Protein: Reverse gyrase (O51934)
Organism: Thermotoga maritima (strain ATCC 43589 / DSM 3109 / JCM 10099 / NBRC 100826
Function: Modifies the topological state of DNA by introducing positive supercoils in an ATP-dependent process. Increases the linking number in steps of +1 (Probable). Probably recognizes regions with a low GC content which melt and form a ssDNA bubble, allowing the enzyme to bind and cleave the DNA prior to strand passage; the bubble is probably cleaved by 2 reverse gyrase molecules, one on each strand (Probable). Positively supercoils DNA with all NTPS, although it strongly prefers ATP. In the presence of non-hydrolyzable ATP analogs it partially relaxes negative supercoils. Has an intrinsic ATPase activity that is stimulated by DNA; ssDNA is most effective. Binds to single-stranded DNA, transiently cleaves and then rejoins the ends, introducing a positive supercoil in the process. The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA-(5'-phosphotyrosyl)- enzyme intermediate (Probable). The helicase-like domain is a nucleotide-dependent switch that alternates between a physically closed ATP-bound state with a slight preference for dsDNA, and an open ADP-bound state with a high preference for ssDNA . Whole enzyme has a very poor (k-unwind=0.001 sec(- 1)) non-processive helicase activity in the 3'-5' direction that works on short substrates, while the isolated helicase domain has a slightly better helicase activity that works in both directions . Probably involved in rewinding DNA strands in regions of the chromosome that have opened up to allow replication, transcription, DNA repair and/or for DNA protection
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm
InterPro domains:
- IPR003593: AAA+ ATPase domain (domain) [92-280]
- IPR040569: Reverse gyrase, zinc finger (domain) [1-50]
- IPR013826: DNA topoisomerase, type IA, central region, subdomain 3 (homologous_superfamily) [814-935]
- IPR014001: Helicase superfamily 1/2, ATP-binding domain (domain) [75-291]
- IPR003602: DNA topoisomerase, type IA, DNA-binding domain (domain) [804-1053]
- IPR013824: DNA topoisomerase, type IA, central region, subdomain 1 (homologous_superfamily) [720-1095]
- IPR034142: Reverse gyrase, TOPRIM domain (domain) [542-711]
- IPR013497: DNA topoisomerase, type IA, central (domain) [663-1101]
- IPR023405: DNA topoisomerase, type IA, core domain (homologous_superfamily) [541-1100]
- IPR011545: DEAD/DEAH-box helicase domain (domain) [82-217]
- IPR005736: Reverse gyrase (family) [2-1102]
- IPR003601: DNA topoisomerase, type IA, domain 2 (domain) [690-778]
- IPR027417: P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase (homologous_superfamily) [6-541]
- IPR006171: TOPRIM domain (domain) [542-699]
Sequence:
MAVNSKYHHSCINCGGLNTDERNERGLPCEVCLPEDSPSDIYRALLERKTLKEYRFYHEFWNEYEDFRSFFKKKFGKDLTGYQRLWAKRIVQGKSFTMVAPTGVGKTTFGMMTALWLARKGKKSALVFPTVTLVKQTLERLQKLADEKVKIFGFYSSMKKEEKEKFEKSFEEDDYHILVFSTQFVSKNREKLSQKRFDFVFVDDVDAVLKASRNIDTLLMMVGIPEEIIRKAFSTIKQGKIYERPKNLKPGILVVSSATAKPRGIRPLLFRDLLNFTVGRLVSVARNITHVRISSRSKEKLVELLEIFRDGILIFAQTEEEGKELYEYLKRFKFNVGETWSEFEKNFEDFKVGKINILIGVQAYYGKLTRGVDLPERIKYVIFWGTPSMRFSLELDKAPRFVLARVLKEMGLIKAQENPDVEELRKIAKEHLTQKEFVEKVKEMFRGVVVKDEDLELIIPDVYTYIQASGRSSRILNGVLVKGVSVIFEEDEEIFESLKTRLLLIAEEEIIEEAEANWKELVHEVEESRRRSERELTDTSRSLLIIVESPTKAETLSRFLGRASSRKERNIIVHEAVTGEGVILFTATRGHVYDLVTKGGIHGVEEENGKFVPVYNSLKRCRDCGYQFTEDRDECPVCSSKNIDDKTETLRALREISLEADEILVATDPDVEGEKISWDVTQYLLPSTRSLRRIEMHEITRYGFKKARESVRFVDFNLVKAQIVRRVQDRWIGFELSGKLQKRFGRSNLSAGRVQSTVLGWIVEREEEYKKSEKDFTLLVLENGVNLEVEGKIADDVVTVVELQEAEEEKNPLPPYTTSSALSEISQKLRLGVQEVMDILQDLFEKGFITYHRTDSTRISLEGQNVARTYLRKIGKEDIFMGRSWSTEGAHEAIRPVKPIDARELEEMIEEGLIADLTKKHLRVYELIFNRFLASQSAAVKVKKQIVTVDVDGKRMGIEQIVEILRDGWNLFVPLTVSPRFEHRTYKIKEKKFYKKHTVPLFTQASIVEEMKKRGIGRPSTYAKIVEVLFRRGYVYEDKYKRVRPTRFGVMVYSYLKERYEKYVTEETTRRLEEIMDKVERGEEDYQATLRLLYEEIKSLMEEG
Predicted GO terms:
Molecular Function (MF): GO:0003674 (molecular function), GO:0005488 (binding), GO:0005515 (protein binding), GO:0042802 (identical protein binding)
Biological Process (BP): GO:0008150 (biological process), GO:0008152 (metabolic process), GO:0009987 (cellular process), GO:0071840 (cellular component organization or biogenesis), GO:0044237 (cellular metabolic process), GO:0071704 (organic substance metabolic process), GO:0044238 (primary metabolic process), GO:0006807 (nitrogen compound metabolic process), GO:0016043 (cellular component organization), GO:0006725 (cellular aromatic compound metabolic process), GO:0034641 (cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process), GO:1901360 (organic cyclic compound metabolic process), GO:0006139 (nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process), GO:0044260 (cellular macromolecule metabolic process), GO:0043170 (macromolecule metabolic process), GO:0046483 (heterocycle metabolic process), GO:0006259 (DNA metabolic process), GO:0006996 (organelle organization), GO:0090304 (nucleic acid metabolic process), GO:0006265 (DNA topological change), GO:0051276 (chromosome organization), GO:0071103 (DNA conformation change)
Cellular Component (CC): GO:0005575 (cellular component), GO:0032991 (protein-containing complex), GO:1902494 (catalytic complex), GO:0140535 (intracellular protein-containing complex)