Clinical trial NCT00327860: Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Prospective Cohort Study (CKiD)
Official title: Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Prospective Cohort Study (CKiD)
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Conditions: Chronic Kidney Disease
Lead sponsor: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
name: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
name: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
First posted: 2006-05-19
Enrollment: 1300
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 6
Maximum age (years): 22
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: The CKiD Study is a multi-center, prospective cohort study of children, adolescents and young adults with a history of mild to moderate impaired kidney function. The study population consist of four cohorts.

Brief summary: The Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases (DKUHD) of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), in collaboration with the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) funded a cooperative agreement including two Clinical Coordinating Centers (at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and at Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City), a central biochemistry laboratory (at the University of Minnesota) and a Data Coordinating Center (at Johns Hopkins School of Public Health) to conduct a prospective epidemiological study of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Detailed description: Since its inception in 2003, the scientific aims of CKiD have been to determine the risk factors for decline in kidney function and to define how progressive decline in kidney function impacts biomarkers of risk factors for cardiovascular disease; neurocognitive function and behavior; and growth failure and its associated morbidity.

The goals have been extended to understand the impact of childhood CKD on: the risk factors for decline in kidney function in childhood and young adulthood; the development of cardiovascular disease in adolescence and young adulthood; the trajectories of markers of metabolic bone disease and the relationship to cardiovascular endpoints; and the social function, neurocognitive function and emotional well-being of adolescents and young adults and the relationship to successful transfer to adult nephrology care.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age between 1 and 16 years (before 17th birthday) for Cohorts 1 and 2; age between 6 months and 16 years (before 17th birthday) for Cohort 3; age between 16 to 22 years (before 23rd birthday) for Cohort 4 and regularly seen by pediatric nephrologist prior to enrollment
* Estimated (based on SCr) Schwartz GFR between 30 and 90 ml/min\|1.73m2 for Cohort 1 OR an estimated GFR between 45 and 90 ml/min\|1.73m2 based on the updated Schwartz formula for Cohort 2; an estimated GFR ≤60 based on the CKiD Under 25 estimating equation (U25eGFR) OR KRT experience (dialysis or transplant) for Cohort 4
* Willingness and ability to provide informed consent and assent
* For Cohort 3, children with non-glomerular diagnosis and duration of kidney disease less than 5 years will be enrolled.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Solid organ (other than kidney), bone marrow or stem cell transplantation
* Cancer diagnosis and receiving treatment or within 12 months post completion of treatment
* HIV diagnosis and receiving treatment or within 12 months post completion of treatment
* Current pregnancy or pregnancy within past twelve months
* Inability to complete major data collection procedures
* Not fluent in English or Spanish
* Plans to move out of area of any participating CKiD site (families can be transferred to another CKiD site if the family moves)
* Existing moderate to severe congenital structural heart disease
* Genetic syndromes involving the central nervous system (e.g., Downs syndrome)
* History of severe to profound intellectual disability (i.e., Intelligence Quotient (IQ)\<40, significant impairment in adaptive function and/or inability to independently execute self-care skills)
* For cohort 3, children who are expected to receive renal replacement therapy within 6 months of date of enrollment will not be recruited

Primary outcomes:
measure: Time to Kidney Replacement Therapy
timeFrame: Annually up to 5 years
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Decline in Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ml/min
timeFrame: Up to 25 years
measure: Decline in GFR and risk of cardiovascular disease progression
timeFrame: Up to 25 years
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Kansas City
country: United States
facility: Children's Mercy Kansas City
state: Missouri
city: Philadelphia
country: United States
facility: The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
state: Pennsylvania
Study officials:
affiliation: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
name: Susan Furth, MD, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Children's Mercy Kansas City
name: Bradley Warady, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: University of Rochester
name: George Schwartz, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
name: Derek Ng, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: University of Minnesota
name: Jesse Seegmiller, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Thomas E, Klomhaus AM, Laster ML, Furth SL, Warady BA, Salusky IB, Hanudel MR. Associations between anemia and FGF23 in the CKiD study. Pediatr Nephrol. 2024 Mar;39(3):837-847. doi: 10.1007/s00467-023-06160-0. Epub 2023 Sep 26.
