Clinical trial NCT00109525: Early Diagnosis of Candidiasis in Premature Infants
Official title: Early Diagnosis of Nosocomial Candidiasis Study
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Infection
Candida
Candidiasis
Infant, Newborn
Infant, Low Birth Weight
Infant, Small for Gestational Age
Infant, Premature
Keywords: NICHD Neonatal Research Network
Fungal Infection
Mycosis
Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW)
Prematurity
Clinical Judgement
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing
Beta-glucan assay
Mass Spectrometry
Lumbar puncture
Lead sponsor: NICHD Neonatal Research Network
Sponsor class: NETWORK
Collaborators: name: National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)
name: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
First posted: 2005-04-29
Enrollment: 1500
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 3
Maximum age (years): 120
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Infants with birth weights ≤1,000 grams

Brief summary: This observational study evaluated the performance of new lab tests in detecting candida species fungal infections in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants quickly and accurately. 19 NICHD Neonatal Research Network sites enrolled 1,500 infants with birth weights ≤1,000g; 100 of these infants later tested positive for candidiasis. Blood, urine, and lumbar puncture samples were collected whenever other specimens were obtained from participants for cultures. These samples are being tested using the new methods and compared with standard culture results. Surviving study subjects completed a neurodevelopmental evaluation at 18-22 months corrected age.

Detailed description: Candida species are a leading cause of infectious mortality in newborns with the incidence rates estimated at 4-18% in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. 20-30% of these infants are likely to die. Because candida can invade virtually all body tissues (eyes, brain, heart, lung, liver, spleen, urinary tract, and joints), survivors of invasive Candida infections are at risk of blindness, developmental delays, and the need for surgical and other corrective procedures.

Time is of the essence in detecting and treating these infections, with infant mortality from candidiasis largely attributed to duration of time for cultures to become positive for Candida. Diagnosis of candidiasis is challenging - blood and urine tests are slow (taking up to 72 hours to complete) and inaccurate in many cases, showing negative results despite overwhelming disease in adults as well as children. These problems are likely made worse in neonates, with smaller amounts of blood available for testing and infections that often spread to tissues inaccessible for testing.

This observational study is evaluating the performance of new lab tests (beta-glucan assays, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry for D-arabinitol, and polymerase chain reaction tests) compared to existing culture tests in detecting candida species fungal infections in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants quickly and accurately.

In this study, 19 NICHD Neonatal Research Network sites enrolled 1,500 infants with birth weights ≤1,000g by 72 hours of life; more than 100 of these infants later tested positive for candidiasis. In the larger cohort, whenever cultures of blood or urine were obtained, or a lumbar puncture was done, additional samples and clinical data were collected. These additional samples are being tested using the new techniques under investigation. No additional blood specimens were taken once participants had a positive blood culture for candida. Note: Test procedure reagents are being provided the Duke University laboratory by Cape Cod Incorporated and Rockeby; the Thrasher Research Fund is also providing support to the Duke University laboratory.

Surviving study subjects completed a neurodevelopmental evaluation at 18-22 months corrected age to evaluate potential early risk factors with long-term outcome.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Infants born ≤1,000g birth weight
* Infants \>72 hours old and less than 120 days old

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prior positive blood culture for Candida
* Evidence of congenital candidiasis
* Parents/legal guardians refuse consent

