Question: What happens when a tin pest occurs in lead-free solders?

Answer: leading to loss of the soldered joint

Tin has long been used as a solder in the form of an alloy with lead, tin accounting for 5 to 70% w/w. Tin forms a eutectic mixture with lead containing 63% tin and 37% lead. Such solders are primarily used for joining pipes or electric circuits. Since the European Union Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive) and Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive came into effect on 1 July 2006, the use of lead in such alloys has decreased. Replacing lead has many problems, including a higher melting point, and the formation of tin whiskers causing electrical problems. <hl> Tin pest can occur in lead-free solders, leading to loss of the soldered joint . <hl> Replacement alloys are rapidly being found, although problems of joint integrity remain.

Tin has long been used as a solder in the form of an alloy with lead, tin accounting for 5 to 70% w/w. Tin forms a eutectic mixture with lead containing 63% tin and 37% lead. Such solders are primarily used for joining pipes or electric circuits. Since the European Union Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive) and Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive came into effect on 1 July 2006, the use of lead in such alloys has decreased. Replacing lead has many problems, including a higher melting point, and the formation of tin whiskers causing electrical problems. Tin pest can occur in lead-free solders, <hl> leading to loss of the soldered joint <hl>. Replacement alloys are rapidly being found, although problems of joint integrity remain.

Tin pest can occur in lead-free solders, <hl> leading to loss of the soldered joint <hl> .


Question: What are the uses of Tin?

Tin bonds readily to iron and is used for coating lead, zinc and steel to prevent corrosion. Tin-plated steel containers are widely used for food preservation, and this forms a large part of the market for metallic tin. A tinplate canister for preserving food was first manufactured in London in 1812. Speakers of British English call them "tins", while speakers of American English call them "cans" or "tin cans". One thus-derived use of the slang term "tinnie" or "tinny" means "can of beer". The tin whistle is so called because it was first mass-produced in tin-plated steel.

Answer: used for coating lead, zinc and steel to prevent corrosion. Tin-plated steel containers are widely used for food preservation

<hl> Tin bonds readily to iron and is used for coating lead, zinc and steel to prevent corrosion. Tin-plated steel containers are widely used for food preservation , and this forms a large part of the market for metallic tin. <hl> A tinplate canister for preserving food was first manufactured in London in 1812. Speakers of British English call them "tins", while speakers of American English call them "cans" or "tin cans". One thus-derived use of the slang term "tinnie" or "tinny" means "can of beer". The tin whistle is so called because it was first mass-produced in tin-plated steel.

Tin bonds readily to iron and is <hl> used for coating lead, zinc and steel to prevent corrosion. Tin-plated steel containers are widely used for food preservation <hl>, and this forms a large part of the market for metallic tin. A tinplate canister for preserving food was first manufactured in London in 1812. Speakers of British English call them "tins", while speakers of American English call them "cans" or "tin cans". One thus-derived use of the slang term "tinnie" or "tinny" means "can of beer". The tin whistle is so called because it was first mass-produced in tin-plated steel.

Tin bonds readily to iron and is <hl> used for coating lead, zinc and steel to prevent corrosion. Tin-plated steel containers are widely used for food preservation <hl> , and this forms a large part of the market for metallic tin.


Question: When was a tinplate canister for preserving food first manufactured?

Answer: in London in 1812.

Tin bonds readily to iron and is used for coating lead, zinc and steel to prevent corrosion. Tin-plated steel containers are widely used for food preservation, and this forms a large part of the market for metallic tin. <hl> A tinplate canister for preserving food was first manufactured in London in 1812. Speakers of British English call them "tins", while speakers of American English call them "cans" or "tin cans". <hl> One thus-derived use of the slang term "tinnie" or "tinny" means "can of beer". The tin whistle is so called because it was first mass-produced in tin-plated steel.

Tin bonds readily to iron and is used for coating lead, zinc and steel to prevent corrosion. Tin-plated steel containers are widely used for food preservation, and this forms a large part of the market for metallic tin. A tinplate canister for preserving food was first manufactured <hl> in London in 1812. <hl> Speakers of British English call them "tins", while speakers of American English call them "cans" or "tin cans". One thus-derived use of the slang term "tinnie" or "tinny" means "can of beer". The tin whistle is so called because it was first mass-produced in tin-plated steel.


Question: What do speakers of American English call a tinplate canister for preserving food?

Answer: "cans" or "tin cans"

Tin bonds readily to iron and is used for coating lead, zinc and steel to prevent corrosion. Tin-plated steel containers are widely used for food preservation, and this forms a large part of the market for metallic tin. A tinplate canister for preserving food was first manufactured in London in 1812. <hl> Speakers of British English call them "tins", while speakers of American English call them "cans" or "tin cans" . <hl> One thus-derived use of the slang term "tinnie" or "tinny" means "can of beer". The tin whistle is so called because it was first mass-produced in tin-plated steel.

Tin bonds readily to iron and is used for coating lead, zinc and steel to prevent corrosion. Tin-plated steel containers are widely used for food preservation, and this forms a large part of the market for metallic tin. A tinplate canister for preserving food was first manufactured in London in 1812. Speakers of British English call them "tins", while speakers of American English call them <hl> "cans" or "tin cans" <hl>. One thus-derived use of the slang term "tinnie" or "tinny" means "can of beer". The tin whistle is so called because it was first mass-produced in tin-plated steel.

Speakers of British English call them "tins", while speakers of American English call them <hl> "cans" or "tin cans" <hl> .


Question: The slang term tinny means?

Answer: can of beer"

Tin bonds readily to iron and is used for coating lead, zinc and steel to prevent corrosion. Tin-plated steel containers are widely used for food preservation, and this forms a large part of the market for metallic tin. A tinplate canister for preserving food was first manufactured in London in 1812. Speakers of British English call them "tins", while speakers of American English call them "cans" or "tin cans". <hl> One thus-derived use of the slang term "tinnie" or "tinny" means " can of beer" . <hl> The tin whistle is so called because it was first mass-produced in tin-plated steel.

Tin bonds readily to iron and is used for coating lead, zinc and steel to prevent corrosion. Tin-plated steel containers are widely used for food preservation, and this forms a large part of the market for metallic tin. A tinplate canister for preserving food was first manufactured in London in 1812. Speakers of British English call them "tins", while speakers of American English call them "cans" or "tin cans". One thus-derived use of the slang term "tinnie" or "tinny" means "<hl> can of beer" <hl>. The tin whistle is so called because it was first mass-produced in tin-plated steel.

One thus-derived use of the slang term "tinnie" or "tinny" means " <hl> can of beer" <hl> .


Question: Why is the tin whistle so called?

Answer: because it was first mass-produced in tin-plated steel

Tin bonds readily to iron and is used for coating lead, zinc and steel to prevent corrosion. Tin-plated steel containers are widely used for food preservation, and this forms a large part of the market for metallic tin. A tinplate canister for preserving food was first manufactured in London in 1812. Speakers of British English call them "tins", while speakers of American English call them "cans" or "tin cans". One thus-derived use of the slang term "tinnie" or "tinny" means "can of beer". <hl> The tin whistle is so called because it was first mass-produced in tin-plated steel . <hl>

Tin bonds readily to iron and is used for coating lead, zinc and steel to prevent corrosion. Tin-plated steel containers are widely used for food preservation, and this forms a large part of the market for metallic tin. A tinplate canister for preserving food was first manufactured in London in 1812. Speakers of British English call them "tins", while speakers of American English call them "cans" or "tin cans". One thus-derived use of the slang term "tinnie" or "tinny" means "can of beer". The tin whistle is so called <hl> because it was first mass-produced in tin-plated steel <hl>.

The tin whistle is so called <hl> because it was first mass-produced in tin-plated steel <hl> .


Question: What is the name of the metal that tin is most commonly alloyed with?

Tin in combination with other elements forms a wide variety of useful alloys. Tin is most commonly alloyed with copper. Pewter is 85–99% tin; Bearing metal has a high percentage of tin as well. Bronze is mostly copper (12% tin), while addition of phosphorus gives phosphor bronze. Bell metal is also a copper-tin alloy, containing 22% tin. Tin has also sometimes been used in coinage; for example, it once formed a single-digit figure percentage (usually five percent or less) of the American and Canadian pennies. Because copper is often the major metal in such coins, and zinc is sometimes present as well, these could technically be called bronze and/or brass alloys.

Answer: copper

Tin in combination with other elements forms a wide variety of useful alloys. <hl> Tin is most commonly alloyed with copper . <hl> Pewter is 85–99% tin; Bearing metal has a high percentage of tin as well. Bronze is mostly copper (12% tin), while addition of phosphorus gives phosphor bronze. Bell metal is also a copper-tin alloy, containing 22% tin. Tin has also sometimes been used in coinage; for example, it once formed a single-digit figure percentage (usually five percent or less) of the American and Canadian pennies. Because copper is often the major metal in such coins, and zinc is sometimes present as well, these could technically be called bronze and/or brass alloys.

Tin in combination with other elements forms a wide variety of useful alloys. Tin is most commonly alloyed with <hl> copper <hl>. Pewter is 85–99% tin; Bearing metal has a high percentage of tin as well. Bronze is mostly copper (12% tin), while addition of phosphorus gives phosphor bronze. Bell metal is also a copper-tin alloy, containing 22% tin. Tin has also sometimes been used in coinage; for example, it once formed a single-digit figure percentage (usually five percent or less) of the American and Canadian pennies. Because copper is often the major metal in such coins, and zinc is sometimes present as well, these could technically be called bronze and/or brass alloys.

Tin is most commonly alloyed with <hl> copper <hl> .


Question: What is the major metal in the American and Canadian pennies?

Answer: Tin

<hl> Tin in combination with other elements forms a wide variety of useful alloys. <hl> Tin is most commonly alloyed with copper. Pewter is 85–99% tin; Bearing metal has a high percentage of tin as well. Bronze is mostly copper (12% tin), while addition of phosphorus gives phosphor bronze. Bell metal is also a copper-tin alloy, containing 22% tin. Tin has also sometimes been used in coinage; for example, it once formed a single-digit figure percentage (usually five percent or less) of the American and Canadian pennies. Because copper is often the major metal in such coins, and zinc is sometimes present as well, these could technically be called bronze and/or brass alloys.

