Protein: DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G (EC 3.5.4.38) (APOBEC-related cytidine deaminase) (APOBEC-related protein) (ARCD) (APOBEC-related protein 9) (ARP-9) (CEM-15) (CEM15) (Deoxycytidine deaminase) (A3G) (Q9HC16)
Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Function: DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Exhibits potent antiviral activity against Vif-deficient HIV-1. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination-independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single- or double-stranded RNA. Exhibits antiviral activity also against simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), hepatitis B virus (HBV), equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), xenotropic MuLV-related virus (XMRV) and simian foamy virus (SFV). May inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons.
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12808466, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16527742, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16699599, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18667511, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21659520, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21835787}. Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18667511}. Cytoplasm, P-body {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16699599, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22915799}. Note=Mainly cytoplasmic (PubMed:16527742, PubMed:16699599, PubMed:21835787). Small amount are found in the nucleus (PubMed:18667511). During HIV-1 infection, virion-encapsidated in absence of HIV-1 Vif (PubMed:12859895). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12859895, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16527742, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16699599, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18667511, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21835787}.
InterPro domains:
- IPR016193: Cytidine deaminase-like (homologous_superfamily) [250-362]
- IPR002125: Cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase domain (domain) [29-328]
- IPR016192: APOBEC/CMP deaminase, zinc-binding (binding_site) [257-295]
- IPR050610: APOBEC Cytidine Deaminase (family) [194-381]
Sequence:
MKPHFRNTVERMYRDTFSYNFYNRPILSRRNTVWLCYEVKTKGPSRPPLDAKIFRGQVYSELKYHPEMRFFHWFSKWRKLHRDQEYEVTWYISWSPCTKCTRDMATFLAEDPKVTLTIFVARLYYFWDPDYQEALRSLCQKRDGPRATMKIMNYDEFQHCWSKFVYSQRELFEPWNNLPKYYILLHIMLGEILRHSMDPPTFTFNFNNEPWVRGRHETYLCYEVERMHNDTWVLLNQRRGFLCNQAPHKHGFLEGRHAELCFLDVIPFWKLDLDQDYRVTCFTSWSPCFSCAQEMAKFISKNKHVSLCIFTARIYDDQGRCQEGLRTLAEAGAKISIMTYSEFKHCWDTFVDHQGCPFQPWDGLDEHSQDLSGRLRAILQNQEN
Predicted GO terms:
Molecular Function (MF): GO:0003674 (molecular function), GO:0005488 (binding), GO:0097159 (organic cyclic compound binding), GO:1901363 (heterocyclic compound binding), GO:0005515 (protein binding), GO:0003676 (nucleic acid binding), GO:0003723 (RNA binding)
Biological Process (BP): GO:0008150 (biological process), GO:0008152 (metabolic process), GO:0065007 (biological regulation), GO:0050789 (regulation of biological process), GO:0009987 (cellular process), GO:0048519 (negative regulation of biological process), GO:0044237 (cellular metabolic process), GO:0044281 (small molecule metabolic process), GO:0006807 (nitrogen compound metabolic process), GO:0050794 (regulation of cellular process), GO:0050792 (regulation of viral process), GO:0071704 (organic substance metabolic process), GO:0048525 (negative regulation of viral process), GO:0070988 (demethylation), GO:0048523 (negative regulation of cellular process), GO:0009056 (catabolic process), GO:0044238 (primary metabolic process), GO:0045069 (regulation of viral genome replication), GO:1901360 (organic cyclic compound metabolic process), GO:1901564 (organonitrogen compound metabolic process), GO:0010529 (negative regulation of transposition), GO:1903900 (regulation of viral life cycle), GO:0044282 (small molecule catabolic process), GO:0006139 (nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process), GO:0010528 (regulation of transposition), GO:0046483 (heterocycle metabolic process), GO:0055086 (nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process), GO:0044248 (cellular catabolic process), GO:0080111 (DNA demethylation), GO:0006725 (cellular aromatic compound metabolic process), GO:0034641 (cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process), GO:0045071 (negative regulation of viral genome replication), GO:1901575 (organic substance catabolic process), GO:0044260 (cellular macromolecule metabolic process), GO:0043170 (macromolecule metabolic process), GO:1901135 (carbohydrate derivative metabolic process), GO:0034655 (nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process), GO:0044270 (cellular nitrogen compound catabolic process), GO:0043412 (macromolecule modification), GO:1901565 (organonitrogen compound catabolic process), GO:0090304 (nucleic acid metabolic process), GO:1901136 (carbohydrate derivative catabolic process), GO:0019439 (aromatic compound catabolic process), GO:1901361 (organic cyclic compound catabolic process), GO:0009116 (nucleoside metabolic process), GO:0046700 (heterocycle catabolic process), GO:0006259 (DNA metabolic process), GO:1901657 (glycosyl compound metabolic process), GO:0034656 (nucleobase-containing small molecule catabolic process), GO:0072527 (pyrimidine-containing compound metabolic process), GO:0009164 (nucleoside catabolic process), GO:0006304 (DNA modification), GO:1901658 (glycosyl compound catabolic process), GO:0006213 (pyrimidine nucleoside metabolic process), GO:0009119 (ribonucleoside metabolic process), GO:0072529 (pyrimidine-containing compound catabolic process), GO:0046131 (pyrimidine ribonucleoside metabolic process), GO:0035510 (DNA dealkylation), GO:0042454 (ribonucleoside catabolic process), GO:0046135 (pyrimidine nucleoside catabolic process), GO:0046133 (pyrimidine ribonucleoside catabolic process)
Cellular Component (CC): GO:0005575 (cellular component), GO:0110165 (cellular anatomical entity), GO:0005622 (intracellular anatomical structure), GO:0043226 (organelle), GO:0005737 (cytoplasm), GO:0043229 (intracellular organelle), GO:0043227 (membrane-bounded organelle), GO:0043231 (intracellular membrane-bounded organelle), GO:0005634 (nucleus)