Primary outcomes:
measure: Probability of invasive candidiasis based on new assay results
timeFrame: Until discharge
measure: Determine test performance of clinical predictive model
timeFrame: Until discharge
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Determine test performance (sensitivity and specificity) of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing
timeFrame: Until discharge
measure: Determine test performance of Beta-glucan assay
timeFrame: Until discharge
measure: Determine test performance of Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry for D-arabinitol of blood samples
timeFrame: Until discharge
measure: Determine test performance of Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry for D-arabinitol of urine samples
timeFrame: Until discharge
measure: Determine test performance of the blood culture
timeFrame: Until discharge
measure: Determine test performance of the lumbar puncture (cell count, protein, glucose, and culture)
timeFrame: Until discharge
measure: Determine test performance of tracheal aspirates
timeFrame: Until discharge
measure: Determine test performance of urine cultures
timeFrame: Until discharge
measure: Compare clinical predictive model performance to neonatologist clinical judgment
timeFrame: Until discharge
measure: Determine incidence of end-organ damage in neonates with candidemia
timeFrame: Until discharge
measure: Determine resistance patterns of organisms isolated
timeFrame: Until discharge
measure: Determine molecular epidemiology of candidemia
timeFrame: Until discharge
measure: Determine genetic expression of organism virulence factors
timeFrame: Until discharge
measure: Neurodevelopmental outcome
timeFrame: 18-22 months corrected age
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Birmingham
country: United States
facility: University of Alabama at Birmingham
state: Alabama
city: Palo Alto
country: United States
facility: Stanford University
state: California
city: San Diego
country: United States
facility: University of California at San Diego
state: California
city: New Haven
country: United States
facility: Yale University
state: Connecticut
city: Miami
country: United States
facility: University of Miami
state: Florida
city: Atlanta
country: United States
facility: Emory University
state: Georgia
city: Indianapolis
country: United States
facility: Indiana University
state: Indiana
city: Iowa City
country: United States
facility: University of Iowa
state: Iowa
city: Boston
country: United States
facility: Tufts Medical Center
state: Massachusetts
city: Detroit
country: United States
facility: Wayne State University
state: Michigan
city: Albuquerque
country: United States
facility: University of New Mexico
state: New Mexico
city: Rochester
country: United States
facility: University of Rochester
state: New York
city: Charlotte
country: United States
facility: Wake Forest University
state: North Carolina
city: Durham
country: United States
facility: RTI International
state: North Carolina
city: Durham
country: United States
facility: Duke University
state: North Carolina
city: Cincinnati
country: United States
facility: Cincinnati Children's Medical Center
state: Ohio
city: Cleveland
country: United States
facility: Case Western Reserve University, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital
state: Ohio
city: Providence
country: United States
facility: Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island
state: Rhode Island
city: Dallas
country: United States
facility: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
state: Texas
city: Houston
country: United States
facility: University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
state: Texas
Study officials:
affiliation: Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island
name: Abbot R. Laptook, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital
name: Michele C. Walsh, MD MS
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Duke University
name: Ronald N. Goldberg, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Emory University
name: Barbara J. Stoll, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Indiana University
name: Brenda B. Poindexter, MD MS
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: RTI International
name: Abhik Das, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Stanford University
name: Krisa P. Van Meurs, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Tufts Medical Center
name: Ivan D. Frantz III, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: University of Alabama at Birmingham
name: Waldemar A. Carlo, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: University of California, San Diego
name: Neil N. Finer, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
name: Kurt Schibler, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: University of Iowa
name: Edward F. Bell, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: University of Miami
name: Shahnaz Duara, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: University of New Mexico
name: Kristi L. Watterberg, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: University of Rochester
name: Dale L. Phelps, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
name: Kathleen A. Kennedy, MD MPH
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
name: Pablo J. Sanchez, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Wake Forest University
name: T. Michael O'Shea, MD MPH
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Wayne State University
name: Seetha Shankaran, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Yale University
name: Richard A. Ehrenkranz, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Benjamin DK Jr, Stoll BJ, Gantz MG, Walsh MC, Sanchez PJ, Das A, Shankaran S, Higgins RD, Auten KJ, Miller NA, Walsh TJ, Laptook AR, Carlo WA, Kennedy KA, Finer NN, Duara S, Schibler K, Chapman RL, Van Meurs KP, Frantz ID 3rd, Phelps DL, Poindexter BB, Bell EF, O'Shea TM, Watterberg KL, Goldberg RN; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Neonatal candidiasis: epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical judgment. Pediatrics. 2010 Oct;126(4):e865-73. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-3412. Epub 2010 Sep 27.
citation: Adams-Chapman I, Bann CM, Das A, Goldberg RN, Stoll BJ, Walsh MC, Sanchez PJ, Higgins RD, Shankaran S, Watterberg KL, Duara S, Miller NA, Heyne RJ, Peralta-Carcelen M, Goldstein RF, Steichen JJ, Bauer CR, Hintz SR, Evans PW, Acarregui MJ, Myers GJ, Vohr BR, Wilson-Costello DE, Pappas A, Vaucher YE, Ehrenkranz RA, McGowan EC, Dillard RG, Fuller J, Benjamin DK Jr; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Neurodevelopmental outcome of extremely low birth weight infants with Candida infection. J Pediatr. 2013 Oct;163(4):961-7.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.04.034. Epub 2013 May 30.
citation: Bliss JM, Wong AY, Bhak G, Laforce-Nesbitt SS, Taylor S, Tan S, Stoll BJ, Higgins RD, Shankaran S, Benjamin DK Jr; Candida Subcommittee of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Candida virulence properties and adverse clinical outcomes in neonatal candidiasis. J Pediatr. 2012 Sep;161(3):441-447.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.02.051. Epub 2012 Apr 14.
citation: Greenberg RG, Benjamin DK Jr, Gantz MG, Cotten CM, Stoll BJ, Walsh MC, Sanchez PJ, Shankaran S, Das A, Higgins RD, Miller NA, Auten KJ, Walsh TJ, Laptook AR, Carlo WA, Kennedy KA, Finer NN, Duara S, Schibler K, Ehrenkranz RA, Van Meurs KP, Frantz ID 3rd, Phelps DL, Poindexter BB, Bell EF, O'Shea TM, Watterberg KL, Goldberg RN, Smith PB; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Empiric antifungal therapy and outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants with invasive candidiasis. J Pediatr. 2012 Aug;161(2):264-9.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.01.053. Epub 2012 Mar 15.
citation: Wynn JL, Tan S, Gantz MG, Das A, Goldberg RN, Adams-Chapman I, Stoll BJ, Shankaran S, Walsh MC, Auten KJ, Miller NA, Sanchez PJ, Higgins RD, Cotten CM, Smith PB, Benjamin DK Jr; NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Outcomes following candiduria in extremely low birth weight infants. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Feb 1;54(3):331-9. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir800. Epub 2011 Dec 5.