Clinical trial NCT00005140: Epidemiology of Cardiovascular and Non-Cardiovascular Risk In Chicago
Study type: OBSERVATIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Conditions: Cardiovascular Diseases
Heart Diseases
Coronary Disease
Cerebrovascular Disorders
Diabetes Mellitus
Hypertension
Cerebrovascular Accident
Lead sponsor: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Sponsor class: NIH
First posted: 2000-05-26
Sex: MALE
Maximum age (years): 100
Standard ages: CHILD
ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no

Brief summary: To continue the comprehensive research program on the epidemiology of cardiovascular and other major chronic diseases, including cancer and diabetes, in four Chicago population cohorts. The four cohorts include the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry cohort, the Peoples Gas Company cohort first examined in 1958-1959, the Peoples Gas Company cohort first examined in 1959-1962, and the Western Electric Company cohort.

Detailed description: BACKGROUND:

Over the last forty years, epidemiologic studies have made basic contributions to knowledge of the etiology and natural history of the chronic diseases -- cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancers. Findings from the epidemiologic studies have provided practical foundations for the development of prevention and control programs to improve life styles and to control high blood pressure by drugs, when indicated. These developments and their impact on life styles and risk factors have probably contributed to the marked decline in mortality rates from coronary heart disease, stroke, all cardiovascular disease, and all causes throughout the 1970s and 1980s.

The four epidemiologic studies have as their foundation the major contributions of the earlier 'first generation' epidemiological studies including the Albany Civil Servant Study, the Charleston Study, the Framingham Heart Study, the Tecumseh Study and others. The significance of these studies lies in their potential for elucidating key 'second generation' issues in the epidemiology of the major cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular chronic diseases.

DESIGN NARRATIVE:

Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry: Employees of 85 firms in the greater Chicago area were screened between the Fall of 1967 to early 1973. The total labor force among these companies was over 75,000 persons. The volunteer rate for the screening was 55 percent. All employees were encouraged to participate irrespective of job type or shift worked. At each employment site data were collected on smoking habits, previous medical diagnosis, current treatments for hypertension, heart disease and diabetes, height and weight, age, sex, race, heart rate.

Peoples Gas Company: All data on the two cohorts were collected as part of the periodic medical examination program for all employees in the Medical Department of the Company by its full-time staff of physicians. Data were collected on age, race, height, weight, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, smoking history, heart rate, resting ECG, medical and family history, alcohol and coffee and tea consumption, education, military service, occupation, physical activity, diet, and glucose and serum uric acid levels. Repeat exams were scheduled yearly for men 50-59, every two years for men 40-49, and every four years for men 25-39.

Western Electric Company: This longitudinal study of coronary heart disease was initiated in 1957 at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company in Chicago. The male subjects were free of coronary heart disease at baseline. The medical history and physical examination were modeled after the Framingham Heart Study. Data were collected on diet, physical activity, electrocardiogram, blood hemoglobin and blood cholesterol levels, body fatness, blood pressure, height, weight, lipoprotein lipase, glucose level, and smoking.

The study was renewed in FY 1992 and again in FY 1998. The 1998 renewal used data and analyses from the four cohorts. It focused on six specific aims: factors influencing coronary heart disease-cardiovascular disease risk long-term in young adult women and men (ages 18 to 39 at baseline); factors influencing coronary heart disease-cardiovascular disease risk long-term in African-American women and men; factors influencing coronary heart disease-cardiovascular disease risk during both earlier and later follow-up (first 15 years and beyond 15 years of follow-up); impact of baseline low risk status on long-term risk of mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, non-cardiovascular disease, and all causes; relationship of habitual intake of multiple food groups to 10 year change in serum cholesterol, blood pressure, weight, and to 30-year risks of death from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, cancers, and all causes; differences in risk factors impact between groups based on sex, race, age, or risk factor status.

The study has been extended through July 2005 and uses data and analyses from the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry cohort. The study focuses on three specific aims: factors influencing coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease risk long-term in young adult women (ages 18-39 at baseline); factors influencing coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease risk long-term in young adult and middle-aged African American men and women; and the impact of baseline "low risk" status on long-term mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, non-cardiovascular disease, and all causes in young adult women (ages 18-39), including African-American and white women.

Eligibility criteria: No eligibility criteria

Primary outcomes:
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
Locations:
Study officials:
affiliation: Northwestern University
name: Philip Greenland
References:
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citation: Stamler J: Asymptomatic Hyperglycemia and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Middle-Aged Men: American and International Experience. Proceedings, Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Workshop, Dallas, Texas, March 27-29, 1980
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citation: Persky V, Dyer AR, Leonas J, Stamler J, Berkson DM, Lindberg HA, Paul O, Shekelle RB, Lepper MH, Schoenberger JA. Heart rate: a risk factor for cancer? Am J Epidemiol. 1981 Oct;114(4):477-87. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113213.
citation: Dyer AR, Stamler J, Paul O, Shekelle RB, Schoenberger JA, Berkson DM, Lepper M, Collette P, Shekelle S, Lindberg HA. Serum cholesterol and risk of death from cancer and other causes in three Chicago epidemiological studies. J Chronic Dis. 1981;34(6):249-60. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(81)90030-8. No abstract available.
citation: Stamler J: Improved Life Styles: Their Potential for the Primary Prevention of Atherosclerosis and Hypertension in Childhood. In: Childhood Prevention of Atherosclerosis and Hypertension, Raven Press, New York, 1980
citation: Stamler J, Stamler R: Maturity-Onset Diabetes and Asymptomatic Hyperglycemia. Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Workshop, Sponsored by the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Dallas TX, March 27-29, 1980, Juvenile Diabetes Foundation, New York, pp 17-43, 1981
citation: Cedres BL, Liu K, Stamler J, Dyer AR, Stamler R, Berkson DM, Paul O, Lepper M, Lindberg HA, Marquardt J, Stevens E, Schoenberger JA, Shekelle RB, Collette P, Garside D. Independent contribution of electrocardiographic abnormalities to risk of death from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular diseases and all causes. Findings of three Chicago epidemiologic studies. Circulation. 1982 Jan;65(1):146-53. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.65.1.146. No abstract available.
citation: Shekelle RB, Paul O, Shryock AM, Stamler J: Dietary Lipids, Serum Cholesterol Concentration, and Risk of Death from Coronary Heart Disease. In: Noseda G, Fragiacomo C, Fumagalli R, Paoletti R (Eds). Lipoproteins and Coronary Atherosclerosis, Elsevier Biomedical Press BV, Amsterdam, pp 87-94, 1982
citation: Dyer AR, Stamler J, Shekelle RB, Schoenberger JA, Stamler R, Shekelle S, Berkson DM, Paul O, Lepper MH, Lindberg HA. Pulse pressure-I. Level and associated factors in four Chicago epidemiologic studies. J Chronic Dis. 1982;35(4):259-73. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(82)90082-0.
citation: Dyer AR, Stamler J, Shekelle RB, Schoenberger JA, Stamler R, Shekelle S, Berkson DM, Paul O, Lepper MH, Lindberg HA. Pulse pressure-II. Factors associated with follow-up values in three Chicago epidemiologic studies. J Chronic Dis. 1982;35(4):275-82. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(82)90083-2.
citation: Dyer AR, Stamler J, Shekelle RB, Schoenberger JA, Stamler R, Shekelle S, Collette P, Berkson DM, Paul O, Lepper MH, Lindberg HA. Pulse pressure-III. Prognostic significance in four Chicago epidemiologic studies. J Chronic Dis. 1982;35(4):283-94. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(82)90084-4.
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citation: Orencia AJ, Daviglus ML, Dyer AR, Walsh M, Greenland P, Stamler J. One-hour postload plasma glucose and risks of fatal coronary heart disease and stroke among nondiabetic men and women: the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry (CHA) Study. J Clin Epidemiol. 1997 Dec;50(12):1369-76. doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00201-1.
citation: Daviglus ML, Orencia AJ, Dyer AR, Liu K, Morris DK, Persky V, Chavez N, Goldberg J, Drum M, Shekelle RB, Stamler J. Dietary vitamin C, beta-carotene and 30-year risk of stroke: results from the Western Electric Study. Neuroepidemiology. 1997;16(2):69-77. doi: 10.1159/000109673.
citation: Daviglus ML, Dyer AR, Persky V, Chavez N, Drum M, Goldberg J, Liu K, Morris DK, Shekelle RB, Stamler J. Dietary beta-carotene, vitamin C, and risk of prostate cancer: results from the Western Electric Study. Epidemiology. 1996 Sep;7(5):472-7.
citation: Spataro JA, Dyer AR, Stamler J, Shekelle RB, Greenlund K, Garside D. Measures of adiposity and coronary heart disease mortality in the Chicago Western Electric Company Study. J Clin Epidemiol. 1996 Aug;49(8):849-57. doi: 10.1016/0895-4356(96)00067-4.
citation: Lowe LP, Liu K, Greenland P, Metzger BE, Dyer AR, Stamler J. Diabetes, asymptomatic hyperglycemia, and 22-year mortality in black and white men. The Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry Study. Diabetes Care. 1997 Feb;20(2):163-9. doi: 10.2337/diacare.20.2.163.
citation: Greenland P, Daviglus ML, Dyer AR, Liu K, Huang CF, Goldberger JJ, Stamler J. Resting heart rate is a risk factor for cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality: the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry. Am J Epidemiol. 1999 May 1;149(9):853-62. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009901.
citation: Stamler J, Stamler R, Neaton JD, Wentworth D, Daviglus ML, Garside D, Dyer AR, Liu K, Greenland P. Low risk-factor profile and long-term cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality and life expectancy: findings for 5 large cohorts of young adult and middle-aged men and women. JAMA. 1999 Dec 1;282(21):2012-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.282.21.2012.
citation: Daviglus ML, Liao Y, Greenland P, Dyer AR, Liu K, Xie X, Huang CF, Prineas RJ, Stamler J. Association of nonspecific minor ST-T abnormalities with cardiovascular mortality: the Chicago Western Electric Study. JAMA. 1999 Feb 10;281(6):530-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.281.6.530.
citation: Lowe LP, Greenland P, Ruth KJ, Dyer AR, Stamler R, Stamler J. Impact of major cardiovascular disease risk factors, particularly in combination, on 22-year mortality in women and men. Arch Intern Med. 1998 Oct 12;158(18):2007-14. doi: 10.1001/archinte.158.18.2007.
citation: Daviglus ML, Liu K, Greenland P, Dyer AR, Garside DB, Manheim L, Lowe LP, Rodin M, Lubitz J, Stamler J. Benefit of a favorable cardiovascular risk-factor profile in middle age with respect to Medicare costs. N Engl J Med. 1998 Oct 15;339(16):1122-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199810153391606.
citation: Stamler J, Daviglus ML, Garside DB, Dyer AR, Greenland P, Neaton JD. Relationship of baseline serum cholesterol levels in 3 large cohorts of younger men to long-term coronary, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality and to longevity. JAMA. 2000 Jul 19;284(3):311-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.284.3.311.
citation: Dyer AR, Stamler J, Greenland P. Associations of weight change and weight variability with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the Chicago Western Electric Company Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Aug 15;152(4):324-33. doi: 10.1093/aje/152.4.324.
citation: Navas-Nacher EL, Colangelo L, Beam C, Greenland P. Risk factors for coronary heart disease in men 18 to 39 years of age. Ann Intern Med. 2001 Mar 20;134(6):433-9. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-134-6-200103200-00007.
citation: Blanco-Cedres L, Daviglus ML, Garside DB, Liu K, Pirzada A, Stamler J, Greenland P. Relation of cigarette smoking to 25-year mortality in middle-aged men with low baseline serum cholesterol: the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry. Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Feb 15;155(4):354-60. doi: 10.1093/aje/155.4.354.
citation: Gapstur SM, Gann PH, Colangelo LA, Barron-Simpson R, Kopp P, Dyer A, Liu K. Postload plasma glucose concentration and 27-year prostate cancer mortality (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2001 Oct;12(8):763-72. doi: 10.1023/a:1011279907108.
citation: Miura K, Daviglus ML, Dyer AR, Liu K, Garside DB, Stamler J, Greenland P. Relationship of blood pressure to 25-year mortality due to coronary heart disease, cardiovascular diseases, and all causes in young adult men: the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry. Arch Intern Med. 2001 Jun 25;161(12):1501-8. doi: 10.1001/archinte.161.12.1501.
citation: Stamler J, Liu K, Ruth KJ, Pryer J, Greenland P. Eight-year blood pressure change in middle-aged men: relationship to multiple nutrients. Hypertension. 2002 May;39(5):1000-6. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000016178.80811.d9.
citation: Miura K, Dyer AR, Greenland P, Daviglus ML, Hill M, Liu K, Garside DB, Stamler J; Chicago Heart Association. Pulse pressure compared with other blood pressure indexes in the prediction of 25-year cardiovascular and all-cause mortality rates: The Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry Study. Hypertension. 2001 Aug;38(2):232-7. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.38.2.232.
citation: Colangelo LA, Gapstur SM, Gann PH, Dyer AR, Liu K. Colorectal cancer mortality and factors related to the insulin resistance syndrome. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002 Apr;11(4):385-91.
citation: Rodin MB, Daviglus ML, Wong GC, Liu K, Garside DB, Greenland P, Stamler J. Middle age cardiovascular risk factors and abdominal aortic aneurysm in older age. Hypertension. 2003 Jul;42(1):61-8. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000078829.02288.98. Epub 2003 Jun 9.
citation: Greenland P, Xie X, Liu K, Colangelo L, Liao Y, Daviglus ML, Agulnek AN, Stamler J. Impact of minor electrocardiographic ST-segment and/or T-wave abnormalities on cardiovascular mortality during long-term follow-up. Am J Cardiol. 2003 May 1;91(9):1068-74. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(03)00150-4.
citation: Colangelo LA, Gapstur SM, Gann PH, Dyer AR. Cigarette smoking and colorectal carcinoma mortality in a cohort with long-term follow-up. Cancer. 2004 Jan 15;100(2):288-93. doi: 10.1002/cncr.11923.
citation: Pirzada A, Yan LL, Garside DB, Schiffer L, Dyer AR, Daviglus ML. Response rates to a questionnaire 26 years after baseline examination with minimal interim participant contact and baseline differences between respondents and nonrespondents. Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Jan 1;159(1):94-101. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwh012.
citation: Greenland P, Knoll MD, Stamler J, Neaton JD, Dyer AR, Garside DB, Wilson PW. Major risk factors as antecedents of fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease events. JAMA. 2003 Aug 20;290(7):891-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.290.7.891.
citation: Dyer AR, Stamler J, Garside DB, Greenland P. Long-term consequences of body mass index for cardiovascular mortality: the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry study. Ann Epidemiol. 2004 Feb;14(2):101-8. doi: 10.1016/S1047-2797(03)00121-2.
citation: Daviglus ML, Stamler J, Pirzada A, Yan LL, Garside DB, Liu K, Wang R, Dyer AR, Lloyd-Jones DM, Greenland P. Favorable cardiovascular risk profile in young women and long-term risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. JAMA. 2004 Oct 6;292(13):1588-92. doi: 10.1001/jama.292.13.1588.
citation: Daviglus ML, Pirzada A, Liu K, Yan LL, Garside DB, Dyer AR, Hoff JA, Kondos GT, Greenland P, Stamler J. Comparison of low risk and higher risk profiles in middle age to frequency and quantity of coronary artery calcium years later. Am J Cardiol. 2004 Aug 1;94(3):367-9. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.04.038.
citation: Daviglus ML, Liu K, Yan LL, Pirzada A, Manheim L, Manning W, Garside DB, Wang R, Dyer AR, Greenland P, Stamler J. Relation of body mass index in young adulthood and middle age to Medicare expenditures in older age. JAMA. 2004 Dec 8;292(22):2743-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.292.22.2743.
citation: Miura K, Greenland P, Stamler J, Liu K, Daviglus ML, Nakagawa H. Relation of vegetable, fruit, and meat intake to 7-year blood pressure change in middle-aged men: the Chicago Western Electric Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Mar 15;159(6):572-80. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwh085.
citation: Daviglus ML, Liu K, Pirzada A, Yan LL, Garside DB, Greenland P, Manheim LM, Dyer AR, Wang R, Lubitz J, Manning WG, Fries JF, Stamler J. Cardiovascular risk profile earlier in life and Medicare costs in the last year of life. Arch Intern Med. 2005 May 9;165(9):1028-34. doi: 10.1001/archinte.165.9.1028.
citation: Liu K, Dyer AR, Vu TH, Pirzada A, Manheim LM, Manning WG, Ashraf MS, Garside DB, Daviglus ML. One-hour postload plasma glucose in middle age and Medicare expenditures in older age among nondiabetic men and women: the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry. Diabetes Care. 2005 May;28(5):1057-62. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.5.1057.
citation: Daviglus ML, Liu K, Pirzada A, Yan LL, Garside DB, Wang R, Van Horn L, Manning WG, Manheim LM, Dyer AR, Greenland P, Stamler J. Relationship of fruit and vegetable consumption in middle-aged men to medicare expenditures in older age: the Chicago Western Electric Study. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005 Nov;105(11):1735-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2005.08.008.
citation: Yan LL, Daviglus ML, Liu K, Stamler J, Wang R, Pirzada A, Garside DB, Dyer AR, Van Horn L, Liao Y, Fries JF, Greenland P. Midlife body mass index and hospitalization and mortality in older age. JAMA. 2006 Jan 11;295(2):190-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.295.2.190.
citation: Shekelle RB, Rossof AH, Stamler J. Dietary cholesterol and incidence of lung cancer: the Western Electric Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Sep 1;134(5):480-4; discussion 543-4. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116119.
citation: Daviglus ML, Stamler J, Orencia AJ, Dyer AR, Liu K, Greenland P, Walsh MK, Morris D, Shekelle RB. Fish consumption and the 30-year risk of fatal myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1997 Apr 10;336(15):1046-53. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199704103361502.