citation: Sandokji I, Xu Y, Denburg M, Furth S, Abraham AG, Greenberg JH. Current and Novel Biomarkers of Progression Risk in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease. Nephron. 2024;148(1):1-10. doi: 10.1159/000530918. Epub 2023 May 15.
citation: Ren X, Chen J, Abraham AG, Xu Y, Siewe A, Warady BA, Kimmel PL, Vasan RS, Rhee EP, Furth SL, Coresh J, Denburg M, Rebholz CM; Chronic Kidney Disease Biomarkers Consortium. Plasma Metabolomics of Dietary Intake of Protein-Rich Foods and Kidney Disease Progression in Children. J Ren Nutr. 2024 Mar;34(2):95-104. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2023.10.007. Epub 2023 Nov 8.
citation: Lee AM, Xu Y, Hu J, Xiao R, Hooper SR, Hartung EA, Coresh J, Rhee EP, Vasan RS, Kimmel PL, Warady BA, Furth SL, Denburg MR; CKD Biomarkers Consortium. Longitudinal Plasma Metabolome Patterns and Relation to Kidney Function and Proteinuria in Pediatric CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2024 Jul 1;19(7):837-850. doi: 10.2215/CJN.0000000000000463. Epub 2024 May 6.
citation: Lee AM, Xu Y, Hooper SR, Abraham AG, Hu J, Xiao R, Matheson MB, Brunson C, Rhee EP, Coresh J, Vasan RS, Schrauben S, Kimmel PL, Warady BA, Furth SL, Hartung EA, Denburg MR; CKD Biomarkers Consortium. Circulating Metabolomic Associations with Neurocognitive Outcomes in Pediatric CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2024 Jan 1;19(1):13-25. doi: 10.2215/CJN.0000000000000318. Epub 2023 Oct 23.
citation: Inker LA, Tighiouart H, Adingwupu OM, Ng DK, Estrella MM, Maahs D, Yang W, Froissart M, Mauer M, Kalil R, Torres V, de Borst M, Klintmalm G, Poggio ED, Seegmiller JC, Rossing P, Furth SL, Warady BA, Schwartz GJ, Velez R, Coresh J, Levey AS. Performance of GFR Estimating Equations in Young Adults. Am J Kidney Dis. 2024 Feb;83(2):272-276. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.06.008. Epub 2023 Sep 17. No abstract available.
citation: Jiang K, Greenberg JH, Abraham A, Xu Y, Schelling JR, Feldman HI, Schrauben SJ, Waikar SS, Shlipak MG, Wettersten N, Coca SG, Vasan RS, Gutierrez OM, Ix JH, Warady BA, Kimmel PL, Bonventre JV, Parikh CR, Mitsnefes MM, Denburg MR, Furth S; CKD Biomarkers Consortium. Associations of Biomarkers of Kidney Tubule Health, Injury, and Inflammation with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Children with CKD. Kidney360. 2023 Aug 1;4(8):1039-1047. doi: 10.34067/KID.0000000000000183. Epub 2023 Jun 12.
citation: Furth SL, Cole SR, Moxey-Mims M, Kaskel F, Mak R, Schwartz G, Wong C, Munoz A, Warady BA. Design and methods of the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) prospective cohort study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Sep;1(5):1006-15. doi: 10.2215/CJN.01941205. Epub 2006 Jul 19.
citation: Schwartz GJ, Munoz A, Schneider MF, Mak RH, Kaskel F, Warady BA, Furth SL. New equations to estimate GFR in children with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Mar;20(3):629-37. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2008030287. Epub 2009 Jan 21.
citation: Schwartz GJ, Kwong T, Erway B, Warady B, Sokoll L, Hellerstein S, Dharnidharka V, Furth S, Munoz A. Validation of creatinine assays utilizing HPLC and IDMS traceable standards in sera of children. Pediatr Nephrol. 2009 Jan;24(1):113-9. doi: 10.1007/s00467-008-0957-0. Epub 2008 Sep 4.
citation: Abraham AG, Schwartz GJ, Furth S, Warady BA, Munoz A. Longitudinal formulas to estimate GFR in children with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Nov;4(11):1724-30. doi: 10.2215/CJN.01860309. Epub 2009 Sep 17.
citation: Schwartz GJ, Abraham AG, Furth SL, Warady BA, Munoz A. Optimizing iohexol plasma disappearance curves to measure the glomerular filtration rate in children with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2010 Jan;77(1):65-71. doi: 10.1038/ki.2009.398.
citation: Checkley W, Brower RG, Munoz A; NIH Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network Investigators. Inference for mutually exclusive competing events through a mixture of generalized gamma distributions. Epidemiology. 2010 Jul;21(4):557-65. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181e090ed.
citation: Abraham AG, Munoz A, Furth SL, Warady B, Schwartz GJ. Extracellular volume and glomerular filtration rate in children with chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Apr;6(4):741-7. doi: 10.2215/CJN.08020910. Epub 2011 Mar 24.
citation: Copelovitch L, Warady BA, Furth SL. Insights from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Aug;6(8):2047-53. doi: 10.2215/CJN.10751210. Epub 2011 Jul 22.
citation: Fadrowski JJ, Neu AM, Schwartz GJ, Furth SL. Pediatric GFR estimating equations applied to adolescents in the general population. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Jun;6(6):1427-35. doi: 10.2215/CJN.06460710. Epub 2011 May 12.
citation: Ng DK, Schwartz GJ, Jacobson LP, Palella FJ, Margolick JB, Warady BA, Furth SL, Munoz A. Universal GFR determination based on two time points during plasma iohexol disappearance. Kidney Int. 2011 Aug;80(4):423-30. doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.155. Epub 2011 Jun 8.
citation: Pierce CB, Cox C, Saland JM, Furth SL, Munoz A. Methods for characterizing differences in longitudinal glomerular filtration rate changes between children with glomerular chronic kidney disease and those with nonglomerular chronic kidney disease. Am J Epidemiol. 2011 Sep 1;174(5):604-12. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwr121. Epub 2011 Aug 9.
citation: Schwartz GJ, Schneider MF, Maier PS, Moxey-Mims M, Dharnidharka VR, Warady BA, Furth SL, Munoz A. Improved equations estimating GFR in children with chronic kidney disease using an immunonephelometric determination of cystatin C. Kidney Int. 2012 Aug;82(4):445-53. doi: 10.1038/ki.2012.169.
citation: Wong CJ, Moxey-Mims M, Jerry-Fluker J, Warady BA, Furth SL. CKiD (CKD in children) prospective cohort study: a review of current findings. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012 Dec;60(6):1002-11. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.07.018. Epub 2012 Sep 28.
citation: Wuttke M, Schaefer F, Wong CS, Kottgen A. Genome-wide association studies in nephrology: using known associations for data checks. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015 Feb;65(2):217-22. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.09.019. Epub 2014 Nov 18.
citation: Wuttke M, Wong CS, Wuhl E, Epting D, Luo L, Hoppmann A, Doyon A, Li Y; CKDGen Consortium; Sozeri B, Thurn D, Helmstadter M, Huber TB, Blydt-Hansen TD, Kramer-Zucker A, Mehls O, Melk A, Querfeld U, Furth SL, Warady BA, Schaefer F, Kottgen A. Genetic loci associated with renal function measures and chronic kidney disease in children: the Pediatric Investigation for Genetic Factors Linked with Renal Progression Consortium. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2016 Feb;31(2):262-9. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfv342. Epub 2015 Sep 28.
citation: Woroniecki RP, Ng DK, Limou S, Winkler CA, Reidy KJ, Mitsnefes M, Sampson MG, Wong CS, Warady BA, Furth SL, Kopp JB, Kaskel FJ. Renal and Cardiovascular Morbidities Associated with APOL1 Status among African-American and Non-African-American Children with Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. Front Pediatr. 2016 Nov 17;4:122. doi: 10.3389/fped.2016.00122. eCollection 2016.
