Clinical trial NCT01852266: Evaluating the Safety and Immune Response to a Single Dose of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine in RSV-Seronegative Infants and Children
Official title: A Phase I Study of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Single Dose of the Recombinant Live-Attenuated Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine RSV cps2, Lot RSV#005A, Delivered as Nose Drops to RSV-Seronegative Infants and Children 6 to 24 Months of Age
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE1
Conditions: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
Lead sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Sponsor class: NIH
First posted: 2013-05-13
Enrollment: 50
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 6
Maximum age (years): 24
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of respiratory illness in infants and children. This study will evaluate the safety and immune response to an RSV vaccine in healthy RSV-naïve children.

Detailed description: RSV is the most common viral cause of serious acute lower respiratory illness (LRI) in infants and children under 5 years of age around the world. RSV illness can range from mild upper respiratory tract illness (URI) to severe LRI, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. This study will evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an RSV vaccine in healthy RSV-naïve children.

At study entry, participants will undergo a medical history review, physical examination, blood collection, and a nasal wash. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive the RSV vaccine or placebo at a 2:1 ratio, to be administered as nose drops. Subjects will be actively monitored for 28 days following administration of vaccine or placebo; monitoring will include medical history reviews, clinical assessments, and at some visits, nasal washes. On the days when no study visit is scheduled, study researchers will contact participants' parents or guardians for medical follow-up. At a study visit on Day 56, participants will undergo a medical history review, blood collection, and a nasal wash procedure.

From November through March following each subject's study participation, parents or guardians will report respiratory and/or febrile illnesses on a weekly basis via telephone calls to study researchers. Participants may have additional study visits that may include blood collection and/or nasal wash procedures during this follow-up period.

This protocol is a companion study to P1114; a study being conducted by the Center for Immunization Research (CIR, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore), and the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases (NIAID, Bethesda). The protocols have identical primary and secondary objectives; immunization schedules; evaluation assays and schedules; safety monitoring and reporting. The protocols will vary slightly in site selection requirements, eligibility requirements and site monitoring. These are all operational issues modified to account for the IMPAACT sites' operations and infrastructure.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* At least 6 months to less than 25 months of age at the time of enrollment
* Parents/guardians who demonstrate their understanding of the study (by taking the comprehension assessment), sign the informed consent, and agree to vaccine administration following detailed explanation of the study
* Seronegative for RSV antibody, defined as a serum RSV neutralizing antibody titer less than 1:40 as determined within 42 days prior to enrollment
* Participant's history has been reviewed and participant has undergone a physical examination indicating that s/he is in good health
* In the view of the site investigator, the participant has received routine immunizations appropriate for their age
* Participant is expected to be available for the duration of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known or suspected impairment of immunological functions, including maternal history of positive HIV test
* Receipt of immunosuppressive therapy including systemic corticosteroids within 30 days of study entry. NOTE: Topical steroids, topical antibiotic, and topical antifungal medications are acceptable within 24 hours of enrollment. May be reassessed after symptoms have resolved.
* Bone marrow/solid organ transplant recipients
* Major congenital malformations, including congenital cleft palate, cytogenetic abnormalities, or serious chronic disorders
* Previous immunization with an RSV vaccine or previous receipt of or planned administration of any anti-RSV antibody product
* Previous serious vaccine-associated AE or any anaphylactic reaction
* Known hypersensitivity to any vaccine component
* Lung or heart disease, including any wheezing event or reactive airway disease. Participants with clinically insignificant cardiac abnormalities requiring no treatment may be enrolled. Participants who had one episode of wheezing or received bronchodilator therapy for a single episode of illness in the first year of life but who have not had any additional wheezing episodes or bronchodilator therapy for at least 12 months may also be enrolled.
* Member of a household that includes an immunocompromised individual or infants less than 6 months of age
* Attends day care with infants less than 6 months of age, and whose parent/guardian is unable or unwilling to suspend daycare for 14 days following immunization. Children who attend facilities that separate children by age and minimize opportunities for transmission of virus through direct physical or aerosol contact are acceptable.
* Fever (rectal temperature of greater than or equal to 100.4°F \[38°C\]), or upper respiratory illness (rhinorrhea, cough, or pharyngitis) or nasal congestion (that is significant enough to interfere with successful vaccination), or otitis media
* Has received any killed vaccine or live attenuated rotavirus vaccine within the last 2 weeks, any other live vaccine within the last 4 weeks, or gamma globulin (or other antibody products) within the past 3 months or is scheduled to receive any immunization in the 28 days after enrollment
* Receipt of another investigational vaccine or investigational drug within 28 days of receiving this investigational RSV vaccine
* Has received antibiotics or systemic or nasal steroid therapy or other prescription medications for acute illness within 3 days of study entry. Permitted concomitant medications include nutritional supplements, medications for gastroesophageal reflux, eye drops, and topical medications, including (but not limited to) topical steroids, topical antibiotics, and topical antifungal agents.
* Has received salicylate (aspirin) or salicylate-containing products within the past month
* Infants born at less than 37 weeks gestation and less than 1 year of age

Primary outcomes:
measure: Frequency and severity of vaccine-related solicited adverse events (AEs) that occur during the acute monitoring phase of the study (Days 0-28)
timeFrame: Measured through Day 28
measure: Proportion of participants that develop 4-fold or greater rises in RSV neutralizing antibody titer following vaccination
timeFrame: Measured through study follow-up period, up to 1 year after study entry
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Baltimore
country: United States
facility: Johns Hopkins University, Center for Immunization Research (CIR)
state: Maryland
city: Laurel
country: United States
facility: Johns Hopkins University, Center for Immunization Research South
state: Maryland
Study officials:
affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
name: Ruth A. Karron, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Buchholz UJ, Cunningham CK, Muresan P, Gnanashanmugam D, Sato P, Siberry GK, Rexroad V, Valentine M, Perlowski C, Schappell E, Thumar B, Luongo C, Barr E, Aziz M, Yogev R, Spector SA, Collins PL, McFarland EJ, Karron RA; International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) P1114 Study Team. Live Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine Candidate Containing Stabilized Temperature-Sensitivity Mutations Is Highly Attenuated in RSV-Seronegative Infants and Children. J Infect Dis. 2018 Apr 11;217(9):1338-1346. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy066.