Clinical trial NCT02322762: DISCOVERing Treatment Reality of Type 2 Diabetes in Real World Settings
Official title: DISCOVERing Treatment Reality of Type 2 Diabetes in Real World Settings
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Anti-diabetic management patterns
Lead sponsor: AstraZeneca
Sponsor class: INDUSTRY
First posted: 2014-12-23
Enrollment: 15992
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Observational model: COHORT
Time perspective: PROSPECTIVE
Sampling method: NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE
Study population: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus initiating their second line anti-diabetic therapy after first line anti-diabetic therapy. Participating investigators will belong to primary, secondary or tertiary care clinics or hospitals in proportions trying to resemble the reality of management of this type of patients in each country.

Brief summary: DISCOVER is a Non Interventional Study study to describe the disease management patterns and clinical evolution over three years in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients initiating a second line anti-diabetic treatment.

Detailed description: DISCOVER is a NIS study to describe the disease management patterns and clinical evolution over three years in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients initiating a second line anti-diabetic treatment. This study is a multi-country, multicenter, observational, prospective, longitudinal cohort study. The patients will be recruitted from countries in Latin America, Europe and Asia pac. It is estimated that approximately 13350 patients will be enrolled in total with each patient followed up for 3 years.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Provision of subject informed consent
2. Female or male aged 18 years and over
3. Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus
4. Initiating a second line anti-diabetic therapy, either as add-on, or switching from one monotherapy to another.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus
2. Patient is pregnant
3. Patients initiating a dual therapy after having previously received two different lines of monotherapy before (e.g.: Metformin → SU (Sulphonylureas) → SU+Add-on)
4. Current treatment with chemotherapy, oral or iv steroids
5. Patient is on dialysis or has had a renal transplant
6. The patient is taking insulin as first line treatment
7. The patient is taking dual therapy or a fixed dose combination treatment as first line treatment.
8. The patient is taking herbal remedies / natural medicines as first line treatment
9. Participation in an interventional trial
10. Presence of any condition/circumstance which in the opinion of the investigator could significantly limit the complete follow up of the patient for 3 years (e.g. lifethreatening co-morbidities, tourist, non-native speaker or does not understand the local language where interpreter services are not reliably available, psychiatric disturbances, dementia, alcohol or drug abuse).
11. Not willing to sign the informed consent.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Anti-diabetic treatments prescribed by physicians in a real-world setting.
timeFrame: Up to 3 Years
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Disease control in terms of achieving HbA1c target goals and reducing body weight and blood pressure.
timeFrame: Up to 3 years
measure: Changes in anti-diabetic treatments
timeFrame: Up to 3 years
measure: Disease progression (incidence of microvascular and macrovascular complications).
timeFrame: Up to 3 years
measure: Incidence of hypoglycemic events.
timeFrame: Up to 3 years
measure: Quality of Life, using Patient Reported Outcomes questionnaires.
timeFrame: Up to 3 years
measure: Use of Healthcare resources.
