Question: what left the country without president for 14 months?

Answer: Political divisions

Mr. Abou Zeid said the current trash crisis also did not bode well for the government’s ability to deal with the country’s other problems. “If on such local matters they can’t even function and agree, how can they agree on the bigger issues?” Mr. Zeid said. The civil war in neighboring Syria and the more than 1.2 million refugees who have fled to Lebanon are taxing the economy and the government’s ability to provide services. <hl> Political divisions have left the country without a president for 14 months, and the current Parliament extended its own mandate last year, essentially re-electing itself after failing to agree on a law to govern new elections. <hl> Dysfunctional politics are nothing new in Lebanon, a country with 4.2 million people before the Syrian civil war. Since Lebanon’s own civil war that ended in 1990, a constellation of mostly sectarian political parties have tried to govern the country through consensus — a commodity often in short supply.

Mr. Abou Zeid said the current trash crisis also did not bode well for the government’s ability to deal with the country’s other problems. “If on such local matters they can’t even function and agree, how can they agree on the bigger issues?” Mr. Zeid said. The civil war in neighboring Syria and the more than 1.2 million refugees who have fled to Lebanon are taxing the economy and the government’s ability to provide services. <hl> Political divisions <hl> have left the country without a president for 14 months, and the current Parliament extended its own mandate last year, essentially re-electing itself after failing to agree on a law to govern new elections. Dysfunctional politics are nothing new in Lebanon, a country with 4.2 million people before the Syrian civil war. Since Lebanon’s own civil war that ended in 1990, a constellation of mostly sectarian political parties have tried to govern the country through consensus — a commodity often in short supply.


Question: when did Lebanon civil war end?

Mr. Abou Zeid said the current trash crisis also did not bode well for the government’s ability to deal with the country’s other problems. “If on such local matters they can’t even function and agree, how can they agree on the bigger issues?” Mr. Zeid said. The civil war in neighboring Syria and the more than 1.2 million refugees who have fled to Lebanon are taxing the economy and the government’s ability to provide services. Political divisions have left the country without a president for 14 months, and the current Parliament extended its own mandate last year, essentially re-electing itself after failing to agree on a law to govern new elections. Dysfunctional politics are nothing new in Lebanon, a country with 4.2 million people before the Syrian civil war. Since Lebanon’s own civil war that ended in 1990, a constellation of mostly sectarian political parties have tried to govern the country through consensus — a commodity often in short supply.

Answer: 1990

Mr. Abou Zeid said the current trash crisis also did not bode well for the government’s ability to deal with the country’s other problems. “If on such local matters they can’t even function and agree, how can they agree on the bigger issues?” Mr. Zeid said. The civil war in neighboring Syria and the more than 1.2 million refugees who have fled to Lebanon are taxing the economy and the government’s ability to provide services. Political divisions have left the country without a president for 14 months, and the current Parliament extended its own mandate last year, essentially re-electing itself after failing to agree on a law to govern new elections. Dysfunctional politics are nothing new in Lebanon, a country with 4.2 million people before the Syrian civil war. <hl> Since Lebanon’s own civil war that ended in 1990 , a constellation of mostly sectarian political parties have tried to govern the country through consensus — a commodity often in short supply. <hl>

Mr. Abou Zeid said the current trash crisis also did not bode well for the government’s ability to deal with the country’s other problems. “If on such local matters they can’t even function and agree, how can they agree on the bigger issues?” Mr. Zeid said. The civil war in neighboring Syria and the more than 1.2 million refugees who have fled to Lebanon are taxing the economy and the government’s ability to provide services. Political divisions have left the country without a president for 14 months, and the current Parliament extended its own mandate last year, essentially re-electing itself after failing to agree on a law to govern new elections. Dysfunctional politics are nothing new in Lebanon, a country with 4.2 million people before the Syrian civil war. Since Lebanon’s own civil war that ended in <hl> 1990 <hl>, a constellation of mostly sectarian political parties have tried to govern the country through consensus — a commodity often in short supply.

Since Lebanon’s own civil war that ended in <hl> 1990 <hl> , a constellation of mostly sectarian political parties have tried to govern the country through consensus — a commodity often in short supply.


Question: What president was swept aside last month?

This lack of reaction was symptomatic of why the administration of President Goodluck Jonathan was swept aside last month — the first time an incumbent president has been successfully voted out of office in the history of our nation. For too long they ruled, not governed, and in doing so had become so focused on their own self-interest and embroiled in corruption that the duty to react to the anguish suffered by their citizens had become alien to them. My administration, which will take office on May 29, will act differently — indeed it is the very reason we have been elected. This must begin with honesty as to whether the Chibok girls can be rescued. Currently their whereabouts remain unknown. We do not know the state of their health or welfare, or whether they are even still together or alive. As much as I wish to, I cannot promise that we can find them: to do so would be to offer unfounded hope, only to compound the grief if, later, we find we cannot match such expectation. But I say to every parent, family member and friend of the children that my government will do everything in its power to bring them home.

Answer: Goodluck Jonathan

<hl> This lack of reaction was symptomatic of why the administration of President Goodluck Jonathan was swept aside last month — the first time an incumbent president has been successfully voted out of office in the history of our nation. <hl> For too long they ruled, not governed, and in doing so had become so focused on their own self-interest and embroiled in corruption that the duty to react to the anguish suffered by their citizens had become alien to them. My administration, which will take office on May 29, will act differently — indeed it is the very reason we have been elected. This must begin with honesty as to whether the Chibok girls can be rescued. Currently their whereabouts remain unknown. We do not know the state of their health or welfare, or whether they are even still together or alive. As much as I wish to, I cannot promise that we can find them: to do so would be to offer unfounded hope, only to compound the grief if, later, we find we cannot match such expectation. But I say to every parent, family member and friend of the children that my government will do everything in its power to bring them home.

This lack of reaction was symptomatic of why the administration of President <hl> Goodluck Jonathan <hl> was swept aside last month — the first time an incumbent president has been successfully voted out of office in the history of our nation. For too long they ruled, not governed, and in doing so had become so focused on their own self-interest and embroiled in corruption that the duty to react to the anguish suffered by their citizens had become alien to them. My administration, which will take office on May 29, will act differently — indeed it is the very reason we have been elected. This must begin with honesty as to whether the Chibok girls can be rescued. Currently their whereabouts remain unknown. We do not know the state of their health or welfare, or whether they are even still together or alive. As much as I wish to, I cannot promise that we can find them: to do so would be to offer unfounded hope, only to compound the grief if, later, we find we cannot match such expectation. But I say to every parent, family member and friend of the children that my government will do everything in its power to bring them home.


Question: What day does the new administration take office?

Answer: May 29

This lack of reaction was symptomatic of why the administration of President Goodluck Jonathan was swept aside last month — the first time an incumbent president has been successfully voted out of office in the history of our nation. For too long they ruled, not governed, and in doing so had become so focused on their own self-interest and embroiled in corruption that the duty to react to the anguish suffered by their citizens had become alien to them. <hl> My administration, which will take office on May 29 , will act differently — indeed it is the very reason we have been elected. <hl> This must begin with honesty as to whether the Chibok girls can be rescued. Currently their whereabouts remain unknown. We do not know the state of their health or welfare, or whether they are even still together or alive. As much as I wish to, I cannot promise that we can find them: to do so would be to offer unfounded hope, only to compound the grief if, later, we find we cannot match such expectation. But I say to every parent, family member and friend of the children that my government will do everything in its power to bring them home.

This lack of reaction was symptomatic of why the administration of President Goodluck Jonathan was swept aside last month — the first time an incumbent president has been successfully voted out of office in the history of our nation. For too long they ruled, not governed, and in doing so had become so focused on their own self-interest and embroiled in corruption that the duty to react to the anguish suffered by their citizens had become alien to them. My administration, which will take office on <hl> May 29 <hl>, will act differently — indeed it is the very reason we have been elected. This must begin with honesty as to whether the Chibok girls can be rescued. Currently their whereabouts remain unknown. We do not know the state of their health or welfare, or whether they are even still together or alive. As much as I wish to, I cannot promise that we can find them: to do so would be to offer unfounded hope, only to compound the grief if, later, we find we cannot match such expectation. But I say to every parent, family member and friend of the children that my government will do everything in its power to bring them home.

My administration, which will take office on <hl> May 29 <hl> , will act differently — indeed it is the very reason we have been elected.


Question: What girls are missing?

Answer: Chibok girls

This lack of reaction was symptomatic of why the administration of President Goodluck Jonathan was swept aside last month — the first time an incumbent president has been successfully voted out of office in the history of our nation. For too long they ruled, not governed, and in doing so had become so focused on their own self-interest and embroiled in corruption that the duty to react to the anguish suffered by their citizens had become alien to them. My administration, which will take office on May 29, will act differently — indeed it is the very reason we have been elected. <hl> This must begin with honesty as to whether the Chibok girls can be rescued. <hl> Currently their whereabouts remain unknown. We do not know the state of their health or welfare, or whether they are even still together or alive. As much as I wish to, I cannot promise that we can find them: to do so would be to offer unfounded hope, only to compound the grief if, later, we find we cannot match such expectation. But I say to every parent, family member and friend of the children that my government will do everything in its power to bring them home.

This lack of reaction was symptomatic of why the administration of President Goodluck Jonathan was swept aside last month — the first time an incumbent president has been successfully voted out of office in the history of our nation. For too long they ruled, not governed, and in doing so had become so focused on their own self-interest and embroiled in corruption that the duty to react to the anguish suffered by their citizens had become alien to them. My administration, which will take office on May 29, will act differently — indeed it is the very reason we have been elected. This must begin with honesty as to whether the <hl> Chibok girls <hl> can be rescued. Currently their whereabouts remain unknown. We do not know the state of their health or welfare, or whether they are even still together or alive. As much as I wish to, I cannot promise that we can find them: to do so would be to offer unfounded hope, only to compound the grief if, later, we find we cannot match such expectation. But I say to every parent, family member and friend of the children that my government will do everything in its power to bring them home.


