louisbrulenaudet/clinical-trials huggingface dataset:
Clinical trial NCT05876143: Ambispective Multicentric Study Evaluating UKA With U-Knee/Uni-Kroma Implants
Official title: Ambispective Open Multicentric Study Evaluating Clinical Results of Unicondylar Knee Arthroplasty Performed With U-Knee/Uni-Kroma Implants
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Conditions: Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Lead sponsor: Societe dEtude, de Recherche et de Fabrication
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2023-05-25
Enrollment: 400
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Male or female adult for whom a unicondylar knee prosthesis is indicated according to U-Knee / Uni-Kroma instructions for use. Patients will be followed according to current practice

Brief summary: This clinical investigation was led as a post-market clinical follow-up study (post-market device development stage).The main objective of this study is to collect short- and medium-term clinical data on the unicondylar knee prosthesis U-Knee / Uni-Kroma, in order to evaluate the performance of these implants.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

- All patients using a U-Knee / Uni-Kroma unicompartmental knee prosthesis and benefiting from the social security affiliation scheme.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who objected to participating in the study and the processing of their data
* Patients unable to understand the surgeon's instructions to complete their questionnaires or perform postoperative follow-up
* Patients who already have a unicompartmental prosthesis on the knee in question that need to be revised.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Survival rate
timeFrame: 5 years
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Survival rate
timeFrame: 12-18 months to 10 years
measure: Functional improvement
timeFrame: From pre-operative to 10 years
measure: Functional improvement
timeFrame: From pre-operative to 10 years
measure: Forgetfulness of prosthesis
timeFrame: From pre-operative to 10 years
measure: Activity
timeFrame: From pre-operative to 10 years
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Pierre-Bénite
country: France
facility: CHU Lyon Sud
Study officials:
References:
Clinical trial NCT00765843: A Trial of Custom Foot Orthoses for the Treatment of Plantar Heel Pain
Official title: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Custom Foot Orthoses for the Treatment of Plantar Heel Pain
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Plantar Fasciitis
Keywords: heel pain
Lead sponsor: Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Wake Forest University Health Sciences
First posted: 2008-10-03
Enrollment: 77
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 75
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: FACTORIAL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: This is a study investigating treatment of plantar fasciitis (heel pain). Physicians commonly prescribe specialized orthoses (shoe inserts) to treat heel pain. This study will evaluate the reduction in heel pain associated with three types of orthoses. It is hypothesized that custom made orthoses will significantly decrease pain and improve foot function in comparison to prefabricated insoles and sham insoles.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

Patients will be included if they present for each of the following:

* Pain at plantar fascial attachment to calcaneal tubercle and/or pain distal from tubercle along plantar fascial band
* Typical post-static dyskinesia. Pain first steps in morning or when getting up after being seated for a period of time
* Patients will be ambulatory with an age range of 18-75 with plantar heel pain present for no more than one year.
* They will not have previous injection within 6 months or currently use prescription custom foot orthoses.
* Patient history, exam, x-rays, and ultrasound will rule out other etiologies of heel pain including proximal or local nerve entrapment, arthritis, bone cyst or tumor, or stress fracture. Since most patients will likely self-treat this condition prior to seeking care, the investigators will allow a washout period (appendix) and acetaminophen rescue analgesia provision.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Proximal musculoskeletal pathology (i.e., knee or hip arthritis, sciatica secondary to back pathology, significant limb length discrepancy.
* Use of gait assistive devices (crutches, canes, walkers).
* Inability to wear supportive closed toed shoes.
* Lack of range motion at the first metatarsophalangeal joint or subtalar joint.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Heel Pain
timeFrame: baseline, one month and three months
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Chicago
country: United States
facility: Advocate Health Care
state: Illinois
city: North Chicago
country: United States
facility: Scholl Foot and Ankle Center
state: Illinois
Study officials:
affiliation: Center for Lower Extremity Ambulatory Research (CLEAR)
name: Adam Fleischer, DPM, MPH
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT00789243: The Effect of Ischaemic-Reperfusion and Ischaemic Preconditioning on the Endogenous Fibrinolysis in Man
Official title: The Effect of Ischaemic-Reperfusion and Ischaemic Preconditioning on the Endogenous Fibrinolysis in Man
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Ischaemic Heart Diseases
Keywords: Ischaemia reperfusion
t-PA
Fibrinolysis
Endothelial function
Local and remote ischaemic preconditioning
Lead sponsor: University of Edinburgh
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: University of Aarhus
name: University of Oxford
First posted: 2008-11-11
Enrollment: 12
Sex: MALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 65
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Primary purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE

Brief summary: Heart attacks are usually caused by a blood clot blocking an artery supplying blood to the heart. Current treatments are designed at relieving this blockage as quickly as possible to minimise damage to the heart muscle. However in restoring the supply of blood local damage known as "ischaemia-reperfusion injury" may occur. The aim of this study is to assess how clot forming and clot dissolving pathways are affected during this process, and examine the role of a natural inflammatory hormone, bradykinin. This will help us to understand the mechanism by which ischaemia-reperfusion injury may occur and to devise new treatments for heart attacks.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy males between 18-65 years of ages, non-smokers.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any concurrent illness or chronic medical condition. Concurrent use of vasoactive medication. Smoking history.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Net t-PA release from the endothelium after ischaemia reperfusion and ischaemic preconditioning
timeFrame: Throughout the study
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Change in forearm blood flow after ischaemia reperfusion and ischaemic preconditioning
timeFrame: throughout the study
measure: Change in platelet-monocyte-binding after ischaemia reperfusion and ischaemic preconditioning
timeFrame: Throughout the study
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Edinburgh
country: United Kingdom
facility: University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent
Study officials:
affiliation: University of Edinburgh
name: David E Newby, PhD, FRCP
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
affiliation: University of Oxford
name: Rajesh K Kharbanda, PhD, FRCP
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
citation: Pedersen CM, Barnes G, Schmidt MR, Botker HE, Kharbanda RK, Newby DE, Cruden NL. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury impairs tissue plasminogen activator release in man. Eur Heart J. 2012 Aug;33(15):1920-7. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr380. Epub 2011 Oct 11.
citation: Pedersen CM, Cruden NL, Schmidt MR, Lau C, Botker HE, Kharbanda RK, Newby DE. Remote ischemic preconditioning prevents systemic platelet activation associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury in humans. J Thromb Haemost. 2011 Feb;9(2):404-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04142.x. No abstract available.
Clinical trial NCT04469543: A Retrospective Cohort Study: Influence of MTHFR C677T and A1298C Polymorphisms on the Survival of Pediatric Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Official title: A Retrospective Cohort Study: Influence of MTHFR C677T and A1298C Polymorphisms on the Survival of Pediatric Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Pediatric Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Keywords: MTHFR C677T polymorphism；A1298C; Pediatric Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma；Survival.
Lead sponsor: Sun Yat-sen University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2020-07-14
Enrollment: 374
Sex: ALL
Maximum age (years): 18
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: RETROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: We reviewed all the medical records of the patients who met the inclusion criteria in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center

Brief summary: The primary purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the influence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T/A1298C polymorphism on the survival of pediatric patients with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) treated with modified NHL-BFM95 protocol in south China.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. aged ≤ 18 years;
2. newly diagnosed as the four main categories of NHL(Burkitt's lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) between 2014 and 2020;
3. treated according to the modified BFM95 protocol.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. aged \> 18 years;
2. not newly diagnosed as the four main categories of NHL between 2014 and 2020;
3. treated according to chemotherapeutic regimens except for the modified BFM95 protocol.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Death
timeFrame: About six years
measure: Events including progression, relapse, and secondary cancer
timeFrame: About six years
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Guangzhou
country: China
facility: Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center
state: Guangdong
Study officials:
References:
Clinical trial NCT00002043: Dapsone 100 Mg Versus 50 as Primary Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) in Patients With AIDS-Related Complex (ARC)
Official title: Dapsone 100 Mg Versus 50 as Primary Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) in Patients With AIDS-Related Complex (ARC)
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carinii
HIV Infections
Keywords: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii
Leukoplakia, Oral
Dapsone
AIDS-Related Complex
Candidiasis, Oral
Lead sponsor: NIH AIDS Clinical Trials Information Service
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2001-08-31
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 12
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: To determine which of 2 doses of dapsone is effective prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients with oral thrush or hairy leukoplakia and less than 400 CD4 lymphocytes per mm3. To determine whether the long-term toxicities associated with daily dapsone in this population are tolerable.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria

The patient must have HIV positive antibody test and presence of oral thrush or hairy leukoplakia.

* Patient must be willing and able to sign informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria

Co-existing Condition:

Patients with the following are excluded:

* Prior Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) or AIDS-defining condition.
* Prophylaxis for PCP in preceding 3 months.
* Absence of detectable glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity.
* Prior type I hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis, urticaria, angioedema) or exfoliative dermatitis during treatment with dapsone.
* History of poor compliance.

Concurrent Medication:

Excluded:

* Zidovudine (AZT).

Patients with the following are excluded:

* Prior Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) or AIDS-defining condition.
* Prophylaxis for PCP in preceding 3 months.
* Absence of detectable glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity.
* Concurrent or prior therapy with zidovudine (AZT).
* Prior type I hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis, urticaria, angioedema) or exfoliative dermatitis during treatment with dapsone.
* History of poor compliance.

Prior Medication:

Excluded:

* Zidovudine (AZT).

Primary outcomes:
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Los Angeles
country: United States
facility: UCLA CARE Ctr
state: California
Study officials:
References:
Clinical trial NCT03844243: Exercise-induced Ischemia and the Influence of Pain Modulation in a Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) Model
Official title: Interaction Between NGF and Exercise-induced Ischemia, and the Influence of the Pain Modulating System in a Prolonged NGF Sensitized Muscle.
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: UNKNOWN
Phase: EARLY_PHASE1
Conditions: Pain Response
Hyperalgesia
Healthy Subjects
Keywords: NGF-induced hyperalgesia
Exercise-induced ischemic pain
Pain modulation
NGF pain model
Lead sponsor: Aalborg University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2019-02-18
Enrollment: 20
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 55
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Primary purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to investigate responses of pain and the maintenance of mechanical muscle hypersensitivity following an acute exercise-induced ischemic condition repeated over time in a prolonged NGF-sensitized muscle. Additionally, the influence of the pain modulating system on prolonged NGF muscle hypersensitivity caused by peripheral mechanisms and central mechanisms will also be investigated.

Detailed description: The hypothesis is that an ischemic conditioning in a NGF-sensitized muscle is able to facilitate pain responses and that over time the pain modulation system is responsible for a subsequent reduction in muscle sensitivity towards mechanical pressure and a decrease in pain intensity following a period of NGF-induced muscle hypersensitivity.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy and pain free volunteers

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnancy
* Drug addiction defined as the use of cannabis, opioids or other drugs
* Previous neurologic, mental illnesses, or psychiatric diseases.
* Past history of chronic pain in the musculoskeletal system (muscle, joint, cartilage, connective tissue)
* Participation in other pain trials throughout the study period
* Lack of ability to cooperate
* Taking any analgesic 24 hours before the injections
* Performing any strenuous leg exercise through out the study period causing sore muscles

Primary outcomes:
measure: Muscle pain sensitivity (PPTs values) assessed by pressure algometer
timeFrame: Change from baseline at 3 week
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Ischemic-induced pain intensity
timeFrame: Assessed right after the exercise has been performed, change from baseline at 3 weeks
measure: Functional muscle pain
timeFrame: Change from baseline at 3 weeks
measure: Conditioning pain modulation (CPM) efficacy
timeFrame: Change from baseline at 3 weeks
measure: Temporal summation of pain
timeFrame: Change from baseline at 3 weeks
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Aalborg
country: Denmark
facility: Aalborg University
Study officials:
affiliation: Aalborg University
name: Line Bay Sørensen, PhD. stud.
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
Clinical trial NCT01006343: Dietary Pork, Appetite and Weight Loss in Human
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Appetite
Weight Loss
Lead sponsor: Purdue University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2009-11-01
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 21
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: The entire study protocol will last 13 weeks. Women will be randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups: high and low protein. All women will consume their unrestricted habitual diet during week 1 while baseline testing and measurements are taken. Starting at week 2, women in both groups will be counseled to consume a 750 kcal/day energy deficit diet containing either the RDA (LP group) or more than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) (HP group) for protein. The energy restriction period will continue for 12 weeks (through study week 13) and is expected to result in body weight reduction of approximately 17 pounds. Testing and measurements will be repeated during week 13.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Eligible women will have a body mass index (BMI: weight (kg)/height (m2)) ranging from 26-36.
* Must be at least 21 years old.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Women with medical conditions that might place them at risk for participating in the study or interfere with the successful completion of the study protocol will be excluded.
* BMI \<26 or \>36.
* Younger than 21 years old.

Primary outcomes:
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: West Lafayette
country: United States
facility: Purdue University
state: Indiana
Study officials:
References:
Clinical trial NCT03120143: Small-sided Ball Game Training and Protein Intake in Older Adults
Official title: Effect of Small-sided Team Sport Training and Protein Intake on Muscle Mass, Physical Function and Markers of Health in Older Untrained Adults
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Physical Activity
Keywords: Small-sided ball games
Aging
Muscle mass
Health
Training
Protein intake
Physical function
Physiological adaptations
Lead sponsor: University of Copenhagen
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Copenhagen Municipality, Denmark
name: Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences
First posted: 2017-04-19
Enrollment: 70
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 65
Standard ages: OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: The effect of small-sided team sport training and protein intake on muscle mass, physical function, and adaptations important for health in untrained older adults was examined. Forty-eight untrained older (72±6 years) men and women were divided into either a team sport group ingesting a drink high in protein (18 g) immediately and 3 h after each training session (TS-HP, n=13), a team sport group ingesting an isocaloric drink with low protein content (3 g; TS-LP, n=18), and a control group continuing their normal activities (CON, n=17).