timeFrame: Up to 3 years
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Alger
country: Algeria
facility: Research Site
city: Algiers
country: Algeria
facility: Research Site
city: Batna
country: Algeria
facility: Research Site
city: Blida
country: Algeria
facility: Research Site
city: Constantine
country: Algeria
facility: Research Site
city: Oran
country: Algeria
facility: Research Site
city: Setif
country: Algeria
facility: Research Site
city: Chacabuco
country: Argentina
facility: Research Site
city: Ciudad Autonoma Buenos Aires
country: Argentina
facility: Research Site
city: Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires
country: Argentina
facility: Research Site
city: Cordoba
country: Argentina
facility: Research Site
city: Corrientes
country: Argentina
facility: Research Site
city: Parana
country: Argentina
facility: Research Site
city: Rosario
country: Argentina
facility: Research Site
city: San Miguel de Tucuman
country: Argentina
facility: Research Site
city: Santa Fe
country: Argentina
facility: Research Site
city: Blacktown
country: Australia
facility: Research Site
city: Burwood
country: Australia
facility: Research Site
city: Castle Hill
country: Australia
facility: Research Site
city: Coorparoo
country: Australia
facility: Research Site
city: Corio
country: Australia
facility: Research Site
city: Cowra
country: Australia
facility: Research Site
city: Edmonton
country: Australia
facility: Research Site
city: Forbes
country: Australia
facility: Research Site
city: Garran
country: Australia
facility: Research Site
city: Ipswich
country: Australia
facility: Research Site
city: Melbourne
country: Australia
facility: Research Site
city: Sherwood
country: Australia
facility: Research Site
city: Smithfield
country: Australia
facility: Research Site
city: South Lake
country: Australia
facility: Research Site
city: Feldbach
country: Austria
facility: Research Site
city: Graz
country: Austria
facility: Research Site
city: Innsbruck
country: Austria
facility: Research Site
city: Linz
country: Austria
facility: Research Site
city: Salzburg
country: Austria
facility: Research Site
city: St.Veit im Pongau
country: Austria
facility: Research Site
city: Stankt Stefan Ob Stainz
country: Austria
facility: Research Site
city: Vienna
country: Austria
facility: Research Site
city: Wien
country: Austria
facility: Research Site
city: Bahrain
country: Bahrain
facility: Research Site
city: Belo Horizonte
country: Brazil
facility: Research Site
city: Brasilia
country: Brazil
facility: Research Site
city: Campina Grande do Sul
country: Brazil
facility: Research Site
city: Campinas
country: Brazil
facility: Research Site
city: Curitiba
country: Brazil
facility: Research Site
city: Fortaleza
country: Brazil
facility: Research Site
city: Juiz de Fora
country: Brazil
facility: Research Site
city: Porto Alegre
country: Brazil
facility: Research Site
city: Rio de Janeiro
country: Brazil
facility: Research Site
city: Santa Maria
country: Brazil
facility: Research Site
city: Sao Jose do Rio Preto
country: Brazil
facility: Research Site
city: Sao Jose dos Campos
country: Brazil
facility: Research Site
city: Sao Paulo
country: Brazil
facility: Research Site
city: Beijing
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Changsha
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Chengdu
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Chenzhou
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Chongqing
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Fuzhou
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Guangzhou
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Guiyang
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Hefei
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Kunming
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Lanzhou
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Nanjing
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Panjin
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Shanghai
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Shantou
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Shijiazhuang
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Shiyan
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Suzhou City
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Tianjin
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Urumchi
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Wuhan
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Wuxi
country: China
facility: Research Site
city: Barranquilla
country: Colombia
facility: Research Site
city: Bogota
country: Colombia
facility: Research Site
city: Cali
country: Colombia
facility: Research Site
city: Manizales
country: Colombia
facility: Research Site
city: Medellin
country: Colombia
facility: Research Site
city: Cartago
country: Costa Rica
facility: Research Site
city: Heredia
country: Costa Rica
facility: Research Site
city: San Jose
country: Costa Rica
facility: Research Site
city: Benatky nad Jizerou
country: Czechia
facility: Research Site
city: Beroun
country: Czechia
facility: Research Site
city: Broumov
country: Czechia
facility: Research Site
city: Dolni Brezany
country: Czechia
facility: Research Site
city: Karlovy Vary
country: Czechia
facility: Research Site
city: Krnov
country: Czechia
facility: Research Site
city: Litomerice
country: Czechia
facility: Research Site
city: Nachod
country: Czechia
facility: Research Site
city: Olomouc
country: Czechia
facility: Research Site
city: Ostrava
country: Czechia
facility: Research Site
city: Plzen
country: Czechia
facility: Research Site
city: Praha
country: Czechia
facility: Research Site
city: Uherske Hradiste
country: Czechia
facility: Research Site
city: Ujezd U Brna
country: Czechia
facility: Research Site
city: Alexandria
country: Egypt
facility: Research Site
city: Asyut
country: Egypt
facility: Research Site
city: Cairo
country: Egypt
facility: Research Site
city: Giza
country: Egypt
facility: Research Site
city: Heliopolis
country: Egypt
facility: Research Site
city: Mansoura
country: Egypt
facility: Research Site
city: Minya
country: Egypt
facility: Research Site
city: Tanta
country: Egypt
facility: Research Site
city: Bangalore
country: India
facility: Research Site
city: Chandigarh
country: India
facility: Research Site
city: Chennai
country: India
facility: Research Site
city: Coimbatore
country: India
facility: Research Site
city: Delhi
country: India
facility: Research Site
city: Ghaziabad
country: India
facility: Research Site
city: Gurgaon
country: India
facility: Research Site
city: Hyderabad
country: India
facility: Research Site
city: Indore
country: India
facility: Research Site
city: Jaipur
country: India
facility: Research Site
city: Kanpur
country: India
facility: Research Site
city: Karnal
country: India
facility: Research Site
city: Kolkata
country: India
facility: Research Site
city: Mangalore
country: India
facility: Research Site
city: Mumbai
country: India
facility: Research Site
city: Nagpur
country: India
facility: Research Site
city: Noida
country: India
facility: Research Site
city: Pune
country: India
facility: Research Site
city: Trivandrum
country: India
facility: Research Site
city: Balikpapan
country: Indonesia
facility: Research Site
city: Banda Aceh
country: Indonesia
facility: Research Site
city: Batu
country: Indonesia
facility: Research Site
city: Bekasi Timur
country: Indonesia
facility: Research Site
city: Denpasar
country: Indonesia
facility: Research Site
city: Jakarta
country: Indonesia
facility: Research Site
city: Malang
country: Indonesia
facility: Research Site
city: Manado
country: Indonesia
facility: Research Site
city: Padang
country: Indonesia
facility: Research Site
city: Foggia
country: Italy
facility: Research Site
city: Garbagnate Milanese
country: Italy
facility: Research Site
city: Livorno
country: Italy
facility: Research Site
city: Mariano Comense
country: Italy
facility: Research Site
city: Parma
country: Italy
facility: Research Site
city: Pavia
country: Italy
facility: Research Site
city: Pisa
country: Italy
facility: Research Site
city: Potenza
country: Italy
facility: Research Site
city: Rimini
country: Italy
facility: Research Site
city: Roma
country: Italy
facility: Research Site
city: Sesto San Giovanni
country: Italy
facility: Research Site
city: Amman
country: Jordan
facility: Research Site
city: Az Zarqaa
country: Jordan
facility: Research Site
city: Irbid
country: Jordan
facility: Research Site
city: Bucheon-si
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Research Site
city: Cheonan-si
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Research Site
city: Chuncheon-si
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Research Site
city: Daejeon
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Research Site
city: Goyang-si
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Research Site
city: Gwangmyeong Si
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Research Site
city: Iksan
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Research Site
city: Jeju Special Self-Governing Province
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Research Site
city: Seongnam-si
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Research Site
city: Seoul
country: Korea, Republic of
facility: Research Site
city: Kuwait City
country: Kuwait
facility: Research Site
city: Beirut
country: Lebanon
facility: Research Site
city: Chtoura
country: Lebanon
facility: Research Site
city: Hamra
country: Lebanon
facility: Research Site
city: Jbeil
country: Lebanon
facility: Research Site
city: Mazraat Yachouh
country: Lebanon
facility: Research Site
city: Saida
country: Lebanon
facility: Research Site
city: Tripoli
country: Lebanon
facility: Research Site
city: Tyre
country: Lebanon
facility: Research Site
city: Air Itam
country: Malaysia
facility: Research Site
city: Alor Setar
country: Malaysia
facility: Research Site
city: Ipoh
country: Malaysia
facility: Research Site
city: Johor Bahru
country: Malaysia
facility: Research Site
city: Kelantan
country: Malaysia
facility: Research Site
city: Kuala Krai
country: Malaysia
facility: Research Site
city: Masjid Tanah
country: Malaysia
facility: Research Site
city: Miri
country: Malaysia
facility: Research Site
city: Perak
country: Malaysia
facility: Research Site
city: Sandakan
country: Malaysia
facility: Research Site
city: Seremban
country: Malaysia
facility: Research Site
city: Acapulco de Juarez
country: Mexico
facility: Research Site
city: Aguascalientes
country: Mexico
facility: Research Site
city: Chihuahua
country: Mexico
facility: Research Site
city: Guadalajara
country: Mexico
facility: Research Site
city: Mexico
country: Mexico
facility: Research Site
city: Monterrey
country: Mexico
facility: Research Site
city: San Juan del Rio
country: Mexico
facility: Research Site
city: Tamaulipas
country: Mexico
facility: Research Site
city: Zapopan
country: Mexico
facility: Research Site
city: Almelo
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Alpen Aan Den Rijn
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Amersfoort
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Amsterdam
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: De Bilt
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Den Haag
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Doetinchem
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Dordrecht
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Dorst
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Elst
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Enschede
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Etten-Leur
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Garderen
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Geleen
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Gouda
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Hoogezand
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Katwijk
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Kerkrade
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Kloosterhaar
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Landgraaf
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Luttenberg
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Nijverdal
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Oisterwijk
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Roermond
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Soerendonk
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Steenbergen
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Utrecht
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Vaassen
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Voerendaal
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Wamel
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Zoetermeer
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Zundert
country: Netherlands
facility: Research Site
city: Muscat
country: Oman
facility: Research Site
city: Calle
country: Panama
facility: Research Site
city: Cocle
country: Panama
facility: Research Site
city: Chorzow
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Elblag
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Gdansk
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Katowice
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Krakow
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Lodz
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Lublin
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Parczew
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Rzeszow
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Zabrze
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Zgierz
country: Poland
facility: Research Site
city: Arkhangelsk
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Barnaul
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Moscow
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Nizhniy Novgorod
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Novosibirsk
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Rostov-on-Don
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Sankt Petersburg
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Saratov
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Sestroretsk
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Stavropol
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Yaroslavl
country: Russian Federation
facility: Research Site
city: Abha
country: Saudi Arabia
facility: Research Site
city: Al Jouf
country: Saudi Arabia
facility: Research Site
city: Jeddah
country: Saudi Arabia
facility: Research Site
city: Khamis Mushayt
country: Saudi Arabia
facility: Research Site
city: Riyadh
country: Saudi Arabia
facility: Research Site
city: Alberton
country: South Africa
facility: Research Site
city: Cape Town
country: South Africa
facility: Research Site
city: Durban
country: South Africa
facility: Research Site
city: Johannesburg
country: South Africa
facility: Research Site
city: Lenasia
country: South Africa
facility: Research Site
city: Merebank
country: South Africa
facility: Research Site
city: Midstream
country: South Africa
facility: Research Site
city: Moloto
country: South Africa
facility: Research Site
city: Port Elizabeth
country: South Africa
facility: Research Site
city: Pretoria
country: South Africa
facility: Research Site
city: Umkomaas
country: South Africa
facility: Research Site
city: Barcelona
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Cadiz
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Elche
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Espinardo
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Madrid
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Mostoles
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Salamanca
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Sanlucar de Barrameda
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Segovia
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Sevilla
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Valencia
country: Spain
facility: Research Site
city: Changhua
country: Taiwan
facility: Research Site
city: Kaohsiung
country: Taiwan
facility: Research Site
city: New Taipei City
country: Taiwan
facility: Research Site
city: Taichung City
country: Taiwan
facility: Research Site
city: Taichung
country: Taiwan
facility: Research Site
city: Tainan City
country: Taiwan
facility: Research Site
city: Tainan
country: Taiwan
facility: Research Site
city: Taipei
country: Taiwan
facility: Research Site
city: Gabes
country: Tunisia
facility: Research Site
city: Kairaouane
country: Tunisia
facility: Research Site
city: La Soukra
country: Tunisia
facility: Research Site
city: Mahdia
country: Tunisia
facility: Research Site
city: Mont Fleury
country: Tunisia
facility: Research Site
city: Montfleury
country: Tunisia
facility: Research Site
city: Mutuelleville
country: Tunisia
facility: Research Site
city: Nabeul
country: Tunisia
facility: Research Site
city: Sfax
country: Tunisia
facility: Research Site
city: Sousse
country: Tunisia
facility: Research Site
city: Tunis Belvedere
country: Tunisia
facility: Research Site
city: Tunis
country: Tunisia
facility: Research Site
city: Adana
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Afyonkarahisar
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Antalya
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Canakkale
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Corum
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Denizli
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Diyarbakir
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Duzce
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Elazig
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Gaziantep
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Hatay
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Istanbul
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Izmir
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Karaman
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Kayseri
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Samsun
country: Turkey
facility: Research Site
city: Abu Dhabi
country: United Arab Emirates
facility: Research Site
city: Dubai
country: United Arab Emirates
facility: Research Site
Study officials:
affiliation: AstraZeneca
name: Jesus Medina, PhD
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
affiliation: Peking University People's Hospital, China
name: Linong Ji, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System
name: Bong Soo Cha, Dr.
