M, Ngo LL. Paracervical Block for Intrauterine Device Placement Among Nulliparous Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Sep;132(3):575-582. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002790.