Clinical trial NCT05382338: A Study of Treatment for Medulloblastoma Using Sodium Thiosulfate to Reduce Hearing Loss
Official title: A Phase 3 Study of Sodium Thiosulfate for Reduction of Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity in Children With Average-Risk Medulloblastoma and Reduced Therapy in Children With Medulloblastoma With Low-Risk Features
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: RECRUITING
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: Childhood Medulloblastoma
Lead sponsor: Children's Oncology Group
Sponsor class: NETWORK
Collaborators: name: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
First posted: 2022-05-19
Enrollment: 225
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 4
Maximum age (years): 21
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: This phase III trial tests two hypotheses in patients with low-risk and average-risk medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma is a type of cancer that occurs in the back of the brain. The term, risk, refers to the chance of the cancer coming back after treatment. Subjects with low-risk medulloblastoma typically have a lower chance of the cancer coming back than subjects with average-risk medulloblastoma. Although treatment for newly diagnosed average-risk and low-risk medulloblastoma is generally effective at treating the cancer, there are still concerns about the side effects of such treatment. Side effects or unintended health conditions that arise due to treatment include learning difficulties, hearing loss or other issues in performing daily activities. Standard therapy for newly diagnosed average-risk or low-risk medulloblastoma includes surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy (including cisplatin). Cisplatin may cause hearing loss as a side effect. In the average-risk medulloblastoma patients, this trial tests whether the addition of sodium thiosulfate (STS) to standard of care chemotherapy and radiation therapy reduces hearing loss. Previous studies with STS have shown that it may help reduce or prevent hearing loss caused by cisplatin. In the low-risk medulloblastoma patients, the study tests whether a less intense therapy (reduced radiation) can provide the same benefits as the more intense therapy. The less intense therapy may cause fewer side effects. Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays to kill tumor cells and shrink tumors. Cisplatin is in a class of medications known as platinum-containing compounds. It works by killing, stopping or slowing the growth of cancer cells. The overall goals of this study are to see if giving STS along with standard treatment (radiation therapy and chemotherapy) will reduce hearing loss in medulloblastoma patients and to compare the overall outcome of patients with medulloblastoma treated with STS to patients treated without STS on a previous study in order to make sure that survival and recurrence of tumor is not worsened.

Detailed description: PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To evaluate the efficacy of sodium thiosulfate (STS) infusion administered during cisplatin-containing chemotherapy cycles (compared to a historical cohort selected from ACNS0331 which received chemotherapy without STS) in reducing hearing loss in children with newly-diagnosed average-risk medulloblastoma.

II. To estimate and monitor event-free survival (EFS) in this study against a carefully selected cohort from ACNS0331 to guard against loss of efficacy due to STS.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To estimate and monitor overall survival (OS) in this study against a carefully selected control cohort from ACNS0331.

II. To estimate the incidence of ototoxicity-related cisplatin dose modifications in the average-risk cohort.

III. To estimate the incidence of cisplatin-related nephrotoxicity in both the average-risk and low-risk cohorts.

IV. To evaluate full scale intelligence neurocognitive outcomes and trajectories of patients with average-risk medulloblastoma treated with STS compared to the control cohort from ACNS0331.

V. To evaluate quality of life and psychosocial outcomes and trajectories of patients with average-risk medulloblastoma treated with STS compared to published norms.

VI. To estimate and monitor EFS, OS, and patterns of recurrence in patients with low-risk features treated using a reduced craniospinal radiation approach.

VII. To evaluate the trajectory of hearing loss in medulloblastoma patients treated with STS.

VIII. To evaluate household material hardship as a social determinant of neurocognitive, quality of life, and psychosocial outcomes in patients with average-risk and low risk medulloblastoma.

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

I. To obtain paired blood and tumor tissue to be banked for future biology studies involving comprehensive molecular analysis, including but not limited to whole exome sequencing, ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing, and methylation.

II. To bank blood and cerebrospinal fluid for future studies. III. To evaluate attention, processing speed, memory, and executive function neurocognitive outcomes and trajectories, as well as hearing-related quality of life outcomes and trajectories, of patients with average-risk medulloblastoma treated with STS.

IV. To evaluate neurocognitive, quality of life, and psychosocial outcomes of patients with low-risk features treated using a reduced craniospinal radiation approach.