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Al-Rubeaan K, Banah F, Alruwaily FG, Sheshah E, Alnaqeb D, AlQahtani AM, Ewais D, Al Juhani N, Hassan AH, Youssef AM. Longitudinal assessment of the quality of life and patterns of antidiabetic medication use in patients with type 2 diabetes, Saudi Arabia perspective, DISCOVER study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2023 Jan;39(1):27-35. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2144052. Epub 2022 Nov 28.
citation: Mita T, Katakami N, Takahara M, Kawashima M, Wada F, Akiyama H, Morita N, Kidani Y, Yajima T, Shimomura I, Watada H. Changes in Treatment Satisfaction Over 3 Years in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes After Initiating Second-line Treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Aug 18;107(9):2424-2432. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac420.
citation: Hejjaji V, Gorgojo-Martinez JJ, Tang F, Garnelo JB, Cooper A, Medina J, Mutiozabal MS, Khunti K, Nicolucci A, Shestakova MV, Ji L, Gomes MB, Watada H, Vora J, Malik AO, Kosiborod M, Arnold SV. Factors associated with weight loss in people with overweight or obesity living with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Insights from the global DISCOVER study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022 Sep;24(9):1734-1740. doi: 10.1111/dom.14745. Epub 2022 May 25.
citation: Khunti K, Gomes MB, Kosiborod M, Nicolucci A, Pocock S, Rathmann W, Shestakova MV, Shimomura I, Watada H, Chen H, Cid-Ruzafa J, Fenici P, Hammar N, Tang F, Ji L; DISCOVER Scientific Committee and all DISCOVER investigators. Metformin discontinuation in patients beginning second-line glucose-lowering therapy: results from the global observational DISCOVER study programme. BMJ Open. 2020 Aug 30;10(8):e034613. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034613.
citation: Wang JS, Chen H, Tang F, Sheu WH. Associations of fear of hypoglycemia with second-line use of insulin secretagogues or insulin and subsequent glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: An analysis using data from the DISCOVER study. Int J Clin Pract. 2020 Jun;74(6):e13485. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13485. Epub 2020 Feb 11.
citation: Khunti K, Chen H, Cid-Ruzafa J, Fenici P, Gomes MB, Hammar N, Ji L, Kosiborod M, Pocock S, Shestakova MV, Shimomura I, Tang F, Watada H, Nicolucci A; DISCOVER investigators. Glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes initiating second-line therapy: Results from the global DISCOVER study programme. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020 Jan;22(1):66-78. doi: 10.1111/dom.13866. Epub 2019 Oct 1.
citation: Nicolucci A, Charbonnel B, Gomes MB, Khunti K, Kosiborod M, Shestakova MV, Shimomura I, Watada H, Chen H, Cid-Ruzafa J, Fenici P, Hammar N, Surmont F, Tang F, Pocock S. Treatment patterns and associated factors in 14 668 people with type 2 diabetes initiating a second-line therapy: Results from the global DISCOVER study programme. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019 Nov;21(11):2474-2485. doi: 10.1111/dom.13830. Epub 2019 Aug 5.
citation: Khunti K, Ji L, Medina J, Surmont F, Kosiborod M. Type 2 diabetes treatment and outcomes worldwide: A short review of the DISCOVER study programme. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019 Nov;21(11):2349-2353. doi: 10.1111/dom.13817. Epub 2019 Jul 14.
citation: Kosiborod M, Gomes MB, Nicolucci A, Pocock S, Rathmann W, Shestakova MV, Watada H, Shimomura I, Chen H, Cid-Ruzafa J, Fenici P, Hammar N, Surmont F, Tang F, Khunti K; DISCOVER investigators. Vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: prevalence and associated factors in 38 countries (the DISCOVER study program). Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018 Nov 28;17(1):150. doi: 10.1186/s12933-018-0787-8.