Clinical trial NCT01814891: Determination of Changes in Total Body Stores of Vitamin A in Response to Orange Maize Consumption by Zambian Children
Official title: Determination of Changes in Total Body Stores of Vitamin A in Response to Orange Maize Consumption by Zambian Children
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: NA
Conditions: Vitamin A Status With Maize Feeding
Keywords: vitamin A
maize
total body reserves
Condition is vitamin A status.
Focus: change in vitamin A status with maize feeding.
Focus: feeding orange maize to children for 90 days.
Focus: total body reserves of vitamin A.
Lead sponsor: University of Wisconsin, Madison
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2013-03-20
Enrollment: 143
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 57
Maximum age (years): 88
Standard ages: CHILD
Accepts healthy volunteers: yes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE

Brief summary: Determination of liver stores of vitamin A will be determined before and after consumption of high pro-vitamin A orange maize, compared to low provitamin A white maize.

Detailed description: This study will determine the change in total body stores of vitamin A in response to feeding orange maize for 90 days. This will be compared to two other groups of children that are fed white maize, one of which will get a vitamin A supplement at the estimated average requirement.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Children aged 57-88 months at the time of initiation of the study
2. Children living in the locality defined by the study and not enrolled in school.
3. Consent from parent/guardian.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Severely malnourished children (weight for age or height z-scores \<-3 standard deviations below the WHO growth reference standards)
2. Children found to be below 57 months and still holding an under five card or above 88 months at the time of initiation of the study or enrolled in school, based on verification of birth dates at screening
3. Children whose families plan to leave the study area before completion of the study
4. Consent not obtained from parent/guardian
5. Children suffering from diarrhea at the time of initiation of the study or with high fever, based on the report of symptoms by the parent/guardian
6. Children with severe anemia (Hb \<7.0 g/dL) as determined at the baseline blood draw.

Primary outcomes:
measure: Vitamin A status changes
timeFrame: After the intervention, which is approximately 3 months.
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
References:
citation: Sheftel J, Valentine AR, Hull AK, Fadjarwati T, Gannon BM, Davis CR, Tanumihardjo SA. Findings in 3 clinical trials challenge the accuracy of the Institute of Medicine's estimated average requirements for vitamin A in children and women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 May 8;113(5):1322-1331. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa132.
citation: Tanumihardjo SA, Gannon BM, Kaliwile C, Chileshe J, Binkley NC. Restricting vitamin A intake increases bone formation in Zambian children with high liver stores of vitamin. Arch Osteoporos. 2019 Jun 28;14(1):72. doi: 10.1007/s11657-019-0617-y.
citation: Titcomb TJ, Schmaelzle ST, Nuss ET, Gregory JF 3rd, Tanumihardjo SA. Suboptimal Vitamin B Intakes of Zambian Preschool Children: Evaluation of 24-Hour Dietary Recalls. Food Nutr Bull. 2018 Jun;39(2):281-289. doi: 10.1177/0379572118760373. Epub 2018 Mar 11.
citation: Suri DJ, Tanumihardjo JP, Gannon BM, Pinkaew S, Kaliwile C, Chileshe J, Tanumihardjo SA. Serum retinol concentrations demonstrate high specificity after correcting for inflammation but questionable sensitivity compared with liver stores calculated from isotope dilution in determining vitamin A deficiency in Thai and Zambian children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Nov;102(5):1259-65. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.113050. Epub 2015 Oct 7.
citation: Mondloch S, Gannon BM, Davis CR, Chileshe J, Kaliwile C, Masi C, Rios-Avila L, Gregory JF 3rd, Tanumihardjo SA. High provitamin A carotenoid serum concentrations, elevated retinyl esters, and saturated retinol-binding protein in Zambian preschool children are consistent with the presence of high liver vitamin A stores. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Aug;102(2):497-504. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.112383. Epub 2015 Jul 15.
citation: Gannon B, Kaliwile C, Arscott SA, Schmaelzle S, Chileshe J, Kalungwana N, Mosonda M, Pixley K, Masi C, Tanumihardjo SA. Biofortified orange maize is as efficacious as a vitamin A supplement in Zambian children even in the presence of high liver reserves of vitamin A: a community-based, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Dec;100(6):1541-50. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.087379. Epub 2014 Oct 8.