Clinical trial NCT02551094: Colchicine Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial (COLCOT)
Official title: Colchicine Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial (COLCOT)
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Overall status: COMPLETED
Phase: PHASE3
Conditions: Coronary Artery Disease
Myocardial Infarction
Lead sponsor: Montreal Heart Institute
Sponsor class: OTHER
First posted: 2015-09-16
Enrollment: 4745
Sex: ALL
Minimum age (years): 18
Standard ages: ADULT
OLDER_ADULT
Accepts healthy volunteers: no
Allocation: RANDOMIZED
Intervention model: PARALLEL
Primary purpose: PREVENTION

Brief summary: The study evaluates whether long-term treatment with colchicine reduces rates of cardiovascular events in patients after myocardial infarction. Patients who have suffered a documented acute myocardial infarction within the last 30 days, are treated according to the national guidelines and after having completed any planned percutaneous revascularization procedures associated with their initial infarction will receive either colchicine (0.5 mg per day) or matching placebo (1:1 allocation ratio) for an estimated 2 years period or until the target of 301 primary endpoints has been reached.

Detailed description: Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral arterial disease. Research has clearly demonstrated that inflammation plays a key role in the initiation, progression and manifestations of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic lesions begin as an accumulation of lipid-laden cells (primarily macrophages) beneath the endothelium, and progress with the further accumulation of cells, connective-tissue elements, lipids and debris through immunological and inflammatory activation. Neutrophils and other inflammatory cells have been shown to invade culprit atherosclerotic lesions in acute coronary syndromes. It is likely that the inflammatory process is responsible for the high rate of cardiovascular events despite significant advances in the treatment of risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. It is vital to improve our understanding of the inflammatory nature of atherosclerotic disease and modify the inflammatory process with targeted therapies. Prospective cohort studies have consistently shown that high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and several other biomarkers of inflammation are independently associated with increasing risk of future cardiovascular events in different populations. This together with animal models showing that reduced inflammation has anti-atherosclerotic effects, create the impetus to test the hypothesis that treatment of the underlying inflammatory process will contribute to improved cardiovascular clinical outcomes. Colchicine is an inexpensive, yet potent, anti-inflammatory drug approved for acute use in patients with gout and chronic use in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever. The mechanism of action is through the inhibition of tubulin polymerization and potentially also through effects on cellular adhesion molecules and inflammatory chemokines. Colchicine may also have direct anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting key inflammatory signaling networks known as the inflammasome and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Through the disruption of the cytoskeleton, colchicine is believed to suppress secretion of cytokines and chemokines as well as in vitro platelet aggregation. Considerable work has highlighted the potential of colchicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases mediated by pro-inflammatory processes. More recently colchicine has been evaluated for its effect on cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Eligibility criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

* Males and females of at least 18 years of age capable and willing to provide informed consent
* Patient must have suffered a documented acute myocardial infarction within the last 30 days
* Patient must be treated according to national guidelines (including anti-platelet therapy, statin, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor (preferably angiotensin-converting enzyme) and beta-blocker when indicated)
* Patient must have completed any planned percutaneous revascularization procedures associated with his or her qualifying myocardial infarction
* Female patient is either not of childbearing potential, defined as postmenopausal for at least one year or surgically sterile, or is of childbearing potential and practicing at least one method of contraception and preferably two complementary forms of contraception
* Patient is judged to be in good general health as determined by the principal investigator
* Patient must be able and willing to comply with the requirements of this study protocol

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patient with a poorly controlled medical condition, such as New York Heart Association Class III-IV heart failure, a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 35%, recent stroke (within the past 3 months), or any other condition which in the opinion of the investigator, would put the patient at risk if participating in this study
* Patient with a Type 2 index MI (secondary to ischemic imbalance)
* Patient with a prior coronary artery bypass graft within the past 3 years, or planned
* Patient currently in cardiogenic shock or with hemodynamic instability
* Patient with a history of cancer or lymphoproliferative disease within the last 3 years other than a successfully treated non-metastatic cutaneous squamous cell or basal cell carcinoma and or localized carcinoma in situ of the cervix
* Patient with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) or patient with chronic diarrhea
* Patient with pre-existent progressive neuromuscular disease or patient with creatine phosphokinase level greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal (unless due to myocardial infarction which is allowed) as measured within the past 30 days and determined to be non-transient through repeat testing
* Patient with any of the following as measured within the past 30 days, and determined to be non-transient through repeat testing: hemoglobin less than 115 grams/L, white blood cell count less than 3.0 X 10(9)/L,platelet count less than 110 X 10(9)/L, alanine aminotransferase greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal, total bilirubin greater than 2 times the upper limit of normal (unless due to Gilbert syndrome, which is allowed), creatinine greater than 2 times the upper limit of normal
* Patient with a history of cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis or sever hepatic disease
* Female patient who is pregnant, or breast-feeding or is considering becoming pregnant during the study or for 6 months after the last dose of study medication
* Patient with a history of clinically significant drug or alcohol abuse in the last year
* Patient is currently using or plan to begin chronic systemic steroid therapy (oral or intravenous) during the study (topical or inhaled steroids are allowed)
* Patient currently taking colchicine for other indications (mainly chronic indications represented by Familial Mediterranean Fever or gout); there is no wash-out period required for patients who have been treated with colchicine and stopped treatment prior to enrollment
* Patient with history of an allergic reaction or significant sensitivity to colchicine
* Patient who has used an investigational chemical agent less than 30 days or 5 half-lives prior to the screening visit (whichever is longer)
* Patient is considered by he investigator, for any reason, to be an unsuitable candidate for the study

Primary outcomes:
measure: First Event of Cardiovascular Death, Resuscitated Cardiac Arrest, Acute Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, or Urgent Hospitalization for Angina Requiring Coronary Revascularization
timeFrame: From randomization to occurence of first event, assessed up to 3.5 years
Secondary outcomes:
measure: Death (Total Mortality)
timeFrame: From randomization to death, assessed up to 3.5 years
measure: Cardiovascular Death
timeFrame: From randomization to death, assessed up to 3.5 years
measure: Resuscitated Cardiac Arrest
timeFrame: From randomization to event, assessed up to 3.5 years
measure: Myocardial Infarction
timeFrame: From randomization to event, assessed up to 3.5 years
measure: Stroke
timeFrame: From randomization to event, assessed up to 3.5 years
measure: Urgent Hospitalization for Angina Requiring Coronary Revascularization
timeFrame: From randomization to event, assessed up to 3.5 years
measure: First Event of Cardiovascular Death, Resuscitated Cardiac Arrest, Acute MI or Stroke.
timeFrame: From randomization to occurence of first event, assessed up to 3.5 years
Other outcomes:
measure: First Event of Deep Venous Thrombosis or Pulmonary Embolus
timeFrame: From randomization to occurence of first event, assessed up to 3.5 years
measure: Atrial Fibrillation
timeFrame: From randomization to event, assessed up to 3.5 years
measure: Heart Failure Hospitalization
timeFrame: From randomization to event, assessed up to 3.5 years
measure: Coronary Revascularization
timeFrame: From randomization to event, assessed up to 3.5 years
Locations:
city: Montreal
country: Canada
facility: Montreal Heart Institute
state: Quebec
Study officials:
affiliation: Montreal Heart Institute
name: Jean-Claude Tardif, MD
role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
affiliation: Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre
name: Andreas Orfanos, MD
role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
References:
citation: Bouabdallaoui N, Tardif JC, Waters DD, Pinto FJ, Maggioni AP, Diaz R, Berry C, Koenig W, Lopez-Sendon J, Gamra H, Kiwan GS, Blondeau L, Orfanos A, Ibrahim R, Gregoire JC, Dube MP, Samuel M, Morel O, Lim P, Bertrand OF, Kouz S, Guertin MC, L'Allier PL, Roubille F. Time-to-treatment initiation of colchicine and cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction in the Colchicine Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial (COLCOT). Eur Heart J. 2020 Nov 7;41(42):4092-4099. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa659.
citation: Tardif JC, Kouz S, Waters DD, Bertrand OF, Diaz R, Maggioni AP, Pinto FJ, Ibrahim R, Gamra H, Kiwan GS, Berry C, Lopez-Sendon J, Ostadal P, Koenig W, Angoulvant D, Gregoire JC, Lavoie MA, Dube MP, Rhainds D, Provencher M, Blondeau L, Orfanos A, L'Allier PL, Guertin MC, Roubille F. Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Colchicine after Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med. 2019 Dec 26;381(26):2497-2505. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1912388. Epub 2019 Nov 16.