Clinical trial NCT02648204: Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Versus Dulaglutide as add-on to Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes.
Official title: Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Versus Dulaglutide as add-on to Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Lead sponsor: Novo Nordisk A/S
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2016-01-06
Enrollment: 1201
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: This trial is conducted in Asia, Europe and the United States of America (USA). The aim of the trial is to investigate efficacy and safety of semaglutide versus dulaglutide as add-on to metformin in subjects with type 2 diabetes.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria: - Male or female, age at least 18 years at the time of signing informed consent. - HbA1c (glycosylated haemoglobin) 7.0 - 10.5% (53 - 91 mmol/mol) (both inclusive) - Subjects on stable diabetes treatment with metformin (minimum of 1500 mg/day or maximal tolerated dose documented in the patient medical record) for 90 days prior to screening Exclusion Criteria: - Female who is pregnant, breast-feeding or intends to become pregnant or is of child-bearing potential and not using an adequate contraceptive method (adequate contraceptive measures as required by local regulation or practice) - Any condition, which in the investigator's opinion might jeopardise subject's safety or compliance with the protocol - Treatment with any medication for the indication of diabetes or obesity other than stated in the inclusion criteria in a period of 90 days before screening. An exception is short-term insulin treatment for acute illness for a total of equal to or below 14 days - History of pancreatitis (acute or chronic) - Screening calcitonin equal to or above 50 ng/L - Family or personal history of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 or Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma - Renal impairment defined as eGFR (electronic case report form) below 60 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 as per CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) - Subjects presently classified as being in New York Heart Association Class IV - Planned coronary, carotid or peripheral artery revascularisation on the day of screening - Proliferative retinopathy or maculopathy requiring acute treatment - History or presence of malignant neoplasms within the last 5 years (except basal and squamous cell skin cancer and in-situ carcinomas) - Anticipated initiation or change in concomitant medications (for more than 14 consecutive days or on a frequent basis) known to affect weight or glucose metabolism (e.g. orlistat, thyroid hormones, corticosteroids)

Primary outcomes:
measure: Change in HbA1c
timeFrame: Week 0, week 40
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Change in Body Weight (kg)
timeFrame: Week 0, week 40
measure: Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose
timeFrame: Week 0, week 40
measure: Change in Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure
timeFrame: Week 0, week 40
measure: Change in Overall Scores for Patient Reported Outcomes: Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire
timeFrame: Week 0, week 40
measure: HbA1c Below or Equal to 6.5% (48 mmol/Mol) American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Target
timeFrame: After 40 weeks treatment
measure: Change From Baseline in 7-point Self-measured Plasma Glucose (SMPG) Mean Profile
timeFrame: Week 0, week 40
measure: Change From Baseline 7-point Self-measured Plasma Glucose Increment
timeFrame: Week 0, week 40
measure: Change in Fasting Blood Lipids (Total Cholesterol)
timeFrame: Week 0, week 40
measure: Change in Fasting Blood Lipids (Low Density Lipoprotein [LDL] Cholesterol)
timeFrame: Week 0, week 40
measure: Change in Fasting Blood Lipids (High Density Lipoprotein [HDL] Cholesterol)
timeFrame: Week 0, week 40
measure: Change in Fasting Blood Lipids (Triglycerides)
timeFrame: Week 0, week 40
measure: Change in Body Mass Index (BMI)
timeFrame: Week 0, week 40
measure: Change in Waist Circumference
timeFrame: Week 0, week 40
measure: Change in Short Form Health Survey (SF-36v2™)
timeFrame: Week 0, week 40
measure: Subjects Who After 40 Weeks Treatment Achieve (Yes/no) HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/Mol) American Diabetes Association (ADA) Target
timeFrame: After 40 weeks of treatment
measure: Subjects Who After 40 Weeks Treatment Achieve (Yes/no) Weight Loss ≥5%
timeFrame: After 40 weeks treatment
measure: Subjects Who After 40 Weeks Treatment Achieve (Yes/no) Weight Loss ≥10%
timeFrame: After 40 weeks treatment
measure: Subjects Who After 40 Weeks Treatment Achieve (Yes/no) HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/Mol) Without Severe or Blood Glucose (BG) Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemia Episodes and no Weight Gain
timeFrame: After 40 weeks of treatment
measure: Subjects Who After 40 Weeks Treatment Achieve (Yes/no) HbA1c Reduction ≥1%
timeFrame: After 40 weeks of treatment
measure: Subjects Who After 40 Weeks Treatment Achieve (Yes/no) Weight Loss ≥3%
timeFrame: After 40 weeks treatment
measure: Subjects Who After 40 Weeks Treatment Achieve (Yes/no) HbA1c Reduction ≥1% and Weight Loss ≥3%
timeFrame: After 40 weeks treatment
measure: Number of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)
timeFrame: 40 weeks + follow-up of 5 weeks
measure: Number of Treatment Emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemia Episodes
timeFrame: 40 weeks + follow-up of 5 weeks
measure: Treatment Emergent Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes
timeFrame: 40 weeks + follow-up of 5 weeks
measure: Change in Amylase
timeFrame: Week 0, week 40
measure: Change in Lipase
timeFrame: Week 0, week 40
measure: Change in Pulse Rate
timeFrame: Week 0, week 40
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Tuscumbia
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Alabama
city: Chandler
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Arizona
city: Phoenix
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Arizona
city: Phoenix
country: United States
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state: Arizona
city: Anaheim
country: United States
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state: California
city: Buena Park
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: California
city: Carlsbad
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: California
city: Concord
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: California
city: Huntington Park
country: United States
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state: California
city: Lincoln
country: United States
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state: California
city: Los Angeles
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: California
city: Montclair
country: United States
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state: California
city: Poway
country: United States
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state: California
city: Riverside
country: United States
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state: California
city: San Diego
country: United States
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state: California
city: Tustin
country: United States
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state: California
city: Van Nuys
country: United States
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state: California
city: Denver
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Colorado
city: Norwalk
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Connecticut
city: Clearwater
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Florida
city: Clearwater
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Florida
city: Coral Gables
country: United States
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state: Florida
city: Edgewater
country: United States
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state: Florida
city: Fort Lauderdale
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Florida
city: Kissimmee
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Florida
city: Miami
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Florida
city: Orlando
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Florida
city: Orlando