Question: Where are the Chibok girls?

Answer: Currently their whereabouts remain unknown

This lack of reaction was symptomatic of why the administration of President Goodluck Jonathan was swept aside last month — the first time an incumbent president has been successfully voted out of office in the history of our nation. For too long they ruled, not governed, and in doing so had become so focused on their own self-interest and embroiled in corruption that the duty to react to the anguish suffered by their citizens had become alien to them. My administration, which will take office on May 29, will act differently — indeed it is the very reason we have been elected. This must begin with honesty as to whether the Chibok girls can be rescued. <hl> Currently their whereabouts remain unknown . <hl> We do not know the state of their health or welfare, or whether they are even still together or alive. As much as I wish to, I cannot promise that we can find them: to do so would be to offer unfounded hope, only to compound the grief if, later, we find we cannot match such expectation. But I say to every parent, family member and friend of the children that my government will do everything in its power to bring them home.

This lack of reaction was symptomatic of why the administration of President Goodluck Jonathan was swept aside last month — the first time an incumbent president has been successfully voted out of office in the history of our nation. For too long they ruled, not governed, and in doing so had become so focused on their own self-interest and embroiled in corruption that the duty to react to the anguish suffered by their citizens had become alien to them. My administration, which will take office on May 29, will act differently — indeed it is the very reason we have been elected. This must begin with honesty as to whether the Chibok girls can be rescued. <hl> Currently their whereabouts remain unknown <hl>. We do not know the state of their health or welfare, or whether they are even still together or alive. As much as I wish to, I cannot promise that we can find them: to do so would be to offer unfounded hope, only to compound the grief if, later, we find we cannot match such expectation. But I say to every parent, family member and friend of the children that my government will do everything in its power to bring them home.

<hl> Currently their whereabouts remain unknown <hl> .


Question: Who is joining Boko Haram?

But as our military pushes Boko Haram back, as it will, we must be ready to focus on what else must be done to counter the terrorists. We must address why it is that young people join Boko Haram. There are many reasons why vulnerable young people join militant groups, but among them are poverty and ignorance. Indeed Boko Haram — which translates in English, roughly, as “Western Education Is Sinful” — preys on the perverted belief that the opportunities that education brings are sinful. If you are starving and young, and in search of answers as to why your life is so difficult, fundamentalism can be alluring. We know this for a fact because former members of Boko Haram have admitted it: They offer impressionable young people money and the promise of food, while the group’s mentors twist their minds with fanaticism.

Answer: young people

But as our military pushes Boko Haram back, as it will, we must be ready to focus on what else must be done to counter the terrorists. <hl> We must address why it is that young people join Boko Haram. <hl> There are many reasons why vulnerable young people join militant groups, but among them are poverty and ignorance. Indeed Boko Haram — which translates in English, roughly, as “Western Education Is Sinful” — preys on the perverted belief that the opportunities that education brings are sinful. If you are starving and young, and in search of answers as to why your life is so difficult, fundamentalism can be alluring. We know this for a fact because former members of Boko Haram have admitted it: They offer impressionable young people money and the promise of food, while the group’s mentors twist their minds with fanaticism.

But as our military pushes Boko Haram back, as it will, we must be ready to focus on what else must be done to counter the terrorists. We must address why it is that <hl> young people <hl> join Boko Haram. There are many reasons why vulnerable young people join militant groups, but among them are poverty and ignorance. Indeed Boko Haram — which translates in English, roughly, as “Western Education Is Sinful” — preys on the perverted belief that the opportunities that education brings are sinful. If you are starving and young, and in search of answers as to why your life is so difficult, fundamentalism can be alluring. We know this for a fact because former members of Boko Haram have admitted it: They offer impressionable young people money and the promise of food, while the group’s mentors twist their minds with fanaticism.


Question: Why are young people joining Boko Haram?

Answer: poverty and ignorance

But as our military pushes Boko Haram back, as it will, we must be ready to focus on what else must be done to counter the terrorists. We must address why it is that young people join Boko Haram. <hl> There are many reasons why vulnerable young people join militant groups, but among them are poverty and ignorance . <hl> Indeed Boko Haram — which translates in English, roughly, as “Western Education Is Sinful” — preys on the perverted belief that the opportunities that education brings are sinful. If you are starving and young, and in search of answers as to why your life is so difficult, fundamentalism can be alluring. We know this for a fact because former members of Boko Haram have admitted it: They offer impressionable young people money and the promise of food, while the group’s mentors twist their minds with fanaticism.

But as our military pushes Boko Haram back, as it will, we must be ready to focus on what else must be done to counter the terrorists. We must address why it is that young people join Boko Haram. There are many reasons why vulnerable young people join militant groups, but among them are <hl> poverty and ignorance <hl>. Indeed Boko Haram — which translates in English, roughly, as “Western Education Is Sinful” — preys on the perverted belief that the opportunities that education brings are sinful. If you are starving and young, and in search of answers as to why your life is so difficult, fundamentalism can be alluring. We know this for a fact because former members of Boko Haram have admitted it: They offer impressionable young people money and the promise of food, while the group’s mentors twist their minds with fanaticism.

There are many reasons why vulnerable young people join militant groups, but among them are <hl> poverty and ignorance <hl> .


Question: What does Boko Haram mean in English?

Answer: “Western Education Is Sinful”

But as our military pushes Boko Haram back, as it will, we must be ready to focus on what else must be done to counter the terrorists. We must address why it is that young people join Boko Haram. There are many reasons why vulnerable young people join militant groups, but among them are poverty and ignorance. <hl> Indeed Boko Haram — which translates in English, roughly, as “Western Education Is Sinful” — preys on the perverted belief that the opportunities that education brings are sinful. <hl> If you are starving and young, and in search of answers as to why your life is so difficult, fundamentalism can be alluring. We know this for a fact because former members of Boko Haram have admitted it: They offer impressionable young people money and the promise of food, while the group’s mentors twist their minds with fanaticism.

But as our military pushes Boko Haram back, as it will, we must be ready to focus on what else must be done to counter the terrorists. We must address why it is that young people join Boko Haram. There are many reasons why vulnerable young people join militant groups, but among them are poverty and ignorance. Indeed Boko Haram — which translates in English, roughly, as <hl> “Western Education Is Sinful” <hl> — preys on the perverted belief that the opportunities that education brings are sinful. If you are starving and young, and in search of answers as to why your life is so difficult, fundamentalism can be alluring. We know this for a fact because former members of Boko Haram have admitted it: They offer impressionable young people money and the promise of food, while the group’s mentors twist their minds with fanaticism.


Question: What do members of Boko Haram promise young people?

Answer: money

But as our military pushes Boko Haram back, as it will, we must be ready to focus on what else must be done to counter the terrorists. We must address why it is that young people join Boko Haram. There are many reasons why vulnerable young people join militant groups, but among them are poverty and ignorance. Indeed Boko Haram — which translates in English, roughly, as “Western Education Is Sinful” — preys on the perverted belief that the opportunities that education brings are sinful. If you are starving and young, and in search of answers as to why your life is so difficult, fundamentalism can be alluring. <hl> We know this for a fact because former members of Boko Haram have admitted it: They offer impressionable young people money and the promise of food, while the group’s mentors twist their minds with fanaticism. <hl>

But as our military pushes Boko Haram back, as it will, we must be ready to focus on what else must be done to counter the terrorists. We must address why it is that young people join Boko Haram. There are many reasons why vulnerable young people join militant groups, but among them are poverty and ignorance. Indeed Boko Haram — which translates in English, roughly, as “Western Education Is Sinful” — preys on the perverted belief that the opportunities that education brings are sinful. If you are starving and young, and in search of answers as to why your life is so difficult, fundamentalism can be alluring. We know this for a fact because former members of Boko Haram have admitted it: They offer impressionable young people <hl> money <hl> and the promise of food, while the group’s mentors twist their minds with fanaticism.


Question: What country could resume a military training agreement with Nigeria?

That is why the answer to defeating Boko Haram begins and ends with Nigeria. That is not to say that allies cannot help us. My administration would welcome the resumption of a military training agreement with the United States, which was halted during the previous administration. We must, of course, have better coordination with the military campaigns our African allies, like Chad and Niger, are waging in the struggle against Boko Haram. But, in the end, the answer to this threat must come from within Nigeria.

Answer: United States

That is why the answer to defeating Boko Haram begins and ends with Nigeria. That is not to say that allies cannot help us. <hl> My administration would welcome the resumption of a military training agreement with the United States , which was halted during the previous administration. <hl> We must, of course, have better coordination with the military campaigns our African allies, like Chad and Niger, are waging in the struggle against Boko Haram. But, in the end, the answer to this threat must come from within Nigeria.

That is why the answer to defeating Boko Haram begins and ends with Nigeria. That is not to say that allies cannot help us. My administration would welcome the resumption of a military training agreement with the <hl> United States <hl>, which was halted during the previous administration. We must, of course, have better coordination with the military campaigns our African allies, like Chad and Niger, are waging in the struggle against Boko Haram. But, in the end, the answer to this threat must come from within Nigeria.

My administration would welcome the resumption of a military training agreement with the <hl> United States <hl> , which was halted during the previous administration.


Question: Who can help defeat Boko Haram?

Answer: allies

That is why the answer to defeating Boko Haram begins and ends with Nigeria. <hl> That is not to say that allies cannot help us. <hl> My administration would welcome the resumption of a military training agreement with the United States, which was halted during the previous administration. We must, of course, have better coordination with the military campaigns our African allies, like Chad and Niger, are waging in the struggle against Boko Haram. But, in the end, the answer to this threat must come from within Nigeria.

