Clinical trial NCT02455440: Esmolol Infusion in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy
Official title: Esmolol Reduces Anesthetic Requirements Thereby Facilitating Early Extubation; a Prospective Controlled Study in Patients Undergoing Intracranial Surgery
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: Cerebral Arterial Disease
Cerebral Aneurysm
Keywords: esmolol
anesthetics
Lead sponsor: George Papanicolaou Hospital
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2015-05-27
Enrollment: 50
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 75
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Anesthesia techniques that minimize anesthetic requirements and their effects may be beneficial. Esmolol, a short acting hyperselective β-adrenergic blocker is effective in blunting adrenergic response to several perioperative stimuli and so it might interfere in the effect of the anesthetic drugs on the brain. This study was designed to investigate the effect of esmolol on the consumption of propofol and sevoflurane in patients undergoing craniotomy.

Detailed description: Patients undergoing elective craniotomy for aneurysm clipping or tumor dissection were randomly divided in two groups (four subgroups). Anesthesia was induced with propofol, fentanyl and a single dose of cis-atracurium, followed by continuous infusion of remifentanil and either propofol or sevoflurane. Patients in the esmolol group received 500 mcg/kg of esmolol bolus 10 min before induction of anesthesia, followed by additional 200 mcg/kg/min of esmolol. Monitoring of the depth of anesthesia was also performed using the Bispectral Index-BIS. It was also performed monitoring of the cardiac output in order to evaluate the effect of esmolol on cardiac output.

The inspired concentration of sevoflurane and the infusion rate of propofol were adjusted in order to maintain a BIS value between 40-50.

Intraoperative emergence was detected by the elevation of BIS value, HR or MAP.

It was recorded intraoperative fluctuations of propofol and sevoflurane in both groups. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. Differences in categorical data were evaluated using the student t test.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with ASA physical status 1-3
* Glasgow Coma Scale:15

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with ASA physical status \>3,
* Body Mass Index (BMI) over 30,
* indication for rapid sequence induction,
* any contraindication for receiving b-blocker,
* chronic use of b-blocker,
* Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) \<15,
* history of drug abuse,
* severe mental impairment,
* preoperative aphasia,
* neurologic deficit or preoperatively foreseen delayed extubation.

Primary outcomes:
measure: systolic arterial pressure fluctuation
timeFrame: intraoperative
Secondary outcomes:
measure: extubation time
timeFrame: at time of surgery
measure: Heart rate
timeFrame: intraoperative
measure: effect of esmolol on anesthetic's concentration
timeFrame: intraoperative
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Thessaloniki
country: Greece
facility: George Papanikolaou General Hospital
Study officials:
References:
citation: Wilson ES, McKinlay S, Crawford JM, Robb HM. The influence of esmolol on the dose of propofol required for induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 2004 Feb;59(2):122-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03460.x.
citation: Grillo P, Bruder N, Auquier P, Pellissier D, Gouin F. Esmolol blunts the cerebral blood flow velocity increase during emergence from anesthesia in neurosurgical patients. Anesth Analg. 2003 Apr;96(4):1145-1149. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000055647.54957.77.
citation: Bilotta F, Lam AM, Doronzio A, Cuzzone V, Delfini R, Rosa G. Esmolol blunts postoperative hemodynamic changes after propofol-remifentanil total intravenous fast-track neuroanesthesia for intracranial surgery. J Clin Anesth. 2008 Sep;20(6):426-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2008.04.006.
citation: Asouhidou I, Trikoupi A. Esmolol reduces anesthetic requirements thereby facilitating early extubation; a prospective controlled study in patients undergoing intracranial surgery. BMC Anesthesiol. 2015 Nov 28;15:172. doi: 10.1186/s12871-015-0154-1.