Protein: Metabotropic glycine receptor (Q5T848)
Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Function: Metabotropic receptor for glycine that controls synapse formation and function in the brain. Acts as an atypical G-protein coupled receptor that recruits and regulates the RGS7-GNB5 complex instead of activating G proteins. In absence of glycine ligand, promotes the GTPase activator activity of RGS7, increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form . Glycine-binding changes the conformation of the intracellular surface, inhibiting the GTPase activator activity of the RGS7-GNB5 complex, promoting G protein alpha subunits into their active GTP-bound form and regulating cAMP levels. Also able to bind taurine, a compound closely related to glycine, but with a two- fold lower affinity. Glycine receptor-dependent regulation of cAMP controls key ion channels, kinases and neurotrophic factors involved in neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission . Plays a pivotal role in regulating mood and cognition via its ability to regulate neuronal excitability in L2/L3 pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex (By similarity). Also involved in spatial learning by regulating hippocampal CA1 neuronal excitability (By similarity). Acts as a synaptic organizer in the hippocampus, required for proper mossy fiber-CA3 neurocircuitry establishment, structure and function: induces presynaptic differentiation in contacting axons via its interaction with GPC4 (By similarity). In addition to glycine, may also act as a receptor for osteocalcin (BGLAP) hormone: osteocalcin-binding initiates a signaling response that prevents neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus and regulates the synthesis of neurotransmitters (By similarity)
Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Postsynaptic cell membrane ; Multi-pass membrane protein . Presynaptic cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Nucleus. Note=Mainly localizes to the postsynaptic membrane, with a small portion to the presynaptic membrane (By similarity). Trafficks between the nucleus and the cell membrane; it is unclear how a multi-pass membrane protein can traffick between the nucleus and the cell membrane
InterPro domains:
- IPR043458: G-protein coupled receptor 158/179 (family) [8-1051]
- IPR017978: GPCR family 3, C-terminal (domain) [413-666]
- IPR054714: GPR158/179, extracellular domain (domain) [264-359]
Sequence:
MGAMAYPLLLCLLLAQLGLGAVGASRDPQGRPDSPRERTPKGKPHAQQPGRASASDSSAPWSRSTDGTILAQKLAEEVPMDVASYLYTGDSHQLKRANCSGRYELAGLPGKWPALASAHPSLHRALDTLTHATNFLNVMLQSNKSREQNLQDDLDWYQALVWSLLEGEPSISRAAITFSTDSLSAPAPQVFLQATREESRILLQDLSSSAPHLANATLETEWFHGLRRKWRPHLHRRGPNQGPRGLGHSWRRKDGLGGDKSHFKWSPPYLECENGSYKPGWLVTLSSAIYGLQPNLVPEFRGVMKVDINLQKVDIDQCSSDGWFSGTHKCHLNNSECMPIKGLGFVLGAYECICKAGFYHPGVLPVNNFRRRGPDQHISGSTKDVSEEAYVCLPCREGCPFCADDSPCFVQEDKYLRLAIISFQALCMLLDFVSMLVVYHFRKAKSIRASGLILLETILFGSLLLYFPVVILYFEPSTFRCILLRWARLLGFATVYGTVTLKLHRVLKVFLSRTAQRIPYMTGGRVMRMLAVILLVVFWFLIGWTSSVCQNLEKQISLIGQGKTSDHLIFNMCLIDRWDYMTAVAEFLFLLWGVYLCYAVRTVPSAFHEPRYMAVAVHNELIISAIFHTIRFVLASRLQSDWMLMLYFAHTHLTVTVTIGLLLIPKFSHSSNNPRDDIATEAYEDELDMGRSGSYLNSSINSAWSEHSLDPEDIRDELKKLYAQLEIYKRKKMITNNPHLQKKRCSKKGLGRSIMRRITEIPETVSRQCSKEDKEGADHGTAKGTALIRKNPPESSGNTGKSKEETLKNRVFSLKKSHSTYDHVRDQTEESSSLPTESQEEETTENSTLESLSGKKLTQKLKEDSEAESTESVPLVCKSASAHNLSSEKKTGHPRTSMLQKSLSVIASAKEKTLGLAGKTQTAGVEERTKSQKPLPKDKETNRNHSNSDNTETKDPAPQNSNPAEEPRKPQKSGIMKQQRVNPTTANSDLNPGTTQMKDNFDIGEVCPWEVYDLTPGPVPSESKVQKHVSIVASEMEKNPTFSLKEKSHHKPKAAEVCQQSNQKRIDKAEVCLWESQGQSILEDEKLLISKTPVLPERAKEENGGQPRAANVCAGQSEELPPKAVASKTENENLNQIGHQEKKTSSSEENVRGSYNSSNNFQQPLTSRAEVCPWEFETPAQPNAGRSVALPASSALSANKIAGPRKEEIWDSFKV
Predicted GO terms:
Molecular Function (MF): GO:0003674 (molecular function), GO:0005488 (binding), GO:0005515 (protein binding)
Biological Process (BP): GO:0008150 (biological process), GO:0032501 (multicellular organismal process), GO:0003008 (system process), GO:0050877 (nervous system process), GO:0007600 (sensory perception), GO:0050953 (sensory perception of light stimulus), GO:0007601 (visual perception)
Cellular Component (CC): GO:0005575 (cellular component), GO:0110165 (cellular anatomical entity), GO:0071944 (cell periphery), GO:0016020 (membrane), GO:0005886 (plasma membrane)