That is why the answer to defeating Boko Haram begins and ends with Nigeria. That is not to say that <hl> allies <hl> cannot help us. My administration would welcome the resumption of a military training agreement with the United States, which was halted during the previous administration. We must, of course, have better coordination with the military campaigns our African allies, like Chad and Niger, are waging in the struggle against Boko Haram. But, in the end, the answer to this threat must come from within Nigeria.


Question: What countries are African allies?

Answer: Chad and Niger

That is why the answer to defeating Boko Haram begins and ends with Nigeria. That is not to say that allies cannot help us. My administration would welcome the resumption of a military training agreement with the United States, which was halted during the previous administration. <hl> We must, of course, have better coordination with the military campaigns our African allies, like Chad and Niger , are waging in the struggle against Boko Haram. <hl> But, in the end, the answer to this threat must come from within Nigeria.

That is why the answer to defeating Boko Haram begins and ends with Nigeria. That is not to say that allies cannot help us. My administration would welcome the resumption of a military training agreement with the United States, which was halted during the previous administration. We must, of course, have better coordination with the military campaigns our African allies, like <hl> Chad and Niger <hl>, are waging in the struggle against Boko Haram. But, in the end, the answer to this threat must come from within Nigeria.

We must, of course, have better coordination with the military campaigns our African allies, like <hl> Chad and Niger <hl> , are waging in the struggle against Boko Haram.


Question: Who ended the military agreement with the United States?

Answer: the previous administration

That is why the answer to defeating Boko Haram begins and ends with Nigeria. That is not to say that allies cannot help us. <hl> My administration would welcome the resumption of a military training agreement with the United States, which was halted during the previous administration . <hl> We must, of course, have better coordination with the military campaigns our African allies, like Chad and Niger, are waging in the struggle against Boko Haram. But, in the end, the answer to this threat must come from within Nigeria.

That is why the answer to defeating Boko Haram begins and ends with Nigeria. That is not to say that allies cannot help us. My administration would welcome the resumption of a military training agreement with the United States, which was halted during <hl> the previous administration <hl>. We must, of course, have better coordination with the military campaigns our African allies, like Chad and Niger, are waging in the struggle against Boko Haram. But, in the end, the answer to this threat must come from within Nigeria.

My administration would welcome the resumption of a military training agreement with the United States, which was halted during <hl> the previous administration <hl> .


Question: What is the name of the terrorist group?

What I can pledge, with absolute certainty, is that from the first day of my administration, Boko Haram will know the strength of our collective will and commitment to rid this nation of terror, and bring back peace and normalcy to all the affected areas. Until now, Nigeria has been wanting in its response to their threat: With our neighbors fighting hard to push the terrorists south and out of their countries, our military was not sufficiently supported or equipped to push north. As a consequence, the outgoing government’s lack of determination was an accidental enabler of the group, allowing them to operate with impunity in Nigerian territory.

Answer: Boko Haram

<hl> What I can pledge, with absolute certainty, is that from the first day of my administration, Boko Haram will know the strength of our collective will and commitment to rid this nation of terror, and bring back peace and normalcy to all the affected areas. <hl> Until now, Nigeria has been wanting in its response to their threat: With our neighbors fighting hard to push the terrorists south and out of their countries, our military was not sufficiently supported or equipped to push north. As a consequence, the outgoing government’s lack of determination was an accidental enabler of the group, allowing them to operate with impunity in Nigerian territory.

What I can pledge, with absolute certainty, is that from the first day of my administration, <hl> Boko Haram <hl> will know the strength of our collective will and commitment to rid this nation of terror, and bring back peace and normalcy to all the affected areas. Until now, Nigeria has been wanting in its response to their threat: With our neighbors fighting hard to push the terrorists south and out of their countries, our military was not sufficiently supported or equipped to push north. As a consequence, the outgoing government’s lack of determination was an accidental enabler of the group, allowing them to operate with impunity in Nigerian territory.


Question: What country is Boko Haram affecting?

Answer: Nigeria

What I can pledge, with absolute certainty, is that from the first day of my administration, Boko Haram will know the strength of our collective will and commitment to rid this nation of terror, and bring back peace and normalcy to all the affected areas. <hl> Until now, Nigeria has been wanting in its response to their threat: With our neighbors fighting hard to push the terrorists south and out of their countries, our military was not sufficiently supported or equipped to push north. <hl> As a consequence, the outgoing government’s lack of determination was an accidental enabler of the group, allowing them to operate with impunity in Nigerian territory.

What I can pledge, with absolute certainty, is that from the first day of my administration, Boko Haram will know the strength of our collective will and commitment to rid this nation of terror, and bring back peace and normalcy to all the affected areas. Until now, <hl> Nigeria <hl> has been wanting in its response to their threat: With our neighbors fighting hard to push the terrorists south and out of their countries, our military was not sufficiently supported or equipped to push north. As a consequence, the outgoing government’s lack of determination was an accidental enabler of the group, allowing them to operate with impunity in Nigerian territory.


Question: What day will the new president begin fighting Boko Haram?

Answer: the first day of my administration

<hl> What I can pledge, with absolute certainty, is that from the first day of my administration , Boko Haram will know the strength of our collective will and commitment to rid this nation of terror, and bring back peace and normalcy to all the affected areas. <hl> Until now, Nigeria has been wanting in its response to their threat: With our neighbors fighting hard to push the terrorists south and out of their countries, our military was not sufficiently supported or equipped to push north. As a consequence, the outgoing government’s lack of determination was an accidental enabler of the group, allowing them to operate with impunity in Nigerian territory.

What I can pledge, with absolute certainty, is that from <hl> the first day of my administration <hl>, Boko Haram will know the strength of our collective will and commitment to rid this nation of terror, and bring back peace and normalcy to all the affected areas. Until now, Nigeria has been wanting in its response to their threat: With our neighbors fighting hard to push the terrorists south and out of their countries, our military was not sufficiently supported or equipped to push north. As a consequence, the outgoing government’s lack of determination was an accidental enabler of the group, allowing them to operate with impunity in Nigerian territory.

What I can pledge, with absolute certainty, is that from <hl> the first day of my administration <hl> , Boko Haram will know the strength of our collective will and commitment to rid this nation of terror, and bring back peace and normalcy to all the affected areas.


Question: Who let Boko Haram operate in Nigerian territory?

Answer: the outgoing government

What I can pledge, with absolute certainty, is that from the first day of my administration, Boko Haram will know the strength of our collective will and commitment to rid this nation of terror, and bring back peace and normalcy to all the affected areas. Until now, Nigeria has been wanting in its response to their threat: With our neighbors fighting hard to push the terrorists south and out of their countries, our military was not sufficiently supported or equipped to push north. <hl> As a consequence, the outgoing government ’s lack of determination was an accidental enabler of the group, allowing them to operate with impunity in Nigerian territory. <hl>

What I can pledge, with absolute certainty, is that from the first day of my administration, Boko Haram will know the strength of our collective will and commitment to rid this nation of terror, and bring back peace and normalcy to all the affected areas. Until now, Nigeria has been wanting in its response to their threat: With our neighbors fighting hard to push the terrorists south and out of their countries, our military was not sufficiently supported or equipped to push north. As a consequence, <hl> the outgoing government <hl>’s lack of determination was an accidental enabler of the group, allowing them to operate with impunity in Nigerian territory.

As a consequence, <hl> the outgoing government <hl> ’s lack of determination was an accidental enabler of the group, allowing them to operate with impunity in Nigerian territory.


Question: What company did the Administration create new oversight rules for?

Answer: Corinthian Colleges

<hl> The Obama administration took an important step in the right direction when it created new oversight rules for the industry and stepped up its investigations into companies like Corinthian Colleges — one of the largest operators of for-profit colleges and trade schools in the country until it collapsed last year amid state and federal lawsuits and fraud investigations. <hl>

The Obama administration took an important step in the right direction when it created new oversight rules for the industry and stepped up its investigations into companies like <hl> Corinthian Colleges <hl> — one of the largest operators of for-profit colleges and trade schools in the country until it collapsed last year amid state and federal lawsuits and fraud investigations.


Question: When did the Corinthian Colleges collapse?

Answer: last year

<hl> The Obama administration took an important step in the right direction when it created new oversight rules for the industry and stepped up its investigations into companies like Corinthian Colleges — one of the largest operators of for-profit colleges and trade schools in the country until it collapsed last year amid state and federal lawsuits and fraud investigations. <hl>

The Obama administration took an important step in the right direction when it created new oversight rules for the industry and stepped up its investigations into companies like Corinthian Colleges — one of the largest operators of for-profit colleges and trade schools in the country until it collapsed <hl> last year <hl> amid state and federal lawsuits and fraud investigations.


Question: Which adminstration created new oversight rules

Answer: Obama administration

<hl> The Obama administration took an important step in the right direction when it created new oversight rules for the industry and stepped up its investigations into companies like Corinthian Colleges — one of the largest operators of for-profit colleges and trade schools in the country until it collapsed last year amid state and federal lawsuits and fraud investigations. <hl>

The <hl> Obama administration <hl> took an important step in the right direction when it created new oversight rules for the industry and stepped up its investigations into companies like Corinthian Colleges — one of the largest operators of for-profit colleges and trade schools in the country until it collapsed last year amid state and federal lawsuits and fraud investigations.


Question: What is corinthian college?

Answer: for-profit colleges and trade schools

<hl> The Obama administration took an important step in the right direction when it created new oversight rules for the industry and stepped up its investigations into companies like Corinthian Colleges — one of the largest operators of for-profit colleges and trade schools in the country until it collapsed last year amid state and federal lawsuits and fraud investigations. <hl>

The Obama administration took an important step in the right direction when it created new oversight rules for the industry and stepped up its investigations into companies like Corinthian Colleges — one of the largest operators of <hl> for-profit colleges and trade schools <hl> in the country until it collapsed last year amid state and federal lawsuits and fraud investigations.


Question: What company did the Administration create new oversight rules for?

Answer: Corinthian Colleges

<hl> The Obama administration took an important step in the right direction when it created new oversight rules for the industry and stepped up its investigations into companies like Corinthian Colleges — one of the largest operators of for-profit colleges and trade schools in the country until it collapsed last year amid state and federal lawsuits and fraud investigations. <hl>

The Obama administration took an important step in the right direction when it created new oversight rules for the industry and stepped up its investigations into companies like <hl> Corinthian Colleges <hl> — one of the largest operators of for-profit colleges and trade schools in the country until it collapsed last year amid state and federal lawsuits and fraud investigations.


Question: What is corinthian college?

Answer: for-profit colleges and trade schools

<hl> The Obama administration took an important step in the right direction when it created new oversight rules for the industry and stepped up its investigations into companies like Corinthian Colleges — one of the largest operators of for-profit colleges and trade schools in the country until it collapsed last year amid state and federal lawsuits and fraud investigations. <hl>

The Obama administration took an important step in the right direction when it created new oversight rules for the industry and stepped up its investigations into companies like Corinthian Colleges — one of the largest operators of <hl> for-profit colleges and trade schools <hl> in the country until it collapsed last year amid state and federal lawsuits and fraud investigations.


Question: When did the Corinthian Colleges collapse?

Answer: last year

<hl> The Obama administration took an important step in the right direction when it created new oversight rules for the industry and stepped up its investigations into companies like Corinthian Colleges — one of the largest operators of for-profit colleges and trade schools in the country until it collapsed last year amid state and federal lawsuits and fraud investigations. <hl>

The Obama administration took an important step in the right direction when it created new oversight rules for the industry and stepped up its investigations into companies like Corinthian Colleges — one of the largest operators of for-profit colleges and trade schools in the country until it collapsed <hl> last year <hl> amid state and federal lawsuits and fraud investigations.


Question: Which adminstration created new oversight rules

Answer: Obama administration

<hl> The Obama administration took an important step in the right direction when it created new oversight rules for the industry and stepped up its investigations into companies like Corinthian Colleges — one of the largest operators of for-profit colleges and trade schools in the country until it collapsed last year amid state and federal lawsuits and fraud investigations. <hl>

The <hl> Obama administration <hl> took an important step in the right direction when it created new oversight rules for the industry and stepped up its investigations into companies like Corinthian Colleges — one of the largest operators of for-profit colleges and trade schools in the country until it collapsed last year amid state and federal lawsuits and fraud investigations.


Question: Which college is involeved in fruad?

With abundant evidence of fraud available at both the federal and state levels, it’s perplexing that the federal government has not promptly granted loan forgiveness for at least some of the people with complaints involving fraud. The Education Department says that the Heald College claims will be decided in November, because the government has made a clear finding of misconduct by the school. The remaining claims, it says, will be decided as swiftly and fairly as possible. The risk is that the department’s legendary bureaucracy will drag its feet and make it difficult for deserving plaintiffs to get relief. In addition, the department needs to do a much better job of reaching out to people who have potential claims. It has promised to build its cases on evidence already assembled by state attorneys general, which should speed the process. When evidence of widespread fraud is uncovered, the department should give broad relief to all the damaged parties.

Answer: Heald College

With abundant evidence of fraud available at both the federal and state levels, it’s perplexing that the federal government has not promptly granted loan forgiveness for at least some of the people with complaints involving fraud. <hl> The Education Department says that the Heald College claims will be decided in November, because the government has made a clear finding of misconduct by the school. <hl> The remaining claims, it says, will be decided as swiftly and fairly as possible. The risk is that the department’s legendary bureaucracy will drag its feet and make it difficult for deserving plaintiffs to get relief. In addition, the department needs to do a much better job of reaching out to people who have potential claims. It has promised to build its cases on evidence already assembled by state attorneys general, which should speed the process. When evidence of widespread fraud is uncovered, the department should give broad relief to all the damaged parties.

With abundant evidence of fraud available at both the federal and state levels, it’s perplexing that the federal government has not promptly granted loan forgiveness for at least some of the people with complaints involving fraud. The Education Department says that the <hl> Heald College <hl> claims will be decided in November, because the government has made a clear finding of misconduct by the school. The remaining claims, it says, will be decided as swiftly and fairly as possible. The risk is that the department’s legendary bureaucracy will drag its feet and make it difficult for deserving plaintiffs to get relief. In addition, the department needs to do a much better job of reaching out to people who have potential claims. It has promised to build its cases on evidence already assembled by state attorneys general, which should speed the process. When evidence of widespread fraud is uncovered, the department should give broad relief to all the damaged parties.


Question: when will the claim be decided?

Answer: November

With abundant evidence of fraud available at both the federal and state levels, it’s perplexing that the federal government has not promptly granted loan forgiveness for at least some of the people with complaints involving fraud. <hl> The Education Department says that the Heald College claims will be decided in November , because the government has made a clear finding of misconduct by the school <hl> . The remaining claims, it says, will be decided as swiftly and fairly as possible. The risk is that the department’s legendary bureaucracy will drag its feet and make it difficult for deserving plaintiffs to get relief. In addition, the department needs to do a much better job of reaching out to people who have potential claims. It has promised to build its cases on evidence already assembled by state attorneys general, which should speed the process. When evidence of widespread fraud is uncovered, the department should give broad relief to all the damaged parties.

With abundant evidence of fraud available at both the federal and state levels, it’s perplexing that the federal government has not promptly granted loan forgiveness for at least some of the people with complaints involving fraud. The Education Department says that the Heald College claims will be decided in <hl> November <hl>, because the government has made a clear finding of misconduct by the school. The remaining claims, it says, will be decided as swiftly and fairly as possible. The risk is that the department’s legendary bureaucracy will drag its feet and make it difficult for deserving plaintiffs to get relief. In addition, the department needs to do a much better job of reaching out to people who have potential claims. It has promised to build its cases on evidence already assembled by state attorneys general, which should speed the process. When evidence of widespread fraud is uncovered, the department should give broad relief to all the damaged parties.

The Education Department says that the Heald College claims will be decided in <hl> November <hl> , because the government has made a clear finding of misconduct by the school


Question: what is the risk of the case?

Answer: the department’s legendary bureaucracy will drag its feet

With abundant evidence of fraud available at both the federal and state levels, it’s perplexing that the federal government has not promptly granted loan forgiveness for at least some of the people with complaints involving fraud. The Education Department says that the Heald College claims will be decided in November, because the government has made a clear finding of misconduct by the school. The remaining claims, it says, will be decided as swiftly and fairly as possible. <hl> The risk is that the department’s legendary bureaucracy will drag its feet and make it difficult for deserving plaintiffs to get relief. <hl> In addition, the department needs to do a much better job of reaching out to people who have potential claims. It has promised to build its cases on evidence already assembled by state attorneys general, which should speed the process. When evidence of widespread fraud is uncovered, the department should give broad relief to all the damaged parties.

With abundant evidence of fraud available at both the federal and state levels, it’s perplexing that the federal government has not promptly granted loan forgiveness for at least some of the people with complaints involving fraud. The Education Department says that the Heald College claims will be decided in November, because the government has made a clear finding of misconduct by the school. The remaining claims, it says, will be decided as swiftly and fairly as possible. The risk is that <hl> the department’s legendary bureaucracy will drag its feet <hl> and make it difficult for deserving plaintiffs to get relief. In addition, the department needs to do a much better job of reaching out to people who have potential claims. It has promised to build its cases on evidence already assembled by state attorneys general, which should speed the process. When evidence of widespread fraud is uncovered, the department should give broad relief to all the damaged parties.


Question: Who is assembling he case?

Answer: state attorneys general

With abundant evidence of fraud available at both the federal and state levels, it’s perplexing that the federal government has not promptly granted loan forgiveness for at least some of the people with complaints involving fraud. The Education Department says that the Heald College claims will be decided in November, because the government has made a clear finding of misconduct by the school. The remaining claims, it says, will be decided as swiftly and fairly as possible. The risk is that the department’s legendary bureaucracy will drag its feet and make it difficult for deserving plaintiffs to get relief. In addition, the department needs to do a much better job of reaching out to people who have potential claims. <hl> It has promised to build its cases on evidence already assembled by state attorneys general , which should speed the process. <hl> When evidence of widespread fraud is uncovered, the department should give broad relief to all the damaged parties.

With abundant evidence of fraud available at both the federal and state levels, it’s perplexing that the federal government has not promptly granted loan forgiveness for at least some of the people with complaints involving fraud. The Education Department says that the Heald College claims will be decided in November, because the government has made a clear finding of misconduct by the school. The remaining claims, it says, will be decided as swiftly and fairly as possible. The risk is that the department’s legendary bureaucracy will drag its feet and make it difficult for deserving plaintiffs to get relief. In addition, the department needs to do a much better job of reaching out to people who have potential claims. It has promised to build its cases on evidence already assembled by <hl> state attorneys general <hl>, which should speed the process. When evidence of widespread fraud is uncovered, the department should give broad relief to all the damaged parties.

It has promised to build its cases on evidence already assembled by <hl> state attorneys general <hl> , which should speed the process.


Question: What is the name of the conductor?

ESA-PEKKA SALONEN, conductor and composer: Young people are attracted to black-and-white statements. At least I was. And Boulez was like a black-and-white statement machine. He said, “This is wrong, and this is right.” The statements Boulez made were kind of refreshingly categorical. Like the famous one from the ’50s: “If a composer has not experienced the necessity of dodecaphonic technique, he is useless.” That’s a good sentence because it tells you what is what. It takes the guessing out of the equation.

Answer: ESA-PEKKA SALONEN

<hl> ESA-PEKKA SALONEN , conductor and composer: Young people are attracted to black-and-white statements. <hl> At least I was. And Boulez was like a black-and-white statement machine. He said, “This is wrong, and this is right.” The statements Boulez made were kind of refreshingly categorical. Like the famous one from the ’50s: “If a composer has not experienced the necessity of dodecaphonic technique, he is useless.” That’s a good sentence because it tells you what is what. It takes the guessing out of the equation.

<hl> ESA-PEKKA SALONEN <hl>, conductor and composer: Young people are attracted to black-and-white statements. At least I was. And Boulez was like a black-and-white statement machine. He said, “This is wrong, and this is right.” The statements Boulez made were kind of refreshingly categorical. Like the famous one from the ’50s: “If a composer has not experienced the necessity of dodecaphonic technique, he is useless.” That’s a good sentence because it tells you what is what. It takes the guessing out of the equation.

<hl> ESA-PEKKA SALONEN <hl> , conductor and composer: Young people are attracted to black-and-white statements.


Question: The statements that Boulez made were what?

Answer: refreshingly categorical

ESA-PEKKA SALONEN, conductor and composer: Young people are attracted to black-and-white statements. At least I was. And Boulez was like a black-and-white statement machine. He said, “This is wrong, and this is right.” <hl> The statements Boulez made were kind of refreshingly categorical . <hl> Like the famous one from the ’50s: “If a composer has not experienced the necessity of dodecaphonic technique, he is useless.” That’s a good sentence because it tells you what is what. It takes the guessing out of the equation.

ESA-PEKKA SALONEN, conductor and composer: Young people are attracted to black-and-white statements. At least I was. And Boulez was like a black-and-white statement machine. He said, “This is wrong, and this is right.” The statements Boulez made were kind of <hl> refreshingly categorical <hl>. Like the famous one from the ’50s: “If a composer has not experienced the necessity of dodecaphonic technique, he is useless.” That’s a good sentence because it tells you what is what. It takes the guessing out of the equation.

The statements Boulez made were kind of <hl> refreshingly categorical <hl> .


Question: What are young people attracted to?

Answer: black-and-white statements

ESA-PEKKA SALONEN, conductor and composer: <hl> Young people are attracted to black-and-white statements . <hl> At least I was. And Boulez was like a black-and-white statement machine. He said, “This is wrong, and this is right.” The statements Boulez made were kind of refreshingly categorical. Like the famous one from the ’50s: “If a composer has not experienced the necessity of dodecaphonic technique, he is useless.” That’s a good sentence because it tells you what is what. It takes the guessing out of the equation.

ESA-PEKKA SALONEN, conductor and composer: Young people are attracted to <hl> black-and-white statements <hl>. At least I was. And Boulez was like a black-and-white statement machine. He said, “This is wrong, and this is right.” The statements Boulez made were kind of refreshingly categorical. Like the famous one from the ’50s: “If a composer has not experienced the necessity of dodecaphonic technique, he is useless.” That’s a good sentence because it tells you what is what. It takes the guessing out of the equation.

Young people are attracted to <hl> black-and-white statements <hl> .


Question: A composer is useless of he has not experienced what technique?

Answer: dodecaphonic

ESA-PEKKA SALONEN, conductor and composer: Young people are attracted to black-and-white statements. At least I was. And Boulez was like a black-and-white statement machine. He said, “This is wrong, and this is right.” The statements Boulez made were kind of refreshingly categorical. <hl> Like the famous one from the ’50s: “If a composer has not experienced the necessity of dodecaphonic technique, he is useless.” <hl> That’s a good sentence because it tells you what is what. It takes the guessing out of the equation.

ESA-PEKKA SALONEN, conductor and composer: Young people are attracted to black-and-white statements. At least I was. And Boulez was like a black-and-white statement machine. He said, “This is wrong, and this is right.” The statements Boulez made were kind of refreshingly categorical. Like the famous one from the ’50s: “If a composer has not experienced the necessity of <hl> dodecaphonic <hl> technique, he is useless.” That’s a good sentence because it tells you what is what. It takes the guessing out of the equation.


Question: Essa-Pekka Salonen is what?

Answer: conductor and composer

<hl> ESA-PEKKA SALONEN, conductor and composer : Young people are attracted to black-and-white statements. <hl> At least I was. And Boulez was like a black-and-white statement machine. He said, “This is wrong, and this is right.” The statements Boulez made were kind of refreshingly categorical. Like the famous one from the ’50s: “If a composer has not experienced the necessity of dodecaphonic technique, he is useless.” That’s a good sentence because it tells you what is what. It takes the guessing out of the equation.

ESA-PEKKA SALONEN, <hl> conductor and composer <hl>: Young people are attracted to black-and-white statements. At least I was. And Boulez was like a black-and-white statement machine. He said, “This is wrong, and this is right.” The statements Boulez made were kind of refreshingly categorical. Like the famous one from the ’50s: “If a composer has not experienced the necessity of dodecaphonic technique, he is useless.” That’s a good sentence because it tells you what is what. It takes the guessing out of the equation.

ESA-PEKKA SALONEN, <hl> conductor and composer <hl> : Young people are attracted to black-and-white statements.


Question: When did Cheung get to know Salonen?

ANTHONY CHEUNG, composer and pianist: I don’t immediately prostrate myself at his altar. It’s an ambivalent relationship. But as far as respect for him as a musician and what he’s done, I have infinite respect. He’s an enormous influence on how recent composers have dealt with instrumental groups. SALONEN I got to know him in the early ’80s when I worked quite a bit at IRCAM [an avant-garde music institute founded by Mr. Boulez] and was conducting his Ensemble InterContemporain. And it was the closest to Louis XIV I ever saw in my life. It was impressive and scary for a young person, but mostly impressive. I still think, if someone had to have that kind of power, why not him? AS A PIANO MASTER PIERRE-LAURENT AIMARD, pianist: The piano was his instrument, so he could experiment directly on it. In the “Notations,” we see a young composer, still a student, who composed a set of miniatures. And in many of them, we recognize what will become landmark gestures of Boulez, the basis of his language: violent lightenings illuminating the whole space of the instrument, permanently varied arpeggi, short unexpected gestures going in any direction.

Answer: early ’80s

ANTHONY CHEUNG, composer and pianist: I don’t immediately prostrate myself at his altar. It’s an ambivalent relationship. But as far as respect for him as a musician and what he’s done, I have infinite respect. He’s an enormous influence on how recent composers have dealt with instrumental groups. <hl> SALONEN I got to know him in the early ’80s when I worked quite a bit at IRCAM [an avant-garde music institute founded by Mr. Boulez] and was conducting his Ensemble InterContemporain. <hl> And it was the closest to Louis XIV I ever saw in my life. It was impressive and scary for a young person, but mostly impressive. I still think, if someone had to have that kind of power, why not him? AS A PIANO MASTER PIERRE-LAURENT AIMARD, pianist: The piano was his instrument, so he could experiment directly on it. In the “Notations,” we see a young composer, still a student, who composed a set of miniatures. And in many of them, we recognize what will become landmark gestures of Boulez, the basis of his language: violent lightenings illuminating the whole space of the instrument, permanently varied arpeggi, short unexpected gestures going in any direction.

ANTHONY CHEUNG, composer and pianist: I don’t immediately prostrate myself at his altar. It’s an ambivalent relationship. But as far as respect for him as a musician and what he’s done, I have infinite respect. He’s an enormous influence on how recent composers have dealt with instrumental groups. SALONEN I got to know him in the <hl> early ’80s <hl> when I worked quite a bit at IRCAM [an avant-garde music institute founded by Mr. Boulez] and was conducting his Ensemble InterContemporain. And it was the closest to Louis XIV I ever saw in my life. It was impressive and scary for a young person, but mostly impressive. I still think, if someone had to have that kind of power, why not him? AS A PIANO MASTER PIERRE-LAURENT AIMARD, pianist: The piano was his instrument, so he could experiment directly on it. In the “Notations,” we see a young composer, still a student, who composed a set of miniatures. And in many of them, we recognize what will become landmark gestures of Boulez, the basis of his language: violent lightenings illuminating the whole space of the instrument, permanently varied arpeggi, short unexpected gestures going in any direction.


Question: Where did Cheung work in the 80's?

Answer: IRCAM

ANTHONY CHEUNG, composer and pianist: I don’t immediately prostrate myself at his altar. It’s an ambivalent relationship. But as far as respect for him as a musician and what he’s done, I have infinite respect. He’s an enormous influence on how recent composers have dealt with instrumental groups. <hl> SALONEN I got to know him in the early ’80s when I worked quite a bit at IRCAM [an avant-garde music institute founded by Mr. Boulez] and was conducting his Ensemble InterContemporain. <hl> And it was the closest to Louis XIV I ever saw in my life. It was impressive and scary for a young person, but mostly impressive. I still think, if someone had to have that kind of power, why not him? AS A PIANO MASTER PIERRE-LAURENT AIMARD, pianist: The piano was his instrument, so he could experiment directly on it. In the “Notations,” we see a young composer, still a student, who composed a set of miniatures. And in many of them, we recognize what will become landmark gestures of Boulez, the basis of his language: violent lightenings illuminating the whole space of the instrument, permanently varied arpeggi, short unexpected gestures going in any direction.

ANTHONY CHEUNG, composer and pianist: I don’t immediately prostrate myself at his altar. It’s an ambivalent relationship. But as far as respect for him as a musician and what he’s done, I have infinite respect. He’s an enormous influence on how recent composers have dealt with instrumental groups. SALONEN I got to know him in the early ’80s when I worked quite a bit at <hl> IRCAM <hl> [an avant-garde music institute founded by Mr. Boulez] and was conducting his Ensemble InterContemporain. And it was the closest to Louis XIV I ever saw in my life. It was impressive and scary for a young person, but mostly impressive. I still think, if someone had to have that kind of power, why not him? AS A PIANO MASTER PIERRE-LAURENT AIMARD, pianist: The piano was his instrument, so he could experiment directly on it. In the “Notations,” we see a young composer, still a student, who composed a set of miniatures. And in many of them, we recognize what will become landmark gestures of Boulez, the basis of his language: violent lightenings illuminating the whole space of the instrument, permanently varied arpeggi, short unexpected gestures going in any direction.


Question: Pierre Laurent Aimarf is a what?

Answer: pianist

<hl> ANTHONY CHEUNG, composer and pianist : I don’t immediately prostrate myself at his altar. <hl> It’s an ambivalent relationship. But as far as respect for him as a musician and what he’s done, I have infinite respect. He’s an enormous influence on how recent composers have dealt with instrumental groups. SALONEN I got to know him in the early ’80s when I worked quite a bit at IRCAM [an avant-garde music institute founded by Mr. Boulez] and was conducting his Ensemble InterContemporain. And it was the closest to Louis XIV I ever saw in my life. It was impressive and scary for a young person, but mostly impressive. I still think, if someone had to have that kind of power, why not him? AS A PIANO MASTER PIERRE-LAURENT AIMARD, pianist: The piano was his instrument, so he could experiment directly on it. In the “Notations,” we see a young composer, still a student, who composed a set of miniatures. And in many of them, we recognize what will become landmark gestures of Boulez, the basis of his language: violent lightenings illuminating the whole space of the instrument, permanently varied arpeggi, short unexpected gestures going in any direction.

ANTHONY CHEUNG, composer and <hl> pianist <hl>: I don’t immediately prostrate myself at his altar. It’s an ambivalent relationship. But as far as respect for him as a musician and what he’s done, I have infinite respect. He’s an enormous influence on how recent composers have dealt with instrumental groups. SALONEN I got to know him in the early ’80s when I worked quite a bit at IRCAM [an avant-garde music institute founded by Mr. Boulez] and was conducting his Ensemble InterContemporain. And it was the closest to Louis XIV I ever saw in my life. It was impressive and scary for a young person, but mostly impressive. I still think, if someone had to have that kind of power, why not him? AS A PIANO MASTER PIERRE-LAURENT AIMARD, pianist: The piano was his instrument, so he could experiment directly on it. In the “Notations,” we see a young composer, still a student, who composed a set of miniatures. And in many of them, we recognize what will become landmark gestures of Boulez, the basis of his language: violent lightenings illuminating the whole space of the instrument, permanently varied arpeggi, short unexpected gestures going in any direction.

ANTHONY CHEUNG, composer and <hl> pianist <hl> : I don’t immediately prostrate myself at his altar.


Question: What is the name of the piece Boulez was conducting?

Answer: Ensemble InterContemporain

ANTHONY CHEUNG, composer and pianist: I don’t immediately prostrate myself at his altar. It’s an ambivalent relationship. But as far as respect for him as a musician and what he’s done, I have infinite respect. He’s an enormous influence on how recent composers have dealt with instrumental groups. <hl> SALONEN I got to know him in the early ’80s when I worked quite a bit at IRCAM [an avant-garde music institute founded by Mr. Boulez] and was conducting his Ensemble InterContemporain . <hl> And it was the closest to Louis XIV I ever saw in my life. It was impressive and scary for a young person, but mostly impressive. I still think, if someone had to have that kind of power, why not him? AS A PIANO MASTER PIERRE-LAURENT AIMARD, pianist: The piano was his instrument, so he could experiment directly on it. In the “Notations,” we see a young composer, still a student, who composed a set of miniatures. And in many of them, we recognize what will become landmark gestures of Boulez, the basis of his language: violent lightenings illuminating the whole space of the instrument, permanently varied arpeggi, short unexpected gestures going in any direction.

ANTHONY CHEUNG, composer and pianist: I don’t immediately prostrate myself at his altar. It’s an ambivalent relationship. But as far as respect for him as a musician and what he’s done, I have infinite respect. He’s an enormous influence on how recent composers have dealt with instrumental groups. SALONEN I got to know him in the early ’80s when I worked quite a bit at IRCAM [an avant-garde music institute founded by Mr. Boulez] and was conducting his <hl> Ensemble InterContemporain <hl>. And it was the closest to Louis XIV I ever saw in my life. It was impressive and scary for a young person, but mostly impressive. I still think, if someone had to have that kind of power, why not him? AS A PIANO MASTER PIERRE-LAURENT AIMARD, pianist: The piano was his instrument, so he could experiment directly on it. In the “Notations,” we see a young composer, still a student, who composed a set of miniatures. And in many of them, we recognize what will become landmark gestures of Boulez, the basis of his language: violent lightenings illuminating the whole space of the instrument, permanently varied arpeggi, short unexpected gestures going in any direction.

SALONEN I got to know him in the early ’80s when I worked quite a bit at IRCAM [an avant-garde music institute founded by Mr. Boulez] and was conducting his <hl> Ensemble InterContemporain <hl> .


Question: In "Notations" he composed a set of what?

Answer: miniatures

ANTHONY CHEUNG, composer and pianist: I don’t immediately prostrate myself at his altar. It’s an ambivalent relationship. But as far as respect for him as a musician and what he’s done, I have infinite respect. He’s an enormous influence on how recent composers have dealt with instrumental groups. SALONEN I got to know him in the early ’80s when I worked quite a bit at IRCAM [an avant-garde music institute founded by Mr. Boulez] and was conducting his Ensemble InterContemporain. And it was the closest to Louis XIV I ever saw in my life. It was impressive and scary for a young person, but mostly impressive. I still think, if someone had to have that kind of power, why not him? AS A PIANO MASTER PIERRE-LAURENT AIMARD, pianist: The piano was his instrument, so he could experiment directly on it. <hl> In the “Notations,” we see a young composer, still a student, who composed a set of miniatures . <hl> And in many of them, we recognize what will become landmark gestures of Boulez, the basis of his language: violent lightenings illuminating the whole space of the instrument, permanently varied arpeggi, short unexpected gestures going in any direction.

ANTHONY CHEUNG, composer and pianist: I don’t immediately prostrate myself at his altar. It’s an ambivalent relationship. But as far as respect for him as a musician and what he’s done, I have infinite respect. He’s an enormous influence on how recent composers have dealt with instrumental groups. SALONEN I got to know him in the early ’80s when I worked quite a bit at IRCAM [an avant-garde music institute founded by Mr. Boulez] and was conducting his Ensemble InterContemporain. And it was the closest to Louis XIV I ever saw in my life. It was impressive and scary for a young person, but mostly impressive. I still think, if someone had to have that kind of power, why not him? AS A PIANO MASTER PIERRE-LAURENT AIMARD, pianist: The piano was his instrument, so he could experiment directly on it. In the “Notations,” we see a young composer, still a student, who composed a set of <hl> miniatures <hl>. And in many of them, we recognize what will become landmark gestures of Boulez, the basis of his language: violent lightenings illuminating the whole space of the instrument, permanently varied arpeggi, short unexpected gestures going in any direction.

In the “Notations,” we see a young composer, still a student, who composed a set of <hl> miniatures <hl> .


Question: Franz Welser-Most is the director of what?

FRANZ WELSER-MÖST, music director of the Cleveland Orchestra, which Boulez first conducted in 1965: He has this unbelievable gift to convey something without showing it in his expression. The image of a conductor today is so much molded on Leonard Bernstein. Pierre is the total opposite, but nevertheless he gets these results that are not detached. They’re just very clean, very to the core of the music. Conducting is partly show business, but he never looked at it that way.

Answer: Cleveland Orchestra

<hl> FRANZ WELSER-MÖST, music director of the Cleveland Orchestra , which Boulez first conducted in 1965: <hl> He has this unbelievable gift to convey something without showing it in his expression. The image of a conductor today is so much molded on Leonard Bernstein. Pierre is the total opposite, but nevertheless he gets these results that are not detached. They’re just very clean, very to the core of the music. Conducting is partly show business, but he never looked at it that way.

FRANZ WELSER-MÖST, music director of the <hl> Cleveland Orchestra <hl>, which Boulez first conducted in 1965: He has this unbelievable gift to convey something without showing it in his expression. The image of a conductor today is so much molded on Leonard Bernstein. Pierre is the total opposite, but nevertheless he gets these results that are not detached. They’re just very clean, very to the core of the music. Conducting is partly show business, but he never looked at it that way.

FRANZ WELSER-MÖST, music director of the <hl> Cleveland Orchestra <hl> , which Boulez first conducted in 1965:


Question: What year did he first conduct the Orchestra?

Answer: 1965

<hl> FRANZ WELSER-MÖST, music director of the Cleveland Orchestra, which Boulez first conducted in 1965 : He has this unbelievable gift to convey something without showing it in his expression. <hl> The image of a conductor today is so much molded on Leonard Bernstein. Pierre is the total opposite, but nevertheless he gets these results that are not detached. They’re just very clean, very to the core of the music. Conducting is partly show business, but he never looked at it that way.

FRANZ WELSER-MÖST, music director of the Cleveland Orchestra, which Boulez first conducted in <hl> 1965 <hl>: He has this unbelievable gift to convey something without showing it in his expression. The image of a conductor today is so much molded on Leonard Bernstein. Pierre is the total opposite, but nevertheless he gets these results that are not detached. They’re just very clean, very to the core of the music. Conducting is partly show business, but he never looked at it that way.

FRANZ WELSER-MÖST, music director of the Cleveland Orchestra, which Boulez first conducted in <hl> 1965 <hl> : He has this unbelievable gift to convey something without showing it in his expression.


Question: The image of a conductor is molded on who?

Answer: Leonard Bernstein

FRANZ WELSER-MÖST, music director of the Cleveland Orchestra, which Boulez first conducted in 1965: He has this unbelievable gift to convey something without showing it in his expression. <hl> The image of a conductor today is so much molded on Leonard Bernstein . <hl> Pierre is the total opposite, but nevertheless he gets these results that are not detached. They’re just very clean, very to the core of the music. Conducting is partly show business, but he never looked at it that way.

FRANZ WELSER-MÖST, music director of the Cleveland Orchestra, which Boulez first conducted in 1965: He has this unbelievable gift to convey something without showing it in his expression. The image of a conductor today is so much molded on <hl> Leonard Bernstein <hl>. Pierre is the total opposite, but nevertheless he gets these results that are not detached. They’re just very clean, very to the core of the music. Conducting is partly show business, but he never looked at it that way.

The image of a conductor today is so much molded on <hl> Leonard Bernstein <hl> .


Question: Conducting is partly what?

Answer: show business

FRANZ WELSER-MÖST, music director of the Cleveland Orchestra, which Boulez first conducted in 1965: He has this unbelievable gift to convey something without showing it in his expression. The image of a conductor today is so much molded on Leonard Bernstein. Pierre is the total opposite, but nevertheless he gets these results that are not detached. They’re just very clean, very to the core of the music. <hl> Conducting is partly show business , but he never looked at it that way. <hl>

FRANZ WELSER-MÖST, music director of the Cleveland Orchestra, which Boulez first conducted in 1965: He has this unbelievable gift to convey something without showing it in his expression. The image of a conductor today is so much molded on Leonard Bernstein. Pierre is the total opposite, but nevertheless he gets these results that are not detached. They’re just very clean, very to the core of the music. Conducting is partly <hl> show business <hl>, but he never looked at it that way.

Conducting is partly <hl> show business <hl> , but he never looked at it that way.


Question: Pierre's results get to the very what?

Answer: core of the music

FRANZ WELSER-MÖST, music director of the Cleveland Orchestra, which Boulez first conducted in 1965: He has this unbelievable gift to convey something without showing it in his expression. The image of a conductor today is so much molded on Leonard Bernstein. Pierre is the total opposite, but nevertheless he gets these results that are not detached. <hl> They’re just very clean, very to the core of the music . <hl> Conducting is partly show business, but he never looked at it that way.

FRANZ WELSER-MÖST, music director of the Cleveland Orchestra, which Boulez first conducted in 1965: He has this unbelievable gift to convey something without showing it in his expression. The image of a conductor today is so much molded on Leonard Bernstein. Pierre is the total opposite, but nevertheless he gets these results that are not detached. They’re just very clean, very to the <hl> core of the music <hl>. Conducting is partly show business, but he never looked at it that way.

They’re just very clean, very to the <hl> core of the music <hl> .


Question: The expression of Western art music comes from what?

SALONEN He always said that the form and the expression of most Western art music come from the harmony. If you don’t know the harmony well, you cannot understand, let alone convey, the sense of the form to anybody. On a practical level it means you have to go through every chord when you go through a score. It sounds obvious and trivial, but if you study, say, “Götterdämmerung” or “Elektra,” to get a clear idea of the harmonic structure takes a lot of time. There are no shortcuts. You have to learn what the principles of the harmony are, and then you can plan your so-called interpretation.

Answer: the harmony

<hl> SALONEN He always said that the form and the expression of most Western art music come from the harmony . <hl> If you don’t know the harmony well, you cannot understand, let alone convey, the sense of the form to anybody. On a practical level it means you have to go through every chord when you go through a score. It sounds obvious and trivial, but if you study, say, “Götterdämmerung” or “Elektra,” to get a clear idea of the harmonic structure takes a lot of time. There are no shortcuts. You have to learn what the principles of the harmony are, and then you can plan your so-called interpretation.

SALONEN He always said that the form and the expression of most Western art music come from <hl> the harmony <hl>. If you don’t know the harmony well, you cannot understand, let alone convey, the sense of the form to anybody. On a practical level it means you have to go through every chord when you go through a score. It sounds obvious and trivial, but if you study, say, “Götterdämmerung” or “Elektra,” to get a clear idea of the harmonic structure takes a lot of time. There are no shortcuts. You have to learn what the principles of the harmony are, and then you can plan your so-called interpretation.

SALONEN He always said that the form and the expression of most Western art music come from <hl> the harmony <hl> .


Question: If you don't know the harmony, you cannot what?

Answer: understand

SALONEN He always said that the form and the expression of most Western art music come from the harmony. <hl> If you don’t know the harmony well, you cannot understand , let alone convey, the sense of the form to anybody. <hl> On a practical level it means you have to go through every chord when you go through a score. It sounds obvious and trivial, but if you study, say, “Götterdämmerung” or “Elektra,” to get a clear idea of the harmonic structure takes a lot of time. There are no shortcuts. You have to learn what the principles of the harmony are, and then you can plan your so-called interpretation.

SALONEN He always said that the form and the expression of most Western art music come from the harmony. If you don’t know the harmony well, you cannot <hl> understand <hl>, let alone convey, the sense of the form to anybody. On a practical level it means you have to go through every chord when you go through a score. It sounds obvious and trivial, but if you study, say, “Götterdämmerung” or “Elektra,” to get a clear idea of the harmonic structure takes a lot of time. There are no shortcuts. You have to learn what the principles of the harmony are, and then you can plan your so-called interpretation.

If you don’t know the harmony well, you cannot <hl> understand <hl> , let alone convey, the sense of the form to anybody.


Question: What two pieces should you study to get a clear idea of harmonic structure?

Answer: “Götterdämmerung” or “Elektra,”

SALONEN He always said that the form and the expression of most Western art music come from the harmony. If you don’t know the harmony well, you cannot understand, let alone convey, the sense of the form to anybody. On a practical level it means you have to go through every chord when you go through a score. <hl> It sounds obvious and trivial, but if you study, say, “Götterdämmerung” or “Elektra,” to get a clear idea of the harmonic structure takes a lot of time. <hl> There are no shortcuts. You have to learn what the principles of the harmony are, and then you can plan your so-called interpretation.

SALONEN He always said that the form and the expression of most Western art music come from the harmony. If you don’t know the harmony well, you cannot understand, let alone convey, the sense of the form to anybody. On a practical level it means you have to go through every chord when you go through a score. It sounds obvious and trivial, but if you study, say, <hl> “Götterdämmerung” or “Elektra,” <hl> to get a clear idea of the harmonic structure takes a lot of time. There are no shortcuts. You have to learn what the principles of the harmony are, and then you can plan your so-called interpretation.


Question: You must learn the principles of harmony before you can what?

Answer: plan your so-called interpretation

SALONEN He always said that the form and the expression of most Western art music come from the harmony. If you don’t know the harmony well, you cannot understand, let alone convey, the sense of the form to anybody. On a practical level it means you have to go through every chord when you go through a score. It sounds obvious and trivial, but if you study, say, “Götterdämmerung” or “Elektra,” to get a clear idea of the harmonic structure takes a lot of time. There are no shortcuts. You have to learn what the principles of the harmony are, and <hl> then you can plan your so-called interpretation . <hl>

SALONEN He always said that the form and the expression of most Western art music come from the harmony. If you don’t know the harmony well, you cannot understand, let alone convey, the sense of the form to anybody. On a practical level it means you have to go through every chord when you go through a score. It sounds obvious and trivial, but if you study, say, “Götterdämmerung” or “Elektra,” to get a clear idea of the harmonic structure takes a lot of time. There are no shortcuts. You have to learn what the principles of the harmony are, and then you can <hl> plan your so-called interpretation <hl>.

then you can <hl> plan your so-called interpretation <hl> .


Question: What is the name of what you should go through every chord of?

Answer: score

SALONEN He always said that the form and the expression of most Western art music come from the harmony. If you don’t know the harmony well, you cannot understand, let alone convey, the sense of the form to anybody. <hl> On a practical level it means you have to go through every chord when you go through a score . <hl> It sounds obvious and trivial, but if you study, say, “Götterdämmerung” or “Elektra,” to get a clear idea of the harmonic structure takes a lot of time. There are no shortcuts. You have to learn what the principles of the harmony are, and then you can plan your so-called interpretation.

SALONEN He always said that the form and the expression of most Western art music come from the harmony. If you don’t know the harmony well, you cannot understand, let alone convey, the sense of the form to anybody. On a practical level it means you have to go through every chord when you go through a <hl> score <hl>. It sounds obvious and trivial, but if you study, say, “Götterdämmerung” or “Elektra,” to get a clear idea of the harmonic structure takes a lot of time. There are no shortcuts. You have to learn what the principles of the harmony are, and then you can plan your so-called interpretation.

On a practical level it means you have to go through every chord when you go through a <hl> score <hl> .


Question: What was the name of Boulez's performance?

WELSER-MÖST, on a memorable Boulez performance of Mahler’s Third Symphony: Some people give everything away in the first movement, and then you have to sit there for another hour. He didn’t. It was almost irritating at first. But later on, you understood why he was doing what he did, and in the end it was so much more moving. He made Mahler’s music sound pure.

Answer: Mahler’s Third Symphony

<hl> WELSER-MÖST, on a memorable Boulez performance of Mahler’s Third Symphony : Some people give everything away in the first movement, and then you have to sit there for another hour. <hl> He didn’t. It was almost irritating at first. But later on, you understood why he was doing what he did, and in the end it was so much more moving. He made Mahler’s music sound pure.

WELSER-MÖST, on a memorable Boulez performance of <hl> Mahler’s Third Symphony <hl>: Some people give everything away in the first movement, and then you have to sit there for another hour. He didn’t. It was almost irritating at first. But later on, you understood why he was doing what he did, and in the end it was so much more moving. He made Mahler’s music sound pure.

WELSER-MÖST, on a memorable Boulez performance of <hl> Mahler’s Third Symphony <hl> : Some people give everything away in the first movement, and then you have to sit there for another hour.


Question: In the end his piece was so much more what?

Answer: moving

WELSER-MÖST, on a memorable Boulez performance of Mahler’s Third Symphony: Some people give everything away in the first movement, and then you have to sit there for another hour. He didn’t. It was almost irritating at first. <hl> But later on, you understood why he was doing what he did, and in the end it was so much more moving . <hl> He made Mahler’s music sound pure.

WELSER-MÖST, on a memorable Boulez performance of Mahler’s Third Symphony: Some people give everything away in the first movement, and then you have to sit there for another hour. He didn’t. It was almost irritating at first. But later on, you understood why he was doing what he did, and in the end it was so much more <hl> moving <hl>. He made Mahler’s music sound pure.

But later on, you understood why he was doing what he did, and in the end it was so much more <hl> moving <hl> .


Question: He was able to make Mahler's music sound what?

Answer: pure

He made Mahler’s music sound pure .

WELSER-MÖST, on a memorable Boulez performance of Mahler’s Third Symphony: Some people give everything away in the first movement, and then you have to sit there for another hour. He didn’t. It was almost irritating at first. But later on, you understood why he was doing what he did, and in the end it was so much more moving. <hl> He made Mahler’s music sound pure . <hl>

WELSER-MÖST, on a memorable Boulez performance of Mahler’s Third Symphony: Some people give everything away in the first movement, and then you have to sit there for another hour. He didn’t. It was almost irritating at first. But later on, you understood why he was doing what he did, and in the end it was so much more moving. He made Mahler’s music sound <hl> pure <hl>.

He made Mahler’s music sound <hl> pure <hl> .


Question: When do most people give everything away?

Answer: first movement

<hl> WELSER-MÖST, on a memorable Boulez performance of Mahler’s Third Symphony: Some people give everything away in the first movement , and then you have to sit there for another hour. <hl> He didn’t. It was almost irritating at first. But later on, you understood why he was doing what he did, and in the end it was so much more moving. He made Mahler’s music sound pure.

WELSER-MÖST, on a memorable Boulez performance of Mahler’s Third Symphony: Some people give everything away in the <hl> first movement <hl>, and then you have to sit there for another hour. He didn’t. It was almost irritating at first. But later on, you understood why he was doing what he did, and in the end it was so much more moving. He made Mahler’s music sound pure.

WELSER-MÖST, on a memorable Boulez performance of Mahler’s Third Symphony: Some people give everything away in the <hl> first movement <hl> , and then you have to sit there for another hour.


Question: What is the name of the person talking about Boulez's performance?

Answer: WELSER-MÖST

<hl> WELSER-MÖST , on a memorable Boulez performance of Mahler’s Third Symphony: Some people give everything away in the first movement, and then you have to sit there for another hour. <hl> He didn’t. It was almost irritating at first. But later on, you understood why he was doing what he did, and in the end it was so much more moving. He made Mahler’s music sound pure.

<hl> WELSER-MÖST <hl>, on a memorable Boulez performance of Mahler’s Third Symphony: Some people give everything away in the first movement, and then you have to sit there for another hour. He didn’t. It was almost irritating at first. But later on, you understood why he was doing what he did, and in the end it was so much more moving. He made Mahler’s music sound pure.

<hl> WELSER-MÖST <hl> , on a memorable Boulez performance of Mahler’s Third Symphony: Some people give everything away in the first movement, and then you have to sit there for another hour.


Question: What did Marc-Andre Dalbavie study with Boulez?

MARC-ANDRÉ DALBAVIE, composer: I just studied conducting with Boulez, but it had an enormous influence on my writing. In the beginning it wasn’t clear, but progressively in the 1990s, I started to understand what he was teaching me. Around ’95 and ’96, I was writing my concerto for violin and I was living in Rome, so I had less contact with Pierre. The less contact I had, the more I realized his influence. If you know his piece “Mémoriale,” it revolves around this E-flat and you don’t know if it’s a tonality or a gravity center. This idea also became for me very strong. It was a sort of post-atonal moment.

Answer: conducting

MARC-ANDRÉ DALBAVIE, composer: <hl> I just studied conducting with Boulez, but it had an enormous influence on my writing. <hl> In the beginning it wasn’t clear, but progressively in the 1990s, I started to understand what he was teaching me. Around ’95 and ’96, I was writing my concerto for violin and I was living in Rome, so I had less contact with Pierre. The less contact I had, the more I realized his influence. If you know his piece “Mémoriale,” it revolves around this E-flat and you don’t know if it’s a tonality or a gravity center. This idea also became for me very strong. It was a sort of post-atonal moment.

MARC-ANDRÉ DALBAVIE, composer: I just studied <hl> conducting <hl> with Boulez, but it had an enormous influence on my writing. In the beginning it wasn’t clear, but progressively in the 1990s, I started to understand what he was teaching me. Around ’95 and ’96, I was writing my concerto for violin and I was living in Rome, so I had less contact with Pierre. The less contact I had, the more I realized his influence. If you know his piece “Mémoriale,” it revolves around this E-flat and you don’t know if it’s a tonality or a gravity center. This idea also became for me very strong. It was a sort of post-atonal moment.


Question: His study with Boulez had an influence on what?

Answer: writing

MARC-ANDRÉ DALBAVIE, composer: <hl> I just studied conducting with Boulez, but it had an enormous influence on my writing . <hl> In the beginning it wasn’t clear, but progressively in the 1990s, I started to understand what he was teaching me. Around ’95 and ’96, I was writing my concerto for violin and I was living in Rome, so I had less contact with Pierre. The less contact I had, the more I realized his influence. If you know his piece “Mémoriale,” it revolves around this E-flat and you don’t know if it’s a tonality or a gravity center. This idea also became for me very strong. It was a sort of post-atonal moment.

MARC-ANDRÉ DALBAVIE, composer: I just studied conducting with Boulez, but it had an enormous influence on my <hl> writing <hl>. In the beginning it wasn’t clear, but progressively in the 1990s, I started to understand what he was teaching me. Around ’95 and ’96, I was writing my concerto for violin and I was living in Rome, so I had less contact with Pierre. The less contact I had, the more I realized his influence. If you know his piece “Mémoriale,” it revolves around this E-flat and you don’t know if it’s a tonality or a gravity center. This idea also became for me very strong. It was a sort of post-atonal moment.

I just studied conducting with Boulez, but it had an enormous influence on my <hl> writing <hl> .


Question: What year was he writing his concerto?

Answer: Around ’95 and ’96

MARC-ANDRÉ DALBAVIE, composer: I just studied conducting with Boulez, but it had an enormous influence on my writing. In the beginning it wasn’t clear, but progressively in the 1990s, I started to understand what he was teaching me. <hl> Around ’95 and ’96 , I was writing my concerto for violin and I was living in Rome, so I had less contact with Pierre. <hl> The less contact I had, the more I realized his influence. If you know his piece “Mémoriale,” it revolves around this E-flat and you don’t know if it’s a tonality or a gravity center. This idea also became for me very strong. It was a sort of post-atonal moment.

MARC-ANDRÉ DALBAVIE, composer: I just studied conducting with Boulez, but it had an enormous influence on my writing. In the beginning it wasn’t clear, but progressively in the 1990s, I started to understand what he was teaching me. <hl> Around ’95 and ’96 <hl>, I was writing my concerto for violin and I was living in Rome, so I had less contact with Pierre. The less contact I had, the more I realized his influence. If you know his piece “Mémoriale,” it revolves around this E-flat and you don’t know if it’s a tonality or a gravity center. This idea also became for me very strong. It was a sort of post-atonal moment.

<hl> Around ’95 and ’96 <hl> , I was writing my concerto for violin and I was living in Rome, so I had less contact with Pierre.


Question: What instrument was he writing his concerto for?

Answer: violin

MARC-ANDRÉ DALBAVIE, composer: I just studied conducting with Boulez, but it had an enormous influence on my writing. In the beginning it wasn’t clear, but progressively in the 1990s, I started to understand what he was teaching me. <hl> Around ’95 and ’96, I was writing my concerto for violin and I was living in Rome, so I had less contact with Pierre. <hl> The less contact I had, the more I realized his influence. If you know his piece “Mémoriale,” it revolves around this E-flat and you don’t know if it’s a tonality or a gravity center. This idea also became for me very strong. It was a sort of post-atonal moment.

MARC-ANDRÉ DALBAVIE, composer: I just studied conducting with Boulez, but it had an enormous influence on my writing. In the beginning it wasn’t clear, but progressively in the 1990s, I started to understand what he was teaching me. Around ’95 and ’96, I was writing my concerto for <hl> violin <hl> and I was living in Rome, so I had less contact with Pierre. The less contact I had, the more I realized his influence. If you know his piece “Mémoriale,” it revolves around this E-flat and you don’t know if it’s a tonality or a gravity center. This idea also became for me very strong. It was a sort of post-atonal moment.


Question: Where was he living in the 1990's?

Answer: Rome

MARC-ANDRÉ DALBAVIE, composer: I just studied conducting with Boulez, but it had an enormous influence on my writing. In the beginning it wasn’t clear, but progressively in the 1990s, I started to understand what he was teaching me. <hl> Around ’95 and ’96, I was writing my concerto for violin and I was living in Rome , so I had less contact with Pierre. <hl> The less contact I had, the more I realized his influence. If you know his piece “Mémoriale,” it revolves around this E-flat and you don’t know if it’s a tonality or a gravity center. This idea also became for me very strong. It was a sort of post-atonal moment.

MARC-ANDRÉ DALBAVIE, composer: I just studied conducting with Boulez, but it had an enormous influence on my writing. In the beginning it wasn’t clear, but progressively in the 1990s, I started to understand what he was teaching me. Around ’95 and ’96, I was writing my concerto for violin and I was living in <hl> Rome <hl>, so I had less contact with Pierre. The less contact I had, the more I realized his influence. If you know his piece “Mémoriale,” it revolves around this E-flat and you don’t know if it’s a tonality or a gravity center. This idea also became for me very strong. It was a sort of post-atonal moment.

Around ’95 and ’96, I was writing my concerto for violin and I was living in <hl> Rome <hl> , so I had less contact with Pierre.