<hl> Tin <hl> in combination with other elements forms a wide variety of useful alloys. Tin is most commonly alloyed with copper. Pewter is 85–99% tin; Bearing metal has a high percentage of tin as well. Bronze is mostly copper (12% tin), while addition of phosphorus gives phosphor bronze. Bell metal is also a copper-tin alloy, containing 22% tin. Tin has also sometimes been used in coinage; for example, it once formed a single-digit figure percentage (usually five percent or less) of the American and Canadian pennies. Because copper is often the major metal in such coins, and zinc is sometimes present as well, these could technically be called bronze and/or brass alloys.


Question: What do we call a metal alloy containing both zinc and copper?

Answer: bronze and/or brass alloys

Tin in combination with other elements forms a wide variety of useful alloys. Tin is most commonly alloyed with copper. Pewter is 85–99% tin; Bearing metal has a high percentage of tin as well. Bronze is mostly copper (12% tin), while addition of phosphorus gives phosphor bronze. Bell metal is also a copper-tin alloy, containing 22% tin. Tin has also sometimes been used in coinage; for example, it once formed a single-digit figure percentage (usually five percent or less) of the American and Canadian pennies. <hl> Because copper is often the major metal in such coins, and zinc is sometimes present as well, these could technically be called bronze and/or brass alloys . <hl>

Tin in combination with other elements forms a wide variety of useful alloys. Tin is most commonly alloyed with copper. Pewter is 85–99% tin; Bearing metal has a high percentage of tin as well. Bronze is mostly copper (12% tin), while addition of phosphorus gives phosphor bronze. Bell metal is also a copper-tin alloy, containing 22% tin. Tin has also sometimes been used in coinage; for example, it once formed a single-digit figure percentage (usually five percent or less) of the American and Canadian pennies. Because copper is often the major metal in such coins, and zinc is sometimes present as well, these could technically be called <hl> bronze and/or brass alloys <hl>.

Because copper is often the major metal in such coins, and zinc is sometimes present as well, these could technically be called <hl> bronze and/or brass alloys <hl> .


Question: What is phosphor bronze?

Answer: Bronze is mostly copper (12% tin), while addition of phosphorus gives phosphor bronze

Tin in combination with other elements forms a wide variety of useful alloys. Tin is most commonly alloyed with copper. Pewter is 85–99% tin; Bearing metal has a high percentage of tin as well. <hl> Bronze is mostly copper (12% tin), while addition of phosphorus gives phosphor bronze . <hl> Bell metal is also a copper-tin alloy, containing 22% tin. Tin has also sometimes been used in coinage; for example, it once formed a single-digit figure percentage (usually five percent or less) of the American and Canadian pennies. Because copper is often the major metal in such coins, and zinc is sometimes present as well, these could technically be called bronze and/or brass alloys.

Tin in combination with other elements forms a wide variety of useful alloys. Tin is most commonly alloyed with copper. Pewter is 85–99% tin; Bearing metal has a high percentage of tin as well. <hl> Bronze is mostly copper (12% tin), while addition of phosphorus gives phosphor bronze <hl>. Bell metal is also a copper-tin alloy, containing 22% tin. Tin has also sometimes been used in coinage; for example, it once formed a single-digit figure percentage (usually five percent or less) of the American and Canadian pennies. Because copper is often the major metal in such coins, and zinc is sometimes present as well, these could technically be called bronze and/or brass alloys.

<hl> Bronze is mostly copper (12% tin), while addition of phosphorus gives phosphor bronze <hl> .


Question: Name a copper-tin alloy containing 22% tin

Answer: Bell metal

Tin in combination with other elements forms a wide variety of useful alloys. Tin is most commonly alloyed with copper. Pewter is 85–99% tin; Bearing metal has a high percentage of tin as well. Bronze is mostly copper (12% tin), while addition of phosphorus gives phosphor bronze. <hl> Bell metal is also a copper-tin alloy, containing 22% tin. <hl> Tin has also sometimes been used in coinage; for example, it once formed a single-digit figure percentage (usually five percent or less) of the American and Canadian pennies. Because copper is often the major metal in such coins, and zinc is sometimes present as well, these could technically be called bronze and/or brass alloys.

Tin in combination with other elements forms a wide variety of useful alloys. Tin is most commonly alloyed with copper. Pewter is 85–99% tin; Bearing metal has a high percentage of tin as well. Bronze is mostly copper (12% tin), while addition of phosphorus gives phosphor bronze. <hl> Bell metal <hl> is also a copper-tin alloy, containing 22% tin. Tin has also sometimes been used in coinage; for example, it once formed a single-digit figure percentage (usually five percent or less) of the American and Canadian pennies. Because copper is often the major metal in such coins, and zinc is sometimes present as well, these could technically be called bronze and/or brass alloys.


Question: What is the chemical symbol for the niobium-tin compound?

The niobium-tin compound Nb3Sn is commercially used as wires for superconducting magnets, due to the material's high critical temperature (18 K) and critical magnetic field (25 T). A superconducting magnet weighing as little as two kilograms is capable of producing magnetic fields comparable to a conventional electromagnet weighing tons.

Answer: Nb3Sn

<hl> The niobium-tin compound Nb3Sn is commercially used as wires for superconducting magnets, due to the material's high critical temperature (18 K) and critical magnetic field (25 T). <hl> A superconducting magnet weighing as little as two kilograms is capable of producing magnetic fields comparable to a conventional electromagnet weighing tons.

The niobium-tin compound <hl> Nb3Sn <hl> is commercially used as wires for superconducting magnets, due to the material's high critical temperature (18 K) and critical magnetic field (25 T). A superconducting magnet weighing as little as two kilograms is capable of producing magnetic fields comparable to a conventional electromagnet weighing tons.


Question: What is the main usage of the niobium- tin compound?

Answer: commercially used as wires for superconducting magnets

<hl> The niobium-tin compound Nb3Sn is commercially used as wires for superconducting magnets , due to the material's high critical temperature (18 K) and critical magnetic field (25 T). <hl> A superconducting magnet weighing as little as two kilograms is capable of producing magnetic fields comparable to a conventional electromagnet weighing tons.

The niobium-tin compound Nb3Sn is <hl> commercially used as wires for superconducting magnets <hl>, due to the material's high critical temperature (18 K) and critical magnetic field (25 T). A superconducting magnet weighing as little as two kilograms is capable of producing magnetic fields comparable to a conventional electromagnet weighing tons.

The niobium-tin compound Nb3Sn is <hl> commercially used as wires for superconducting magnets <hl> , due to the material's high critical temperature (18 K) and critical magnetic field (25 T).


Question: What is the nobium-tin compound critical magnetic field?

Answer: (25 T)

<hl> The niobium-tin compound Nb3Sn is commercially used as wires for superconducting magnets, due to the material's high critical temperature (18 K) and critical magnetic field (25 T) . <hl> A superconducting magnet weighing as little as two kilograms is capable of producing magnetic fields comparable to a conventional electromagnet weighing tons.

The niobium-tin compound Nb3Sn is commercially used as wires for superconducting magnets, due to the material's high critical temperature (18 K) and critical magnetic field <hl> (25 T) <hl>. A superconducting magnet weighing as little as two kilograms is capable of producing magnetic fields comparable to a conventional electromagnet weighing tons.

The niobium-tin compound Nb3Sn is commercially used as wires for superconducting magnets, due to the material's high critical temperature (18 K) and critical magnetic field <hl> (25 T) <hl> .


Question: How much magnetic fields can a 3Kg superconducting weighing magnet produce?

Answer: A superconducting magnet weighing as little as two kilograms is capable of producing magnetic fields comparable to a conventional electromagnet weighing tons

The niobium-tin compound Nb3Sn is commercially used as wires for superconducting magnets, due to the material's high critical temperature (18 K) and critical magnetic field (25 T). <hl> A superconducting magnet weighing as little as two kilograms is capable of producing magnetic fields comparable to a conventional electromagnet weighing tons . <hl>

The niobium-tin compound Nb3Sn is commercially used as wires for superconducting magnets, due to the material's high critical temperature (18 K) and critical magnetic field (25 T). <hl> A superconducting magnet weighing as little as two kilograms is capable of producing magnetic fields comparable to a conventional electromagnet weighing tons <hl>.

<hl> A superconducting magnet weighing as little as two kilograms is capable of producing magnetic fields comparable to a conventional electromagnet weighing tons <hl> .


Question: Why is the niobium-tin compound favorable for use as wires for superconducting magnets commercially?

Answer: , due to the material's high critical temperature (18 K) and critical magnetic field (25 T)

<hl> The niobium-tin compound Nb3Sn is commercially used as wires for superconducting magnets , due to the material's high critical temperature (18 K) and critical magnetic field (25 T) . <hl> A superconducting magnet weighing as little as two kilograms is capable of producing magnetic fields comparable to a conventional electromagnet weighing tons.

The niobium-tin compound Nb3Sn is commercially used as wires for superconducting magnets<hl> , due to the material's high critical temperature (18 K) and critical magnetic field (25 T) <hl>. A superconducting magnet weighing as little as two kilograms is capable of producing magnetic fields comparable to a conventional electromagnet weighing tons.

The niobium-tin compound Nb3Sn is commercially used as wires for superconducting magnets <hl> , due to the material's high critical temperature (18 K) and critical magnetic field (25 T) <hl> .


Question: what is tin used for in a Li-ion batteries?

Tin is also used as a negative electrode in advanced Li-ion batteries. Its application is somewhat limited by the fact that some tin surfaces[which?] catalyze decomposition of carbonate-based electrolytes used in Li-ion batteries.

Answer: negative electrode

<hl> Tin is also used as a negative electrode in advanced Li-ion batteries. <hl> Its application is somewhat limited by the fact that some tin surfaces[which?] catalyze decomposition of carbonate-based electrolytes used in Li-ion batteries.

Tin is also used as a <hl> negative electrode <hl> in advanced Li-ion batteries. Its application is somewhat limited by the fact that some tin surfaces[which?] catalyze decomposition of carbonate-based electrolytes used in Li-ion batteries.


Question: what is used as a negative electrode in a Li-ion battery?

Answer: Tin

<hl> Tin is also used as a negative electrode in advanced Li-ion batteries. <hl> Its application is somewhat limited by the fact that some tin surfaces[which?] catalyze decomposition of carbonate-based electrolytes used in Li-ion batteries.

<hl> Tin <hl> is also used as a negative electrode in advanced Li-ion batteries. Its application is somewhat limited by the fact that some tin surfaces[which?] catalyze decomposition of carbonate-based electrolytes used in Li-ion batteries.


Question: what limits the usage of tin in Li-ion batteries?