citation: Ng DK, Schwartz GJ, Warady BA, Furth SL, Munoz A. Relationships of Measured Iohexol GFR and Estimated GFR With CKD-Related Biomarkers in Children and Adolescents. Am J Kidney Dis. 2017 Sep;70(3):397-405. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.03.019. Epub 2017 May 24.
citation: Schwartz GJ, Wang H, Erway B, Nordin G, Seegmiller J, Lieske JC, Back SE, Miller WG, Eckfeldt JH. Multicenter Laboratory Comparison of Iohexol Measurement. J Appl Lab Med. 2018 Mar;2(5):711-724. doi: 10.1373/jalm.2017.024240.
citation: Wong CS, Kogon AJ, Warady BA, Furth SL, Lantos JD, Wilfond BS. Ethical and Policy Considerations for Genomic Testing in Pediatric Research: The Path Toward Disclosing Individual Research Results. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019 Jun;73(6):837-845. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.01.020. Epub 2019 Mar 14.
citation: Schwartz GJ, Cox C, Seegmiller JC, Maier PS, DiManno D, Furth SL, Warady BA, Munoz A. Recalibration of cystatin C using standardized material in Siemens nephelometers. Pediatr Nephrol. 2020 Feb;35(2):279-285. doi: 10.1007/s00467-019-04389-2. Epub 2019 Nov 3.
citation: Furth S, Warady BA. Biomarkers, Imaging and Patient Reported Outcomes in The Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study. Semin Nephrol. 2021 Sep;41(5):403-404. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2021.09.001. No abstract available.
citation: Verbitsky M, Krishnamurthy S, Krithivasan P, Hughes D, Khan A, Marasa M, Vena N, Khosla P, Zhang J, Lim TY, Glessner JT, Weng C, Shang N, Shen Y, Hripcsak G, Hakonarson H, Ionita-Laza I, Levy B, Kenny EE, Loos RJF, Kiryluk K, Sanna-Cherchi S, Crosslin DR, Furth S, Warady BA, Igo RP Jr, Iyengar SK, Wong CS, Parsa A, Feldman HI, Gharavi AG. Genomic Disorders in CKD across the Lifespan. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2023 Apr 1;34(4):607-618. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2022060725. Epub 2022 Oct 27.
citation: Fino NF, Adingwupu OM, Coresh J, Greene T, Haaland B, Shlipak MG, Costa E Silva VT, Kalil R, Mindikoglu AL, Furth SL, Seegmiller JC, Levey AS, Inker LA. Evaluation of novel candidate filtration markers from a global metabolomic discovery for glomerular filtration rate estimation. Kidney Int. 2024 Mar;105(3):582-592. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.11.007. Epub 2023 Nov 23.
citation: Menon G, Pierce CB, Ng DK; CKiD Study Investigators. Revisiting the Application of an Adult Kidney Failure Risk Prediction Equation to Children With CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2023 Jun;81(6):734-737. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.11.004. Epub 2022 Dec 28. No abstract available.
citation: Ng DK, Matheson MB, Schwartz GJ, Wang FM, Mendley SR, Furth SL, Warady BA; CKiD investigators. Development of an adaptive clinical web-based prediction tool for kidney replacement therapy in children with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2023 Nov;104(5):985-994. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.06.020. Epub 2023 Jun 28.
citation: Ng DK, Patel A, Cox C. Data quality control in longitudinal epidemiologic studies: conditional studentized residuals from linear mixed effects models for outlier detection in the setting of pediatric chronic kidney disease. Ann Epidemiol. 2023 Sep;85:38-44. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.07.005. Epub 2023 Jul 16.
citation: Ward RC, Kogon AJ, Matheson MB, Dawson A, Hooper SR, Molitor S, Wong C, Furth SL, Warady BA, Harshman LA. Psychotropic Medication Usage in Pediatric CKD: Reporting from the CKD in Children Cohort. Kidney360. 2024 Jul 1;5(7):967-973. doi: 10.34067/KID.0000000000000462. Epub 2024 May 13.
citation: Ng DK, Munoz A; CKiD Study Investigators. Assessing bias in GFR estimating equations: improper GFR stratification can yield misleading results. Pediatr Nephrol. 2024 Jul;39(7):2139-2145. doi: 10.1007/s00467-024-06318-4. Epub 2024 Feb 24.
citation: Kula AJ, Xu Y, Hill GD, Furth SL, Warady BA, Ng DK, Seegmiller J, Mitsnefes M; CKiD Study Investigators. Hypertension and Left Ventricular Strain in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease. Hypertension. 2024 Oct;81(10):2181-2188. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.23167. Epub 2024 Aug 28.
citation: Kim HS, Ng DK, Matheson MB, Atkinson MA, Akhtar Y, Warady BA, Furth SL, Ruebner RL. Pubertal luteinizing hormone levels in children with chronic kidney disease and association with change in glomerular filtration rate. Pediatr Nephrol. 2024 May;39(5):1543-1549. doi: 10.1007/s00467-023-06210-7. Epub 2023 Nov 23.
citation: Singh NS, Johnson RJ, Matheson MB, Carlson J, Hooper SR, Warady BA. A longitudinal analysis of the effect of anemia on executive functions in children with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2023 Mar;38(3):829-837. doi: 10.1007/s00467-022-05682-3. Epub 2022 Jul 21.
citation: Kurzinski KL, Xu Y, Ng DK, Furth SL, Schwartz GJ, Warady BA; CKiD Study Investigators. Hyperkalemia in pediatric chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2023 Sep;38(9):3083-3090. doi: 10.1007/s00467-023-05912-2. Epub 2023 Mar 20.
citation: Brown DD, Roem J, Ng DK, Coghlan RF, Johnstone B, Horton W, Furth SL, Warady BA, Melamed ML, Dauber A; CKiD Study Investigators. Associations between collagen X biomarker and linear growth velocity in a pediatric chronic kidney disease cohort. Pediatr Nephrol. 2023 Dec;38(12):4145-4156. doi: 10.1007/s00467-023-06047-0. Epub 2023 Jul 19.
citation: Schwartz GJ, Furth S, Cole SR, Warady B, Munoz A. Glomerular filtration rate via plasma iohexol disappearance: pilot study for chronic kidney disease in children. Kidney Int. 2006 Jun;69(11):2070-7. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000385.
citation: Flynn JT, Mitsnefes M, Pierce C, Cole SR, Parekh RS, Furth SL, Warady BA; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study Group. Blood pressure in children with chronic kidney disease: a report from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study. Hypertension. 2008 Oct;52(4):631-7. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.110635. Epub 2008 Aug 25.
citation: Fadrowski JJ, Pierce CB, Cole SR, Moxey-Mims M, Warady BA, Furth SL. Hemoglobin decline in children with chronic kidney disease: baseline results from the chronic kidney disease in children prospective cohort study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Mar;3(2):457-62. doi: 10.2215/CJN.03020707. Epub 2008 Jan 30.
citation: Wong CS, Pierce CB, Cole SR, Warady BA, Mak RH, Benador NM, Kaskel F, Furth SL, Schwartz GJ; CKiD Investigators. Association of proteinuria with race, cause of chronic kidney disease, and glomerular filtration rate in the chronic kidney disease in children study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Apr;4(4):812-9. doi: 10.2215/CJN.01780408. Epub 2009 Mar 18.
citation: Dodson JL, Cohn SE, Cox C, Hmiel PS, Wood E, Mattoo TK, Warady BA, Furth SL. Urinary incontinence in the CKiD cohort and health related quality of life. J Urol. 2009 Oct;182(4 Suppl):2007-14. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.06.012. Epub 2009 Aug 20.
citation: Saland JM, Pierce CB, Mitsnefes MM, Flynn JT, Goebel J, Kupferman JC, Warady BA, Furth SL; CKiD Investigators. Dyslipidemia in children with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2010 Dec;78(11):1154-63. doi: 10.1038/ki.2010.311. Epub 2010 Aug 25.
citation: Roumelioti ME, Wentz A, Schneider MF, Gerson AC, Hooper S, Benfield M, Warady BA, Furth SL, Unruh ML. Sleep and fatigue symptoms in children and adolescents with CKD: a cross-sectional analysis from the chronic kidney disease in children (CKiD) study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010 Feb;55(2):269-80. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.09.021. Epub 2010 Jan 19.
citation: Mitsnefes M, Flynn J, Cohn S, Samuels J, Blydt-Hansen T, Saland J, Kimball T, Furth S, Warady B; CKiD Study Group. Masked hypertension associates with left ventricular hypertrophy in children with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Jan;21(1):137-44. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2009060609. Epub 2009 Nov 16.
citation: Gerson AC, Wentz A, Abraham AG, Mendley SR, Hooper SR, Butler RW, Gipson DS, Lande MB, Shinnar S, Moxey-Mims MM, Warady BA, Furth SL. Health-related quality of life of children with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease. Pediatrics. 2010 Feb;125(2):e349-57. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-0085. Epub 2010 Jan 18.
citation: Atkinson MA, Pierce CB, Zack RM, Barletta GM, Yadin O, Mentser M, Warady BA, Furth SL. Hemoglobin differences by race in children with CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010 Jun;55(6):1009-17. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.12.040. Epub 2010 Apr 24.
citation: Furth SL, Abraham AG, Jerry-Fluker J, Schwartz GJ, Benfield M, Kaskel F, Wong C, Mak RH, Moxey-Mims M, Warady BA. Metabolic abnormalities, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and GFR decline in children with chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Sep;6(9):2132-40. doi: 10.2215/CJN.07100810. Epub 2011 Aug 12.
citation: Greenbaum LA, Munoz A, Schneider MF, Kaskel FJ, Askenazi DJ, Jenkins R, Hotchkiss H, Moxey-Mims M, Furth SL, Warady BA. The association between abnormal birth history and growth in children with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Jan;6(1):14-21. doi: 10.2215/CJN.08481109. Epub 2010 Oct 28.
citation: Hooper SR, Gerson AC, Butler RW, Gipson DS, Mendley SR, Lande MB, Shinnar S, Wentz A, Matheson M, Cox C, Furth SL, Warady BA. Neurocognitive functioning of children and adolescents with mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Aug;6(8):1824-30. doi: 10.2215/CJN.09751110. Epub 2011 Jul 7.
citation: Lande MB, Gerson AC, Hooper SR, Cox C, Matheson M, Mendley SR, Gipson DS, Wong C, Warady BA, Furth SL, Flynn JT. Casual blood pressure and neurocognitive function in children with chronic kidney disease: a report of the children with chronic kidney disease cohort study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Aug;6(8):1831-7. doi: 10.2215/CJN.00810111. Epub 2011 Jun 23.
citation: Lo MM, Salisbury S, Scherer PE, Furth SL, Warady BA, Mitsnefes MM. Serum adiponectin complexes and cardiovascular risk in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2011 Nov;26(11):2009-17. doi: 10.1007/s00467-011-1906-x. Epub 2011 May 8.
citation: Thomas R, Sanna-Cherchi S, Warady BA, Furth SL, Kaskel FJ, Gharavi AG. HNF1B and PAX2 mutations are a common cause of renal hypodysplasia in the CKiD cohort. Pediatr Nephrol. 2011 Jun;26(6):897-903. doi: 10.1007/s00467-011-1826-9. Epub 2011 Mar 5.
citation: Wilson AC, Schneider MF, Cox C, Greenbaum LA, Saland J, White CT, Furth S, Warady BA, Mitsnefes MM. Prevalence and correlates of multiple cardiovascular risk factors in children with chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Dec;6(12):2759-65. doi: 10.2215/CJN.03010311. Epub 2011 Oct 6.
citation: Atkinson MA, Pierce CB, Fadrowski JJ, Benador NM, White CT, Turman MA, Pan CG, Abraham AG, Warady BA, Furth SL. Association between common iron store markers and hemoglobin in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2012 Dec;27(12):2275-83. doi: 10.1007/s00467-012-2266-x. Epub 2012 Jul 27.
citation: Brady TM, Schneider MF, Flynn JT, Cox C, Samuels J, Saland J, White CT, Furth S, Warady BA, Mitsnefes M. Carotid intima-media thickness in children with CKD: results from the CKiD study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Dec;7(12):1930-7. doi: 10.2215/CJN.03130312. Epub 2012 Sep 13.
citation: Flynn JT, Pierce CB, Miller ER 3rd, Charleston J, Samuels JA, Kupferman J, Furth SL, Warady BA; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study Group. Reliability of resting blood pressure measurement and classification using an oscillometric device in children with chronic kidney disease. J Pediatr. 2012 Mar;160(3):434-440.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.08.071. Epub 2011 Nov 1.
citation: Nehus E, Furth S, Warady B, Mitsnefes M. Correlates of resistin in children with chronic kidney disease: the chronic kidney disease in children cohort. J Pediatr. 2012 Aug;161(2):276-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.01.055. Epub 2012 Mar 14.
citation: Samuels J, Ng D, Flynn JT, Mitsnefes M, Poffenbarger T, Warady BA, Furth S; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study Group. Ambulatory blood pressure patterns in children with chronic kidney disease. Hypertension. 2012 Jul;60(1):43-50. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.189266. Epub 2012 May 14.
citation: Al-Uzri A, Matheson M, Gipson DS, Mendley SR, Hooper SR, Yadin O, Rozansky DJ, Moxey-Mims M, Furth SL, Warady BA, Gerson AC; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study Group. The impact of short stature on health-related quality of life in children with chronic kidney disease. J Pediatr. 2013 Sep;163(3):736-41.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.03.016. Epub 2013 Apr 26.
citation: Fadrowski JJ, Abraham AG, Navas-Acien A, Guallar E, Weaver VM, Furth SL. Blood lead level and measured glomerular filtration rate in children with chronic kidney disease. Environ Health Perspect. 2013 Aug;121(8):965-70. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1205164. Epub 2013 May 21.
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citation: Kim HS, Ng DK, Matheson MB, Atkinson MA, Warady BA, Furth SL, Ruebner RL. Delayed menarche in girls with chronic kidney disease and the association with short stature. Pediatr Nephrol. 2020 Aug;35(8):1471-1475. doi: 10.1007/s00467-020-04559-7. Epub 2020 Apr 27.
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citation: Laster M, Denburg M, Okuda Y, Kumar J, Furth S, Warady B, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Norris K, Salusky IB. Race and Ethnicity Predict Bone Markers and Fracture in Pediatric Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. J Bone Miner Res. 2021 Feb;36(2):298-304. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.4182. Epub 2020 Oct 23.
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citation: Madueme PC, Ng DK, Guju L, Longshore L, Moore V, Jefferies L, Warady BA, Furth S, Mitsnefes M. Aortic dilatation in children with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2020 Jun;35(6):1023-1031. doi: 10.1007/s00467-019-04469-3. Epub 2020 Jan 15.
citation: McLeod DJ, Sebastiao YV, Ching CB, Greenberg JH, Furth SL, Becknell B. Longitudinal kidney injury biomarker trajectories in children with obstructive uropathy. Pediatr Nephrol. 2020 Oct;35(10):1907-1914. doi: 10.1007/s00467-020-04602-7. Epub 2020 May 22.
citation: Ng DK, Antiporta DA, Matheson MB, Munoz A. Nonparametric Assessment of Differences Between Competing Risk Hazard Ratios: Application to Racial Differences in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Progression. Clin Epidemiol. 2020 Jan 20;12:83-93. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S225763. eCollection 2020.
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citation: Jacobson MH, Wu Y, Liu M, Kannan K, Li AJ, Robinson M, Warady BA, Furth S, Trachtman H, Trasande L. Organophosphate pesticides and progression of chronic kidney disease among children: A prospective cohort study. Environ Int. 2021 Oct;155:106597. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106597. Epub 2021 May 2.
citation: Kim HS, Ng DK, Matheson MB, Atkinson MA, Akhtar Y, Warady BA, Furth SL, Ruebner RL. Association of Puberty With Changes in GFR in Children With CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2022 Jan;79(1):131-134. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.05.011. Epub 2021 Jun 24. No abstract available.
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citation: Shah LN, Matheson MB, Furth SL, Schwartz GJ, Warady BA, Wong CJ. Low variability of plant protein intake in the CKiD cohort does not demonstrate changes in estimated GFR nor electrolyte balance. Pediatr Nephrol. 2022 Jul;37(7):1647-1655. doi: 10.1007/s00467-021-05334-y. Epub 2021 Nov 18.
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citation: Bakhoum CY, Katz R, Samuels JA, Al-Rousan T, Furth SL, Ix JH, Garimella PS. Nocturnal Dipping and Left Ventricular Mass Index in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Cohort. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022 Jan;17(1):75-82. doi: 10.2215/CJN.09810721. Epub 2021 Nov 12.
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citation: Schwartz GJ, Roem JL, Hooper SR, Furth SL, Weaver DJ Jr, Warady BA, Schneider MF. Longitudinal changes in uric acid concentration and their relationship with chronic kidney disease progression in children and adolescents. Pediatr Nephrol. 2023 Feb;38(2):489-497. doi: 10.1007/s00467-022-05620-3. Epub 2022 Jun 1.
citation: Bae S, Samuels JA, Flynn JT, Mitsnefes MM, Furth SL, Warady BA, Ng DK; CKiD Study. Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Masked Hypertension Among Children With Chronic Kidney Disease. Hypertension. 2022 Sep;79(9):2105-2113. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18794. Epub 2022 Jul 7.
citation: Brown DD, Carroll M, Ng DK, Levy RV, Greenbaum LA, Kaskel FJ, Furth SL, Warady BA, Melamed ML, Dauber A. Longitudinal Associations between Low Serum Bicarbonate and Linear Growth in Children with CKD. Kidney360. 2022 Feb 9;3(4):666-676. doi: 10.34067/KID.0005402021. eCollection 2022 Apr 28.
citation: Douglas CE, Roem J, Flynn JT, Furth SL, Warady BA, Halbach SM; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study investigators*. Effect of Age on Hypertension Recognition in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Report From the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study. Hypertension. 2023 May;80(5):1048-1056. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20354. Epub 2023 Mar 2.
citation: Bae S, Schwartz GJ, Mendley SR, Warady BA, Furth SL, Munoz A; CKiD Study Investigators. Trajectories of eGFR after kidney transplantation according to trajectories of eGFR prior to kidney replacement therapies in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2023 Dec;38(12):4157-4164. doi: 10.1007/s00467-023-06056-z. Epub 2023 Jun 23.
citation: Carlson J, Gerson AC, Matheson MB, Manne S, Lande M, Harshman L, Johnson RJ, Shinnar S, Kogon AJ, Warady B, Furth S, Hooper S. Longitudinal changes of health-related quality of life in childhood chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2023 Dec;38(12):4127-4136. doi: 10.1007/s00467-023-06069-8. Epub 2023 Jul 10.
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citation: Harshman LA, Ward RC, Matheson MB, Dawson A, Kogon AJ, Lande MB, Molitor SJ, Johnson RJ, Wilson C, Warady BA, Furth SL, Hooper SR. The Impact of Pediatric CKD on Educational and Employment Outcomes. Kidney360. 2023 Oct 1;4(10):1389-1396. doi: 10.34067/KID.0000000000000206. Epub 2023 Jul 7.
citation: Kula AJ, Flynn JT, Prince DK, Furth SL, Warady B, Isakova T, Christenson R, Bansal N. Descriptions and Determinants of N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Pediatric CKD: The Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2023 Dec;82(6):776-778. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.03.020. Epub 2023 Jun 29. No abstract available.