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Florida
city: Pembroke Pines
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Florida
city: Port Orange
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Florida
city: Tampa
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Florida
city: Tampa
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Florida
city: Adairsville
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Georgia
city: Atlanta
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Georgia
city: Bainbridge
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Georgia
city: Conyers
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Georgia
city: Marietta
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Georgia
city: Marietta
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Georgia
city: Suwanee
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Georgia
city: Meridian
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Idaho
city: Addison
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Illinois
city: Chicago
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Illinois
city: Gillespie
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Illinois
city: Gurnee
country: United States
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state: Illinois
city: Peoria
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Illinois
city: Avon
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Indiana
city: Evansville
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Indiana
city: Greenfield
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Indiana
city: Indianapolis
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Indiana
city: Muncie
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Indiana
city: Newton
country: United States
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state: Kansas
city: Park City
country: United States
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state: Kansas
city: Covington
country: United States
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state: Kentucky
city: Louisville
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Kentucky
city: Owensboro
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Kentucky
city: Hyattsville
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Maryland
city: Oxon Hill
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Maryland
city: Methuen
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Massachusetts
city: Rochester
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Michigan
city: Port Gibson
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Mississippi
city: Missoula
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Montana
city: Trenton
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: New Jersey
city: New York
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: New York
city: Garner
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: North Carolina
city: Whiteville
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: North Carolina
city: Winston-Salem
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: North Carolina
city: Cincinnati
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Ohio
city: Dayton
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Ohio
city: Mason
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Ohio
city: Wadsworth
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Ohio
city: Tulsa
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Oklahoma
city: Corvallis
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Oregon
city: Fleetwood
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Pennsylvania
city: Harleysville
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Pennsylvania
city: Philadelphia
country: United States
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state: Pennsylvania
city: Pittsburgh
country: United States
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state: Pennsylvania
city: Pittsburgh
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state: Pennsylvania
city: Greer
country: United States
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state: South Carolina
city: Moncks Corner
country: United States
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state: South Carolina
city: Spartanburg
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: South Carolina
city: Rapid City
country: United States
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state: South Dakota
city: Humboldt
country: United States
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state: Tennessee
city: Arlington
country: United States
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state: Texas
city: Corpus Christi
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Texas
city: Dallas
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Texas
city: Dallas
country: United States
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state: Texas
city: Houston
country: United States
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state: Texas
city: Houston
country: United States
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state: Texas
city: Houston
country: United States
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state: Texas
city: Houston
country: United States
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state: Texas
city: Houston
country: United States
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city: Houston
country: United States
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state: Texas
city: Katy
country: United States
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state: Texas
city: San Antonio
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Texas
city: Sugar Land
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Texas
city: Riverton
country: United States
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state: Utah
city: Saint George
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Utah
city: Spokane
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Washington
city: Walla Walla
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Washington
city: Wenatchee
country: United States
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Washington
city: Blagoevgrad
country: Bulgaria
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Burgas
country: Bulgaria
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Montana
country: Bulgaria
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Sofia
country: Bulgaria
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Stara Zagora
country: Bulgaria
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Karlovac
country: Croatia
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Krapinske Toplice
country: Croatia
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Rijeka
country: Croatia
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Varazdin
country: Croatia
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Virovitica
country: Croatia
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Zagreb
country: Croatia
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Jyväskylä
country: Finland
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Kerava
country: Finland
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Kuusamo
country: Finland
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Raisio
country: Finland
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Tampere
country: Finland
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Turku
country: Finland
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Dresden
country: Germany
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Falkensee
country: Germany
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Friedrichsthal
country: Germany
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Hamburg
country: Germany
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Münster
country: Germany
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Rehlingen-Siersburg
country: Germany
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Saint Ingbert-Oberwürzbach
country: Germany
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Athens
country: Greece
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Athens
country: Greece
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Chalkida, Evia
country: Greece
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Ioannina
country: Greece
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Piraeus
country: Greece
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Thessaloniki
country: Greece
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Thessaloniki
country: Greece
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Thessaloniki
country: Greece
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Shatin, New Territories
country: Hong Kong
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Guntur
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Andhra Pradesh
city: Hyderabad
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Andhra Pradesh
city: Visakhapatnam
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Andhra Pradesh
city: Guwahati
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Assam
city: Ahmedabad
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Gujarat
city: Bangalore
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Karnataka
city: Bangalore
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Karnataka
city: Kochi
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Kerala
city: Kozhikode
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Kerala
city: Indore
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Madhya Pradesh
city: Goa
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Maharashtra
city: Mumbai
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Maharashtra
city: Mumbai
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Maharashtra
city: Pune
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Maharashtra
city: Pune
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Maharashtra
city: Delhi
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: New Delhi
city: New Dehli
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: New Delhi
city: Bhubaneswar
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Orissa
city: Mohali
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Punjab
city: Chennai
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Tamil Nadu
city: Vellore
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Tamil Nadu
city: Kolkata
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: West Bengal
city: Kolkata
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: West Bengal
city: Hyderabad
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Ludhiana
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: New Delhi
country: India
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Dublin
country: Ireland
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Dublin
country: Ireland
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Dublin
country: Ireland
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Galway
country: Ireland
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Gorey
country: Ireland
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Riga
country: Latvia
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Riga
country: Latvia
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Riga
country: Latvia
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Kaunas
country: Lithuania
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Kaunas
country: Lithuania
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Panevezys
country: Lithuania
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Vilnius
country: Lithuania
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Vilnius
country: Lithuania
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Almada
country: Portugal
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Aveiro
country: Portugal
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Lisboa
country: Portugal
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Tomar
country: Portugal
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Viana do Castelo
country: Portugal
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Vila Nova de Gaia
country: Portugal
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Ponce
country: Puerto Rico
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Oradea
country: Romania
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Bihor
city: Tirgu Mures
country: Romania
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
state: Mures
city: Brasov
country: Romania
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Bucharest
country: Romania
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Bucharest
country: Romania
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Buzau
country: Romania
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Galati
country: Romania
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Bratislava
country: Slovakia
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Bratislava
country: Slovakia
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Levice
country: Slovakia
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Piestany
country: Slovakia
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Poprad
country: Slovakia
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Prievidza
country: Slovakia
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Alicante
country: Spain
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: La Roca del Vallés
country: Spain
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Madrid
country: Spain
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Málaga
country: Spain
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Palma de Mallorca
country: Spain
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Palma de Mallorca
country: Spain
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Segovia
country: Spain
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Sevilla
country: Spain
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Vic (Barcelona)
country: Spain
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Bradford-on-Avon
country: United Kingdom
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Northwood
country: United Kingdom
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Romford
country: United Kingdom
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Soham
country: United Kingdom
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Southampton
country: United Kingdom
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Southampton
country: United Kingdom
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Stevenage
country: United Kingdom
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
city: Watford
country: United Kingdom
facility: Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Study officials:
affiliation: Novo Nordisk A/S
name: Global Clinical Registry (GCR, 1452)
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
citation: Rodbard HW, Bellary S, Hramiak I, Seino Y, Silver R, Damgaard LH, Nayak G, Zacho J, Aroda VR. GREATER COMBINED REDUCTIONS IN HbA1C >/=1.0% AND WEIGHT >/=5.0% WITH SEMAGLUTIDE VERSUS COMPARATORS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES. Endocr Pract. 2019 Jun;25(6):589-597. doi: 10.4158/EP-2018-0444. Epub 2019 Mar 13.
citation: Johansen P, Hakan-Bloch J, Liu AR, Bech PG, Persson S, Leiter LA. Cost Effectiveness of Once-Weekly Semaglutide Versus Once-Weekly Dulaglutide in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Canada. Pharmacoecon Open. 2019 Dec;3(4):537-550. doi: 10.1007/s41669-019-0131-6.
citation: Malkin SJP, Russel-Szymczyk M, Psota M, Hlavinkova L, Hunt B. The Management of Type 2 Diabetes with Once-Weekly Semaglutide Versus Dulaglutide: A Long-Term Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Slovakia. Adv Ther. 2019 Aug;36(8):2034-2051. doi: 10.1007/s12325-019-00965-y. Epub 2019 Jun 5.
citation: Pratley RE, Aroda VR, Lingvay I, Ludemann J, Andreassen C, Navarria A, Viljoen A; SUSTAIN 7 investigators. Semaglutide versus dulaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 7): a randomised, open-label, phase 3b trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Apr;6(4):275-286. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30024-X. Epub 2018 Feb 1.
citation: Ahmann AJ, Capehorn M, Charpentier G, Dotta F, Henkel E, Lingvay I, Holst AG, Annett MP, Aroda VR. Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide Versus Exenatide ER in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN 3): A 56-Week, Open-Label, Randomized Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care. 2018 Feb;41(2):258-266. doi: 10.2337/dc17-0417. Epub 2017 Dec 15.
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