Answer: catalyze decomposition of carbonate-based electrolytes

Tin is also used as a negative electrode in advanced Li-ion batteries. <hl> Its application is somewhat limited by the fact that some tin surfaces[which?] catalyze decomposition of carbonate-based electrolytes used in Li-ion batteries. <hl>

Tin is also used as a negative electrode in advanced Li-ion batteries. Its application is somewhat limited by the fact that some tin surfaces[which?] <hl> catalyze decomposition of carbonate-based electrolytes <hl> used in Li-ion batteries.


Question: carbonate based electrolytes are used in what kind of battery?

Answer: Li-ion

<hl> Tin is also used as a negative electrode in advanced Li-ion batteries. <hl> Its application is somewhat limited by the fact that some tin surfaces[which?] catalyze decomposition of carbonate-based electrolytes used in Li-ion batteries.

Tin is also used as a negative electrode in advanced <hl> Li-ion <hl> batteries. Its application is somewhat limited by the fact that some tin surfaces[which?] catalyze decomposition of carbonate-based electrolytes used in Li-ion batteries.


Question: what compounds can be as toxic as cyanide?

Cases of poisoning from tin metal, its oxides, and its salts are "almost unknown". On the other hand, certain organotin compounds are almost as toxic as cyanide.

Answer: organotin

Cases of poisoning from tin metal, its oxides, and its salts are "almost unknown". <hl> On the other hand, certain organotin compounds are almost as toxic as cyanide. <hl>

Cases of poisoning from tin metal, its oxides, and its salts are "almost unknown". On the other hand, certain <hl> organotin <hl> compounds are almost as toxic as cyanide.


Question: organotin compounds can be as toxic as what?

Answer: cyanide

Cases of poisoning from tin metal, its oxides, and its salts are "almost unknown". <hl> On the other hand, certain organotin compounds are almost as toxic as cyanide . <hl>

Cases of poisoning from tin metal, its oxides, and its salts are "almost unknown". On the other hand, certain organotin compounds are almost as toxic as <hl> cyanide <hl>.

On the other hand, certain organotin compounds are almost as toxic as <hl> cyanide <hl> .


Question: cases of poisoning from tin are what?

Answer: "almost unknown"

<hl> Cases of poisoning from tin metal, its oxides, and its salts are "almost unknown" . <hl> On the other hand, certain organotin compounds are almost as toxic as cyanide.

Cases of poisoning from tin metal, its oxides, and its salts are <hl> "almost unknown" <hl>. On the other hand, certain organotin compounds are almost as toxic as cyanide.

Cases of poisoning from tin metal, its oxides, and its salts are <hl> "almost unknown" <hl> .


Question: what are the dangers of organotin exposure?

Answer: toxic

Cases of poisoning from tin metal, its oxides, and its salts are "almost unknown". <hl> On the other hand, certain organotin compounds are almost as toxic as cyanide. <hl>

Cases of poisoning from tin metal, its oxides, and its salts are "almost unknown". On the other hand, certain organotin compounds are almost as <hl> toxic <hl> as cyanide.


Question: tin reagents are useful in what kind of chemistry?

Some tin reagents are useful in organic chemistry. In the largest application, stannous chloride is a common reducing agent for the conversion of nitro and oxime groups to amines. The Stille reaction couples organotin compounds with organic halides or pseudohalides.

Answer: organic

<hl> Some tin reagents are useful in organic chemistry. <hl> In the largest application, stannous chloride is a common reducing agent for the conversion of nitro and oxime groups to amines. The Stille reaction couples organotin compounds with organic halides or pseudohalides.

Some tin reagents are useful in <hl> organic <hl> chemistry. In the largest application, stannous chloride is a common reducing agent for the conversion of nitro and oxime groups to amines. The Stille reaction couples organotin compounds with organic halides or pseudohalides.


Question: what is a common reducing agent for the conversion of nitro and oxime groups to amines?

Answer: stannous chloride

Some tin reagents are useful in organic chemistry. <hl> In the largest application, stannous chloride is a common reducing agent for the conversion of nitro and oxime groups to amines. <hl> The Stille reaction couples organotin compounds with organic halides or pseudohalides.

Some tin reagents are useful in organic chemistry. In the largest application, <hl> stannous chloride <hl> is a common reducing agent for the conversion of nitro and oxime groups to amines. The Stille reaction couples organotin compounds with organic halides or pseudohalides.


Question: what reaction combines organotin with organic halides or pseudohalides?

Answer: Stille reaction

Some tin reagents are useful in organic chemistry. In the largest application, stannous chloride is a common reducing agent for the conversion of nitro and oxime groups to amines. <hl> The Stille reaction couples organotin compounds with organic halides or pseudohalides. <hl>

Some tin reagents are useful in organic chemistry. In the largest application, stannous chloride is a common reducing agent for the conversion of nitro and oxime groups to amines. The <hl> Stille reaction <hl> couples organotin compounds with organic halides or pseudohalides.


Question: The Stille reaction combines organic halides or pseudohalides with what compound?

Answer: organotin

Some tin reagents are useful in organic chemistry. In the largest application, stannous chloride is a common reducing agent for the conversion of nitro and oxime groups to amines. <hl> The Stille reaction couples organotin compounds with organic halides or pseudohalides. <hl>

Some tin reagents are useful in organic chemistry. In the largest application, stannous chloride is a common reducing agent for the conversion of nitro and oxime groups to amines. The Stille reaction couples <hl> organotin <hl> compounds with organic halides or pseudohalides.


Question: Tin fluoride is added to some dental care products as what?

Tin(II) fluoride is added to some dental care products as stannous fluoride (SnF2). Tin(II) fluoride can be mixed with calcium abrasives while the more common sodium fluoride gradually becomes biologically inactive combined with calcium compounds. It has also been shown to be more effective than sodium fluoride in controlling gingivitis.

Answer: stannous fluoride

<hl> Tin(II) fluoride is added to some dental care products as stannous fluoride (SnF2). <hl> Tin(II) fluoride can be mixed with calcium abrasives while the more common sodium fluoride gradually becomes biologically inactive combined with calcium compounds. It has also been shown to be more effective than sodium fluoride in controlling gingivitis.

Tin(II) fluoride is added to some dental care products as <hl> stannous fluoride <hl> (SnF2). Tin(II) fluoride can be mixed with calcium abrasives while the more common sodium fluoride gradually becomes biologically inactive combined with calcium compounds. It has also been shown to be more effective than sodium fluoride in controlling gingivitis.


Question: Tin fluroide has been shown to be more effective in controlling gingivitis than what commonly used chemical?

Answer: sodium fluoride

Tin(II) fluoride is added to some dental care products as stannous fluoride (SnF2). <hl> Tin(II) fluoride can be mixed with calcium abrasives while the more common sodium fluoride gradually becomes biologically inactive combined with calcium compounds. <hl> It has also been shown to be more effective than sodium fluoride in controlling gingivitis.

Tin(II) fluoride is added to some dental care products as stannous fluoride (SnF2). Tin(II) fluoride can be mixed with calcium abrasives while the more common <hl> sodium fluoride <hl> gradually becomes biologically inactive combined with calcium compounds. It has also been shown to be more effective than sodium fluoride in controlling gingivitis.


Question: Tin fluoride has been shown to treat what condition of the gums?

Answer: gingivitis

Tin(II) fluoride is added to some dental care products as stannous fluoride (SnF2). Tin(II) fluoride can be mixed with calcium abrasives while the more common sodium fluoride gradually becomes biologically inactive combined with calcium compounds. <hl> It has also been shown to be more effective than sodium fluoride in controlling gingivitis . <hl>

Tin(II) fluoride is added to some dental care products as stannous fluoride (SnF2). Tin(II) fluoride can be mixed with calcium abrasives while the more common sodium fluoride gradually becomes biologically inactive combined with calcium compounds. It has also been shown to be more effective than sodium fluoride in controlling <hl> gingivitis <hl>.

It has also been shown to be more effective than sodium fluoride in controlling <hl> gingivitis <hl> .


Question: what effect does sodium fluoride have when combined with calcium compounds?

Answer: becomes biologically inactive

Tin(II) fluoride is added to some dental care products as stannous fluoride (SnF2). <hl> Tin(II) fluoride can be mixed with calcium abrasives while the more common sodium fluoride gradually becomes biologically inactive combined with calcium compounds. <hl> It has also been shown to be more effective than sodium fluoride in controlling gingivitis.

Tin(II) fluoride is added to some dental care products as stannous fluoride (SnF2). Tin(II) fluoride can be mixed with calcium abrasives while the more common sodium fluoride gradually <hl> becomes biologically inactive <hl> combined with calcium compounds. It has also been shown to be more effective than sodium fluoride in controlling gingivitis.


Question: what is the chemical formula for stannous fluoride?

Answer: SnF2

<hl> Tin(II) fluoride is added to some dental care products as stannous fluoride ( SnF2 ). <hl> Tin(II) fluoride can be mixed with calcium abrasives while the more common sodium fluoride gradually becomes biologically inactive combined with calcium compounds. It has also been shown to be more effective than sodium fluoride in controlling gingivitis.

Tin(II) fluoride is added to some dental care products as stannous fluoride (<hl> SnF2 <hl>). Tin(II) fluoride can be mixed with calcium abrasives while the more common sodium fluoride gradually becomes biologically inactive combined with calcium compounds. It has also been shown to be more effective than sodium fluoride in controlling gingivitis.

Tin(II) fluoride is added to some dental care products as stannous fluoride ( <hl> SnF2 <hl> ).


Question: Tributyltin oxide is used for what?

Organotin compounds can have a relatively high toxicity, which is both advantageous and problematic. They have been used for their biocidal effects in/as fungicides, pesticides, algaecides, wood preservatives, and antifouling agents. Tributyltin oxide is used as a wood preservative. Tributyltin was used as additive for ship paint to prevent growth of marine organisms on ships, with use declining after organotin compounds were recognized as persistent organic pollutants with an extremely high toxicity for some marine organisms, for example the dog whelk. The EU banned the use of organotin compounds in 2003, while concerns over the toxicity of these compounds to marine life and their effects on the reproduction and growth of some marine species, (some reports describe biological effects to marine life at a concentration of 1 nanogram per liter) have led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization. Many nations now restrict the use of organotin compounds to vessels over 25 meters long.

Answer: wood preservative

Organotin compounds can have a relatively high toxicity, which is both advantageous and problematic. <hl> They have been used for their biocidal effects in/as fungicides, pesticides, algaecides, wood preservative s, and antifouling agents. <hl> Tributyltin oxide is used as a wood preservative. Tributyltin was used as additive for ship paint to prevent growth of marine organisms on ships, with use declining after organotin compounds were recognized as persistent organic pollutants with an extremely high toxicity for some marine organisms, for example the dog whelk. The EU banned the use of organotin compounds in 2003, while concerns over the toxicity of these compounds to marine life and their effects on the reproduction and growth of some marine species, (some reports describe biological effects to marine life at a concentration of 1 nanogram per liter) have led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization. Many nations now restrict the use of organotin compounds to vessels over 25 meters long.