OUTLINE:

CHEMORADIOTHERAPY: Patients undergo radiation therapy 5 days per week for 6 weeks (weeks 1-6) and receive vincristine intravenously (IV) once weekly on weeks 2-7 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

MAINTENANCE: Beginning 4 weeks after chemoradiotherapy, patients receive lomustine orally (PO) on day 1 of cycles 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8, cisplatin IV over 6 hours on day 1 of cycles 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8, sodium thiosulfate IV over 15 minutes on day 1 of cycles 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8, and cyclophosphamide IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1 and 2 of cycles 3, 6, and 9. Patients also receive vincristine IV on days 1, 8, and 15 of cycles 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8, and on days 1 and 8 of cycles 3, 6, and 9. Treatment repeats every 6 weeks (cycles 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8) or every 4 weeks (cycles 3, 6, and 9) for up to 9 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Additionally, patients undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) throughout the study. Patients may also optionally undergo blood sample collection throughout the study.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 3 months for years 1-2, every 6 months for years 3-4, and then annually for years 5-10.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* PRE-ENROLLMENT: Patients must be ≥ 4 years and ≤ 21 years of age at the time of enrollment
* PRE-ENROLLMENT: Patient is suspected to have newly-diagnosed medulloblastoma by institutional diagnosis

  * Please note: Patients with a pending result of CSF cytology tests are eligible for NCI-2014-02057 (APEC14B1-Central Nervous System \[CNS\]) and CNS/Medulloblastoma Pre Enrollment Eligibility Screening
* PRE-ENROLLMENT: The patient and/or their parents or legal guardians must have signed informed consent for APEC14B1 Part A - Eligibility Screening and consent for the Molecular Characterization Initiative (MCI)
* PRE-ENROLLMENT: The required specimens are projected to be submitted under APEC14B1-CNS as soon as possible, preferably within 5 days of definitive surgery
* PRE-ENROLLMENT: All patients must have rapid central pathology review under APEC14B1-CNS prior to study enrollment on ACNS2031 step 1 in order to avoid discordant diagnoses and to verify diagnosis criterion for treatment on ACNS2031.

  * Note: Patients with a pending result of CSF cytology tests are eligible for the rapid central pathology screening review. Confirmation of CSF negativity is needed for enrollment on the ACNS2031 protocol
* PRE-ENROLLMENT: All patients must have rapid central molecular screening review under APEC14B1-CNS prior to study enrollment on ACNS2031 step 1, in order to avoid discordant diagnoses and to verify diagnosis criterion for treatment on ACNS2031
* PRE-ENROLLMENT: All patients who have histopathology confirmed must have rapid central imaging screening review under APEC14B1 prior to study enrollment on ACNS2031 step 1

  * Note: Patients must not have metastatic disease on cranial or spinal MRI. Patients with \> 1.5 cm\^2 residual tumor after initial surgical resection may undergo a second surgical resection prior to subsequent therapy to render them eligible for this study. The day of the second resection to remove residual tumor will be regarded as the day of definitive surgery (Day 0) and must be within a month (31 days) of the initial resection
* PRE-ENROLLMENT: All patients who have histopathology confirmed must have rapid central audiology review under APEC14B1-CNS prior to study enrollment on ACNS2031 step 1
* Patients must be \>= 4 years and =\< 21 years of age at the time of enrollment
* Patients must be newly diagnosed and have eligibility confirmed by rapid central pathology and molecular screening reviews performed on APEC14B1 and via the Molecular Characterization Initiative
* Average-risk cohort

  * Clinico-pathologic criteria:

    * M0 disease
    * No diffuse anaplastic histology AND
  * Molecular criteria:

    * SHH, p53wt, GLI2 normal, MYCN normal, no chromosome 14q loss
    * Group 3, MYC normal, no isochromosome 17q
    * Group 4, no chromosome 11 loss
* Low-risk features cohort

  * Clinico-pathologic criteria:

    * M0 disease
    * No diffuse anaplastic histology AND
  * Molecular criteria:

    * Group 4, chromosome 11 loss
* Patients must have negative lumbar CSF cytology

  * Note: CSF cytology for staging should be performed no sooner than 14 days post operatively to avoid false positive CSF. Ideally, CSF should be obtained between day 14 and day 21 to allow for final staging status before enrollment onto the study. Patients with positive CSF cytology obtained 0 to 14 days after surgery should have cytology repeated to determine eligibility and final CSF status. Patients with negative CSF cytology from lumbar puncture obtained 0 to 14 days after surgery do not need cytology repeated. Patients with negative CSF cytology from lumbar puncture obtained prior to surgery do not need cytology repeated post-operatively
* Patients must have eligibility confirmed by Rapid Central Imaging Review performed on APEC14B1. Patients must have =\< 1.5 cm\^2 cross-sectional area of residual tumor. Whole brain MRI with and without gadolinium and spine MRI with gadolinium must be performed
* Patients must weigh \> 10 kg
* Patients must be enrolled, and protocol therapy must be projected to begin, no later than 31 days after definitive diagnostic surgery (day 0)
* Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1000/uL (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Platelet count \>= 100,000/uL (transfusion independent) (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Hemoglobin \>= 8.0 g/dL (may receive red blood cell count \[RBC\] transfusions) (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* A serum creatinine (within 7 days prior to enrollment) based on age/sex as follows:

  * 4 to \< 6 years (age); 0.8 mg/dL (male) 0.8 mg/dL (female)
  * 6 to \< 10 years (age); 1 mg/dL (male) 1 mg/dL (female)
  * 10 to \< 13 years (age); 1.2 mg/dL (male) 1.2 mg/dL (female)
  * 13 to \< 16 years (age); 1.5 mg/dL (male) 1.4 mg/dL (female)
  * \>= 16 years (age); 1.7 mg/dL (male) 1.4 mg/dL (female) OR a 24 hour urine Creatinine clearance \>= 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 (within 7 days prior to enrollment) OR a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \>= 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 (within 7 days prior to enrollment). GFR must be performed using direct measurement with a nuclear blood sampling method OR direct small molecule clearance method (iothalamate or other molecule per institutional standard)
  * Note: Estimated GFR (eGFR) from serum creatinine, cystatin C or other estimates are not acceptable for determining eligibility
* Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase \[ALT\]) =\< 135 U/L (within 7 days prior to enrollment)

  * Note: For the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT (ALT) has been set to the value of 45 U/L
* Central nervous system function defined as:

  * Patients with seizure disorder may be enrolled if on anticonvulsants and well controlled
  * Patients must not be in status epilepticus, a coma or assisted ventilation at the time of study enrollment
* Auditory function defined as:

  * Patients must have normal hearing (defined as International Society of Pediatric Oncology \[SIOP\] grade 0) in at least one ear confirmed by rapid central audiology review performed on APEC14B1 prior to enrollment
* All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
* All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with metastatic disease by either MRI evaluation or lumbar CSF cytology are not eligible. Patients who are unable to undergo a lumbar puncture for assessment of CSF cytology are ineligible
* Patients must not have received any prior radiation therapy or chemotherapy (tumor-directed therapy) other than surgical intervention and/or corticosteroids
* Patients must not have any known hypersensitivity to STS, sulfates/sulfites, or other thiol agents (e.g., amifostine, n-acetylcysteine, MESNA, and captopril)
* Pregnancy and Breastfeeding:

  * Female patients who are pregnant since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs. A pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential
  * Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants
  * Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation

Primary outcomes:
measure: Percentage of patients with >= grade 2 hearing loss
timeFrame: At 4 weeks after the last dose of cisplatin
measure: Event-free survival (EFS)
timeFrame: From initiation of the protocol treatment to the occurrence of disease progression, disease recurrence, death from any cause, or occurrence of a second malignant neoplasm, assessed up to 10 years
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Overall survival (OS)
timeFrame: Up to 10 years
measure: Incidence of ototoxicity-related cisplatin dose modifications in the average-risk cohort
timeFrame: Up to 10 years
measure: Incidence of cisplatin-related nephrotoxicity in both the average-risk and low-risk cohorts
timeFrame: Up to 10 years
measure: Full scale intelligence neurocognitive outcomes and trajectories of patients with average-risk medulloblastoma treated with sodium thiosulfate (STS)
timeFrame: Up to 5 years
measure: Quality of life and psychosocial outcomes of patients with average-risk medulloblastoma treated with STS
timeFrame: Up to 5 years
measure: EFS in patients with low-risk features treated using a reduced craniospinal radiation approach
timeFrame: Up to 10 years
measure: OS in patients with low-risk features treated using a reduced craniospinal radiation approach
timeFrame: Up to 10 years
measure: Patterns of recurrence in patients with low-risk features treated using a reduced craniospinal radiation approach
timeFrame: Up to 10 years
measure: Trajectory of hearing loss medulloblastoma patients treated with STS
timeFrame: Up to 60 months
measure: Household material hardship as a social determinant of neurocognitive, quality of life, and psychosocial outcomes in patients with average-risk and low-risk medulloblastoma
timeFrame: Up to 60 months post-enrollment
Other outcomes:
measure: Paired blood and tumor tissue banking or future studies
timeFrame: Up to 5 years
measure: Blood and cerebrospinal fluid banking for future studies
timeFrame: Up to 5 years
measure: Attention, processing speed, memory, and executive function neurocognitive outcomes and trajectories of patients with average-risk medulloblastoma treated with STS
timeFrame: Up to 5 years
measure: Hearing related-quality of life (HEAR-QL) of patients with average-risk medulloblastoma treated with STS
timeFrame: Up to 5 years
measure: HEAR-QL of patients with low-risk features treated using a reduced craniospinal radiation approach
timeFrame: Up to 5 years
measure: Neurocognitive, quality of life, and psychosocial outcomes of patients with low-risk features treated using a reduced craniospinal radiation approach
timeFrame: Up to 5 years
measure: Percentage of patients with >= grade 2 hearing loss in the better ear
timeFrame: At 4 weeks after the last dose of cisplatin
Locations:
city: Birmingham
country: United States
facility: Children's Hospital of Alabama
state: Alabama
city: Mobile
country: United States
facility: USA Health Strada Patient Care Center
state: Alabama
city: Phoenix
country: United States
facility: Phoenix Childrens Hospital
state: Arizona
city: Little Rock
country: United States
facility: Arkansas Children's Hospital
state: Arkansas
city: Loma Linda
country: United States
facility: Loma Linda University Medical Center
state: California
city: Long Beach
country: United States
facility: Miller Children's and Women's Hospital Long Beach
state: California
city: Los Angeles
country: United States
facility: Children's Hospital Los Angeles
state: California
city: Madera
country: United States
facility: Valley Children's Hospital
state: California
city: Oakland
country: United States
facility: Kaiser Permanente-Oakland
state: California
city: Orange
country: United States
facility: Children's Hospital of Orange County
state: California
city: San Diego
country: United States
facility: Rady Children's Hospital - San Diego
state: California
city: San Francisco
country: United States
facility: UCSF Medical Center-Mission Bay
state: California
city: Aurora
country: United States
facility: Children's Hospital Colorado
state: Colorado
city: Wilmington
country: United States
facility: Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children
state: Delaware
city: Washington
country: United States
facility: Children's National Medical Center
state: District of Columbia
city: Fort Myers
country: United States
facility: Golisano Children's Hospital of Southwest Florida
state: Florida
city: Hollywood
country: United States
facility: Memorial Regional Hospital/Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital
state: Florida
city: Jacksonville
country: United States
facility: Nemours Children's Clinic-Jacksonville
state: Florida
city: Miami
country: United States
facility: Nicklaus Children's Hospital
state: Florida
city: Orlando
country: United States
facility: Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children
state: Florida
city: Orlando
country: United States
facility: Nemours Children's Hospital
state: Florida
city: Tampa
country: United States
facility: Saint Joseph's Hospital/Children's Hospital-Tampa
state: Florida
city: Chicago
country: United States
facility: University of Illinois
state: Illinois
city: Indianapolis
country: United States
facility: Riley Hospital for Children
state: Indiana
city: Iowa City
country: United States
facility: University of Iowa/Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center
state: Iowa
city: Louisville
country: United States
facility: Norton Children's Hospital
state: Kentucky
city: New Orleans
country: United States
facility: Children's Hospital New Orleans
state: Louisiana
city: Baltimore
country: United States
facility: Sinai Hospital of Baltimore
state: Maryland
city: Baltimore
country: United States
facility: Johns Hopkins University/Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
state: Maryland
city: Ann Arbor
country: United States
facility: C S Mott Children's Hospital
state: Michigan
city: Detroit
country: United States
facility: Children's Hospital of Michigan
state: Michigan
city: Royal Oak
country: United States
facility: Corewell Health Children's
state: Michigan
city: Minneapolis
country: United States
facility: Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota - Minneapolis
state: Minnesota
city: Jackson
country: United States
facility: University of Mississippi Medical Center
state: Mississippi
city: Kansas City
country: United States
facility: Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics
state: Missouri
city: Saint Louis
country: United States
facility: Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center
state: Missouri
city: Saint Louis
country: United States
facility: Washington University School of Medicine
state: Missouri
city: New Brunswick
country: United States
facility: Saint Peter's University Hospital
state: New Jersey
city: Paterson
country: United States
facility: Saint Joseph's Regional Medical Center
state: New Jersey
city: Albany
country: United States
facility: Albany Medical Center
state: New York
city: Bronx
country: United States
facility: Montefiore Medical Center - Moses Campus
state: New York
city: Buffalo
country: United States
facility: Roswell Park Cancer Institute
state: New York
city: New Hyde Park
country: United States
facility: The Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York
state: New York
city: Stony Brook
country: United States
facility: Stony Brook University Medical Center
state: New York
city: Syracuse
country: United States
facility: State University of New York Upstate Medical University
state: New York
city: Valhalla
country: United States
facility: New York Medical College
state: New York
city: Chapel Hill
country: United States
facility: UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
state: North Carolina
city: Winston-Salem
country: United States
facility: Wake Forest University Health Sciences
state: North Carolina
city: Fargo
country: United States
facility: Sanford Broadway Medical Center
state: North Dakota
city: Akron
country: United States
facility: Children's Hospital Medical Center of Akron
state: Ohio
city: Cincinnati
country: United States
facility: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
state: Ohio
city: Cleveland
country: United States
facility: Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital
state: Ohio
city: Columbus
country: United States
facility: Nationwide Children's Hospital
state: Ohio
city: Dayton
country: United States
facility: Dayton Children's Hospital
state: Ohio
city: Toledo
country: United States
facility: ProMedica Toledo Hospital/Russell J Ebeid Children's Hospital
state: Ohio
city: Oklahoma City
country: United States
facility: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
state: Oklahoma
city: Portland
country: United States
facility: Legacy Emanuel Children's Hospital
state: Oregon
city: Portland
country: United States
facility: Oregon Health and Science University
state: Oregon
city: Danville
country: United States
facility: Geisinger Medical Center
state: Pennsylvania
city: Pittsburgh
country: United States
facility: Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
state: Pennsylvania
city: Columbia
country: United States
facility: Prisma Health Richland Hospital
state: South Carolina
city: Greenville
country: United States
facility: BI-LO Charities Children's Cancer Center
state: South Carolina
city: Sioux Falls
country: United States
facility: Sanford USD Medical Center - Sioux Falls
state: South Dakota
city: Nashville
country: United States
facility: Vanderbilt University/Ingram Cancer Center
state: Tennessee
city: Austin
country: United States
facility: Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas
state: Texas
city: Dallas
country: United States
facility: Medical City Dallas Hospital
state: Texas
city: Dallas
country: United States
facility: UT Southwestern/Simmons Cancer Center-Dallas
state: Texas
city: El Paso
country: United States
facility: El Paso Children's Hospital
state: Texas
city: San Antonio
country: United States
facility: Children's Hospital of San Antonio
state: Texas
city: San Antonio
country: United States
facility: University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
state: Texas
city: Charlottesville
country: United States
facility: University of Virginia Cancer Center
state: Virginia
city: Richmond
country: United States
facility: Virginia Commonwealth University/Massey Cancer Center
state: Virginia
city: Seattle
country: United States
facility: Seattle Children's Hospital
state: Washington
city: Spokane
country: United States
facility: Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children's Hospital
state: Washington
city: Tacoma
country: United States
facility: Mary Bridge Children's Hospital and Health Center
state: Washington
city: Madison
country: United States
facility: University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center - University Hospital
state: Wisconsin
city: Marshfield
country: United States
facility: Marshfield Medical Center-Marshfield
state: Wisconsin
city: Milwaukee
country: United States
facility: Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
state: Wisconsin
Study officials:
affiliation: Children's Oncology Group
name: Ralph Salloum
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References: