Clinical trial NCT02282657: Strategy of UltraProtective Lung Ventilation With Extracorporeal CO2 Removal for New-Onset Moderate to seVere ARDS
Official title: Pilot Feasibility and Safety Study on Low-flow Extracorporeal CO2 Removal in Patients With Moderate ARDS to Enhance Lung Protective Ventilation
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE1
PHASE2
Conditions: Moderate Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Keywords: extracorporreal
CO2 removal
ARDS
lung
Protective ventilation
Lead sponsor: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2014-11-04
Enrollment: 95
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: NA
Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose: TREATMENT

Brief summary: Pathophysiological, experimental and clinical data suggest that an '"ultraprotective" mechanical ventilation strategy may further reduce VILI and ARDS-associated morbidity and mortality. Severe hypercapnia induced by VT reduction in this setting might be efficiently controlled by ECCO2R devices. A proof-of-concept study conducted on a limited number of ARDS cases indicated that ECCO2R allowing VT reduction to 3.5-5 ml/kg to achieve Pplat\<25 cm H2O may further reduce VILI.

Detailed description: Over the past few decades, highly significant progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recognition of ventilation-induced lung injuries (VILI) has led to the radical modification of the ventilatory management of these patients. The landmark trial by the ARDSnet trial group demonstrated in 2000 that ventilating ARDS patients with a low tidal volume (VT) of 6 ml/kg (calculated from predicted body weight), and with a maximum end-inspiratory plateau pressure (Pplat) of 30 cmH2O decreased mortality from 39.8% (in the conventional arm treated with a VT of 12 ml/kg PBW) to 31% . However, recent studies have shown that lung hyperinflation still occurs in approximately 30% of ARDS patients even though they are being ventilated using the ARDSNet strategy. Additionally, Hager and coworkers found that mortality decreased as Pplat declined from high to low levels at all levels of Pplat on the data collected by the "ARDSNet" trial group. Their analysis suggested a beneficial effect of VT reduction even for patients who already had Pplat\<30 cm H2O before VT reduction.Similar observation was also recently reported by Needham et al on a cohort of 485 patients with ARDS. Because VT reduction to \<6 ml/kg to achieve very low Pplat may induce severe hypercapnia and may cause elevated intracranial pressure, pulmonary hypertension, decreased myocardial contractility, decreased renal blood flow, and the release of endogenous catecholamines, this strategy using "ultraprotective" MV settings is not possible for most patients on conventional mechanical ventilation for moderate to severe ARDS.

Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) may be used in association with mechanical ventilation to permit VT reduction to \<6 ml/kg and to achieve very low Pplat (20-25 cm H2O). In an observational study conducted in the 80's, Gattinoni showed that use of venovenous ECCO2R at a flow of 1.5-2.5 l/min in addition to quasi apneic mechanical ventilation with peak inspiratory pressures limited to 35-45 cmH2O and PEEP set at 15-25 cmH2O resulted in lower than expected mortality in an observational cohort of severe ARDS patients. However, a randomized, controlled single-center study using that same technology and conducted in the 1990s by Morris's group in Utah was stopped early for futility after only 40 patients had been enrolled and failed to demonstrate a mortality benefit with this device (58% in the control group vs. 70% in the treatment group).

In recent years, new-generation ECCO2R devices have been developed. They offer lower resistance to blood flow, have small priming volumes and have much more effective gas exchange. With ECCO2R the patient's PaCO2 is principally determined by the rate of fresh gas flow through the membrane lung. In an ECCO2R animal model, CO2 removal averaged 72±1.2 mL/min at blood flows of 450 mL/min, while CO2 production by the lung decreased by 50% with reduction of minute ventilation from 5.6 L/min at baseline to 2.6 L/min after insertion of the device. Lastly, Terragni et al (15)demonstrated that ECCO2R could improve pulmonary protection by allowing very low tidal volume ventilation (3.5-5 ml/kg of PBW) in a proof-of-concept study of ten patients with ARDS. This strategy was also associated with a significant decrease in pulmonary inflammatory biomarkers.

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Mechanical ventilation with expected duration of \>24h
* Moderate ARDS according to the Berlin definition(16) PaO2/FiO2: 200-100 mmHg, with PEEP ≥ 5 cmH2O

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age \<18 years
* Pregnancy
* Decompensated heart insufficiency or acute coronary syndrome
* Severe COPD
* Major respiratory acidosis PaCO2\>60 mmHg
* Acute brain injury
* Severe liver insufficiency (Child-Pugh scores \>7) or fulminant hepatic failure
* Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
* Contraindication for systemic anticoagulation
* Patient moribund, decision to limit therapeutic interventions
* Catheter access to femoral vein or jugular vein impossible
* Pneumothorax
* Platelet \<50 G/l

Primary outcomes:
measure: Achievement of VT reduction to 4 mL/kg while maintaining pH and PaCO2 to ± 20% of baseline values obtained at VT of 6 mL/kg.
timeFrame: maximum 28 days
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Assessment of the changes in pH/ PaO2 /PaCO2
timeFrame: maximum 28 days
measure: Device CO2 clearance in the first 24 hours of ECCO2R
timeFrame: maximum 28 days
measure: Amount of CO2 removed by the ECCO2R device
timeFrame: maximum 28 days
measure: Evaluation of lung recruitment/derecruitment (FRC measurement by the ventilator, ECHO-LUS…)
timeFrame: maximum 28 days
measure: The frequency of serious adverse events (SAE).
timeFrame: maximum 28 days
Other outcomes:
Locations:
city: Different Locations and Several Countries
country: Belgium
facility: selected ICUs for the pilot phase
Study officials:
affiliation: La pitié-Salpétrière Hospital
name: Alain COMBES, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: University of Turin S.Giovanni Battista Molinette Hospital
name: Marco RANIERI, PhD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References:
citation: Dreyfuss D, Ricard JD, Saumon G, (2003) On the physiologic and clinical relevance of lung-borne cytokines during ventilator-induced lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 167: 1467-1471. Rouby JJ, Puybasset L, Nieszkowska A, Lu Q, (2003) Acute respiratory distress syndrome: lessons from computed tomography of the whole lung. Crit Care Med 31: S285-295. Dreyfuss D, Saumon G, (1998) Ventilator-induced lung injury: lessons from experimental studies. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157: 294-323. Frank JA, Parsons PE, Matthay MA, (2006) Pathogenetic significance of biological markers of ventilator-associated lung injury in experimental and clinical studies. Chest 130: 1906-1914. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. (2000) Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 342: 1301-1308. Terragni PP, Rosboch G, Tealdi A, Corno E, Menaldo E, Davini O, Gandini G, Herrmann P, Mascia L, Quintel M, Slutsky AS, Gattinoni L, Ranieri VM, (2007) Tidal hyperinflation during low tidal volume ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 175: 160-166. Hager DN, Krishnan JA, Hayden DL, Brower RG, (2005) Tidal volume reduction in patients with acute lung injury when plateau pressures are not high. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 172: 1241-1245. Needham DM, Colantuoni E, Mendez-Tellez PA, Dinglas VD, Sevransky JE, Dennison Himmelfarb CR, Desai SV, Shanholtz C, Brower RG, Pronovost PJ, (2012) Lung protective mechanical ventilation and two year survival in patients with acute lung injury: prospective cohort study. BMJ 344: e2124. Feihl F, Eckert P, Brimioulle S, Jacobs O, Schaller MD, Melot C, Naeije R, (2000) Permissive hypercapnia impairs pulmonary gas exchange in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162: 209-215.
citation: Combes A, Fanelli V, Pham T, Ranieri VM; European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Trials Group and the "Strategy of Ultra-Protective lung ventilation with Extracorporeal CO2 Removal for New-Onset moderate to severe ARDS" (SUPERNOVA) investigators. Feasibility and safety of extracorporeal CO2 removal to enhance protective ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome: the SUPERNOVA study. Intensive Care Med. 2019 May;45(5):592-600. doi: 10.1007/s00134-019-05567-4. Epub 2019 Feb 21.