Organotin compounds can have a relatively high toxicity, which is both advantageous and problematic. They have been used for their biocidal effects in/as fungicides, pesticides, algaecides, <hl> wood preservative <hl>s, and antifouling agents. Tributyltin oxide is used as a wood preservative. Tributyltin was used as additive for ship paint to prevent growth of marine organisms on ships, with use declining after organotin compounds were recognized as persistent organic pollutants with an extremely high toxicity for some marine organisms, for example the dog whelk. The EU banned the use of organotin compounds in 2003, while concerns over the toxicity of these compounds to marine life and their effects on the reproduction and growth of some marine species, (some reports describe biological effects to marine life at a concentration of 1 nanogram per liter) have led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization. Many nations now restrict the use of organotin compounds to vessels over 25 meters long.

They have been used for their biocidal effects in/as fungicides, pesticides, algaecides, <hl> wood preservative <hl> s, and antifouling agents.


Question: What year did the EU ban the use of organotin compounds?

Answer: 2003

Organotin compounds can have a relatively high toxicity, which is both advantageous and problematic. They have been used for their biocidal effects in/as fungicides, pesticides, algaecides, wood preservatives, and antifouling agents. Tributyltin oxide is used as a wood preservative. Tributyltin was used as additive for ship paint to prevent growth of marine organisms on ships, with use declining after organotin compounds were recognized as persistent organic pollutants with an extremely high toxicity for some marine organisms, for example the dog whelk. <hl> The EU banned the use of organotin compounds in 2003 , while concerns over the toxicity of these compounds to marine life and their effects on the reproduction and growth of some marine species, (some reports describe biological effects to marine life at a concentration of 1 nanogram per liter) have led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization. <hl> Many nations now restrict the use of organotin compounds to vessels over 25 meters long.

Organotin compounds can have a relatively high toxicity, which is both advantageous and problematic. They have been used for their biocidal effects in/as fungicides, pesticides, algaecides, wood preservatives, and antifouling agents. Tributyltin oxide is used as a wood preservative. Tributyltin was used as additive for ship paint to prevent growth of marine organisms on ships, with use declining after organotin compounds were recognized as persistent organic pollutants with an extremely high toxicity for some marine organisms, for example the dog whelk. The EU banned the use of organotin compounds in <hl> 2003 <hl>, while concerns over the toxicity of these compounds to marine life and their effects on the reproduction and growth of some marine species, (some reports describe biological effects to marine life at a concentration of 1 nanogram per liter) have led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization. Many nations now restrict the use of organotin compounds to vessels over 25 meters long.

The EU banned the use of organotin compounds in <hl> 2003 <hl> , while concerns over the toxicity of these compounds to marine life and their effects on the reproduction and growth of some marine species, (some reports describe biological effects to marine life at a concentration of 1 nanogram per liter) have led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization.


Question: organotin has had its use restricted in most nations to vessels of what size?

Answer: over 25 meters long

Organotin compounds can have a relatively high toxicity, which is both advantageous and problematic. They have been used for their biocidal effects in/as fungicides, pesticides, algaecides, wood preservatives, and antifouling agents. Tributyltin oxide is used as a wood preservative. Tributyltin was used as additive for ship paint to prevent growth of marine organisms on ships, with use declining after organotin compounds were recognized as persistent organic pollutants with an extremely high toxicity for some marine organisms, for example the dog whelk. The EU banned the use of organotin compounds in 2003, while concerns over the toxicity of these compounds to marine life and their effects on the reproduction and growth of some marine species, (some reports describe biological effects to marine life at a concentration of 1 nanogram per liter) have led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization. <hl> Many nations now restrict the use of organotin compounds to vessels over 25 meters long . <hl>

Organotin compounds can have a relatively high toxicity, which is both advantageous and problematic. They have been used for their biocidal effects in/as fungicides, pesticides, algaecides, wood preservatives, and antifouling agents. Tributyltin oxide is used as a wood preservative. Tributyltin was used as additive for ship paint to prevent growth of marine organisms on ships, with use declining after organotin compounds were recognized as persistent organic pollutants with an extremely high toxicity for some marine organisms, for example the dog whelk. The EU banned the use of organotin compounds in 2003, while concerns over the toxicity of these compounds to marine life and their effects on the reproduction and growth of some marine species, (some reports describe biological effects to marine life at a concentration of 1 nanogram per liter) have led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization. Many nations now restrict the use of organotin compounds to vessels <hl> over 25 meters long <hl>.

Many nations now restrict the use of organotin compounds to vessels <hl> over 25 meters long <hl> .


Question: Tributyltin was found to have what major negative side effect when used on ships?

Answer: persistent organic pollutants

Organotin compounds can have a relatively high toxicity, which is both advantageous and problematic. They have been used for their biocidal effects in/as fungicides, pesticides, algaecides, wood preservatives, and antifouling agents. Tributyltin oxide is used as a wood preservative. <hl> Tributyltin was used as additive for ship paint to prevent growth of marine organisms on ships, with use declining after organotin compounds were recognized as persistent organic pollutants with an extremely high toxicity for some marine organisms, for example the dog whelk. <hl> The EU banned the use of organotin compounds in 2003, while concerns over the toxicity of these compounds to marine life and their effects on the reproduction and growth of some marine species, (some reports describe biological effects to marine life at a concentration of 1 nanogram per liter) have led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization. Many nations now restrict the use of organotin compounds to vessels over 25 meters long.

Organotin compounds can have a relatively high toxicity, which is both advantageous and problematic. They have been used for their biocidal effects in/as fungicides, pesticides, algaecides, wood preservatives, and antifouling agents. Tributyltin oxide is used as a wood preservative. Tributyltin was used as additive for ship paint to prevent growth of marine organisms on ships, with use declining after organotin compounds were recognized as <hl> persistent organic pollutants <hl> with an extremely high toxicity for some marine organisms, for example the dog whelk. The EU banned the use of organotin compounds in 2003, while concerns over the toxicity of these compounds to marine life and their effects on the reproduction and growth of some marine species, (some reports describe biological effects to marine life at a concentration of 1 nanogram per liter) have led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization. Many nations now restrict the use of organotin compounds to vessels over 25 meters long.


Question: what company solved the problems preventing the use of using tin in commercial Li-ion batteries?

Tin forms several inter-metallic phases with lithium metal and it makes it a potentially attractive material. Large volumetric expansion of tin upon alloying with lithium and instability of the tin-organic electrolyte interface at low electrochemical potentials are the greatest challenges in employing it in commercial cells. The problem was partially solved by Sony. Tin inter-metallic compound with cobalt, mixed with carbon, has been implemented by Sony in its Nexelion cells released in late 2000's. The composition of the active materials is close to Sn0.3Co0.4C0.3. Recent research showed that only some crystalline facets of tetragonal (beta) Sn are responsible for undesirable electrochemical activity.

Answer: Sony

Tin forms several inter-metallic phases with lithium metal and it makes it a potentially attractive material. Large volumetric expansion of tin upon alloying with lithium and instability of the tin-organic electrolyte interface at low electrochemical potentials are the greatest challenges in employing it in commercial cells. <hl> The problem was partially solved by Sony . <hl> Tin inter-metallic compound with cobalt, mixed with carbon, has been implemented by Sony in its Nexelion cells released in late 2000's. The composition of the active materials is close to Sn0.3Co0.4C0.3. Recent research showed that only some crystalline facets of tetragonal (beta) Sn are responsible for undesirable electrochemical activity.

Tin forms several inter-metallic phases with lithium metal and it makes it a potentially attractive material. Large volumetric expansion of tin upon alloying with lithium and instability of the tin-organic electrolyte interface at low electrochemical potentials are the greatest challenges in employing it in commercial cells. The problem was partially solved by <hl> Sony <hl>. Tin inter-metallic compound with cobalt, mixed with carbon, has been implemented by Sony in its Nexelion cells released in late 2000's. The composition of the active materials is close to Sn0.3Co0.4C0.3. Recent research showed that only some crystalline facets of tetragonal (beta) Sn are responsible for undesirable electrochemical activity.

The problem was partially solved by <hl> Sony <hl> .


Question: Recent research has shown what as being responsible for undesirable electrochemical activity in Li-ion batteries?

Answer: some crystalline facets of tetragonal

Tin forms several inter-metallic phases with lithium metal and it makes it a potentially attractive material. Large volumetric expansion of tin upon alloying with lithium and instability of the tin-organic electrolyte interface at low electrochemical potentials are the greatest challenges in employing it in commercial cells. The problem was partially solved by Sony. Tin inter-metallic compound with cobalt, mixed with carbon, has been implemented by Sony in its Nexelion cells released in late 2000's. The composition of the active materials is close to Sn0.3Co0.4C0.3. <hl> Recent research showed that only some crystalline facets of tetragonal (beta) Sn are responsible for undesirable electrochemical activity. <hl>

Tin forms several inter-metallic phases with lithium metal and it makes it a potentially attractive material. Large volumetric expansion of tin upon alloying with lithium and instability of the tin-organic electrolyte interface at low electrochemical potentials are the greatest challenges in employing it in commercial cells. The problem was partially solved by Sony. Tin inter-metallic compound with cobalt, mixed with carbon, has been implemented by Sony in its Nexelion cells released in late 2000's. The composition of the active materials is close to Sn0.3Co0.4C0.3. Recent research showed that only <hl> some crystalline facets of tetragonal <hl> (beta) Sn are responsible for undesirable electrochemical activity.


Question: Sony released what Li-ion batteries in the late 2000s?

Answer: Nexelion cells

Tin forms several inter-metallic phases with lithium metal and it makes it a potentially attractive material. Large volumetric expansion of tin upon alloying with lithium and instability of the tin-organic electrolyte interface at low electrochemical potentials are the greatest challenges in employing it in commercial cells. The problem was partially solved by Sony. <hl> Tin inter-metallic compound with cobalt, mixed with carbon, has been implemented by Sony in its Nexelion cells released in late 2000's. <hl> The composition of the active materials is close to Sn0.3Co0.4C0.3. Recent research showed that only some crystalline facets of tetragonal (beta) Sn are responsible for undesirable electrochemical activity.

Tin forms several inter-metallic phases with lithium metal and it makes it a potentially attractive material. Large volumetric expansion of tin upon alloying with lithium and instability of the tin-organic electrolyte interface at low electrochemical potentials are the greatest challenges in employing it in commercial cells. The problem was partially solved by Sony. Tin inter-metallic compound with cobalt, mixed with carbon, has been implemented by Sony in its <hl> Nexelion cells <hl> released in late 2000's. The composition of the active materials is close to Sn0.3Co0.4C0.3. Recent research showed that only some crystalline facets of tetragonal (beta) Sn are responsible for undesirable electrochemical activity.


Question: what problem at low electrochemical potentials does tin suffer from making it a problem when used in batteries?

Answer: instability of the tin-organic electrolyte interface

Tin forms several inter-metallic phases with lithium metal and it makes it a potentially attractive material. <hl> Large volumetric expansion of tin upon alloying with lithium and instability of the tin-organic electrolyte interface at low electrochemical potentials are the greatest challenges in employing it in commercial cells. <hl> The problem was partially solved by Sony. Tin inter-metallic compound with cobalt, mixed with carbon, has been implemented by Sony in its Nexelion cells released in late 2000's. The composition of the active materials is close to Sn0.3Co0.4C0.3. Recent research showed that only some crystalline facets of tetragonal (beta) Sn are responsible for undesirable electrochemical activity.

Tin forms several inter-metallic phases with lithium metal and it makes it a potentially attractive material. Large volumetric expansion of tin upon alloying with lithium and <hl> instability of the tin-organic electrolyte interface <hl> at low electrochemical potentials are the greatest challenges in employing it in commercial cells. The problem was partially solved by Sony. Tin inter-metallic compound with cobalt, mixed with carbon, has been implemented by Sony in its Nexelion cells released in late 2000's. The composition of the active materials is close to Sn0.3Co0.4C0.3. Recent research showed that only some crystalline facets of tetragonal (beta) Sn are responsible for undesirable electrochemical activity.


Question: what is the major commercial use of organotin compounds?

The major commercial application of organotin compounds is in the stabilization of PVC plastics. In the absence of such stabilizers, PVC would otherwise rapidly degrade under heat, light, and atmospheric oxygen, to give discolored, brittle products. Tin scavenges labile chloride ions (Cl−), which would otherwise initiate loss of HCl from the plastic material. Typical tin compounds are carboxylic acid derivatives of dibutyltin dichloride, such as the dilaurate.

Answer: stabilization of PVC plastics

<hl> The major commercial application of organotin compounds is in the stabilization of PVC plastics . <hl> In the absence of such stabilizers, PVC would otherwise rapidly degrade under heat, light, and atmospheric oxygen, to give discolored, brittle products. Tin scavenges labile chloride ions (Cl−), which would otherwise initiate loss of HCl from the plastic material. Typical tin compounds are carboxylic acid derivatives of dibutyltin dichloride, such as the dilaurate.

The major commercial application of organotin compounds is in the <hl> stabilization of PVC plastics <hl>. In the absence of such stabilizers, PVC would otherwise rapidly degrade under heat, light, and atmospheric oxygen, to give discolored, brittle products. Tin scavenges labile chloride ions (Cl−), which would otherwise initiate loss of HCl from the plastic material. Typical tin compounds are carboxylic acid derivatives of dibutyltin dichloride, such as the dilaurate.

The major commercial application of organotin compounds is in the <hl> stabilization of PVC plastics <hl> .


Question: Tin scavenges what from PVC to prevent it from degrading?

Answer: labile chloride ions

The major commercial application of organotin compounds is in the stabilization of PVC plastics. In the absence of such stabilizers, PVC would otherwise rapidly degrade under heat, light, and atmospheric oxygen, to give discolored, brittle products. <hl> Tin scavenges labile chloride ions (Cl−), which would otherwise initiate loss of HCl from the plastic material. <hl> Typical tin compounds are carboxylic acid derivatives of dibutyltin dichloride, such as the dilaurate.

The major commercial application of organotin compounds is in the stabilization of PVC plastics. In the absence of such stabilizers, PVC would otherwise rapidly degrade under heat, light, and atmospheric oxygen, to give discolored, brittle products. Tin scavenges <hl> labile chloride ions <hl> (Cl−), which would otherwise initiate loss of HCl from the plastic material. Typical tin compounds are carboxylic acid derivatives of dibutyltin dichloride, such as the dilaurate.


Question: what compounds are used to stabilize PVC plastics?

Answer: organotin compounds

<hl> The major commercial application of organotin compounds is in the stabilization of PVC plastics. <hl> In the absence of such stabilizers, PVC would otherwise rapidly degrade under heat, light, and atmospheric oxygen, to give discolored, brittle products. Tin scavenges labile chloride ions (Cl−), which would otherwise initiate loss of HCl from the plastic material. Typical tin compounds are carboxylic acid derivatives of dibutyltin dichloride, such as the dilaurate.

The major commercial application of <hl> organotin compounds <hl> is in the stabilization of PVC plastics. In the absence of such stabilizers, PVC would otherwise rapidly degrade under heat, light, and atmospheric oxygen, to give discolored, brittle products. Tin scavenges labile chloride ions (Cl−), which would otherwise initiate loss of HCl from the plastic material. Typical tin compounds are carboxylic acid derivatives of dibutyltin dichloride, such as the dilaurate.


Question: Tin compounds are carboxylic acid derivatives of what chemical?

Answer: dibutyltin dichloride

The major commercial application of organotin compounds is in the stabilization of PVC plastics. In the absence of such stabilizers, PVC would otherwise rapidly degrade under heat, light, and atmospheric oxygen, to give discolored, brittle products. Tin scavenges labile chloride ions (Cl−), which would otherwise initiate loss of HCl from the plastic material. <hl> Typical tin compounds are carboxylic acid derivatives of dibutyltin dichloride , such as the dilaurate. <hl>

The major commercial application of organotin compounds is in the stabilization of PVC plastics. In the absence of such stabilizers, PVC would otherwise rapidly degrade under heat, light, and atmospheric oxygen, to give discolored, brittle products. Tin scavenges labile chloride ions (Cl−), which would otherwise initiate loss of HCl from the plastic material. Typical tin compounds are carboxylic acid derivatives of <hl> dibutyltin dichloride <hl>, such as the dilaurate.

Typical tin compounds are carboxylic acid derivatives of <hl> dibutyltin dichloride <hl> , such as the dilaurate.


Question: dilaurate is an example of what kind of compound?

Answer: tin

<hl> The major commercial application of organo tin compounds is in the stabilization of PVC plastics. <hl> In the absence of such stabilizers, PVC would otherwise rapidly degrade under heat, light, and atmospheric oxygen, to give discolored, brittle products. Tin scavenges labile chloride ions (Cl−), which would otherwise initiate loss of HCl from the plastic material. Typical tin compounds are carboxylic acid derivatives of dibutyltin dichloride, such as the dilaurate.

The major commercial application of organo<hl> tin <hl> compounds is in the stabilization of PVC plastics. In the absence of such stabilizers, PVC would otherwise rapidly degrade under heat, light, and atmospheric oxygen, to give discolored, brittle products. Tin scavenges labile chloride ions (Cl−), which would otherwise initiate loss of HCl from the plastic material. Typical tin compounds are carboxylic acid derivatives of dibutyltin dichloride, such as the dilaurate.

The major commercial application of organo <hl> tin <hl> compounds is in the stabilization of PVC plastics.


Question: What does OSHA stand for?

People can be exposed to tin in the workplace by breathing it in, skin contact, and eye contact. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the legal limit (Permissible exposure limit) for tin exposure in the workplace as 2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. At levels of 100 mg/m3, tin is immediately dangerous to life and health.

Answer: The Occupational Safety and Health Administration

People can be exposed to tin in the workplace by breathing it in, skin contact, and eye contact. <hl> The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the legal limit (Permissible exposure limit) for tin exposure in the workplace as 2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. <hl> The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. At levels of 100 mg/m3, tin is immediately dangerous to life and health.

People can be exposed to tin in the workplace by breathing it in, skin contact, and eye contact. <hl> The Occupational Safety and Health Administration <hl> (OSHA) has set the legal limit (Permissible exposure limit) for tin exposure in the workplace as 2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. At levels of 100 mg/m3, tin is immediately dangerous to life and health.


Question: What is the legal limit on exposure to tin in the workplace?

Answer: 2 mg/m3

People can be exposed to tin in the workplace by breathing it in, skin contact, and eye contact. <hl> The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the legal limit (Permissible exposure limit) for tin exposure in the workplace as 2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. <hl> The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. At levels of 100 mg/m3, tin is immediately dangerous to life and health.

People can be exposed to tin in the workplace by breathing it in, skin contact, and eye contact. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the legal limit (Permissible exposure limit) for tin exposure in the workplace as <hl> 2 mg/m3 <hl> over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. At levels of 100 mg/m3, tin is immediately dangerous to life and health.


Question: What does NIOSH stand for?

Answer: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

People can be exposed to tin in the workplace by breathing it in, skin contact, and eye contact. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the legal limit (Permissible exposure limit) for tin exposure in the workplace as 2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. <hl> The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. <hl> At levels of 100 mg/m3, tin is immediately dangerous to life and health.

People can be exposed to tin in the workplace by breathing it in, skin contact, and eye contact. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the legal limit (Permissible exposure limit) for tin exposure in the workplace as 2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. <hl> The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health <hl> (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. At levels of 100 mg/m3, tin is immediately dangerous to life and health.


Question: at what levels is tin immediately dangerous to life and health?

Answer: 100 mg/m3

People can be exposed to tin in the workplace by breathing it in, skin contact, and eye contact. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the legal limit (Permissible exposure limit) for tin exposure in the workplace as 2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. <hl> At levels of 100 mg/m3 , tin is immediately dangerous to life and health. <hl>

People can be exposed to tin in the workplace by breathing it in, skin contact, and eye contact. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the legal limit (Permissible exposure limit) for tin exposure in the workplace as 2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. At levels of <hl> 100 mg/m3 <hl>, tin is immediately dangerous to life and health.

At levels of <hl> 100 mg/m3 <hl> , tin is immediately dangerous to life and health.


Question: What can form many oxides, sulfides, and other chalcogenide derivatives?

Tin can form many oxides, sulfides, and other chalcogenide derivatives. The dioxide SnO2 (cassiterite) forms when tin is heated in the presence of air. SnO2 is amphoteric, which means that it dissolves in both acidic and basic solutions. There are also stannates with the structure [Sn(OH)6]2−, like K2[Sn(OH)6], although the free stannic acid H2[Sn(OH)6] is unknown. The sulfides of tin exist in both the +2 and +4 oxidation states: tin(II) sulfide and tin(IV) sulfide (mosaic gold).

Answer: Tin

<hl> Tin can form many oxides, sulfides, and other chalcogenide derivatives. <hl> The dioxide SnO2 (cassiterite) forms when tin is heated in the presence of air. SnO2 is amphoteric, which means that it dissolves in both acidic and basic solutions. There are also stannates with the structure [Sn(OH)6]2−, like K2[Sn(OH)6], although the free stannic acid H2[Sn(OH)6] is unknown. The sulfides of tin exist in both the +2 and +4 oxidation states: tin(II) sulfide and tin(IV) sulfide (mosaic gold).

<hl> Tin <hl> can form many oxides, sulfides, and other chalcogenide derivatives. The dioxide SnO2 (cassiterite) forms when tin is heated in the presence of air. SnO2 is amphoteric, which means that it dissolves in both acidic and basic solutions. There are also stannates with the structure [Sn(OH)6]2−, like K2[Sn(OH)6], although the free stannic acid H2[Sn(OH)6] is unknown. The sulfides of tin exist in both the +2 and +4 oxidation states: tin(II) sulfide and tin(IV) sulfide (mosaic gold).


Question: What is another name for the dioxide SnO2?

Answer: cassiterite

Tin can form many oxides, sulfides, and other chalcogenide derivatives. <hl> The dioxide SnO2 ( cassiterite ) forms when tin is heated in the presence of air. <hl> SnO2 is amphoteric, which means that it dissolves in both acidic and basic solutions. There are also stannates with the structure [Sn(OH)6]2−, like K2[Sn(OH)6], although the free stannic acid H2[Sn(OH)6] is unknown. The sulfides of tin exist in both the +2 and +4 oxidation states: tin(II) sulfide and tin(IV) sulfide (mosaic gold).

Tin can form many oxides, sulfides, and other chalcogenide derivatives. The dioxide SnO2 (<hl> cassiterite <hl>) forms when tin is heated in the presence of air. SnO2 is amphoteric, which means that it dissolves in both acidic and basic solutions. There are also stannates with the structure [Sn(OH)6]2−, like K2[Sn(OH)6], although the free stannic acid H2[Sn(OH)6] is unknown. The sulfides of tin exist in both the +2 and +4 oxidation states: tin(II) sulfide and tin(IV) sulfide (mosaic gold).

The dioxide SnO2 ( <hl> cassiterite <hl> ) forms when tin is heated in the presence of air.


Question: How does SnO2 form?

Answer: when tin is heated in the presence of air

Tin can form many oxides, sulfides, and other chalcogenide derivatives. <hl> The dioxide SnO2 (cassiterite) forms when tin is heated in the presence of air . <hl> SnO2 is amphoteric, which means that it dissolves in both acidic and basic solutions. There are also stannates with the structure [Sn(OH)6]2−, like K2[Sn(OH)6], although the free stannic acid H2[Sn(OH)6] is unknown. The sulfides of tin exist in both the +2 and +4 oxidation states: tin(II) sulfide and tin(IV) sulfide (mosaic gold).

Tin can form many oxides, sulfides, and other chalcogenide derivatives. The dioxide SnO2 (cassiterite) forms <hl> when tin is heated in the presence of air <hl>. SnO2 is amphoteric, which means that it dissolves in both acidic and basic solutions. There are also stannates with the structure [Sn(OH)6]2−, like K2[Sn(OH)6], although the free stannic acid H2[Sn(OH)6] is unknown. The sulfides of tin exist in both the +2 and +4 oxidation states: tin(II) sulfide and tin(IV) sulfide (mosaic gold).

The dioxide SnO2 (cassiterite) forms <hl> when tin is heated in the presence of air <hl> .


Question: What is it called when an element dissolves in both acidic and basic solutions?

Answer: amphoteric

Tin can form many oxides, sulfides, and other chalcogenide derivatives. The dioxide SnO2 (cassiterite) forms when tin is heated in the presence of air. <hl> SnO2 is amphoteric , which means that it dissolves in both acidic and basic solutions. <hl> There are also stannates with the structure [Sn(OH)6]2−, like K2[Sn(OH)6], although the free stannic acid H2[Sn(OH)6] is unknown. The sulfides of tin exist in both the +2 and +4 oxidation states: tin(II) sulfide and tin(IV) sulfide (mosaic gold).

Tin can form many oxides, sulfides, and other chalcogenide derivatives. The dioxide SnO2 (cassiterite) forms when tin is heated in the presence of air. SnO2 is <hl> amphoteric <hl>, which means that it dissolves in both acidic and basic solutions. There are also stannates with the structure [Sn(OH)6]2−, like K2[Sn(OH)6], although the free stannic acid H2[Sn(OH)6] is unknown. The sulfides of tin exist in both the +2 and +4 oxidation states: tin(II) sulfide and tin(IV) sulfide (mosaic gold).

SnO2 is <hl> amphoteric <hl> , which means that it dissolves in both acidic and basic solutions.


Question: The sulfides of tin exist in what two oxidation states?

Answer: both the +2 and +4

Tin can form many oxides, sulfides, and other chalcogenide derivatives. The dioxide SnO2 (cassiterite) forms when tin is heated in the presence of air. SnO2 is amphoteric, which means that it dissolves in both acidic and basic solutions. There are also stannates with the structure [Sn(OH)6]2−, like K2[Sn(OH)6], although the free stannic acid H2[Sn(OH)6] is unknown. <hl> The sulfides of tin exist in both the +2 and +4 oxidation states: tin(II) sulfide and tin(IV) sulfide (mosaic gold). <hl>

Tin can form many oxides, sulfides, and other chalcogenide derivatives. The dioxide SnO2 (cassiterite) forms when tin is heated in the presence of air. SnO2 is amphoteric, which means that it dissolves in both acidic and basic solutions. There are also stannates with the structure [Sn(OH)6]2−, like K2[Sn(OH)6], although the free stannic acid H2[Sn(OH)6] is unknown. The sulfides of tin exist in <hl> both the +2 and +4 <hl> oxidation states: tin(II) sulfide and tin(IV) sulfide (mosaic gold).


Question: What is another name for SnH4?

Stannane (SnH4), where tin is in the +4 oxidation state, is unstable. Organotin hydrides are however well known, e.g. tributyltin hydride (Sn(C4H9)3H). These compound release transient tributyl tin radicals, rare examples of compounds of tin(III).

Answer: Stannane

<hl> Stannane (SnH4), where tin is in the +4 oxidation state, is unstable. <hl> Organotin hydrides are however well known, e.g. tributyltin hydride (Sn(C4H9)3H). These compound release transient tributyl tin radicals, rare examples of compounds of tin(III).

<hl> Stannane <hl> (SnH4), where tin is in the +4 oxidation state, is unstable. Organotin hydrides are however well known, e.g. tributyltin hydride (Sn(C4H9)3H). These compound release transient tributyl tin radicals, rare examples of compounds of tin(III).


Question: What is another term for organotin hydrides?

Answer: tributyltin hydride (Sn(C4H9)3H)

tributyltin hydride (Sn(C4H9)3H) .

Stannane (SnH4), where tin is in the +4 oxidation state, is unstable. Organotin hydrides are however well known, e.g. <hl> tributyltin hydride (Sn(C4H9)3H) . <hl> These compound release transient tributyl tin radicals, rare examples of compounds of tin(III).

Stannane (SnH4), where tin is in the +4 oxidation state, is unstable. Organotin hydrides are however well known, e.g. <hl> tributyltin hydride (Sn(C4H9)3H) <hl>. These compound release transient tributyl tin radicals, rare examples of compounds of tin(III).

<hl> tributyltin hydride (Sn(C4H9)3H) <hl> .


Question: What is the element called where tin is in the +4 oxidation state?

Answer: Stannane (SnH4)

<hl> Stannane (SnH4) , where tin is in the +4 oxidation state, is unstable. <hl> Organotin hydrides are however well known, e.g. tributyltin hydride (Sn(C4H9)3H). These compound release transient tributyl tin radicals, rare examples of compounds of tin(III).

<hl> Stannane (SnH4) <hl>, where tin is in the +4 oxidation state, is unstable. Organotin hydrides are however well known, e.g. tributyltin hydride (Sn(C4H9)3H). These compound release transient tributyl tin radicals, rare examples of compounds of tin(III).

<hl> Stannane (SnH4) <hl> , where tin is in the +4 oxidation state, is unstable.


Question: What do organotin hydrides release?

Answer: transient tributyl tin radicals

Stannane (SnH4), where tin is in the +4 oxidation state, is unstable. Organotin hydrides are however well known, e.g. tributyltin hydride (Sn(C4H9)3H). <hl> These compound release transient tributyl tin radicals , rare examples of compounds of tin(III). <hl>

Stannane (SnH4), where tin is in the +4 oxidation state, is unstable. Organotin hydrides are however well known, e.g. tributyltin hydride (Sn(C4H9)3H). These compound release <hl> transient tributyl tin radicals <hl>, rare examples of compounds of tin(III).

These compound release <hl> transient tributyl tin radicals <hl> , rare examples of compounds of tin(III).


Question: What are sometimes called stannanes?

Organotin compounds, sometimes called stannanes, are chemical compounds with tin–carbon bonds. Of the compounds of tin, the organic derivatives are the most useful commercially. Some organotin compounds are highly toxic and have been used as biocides. The first organotin compound to be reported was diethyltin diiodide ((C2H5)2SnI2), reported by Edward Frankland in 1849.

Answer: Organotin compounds

<hl> Organotin compounds , sometimes called stannanes, are chemical compounds with tin–carbon bonds. <hl> Of the compounds of tin, the organic derivatives are the most useful commercially. Some organotin compounds are highly toxic and have been used as biocides. The first organotin compound to be reported was diethyltin diiodide ((C2H5)2SnI2), reported by Edward Frankland in 1849.

<hl> Organotin compounds <hl>, sometimes called stannanes, are chemical compounds with tin–carbon bonds. Of the compounds of tin, the organic derivatives are the most useful commercially. Some organotin compounds are highly toxic and have been used as biocides. The first organotin compound to be reported was diethyltin diiodide ((C2H5)2SnI2), reported by Edward Frankland in 1849.

<hl> Organotin compounds <hl> , sometimes called stannanes, are chemical compounds with tin–carbon bonds.


Question: What are chemical compounds with tin-carbon bonds?

Answer: Organotin compounds

<hl> Organotin compounds , sometimes called stannanes, are chemical compounds with tin–carbon bonds. <hl> Of the compounds of tin, the organic derivatives are the most useful commercially. Some organotin compounds are highly toxic and have been used as biocides. The first organotin compound to be reported was diethyltin diiodide ((C2H5)2SnI2), reported by Edward Frankland in 1849.

<hl> Organotin compounds <hl>, sometimes called stannanes, are chemical compounds with tin–carbon bonds. Of the compounds of tin, the organic derivatives are the most useful commercially. Some organotin compounds are highly toxic and have been used as biocides. The first organotin compound to be reported was diethyltin diiodide ((C2H5)2SnI2), reported by Edward Frankland in 1849.

<hl> Organotin compounds <hl> , sometimes called stannanes, are chemical compounds with tin–carbon bonds.


Question: What are the most useful compounds of tin commercially?

Answer: the organic derivatives

Organotin compounds, sometimes called stannanes, are chemical compounds with tin–carbon bonds. <hl> Of the compounds of tin, the organic derivatives are the most useful commercially. <hl> Some organotin compounds are highly toxic and have been used as biocides. The first organotin compound to be reported was diethyltin diiodide ((C2H5)2SnI2), reported by Edward Frankland in 1849.

Organotin compounds, sometimes called stannanes, are chemical compounds with tin–carbon bonds. Of the compounds of tin, <hl> the organic derivatives <hl> are the most useful commercially. Some organotin compounds are highly toxic and have been used as biocides. The first organotin compound to be reported was diethyltin diiodide ((C2H5)2SnI2), reported by Edward Frankland in 1849.


Question: The highly toxic organotin compounds have been used as what?

Answer: biocides

Organotin compounds, sometimes called stannanes, are chemical compounds with tin–carbon bonds. Of the compounds of tin, the organic derivatives are the most useful commercially. <hl> Some organotin compounds are highly toxic and have been used as biocides . <hl> The first organotin compound to be reported was diethyltin diiodide ((C2H5)2SnI2), reported by Edward Frankland in 1849.

Organotin compounds, sometimes called stannanes, are chemical compounds with tin–carbon bonds. Of the compounds of tin, the organic derivatives are the most useful commercially. Some organotin compounds are highly toxic and have been used as <hl> biocides <hl>. The first organotin compound to be reported was diethyltin diiodide ((C2H5)2SnI2), reported by Edward Frankland in 1849.

Some organotin compounds are highly toxic and have been used as <hl> biocides <hl> .


Question: Who was the first organotin compound reported by?

Answer: Edward Frankland

Organotin compounds, sometimes called stannanes, are chemical compounds with tin–carbon bonds. Of the compounds of tin, the organic derivatives are the most useful commercially. Some organotin compounds are highly toxic and have been used as biocides. <hl> The first organotin compound to be reported was diethyltin diiodide ((C2H5)2SnI2), reported by Edward Frankland in 1849. <hl>

Organotin compounds, sometimes called stannanes, are chemical compounds with tin–carbon bonds. Of the compounds of tin, the organic derivatives are the most useful commercially. Some organotin compounds are highly toxic and have been used as biocides. The first organotin compound to be reported was diethyltin diiodide ((C2H5)2SnI2), reported by <hl> Edward Frankland <hl> in 1849.


Question: How do most organotin compounds, liquid or solid, appear physically?

Most organotin compounds are colorless liquids or solids that are stable to air and water. They adopt tetrahedral geometry. Tetraalkyl- and tetraaryltin compounds can be prepared using Grignard reagents:

Answer: colorless

<hl> Most organotin compounds are colorless liquids or solids that are stable to air and water. <hl> They adopt tetrahedral geometry. Tetraalkyl- and tetraaryltin compounds can be prepared using Grignard reagents:

Most organotin compounds are <hl> colorless <hl> liquids or solids that are stable to air and water. They adopt tetrahedral geometry. Tetraalkyl- and tetraaryltin compounds can be prepared using Grignard reagents:


Question: What are organotin compound stable to?

Answer: air and water

<hl> Most organotin compounds are colorless liquids or solids that are stable to air and water . <hl> They adopt tetrahedral geometry. Tetraalkyl- and tetraaryltin compounds can be prepared using Grignard reagents:

Most organotin compounds are colorless liquids or solids that are stable to <hl> air and water <hl>. They adopt tetrahedral geometry. Tetraalkyl- and tetraaryltin compounds can be prepared using Grignard reagents:

Most organotin compounds are colorless liquids or solids that are stable to <hl> air and water <hl> .


Question: What geometry do organotin compounds adopt?

Answer: tetrahedral geometry

They adopt tetrahedral geometry .

Most organotin compounds are colorless liquids or solids that are stable to air and water. <hl> They adopt tetrahedral geometry . <hl> Tetraalkyl- and tetraaryltin compounds can be prepared using Grignard reagents:

Most organotin compounds are colorless liquids or solids that are stable to air and water. They adopt <hl> tetrahedral geometry <hl>. Tetraalkyl- and tetraaryltin compounds can be prepared using Grignard reagents:

They adopt <hl> tetrahedral geometry <hl> .


Question: What are prepared using Grignard reagents?

Answer: Tetraalkyl- and tetraaryltin compounds

Most organotin compounds are colorless liquids or solids that are stable to air and water. They adopt tetrahedral geometry. <hl> Tetraalkyl- and tetraaryltin compounds can be prepared using Grignard reagents: <hl>

Most organotin compounds are colorless liquids or solids that are stable to air and water. They adopt tetrahedral geometry. <hl> Tetraalkyl- and tetraaryltin compounds <hl> can be prepared using Grignard reagents:


Question: How are mixed halide-alkyls prepared?

The mixed halide-alkyls, which are more common and more important commercially than the tetraorgano derivatives, are prepared by redistribution reactions:

Answer: by redistribution reactions

<hl> The mixed halide-alkyls, which are more common and more important commercially than the tetraorgano derivatives, are prepared by redistribution reactions : <hl>

The mixed halide-alkyls, which are more common and more important commercially than the tetraorgano derivatives, are prepared <hl> by redistribution reactions <hl>:

The mixed halide-alkyls, which are more common and more important commercially than the tetraorgano derivatives, are prepared <hl> by redistribution reactions <hl> :


Question: Mixed halide-alkyls is more common than what derivatives?

Answer: tetraorgano

<hl> The mixed halide-alkyls, which are more common and more important commercially than the tetraorgano derivatives, are prepared by redistribution reactions: <hl>

The mixed halide-alkyls, which are more common and more important commercially than the <hl> tetraorgano <hl> derivatives, are prepared by redistribution reactions:


Question: The tetraorgano derivates are commercially less important than what?

Answer: The mixed halide-alkyls

<hl> The mixed halide-alkyls , which are more common and more important commercially than the tetraorgano derivatives, are prepared by redistribution reactions: <hl>

<hl> The mixed halide-alkyls <hl>, which are more common and more important commercially than the tetraorgano derivatives, are prepared by redistribution reactions:

<hl> The mixed halide-alkyls <hl> , which are more common and more important commercially than the tetraorgano derivatives, are prepared by redistribution reactions:


Question: The tetraorgano derivatives are less common than what?

Answer: The mixed halide-alkyls

<hl> The mixed halide-alkyls , which are more common and more important commercially than the tetraorgano derivatives, are prepared by redistribution reactions: <hl>

<hl> The mixed halide-alkyls <hl>, which are more common and more important commercially than the tetraorgano derivatives, are prepared by redistribution reactions:

<hl> The mixed halide-alkyls <hl> , which are more common and more important commercially than the tetraorgano derivatives, are prepared by redistribution reactions:


Question: What is increasing the use of tin?

Secondary, or scrap, tin is also an important source of the metal. The recovery of tin through secondary production, or recycling of scrap tin, is increasing rapidly. Whereas the United States has neither mined since 1993 nor smelted tin since 1989, it was the largest secondary producer, recycling nearly 14,000 tonnes in 2006.

Answer: recycling of scrap

Secondary, or scrap, tin is also an important source of the metal. <hl> The recovery of tin through secondary production, or recycling of scrap tin, is increasing rapidly. <hl> Whereas the United States has neither mined since 1993 nor smelted tin since 1989, it was the largest secondary producer, recycling nearly 14,000 tonnes in 2006.

Secondary, or scrap, tin is also an important source of the metal. The recovery of tin through secondary production, or <hl> recycling of scrap <hl> tin, is increasing rapidly. Whereas the United States has neither mined since 1993 nor smelted tin since 1989, it was the largest secondary producer, recycling nearly 14,000 tonnes in 2006.


Question: When was the last time the US mined tin?

Answer: 1993

Secondary, or scrap, tin is also an important source of the metal. The recovery of tin through secondary production, or recycling of scrap tin, is increasing rapidly. <hl> Whereas the United States has neither mined since 1993 nor smelted tin since 1989, it was the largest secondary producer, recycling nearly 14,000 tonnes in 2006. <hl>

Secondary, or scrap, tin is also an important source of the metal. The recovery of tin through secondary production, or recycling of scrap tin, is increasing rapidly. Whereas the United States has neither mined since <hl> 1993 <hl> nor smelted tin since 1989, it was the largest secondary producer, recycling nearly 14,000 tonnes in 2006.


Question: When was the last time the US smelted tin?

Answer: 1989

Secondary, or scrap, tin is also an important source of the metal. The recovery of tin through secondary production, or recycling of scrap tin, is increasing rapidly. <hl> Whereas the United States has neither mined since 1993 nor smelted tin since 1989 , it was the largest secondary producer, recycling nearly 14,000 tonnes in 2006. <hl>

Secondary, or scrap, tin is also an important source of the metal. The recovery of tin through secondary production, or recycling of scrap tin, is increasing rapidly. Whereas the United States has neither mined since 1993 nor smelted tin since <hl> 1989 <hl>, it was the largest secondary producer, recycling nearly 14,000 tonnes in 2006.

Whereas the United States has neither mined since 1993 nor smelted tin since <hl> 1989 <hl> , it was the largest secondary producer, recycling nearly 14,000 tonnes in 2006.


Question: How many tonnes did the US recycle in 2006?

Answer: 14,000

Secondary, or scrap, tin is also an important source of the metal. The recovery of tin through secondary production, or recycling of scrap tin, is increasing rapidly. <hl> Whereas the United States has neither mined since 1993 nor smelted tin since 1989, it was the largest secondary producer, recycling nearly 14,000 tonnes in 2006. <hl>

Secondary, or scrap, tin is also an important source of the metal. The recovery of tin through secondary production, or recycling of scrap tin, is increasing rapidly. Whereas the United States has neither mined since 1993 nor smelted tin since 1989, it was the largest secondary producer, recycling nearly <hl> 14,000 <hl> tonnes in 2006.


Question: What is another name for scrap tin?

Answer: Secondary

<hl> Secondary , or scrap, tin is also an important source of the metal. <hl> The recovery of tin through secondary production, or recycling of scrap tin, is increasing rapidly. Whereas the United States has neither mined since 1993 nor smelted tin since 1989, it was the largest secondary producer, recycling nearly 14,000 tonnes in 2006.

<hl> Secondary <hl>, or scrap, tin is also an important source of the metal. The recovery of tin through secondary production, or recycling of scrap tin, is increasing rapidly. Whereas the United States has neither mined since 1993 nor smelted tin since 1989, it was the largest secondary producer, recycling nearly 14,000 tonnes in 2006.

<hl> Secondary <hl> , or scrap, tin is also an important source of the metal.


Question: In regards to tin, what is increasing greatly?

Answer: recycling of scrap tin

Secondary, or scrap, tin is also an important source of the metal. <hl> The recovery of tin through secondary production, or recycling of scrap tin , is increasing rapidly. <hl> Whereas the United States has neither mined since 1993 nor smelted tin since 1989, it was the largest secondary producer, recycling nearly 14,000 tonnes in 2006.

Secondary, or scrap, tin is also an important source of the metal. The recovery of tin through secondary production, or <hl> recycling of scrap tin <hl>, is increasing rapidly. Whereas the United States has neither mined since 1993 nor smelted tin since 1989, it was the largest secondary producer, recycling nearly 14,000 tonnes in 2006.

The recovery of tin through secondary production, or <hl> recycling of scrap tin <hl> , is increasing rapidly.


Question: How many tonnes of tin was mined in 2006 in the United States?

Answer: nearly 14,000

Secondary, or scrap, tin is also an important source of the metal. The recovery of tin through secondary production, or recycling of scrap tin, is increasing rapidly. <hl> Whereas the United States has neither mined since 1993 nor smelted tin since 1989, it was the largest secondary producer, recycling nearly 14,000 tonnes in 2006. <hl>

Secondary, or scrap, tin is also an important source of the metal. The recovery of tin through secondary production, or recycling of scrap tin, is increasing rapidly. Whereas the United States has neither mined since 1993 nor smelted tin since 1989, it was the largest secondary producer, recycling <hl> nearly 14,000 <hl> tonnes in 2006.


Question: When was the last year that tin was mined in the United States?

Answer: 1993

Secondary, or scrap, tin is also an important source of the metal. The recovery of tin through secondary production, or recycling of scrap tin, is increasing rapidly. <hl> Whereas the United States has neither mined since 1993 nor smelted tin since 1989, it was the largest secondary producer, recycling nearly 14,000 tonnes in 2006. <hl>

Secondary, or scrap, tin is also an important source of the metal. The recovery of tin through secondary production, or recycling of scrap tin, is increasing rapidly. Whereas the United States has neither mined since <hl> 1993 <hl> nor smelted tin since 1989, it was the largest secondary producer, recycling nearly 14,000 tonnes in 2006.


Question: Where were deposits of tin reported?

New deposits are reported to be in southern Mongolia, and in 2009, new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia, by the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS.

Answer: southern Mongolia

<hl> New deposits are reported to be in southern Mongolia , and in 2009, new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia, by the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS. <hl>

New deposits are reported to be in <hl> southern Mongolia <hl>, and in 2009, new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia, by the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS.

New deposits are reported to be in <hl> southern Mongolia <hl> , and in 2009, new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia, by the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS.


Question: What group discovered the tin deposits in Colombia?

Answer: Seminole Group Colombia

<hl> New deposits are reported to be in southern Mongolia, and in 2009, new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia, by the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS. <hl>

New deposits are reported to be in southern Mongolia, and in 2009, new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia, by the <hl> Seminole Group Colombia <hl> CI, SAS.


Question: In what year were new deposits discovered?

Answer: 2009

<hl> New deposits are reported to be in southern Mongolia, and in 2009 , new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia, by the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS. <hl>

New deposits are reported to be in southern Mongolia, and in <hl> 2009 <hl>, new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia, by the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS.

New deposits are reported to be in southern Mongolia, and in <hl> 2009 <hl> , new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia, by the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS.


Question: New deposits of tin are reported to be where?

Answer: in southern Mongolia

<hl> New deposits are reported to be in southern Mongolia , and in 2009, new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia, by the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS. <hl>

New deposits are reported to be <hl> in southern Mongolia <hl>, and in 2009, new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia, by the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS.

New deposits are reported to be <hl> in southern Mongolia <hl> , and in 2009, new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia, by the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS.


Question: What was discovered in 2009?

Answer: new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia

<hl> New deposits are reported to be in southern Mongolia, and in 2009, new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia , by the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS. <hl>

New deposits are reported to be in southern Mongolia, and in 2009, <hl> new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia <hl>, by the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS.

New deposits are reported to be in southern Mongolia, and in 2009, <hl> new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia <hl> , by the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS.


Question: Who made the discovery of new tin deposits?

Answer: the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS

<hl> New deposits are reported to be in southern Mongolia, and in 2009, new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia, by the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS . <hl>

New deposits are reported to be in southern Mongolia, and in 2009, new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia, by <hl> the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS <hl>.

New deposits are reported to be in southern Mongolia, and in 2009, new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia, by <hl> the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS <hl> .


Question: Where is tin mainly traded?

The ten largest companies produced most of the world's tin in 2007. It is not clear which of these companies include tin smelted from the mine at Bisie, Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is controlled by a renegade militia and produces 15,000 tonnes.
Most of the world's tin is traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME), from 8 countries, under 17 brands.

Answer: London Metal Exchange (LME)

The ten largest companies produced most of the world's tin in 2007. It is not clear which of these companies include tin smelted from the mine at Bisie, Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is controlled by a renegade militia and produces 15,000 tonnes. <hl> Most of the world's tin is traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME) , from 8 countries, under 17 brands. <hl>

The ten largest companies produced most of the world's tin in 2007. It is not clear which of these companies include tin smelted from the mine at Bisie, Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is controlled by a renegade militia and produces 15,000 tonnes. Most of the world's tin is traded on the <hl> London Metal Exchange (LME) <hl>, from 8 countries, under 17 brands.

Most of the world's tin is traded on the <hl> London Metal Exchange (LME) <hl> , from 8 countries, under 17 brands.


Question: How many brands is the tin traded under?

Answer: 17 brands

The ten largest companies produced most of the world's tin in 2007. It is not clear which of these companies include tin smelted from the mine at Bisie, Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is controlled by a renegade militia and produces 15,000 tonnes. <hl> Most of the world's tin is traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME), from 8 countries, under 17 brands . <hl>

The ten largest companies produced most of the world's tin in 2007. It is not clear which of these companies include tin smelted from the mine at Bisie, Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is controlled by a renegade militia and produces 15,000 tonnes. Most of the world's tin is traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME), from 8 countries, under <hl> 17 brands <hl>.

Most of the world's tin is traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME), from 8 countries, under <hl> 17 brands <hl> .


Question: How many countries trade on the exchange?

Answer: 8

The ten largest companies produced most of the world's tin in 2007. It is not clear which of these companies include tin smelted from the mine at Bisie, Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is controlled by a renegade militia and produces 15,000 tonnes. <hl> Most of the world's tin is traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME), from 8 countries, under 17 brands. <hl>

The ten largest companies produced most of the world's tin in 2007. It is not clear which of these companies include tin smelted from the mine at Bisie, Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is controlled by a renegade militia and produces 15,000 tonnes. Most of the world's tin is traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME), from <hl> 8 <hl> countries, under 17 brands.


Question: How many tonnes does the mine at Bisie produce?

Answer: 15,000

The ten largest companies produced most of the world's tin in 2007. <hl> It is not clear which of these companies include tin smelted from the mine at Bisie, Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is controlled by a renegade militia and produces 15,000 tonnes. <hl> Most of the world's tin is traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME), from 8 countries, under 17 brands.

The ten largest companies produced most of the world's tin in 2007. It is not clear which of these companies include tin smelted from the mine at Bisie, Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is controlled by a renegade militia and produces <hl> 15,000 <hl> tonnes. Most of the world's tin is traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME), from 8 countries, under 17 brands.


Question: Who controls the Bisie mine?

Answer: renegade militia

The ten largest companies produced most of the world's tin in 2007. It is not clear which of these companies include tin smelted from the mine at Bisie, Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is controlled by <hl> a renegade militia and produces 15,000 tonnes. <hl> Most of the world's tin is traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME), from 8 countries, under 17 brands.

The ten largest companies produced most of the world's tin in 2007. It is not clear which of these companies include tin smelted from the mine at Bisie, Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is controlled by a <hl> renegade militia <hl> and produces 15,000 tonnes. Most of the world's tin is traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME), from 8 countries, under 17 brands.


Question: What produced most of the world's tin in 2007?

Answer: The ten largest companies

<hl> The ten largest companies produced most of the world's tin in 2007. <hl> It is not clear which of these companies include tin smelted from the mine at Bisie, Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is controlled by a renegade militia and produces 15,000 tonnes. Most of the world's tin is traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME), from 8 countries, under 17 brands.

<hl> The ten largest companies <hl> produced most of the world's tin in 2007. It is not clear which of these companies include tin smelted from the mine at Bisie, Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is controlled by a renegade militia and produces 15,000 tonnes. Most of the world's tin is traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME), from 8 countries, under 17 brands.


Question: The mine at Bisie produces how much tin?

Answer: 15,000 tonnes

The ten largest companies produced most of the world's tin in 2007. <hl> It is not clear which of these companies include tin smelted from the mine at Bisie, Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is controlled by a renegade militia and produces 15,000 tonnes . <hl> Most of the world's tin is traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME), from 8 countries, under 17 brands.

The ten largest companies produced most of the world's tin in 2007. It is not clear which of these companies include tin smelted from the mine at Bisie, Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is controlled by a renegade militia and produces <hl> 15,000 tonnes <hl>. Most of the world's tin is traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME), from 8 countries, under 17 brands.

It is not clear which of these companies include tin smelted from the mine at Bisie, Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is controlled by a renegade militia and produces <hl> 15,000 tonnes <hl> .