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* adults aged 65 years or older

Exclusion Criteria:

* severe cardiovascular or neurological disease and participation in regular intense exercise training or sports

Primary outcomes:
measure: Muscle mass
timeFrame: 12 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Physical function
timeFrame: 12 weeks
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
References:
citation: Vorup J, Pedersen MT, Brahe LK, Melcher PS, Alstrom JM, Bangsbo J. Effect of small-sided team sport training and protein intake on muscle mass, physical function and markers of health in older untrained adults: A randomized trial. PLoS One. 2017 Oct 10;12(10):e0186202. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186202. eCollection 2017.
Clinical trial NCT01211743: Oxidative Stress in Standard Laparoscopic vs Single Port Cholecystectomy
Official title: Study of Oxidative Stress in Standard Laparoscopic vs Single Port Cholecystectomy for Uncomplicated Cholelithiasis (Lap vs SILS)
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE4
Conditions: Uncomplicated Cholelithiasis
Cholecystectomy
Laparoscopy
Standard Technique
Single Port Laparoscopy
Keywords: SILS
Oxidative Stress
8-epiPGF2a
SILS vs standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Lead sponsor: G. Hatzikosta General Hospital
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: Demokrition University of Thrace
name: University of Ioannina
First posted: 2010-09-29
Enrollment: 20
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 30
Maximum age (years): 65
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE

Brief summary: Study of Oxidative Stress Markers in order to assess whether there are differences between standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy vs single port cholecystectomy for uncomplicated cholelithiasis


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:Uncomplicated cholelithiasis American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I or II No previous operations in upper abdomen Body mass index (BMI) -

Exclusion Criteria:Cholecystitis ASA \> II BMI\>30 Previous operations in upper abdomen Previous operations in intestine Smokers Alcohol Drugs

-

Primary outcomes:
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Ioannina
country: Greece
facility: G Hatzikosta General Hospital of Ioannina
state: Epirus
Study officials:
References:
citation: Pappas-Gogos G, Tellis CC, Trypsianis G, Tsimogiannis KE, Tsimoyiannis EC, Simopoulos CE, Pitiakoudis M, Tselepis AD. Oxidative stress in multi-port and single-port cholecystectomy. J Surg Res. 2015 Mar;194(1):101-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.09.020. Epub 2014 Sep 28.
Clinical trial NCT06608043: Reborn Lifestyle Adjustment Program
Official title: Reborn Lifestyle Adjustment Program for Breast Cancer Patients
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Conditions: Breast Cancer
Quality of Life
Lead sponsor: Atlas University
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2024-09-23
Enrollment: 60
Sex: FEMALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective: CROSS_SECTIONAL
Sampling method: PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Female patients with breast cancer

Brief summary: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the reborn lifestyle regulation program on physical activity, fatigue level, pain, mental health burden and quality of life in breast cancer patients.


Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Being a female individual aged 18 or older
* Have been diagnosed with Stage I, II, or III breast cancer
* At least 6 months have passed since the completion of chemotherapy
* Approval by an oncologist to participate in the study
* Having internet access and the ability to connect online
* Scoring above 23 on a standardized Mini Mental Status Examination Test
* Being in the contemplation stage according to the Transtheoretical Model

Exclusion Criteria:

* Having a neurological or systemic disease that could significantly affect the course of the intervention
* Having metastasis that could impact the sustainability of the study
* Suffering from neuropathic pain
* Having participated in a healthy lifestyle program within the last 3 months

Primary outcomes:
measure: Breast Cancer Specific Quality of Life Scale
timeFrame: 12 weeks
measure: Modified Borg Scale
timeFrame: 12 weeks
measure: Sit up Test
timeFrame: 12 weeks
measure: Cancer Fatigue Scale
timeFrame: 12 weeks
measure: McGill-Melzack Pain Questionnaire
timeFrame: 12 weeks
measure: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21)
timeFrame: 12 weeks
measure: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
timeFrame: 12 weeks
Secondary outcomes:
measure: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Scale
timeFrame: 12 weeks
measure: University of Rhode Island Scale for Assessing Change
timeFrame: Baseline
measure: Mini Mental Status Examination Test
timeFrame: Baseline
measure: Visual Analog Scale
timeFrame: 12 weeks
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Istanbul
country: Turkey
facility: Istanbul Atlas University
Study officials:
affiliation: Atlas University
name: Sena Ondes, MSc
role: STUDY_CHAIR
References: