Clinical trial NCT01884090: Youth Empowerment Solutions for Positive Youth Development
Official title: Youth Empowerment Solutions for Positive Youth Development (YES) Also Known as Genesee County Afterschool Study (GCAS)
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Violence
Child or Adolescent Antisocial Behavior
Keywords: Empowerment
Youth
Violence
Community
Prevention
Lead sponsor: University of Michigan
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2013-06-21
Enrollment: 418
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 10
Maximum age (years): 15
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: The Youth Empowerment Solutions for Positive Youth Development (YES) Study , is a randomized controlled trial that compares youth in standard after school programs offering activity choice (e.g. sports, academic enrichment, arts) to youth assigned to an after school program that includes training in community development, formation of intergenerational partnerships and experience conducting community improvement projects. The study aims are to: 1) implement and evaluate an empirically developed intervention for empowering youth (YES) using a randomized controlled trial design in a high risk urban and suburban sample; 2) test a conceptual model that posits a causal relationship from youth empowerment processes to positive developmental outcomes; and 3) follow youth over time to assess sustainability of gains in healthy development. Developmental outcomes will be assessed at baseline, curriculum completion and at three and nine months post-intervention.

This study will be referred to as the Genesee County Afterschool Study (GCAS) in recruitment, consents, assents and promotional materials. The study compares different types of after school programs, and we will be randomly assigning students into two groups, 1) the "regular" 21st Century Afterschool programs and 2) the "regular" 21st Century Afterschool programs with the YES supplement. We do not want to bias desirability of the random groups by naming one of the groups to be tested in the study name. Therefore, in documents we will refer to the study as the "Genesee County Afterschool Study (GCAS)."

Study hypotheses:

1. Youth in the YES intervention arm will demonstrate increased intrapersonal, interactional, and behavioral empowerment than youth in the comparison group arm.
2. Youth in the YES intervention arm will demonstrate higher scores on the positive developmental outcome variables, and lower scores on the negative developmental outcome variables, than youth in the comparison group arm.
3. Behavioral empowerment will partially mediate the relations between intrapersonal and interactional empowerment and youth developmental outcomes, such that youth with greater intrapersonal and interactional empowerment skills will demonstrate increased behavioral empowerment, which in turn will result in higher scores on positive developmental outcome variables, and lower scores on negative developmental outcome variables.

Detailed description: YES is a partnership between the University of Michigan School of Public Health, the Flint Community Schools and the Genesee County Intermediate School District. The study will include participants at eight high-need middle schools with 21st Century after school programs.

Researchers have consistently found that participation in out of school programs enhances adolescents' well being and sense of worth, involves them in positive behaviors and helps them avoid involvement in problem behaviors. Although key elements of successful after school programs have been proposed (e.g., adult mentorship), the processes through which youth positive outcomes are achieved have rarely been empirically examined. Empowerment theory provides a unique conceptual framework for developing programs to enhance positive youth development because it incorporates the notion that health promotion requires not only that youth develop specific skills and positive assets, but also that youth become motivated to actively apply these skills and knowledge to become agents of positive change for themselves and in their communities. Thus, programs based on empowerment theory focus on building positive assets, connecting youth with local resources and adult role models, and engaging youth in community service activities. Ecological theory complements empowerment theory because it focuses attention on the social contexts in which youth develop, interactions between these contexts, and the roles youth can play in these contexts (e.g., schools, communities). An intervention approach informed by these two theories should enhance positive youth development by engaging youth in relevant ecological settings where they can learn skills, practice those skills, and establish the social resources to effectively navigate the social contexts in which they find themselves and develop into healthy adults.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Students entering 7th grade
* Students enrolled enrolled in the 21st Century After School Program at eight middle schools in Genesee County, Michigan

Exclusion Criteria:

* None

Primary outcomes:
measure: Intrapersonal Empowerment
timeFrame: 1 year
measure: Interactional Empowerment
timeFrame: 1 year
measure: Behavioral Empowerment
timeFrame: 1 year
Secondary outcomes:
measure: School Bonding
timeFrame: 1 year
measure: Academic Achievement
timeFrame: 1 year
measure: Social Competence
timeFrame: 1 year
measure: Prosocial Activities
timeFrame: 1 year
measure: Antisocial Behavior
timeFrame: 1 year
measure: Substance Use
timeFrame: 1 year
measure: Internalizing Problems
timeFrame: 1 year
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Burton
country: United States
facility: Bentley Schools
state: Michigan
city: Burton
country: United States
facility: Atherton Middle School
state: Michigan
city: Burton
country: United States
facility: Bendle Middle School
state: Michigan
city: Flint
country: United States
facility: Hamady Middle School
state: Michigan
city: Flint
country: United States
facility: Northern High School
state: Michigan
city: Flint
country: United States
facility: Northwestern High School
state: Michigan
city: Flint
country: United States
facility: Kearsley Schools
state: Michigan
city: Flint
country: United States
facility: Carman-Ainsworth Middle School
state: Michigan
city: Genesee
country: United States
facility: Genesee School District
state: Michigan
city: Mount Morris
country: United States
facility: Beecher Middle School
state: Michigan
city: Mount Morris
country: United States
facility: Mt. Morris Junior High
state: Michigan
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Michigan
name: Marc A Zimmerman, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Zimmerman MA, Stewart SE, Morrel-Samuels S, Franzen S, Reischl TM. Youth Empowerment Solutions for Peaceful Communities: combining theory and practice in a community-level violence prevention curriculum. Health Promot Pract. 2011 May;12(3):425-39. doi: 10.1177/1524839909357316. Epub 2010 Nov 8.
citation: Franzen S, Morrel-Samuels S, Reischl TM, Zimmerman MA. Using process evaluation to strengthen intergenerational partnerships in the Youth Empowerment Solutions program. J Prev Interv Community. 2009;37(4):289-301. doi: 10.1080/10852350903196290.
citation: Griffith DM, Allen JO, Zimmerman MA, Morrel-Samuels S, Reischl TM, Cohen SE, Campbell KA. Organizational empowerment in community mobilization to address youth violence. Am J Prev Med. 2008 Mar;34(3 Suppl):S89-99. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.12.015.
citation: Reischl TM, Zimmerman MA, Morrel-Samuels S, Franzen SP, Faulk M, Eisman AB, Roberts E. Youth empowerment solutions for violence prevention. Adolesc Med State Art Rev. 2011 Dec;22(3):581-600, xiii.
citation: Eisman AB, Zimmerman MA, Kruger D, Reischl TM, Miller AL, Franzen SP, Morrel-Samuels S. Psychological Empowerment Among Urban Youth: Measurement Model and Associations with Youth Outcomes. Am J Community Psychol. 2016 Dec;58(3-4):410-421. doi: 10.1002/ajcp.12094. Epub 2016 Oct 6.