Clinical trial NCT01347801: Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in Critical Illness: Role of Systemic Inflammation and GLP-1
Official title: Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in Critical Illness: Role of Systemic Inflammation and GLP-1
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Hypoglycaemia
Keywords: GLP-1
Inflammation
Glucose
Lead sponsor: Rigshospitalet, Denmark
Sponsor class: OTHER
Collaborators: name: University of Copenhagen
name: Novo Nordisk A/S
First posted: 2011-05-04
Enrollment: 40
Sex: MALE
Minimum age (years): 18
Maximum age (years): 40
Standard ages: ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Primary purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE

Brief summary: The purpose of this study is to determine the role of inflammation and the insulin regulating hormone GLP-1 during critical illness.

Detailed description: Critically ill patients often exhibit hyperglycaemia. Although the cause of this hyperglycaemia is probably multifactorial, peripheral insulin resistance is a major contributor, similar to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). There are several similarities between critical illness and T2D, including the presence of systemic inflammation and increased plasma free fatty acids (FFA), all of which may induce insulin resistance in healthy volunteers. In critical illness, elevated catecholamines, cortisol, growth hormone and glucagon may also contribute to insulin resistance.

The degree of hyperglycaemia correlates with mortality in ICU patients. van den Berghe et al. found that IV infusion of insulin to obtain strict normoglycaemia reduced mortality as well as morbidity in critically ill surgical patients and in some medical ICU patients.

However, insulin increases the risk of hypoglycaemia; this is a major obstacle to strict euglycaemia in ICU patients and may explain the inability of others to reproduce the benefits reported by van den Berghe et al. Thus, alternatives to insulin for controlling plasma glucose (PG) in ICU patients are warranted.

Aim:

To study the role of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 for glycaemic, metabolic, hormonal and inflammatory profile in

* critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and
* healthy volunteers exposed to a standardised systemic inflammation

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria healthy subjects:

* Healthy (assessed by medical history and clinical examination)
* Age 18-40years
* BMI \< 30kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria healthy subjects:

* Previous resection of the small intestine (not including the appendix)
* presence of any inflammatory illness during the fortnight preceding the study

Inclusion Criteria critically ill patients:

* Age\>18 years
* HbA1C\<6,5%
* Admission to the ICU within the last 72 hours

Primary outcomes:
measure: Substudy 2C (12 Healthy volunteers): GLP-1
timeFrame: 6 weeks after intervention
measure: Substudy 2A (12 Healthy volunteers): Insulin, C-peptide and incretin hormone response
timeFrame: 6 weeks after intervention
measure: Substudy 1C(8 patients, 8 healthy controls): Insulin, C-peptide and incretin hormone response
timeFrame: 6 weeks after intervention
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Substudy 2C (12 Healthy volunteers): Clamp
timeFrame: 6 weeks after intervention
measure: Substudy 2A (12 Healthy volunteers): The incretin effect
timeFrame: 6 weeks after intervention
measure: Substudy 1C (8 patients, 8 healthy controls): The incretin effect
timeFrame: 6 weeks after intervention
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Copenhagen
country: Denmark
facility: Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism - Rigshospitalet 7641
city: Copenhagen
country: Denmark
facility: University of Copenhagen
Study officials:
affiliation: Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism
name: Kirsten Møller, MD, Ph.D., DMSc
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: McCowen KC, Malhotra A, Bistrian BR. Stress-induced hyperglycemia. Crit Care Clin. 2001 Jan;17(1):107-24. doi: 10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70154-8.
citation: Mizock BA. Alterations in fuel metabolism in critical illness: hyperglycaemia. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Dec;15(4):533-51. doi: 10.1053/beem.2001.0168.
citation: Rusavy Z, Sramek V, Lacigova S, Novak I, Tesinsky P, Macdonald IA. Influence of insulin on glucose metabolism and energy expenditure in septic patients. Crit Care. 2004 Aug;8(4):R213-20. doi: 10.1186/cc2868. Epub 2004 May 26.
citation: Beal AL, Cerra FB. Multiple organ failure syndrome in the 1990s. Systemic inflammatory response and organ dysfunction. JAMA. 1994 Jan 19;271(3):226-33.
citation: Schmidt MI, Duncan BB, Sharrett AR, Lindberg G, Savage PJ, Offenbacher S, Azambuja MI, Tracy RP, Heiss G. Markers of inflammation and prediction of diabetes mellitus in adults (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study): a cohort study. Lancet. 1999 May 15;353(9165):1649-52. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(99)01046-6.
citation: Wolfe RR, Martini WZ. Changes in intermediary metabolism in severe surgical illness. World J Surg. 2000 Jun;24(6):639-47. doi: 10.1007/s002689910105.
citation: Boden G, Shulman GI. Free fatty acids in obesity and type 2 diabetes: defining their role in the development of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. Eur J Clin Invest. 2002 Jun;32 Suppl 3:14-23. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.32.s3.3.x.
citation: Thijs LG, Hack CE. Time course of cytokine levels in sepsis. Intensive Care Med. 1995 Nov;21 Suppl 2:S258-63. doi: 10.1007/BF01740764.
citation: Krogh-Madsen R, Plomgaard P, Moller K, Mittendorfer B, Pedersen BK. Influence of TNF-alpha and IL-6 infusions on insulin sensitivity and expression of IL-18 in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jul;291(1):E108-14. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00471.2005. Epub 2006 Feb 7.
citation: Roden M, Price TB, Perseghin G, Petersen KF, Rothman DL, Cline GW, Shulman GI. Mechanism of free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in humans. J Clin Invest. 1996 Jun 15;97(12):2859-65. doi: 10.1172/JCI118742.
citation: Voerman BJ, Strack van Schijndel RJ, Groeneveld AB, de Boer H, Nauta JP, Thijs LG. Effects of human growth hormone in critically ill nonseptic patients: results from a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Crit Care Med. 1995 Apr;23(4):665-73. doi: 10.1097/00003246-199504000-00014.
citation: Finney SJ, Zekveld C, Elia A, Evans TW. Glucose control and mortality in critically ill patients. JAMA. 2003 Oct 15;290(15):2041-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.290.15.2041.
citation: van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, Verwaest C, Bruyninckx F, Schetz M, Vlasselaers D, Ferdinande P, Lauwers P, Bouillon R. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 8;345(19):1359-67. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa011300.
citation: Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Hermans G, Meersseman W, Wouters PJ, Milants I, Van Wijngaerden E, Bobbaers H, Bouillon R. Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU. N Engl J Med. 2006 Feb 2;354(5):449-61. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa052521.
citation: Brunkhorst FM, Engel C, Bloos F, Meier-Hellmann A, Ragaller M, Weiler N, Moerer O, Gruendling M, Oppert M, Grond S, Olthoff D, Jaschinski U, John S, Rossaint R, Welte T, Schaefer M, Kern P, Kuhnt E, Kiehntopf M, Hartog C, Natanson C, Loeffler M, Reinhart K; German Competence Network Sepsis (SepNet). Intensive insulin therapy and pentastarch resuscitation in severe sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jan 10;358(2):125-39. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa070716.
citation: Cryer PE. Hypoglycaemia: the limiting factor in the glycaemic management of the critically ill? Diabetologia. 2006 Aug;49(8):1722-5. doi: 10.1007/s00125-006-0306-4. No abstract available.
citation: NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators; Finfer S, Chittock DR, Su SY, Blair D, Foster D, Dhingra V, Bellomo R, Cook D, Dodek P, Henderson WR, Hebert PC, Heritier S, Heyland DK, McArthur C, McDonald E, Mitchell I, Myburgh JA, Norton R, Potter J, Robinson BG, Ronco JJ. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2009 Mar 26;360(13):1283-97. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0810625. Epub 2009 Mar 24.
citation: Holst JJ, Gromada J. Role of incretin hormones in the regulation of insulin secretion in diabetic and nondiabetic humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Aug;287(2):E199-206. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00545.2003.
citation: Kolligs F, Fehmann HC, Goke R, Goke B. Reduction of the incretin effect in rats by the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor antagonist exendin (9-39) amide. Diabetes. 1995 Jan;44(1):16-9. doi: 10.2337/diab.44.1.16.
citation: Holst JJ. The physiology of glucagon-like peptide 1. Physiol Rev. 2007 Oct;87(4):1409-39. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2006.
citation: Orskov C, Holst JJ, Nielsen OV. Effect of truncated glucagon-like peptide-1 [proglucagon-(78-107) amide] on endocrine secretion from pig pancreas, antrum, and nonantral stomach. Endocrinology. 1988 Oct;123(4):2009-13. doi: 10.1210/endo-123-4-2009.
citation: Creutzfeldt WO, Kleine N, Willms B, Orskov C, Holst JJ, Nauck MA. Glucagonostatic actions and reduction of fasting hyperglycemia by exogenous glucagon-like peptide I(7-36) amide in type I diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 1996 Jun;19(6):580-6. doi: 10.2337/diacare.19.6.580.
citation: Willms B, Idowu K, Holst JJ, Creutzfeldt W, Nauck MA. Overnight GLP-1 normalizes fasting but not daytime plasma glucose levels in NIDDM patients. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 1998;106(2):103-7. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1211959.
citation: Nauck M, Stockmann F, Ebert R, Creutzfeldt W. Reduced incretin effect in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. Diabetologia. 1986 Jan;29(1):46-52. doi: 10.1007/BF02427280.
citation: Nauck MA, Heimesaat MM, Orskov C, Holst JJ, Ebert R, Creutzfeldt W. Preserved incretin activity of glucagon-like peptide 1 [7-36 amide] but not of synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 1993 Jan;91(1):301-7. doi: 10.1172/JCI116186.
citation: Vilsboll T, Krarup T, Deacon CF, Madsbad S, Holst JJ. Reduced postprandial concentrations of intact biologically active glucagon-like peptide 1 in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes. 2001 Mar;50(3):609-13. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.50.3.609.
citation: Vilsboll T, Toft-Nielsen MB, Krarup T, Madsbad S, Dinesen B, Holst JJ. Evaluation of beta-cell secretory capacity using glucagon-like peptide 1. Diabetes Care. 2000 Jun;23(6):807-12. doi: 10.2337/diacare.23.6.807.
citation: Knop FK, Vilsboll T, Larsen S, Madsbad S, Holst JJ, Krarup T. No hypoglycemia after subcutaneous administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 in lean type 2 diabetic patients and in patients with diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis. Diabetes Care. 2003 Sep;26(9):2581-7. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.9.2581.
citation: Meier JJ, Weyhe D, Michaely M, Senkal M, Zumtobel V, Nauck MA, Holst JJ, Schmidt WE, Gallwitz B. Intravenous glucagon-like peptide 1 normalizes blood glucose after major surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes. Crit Care Med. 2004 Mar;32(3):848-51. doi: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000114811.60629.b5.
citation: Sokos GG, Bolukoglu H, German J, Hentosz T, Magovern GJ Jr, Maher TD, Dean DA, Bailey SH, Marrone G, Benckart DH, Elahi D, Shannon RP. Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on glycemic control and left ventricular function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol. 2007 Sep 1;100(5):824-9. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.05.022. Epub 2007 Jun 14.
citation: Deane AM, Summers MJ, Zaknic AV, Chapman MJ, Fraser RJ, Di Bartolomeo AE, Wishart JM, Horowitz M. Exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 attenuates the glycaemic response to postpyloric nutrient infusion in critically ill patients with type-2 diabetes. Crit Care. 2011;15(1):R35. doi: 10.1186/cc9983. Epub 2011 Jan 21.
citation: Deane AM, Chapman MJ, Fraser RJ, Summers MJ, Zaknic AV, Storey JP, Jones KL, Rayner CK, Horowitz M. Effects of exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 on gastric emptying and glucose absorption in the critically ill: relationship to glycemia. Crit Care Med. 2010 May;38(5):1261-9. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181d9d87a.
citation: Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, Dellinger RP, Fein AM, Knaus WA, Schein RM, Sibbald WJ. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest. 1992 Jun;101(6):1644-55. doi: 10.1378/chest.101.6.1644.
citation: Rosenvinge A, Krogh-Madsen R, Baslund B, Pedersen BK. Insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: effect of anti-TNFalpha therapy. Scand J Rheumatol. 2007 Mar-Apr;36(2):91-6. doi: 10.1080/03009740601179605.
citation: Nielsen ST, Janum S, Krogh-Madsen R, Solomon TP, Moller K. The incretin effect in critically ill patients: a case-control study. Crit Care. 2015 Nov 16;19:402. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-1118-z.
citation: Lehrskov-Schmidt L, Lehrskov-Schmidt L, Nielsen ST, Holst JJ, Moller K, Solomon TP. The effects of TNF-alpha on GLP-1-stimulated plasma glucose kinetics. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Apr;100(4):E616-22. doi: 10.1210/jc.2014-4244. Epub 2015 Feb 12.