diff --git "a/reference_files/sentence-validation.new_wiki.txt" "b/reference_files/sentence-validation.new_wiki.txt" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/reference_files/sentence-validation.new_wiki.txt" @@ -0,0 +1,2646 @@ +Its only direct connection with the fifth New York City borough, Staten Island, is the Staten Island Ferry across New York Harbor, which is free of charge. +If the Senate twice in a three-month period refuses to pass the same piece of legislation that was initiated in the lower house, the government may either abandon the bill or continue to revise it , or, in certain circumstances outlined in section 57 of the Constitution, the Prime Minister can advise the Governor-General to dissolve the entire parliament in a double dissolution. +In 2005, a Russian group of scientists found over five thousand airplane wrecks, sunken warships, and other material , mainly from World War II, on the bottom of the sea. +For example, there is no absolute prohibition on killing in Hinduism, which recognizes that it "may be inevitable and indeed necessary" in certain circumstances . +In the spring of 1944, the British military mission in Slovenia reported that there was a "steady, slow trickle" of escapes from these camps. +Maize was also an important crop for these people, and was used for the production of chicha , important to Andean native people. +Annual traditional events include "Fall Fest", and in the spring, " Bigelow Bash ". +Indeed, nearly a century passed before Ross' grandson, William Canby, first publicly suggested the story in 1870 . +"Centralization" entered written English in the first third of the 1800s ;.mentions of decentralization also first appear during those years. +Fiscal decentralization means decentralizing revenue raising and/or expenditure of moneys to a lower level of government while maintaining financial responsibility . +HPRP grant monies were distributed to localities in the same formula used for Emergency Shelter Grants (ESG) in amounts not to exceed $500,000 and must be used within three years . +The goal posts were 8 feet ( 2.4 m ) apart (today's goals are six feet wide). +The Partisans also assisted hundreds of Allied soldiers who succeeded in escaping from German POW camps (mostly in southern Austria) throughout the war, but especially from 1943–45. +Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985, as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs). +According to one definition: "Decentralization, or decentralizing governance, refers to the restructuring or reorganization of authority so that there is a system of co-responsibility between institutions of governance at the central, regional and local levels according to the principle of subsidiarity, thus increasing the overall quality and effectiveness of the system of governance, while increasing the authority and capacities of sub-national levels." +This was followed by the October Revolution by the Bolsheviks, who seized control in a quick coup d'état against the Provisional Government, resulting in the formation of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) , the first country in history committed to the establishment of communism. +The compression part must be designed to resist buckling and crushing, while the tension part must be able to adequately resist the tension. +The eye of the "Long Island Express" passed just west of New Haven and devastated the Connecticut shoreline between Old Saybrook and Stonington, which lacked the partial protection provided by Long Island, N.Y. to points west from the full force of wind and waves. +When a player purposely directs the puck towards the opponent's goal, he or she is said to " shoot " the puck. +In the latter, an object at the focal length distance from the lens is imaged at infinity . +The Andes range is about 200 km (124 mi) wide throughout its length, except in the Bolivian flexure where it is about 640 kilometres (398 mi) wide. +As a lighter and often jazz-influenced style of drum and bass gained mainstream appeal, additional subgenres emerged including techstep (circa 1996–1997) which drew greater influence from techno music and the soundscapes of science fiction and anime films. +The requisitioning of grain away from the peasantry to workers resulted in peasants losing incentive to labour, resulting in a drop in production , producing a food shortage crisis in the cities that provoked strikes and riots that seriously challenged the Bolshevik regime, with the most serious being the Kronstadt Revolt of 1921. +Mainstream support for Windows XP ended on April 14, 2009 . +Stratiform or dynamic precipitation occurs as a consequence of slow ascent of air in synoptic systems (on the order of cm/s), such as over surface cold fronts, and over and ahead of warm fronts. +John Witherow , who became editor at the end of 1994 (after several months as acting editor), continued the newspaper's expansion. +An emphasis on the defence of ethnic identity was shown by naming the troops after important Slovene poets and writers, following the example of the Ivan Cankar battalion . +A proposed commuter rail service, the Central Corridor Rail Line , will connect New London with Norwich, Willimantic, Storrs, and Stafford Springs, with service continuing into Massachusetts and Brattleboro. +At the end of the War for Independence in 1783 , the region south of the Great Lakes formally became part of the United States. +The emergence of powerful new measurement techniques such as neuroimaging (e.g., fMRI, PET, SPECT), electrophysiology, and human genetic analysis combined with sophisticated experimental techniques from cognitive psychology allows neuroscientists and psychologists to address abstract questions such as how human cognition and emotion are mapped to specific neural substrates . +On 1 November of every year the state declared holiday for Kut celebration. +Winters are generally cool to cold from south to north in Connecticut, with average January temperatures ranging from 38 °F (3 °C) in the coastal lowlands to 29 °F (−2 °C) in the inland and northern portions on the state. +Some other neighborhoods around İstiklal Avenue have recently been revamped to cater to Beyoğlu's nightlife, with formerly commercial streets now lined with pubs, cafes, and restaurants playing live music . +When Lenin died in January 1924 , the testament was read out to a meeting of the party's Central Committee. +Manhattan is one of the highest-income places in the United States with a population greater than one million. +Its first known mention is from the 1773 book Juvenile Sports and Pastimes , to Which Are Prefixed, Memoirs of the Author: Including a New Mode of Infant Education, by Richard Johnson (Pseud. +From its roots in the UK , the style has established itself around the world. +It is headed by a Catholicos (the plural is Catholicoi ). +Tenements were usually five-stories high, constructed on the then-typical 25x100 lots, with "cockroach landlords" exploiting the new immigrants. +A one-timer is a shot struck directly off a pass, without receiving the pass and shooting in two separate actions. +The prisoners and captives who were sold were usually from neighbouring or enemy ethnic groups .[citation needed] These captive slaves were considered "other", not part of the people of the ethnic group or "tribe" ; +Through this series of agreements, the International Tin Council (ITC) had a considerable effect on tin prices. +The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act (Imp.) of 1900 established the Senate as part of the new system of dominion government in newly federated Australia. +Total fat intake does not appear to be an important risk factor . +Colonists there declared war on the Pequots, organized a band of militia and Native Americans, and attacked a Pequot village on the Mystic River, with death toll estimates ranging between 300 and 700 Pequots . +Both cultural and educational policy in Marxist–Leninist states have emphasised the development of a "New Man" —a class conscious, knowledgeable, heroic proletarian person devoted to work and social cohesion as opposed to the antithetic "bourgeois individualist" associated with cultural backwardness and social atomisation. +These entities form the domain of discourse or universe , which is usually required to be a nonempty set. +If the Senate twice in a three-month period refuses to pass the same piece of legislation that was initiated in the lower house, the government may either abandon the bill or continue to revise it, or, in certain circumstances outlined in section 57 of the Constitution, the Prime Minister can advise the Governor-General to dissolve the entire parliament in a double dissolution. +The First Atlantic system was the trade of enslaved Africans to, primarily, South American colonies of the Portuguese and Spanish empires; it accounted for slightly more than 3% of all Atlantic slave trade. +Raymond L. Cohn, an economics professor whose research has focused on economic history and international migration, has researched the mortality rates among Africans during the voyages of the Atlantic slave trade . +On 6 April 1941 , the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was invaded from all sides by the Axis powers, primarily by German forces, but also including Italian, Hungarian and Bulgarian formations. +During January 2013 , Martin Ivens became acting editor of The Sunday Times in succession to John Witherow, who became the 'acting' editor of The Times at the same time. +From the 16th to the 18th centuries, English writers cobbled together huge numbers of new words from Latin and Greek words. +Pera (from the Greek word for "across") was used to describe the area between the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus, but Turks also used the name Beyoğlu (today the official name for one of the city's constituent districts). +While spatial apps employ identical units along all axes, in business and scientific apps, each axis may have different units of measurement associated with it (such as kilograms, seconds, pounds, etc.). +While the game's origins lie elsewhere, Montreal is at the center of the development of the sport of contemporary ice hockey. + This process is known as the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process . +It remains the official ideology of the ruling parties of China, Cuba, Laos, and Vietnam, and was the official ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and the other ruling parties making up the Eastern Bloc. + As in the two-dimensional case, each axis becomes a number line . +The forces which parts of a machine are subjected to can vary significantly, and can do so at a great rate. +The glycerophospholipids are the main structural component of biological membranes, such as the cellular plasma membrane and the intracellular membranes of organelles; in animal cells the plasma membrane physically separates the intracellular components from the extracellular environment.[citation needed] +Trotskyists claim that Marxism–Leninism led to the establishment of state capitalism. +These rivers are corrosive and assume turbulent form in the rainy season . +Niacin, a type of vitamin B3 , may be an exception with a modest decrease in the risk of cardiovascular events in those at high risk. +Such punctuation is diminishing with the belief that the presence of all-capital letters is sufficient to indicate that the word is an abbreviation. +Cable service is provided by Time Warner Cable and telephone service is provided by Verizon Communications, although AT&T is available as well. +By 1853 , most of the easily accessible gold had been collected, and attention turned to extracting gold from more difficult locations. + Stratus is a stable cloud deck which tends to form when a cool, stable air mass is trapped underneath a warm air mass. +It publishes The Sunday Times Bestseller List of best-selling books in Britain, and a list of the "100 Best Companies to Work For", focusing on UK companies. +The lands on the Baltic's eastern shore were among the last in Europe to be converted to Christianity. +An example is a random number function , available in many languages, that returns a different pseudo-random number each time it is called. +Angola, Benin, the Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Somalia and Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia) all became Marxist–Leninist states between 1969 and 1980 . +Additionally, Partisan workshops created their own weapons modelled on factory-made weapons already in use, including the so-called "Partisan rifle" and the anti-tank "Partisan mortar" . +The United States Supreme Court found in the 1944 case of United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Association that the business of insurance was subject to federal regulation under the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution. +In 1974, Ella Grasso was elected as the governor of Connecticut. +The lines are commonly referred to as the x- and y-axes where the x-axis is taken to be horizontal and the y-axis is taken to be vertical. The point where the axes meet is taken as the origin for both, thus turning each axis into a number line. +A beam may be defined as an element in which one dimension is much greater than the other two and the applied loads are usually normal to the main axis of the element. +There are several executive departments: Administrative Services, Agriculture, Banking, Children and Families, Consumer Protection, Correction, Economic and Community Development, Developmental Services, Construction Services, Education, Emergency Management and Public Protection, Energy & Environmental Protection, Higher Education, Insurance, Labor, Mental Health and Addiction Services, Military, Motor Vehicles, Public Health, Public Utility Regulatory Authority , Public Works, Revenue Services, Social Services, Transportation, and Veterans Affairs. +The minimal lipopolysaccharide required for growth in E. coli is Kdo2-Lipid A , a hexa-acylated disaccharide of glucosamine that is glycosylated with two 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) residues. +The computer that was running Windows XP Service Pack 2 was not compromised. +Choosing a Cartesian coordinate system for a one-dimensional space—that is, for a straight line—involves choosing a point O of the line (the origin), a unit of length , and an orientation for the line. +George W. Bush , then U.S. President, opposed mandatory caps at a national level. +The grammatical function can be changed by changing the markers : the word is "inflected" to express different grammatical functions. +Many of the most common polysyllabic English words are of Latin origin through the medium of Old French . +Since around 1996, drum and bass tempos have predominantly stayed in the 170–180 range . +A biological membrane is a form of lamellar phase lipid bilayer . +The civilian population increased by roughly 10 million during that time, with the labor force increasing by about 2 million and those not in the labor force increasing by about 8 million . +The earliest rocks in the Sierra Nevada are metamorphic roof pendants of Paleozoic age , the oldest rocks being metasedimentary rocks from the Cambrian in the Mount Morrison region. +The area was so notorious that it even caught the attention of Abraham Lincoln, who visited the area before his Cooper Union speech in 1860 . +In 2007, there were about 4,350 schools, about half of which were primary schools; on average, each school had 688 students. +People began to study the Bible at home , which effectively decentralized the means of informing the public on religious manners and was akin to the individualistic trends present in Europe during the Protestant Reformation. +To apply the knowledge successfully a structural engineer generally requires detailed knowledge of relevant empirical and theoretical design codes, the techniques of structural analysis, as well as some knowledge of the corrosion resistance of the materials and structures, especially when those structures are exposed to the external environment. +There are also bus services to the John Radcliffe Hospital ( from Thornhill and Water Eaton ) and to the Churchill and Nuffield Hospitals (from Thornhill). +In more traditional terminology, it is an inflected language , although the typologists are apt to say "inflecting". +Structural building engineering is primarily driven by the creative manipulation of materials and forms and the underlying mathematical and scientific ideas to achieve an end which fulfills its functional requirements and is structurally safe when subjected to all the loads it could reasonably be expected to experience. +To gather intelligence, agents of the western Allies were infiltrated into both the Partisans and the Chetniks. +The match was won by the Oxford Dark Blues, 6–0; the first photographs and team lists date from 1895 . +Held after the Harvest festival in November, this festival predominantly celebrated by Kuki-Chin-Zomi tribes in Manipur has become one of the leading festivals of the state. +A regular Latin noun belongs to one of five main declensions, a group of nouns with similar inflected forms. +The AFŽ managed schools, hospitals and even local governments . +Additional resources include phrasebooks and resources for rendering everyday phrases and concepts into Latin, such as Meissner's Latin Phrasebook. +Neolithic artifacts, uncovered by archeologists at the beginning of the 21st century, indicate that Istanbul's historic peninsula was settled as far back as the 7th millennium BCE . +Even though the MD and DO are first professional degrees and not doctorates of research (i.e., a PhD), many holders of the MD or DO degree conduct clinical and basic scientific research and publish in peer-reviewed journals during training and after graduation; an academic physician whose work emphasizes basic research is called a physician-scientist. +The earlier agreements tended to be somewhat informal and sporadic; they led to the "First International Tin Agreement" in 1956, the first of a.continuously numbered series that essentially collapsed in 1985. +These figures were calculated with a civilian labor force of approximately 157.8 million people, relative to a U.S. population of approximately 323 million people. +At retail, Windows XP was now marketed in two main editions: the "Home" edition was targeted towards consumers, while the "Professional" edition was targeted towards business environments and power users, and included additional security and networking features. +By looking within the gaps and crevices of the second-wave, fragments of historical knowledge and memory are discovered, and new historical feminist subjects as well as new perspectives about the past emerge, forcing existing dominant histories that claim to represent a universal experience to be decentered and refocused . +The DASH diet (high in nuts, fish, fruits and vegetables, and low in sweets, red meat and fat) has been shown to reduce blood pressure, lower total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and improve metabolic syndrome ; but the long-term benefits outside the context of a clinical trial have been questioned. +The fourth declension, with a predominant ending letter of u , is signified by the genitive singular ending of -ūs. + However, it needs very good conditions to survive long in unmaintained buildings – Roman decorative plasterwork is mainly known from Pompeii and other sites buried by ash from Mount Vesuvius. +The crossbench of 18 consists of ten Greens seats, as well as one seat each for the Palmer United Party, the Australian Motoring Enthusiast Party, the Liberal Democrats, the Family First Party , and four independents, Nick Xenophon, John Madigan, Jacqui Lambie and Glenn Lazarus. +Since the end of World War II, various nations, including the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States, have disposed of chemical weapons in the Baltic Sea, raising concerns of environmental contamination. +A member of the Association of American Universities, Pitt is the sixth-largest recipient of federally sponsored research funding among U.S. universities in 2013, and it is a major recipient of research funding from the National Institutes of Health . +A 1960 survey by Temple University of Philadelphia's poor neighborhoods found that 75 percent of the homeless were over 45 years old, and 87 percent were white. +Among the most devastating of these seismic events was the 1509 earthquake, which caused a tsunami that broke over the walls of the city and killed more than 10,000 people. +In 1786, Connecticut ceded territory to the U.S. government that became part of the Northwest Territory . +The University of Pittsburgh's main campus contains four contiguous sections: upper (sports complexes, residence halls); mid (Benedum, Chevron, Allen and Thaw Halls); lower (Cathedral of Learning, Union, Posvar Hall); and on the west end of campus , the medical center complex. + Further developments were made by Selmer in the 1930s and 40s, including offsetting tone holes and revamping the octave key mechanism, beginning with their balanced action instruments and continuing through their celebrated Mark VI line.[citation needed] One of the most radical, however temporary, revisions of saxophone keywork was made in the 1950s by M. Houvenaghel of Paris, who completely redeveloped the mechanics of the system to allow a number of notes (C♯, B, A, G, F and E♭) to be flattened by a semitone simply by pressing the right middle finger. This enables a chromatic scale to be played over two octaves simply by playing the diatonic scale combined with alternately raising and lowering this one digit. +In Community medicine and Medical Administration, part I examination consists of a theoretical exam while the degree is cofered after completion of a thesis as n PhD. This thesis has to be completed within a period of five years. +Finding derivations is a difficult task because the search space can be very large; an exhaustive search of every possible derivation is theoretically possible but computationally infeasible for many systems of interest in mathematics. +Unlike the cash crop-oriented plantations of the Chesapeake region , the Puritan economy was based on the efforts of self-supporting farmsteads who traded only for goods they could not produce themselves. +In fact, tin was one of the first superconductors to be studied ; the Meissner effect, one of the characteristic features of superconductors, was first discovered in superconducting tin crystals. +However, since 2012, because of the massive growth of smartphones, Windows sells less than Android , which became the most popular operating system in 2014, when counting all of the computing platforms each operating system runs on; in 2014, the number of Windows devices sold were less than 25% of Android devices sold. +'Rotterdam' is divided into a northern and a southern part by the river Nieuwe Maas, connected by (from west to east): the Beneluxtunnel; the Maastunnel; the Erasmusbrug ('Erasmus Bridge'); a subway tunnel; the Willemsspoortunnel ('Willems railway tunnel'); the Willemsbrug ('Willems Bridge'); the Koninginnebrug ('Queen's Bridge'); and the Van Brienenoordbrug ('Van Brienenoord Bridge'). +revenue appropriated through taxation . +The Silahtarağa Power Station, a coal-fired power plant along the Golden Horn, was the sole source of Istanbul's electricity between 1914, when its first engine room was completed, and 1952. +Bush also publicly opposed ratification of the Kyoto Protocols which sought to limit greenhouse gas emissions and thereby combat climate change, a decision heavily criticized by climate scientists. +Humans and other mammals have a dietary requirement for certain essential fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid) and alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid ) because they cannot be synthesized from simple precursors in the diet. +The MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine/Bachelor of Surgery) degree represents the first (graduation) level of training required to be licensed as a physicians, and the MS or MD degree is a higher postgraduate degree, representative of specialty training. +The Soviet Union was brought into World War II and joined the Western Allies in a common front against the Axis Powers. +The neurons fire in imitation of the action being observed , causing the same muscles to act minutely in the observer as are acting grossly in the person actually performing the action. +Children will always bear the surname of the father followed by that of the mother , but if there is no known father and the mother is single, the children can bear either both of her mother's surnames or the mother's first surname followed by any of the surnames of the mother's parents or grandparents, or the child may bear the mother's first surname twice in a row. +In 2013 that number jumped to one out of 30 children, or 2.5 million . +Numbers (both cardinal and ordinal ) in names are often represented by digits rather than initial letters: as in 4GL (Fourth generation language) or G77 (Group of 77). +Some farmers obtained land grants to create farms in undeveloped land in Massachusetts and Connecticut or bought plots of land from speculators in New Hampshire and what later became Vermont. +The explicit making of moral right and wrong judgments coincides with activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPC) while intuitive reactions to situations containing implicit moral issues activates the temporoparietal junction area. +Phase behavior is an area of study within biophysics and is the subject of current academic research. +The 2–1–2 is the most basic forecheck system where two forwards will go in deep and pressure the opposition's defencemen, the third forward stays high and the two defencemen stay at the blueline. +This fusion of root meaning and markers produces very compact sentence elements. + These large crystals are an efficient source of precipitation, since they fall through the atmosphere due to their mass , and may collide and stick together in clusters, or aggregates. +High technology startup companies and employment, which are growing mostly in Manhattan, as well as in Brooklyn, Queens, and elsewhere in the region, are bolstered by New York City's position in North America as the leading Internet hub and telecommunications center , including its vicinity to several transatlantic fiber optic trunk lines, New York's intellectual capital, and its extensive outdoor wireless connectivity. +When Eva Duarte married Juan Domingo Perón, she could be addressed as Eva Duarte de Perón , but the preferred style was Eva Perón, or the familiar and affectionate Evita (little Eva). +Thus, the Bible and Liturgy were written in Greek or Syriac rather than Armenian. +Life expectancy was much greater in the North American colonies ( because of better food, less disease, lighter work loads, and better medical care ) so the numbers grew rapidly by excesses of births over deaths, reaching 4 million by the 1860 Census. +The obelisk erected by Theodosius in the Hippodrome of Constantinople is still visible in Sultanahmet Square, and a section of the Valens Aqueduct, constructed in the late 4th century, stands relatively intact at the western edge of the Fatih district. +The slave traders would try to fit anywhere from 350 to 600 slaves on one ship. +The argument that acronyms should have no different plural form (for example, "If D can stand for disc, it can also stand for discs") is in general disregarded because of the practicality in distinguishing singulars and plurals . +The interior consisted of a passageway down the middle of the house with specialized rooms such as a library , dining room, formal parlor, and master bedroom off the sides. +Within the wide range of moral traditions, religious value systems co-exist with contemporary secular frameworks such as consequentialism, freethought, humanism, utilitarianism, and others. +The climate of the Sierra Nevada is influenced by the Mediterranean climate of California. + In response, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) adopted several model reforms for state insurance regulation, including risk-based capital requirements, financial regulation accreditation standards and an initiative to codify accounting principles. As more and more states enacted versions of these model reforms into law, the pressure for federal reform of insurance regulation waned. +The logical axioms consist of several axiom schemas of logically valid formulas ; these encompass a significant amount of propositional logic. +Despite having a focus on high-value-added work , its low-value-added manufacturing sector is substantial, representing just 26 percent of Istanbul's GDP, but four-fifths of the city's total exports. +On 20 October, the Red Army and the Partisans liberated Belgrade in a joint operation known as the Belgrade Offensive . +It is the only medical school in the Philippines offering a 5-year program integrating degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Master of Public Health. +Although it is traditional in Eastern churches for the supreme head of the church to be named 'Patriarch', in the Armenian Apostolic Church hierarchy, the position of the Catholicos is higher than that of the Patriarch. The Armenian Apostolic Church presently has two catholicoi (Karekin II, Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians, and Aram I, Catholicos of the Great House of Cilicia), and two patriarchs, plus primates, archbishops and bishops, lower clergy and laity serving the Church. +Due to the historical nature of various sites around Pitt's buildings, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has placed historical markers outside the Allegheny Observatory, Posvar Hall, Salk Hall, Stephen Foster Memorial, and the William Pitt Union. +The design of static structures assumes they always have the same geometry (in fact, so-called static structures can move significantly, and structural engineering design must take this into account where necessary), but the design of moveable or moving structures must account for fatigue, variation in the method in which load is resisted and significant deflections of structures. +The Awakening had little impact on Anglicans and Quakers . +This is referred to as frictional unemployment . +First year consists mainly of theoretical classes such as biophysics and biochemistry, anatomy, ethics or histology. +According to the original Commissioner's Plan, there were 155 numbered crosstown streets, but later the grid was extended up to the northernmost corner of Manhattan, where the last numbered street is 220th Street (Manhattan). +For example, the novelist and critic Anthony Burgess once proposed that the word "book" ought to stand for " Box Of Organized Knowledge ." +The Partisans later established a permanent air force by obtaining aircraft, equipment, and training from captured Axis aircraft, the British Royal Air Force (see BAF), and later the Soviet Air Force.[citation needed] +In monotheistic traditions, certain acts are viewed in more absolute terms, such as abortion or divorce.[a] Religion is not always positively associated with morality. +The community never grew large but it earned its place in history as one of Britain's oldest places of formal education. +Subroutines, often collected into libraries , are an important mechanism for sharing and trading software. +Several of the states of the United States also have Latin mottos, such as "Qui transtulit sustinet" ("He who transplanted still sustains"), the state motto of Connecticut; "Ad astra per aspera" ("To the stars through hardships"), that of Kansas; "Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam, circumspice" ("If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you"), that of Michigan; " Salus populi suprema lex esto " ("The health of the people should be the highest law"), that of Missouri; "Esse quam videri" (To be rather than to seem), that of North Carolina; "Sic semper tyrannis" (Thus always for tyrants), that of Virginia; and "Montani semper liberi" (Mountaineers are always free), that of West Virginia. +The use of acronyms has been further popularized with the emergence of Short Message Systems (SMS). +Social psychologists such as Martin Hoffman and Jonathan Haidt emphasize social and emotional development based on biology , such as empathy. +The league joined with teams in Michigan and Ontario to form the first fully professional league— the International Professional Hockey League (IPHL) —in 1904. +They all follow the European 6-year model except Bar-Ilan University who has a four-year program similar to the US system. +The latter notation is motivated by the fact that, when X and Y are finite and of size |X| and |Y|, then the number of functions X → Y is |YX| = |Y||X| . +While Mayor of Denver, Colorado , Colorado Governor John Hickenlooper made dealing with the issues that underlie homelessness a top priority on his Mayoral agenda, speaking heavily on the issue during his first "State of the City" address in 2003. +"In the eighteenth century many slave voyages took at least 2½ months. +When an application requests higher privileges or "Run as administrator" is clicked, UAC will prompt for confirmation and, if consent is given (including administrator credentials if the account requesting the elevation is not a member of the administrators group), start the process using the unrestricted token. +Choosing a Cartesian coordinate system for a one-dimensional space—that is, for a straight line —involves choosing a point O of the line (the origin), a unit of length, and an orientation for the line. +Although surplus line insurers are still regulated by the states in which they are actually admitted, the disadvantages of obtaining insurance from a surplus line insurer are that the policy will usually be written on a nonstandard form (that is, not from the Insurance Services Office ), and if the insurer collapses, its insureds in states in which it is nonadmitted will not enjoy certain types of protection available to insureds in states in which the insurer is admitted. +This pro-consumerist policy has been advanced on the lines of "industrial pragmatism" as it advances economic progress through bolstering industrialisation. +The "relative" coordinates in the following table were found by scaling the luminous reflectance relative to the flag's "white" . +The works of Dutch composer Louis Andriessen , for example, exhibit experimentalist preoccupation that is decidedly anti-romantic. +Forechecking is the act of attacking the opposition in their defensive zone . +Western Africa (part of which became known as " the Slave Coast "), and later Central Africa, became the source for enslaved people to meet the demand for labour. +The Turkish Statistical Institute estimates that the population of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality was 14,377,019 at the end of 2014, hosting 19 percent of the country's population. +Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for Latin: stannum) and atomic number 50. +By the early 1980s , it was largely perceived that women had met their goals and succeeded in changing social attitudes towards gender roles, repealing oppressive laws that were based on sex, integrating the "boys' clubs" such as Military academies, the United States armed forces, NASA, single-sex colleges, men's clubs, and the Supreme Court, and illegalizing gender discrimination. +Structures containing greater than 40 carbons are known as polyterpenes. + Sometimes this is due to obvious negligence, as in the case of the Pétionville school collapse, in which Rev. Fortin Augustin "constructed the building all by himself, saying he didn't need an engineer as he had good knowledge of construction" following a partial collapse of the three-story schoolhouse that sent neighbors fleeing. +From 1890 to 1973, the world's tallest building was in Manhattan (with a gap between 1901 and 1908, when the title was held by Philadelphia City Hall ), with nine different buildings holding the title. +This sudden, sharp rise in the city's population caused a large demand for housing, and many previously outlying villages and forests became engulfed into the metropolitan area of Istanbul. +In what was her first opinion written for the Supreme Court, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor stated, "In limited circumstances, a gender-based classification favoring one sex can be justified if it intentionally and directly assists members of the sex that is disproportionately burdened." +The amateur game penalizes fisticuffs more harshly, as a player who receives a fighting major is also assessed at least a 10-minute misconduct penalty (NCAA and some Junior leagues) or a game misconduct penalty and suspension (high school and younger, as well as some casual adult leagues). +Nowadays, fewer women adopt, even officially, their husbands' names , and among those who do so officially, it is quite common not to use it either in their professional or informal life.[citation needed] +On May 20, 2009, President Obama signed the Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing (HEARTH) Act into Public Law (Public Law 111-22 or "PL 111-22"), reauthorizing HUD's Homeless Assistance programs. +Since the Supreme Court legalized same-sex marriage nationwide in 2015, Republicans have taken a more muted stance , and the issue has lost much of its political potency. +New deposits are reported to be in southern Mongolia, and in 2009, new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia, by the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS . +Neurology, psychiatry, neurosurgery, psychosurgery, anesthesiology and pain medicine, neuropathology, neuroradiology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, clinical neurophysiology, addiction medicine, and sleep medicine are some medical specialties that specifically address the diseases of the nervous system. +By 1750, a variety of artisans, shopkeepers, and merchants provided services to the growing farming population. +Tin has long been used as a solder in the form of an alloy with lead , tin accounting for 5 to 70% w/w. Tin forms a eutectic mixture with lead containing 63% tin and 37% lead. +A 2007 survey conducted by Public Agenda , a nonprofit organization that helps leaders and their citizens navigate through complex social issues, found that 67 percent of New Yorkers agreed that most homeless people were without shelter because of "circumstances beyond their control," including high housing costs and lack of good and steady employment. +Meanwhile, the eastern European communist states politically deteriorated in response to the success of the Polish Solidarity movement and the possibility of Gorbachev -style political liberalisation. +More interestingly, 90 percent of New Yorkers believed that everyone has a right to shelter , and 68 percent believed that the government is responsible for guaranteeing that right to its citizens. +He cited examples such as the invention of the steam engine by James Watt, which was funded by plantation owners from the Caribbean. +It is published by Times Newspapers Ltd, a subsidiary of News UK, which is in turn owned by News Corp. Times Newspapers also publishes The Times. +Tin resists corrosion from water , but can be attacked by acids and alkalis. +Thus words include an objective semantic element, and also markers specifying the grammatical use of the word . +The largest ethnic minority in Istanbul is the Kurdish community , originating from eastern and southeastern Turkey. +At the behest of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Kırkçeşme water supply network was constructed; by 1563, the network provided 4,200 cubic meters (150,000 cu ft) of water to 158 sites each day. +Decentralization may be uneven and "asymmetric" given any one country's population, political, ethnic and other forms of diversity. +However, organised quartets did exist before Mule's ensemble, the prime example being the quartet headed by Eduard Lefebre (1834–1911), former soloist with the Sousa band, in the United States c. 1904–1911. +In another Gallup poll, 42% of Republicans and Republican-leaning independents identified as economically and socially conservative, followed by 24% as socially and economically moderate or liberal, 20% as socially moderate or liberal and fiscally conservative, and 10% as socially conservative and fiscally moderate or liberal. +It may be associated with pluralistic politics and representative government, but it also means giving citizens, or their representatives, more influence in the formulation and implementation of laws and policies . +The exceptions are Alaska where main subdivisions is the boroughs (parts of the state are not included in any borough, called the Unorganized Borough, is divided into "census areas"), and Louisiana (which is divided into county-equivalents that are called parishes). +The 17th century saw an increase in shipments , with Africans arriving in the English colony of Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. +Along the European side, and closer to the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge, is Emirgan Park; originally a private estate belonging to Ottoman leaders, the 47-hectare (120-acre) park is known for its diversity of plants and an annual tulip festival held since 2005. +Group morality develops from shared concepts and beliefs and is often codified to regulate behavior within a culture or community . +Over the years, the city of Chicago, Illinois has gained a reputation as the city with the most homeless people, rivaling Los Angeles and New York, although no statistical data have backed this up. +Popular as photo sites, there are ten representations of Panthers in and about Pitt's campus, and ten more painted fiberglass panthers placed around the campus by the Pitt Student Government. +Structural engineering dates back to 2700 B.C.E. when the step pyramid for Pharaoh Djoser was built by Imhotep, the first engineer in history known by name. +Recent years have seen use higher copper alloys substituted for the "yellow brass" or "cartridge brass" that are most common, for visual and tonal effect. +Medical school curriculum consists of five years. The first two years are medical theory, containing all basic sciences related to medicine, and the last three years consists of clinical issues related to all medical specialties. +The Tax Policy Center estimated during 2012 that reducing the corporate tax rate from 35% to 20% would add $1 trillion to the debt over a decade, for example. +In 2012, 88% of Romney voters were white, while 56% of Obama voters were white. +The name İstanbul (Turkish pronunciation: [isˈtanbuɫ] (listen), colloquially [ɯsˈtambuɫ]) is commonly held to derive from the Medieval Greek phrase "εἰς τὴν Πόλιν" (pronounced [is tim ˈbolin]), which means "to the city" and is how Constantinople was referred to by the local Greeks. +Jazz musicians adopted the term to refer to the city as the world's jazz capital, and a 1970s ad campaign by the New York Convention and Visitors Bureau helped popularize the term. +The White House provided a fact sheet which summarized the key provisions of the $447 billion bill. +Native peoples were at first utilized as slave labour by Europeans, until a large number died from overwork and Old World diseases. +Reduction of blood pressure is also observed when pharmacological doses are applied . +Major initiatives and events that have occurred during his tenure include the construction of the Petersen Events Center , a major expansion of on-campus housing, the growth of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the restructuring of its relationship with the university, and a series of disruptive bomb threats that occurred in 2012. +The ancient peoples of the Andes such as the Incas have practiced irrigation techniques for over 6,000 years . +However, the "flower flag" terminology persists in some places today: for example, American Ginseng is called simplified Chinese: 花旗参; traditional Chinese: 花旗參; literally: 'flower flag ginseng' in Chinese, and Citibank, which opened a branch in China in 1902 , is known as 花旗银行; 'Flower Flag Bank'. +The word " triacylglycerol " is sometimes used synonymously with "triglyceride". +In terms of the white population of Virginia and Maryland in the mid-18th century, the top five percent or so were planters who possessed growing wealth and increasing political power and social prestige. +In March 2013, National Committee Chairman Reince Priebus gave a stinging report on the party's failures in 2012, calling on Republicans to reinvent themselves and officially endorse immigration reform. +Prior to the rise of the internet, drum and bass was commonly broadcast over pirate radio . +Since the organization of the Northwest Territory in 1789 , all areas not admitted to the United States as States were under the direct control of Congress as organized incorporated territories, with some political autonomy at the local level. +The Congressional Research Service summarized the bill as follows: "Creating American Jobs and Ending Offshoring Act—Amends the Internal Revenue Code to: (1) exempt from employment taxes for a 24-month period employers who hire a employee who replaces another employee who is not a citizen or permanent resident of the United States and who performs similar duties overseas; (2) deny any tax deduction, deduction for loss, or tax credit for the cost of an American jobs offshoring transaction (defined as any transaction in which a taxpayer reduces or eliminates the operation of a trade or business in connection with the start-up or expansion of such trade or business outside the United States); and (3) eliminate the deferral of tax on income of a controlled foreign corporation attributable to property imported into the United States by such corporation or a related person, except for property exported before substantial use in the United States and for agricultural commodities not grown in the United States in commercially marketable quantities." +Pitt's research program alone imports more than $822 million into the region each year (more than $3.60 for each $1 of state appropriations), and supports some 23,100 local jobs. +Based on an individual's occupation or area of residence, a byname would be used in situations where more than one person had the same name. +The first attempted English settlement south of Virginia was the Province of Carolina . +Although the Prime Minister, by convention, serves as a member of the House of Representatives, other ministers may come from either house, and the two houses have almost equal legislative power. +The extent to which persons are not fully utilizing their skills is also difficult to determine when measuring the level of underemployment. +Under its new owner, The Sunday Times notched up several firsts: a wood engraving it published of the coronation of Queen Victoria in 1838 was the largest illustration to have appeared in a British newspaper; in 1841, it became one of the first papers to serialise a novel: William Harrison Ainsworth's Old St Paul's. +When married, an English woman lost her maiden name and personal identity, meaning she could not own property, file lawsuits, or participate in political life , even when widowed. +In 2011 it was revealed that Ktchoyan drives a Bentley (valued at $180,000-$280,000). +The state lies at a latitude of 23°83'N – 25°68'N and a longitude of 93°03'E – 94°78'E. The total area covered by the state is 22,347 square kilometres (8,628 sq mi). +The rise of immigration near the turn of the 20th century left major portions of Manhattan, especially the Lower East Side , densely packed with recent arrivals, crammed into unhealthy and unsanitary housing. +The Yugoslav National Liberation Movement claimed 6,000,000 civilian supporters; its two million women formed the Antifascist Front of Women (AFŽ), in which the revolutionary coexisted with the traditional. +"In 2004 the United States Conference of Mayors... surveyed the mayors of major cities on the extent and causes of urban homelessness and most of the mayors named the lack of affordable housing as a cause of homelessness.... +On this understanding, moralities are sets of self-perpetuating and biologically-driven behaviors which encourage human cooperation . +This was the start of the optical industry of grinding and polishing lenses for spectacles, first in Venice and Florence in the thirteenth century , and later in the spectacle-making centres in both the Netherlands and Germany. +In such an event, the entirety of the Senate faces re-election, as does the House of Representatives, rather than only about half the chamber as is normally the case. +Non-British colonies were taken over and the inhabitants were all assimilated, unlike in Nova Scotia, where the British expelled the French Acadian inhabitants. +Decentralization can make national policy coordination too complex; it may allow local elites to capture functions; local cooperation maybe undermined by any distrust between private and public sectors; decentralization may result in higher enforcement costs and conflict for resources if there is no higher level of authority. +The Chlamydia link has become less plausible with the absence of improvement after antibiotic use. +.Each month, The Hamilton Project examines the "jobs gap," which is the number of jobs that the U.S. economy needs to create in order to return to pre-recession employment levels while also absorbing the people who enter the labor force each month. +Other surnames may have arisen from more than one source: the name "De Luca," for instance, likely arose either in or near Lucania or in the family of someone named Lucas or Lucius; in some instances, however, the name may have arisen from Lucca, with the spelling and pronunciation changing over time and with emigration. +The terms townships and towns are closely related (in many historical documents the terms are used interchangeably). +In February 2009 , President Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, which was part of the President's effort to save or create 3.5 million jobs in the United States to mitigate the effects of the economic recession begun in 2008. +This was at the altitudinal limits of these crops, and it has been suggested that cultivation in more favourable ranges in the lowlands may have been even earlier. +In the 10th century, Oxford became an important military frontier town between the kingdoms of Mercia and Wessex and was on several occasions raided by Danes . +There are two small shopping centres in the city centre: The Clarendon Centre and the Westgate Centre. +An interpretation of a first-order language assigns a denotation to all non-logical constants in that language . +The Irish edition of The Sunday Times was launched on a small scale on 1993 with just two staff, Alan Ruddock and John Burns (who is at present associate editor). +In 1883 , the opening of the Brooklyn Bridge established a road connection to Brooklyn, across the East River. +In Virginia , cities are completely independent from the county in which they would otherwise be a part. +Reliefs in wax were produced at least from the Renaissance . +In contrast, it is now well-established that consumption of trans fats , such as those present in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. +Recently metamodernism, post-postmodernism and the "death of postmodernism" have been widely debated: in 2007 Andrew Hoberek noted in his introduction to a special issue of the journal Twentieth Century Literature titled "After Postmodernism" that "declarations of postmodernism's demise have become a critical commonplace". +They created works beginning in the 1970s without any set adherence to rational order and formal organization. +That leadership later gave rise to the myth that "the Iberians were the sole leaders of the exploration". +In 1809 President James Madison outlawed the slave trade with the United States. +In Ayurveda, Bachelor of Ayurveda, Medicine and Surgery B.A.M.S in Unani, Bachelor of Unani Medicine and Surgery BUMS in Sidha, Bachelor of Sidha Medicine and Surgery BSMS are the basic qualification for practicing Ayurveda, Unani,&Sidha. +Structural engineers must ensure their designs satisfy given design criteria, predicated on safety (i.e. structures must not collapse without due warning) or serviceability and performance (i.e. building sway must not cause discomfort to the occupants). +The architect is usually the lead designer on buildings, with a structural engineer employed as a sub-consultant. + Yanagisawa's 902 and 992 series saxophones are made with phosphor bronze, which is claimed to offer slightly different, more "vintage" tonal qualities from the brass 901 and 991 models of identical design. +The major commercial application of organo tin compounds is in the stabilization of PVC plastics. +In 1941 Partisan forces in Serbia and Montnegro had around 55,000 fighters, but only 4,500 succeeded to escape to Bosnia. +Murder rates that had reached 2,245 in 1990 plummeted to 537 by 2008, and the crack epidemic and its associated drug-related violence came under greater control. +In the Presidential election of 2012 , the Republican nominees were former Governor Mitt Romney of Massachusetts for President, and Representative Paul Ryan of Wisconsin for Vice President. +First and second declension adjectives are declined like first declension nouns for the feminine forms and like second declension nouns for the masculine and neuter forms. +Roger Williams, who preached religious toleration, separation of Church and State, and a complete break with the Church of England , was banished and founded Rhode Island Colony, which became a haven for other refugees from the Puritan community, such as Anne Hutchinson. +The first studies on cardiovascular health were performed in year 1949 by Jerry Morris using occupational health data and were published in year 1958. +It never returned to being the world's largest, but remained Europe's largest city from 1500 to 1750, when it was surpassed by London . +The four major American broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, CBS, and Fox , as well as Univision, are all headquartered in Manhattan, as are many cable channels, including MSNBC, MTV, Fox News, HBO and Comedy Central. +To relieve insurers and brokers of that tedious and time-consuming chore, many states (with the notable exception of Texas) now maintain "export lists" of risks that the state insurance commissioner has already identified as having no coverage available whatsoever from any admitted insurer in the state. +Moral philosophy includes moral ontology, or the origin of morals, as well as moral epistemology, or knowledge about morals . +Its commercial and historical center lies on the European side and about a third of its population lives on the Asian side . +A key aspect that affected the Bolshevik regime was the backward economic conditions in Russia that were considered unfavourable to orthodox Marxist theory of communist revolution. +In south India , where use of two names is by no means universal, surname is placed before personal name and in most cases it is only shown as an initial (for example 'S.' for Suryapeth).[citation needed] +The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act (Imp.) of 1900 established the Senate as part of the new system of dominion government in newly federated Australia. +Pitt has an increasing emphasis on undergraduate research experience and for providing real-world opportunities such as co-ops and internships . +In Spain, especially Catalonia, the paternal and maternal surnames are often combined using y ( Spanish ) or i (in Catalan), see for example the economist Xavier Sala-i-Martin or painter Salvador Dalí i Domènech. +Rumors soon started to spread and were confirmed in March 1848 by San Francisco newspaper publisher and merchant Samuel Brannan. +The team that has been given a penalty is said to be playing " short-handed " while the opposing team is on a "power play." +By 1912, the New Haven operated over 2,000 miles (3,200 km) of track, and 120,000 employees. +However using this process of AGLP/AGDLP/AGUDLP allows a small number of static permissions to be applied and allows for easy changes to the account groups without reapplying the file permissions on the files and folders. +The 1689 Boston revolt, inspired by England's Glorious Revolution against James II, caused Andros, Boston Anglicans, and senior dominion officials to be arrested by the Massachusetts militia. +In order to stem the tide, education and awareness that cardiovascular disease poses the greatest threat, and measures to prevent or reverse this disease must be taken. + Paragraph 12 of SSAP 62 is nearly identical to the FAS 113 test, while paragraph 14, which is otherwise very similar to paragraph 10 of FAS 113, additionally contains a justification for the use of a single fixed rate for discounting purposes. +In 1943 , the Kemsley Newspapers Group was established, with The Sunday Times becoming its flagship paper. +Furthermore, Rotterdam has the Dutch headquarters of Allianz, Maersk, Petrobras, Samskip, Louis Dreyfus Group and Aon . +The development of modern morality is a process closely tied to sociocultural evolution. +Structural engineers are most commonly involved in nonbuilding structures, as well as building structures, but they can also be involved in the design of machinery, medical equipment, vehicles or any item where structural integrity affects the item's function or safety. +Manhattan was on track to have an estimated 90,000 hotel rooms at the end of 2014, a 10% increase from 2013. +Using the Cartesian coordinate system, geometric shapes (such as curves) can be described by Cartesian equations: algebraic equations involving the coordinates of the points lying on the shape. +Aging is also associated with changes in the mechanical and structural properties of the vascular wall, which leads to the loss of arterial elasticity and reduced arterial compliance and may subsequently lead to coronary artery disease . +This situation was also partly due to the age of the Australian constitution – it was enacted before the confrontation in 1909 in Britain between the House of Commons and the House of Lords, which ultimately resulted in the restrictions placed on the powers of the House of Lords by the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949. +In the art of Ancient Egypt and other ancient Near Eastern and Asian cultures, and also Meso-America , a very low relief was commonly used for the whole composition. +This means that, given an interpretation, a predicate symbol, and n elements of the domain of discourse , one can tell whether the predicate is true of those elements according to the given interpretation. + The United States Congress , however, responded almost immediately with the McCarran-Ferguson Act in 1945. +Both groups gave care the highest over-all weighting , but conservatives valued fairness the lowest, whereas liberals valued purity the lowest. +He entered the tidal strait now known as The Narrows aboard his ship La Dauphine and named the land around Upper New York Harbor "New Angoulême", in reference to the family name of King Francis I that was derived from Angoulême in France; he sailed far enough into the harbor to sight the Hudson River, which he referred to in his report to the French king as a "very big river"; and he named the Bay of Santa Margarita – what is now Upper New York Bay – after Marguerite de Navarre, the elder sister of the king. +Each student can only try twice. For example, the Université René Descartes welcomes about 2,000 students in first year and only 300 after numerus clausus. +Friedan described this as "The Problem That Has No Name" . +Tin is unique among other mineral commodities by the complex "agreements" between producer countries and consumer countries dating back to 1921. +For example, amābit, " he or she will love ", is formed from the same stem, amā-, to which a future tense marker, -bi-, is suffixed, and a third person singular marker, -t, is suffixed. +Suleiman the Magnificent's reign from 1520 to 1566 was a period of especially great artistic and architectural achievement; chief architect Mimar Sinan designed several iconic buildings in the city, while Ottoman arts of ceramics, stained glass, calligraphy, and miniature flourished. +As of 20 15[update], Oxford has one of the largest urban park and ride networks in the UK. +Beta oxidation is the metabolic process by which fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondria and/or in peroxisomes to generate acetyl-CoA. +The Van Nelle Factory has since 2014 the status of UNESCO World Heritage Site. +At its peak during World War II, the Yugoslav Partisans' Navy commanded 9 or 10 armed ships, 30 patrol boats, close to 200 support ships, six coastal batteries, and several Partisan detachments on the islands, around 3,000 men.[citation needed] On 26 October 1943, it was organized first into four, and later into six, Maritime Coastal Sectors (Pomorsko Obalni Sektor, POS). +In early 2008 , some new legislation is under consideration that will place the mother's last name ahead the father's last name, as it is done in Portuguese-speaking countries and only optionally in Spain, despite Argentina being a Spanish-speaking country. +At this level, tools from molecular biology and genetics are used to understand how neurons develop and how genetic changes affect biological functions . +As the genre became generally more polished and sophisticated technically , it began to expand its reach from pirate radio to commercial stations and gain widespread acceptance (circa 1995–1997). +Structural engineering depends upon a detailed knowledge of applied mechanics, materials science and applied mathematics to understand and predict how structures support and resist self-weight and imposed loads. +As of 1999[update], many areas still bear the scars of hydraulic mining, since the resulting exposed earth and downstream gravel deposits do not support plant life .:116–121 +Window glass is most often made by floating molten glass on top of molten tin (creating float glass ) in order to produce a flat surface. +SnO2 is amphoteric , which means that it dissolves in both acidic and basic solutions. +In Lithuania, if the husband is named Vilkas, his wife will be named Vilkienė and his daughter will be named Vilkaitė . +The first film screening in Turkey was at Yıldız Palace in 1896, a year after the technology publicly debuted in Paris. +The profit motive as a driving force for production is replaced by social obligation to fulfil the economic plan. +The emergence of powerful new measurement techniques such as neuroimaging (e.g., fMRI, PET, SPECT), electrophysiology, and human genetic analysis combined with sophisticated experimental techniques from cognitive psychology allows neuroscientists and psychologists to address abstract questions such as how human cognition and emotion are mapped to specific neural substrates. +At the time the Bowery Mission was established it was located at 36 Bowery, a location that in an earlier time in New York City, played a role in the New York City Draft Riots , when the building was used as a saloon. +It is not clear which of these companies include tin smelted from the mine at Bisie, Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is controlled by a renegade militia and produces 15,000 tonnes. +Water comes to Manhattan through New York City Water Tunnel No. 1, Tunnel No. 2, and Tunnel No. 3 , completed in 1917, 1936, and (Manhattan's supply) 2013, respectively. +The colony survived and flourished by turning to tobacco as a cash crop. +Debates regarding monetary policy during 2014-2015 centered on the timing and extent of interest rate increases, as a near-zero interest rate target had remained in place since the 2007-2009 recession. +Jonathan Edwards , perhaps most powerful intellectual in colonial America, was a key leader. +These are also seen in the enormous strips of reliefs that wound round Roman triumphal columns . +Latin influence in English has been significant at all stages of its insular development. +Changing the interface language also changes the language of preinstalled Windows Store apps (such as Mail, Maps and News ) and certain other Microsoft-developed apps (such as Remote Desktop). +The set of all functions from a set X to a set Y is denoted by X → Y, by [X → Y], or by YX . +The scope of neuroscience has broadened to include different approaches used to study the molecular, cellular, developmental, structural, functional, evolutionary, computational, and medical aspects of the nervous system. +Reversing the order of names for the same reason is also customary for the Baltic Fennic peoples and the Hungarians , but other Uralic peoples traditionally did not have surnames, perhaps because of the clan structure of their societies. +* wide, with First Avenue on the east side and Twelfth Avenue on the west side. +Since the Supreme Court legalized same-sex marriage nationwide in 2015 , Republicans have taken a more muted stance, and the issue has lost much of its political potency. +Chattel slavery was codified in Virginia law in 1656, and in 1662 , the colony adopted the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, by which children of slave mothers were slaves, regardless of paternity. +The first major influx of settlers were the Scotch Irish , who headed to the frontier. +The next major consumer-oriented release of Windows, Windows 95, was released on August 24, 1995 . +The standard way of measuring rainfall or snowfall is the standard rain gauge , which can be found in 100 mm (4 in) plastic and 200 mm (8 in) metal varieties. +The system is now used in every NHL game, at IIHF World Championships, the Olympics and in many professional and high-level amateur leagues in North America and Europe . +Europeans used Constantinople to refer to the whole of the city, but used the name Stamboul—as the Turks also did—to describe the walled peninsula between the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara. +In China, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Madagascar, Taiwan, Vietnam, and parts of India, the family name is placed before a person's given name. +Works in the technique are described as "in relief", and, especially in monumental sculpture, the work itself is "a relief". +Starting in the 1890s J. P. Morgan began financing the major New England railroads, and dividing territory so they would not compete. +The 50 states of the United States of America are as follows (this list includes both the postal code abbreviation and the traditional abbreviation for each state): +The terms and formulas of first-order logic are strings of symbols which together form the alphabet of the language. +For example, some authors use colons or full stops instead of parentheses, or change the places in which parentheses are inserted. +Vaishnavism school of Hinduism became a dominant force in Manipur in the eighteenth century when the king, Garib Niwas (1708–48), declared it as the official State religion. +As a result, various Australian medical schools have replaced their MBBS degrees with the MD to resolve the previous anomalous nomenclature. +The movement is usually believed to have begun in 1963, when "Mother of the Movement" Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique, and President John F. Kennedy's Presidential Commission on the Status of Women released its report on gender inequality . +It started (on a significant scale) in about 1502 and lasted until 1580 when Portugal was temporarily united with Spain. +Iskcon led by Bhaktisvarupa Damodara Swami started a network of schools in Northeastern India, where more than 4000 students receive education centred on Vaishnava spiritual values. +John Newton , author of Complete Conduct Principles for the 21st Century compared the Eastern and the Western cultures about morality. +Besides the feast, gifts are given to the women/invitees and to their children. It is the festival that binds and revives the family relations between the girls married away and the parental family. + Some Leblanc System features were built into the Vito Model 35 saxophones of the 1950s and 1960s. +Slovenia was during WWII in a unique situation in Europe, only Greece shared its experience of being trisected, however, Slovenia was the only one that experienced a further step — absorption and annexation into neighboring Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Hungary . +American scientific activity was symbolized by David Rittenhouse, who constructed the first planetarium in the Western Hemisphere, New York lieutenant governor Cadwallader Colden, botanist and anthropologist, and Dr. Benjamin Rush, the celebrated physician and social reformer and member of the American Philosophical Society founded by Benjamin Franklin , who had contributed important discoveries to physics such as electricity, but was more successful in his practical inventions such as stoves and lightning rods. +As Bonomi (1971) shows, the most distinctive feature of colonial society was the vibrant political culture, which attracted the most talented and ambitious young men into politics . +About of a third of the population in the 21st century descends from the Spanish settlers. +Automated theorem proving refers to the development of computer programs that search and find derivations ( formal proofs ) +They are made of a hydrocarbon chain that terminates with a carboxylic acid group; this arrangement confers the molecule with a polar, hydrophilic end, and a nonpolar, hydrophobic end that is insoluble in water. +If the minimum wage had kept pace with inflation or average wages over the past nearly 50 years, it would be about $10 an hour; if it had kept pace with the growth in average labor productivity, it would be about $17 an hour." +Recently created in the United States is a genre called ghettotech which contains synth and basslines similar to drum & bass. +. No first-order theory , however, has the strength to uniquely describe a structure with an infinite domain, such as the natural numbers or the real line. +The Sierra rise to almost 14,000 feet (4,300 m) with Mount Humphreys near Bishop, California . +Manhattan has fixed highway connections with New Jersey to its west by way of the George Washington Bridge , the Holland Tunnel, and the Lincoln Tunnel, and to three of the four other New York City boroughs—the Bronx to the northeast, and Brooklyn and Queens (both on Long Island) to the east and south. +At Guilá Naquitz cave in the Mexican highlands , fragments of maize pollen, bottle gourd and pepo squash were recovered and variously dated between 8000 to 7000 BC. +Notable are the Van Nelle fabriek (1929) a monument of modern factory design by Brinkman en Van der Vlugt , the Jugendstil clubhouse of the Royal Maas Yacht Club designed by Hooijkaas jr. +A Cartesian coordinate system is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely in a plane by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular directed lines, measured in the same unit of length. +the Lijnbaan (the first set of pedestrian streets of the country, opened in 1953), the Hoogstraat, the Coolsingel with the city hall, and the Weena, which runs from the Central Station to the Hofplein (square). +Some Republican candidates have supported development of alternative fuels in order to achieve energy independence for the US. + Insurance companies were, in large part, prohibited from writing more than one line of insurance until laws began to permit multi-line charters in the 1950s. +In 2011 and 2012, Connecticut was hit by three major storms in just over 14 months, with all three causing extensive property damage and electric outages. +In order to be eligible to apply for an MD degree from a UK or Commonwealth University one must hold either an MBBS, MBChB, or an equivalent US-MD degree and must usually have at least five-years of postgraduate experience. +For adults without a known diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, or cardiovascular disease, routine counseling to advise them to improve their diet and increase their physical activity has not been found to significantly alter behavior , and thus is not recommended. +About 253,000 tonnes of tin have been mined in 2011, mostly in China (110,000 t ), Indonesia (51,000 t), Peru (34,600 t), Bolivia (20,700 t) and Brazil (12,000 t). +In the United States, 1,712 surnames cover 50% of the population, and about 1% of the population has the surname Smith, which is also the most frequent English name and an occupational name ("metal worker"), a contraction, for instance, of blacksmith or iron smith, among others. +The soprano saxophone was popularized by Sidney Bechet in early jazz, but then largely fell out of favor on the jazz scene until John Coltrane began to feature the instrument.[citation needed] Popular smooth jazz/contemporary pop musician Kenny G also features the soprano sax as his principal instrument. +The earlier agreements tended to be somewhat informal and sporadic ; they led to the "First International Tin Agreement" in 1956, the first of a.continuously numbered series that essentially collapsed in 1985. +Although fighting is officially prohibited in the rules, it is both a target of criticism and a considerable draw for the sport. +Legally, however, the university remains a private entity , operating under its nonprofit corporate charter, governed by its independent Board of Trustees, and with its assets under its own ownership and control. +In most cases, however, Congress has granted considerable self-rule through an Organic Act , +Punched tin lanterns are the most common application of this artisan technique. +This bids up bond prices, helping keep interest rates low, to encourage companies to borrow and invest and people to buy homes . +.Peano arithmetic and Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory are axiomatizations of number theory and set theory, respectively, into first-order logic. +By the middle of the 18th century, New England's way of life was threatened by overpopulation, going from about 100,000 people in 1700 to 250,000 in 1725 and 375,000 in 1750 thanks to high birth rates and relatively high overall life expectancy (a 15-year-old boy in 1700 could expect to live to about 63). +The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED ) records the first printed use of the word initialism as occurring in 1899, but it did not come into general use until 1965, well after acronym had become common. +There are several risk factors for heart diseases: age, gender, tobacco use, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, obesity, family history of cardiovascular disease, raised blood pressure (hypertension), raised blood sugar (diabetes mellitus), raised blood cholesterol (hyperlipidemia), psychosocial factors, poverty and low educational status, and air pollution. +Central Park is the location of record for the borough's climatic data. +The movement is usually believed to have begun in 1963, when "Mother of the Movement" Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique, and President John F. Kennedy's Presidential Commission on the Status of Women released its report on gender inequality. +Novelists who are commonly connected with postmodern literature include Vladimir Nabokov , William Gaddis, Umberto Eco, John Hawkes, William Burroughs, Giannina Braschi, Kurt Vonnegut, John Barth, Jean Rhys, Donald Barthelme, E.L. Doctorow, Richard Kalich, Jerzy Kosinski, Don DeLillo, Thomas Pynchon (Pynchon's work has also been described as "high modern"), Ishmael Reed, Kathy Acker, Ana Lydia Vega, Jachym Topol and Paul Auster. + Water vapour normally begins to condense on condensation nuclei such as dust, ice, and salt in order to form clouds. +Josiah Whitney was appointed to head the survey. +As part of Hebrew patronymic names, Ben is followed by the father's name, e.g. ben adam (Hebrew: בן אדם‎) or Abraham ben Abraham. + Other saxophones made of high copper alloys are sold under the brands Chateau, Kessler, Saxgourmet, and Bauhaus Walstein . + For example, all insurance policies and all claim-related documents must consistently reference the relevant company within the group , and the flows of premiums and claim payments must be carefully recorded against the books of the correct company. +First-order logic uses quantified variables over (non-logical) objects . +In this case a protective oxide layer prevents further oxidation. +The Decline of the Roman Empire meant a deterioration in educational standards that brought about Late Latin, a post-classical stage of the language seen in Christian writings of the time . + The acceptance of what was arguably a superior system was impaired by the adjustment required of players switching between System and non-System horns, and the added costs associated with the added complexity of certain key mechanisms. +The British economy had begun to grow rapidly at the end of the 17th century, and by the mid-18th century, small factories in Britain were producing much more than the nation could consume. +In early 2008, some new legislation is under consideration that will place the mother's last name ahead the father's last name , as it is done in Portuguese-speaking countries and only optionally in Spain, despite Argentina being a Spanish-speaking country. +These are divided into two tense systems: the present system, which is made up of the present, imperfect, and future tenses, and the perfect system, which is made up of the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect tenses. +The trip is notoriously frustrating for drivers because of heavy congestion on narrow local streets laid out by the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 , absence of express roads other than the Trans-Manhattan Expressway at the far north end of Manhattan Island, and only 4 crosstown roads for travel through Central Park, which is between 59th Street and 110th Street. +A very small number of slots per semester are reserved for selected applicants which already hold a university degree (Zweitstudium) and for medical officer candidates (Sanitätsoffizieranwärter). +F or a short time Selmer Paris produced mark VI alto saxophones with the low A key. +Rotterdam's logistic success is based on its strategic location on the North Sea , directly at the mouth of the Nieuwe Maas (New Meuse) channel leading into the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. +There are typically two linesmen who are mainly responsible for calling "offside" and "icing" violations, breaking up fights, and conducting faceoffs, and one or two referees, who call goals and all other penalties . +In Europe, these games included the Irish game of hurling, the closely related Scottish game of shinty and versions of field hockey (including " bandie ball ," played in England). +Its capital city is Hartford, and its most populous city is Bridgeport . +In September 1943 , at Churchill's request, Brigadier General Fitzroy Maclean was parachuted to Tito's headquarters near Drvar to serve as a permanent, formal liaison to the Partisans. +The saxophone was developed in 1846 by Adolphe Sax, a Belgian instrument maker , flautist, and clarinetist born in Dinant and originally based in Brussels, he moved to Paris in 1842 to establish his musical instrument business. +Among men and women, there are notable differences in body weight, height, body fat distribution, heart rate, stroke volume, and arterial compliance . +Whereas first-wave feminism focused mainly on suffrage and overturning legal obstacles to gender equality (e.g.., voting rights, property rights), second-wave feminism broadened the debate to a wide range of issues: sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive rights, de facto inequalities, and official legal inequalities. Second-wave feminism also drew attention to domestic violence and marital rape issues, establishment of rape crisis and battered women's shelters, and changes in custody and divorce law. +The U.S. economy created between 18-21 million jobs in each of the three decades from 1970-2000, an average of approximately 165,500 /month during that span. +More specifically, the status of "major party" is usually reconfirmed every four years, as belonging to the two parties that polled best, statewide, in the gubernatorial column ; this status includes the benefit of appearing in one of the top two rows on the ballot provided the party has at least one candidate on the ballot. +Aerospace structures typically consist of thin plates with stiffeners for the external surfaces, bulkheads and frames to support the shape and fasteners such as welds, rivets, screws and bolts to hold the components together. +While the scientific consensus for human activity created climate-warming is around 97%, according to a Pew Research survey, 44% of American adults in the general public acknowledged human activity as the cause of climate change, and 23% of Republicans. +The Andean volcanism is a result of subduction of the Nazca Plate and Antarctic Plate underneath the South American Plate. +It is estimated that 190,207 people are homeless in Los Angeles County at least one night during the year. +Whereas the United States has neither mined since 1993 nor smelted tin since 1989, it was the largest secondary producer, recycling nearly 14,000 tonnes in 2006. +Despite dialect variation (which is found in any sufficiently widespread language) the languages of Spain, France, Portugal, and Italy retained a remarkable unity in phonological forms and developments, bolstered by the stabilizing influence of their common Christian (Roman Catholic) culture . +In 2006 then California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger broke from Republican orthodoxy to sign several bills imposing caps on carbon emissions in California. +The Dutch army was finally forced to capitulate on 15 May 1940 , following Hitler's bombing Rotterdam on 14 May and threatening to bomb other Dutch cities. +Evans tried to organise a management buyout of The Sunday Times, but Thomson decided instead to sell to Rupert Murdoch, who he thought had a better chance of dealing with the trade unions. +Prior to the formation of the conservative coalition , which helped realign the Democratic and Republican party ideologies in the mid-1960s, the party had historically advocated classical liberalism and progressivism. +Critics of modernism argued that the attributes of perfection and minimalism themselves were subjective , and pointed out anachronisms in modern thought and questioned the benefits of its philosophy. +Flags that are made to the prescribed 1.9 ratio are often referred to as "G-spec" (for " government specification ") flags. +Conservatives typically argue for free market solutions , with less government restriction of the private sector. +The formation of the modern Andes began with the events of the Triassic when Pangaea began to break up and several rifts developed. +The study of the nervous system can be done at multiple levels, ranging from the molecular and cellular levels to the systems and cognitive levels . +The word "centralization" came into use in France in 1794 as the post-French Revolution French Directory leadership created a new government structure. +Structural engineering design utilizes a number of simple structural elements to build complex structural systems. +Oxford (/ˈɒksfərd/) is a city in the South East region of England and the county town of Oxfordshire . +The former railway lift bridge De Hef ('the Lift') is preserved as a monument in lifted position between the Noordereiland ('North Island') and the south of Rotterdam. +The term "anarchist" first entered the English language in 1642 , during the English Civil War, as a term of abuse, used by Royalists against their Roundhead opponents. +Throughout the war the Partisans used any weapons they could find, mostly weapons captured from the Germans, Italians, Army of the NDH, Ustaše and the Chetniks , such as the Karabiner 98k rifle, MP 40 submachine gun, MG 34 machine gun, Carcano rifles and carbines and Beretta submachine guns. +In today's world, a large number of Latin students in America learn from Wheelock's Latin: The Classic Introductory Latin Course , Based on Ancient Authors. +About 170,000 more Africans were forcibly brought over during the next five decades. +There is a direct relationship between high levels of alcohol consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease. Drinking at low levels without episodes of heavy drinking may be associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. +The British elite , the most heavily taxed of any in Europe, pointed out angrily that the colonists paid little to the royal coffers. +The first insurance company in the United States underwrote fire insurance and was formed in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1735 . +Both groups gave care the highest over-all weighting , but conservatives valued fairness the lowest, whereas liberals valued purity the lowest. +Other estimate that at the same time the population within city limits was 14,025,646 . +Oxford's earliest colleges were University College (1249), Balliol (1263) and Merton (1264) . +Born around the same time as jungle , breakcore and digital hardcore share many of the elements of drum and bass and to the uninitiated, tracks from the extreme end of drum and bass, may sound identical to breakcore thanks to speed, complexity, impact and maximum sonic density combined with musical experimentation. +At present there are a number of medical schools in the Philippines, notable examples include the University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Our Lady of Fatima University , Far Eastern University – Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation, Saint Louis University International School of Medicine, De La Salle Health Sciences Institute, University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, UERMMMC College of Medicine, St. Luke's College of Medicine–William H. Quasha Memorial, Cebu Doctors' University, Cebu Institute of Medicine, Mindanao State University College of Medicine, Southwestern University, West Visayas State University in Iloilo City, Davao Medical School Foundation in Davao City, Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan, Dr. Jose P. Rizal School of Medicine in Cagayan de Oro, Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation in San Carlos, Pangasinan, and University of Northern Philippines in Vigan. +Cassiterite (SnO2), the tin oxide form of tin, was most likely the original source of tin in ancient times. +President Barack Obama proposed the American Jobs Act in September 2011 , which included a variety of tax cuts and spending programs to stimulate job creation. + The accounting profession raised serious concerns about the use of reinsurance in which little if any actual risk was transferred, and went on to address the issue in FAS 113 , cited above. +In 2000, the county sheriff was abolished and replaced with the state marshal system , which has districts that follow the old county territories. +It won the European Cup (current Champions league) as the first Dutch club in 1970, and won the World Cup for club teams in the same year. In 1974, they were the first Dutch club to win the UEFA Cup and in 2002 , Feyenoord won the UEFA Cup again. +This is an example of the convention from enumerative combinatorics that provides notations for sets based on their cardinalities. +In March 2013 , National Committee Chairman Reince Priebus gave a stinging report on the party's failures in 2012, calling on Republicans to reinvent themselves and officially endorse immigration reform. +The sign convention used to represent this varies, but in this article a positive R indicates a surface's center of curvature is further along in the direction of the ray travel (right, in the accompanying diagrams), while negative R means that rays reaching the surface have already passed the center of curvature . +In some states, mainly in New England , they are primarily used as judicial districts. +The congestion makes Manhattan's crosstown buses the perennial "winners" of the "Pokey Awards" for slowest service in New York City . +Nevertheless, Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri argue that it was neither a matter of strictly economics nor of morals. First, because slavery was (in practice) still beneficial to capitalism, providing not only influx of capital, but also disciplining hardship into workers (a form of "apprenticeship" to the capitalist industrial plant). +Other Asian nations have equivalent terms for America, for example Vietnamese: Hoa Kỳ ("Flower Flag"). +For example, the Linnaean system of plant and animal classification was heavily influenced by Historia Naturalis, an encyclopedia of people, places, plants, animals, and things published by Pliny the Elder . +Because water droplets are more numerous than the ice crystals the crystals are able to grow to hundreds of micrometers in size at the expense of the water droplets. +These factors, along with dispersed settlements and a reluctance to live in villages, together with a growing immigration of white indentured servants and black slaves made families and communities in the Virginia-Maryland region before 1700 fundamentally different from their counterparts in Europe and New England. +.Machines before the mid 1960s—such as the UNIVAC I, the PDP-1, and the IBM 1130—typically use a calling convention which saved the instruction counter in the first memory location of the called subroutine. +This is represented on an interaction chart and is a complex non-linear relationship. +As of 2010, there were three brotherhoods in the Armenian Church – the brotherhood of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, the brotherhood of St. James at the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem and the brotherhood of the See of Cilicia . +The main cause of the rise of the Andes is the compression of the western rim of the South American Plate due to the subduction of the Nazca Plate and the Antarctic Plate . + In the same way, the points any Euclidean space of dimension n be identified with the tuples ( lists ) of n real numbers, +He entered the tidal strait now known as The Narrows aboard his ship La Dauphine and named the land around Upper New York Harbor "New Angoulême", in reference to the family name of King Francis I that was derived from Angoulême in France; he sailed far enough into the harbor to sight the Hudson River, which he referred to in his report to the French king as a "very big river"; and he named the Bay of Santa Margarita – what is now Upper New York Bay – after Marguerite de Navarre, the elder sister of the king. +The name subroutine library originally meant a library, in the literal sense, which kept indexed collections of such tapes or card decks for collective use . +The processes of decentralization redefines structures, procedures and practices of governance to be closer to the citizenry and to make them more aware of the costs and benefits; it is not merely a movement of power from the central to the local government. +Related ideas coming out of Silicon Valley included the free software and creative commons movements which produced visions of a "networked information economy" +Prominent liberal Republicans, 1936 to the 1970s, included Alf Landon, Wendell Willkie, Earl Warren, Thomas Dewey, Prescott Bush, Nelson Rockefeller, Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., George W. Romney, William Scranton, Charles Mathias, Lowell Weicker, and Jacob Javits. +The standard way of measuring rainfall or snowfall is the standard rain gauge, which can be found in 100 mm (4 in) plastic and 200 mm (8 in) metal varieties. +In the Köppen–Geiger classification system, Istanbul has a borderline Mediterranean climate (Csa), humid subtropical climate (Cfa) and oceanic climate (Cfb) , due to its location in a transitional climatic zone. +It comprises 30 teams from the United States and Canada. +However, the transition from Modernism to Postmodernism is often said to have happened at 3:32pm on 15 July in 1972 , when Pruitt Igoe; a housing development for low-income people in St. Louis designed by architect Minoru Yamasaki, which had been a prize-winning version of Le Corbusier's 'machine for modern living' was deemed uninhabitable and was torn down (Irving 1993, 480). +The HEARTH act allows for the prevention of homelessness , rapid re-housing, consolidation of housing programs, and new homeless categories. +Medical graduates are awarded a certificate in general medicine, called "Professional Doctorate in Medicine" validated by the " Ministry of health and Medical Education of Iran ". +During the British Raj, the Kingdom of Manipur was one of the princely states.[page needed] Between 1917 and 1939, the people of Manipur pressed for their rights against the British Rule. By the late 1930s, the princely state of Manipur negotiated with the British administration its preference to be part of India, rather than Burma.[page needed] These negotiations were cut short with the outbreak of World War II. +The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's 5th Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress estimated that 1.56 million people, or one in every 200 Americans, experienced homelessness and found shelter between October 1, 2008 and September 30, 2009 (p. iii). +I t is a common in Kerala and some other parts of South India that the spouse adopts her husband's first name instead of his family or surname name after marriage. +struts and ties ). +In 2011, Canada had 85,827 women players, United States had 65,609, Finland 4,760, Sweden 3,075 and Switzerland 1,172. +Within nationalist movements, there has been some tendency to feel that a nation will not survive or prosper without acknowledging one common morality, regardless of its content. +This agreement was observed by both sides until war erupted between England and The Netherlands in 1652. +Ice hockey has been played at the Winter Olympics since 1924 (and was played at the summer games in 1920). +There are six tenses in the Latin language. +Aspirin has been found to be of only modest benefit in those at low risk of heart disease as the risk of serious bleeding is almost equal to the benefit with respect to cardiovascular problems. +Rotterdam (/ˈrɒtərdæm/ or /ˌrɒtərˈdæm/; Dutch: [ˌrɔtərˈdɑm] (listen)) is a city in South Holland, the Netherlands , located geographically within the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt river delta at the North Sea. +The "foibe massacres" draw their name from the "foibe" pits in which Croatian Partisans of the 8th Dalmatian Corps (often along with groups of angry civilian locals) shot Italian fascists, and suspected collaborationists and/or separatists. +An important property of agent systems is the degree of connectivity or connectedness between the agents, a measure global flow of information or influence. +It was the Age of the Enlightenment, and ideas flowed back and forth across the Atlantic, with Philadelphian Benjamin Franklin playing a major role. +The center takes its name from a homosexual teenager who lived on the streets for much of the 1990s . +The explicit making of moral right and wrong judgments coincides with activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPC) while intuitive reactions to situations containing implicit moral issues activates the temporoparietal junction area . +Both Republican majorities in the House and Senate were held until the Democrats regained control in the mid-term elections of 2006 . +For example, the Euclidean algorithm gives a precise process to compute the greatest common divisor of two positive integers. +During this era, English proto-nationalism and national assertiveness blossomed under the threat of Spanish invasion , assisted by a degree of Protestant militarism and the energy of Queen Elizabeth. +In addition, moderate Republicans have recently held the governorships in several New England States, while Lincoln Chafee, a former moderate Republican senator is an independent-turned-Democrat former governor of Rhode Island. +The Hindu population is heavily concentrated in the Manipur valley among the Meetei people. +The conflict continued and escalated . +While not explicitly part of the U.S.'s political divisional makeup, as Associated States, the Federated States of Micronesia and Palau are divided into states (States of Micronesia and States of Palau ). +Another common example is RAM memory, which is redundant because RAM ( random-access memory ) includes the initial of the word memory. +Consequently, for external lens surfaces as diagrammed above, R1 > 0 and R2 < 0 indicate convex surfaces (used to converge light in a positive lens), while R1 < 0 and R2 > 0 indicate concave surfaces . +In Brazil slavery itself however did not end until 1888 , which was the last country in the Americas to end involuntary servitude. +Prominent liberal Republicans, 1936 to the 1970s, included Alf Landon, Wendell Willkie, Earl Warren, Thomas Dewey, Prescott Bush, Nelson Rockefeller , Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., George W. Romney, William Scranton, Charles Mathias, Lowell Weicker, and Jacob Javits. +As a means to destabilise Russia on the Eastern Front, Germany's High Command allowed Lenin to travel across Germany and German-held territory into Russia in April 1917, anticipating him partaking in revolutionary activity. +These rankings reflect the statistics that each year Pitt spends more than $1.7 billion in the community and supports nearly 33,800 jobs in Allegheny County. +They are also often called proofs , but are completely formalized unlike natural-language mathematical proofs. +The continued existence of a group may depend on widespread conformity to codes of morality; an inability to adjust moral codes in response to new challenges is sometimes credited with the demise of a community (a positive example would be the function of Cistercian reform in reviving monasticism; a negative example would be the role of the Dowager Empress in the subjugation of China to European interests). +The C melody enjoyed some success in the late 1920s and early 1930s as a parlor instrument. + Moral self-licensing attempts to explain this phenomenon and proposes that self-image security increases our likelihood to engage in immoral behaviour. +The Interior Department has a wide range of responsibilities (which include the regulation of territorial governments, the basic responsibilities for public lands, and other various duties). +High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths , while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. +The first major settlements were established in the 1630s by England. +As the genre became generally more polished and sophisticated technically, it began to expand its reach from pirate radio to commercial stations and gain widespread acceptance (circa 1995–1997 ) +Lake Titicaca hosts several endemics, among them the highly endangered Titicaca flightless grebe and Titicaca water frog . +Prior to the 2005–06 NHL season, play was stopped when a pass from inside a team's defending zone crossed the centre line, with a face-off held in the defending zone of the offending team. +Once past menopause , it has been argued that a woman's risk is similar to a man's although more recent data from the WHO and UN disputes this. +The socialist state, representing a "dictatorship of the proletariat " (as opposed to that of the bourgeoisie) is governed by the party of the revolutionary vanguard through the process of democratic centralism, which Vladimir Lenin described as "diversity in discussion, unity in action." +Unrest and eventual collapse of communism also occurred in Yugoslavia , though for different reasons than those of the Warsaw Pact. +The language for both the keyboard and the interface can be changed through the Region and Language Control Panel. +This type of system is called an afocal system , since it produces no net convergence or divergence of the beam. +In order to stem the tide, education and awareness that cardiovascular disease poses the greatest threat, and measures to prevent or reverse this disease must be taken. +Decentralization in government, the topic most studied, has been seen as a solution to problems like economic decline, government inability to fund services and their general decline in performance of overloaded services, the demands of minorities for a greater say in local governance, the general weakening legitimacy of the public sector and global and international pressure on countries with inefficient, undemocratic, overly centralized systems. +When Eva Duarte married Juan Domingo Perón, she could be addressed as Eva Duarte de Perón, but the preferred style was Eva Perón, or the familiar and affectionate Evita ( little Eva ) +Mechanisms of producing precipitation include convective, stratiform, and orographic rainfall . +Lenses are used as prosthetics for the correction of visual impairments such as myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, and astigmatism . +Decorative reliefs in plaster or stucco may be much larger; this form of architectural decoration is found in many styles of interiors in the post-Renaissance West, and in Islamic architecture . +Carlow University is just west of campus, adjacent to the University's medical center complexes. +In 1825, John Franklin wrote "The game of hockey played on the ice was the morning sport" on Great Bear Lake during one of his Arctic expeditions. +No record exists of the first calculations of the strength of structural members or the behavior of structural material, but the profession of structural engineer only really took shape with the Industrial Revolution and the re-invention of concrete (see History of Concrete). +This book, first published in 1956, was written by Frederic M. Wheelock, who received a PhD from Harvard University . +Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). +Lenses in which both spherical aberration and coma are minimised are called bestform lenses. +During the Classical period, long vowels, except for ⟨I⟩ , were frequently marked using the apex, which was sometimes similar to an acute accent ⟨Á É Ó V́ Ý⟩. Long /iː/ was written using a taller version of ⟨I⟩, called i longa "long I": ⟨ꟾ⟩. In modern texts, long vowels are often indicated by a macron ⟨ā ē ī ō ū⟩, and short vowels are usually unmarked, except when necessary to distinguish between words, in which case they are marked with a breve: ⟨ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ⟩. +They fled England and in America attempted to create a "nation of saints" or a "City upon a Hill": an intensely religious, thoroughly righteous community designed to be an example for all of Europe. +President Dwight D. Eisenhower issued the first proclamation on March 1, 1954 , standardizing the dates and time periods for flying the flag at half-staff from all federal buildings, grounds, and naval vessels; other congressional resolutions and presidential proclamations ensued. +The major virtues they identified include wisdom / knowledge ; courage; humanity; justice; temperance; and transcendence. +In 1907 Eben Appleton , New York stockbroker and grandson of Lieutenant Colonel George Armistead.(the commander of Fort McHenry during the 1814 bombardment) lent the Star Spangled Banner Flag to the Smithsonian Institution, and in 1912 he converted the loan to a gift. +With some of these specious expansions, the "belief" that the etymology is acronymic has clearly been tongue-in-cheek among many citers, as with "gentlemen only, ladies forbidden" for golf , although many other (more credulous) people have uncritically taken it for fact. +More experienced engineers may be responsible for the structural design and integrity of an entire system, such as a building. +Croatian Partisans were integral to overall Yugoslav Partisans; by the end of 1943 Croatia proper, with 24% of the Yugoslav population, provided more Partisans than Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia and Macedonia combined which collectively accounted for 59% of the Yugoslav population. +It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times, before the Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold and the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate. +The specific point at 18° S where the coastline bends is known as the "Arica Elbow". Further south lies the Maipo Orocline or Maipo Transition Zone located between 30° S and 38°S in the with a break in trend at 33° S. Near the southern tip of the Andes lies the Patagonian orocline. +The CHP are generally strongest in the west , where newer residential developments are taking place. +When dissolving a lipophilic or amphiphilic substance in a polar environment, the polar molecules (i.e., water in an aqueous solution) become more ordered around the dissolved lipophilic substance , since the polar molecules cannot form hydrogen bonds to the lipophilic areas of the amphiphile. +Whereas first-wave feminism focused mainly on suffrage and overturning legal obstacles to gender equality (e.g.., voting rights, property rights), second-wave feminism broadened the debate to a wide range of issues: sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive rights, de facto inequalities, and official legal inequalities. +All varsity sports teams compete as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) since the 2013-14 season, with the exception of the gymnastics team competing in the East Atlantic Gymnastics League (EAGL) +The first stock insurance company formed in the United States was the Insurance Company of North America in 1792 . +The Yugoslav National Liberation Movement claimed 6,000,000 civilian supporters; its two million women formed the Antifascist Front of Women (AFŽ), in which the revolutionary coexisted with the traditional. + Local climates vary considerably on each island due to their topography, divisible into windward (Koʻolau) and leeward (Kona) regions based upon location relative to the higher mountains. + The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) Dashnaktsutyun social democratic political party that had dominated the independent Republic of Armenia from 1918 to 1920 and was active in the diaspora, saw the Church and clergy, with its worldwide headquarters at the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin in the Soviet Republic of Armenia, as a captive Communist puppet, and accused its clergy in the US as unduly influenced by Communists, particularly as the clergy were reluctant to participate in nationalist events and memorials that could be perceived as anti-Soviet . +Marx ism–Leninism as a philosophy and a political movement has been criticised over the years from widely different ideological currents, due to its relations with Stalinism, the Soviet Union, state repression in Marxist–Leninist run states and classical Marxism. +Many polyketides are cyclic molecules whose backbones are often further modified by glycosylation, methylation, hydroxylation, oxidation, and/or other processes . +In response to the October Revolution, communist revolution broke out in Germany and Hungary from 1918 to 1920, involving creation of the Bavarian Soviet Republic, the failed Spartacist uprising in Berlin in 1919, and the creation of the Hungarian Soviet Republic. +More specifically, the status of "major party" is usually reconfirmed every four years, as belonging to the two parties that polled best, statewide, in the gubernatorial column; this status includes the benefit of appearing in one of the top two rows on the ballot provided the party has at least one candidate on the ballot. +For example, in computer science, many situations can be modeled as a directed graph of states ( nodes ) and connections (directed edges). +The lines are commonly referred to as the x- and y-axes where the x-axis is taken to be horizontal and the y-axis is taken to be vertical. +Upon Stalin attaining power, Bolshevism became associated with Stalinism, whose policies included: rapid industrialisation, Socialism in One Country, a centralised state, the collectivisation of agriculture , and the subordination of interests of other communist parties to those of the Soviet party. +.Taiwan’s medical education began in 1897 and is over 100 years old now. +However, party members believed that Stalin had improved his reputation in 1923 and ignored Lenin's order . +Oglethorpe decided to establish a colony in the contested border region of Georgia and populate it with debtors who would otherwise have been imprisoned according to standard British practice. +In tournament play, as well as in the NHL playoffs, North Americans favour sudden death overtime, in which the teams continue to play twenty-minute periods until a goal is scored. +Every new doctor must then proceed to a Diploma of Specialised Studies (Diplôme d'Etudes Spécialisées or DES) to mark their specialty. +The present location of the Bowery Mission at 227–229 Bowery dates to 1909 when an abandoned coffin factory was converted to a mission. +Most modern implementations use a call stack, a special case of the stack data structure , to implement subroutine calls and returns. +Tin in combination with other elements forms a wide variety of useful alloys. + The soprano saxophone was popularized by Sidney Bechet in early jazz, but then largely fell out of favor on the jazz scene until John Coltrane began to feature the instrument.[citation needed] Popular smooth jazz/contemporary pop musician Kenny G also features the soprano sax as his principal instrument. +The Silahtarağa Power Station, a coal-fired power plant along the Golden Horn, was the sole source of Istanbul's electricity between 1914 , when its first engine room was completed, and 1952. +Muir successfully lobbied for the protection of the rest of Yosemite National Park: Congress created an Act to protect the park in 1890 . +The morphology, molecular identity , and physiological characteristics of neurons and how they relate to different types of behavior are also of considerable interest. + Although four- and higher-dimensional spaces are difficult to visualize, the algebra of Cartesian coordinates can be extended relatively easily to four or more variables , so that certain calculations involving many variables can be done. +Finds of large quantities of seeds and a grinding stone at the paleolithic site of Ohalo II in the vicinity of the Sea of Galilee , dated to around 19,400 BP has shown some of the earliest evidence for advanced planning of plant food consumption and suggests that humans at Ohalo II processed the grain before consumption. +New deposits are reported to be in southern Mongolia, and in 2009 , new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia, by the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS. +At rest some of the holes stand open and others are closed. +In India , surnames are placed as last names or before first names, which often denote: village of origin, caste, clan, office of authority their ancestors held, or trades of their ancestors. +Some cities are consolidated with, and coterminous with, their counties, including Philadelphia, Honolulu, San Francisco, Nashville, and Denver—that is to say, these counties consist in their entirety of a single municipality the government of which also operates as the county government. +But since Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo were launched and landed vertically and were not capable of horizontal atmospheric flight as the Space Shuttle did on its landing approach, the "streaming" convention was not followed and these flags were oriented with the stripes running horizontally, perpendicular to the direction of flight. +Punched tin-plated steel, also called pierced tin , is an artisan technique originating in central Europe for creating housewares that are both functional and decorative. +Second-wave feminism also drew attention to domestic violence and marital rape issues, establishment of rape crisis and battered women's shelters, and changes in custody and divorce law. Its major effort was the attempted passage of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the United States Constitution, in which they were defeated by anti-feminists led by Phyllis Schlafly, who argued as an anti-ERA view that the ERA meant women would be drafted into the military. +It was there that in 1139 Geoffrey of Monmouth wrote his History of the Kings of Britain, a compilation of Arthurian legends. +The party's founding members chose the name "Republican Party" in the mid-1850s as homage to the values of republicanism promoted by Thomas Jefferson 's +In response to the October Revolution, communist revolution broke out in Germany and Hungary from 1918 to 1920, involving creation of the Bavarian Soviet Republic, the failed Spartacist uprising in Berlin in 1919 , and the creation of the Hungarian Soviet Republic. +Socially, the colonial elite of Boston, New York, Charleston , and Philadelphia saw their identity as British. +The newspaper's foreign coverage has been especially strong, and its reporters, Marie Colvin, Jon Swain, Hala Jaber, Mark Franchetti and Christina Lamb have dominated the Foreign Reporter of the Year category at the British Press Awards since 2000.[citation needed] Marie Colvin, who worked for the paper from 1985, was killed in February 2012 by Syrian forces while covering the siege of Homs during that country's civil war. +Other types of gauges include the popular wedge gauge (the cheapest rain gauge and most fragile), the tipping bucket rain gauge, and the weighing rain gauge. +In 2013 Navasard Ktchoyan, the Archbishop of the Araratian Diocese and Prime Minister Tigran Sargsyan were alleged to have been partners with a businessman charged with laundering US$10.7 million bank loan and then depositing most of it in accounts he controlled in Cyprus. +Interface languages for the operating system are free for download , but some languages are limited to certain editions of Windows. +The standard way of measuring rainfall or snowfall is the standard rain gauge, which can be found in 100 mm (4 in) plastic and 200 mm (8 in) metal varieties. +Most studies in neurology have too few test subjects to be scientifically sure. +Hence f is only a partial function from the real line to the real line. +An estimated 50,000 trees fell onto roadways. +Though it is widely accepted that the movement lasted from the 1960s into the early 1980s, the exact years of the movement are more difficult to pinpoint and are often disputed . +Other than UNLF, PLA and PREPAK , Manipuri insurgent groups include Revolutionary Peoples Front (RPF), Manipur Liberation Front Army (MLFA), Kanglei Yawol Khnna Lup (KYKL), Revolutionary Joint Committee (RJC), Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP), Peoples United Liberation Front (PULF), National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN-K), National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN-I/M), Kuki National Front (KNF), Kuki National Army (KNA), Kuki Defence Force (KDF), Kuki Democratic Movement (KDM), Kuki National Organisation (KNO), Kuki Security Force (KSF), Chin Kuki Revolutionary Front (CKRF), Kom Rem Peoples Convention (KRPC), Zomi Revolutionary Volunteers (ZRV), Zomi Revolutionary Army (ZRA), Zomi Reunification Organisation (ZRO), and Hmar Peoples Convention (HPC). +At its peak during World War II, the Yugoslav Partisans' Navy commanded 9 or 10 armed ships, 30 patrol boats, close to 200 support ships, six coastal batteries, and several Partisan detachments on the islands, around 3,000 men.[citation needed] On 26 October 1943, it was organized first into four, and later into six, Maritime Coastal Sectors (Pomorsko Obalni Sektor, POS). +If a fe male has diabetes, she is more likely to develop heart disease than a male with diabetes. +Although the ice is clear, scattering of light by the crystal facets and hollows/imperfections mean that the crystals often appear white in color due to diffuse reflection of the whole spectrum of light by the small ice particles. + However, if the sub-freezing layer beneath the warm layer is too small, the precipitation will not have time to re-freeze, and freezing rain will be the result at the surface. +The practical sciences were of great interest to colonial Americans , who were engaged in the process of taming and settling a wild frontier country. +Christopher Boehm (1982) has hypothesized that the incremental development of moral complexity throughout hominid evolution was due to the increasing need to avoid disputes and injuries in moving to open savanna and developing stone weapons. +Veritas was the goddess of truth, a daughter of Saturn, and the mother of Virtue. +The campus has won multiple Green Star Awards from the Professional Grounds Management Society . +In Germany, admission to medical schools is currently administered jointly by the Stiftung für Hochschulzulassung ( SfH ), a centralized federal organization, and the universities themselves. +Central Park is bordered on the north by West 110th Street , on the west by Eighth Avenue, on the south by West 59th Street, and on the east by Fifth Avenue. +Arts, Music, Film and Cultural festivals were established at the end of the 20th century and continue to be hosted by the city today, and infrastructure improvements have produced a complex transportation network. +African women entered the colony as early as 1619 , although their status: free, slave or indentured servant remains a historical debate. +These first kidnapped Africans were classed as indentured servants and freed after seven years . +The Redding encampment allowed Putnam's soldiers to guard the replenished supply depot in Danbury and support any operations along Long Island Sound and the Hudson River Valley. +A total of 132 Allied prisoners of war were rescued from the Germans by the Partisans in a single operation in August 1944 in what is known as the Raid at Ožbalt . +Though it is widely accepted that the movement lasted from the 1960s into the early 1980s, the exact years of the movement are more difficult to pinpoint and are often disputed . +Control of this transmission, and other radio stations established in the following decades, ultimately came under the state-run Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT), which held a monopoly on radio and television broadcasts between its founding in 1964 and 1990. +Due to the typical structure of the atmosphere, cloud-top temperatures are approximately inversely related to cloud-top heights, meaning colder clouds almost always occur at higher altitudes. +Polyprenols and their phosphorylated derivatives also play important transport roles, in this case the transport of oligosaccharides across membranes. +Women had a higher relative risk (RR) (1.42) for PM2.5 induced coronary artery disease than men (0.90) did. +Spring and autumn are mild, but often wet and unpredictable; chilly winds from the northwest and warm gusts from the south —sometimes in the same day—tend to cause fluctuations in temperature. +Of these eight compounds, only the iodides are colored. +The changes abolished group voting tickets and introduced optional preferential voting, along with party logos on the ballot paper. +The invention of Cartesian coordinates in the 17th century by René Descartes (Latinized name: Cartesius) revolutionized mathematics by providing the first systematic link between Euclidean geometry and algebra. +Employment fell from 138.0 million at peak employment in January 2008 to the trough of 129.2 million in February 2010, a decline of 8.8 million jobs or 6.4% of the workforce. +A nascent telephone system began to emerge in Istanbul in 1881 and after the first manual telephone exchange became operational in Istanbul in 1909 , the Ministry of Post and Telegraph became the Ministry of Post, Telegraph, and Telephone. +The foremost intellectuals were Dwight and Noah Webster , who compiled his great dictionary in New Haven. +The lands on the Baltic's eastern shore were among the last in Europe to be converted to Christianity. +The settlement at the lower end of the fen stream Rotte (or Rotta, as it was then known, from rot, 'muddy' and a, 'water', thus 'muddy water' ) dates from at least 900 CE. +The Baltic Sea is the main trade route for export of Russian petroleum. Many of the countries neighboring the Baltic Sea have been concerned about this, since a major oil leak in a seagoing tanker would be disastrous for the Baltic—given the slow exchange of water. +Since the 1970s there has been deregulation of some industries, like banking, trucking, airlines and telecommunications which resulted generally in more competition and lower prices.[citation needed] According to Cato Institute, an American libertarian think-tank, some industries deregulation of aspects of an industry were offset by more ambitious regulations elsewhere that hurt consumers, the electricity industry being a prime example. +The B.A.M.S, B.U.M.S, and B.S.M.S are 6-year degree (including internship) courses accepted by the University Grants Commission (Sri Lanka). +The University of Pittsburgh's main campus contains four contiguous sections: upper (sports complexes, residence halls); mid (Benedum, Chevron, Allen and Thaw Halls); lower (Cathedral of Learning, Union, Posvar Hall); and on the west end of campus, the medical center complex. +The frequencies in use range from about 10 gigahertz to a few hundred GHz. Channels up to about 37 GHz primarily provide information on the liquid hydrometeors (rain and drizzle) in the lower parts of clouds, with larger amounts of liquid emitting higher amounts of microwave radiant energy. +Because of the ways in which programs were usually assembled from libraries, it was (and still is) not uncommon to find programs that include thousands of subroutines, of which only a handful are active at any given moment.[citation needed] For such programs, the call stack mechanism could save significant amounts of memory. Indeed, the call stack mechanism can be viewed as the earliest and simplest method for automatic memory management. +Eclecticism and freedom of expression , in reaction to the rigidity and aesthetic limitations of modernism, are the hallmarks of the postmodern influence in musical composition. +Alternative sources of labour, such as indentured servitude, failed to provide a sufficient workforce . +Its first building was erected in 1678–1683 to house a cabinet of curiosities given to the University of Oxford in 1677. +The hunter-gatherers ' diet was more varied and balanced than what agriculture later allowed. +a renegade militia and produces 15,000 tonnes. +Its commercial and historical center lies on the European side and about a third of its population lives on the Asian side.. The city is the administrative center of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (coterminous with Istanbul Province) , both hosting a population of around 14 million residents. +Further if a subtype can be defined for the reals, to separate positive and negative reals, two functions can be written for the reals, one to return a real when the parameter is positive, and another to return a complex value when the parameter is negative . +Along İstiklal Avenue is the Çiçek Pasajı, now home to winehouses (known as meyhanes), pubs, and restaurants. +Each Armenian celibate priest becomes a member of the brotherhood in which he has studied and ordained in or under the jurisdiction of which he has served . +Graduates receive their license to practice medicine and the professional title of physician ( Arzt ). +Third-conjugation stems end in a consonant : the consonant conjugation. +The genre has influenced many other genres like hip hop, big beat, dubstep, house music, trip hop, ambient music, techno, rock and pop, with artists such as Bill Laswell, Incubus, Pitchshifter, Linkin Park , The Roots, Talvin Singh, MIDIval Punditz, Missy Elliott, The Freestylers, Bowery Electric, Nine Inch Nails, David Bowie (the last two both using elements of Goldie's "Timeless")[citation needed] and others quoting drum and bass and using drum and bass techniques and elements. +Lipids may be broadly defined as hydrophobic or amphiphilic small molecules; the amphiphilic nature of some lipids allows them to form structures such as vesicles, multilamellar/unilamellar liposomes, or membranes in an aqueous environment. +Freedom of religion became a basic American principle, and numerous new movements emerged, many of which became established denominations in their own right. +Reversing the order of names for the same reason is also customary for the Baltic Fennic peoples and the Hungarians, but other Uralic peoples traditionally did not have surnames, perhaps because of the clan structure of their societies . +In the IBM CICS transaction processing system, quasi-reentrant was a slightly less restrictive , but similar, requirement for application programs that were shared by many threads. +Turkish citizens are entitled to subsidized healthcare in the nation's state-run hospitals . +A 2013 meta analysis concludes that substitution with omega 6 linoleic acid (a type of unsaturated fat) may increase cardiovascular risk. +Other surnames which started off as compounds of two or more surnames, but which merged into one single word, also exist. +The origin of stannum/stāgnum is unknown ; it may be pre-Indo-European. +In some cultures, including those of most Western countries, the surname or family name ("last name") is placed after the personal or given name ("first name"). +Although surplus line insurers are still regulated by the states in which they are actually admitted , the disadvantages of obtaining insurance from a surplus line insurer are that the policy will usually be written on a nonstandard form (that is, not from the Insurance Services Office), and if the insurer collapses, its insureds in states in which it is nonadmitted will not enjoy certain types of protection available to insureds in states in which the insurer is admitted. +It was released on July 29, 2015 , +A reported 113,552 people slept in the city's emergency shelters last year, including over 40,000 children; marking an 8 percent increase from the previous year and a 37 percent increase from 2002. +A total of 132 Allied prisoners of war were rescued from the Germans by the Partisans in a single operation in August 1944 in what is known as the Raid at Ožbalt. +This social upper echelon built its mansions in the Georgian style, copied the furniture designs of Thomas Chippendale, and participated in the intellectual currents of Europe, such as the Enlightenment . +The lowest ranking cause, cited by five mayors, was prisoner reentry . +The movement is usually believed to have begun in 1963, when "Mother of the Movement" Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique, and President John F. Kennedy's Presidential Commission on the Status of Women released its report on gender inequality . +The Naxalite–Maoist insurgency has continued between the governments of India and Bangladesh against various Marxist–Leninist movements, having been unabated since the 1960s . +Social developments in the Soviet Union from 1929 to 1941 included the relinquishment of the relaxed social control and allowance of experimentation under Lenin to Stalin's promotion of a rigid and authoritarian society based upon discipline – mixing traditional Russian values with Stalin's interpretation of Marxism. +The niobium-tin compound Nb3Sn is commercially used as wires for superconducting magnets, due to the material's high critical temperature (18 K) and critical magnetic field (25 T). +On 29 May 1453, after an eight-week siege (during which the last Roman emperor, Constantine XI, was killed), Sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror" captured Constantinople and declared it the new capital of the Ottoman Empire. +This degree typically requires between four and six years of study and clinical training, and is equivalent to the North American MD degree. +paternal ) surname, and Zapatero as his second (i.e. maternal) surname. +The combination of additional quantifiers and the full semantics for these quantifiers makes higher-order logic stronger than first-order logic. +High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5% . +In men, this increase levels off around age 45 to 50 years. +After 6 years, students graduate as Basisartsen (comparable to Doctors of Medicine). +Compound surnames in English and several other European cultures feature two (or occasionally more) words, often joined by a hyphen or hyphens. +The status of the Armenian Apostolic Church within the Republic of Armenia is defined in the country's constitution . +Blues artists like Lead Belly, Robert Johnson, Charlie Patton, Muddy Waters and B.B King have also been cited by producers as inspirations. +Although journalists at The Times had been on full pay during the suspension , they went on strike demanding more money after production was resumed. +Before the modern era , in some areas of the Alps, a goat or sheep's horn would be sharpened and a tin panel would be punched out using the alphabet and numbers from one to nine. +It also may control most private land through land-use, zoning, environmental and other regulations . +"E-Week" is a spring celebration organized by the Engineer Student Council for a week-long series of activities and competitions to demonstrate engineering skills and foster a spirit of camaraderie. +This plan would both rid Great Britain of its undesirable elements and provide her with a base from which to attack Florida . +The United States Hockey League (USHL) welcomed the first female professional hockey player in 1969–70 , when the Marquette Iron Rangers signed Karen Koch. +Until British supplies began to arrive in appreciable quantities in 1944 , the occupiers were the only source of arms. +Window glass is most often made by floating molten glass on top of molten tin (creating float glass) in order to produce a flat surface. +At one stage the trade was the monopoly of the Royal Africa Company, operating out of London . +The IIHF holds a IIHF World Women's Championship tournament annually except in Olympic years. +Areas around İstiklal Avenue were filled with grand European embassies and rows of buildings in Neoclassical, Renaissance Revival and Art Nouveau styles , which went on to influence the architecture of a variety of structures in Beyoğlu—including churches, stores, and theaters—and official buildings such as Dolmabahçe Palace. +In the dissenting opinions, Justices Harry A. Blackmun, Warren E. Burger, Lewis F. Powell, Jr., and William H. Rehnquist suggested that the result of this ruling would be the elimination of publicly supported single-sex educational opportunities . +They planted nutritious English grass such as red clover and timothy-grass , which provided more feed for livestock, and potatoes, which provided a high production rate that was an advantage for small farms. +Top-down decentralization may be motivated by the desire to “ shift deficits downwards ” and find more resources to pay for services or pay off government debt. +In other words, for every x in X there is exactly one element y such that the ordered pair (x, y) is contained in the subset defining the function f. +A tinplate canister for preserving food was first manufactured in London in 1812. Speakers of British English call them "tins", while speakers of American English call them "cans" or "tin cans". +Classical saxophone quartets include Quatuor Habanera, the h2 quartet, Raschèr Saxophone Quartet, the Aurelia Saxophone Quartet, the New Century Saxophone Quartet, and others. +A March 2011 Gallup poll reported: "One in four Americans say the best way to create more jobs in the U.S. is to keep manufacturing in this country and stop sending work overseas. +.Subroutines could be implemented, but they required programmers to use the call sequence— a series of instructions —at each call site. +Istanbul is situated near the North Anatolian Fault, close to the boundary between the African and Eurasian Plates . +Even now fishermen accidentally retrieve some of these materials: the most recent available report from the Helsinki Commission notes that four small scale catches of chemical munitions representing approximately 105 kg (231 lb) of material were reported in 2005. +Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool and the optional Microsoft Safety Scanner are two other free security products offered by Microsoft. +Not only does this avoid the call overhead, but it also allows the compiler to optimize the procedure's body more effectively by taking into account the context and arguments at that call. The inserted body can be optimized by the compiler. +Murdoch's News International acquired the group in February 1981 . +Currently, PM2.5 is the major focus, in which gradients are used to determine CVD risk. +It is common to divide the symbols of the alphabet into logical symbols, which always have the same meaning, and non-logical symbols, whose meaning varies by interpretation . +Rivers draining the eastern part of the state, the Yu River Basin, include the Chamu, Khunou and other short streams. [citation needed] +Most modern implementations use a call stack, a special case of the stack data structure, to implement subroutine calls and returns . +In 1664, the English conquered New Netherland and renamed it " New York " after the English Duke of York and Albany, the future King James II. +However, this is still a well-defined function . +As the name subprogram suggests, a subroutine behaves in much the same way as a computer program that is used as one step in a larger program or another subprogram. +Samanyolu TV, Kanal D, and ATV are other stations in Istanbul that offer a mix of news and series; NTV (partnered with U.S. media outlet MSNBC ) +Turabian would therefore prefer " DVDs " and "URLs" and "Ph.D.'s", while the Modern Language Association explicitly says, "do not use an apostrophe to form the plural of an abbreviation". +London pirate radio stations have been instrumental in the development of Drum and Bass, with stations such as Kool FM (which continues to broadcast today having done so since 1991), Origin FM, Don FM (the only Drum and Bass pirate to have gained a temporary legal license), Renegade Radio 107.2FM, Rude FM, Wax Fm and Eruption among the most influential. +Former House Speaker Newt Gingrich has remarked that the "Party is going to be torn on this issue" with some constituents "going to flake off". +Human Rights Watch (2010) identified emancipated teenagers in California as a new homeless population. +Rotterdam was gradually rebuilt from the 1950s through to the 1970s. + The first Africans imported to the English colonies were classified as " indentured servants ", like workers coming from England, and also as "apprentices for life". +The medical education in Taiwan is usually 7 years (6-year learning plus 1-year internship) in duration, starting right after high schools. +Prior to obtaining independent practicing license from a provincial regulatory body, students must complete the Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination to obtain the Licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada (LMCC) qualifications. +Nieuw-Nederland , or New Netherland, chartered in 1614, was a colonial province of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands in what became New York State, New Jersey, and parts of other neighboring states. + Sometimes this is due to obvious negligence, as in the case of the Pétionville school collapse, in which Rev. Fortin Augustin "constructed the building all by himself, saying he didn't need an engineer as he had good knowledge of construction" following a partial collapse of the three -story schoolhouse that sent neighbors fleeing. +Tin extraction and use can be dated to the beginnings of the Bronze Age around 3000 BC , when it was observed that copper objects formed of polymetallic ores with different metal contents had different physical properties. +Its function is typically to ensure a reliable supply of essential resources, especially for animals living in a habitat where food quantity or quality fluctuates unpredictably . +The output of a function f corresponding to an input x is denoted by f(x) (read "f of x"). +Smartphones have greatly increased the role of decentralized social network services in daily lives worldwide. +The postmodern impulse in classical music arose in the 1960s with the advent of musical minimalism. +As of 2013[update] about 58% of registered voters are enrolled (about 1% total in 18 third parties minor parties), and ratios among unaffiliated voters and the two major parties are about 8 unaffiliated for every 7 in the Democratic Party of Connecticut and for every 4 in the Connecticut Republican Party. +Federal Hall was also the site of where the United States Supreme Court met for the first time, the United States Bill of Rights were drafted and ratified, and where the Northwest Ordinance was adopted, establishing measures for adding new states to the Union. +Voters who attend church weekly gave 61% of their votes to Bush in 2004; those who attend occasionally gave him only 47%, while those who never attend gave him 36%. +Tell Aswad is oldest site of agriculture with domesticated emmer wheat dated by Willem van Zeist and his assistant Johanna Bakker-Heeres to 8800 BC. +Only by holding a Medical Title can the postgraduate student apply for the Doctor degree through a Doctorate in Medicine program approved by the National Commission for University Evaluation and Accreditation. +None of the colonies had stable political parties of the sort that formed in the 1790s, but each had shifting factions that vied for power, especially in the perennial battles between the appointed governor and the elected assembly. +A court has delayed the cut until May 2011 because there was doubt over the legality of cancelling the city's commitment. +In many early computers, the program instructions were entered into memory from a punched paper tape . +The flag resolution appears between other resolutions from the Marine Committee . +German artisans created intricate carved designs on their chests and other furniture with painted scenes of flowers and birds. +Using cut stone to build their houses, German and Welsh settlers in Pennsylvania followed the way of their homeland and completely ignored the plethora of timber in the area. +Manhattan is the economic engine of New York City, with its 2.3 million workers in 2007 drawn from the entire New York metropolitan area accounting for almost two-thirds of all jobs in New York City. +Despite that, many authors drop the specification of the domain and codomain , especially if these are clear from the context. +During 2009, the minimum wage was $7.25 per hour, or $15,000 per year, below poverty level for some families. +They adopt tetrahedral geometry . +Economic historian Stanley Engerman finds that even without subtracting the associated costs of the slave trade (e.g., shipping costs, slave mortality, mortality of British people in Africa, defense costs) or reinvestment of profits back into the slave trade, the total profits from the slave trade and of West Indian plantations amounted to less than 5% of the British economy during any year of the Industrial Revolution. +Some Republicans support increased oil drilling in protected areas such as the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge , a position that has drawn criticism from activists. +Unlike yeoman farmhouses, these merchants resembled the lifestyle of that of the upper class of England living in elegant ​2 1⁄2-story houses designed the new Georgian style. +Manhattan has many energy-efficient green office buildings , such as the Hearst Tower, the rebuilt 7 World Trade Center, and the Bank of America Tower—the first skyscraper designed to attain a Platinum LEED Certification. +In computer programming, a subroutine is a sequence of program instructions that perform a specific task, packaged as a unit. +In fact, tin was one of the first superconductors to be studied; the Meissner effect , one of the characteristic features of superconductors, was first discovered in superconducting tin crystals. +To obtain exactly zero optical power, a meniscus lens must have slightly unequal curvatures to account for the effect of the lens' thickness. +Texas, California and Florida have the highest numbers of unaccompanied homeless youth under the age of 18; comprising 58% of the total homeless under 18 youth population +The New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, called the New Haven or "The Consolidated," became the dominant Connecticut railroad company after 1872. +Approximately 100,000 km2 (38,610 sq mi ) of the Baltic's seafloor (a quarter of its total area) is a variable dead zone. +The match was won by the Oxford Dark Blues , 6–0; the first photographs and team lists date from 1895. +Pinching is when a defencemen pressures the opposition's winger in the offensive zone when they are breaking out, attempting to stop their attack and keep the puck in the offensive zone. +'Rotterdam' is divided into a northern and a southern part by the river Nieuwe Maas , connected by (from west to east): the Beneluxtunnel; the Maastunnel; the Erasmusbrug ('Erasmus Bridge'); a subway tunnel; the Willemsspoortunnel ('Willems railway tunnel'); the Willemsbrug ('Willems Bridge'); the Koninginnebrug ('Queen's Bridge'); and the Van Brienenoordbrug ('Van Brienenoord Bridge'). +In 2000, the National Alliance to End Homelessness released "A Plan, Not a Dream: How to End Homelessness in Ten Years" which encouraged communities to develop and implement 10-year plans to end homelessness in their communities. +Alternatively, following TMS to the RTPJ, moral judgments might be made via an abnormal processing route that does not take belief into account. +The glycerophospholipids are amphipathic molecules (containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions) that contain a glycerol core linked to two fatty acid-derived "tails" by ester linkages and to one "head" group by a phosphate ester linkage.[citation needed] While glycerophospholipids are the major component of biological membranes, other non-glyceride lipid components such as sphingomyelin and sterols (mainly cholesterol in animal cell membranes) are also found in biological membranes. +They found that self-described Democrats had a +8 advantage over Republicans among college graduates, +14 of all post-graduates polled. +This was connected to another distinction: slavery in West Africa was not reserved for racial or religious minorities, as it was in European colonies, although the case was otherwise in places such as Somalia, where Bantus were taken as slaves for the ethnic Somalis. +While state governments within the United States may enact their own laws and prosecute crimes pursuant thereto, they are not sovereign in the Westphalian sense in international law which says that each State has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs, to the exclusion of all external powers, on the principle of non-interference in another State's domestic affairs, and that each State (no matter how large or small) is equal in international law. +The governing body for United States amateur hockey has implemented many new rules to reduce the number of stick-on-body occurrences, as well as other detrimental and illegal facets of the game ("zero tolerance"). +In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was appointed as the last Dutch Director General of the colony. +This contrasts with the Dutch approach, in which graduates are literally 'basic doctors' (basisartsen) who have yet to decide on a specialty. +Many common family names in other Scandinavian countries are a result of this naming practice, such as Hansen (son of Hans), Johansen (son of Johan) and Olsen (son of Ole/Ola), the three most common surnames in Norway. +In the late 1980s and early 1990s, a growing nightclub and overnight outdoor event culture gave birth to a new electronic music style called rave music , which, much like hip-hop, combined sampled syncopated beats or breakbeats, other samples from a wide range of different musical genres and, occasionally, samples of music, dialogue and effects from films and television programmes. +Phil Zuckerman's 2008 book, Society without God, notes that Denmark and Sweden , "which are probably the least religious countries in the world, and possibly in the history of the world", enjoy "among the lowest violent crime rates in the world [and] the lowest levels of corruption in the world".[c] +By her family's own admission, Ross ran an upholstery business, and she had never made a flag as of the supposed visit in June 1776 . +In 1526 , the Portuguese completed the first transatlantic slave voyage from Africa to the Americas, and other countries soon followed. +. Xbox One's system also allows backward compatibility with Xbox 360, and the Xbox 360's system is backwards compatible with the original Xbox. +The tin whistle is so called because it was first mass-produced in tin-plated steel . + When air turbulence occurs, water droplets collide, producing larger droplets . +Other divisions include the federal district, insular areas administered by the Federal government, and American Indian reservations. + In different programming languages, a subroutine may be called a procedure , a function, a routine, a method, or a subprogram. +Convex lenses produce an image of an object at infinity at their focus; if the sun is imaged, much of the visible and infrared light incident on the lens is concentrated into the small image. +By the middle of the 18th century, New England's way of life was threatened by overpopulation , going from about 100,000 people in 1700 to 250,000 in 1725 and 375,000 in 1750 thanks to high birth rates and relatively high overall life expectancy (a 15-year-old boy in 1700 could expect to live to about 63). +. Overall alcohol consumption at the population level is associated with multiple health risks that exceed any potential benefits. +The use of the saxophone in dance orchestras and jazz ensembles put a premium on dynamic range, projection, and tonal richness, leading to rapid innovation in chamber shape and tip design, and metal construction . +Each subroutine could then be provided by a separate piece of tape, loaded or spliced before or after the main program ; and the same subroutine tape could then be used by many different programs. +In 1945, the Partisans, numbering over 800,000 strong defeated the Armed Forces of the Independent State of Croatia and the Wehrmacht, achieving a hard-fought breakthrough in the Syrmian front in late winter, taking Sarajevo in early April, and the rest of the NDH and Slovenia through mid-May. After taking Rijeka and Istria, which were part of Italy before the war, they beat the Allies to Trieste by two days. +As part of the economic policy of Barack Obama, the United States Congress funded approximately $800 billion in spending and tax cuts via the February 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act to stimulate the economy. + All plants need at least some water to survive, therefore rain (being the most effective means of watering) is important to agriculture. +In Vermont, Jim Jeffords , a Republican Senator became an independent in 2001 due to growing disagreement with President Bush and the party leadership. +The maximum temperature in the summer months is 32 °C (90 °F) . +The New York City Department of City Planning projects that Manhattan's population will increase by 289,000 people between 2000 and 2030 , an increase of 18.8% over the period, second only to Staten Island, while the rest of the city is projected to grow by 12.7% over the same period. +According to Rodney, all other areas of the economy were disrupted by the slave trade as the top merchants abandoned traditional industries to pursue slaving, and the lower levels of the population were disrupted by the slaving itself. +Tin is generated via the long S-process in low-to-medium mass stars (with masses of 0.6 to 10 times that of Sun). +There are several executive departments: Administrative Services, Agriculture, Banking, Children and Families, Consumer Protection, Correction, Economic and Community Development, Developmental Services, Construction Services, Education, Emergency Management and Public Protection, Energy & Environmental Protection , Higher Education, Insurance, Labor, Mental Health and Addiction Services, Military, Motor Vehicles, Public Health, Public Utility Regulatory Authority, Public Works, Revenue Services, Social Services, Transportation, and Veterans Affairs. +There were about 643,000 sheltered and unsheltered homeless persons nationwide in January 2009. + In 1886 , the teams competing at the Winter Carnival organized the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada (AHAC), and played a season comprising "challenges" to the existing champion. +The population of Istanbul was 570,000 by the end of the 18th century. +While a healthy diet is beneficial, in general the effect of antioxidant supplementation ( vitamin E, vitamin C , etc.) +[but became,]in the end, an extension of centralization." In 1863 retired French bureaucrat Maurice Block wrote an article called “Decentralization” for a French journal which reviewed the dynamics of government and bureaucratic centralization and recent French efforts at decentralization of government functions. +This result was established independently by Alonzo Church and Alan Turing in 1936 and 1937, respectively, giving a negative answer to the Entscheidungsproblem posed by David Hilbert in 1928. +The term neurobiology is usually used interchangeably with the term neuroscience, although the former refers specifically to the biology of the nervous system, whereas the latter refers to the entire science of the nervous system. +In the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, 65 state residents were killed, mostly Fairfield County residents who were working in the World Trade Center. + However, three constructive steps are involved in superimposing coordinates on a problem application. +Germany occupied northern Slovenia, while retaining direct occupation over a rump Serbian state and considerable influence over its newly created puppet state, the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) , which extended over much of today's Croatia and contained all of modern Bosnia and Herzegovina and Syrmia region of modern-day Serbia. +The above limitations for language packs are however still in effect, except that full language packs can be installed for any edition except Single Language, which caters to emerging markets . +The development plans include a number of new homes, and completion is expected in 2011 , although this is being delayed due to the current financial climate. +Population -based studies show that atherosclerosis, the major precursor of cardiovascular disease, begins in childhood. +Irish immigrants took slaves to Montserrat in 1651, and in 1655, slaves were shipped to Belize. +French forces retreated from Vietnam and were replaced by American forces supporting a Western-backed client regime in South Vietnam. +The history of structural engineering contains many collapses and failures . +In March 1945 , the Slovene Partisan Units were officially merged with the Yugoslav Army and thus ceased to exist as a separate formation.[citation needed] + The FIO is authorized to monitor all aspects of the insurance industry and identify any gaps in the state-based regulatory system. The Dodd-Frank Act also establishes the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC), which is charged with monitoring the financial services markets, including the insurance industry, to identify potential risks to the financial stability of the United States. +John Witherow oversaw a rise in circulation to 1.3 million and reconfirmed The Sunday Times's reputation for publishing hard-hitting news stories – such as Cash for Questions in 1994 and Cash for Honours in 2006 and revelations of corruption at Fifa in 2010. +The city's environmental master plan also notes that there are 17 palaces, 64 mosques, and 49 churches of historical significance in Istanbul. +The goal of Marxism–Leninism is the development of a state into a socialist republic through the leadership of a revolutionary vanguard, the part of the working class who come to class consciousness as a result of the dialectic of class struggle. +This U-shape has become a distinctive feature of the saxophone family, to the extent that soprano and even sopranino saxes are sometimes made in the curved style, even though not strictly necessary. +A tournament in 1902 between Montreal and Trois-Rivieres was billed as the first championship tournament. +The university has an annual operating budget of approximately $2 billion, which includes nearly $900 million in research and development expenditures. +The outflow of population turned around, as the city once again became the destination of immigrants from around the world, joining with low interest rates and Wall Street bonuses to fuel the growth of the real estate market . +These forest-types, which includes the Yungas and parts of the Chocó, are very rich in flora and fauna, although few large mammals exist, exceptions being the threatened mountain tapir, spectacled bear and yellow-tailed woolly monkey. +Ideas of liberty and decentralization were carried to their logical conclusions during the 19th and 20th centuries by anti-state political activists calling themselves "anarchists", "libertarians," and even decentralists. +Pitt African Music and Dance Ensemble, founded in 1983 by a Ghanaian ethnomusicologist Dr. Willie O. Anku, specializes in music and dances from Africa. +Wages are set and differentiated according to skill and intensity of work . +A location on the Equator is needed to define the X-axis, and the Prime Meridian stands out as a reference direction, so the X-axis takes the direction from geocenter out to [ 0 degrees longitude, 0 degrees latitude ]. +In computer programming, a subroutine is a sequence of program instructions that perform a specific task , packaged as a unit. +In 1943, the Kemsley Newspapers Group was established, with The Sunday Times becoming its flagship paper. +During the last decade and more, a transfer of wealth from the poorer classes to the wealthier classes has affected widespread poverty across the country, later exacerbated by the 2008 subprime mortgage crisis. +Because the negative effects of slavery on the economies of Africa have been well documented, namely the significant decline in population, some African rulers likely saw an economic benefit from trading their subjects with European slave traders. +Siding with arguments among several of the group's African-American members, many of NOW's leaders were convinced that the vast number of male African-Americans who lived below the poverty line were in need of more job opportunities than women within the middle and upper class. +The average yearly snowfall ranges from about 50–60 inches (1,300–1,500 mm) in the higher elevations of the northern portion of the state to only 20–25 inches (510–640 mm) along the southeast coast of Connecticut. +In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity . +A modern shopping venue is the Beurstraverse ("Stock Exchange Traverse"), better known by its informal name ' Koopgoot ' ('Buying/Shopping Gutter', after its subterranean position), which crosses the Coolsingel below street level). +Likewise, some authors use square brackets to avoid confusion between the inverse image and the inverse function. +Lipids may be broadly defined as hydrophobic or amphiphilic small molecules; the amphiphilic nature of some lipids allows them to form structures such as vesicles, multilamellar/unilamellar liposomes, or membranes in an aqueous environment . +Particularly well regarded programs include Pitt's Department of Philosophy, which has long been renowned in the U.S. and worldwide, and is especially strong in the areas of mathematical and philosophical logic, metaphysics, history and philosophy of science, philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of mind and psychology, and semantics. +It is common to divide the symbols of the alphabet into logical symbols, which always have the same meaning, and non-logical symbols , whose meaning varies by interpretation. +Its founder, Henry White , chose the name in an apparent attempt to take advantage of the success of the The Observer newspaper, which had been founded in 1791, although there was no connection between the two papers. +Local Indians expelled the Spanish for 12 years following the Pueblo Revolt of 1680; they returned in 1692 in the "bloodless" reoccupation of Santa Fe. +Between 1912 and 1918, Congress debated three times to protect Lake Tahoe in a national park. +According to former Prime Minister Hrant Bagratyan religion and state management "have completely gotten mixed up". + The opposite of relief sculpture is counter-relief, intaglio , or cavo-rilievo, where the form is cut into the field or background rather than rising from it; this is very rare in monumental sculpture. +Restaurants featuring foreign cuisines are mainly concentrated in the Beyoğlu, Beşiktaş, Şişli and Kadıköy districts . +Ice hockey is a full contact sport and carries a high risk of injury. +In 2009, the Civil Rights Congress of Nigeria has written an open letter to all African chieftains who participated in trade calling for an apology for their role in the Atlantic slave trade: "We cannot continue to blame the white men, as Africans, particularly the traditional rulers, are not blameless. +Since New York and Massachusetts have higher tax rates than Connecticut, this effectively means that Connecticut residents that work in those states have no Connecticut income tax withheld. +Lenin was immediately committed to avoid antagonising the peasantry by making efforts to coax them away from the Socialist Revolutionaries , allowing a peasant takeover of nobles' estates while no immediate nationalisations were enacted on peasants' property. +Eclecticism and freedom of expression, in reaction to the rigidity and aesthetic limitations of modernism, are the hallmarks of the postmodern influence in musical composition. +After 1945, the German population was expelled from all areas east of the Oder-Neisse line, making room for displaced Poles and Russians . +By 1494 , the Portuguese king had entered agreements with the rulers of several West African states that would allow trade between their respective peoples, enabling the Portuguese to "tap into" the "well-developed commercial economy in Africa... without engaging in hostilities". +For example, in cases of Saddam Hussein al Tikriti, meaning Saddam Hussein of Tikrit, a city in Iraq . +Lenses in which closer-to-ideal, non-spherical surfaces are used are called aspheric lenses . +When taking a picture of the moon using a camera with a 50 mm lens, one is not concerned with the linear magnification M ≈ −50 mm / 380000 km = −1.3×10−10. +In March 1917 , Tsar Nicholas II abdicated his throne and a provisional government quickly filled the vacuum, proclaiming Russia a republic months later. +This method minimizes the work removing the background , while allowing normal relief modelling. +The campaign focused largely on the Affordable Care Act and President Obama's stewardship of the economy , with the country facing high unemployment numbers and a rising national debt four years after his first election. +. Peano arithmetic and Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory are axiomatizations of number theory and set theory, respectively, into first-order logic. +The United States Interagency Council on Homelessness (USICH),a federal agency contained in the Executive Branch, was established in 1987 as a requirement of the McKinney-Vento Act of 1987. +The current city structure can be traced back to the Tanzimat period of reform in the 19th century, before which Islamic judges and imams led the city under the auspices of the Grand Vizier . +In July 2014 three boys 15, 16 and 18 , were arrested and charged with beating to death two homeless men with bricks and a metal pole in Albuquerque. +The city's leading football club, Oxford United, are currently in League Two, the fourth tier of league football, though they enjoyed some success in the past in the upper reaches of the league. +After its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 CE, it served as an imperial capital for almost 16 centuries, during the Roman and Byzantine (330–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin (1204–1261), and the Ottoman (1453–1922) empires. +In 1963, the Insight investigative team was established under Clive Irving . +The Republican candidate for President in 2012, Mitt Romney , lost to incumbent President Barack Obama, the fifth time in six elections the Republican candidate received fewer votes than his Democratic counterpart. +The southwestern border of Connecticut, where it abuts New York State, is marked by a panhandle in Fairfield County, containing the towns of Greenwich, Stamford, New Canaan, Darien, and parts of Norwalk and Wilton. +Key influential postmodern graphic designers include Wolfgang Weingart, April Greiman, Tibor Kalman, and Jamie Reid. +For a short time Selmer Paris produced mark VI alto saxophones with the low A key. +Structural engineering depends on the knowledge of materials and their properties, in order to understand how different materials support and resist loads. +Originally and for a long time the concept of a socialist society was regarded as equal to that of a communist society . +One now defines truth for quantified formulas syntactically , as follows: +In Lithuania, if the husband is named Vilkas, his wife will be named Vilkienė and his daughter will be named Vilkaitė. +As of 2011 [update], more women earn bachelor's degrees than men, half of the Ivy League presidents are women, the numbers of women in government and traditionally male-dominated fields have dramatically increased, and in 2009 the percentage of women in the American workforce temporarily surpassed that of men. +The formation of the modern Andes began with the events of the Triassic when Pangaea began to break up and several rifts developed. It continued through the Jurassic Period. +Early 19th-century paintings depict shinney (or "shinny"), an early form of hockey with no standard rules which was played in Nova Scotia.[citation needed] Many of these early games absorbed the physical aggression of what the Mi'kmaq in Nova Scotia called dehuntshigwa'es (lacrosse). +Laws enacted after the Ottoman constitution of 1876 aimed to expand this structure across the city, imitating the twenty arrondissements of Paris , but they were not fully implemented until 1908, when Istanbul was declared a province with nine constituent districts. +All real and personal property located within the state of Connecticut is taxable unless specifically exempted by statute. +Istanbul's primary motorways are the O-1, O-2, O-3 and O-4 . +Often the term checking is used to refer to body checking , with its true definition generally only propagated among fans of the game. +The ability to block supply was the origin of the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis. +The elderly population is forecast to grow by 57.9% , with the borough adding 108,000 persons ages 65 and over, compared to 44.2% growth citywide. +About half of the people who slept in shelter in 2010 returned for housing in 2011. +Istanbul's main bus station is the largest in Europe, with a daily capacity of 15,000 buses and 600,000 passengers , serving destinations as distant as Frankfurt. +⟨ae⟩ and ⟨oe⟩ also represented a sequence of two vowels in different syllables in aēnus [aˈeː.nʊs] "of bronze" and coēpit [kɔˈeː.pɪt] "began", and ⟨au ui eu ei ou⟩ represented sequences of two vowels, or of a vowel and one of the semivowels /j w/, in cauē [ˈka.weː] "beware!", cuius [ˈkʊj.jʊs] "whose", monuī [ˈmɔn.ʊ.iː] "I warned", soluī [ˈsɔɫ.wiː] "I released", dēlēuī [deːˈleː.wiː] "I destroyed", eius [ˈɛj.jʊs] "his", and nouus [ˈnɔ.wʊs] "new". +may enact their own laws and prosecute crimes pursuant thereto, they are not sovereign in the Westphalian sense in international law which says that each State has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs, to the exclusion of all external powers, on the principle of non-interference in another State's domestic affairs, and that each State (no matter how large or small) is equal in international law. +Additionally echocardiography, myocardial perfusion imaging, and cardiac stress testing is not recommended in those at low risk who do not have symptoms . +Manhattan has many energy-efficient green office buildings, such as the Hearst Tower, the rebuilt 7 World Trade Center, and the Bank of America Tower—the first skyscraper designed to attain a Platinum LEED Certification . +A grandson of King John established Rewley Abbey for the Cistercian Order; and friars of various orders (Dominicans, Franciscans, Carmelites, Augustinians and Trinitarians) all had houses of varying importance at Oxford. +Furthermore, the country experienced a breakdown of law and order, with collaborationist militias roaming the countryside terrorizing the population. +The 50 states of the United States of America are as follows (this list includes both the postal code abbreviation and the traditional abbreviation for each state): +There is thus a trade-off between the ease of working within the formal system and the ease of proving results about the formal system. +Climate classification systems such as the Köppen climate classification system use average annual rainfall to help differentiate between differing climate regimes. +The academic degree Doctor of Medicine ( Dr. med. ) is technically a research doctorate degree, though it is roughly equivalent to a master's degree in Anglo-Saxon countries. +A United States guideline recommends statins in those who have a 12% or greater risk of cardiovascular disease over the next ten years. +Finds of large quantities of seeds and a grinding stone at the paleolithic site of Ohalo II in the vicinity of the Sea of Galilee, dated to around 19,400 BP has shown some of the earliest evidence for advanced planning of plant food consumption and suggests that humans at Ohalo II processed the grain before consumption. +While the city ranks as world's 5th -largest city proper, it drops the rank to the 24th place as an urban area and to the 18th place as a metro area because the city limits are roughly equivalent to the agglomeration. +Samanyolu TV, Kanal D, and ATV are other stations in Istanbul that offer a mix of news and series ; NTV (partnered with U.S. media outlet MSNBC) and Sky Turk—both based in the city—are mainly just known for their news coverage in Turkish. +These historical positions were also expressed during the debate around the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, which authorized the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), an approximately $700 billion bailout package (later reduced to $430 billion ) for the banking industry. +In a two dimensional cartesian plane, identify the point with coordinates (x, y) with the complex number z = x + iy . +The office employs 25 people. +Evidence of drainage ditches at Kuk Swamp on the borders of the Western and Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea shows evidence of the cultivation of taro and a variety of other crops, dating back to 11,000 BP. +Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal computer market with over 90% market share, overtaking Mac OS, which had been introduced in 1984. +Regardless, in modern times the clearance has accelerated , and the trees are now considered to be highly endangered, with some believing that as little as 10% of the original woodland remains. +For example, Simon Blackburn states that "apologists for Hinduism defend or explain away its involvement with the caste system, and apologists for Islam defend or explain away its harsh penal code or its attitude to women and infidels". +Much of the Asian side of the Bosphorus functions as a suburb of the economic and commercial centers in European Istanbul, accounting for a third of the city's population but only a quarter of its employment. +According to Larry Teal , the mouthpiece material has little, if any, effect on the sound, and the physical dimensions give a mouthpiece its tone colour. +During the invasion, Belgrade was bombed by the Luftwaffe. +Also, the craze of getting an MD is at peak nowadays because of the integrated curriculum . +Critics argue raising employment costs deters hiring . +In 2000, Istanbul had 137 hospitals, of which 100 were private. Turkish citizens are entitled to subsidized healthcare in the nation's state-run hospitals. +In the current Senate, the Liberal/National Coalition government holds 33 seats and the Australian Labor Party opposition has 25 seats . +There are no additional sales taxes imposed by local jurisdictions. +The vast majority of those enslaved that were transported to the New World, many on the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage, were West Africans from the central and western parts of the continent sold by other western Africans to western European slave traders , with a small minority being captured directly by the slave traders in coastal raids, and brought to the Americas. +The United States Supreme Court in Texas v. White held that political states do not have the right to secede, though it did allow some possibility of the divisibility "through revolution, or through consent of the States ." +Conflict over uncertain colonial limits continued until the Duke of York captured New Netherland in 1664." +However, microwave sensors fly only on low Earth orbit satellites, and there are few enough of them that the average time between observations exceeds three hours. This several-hour interval is insufficient to adequately document precipitation because of the transient nature of most precipitation systems as well as the inability of a single satellite to appropriately capture the typical daily cycle of precipitation at a given location. +In March 2010 , there were protests about the Governor's proposed cut of $65 million in annual funding to the homeless adult services system. +Important rivers draining the western area include the Maku, Barak, Jiri, Irang and Leimatak . +The ECHL (called the East Coast Hockey League before the 2003–04 season) is a mid-level minor league in the United States with a few players under contract to NHL or AHL teams . +The more "recent" argument of a "moral shift" (the basis of the previous lines of this article) is described by Hardt and Negri as an "ideological" apparatus in order to eliminate the sentiment of guilt in western society. Although moral arguments did play a secondary role, it usually had major resonance when used as a strategy to undercut competitors' profits. +Excess of loss contracts, like those commonly used for umbrella and general liability insurance, or to insure against property losses, will typically have a low ratio of premium paid to maximum loss recoverable. +a key inflammatory transcription factor called NF-κB, has been found to be a risk factor of cardiovascular disease and mortality. +As more states legalized same-sex marriage in the 2010s, Republicans increasingly supported allowing each state to decide its own marriage policy. Since the Supreme Court legalized same-sex marriage nationwide in 2015, Republicans have taken a more muted stance, and the issue has lost much of its political potency. +Eventually, it was a dispute over the meaning of some of these political ideals, especially political representation , and republicanism that led to the American Revolution. +Although the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development in January 2012 annual point-in-time count found that 633,782 people across the United States were homeless, other counts vary widely. +During this time, prior to joining the Atlantic Coast Conference in 2013 , Pitt and has won three Big East regular season championships, two Big East Tournament Championships, and has advanced to six Big East Tournament Championship games. +Saxophone players such as John Coltrane, Ornette Coleman, Sam Rivers and Pharoah Sanders again defined the forefront of creative exploration with the avant-garde movement of the 1960s. +The Amaury Sport Organization (ASO), organizer of the Tour de France, said in a statement on its web site that it chose Rotterdam because, in addition to it being another big city, like London, to showcase the use of bikes for urban transportation, it provided a location well positioned considering the rest of the route envisioned for the 2010 event. +A bas-relief (" low relief ", French pronunciation: ​[baʁəljɛf], from the Italian basso rilievo) or low relief is a projecting image with a shallow overall depth, for example used on coins, on which all images are in low relief. +The prestigious Regis High School , on the Upper East Side, is the only all-scholarship Catholic high school for boys in the country. +In 2015, homelessness is considered an epidemic in several American cities. " Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti and seven of the 15 City Council members announced they would declare a state of emergency and try to find $100 million to cure what has become a municipal curse." +Art Encounters provides trips to arts events for undergrads that include free tickets, transportation, a catered reception, and encounters with international artists and thinkers. +Most of the many grand figure reliefs in Ancient Greek sculpture used a very "high" version of high-relief, with elements often fully free of the background, and parts of figures crossing over each other to indicate depth . +Australian artist Helen Reddy's song "I Am Woman" played a large role in popular culture and became a feminist anthem; Reddy came to be known as a "feminist poster girl" or a "feminist icon". ."One project of second wave feminism was to create 'positive' images of women, to act as a counterweight to the dominant images circulating in popular culture and to raise women's consciousness of their oppressions." +However, it was Lenin who defined the difference between "socialism" and "communism", explaining that they are similar to what Marx described with the lower and upper stages of communist society. +Crowds seem to like fighting in ice hockey and cheer when fighting erupts. +Phil Zuckerman's 2008 book, Society without God, notes that Denmark and Sweden, "which are probably the least religious countries in the world, and possibly in the history of the world", enjoy "among the lowest violent crime rates in the world [and] the lowest levels of corruption in the world ".[c] +Some cities are consolidated with, and coterminous with, their counties, including Philadelphia, Honolulu, San Francisco, Nashville, and Denver—that is to say, these counties consist in their entirety of a single municipality the government of which also operates as the county government . +Chromatic aberration is caused by the dispersion of the lens material—the variation of its refractive index, n, with the wavelength of light. Since, from the formulae above, f is dependent upon n, it follows that light of different wavelengths is focused to different positions. +Marxism–Leninism as a philosophy and a political movement has been criticised over the years from widely different ideological currents, due to its relations with Stalinism, the Soviet Union , state repression in Marxist–Leninist run states and classical Marxism. +Manhattan is the economic engine of New York City, with its 2.3 million workers in 2007 drawn from the entire New York metropolitan area accounting for almost two-thirds of all jobs in New York City. +Measuring the amount of decentralization, especially politically, is difficult because different studies of it use different definitions and measurements . +Around 2.2 million Africans died during these voyages where they were packed into tight, unsanitary spaces on ships for months at a time. +Diversity.Norman L. Johnson writes that diversity plays an important role in decentralized systems like ecosystems, social groups, large organizations, political systems. +Friedan stepped down as president in 1969 . +In 1763, Spain traded Florida to Great Britain in exchange for control of Havana, Cuba, which had been captured by the British during the Seven Years' War . +This vast tract was first settled at Mobile and Biloxi around 1700, and continued to grow when 7,000 French immigrants founded New Orleans in 1718 . + As unfinished examples from various periods show, raised reliefs, whether high or low, were normally "blocked out" by marking the outline of the figure and reducing the background areas to the new background level, work no doubt performed by apprentices (see gallery). +Republicans next highest ranked items were lowering taxes and reducing regulation, while Democrats preferred infrastructure stimulus and more help for small businesses . +A subprogram with side effects may return different results each time it is called , even if it is called with the same arguments. +In 1943, the Kemsley Newspapers Group was established, with The Sunday Times becoming its flagship paper. +"In 2004 the United States Conference of Mayors... surveyed the mayors of major cities on the extent and causes of urban homelessness and most of the mayors named the lack of affordable housing as a cause of homelessness.... +In 1763, Spain traded Florida to Great Britain in exchange for control of Havana, Cuba , which had been captured by the British during the Seven Years' War. +In other cases, the goal is producing the best instantaneous satellite estimate, which is the High Resolution Precipitation Product approach. In either case, of course, the less-emphasized goal is also considered desirable. +For many years, the tournament was an amateur-only tournament, but this restriction was removed, beginning in the 1970s. Players are not paid to play in the tournament, but insurance and expenses are covered from the tournament revenues. +In China, the Communist Party of China led by Mao Zedong reluctantly abandoned the civil war with the Kuomintang and cooperated with it against Japanese occupation forces . +When Jewish families in Central Europe were forced to adopt surnames in the 18th and 19th centuries , those who failed to choose a surname were often given pejorative or even cruel nicknames (such as "Schweinmann" ("pig man") or "Schmutz" (a variant of "filthy")) by the local registrar. +At its peak during World War II, the Yugoslav Partisans' Navy commanded 9 or 10 armed ships, 30 patrol boats, close to 200 support ships, six coastal batteries, and several Partisan detachments on the islands, around 3,000 men.[citation needed] On 26 October 1943, it was organized first into four, and later into six, Maritime Coastal Sectors (Pomorsko Obalni Sektor, POS). +Parts of the Sunsás Orogen in Amazonian craton disappeared from the surface of earth being overrided by the Andes.. The Sierras de Córdoba , where the effects of the ancient Pampean orogeny can be observed, owe their modern uplift and relief to the Andean orogeny in the Tertiary. +Works in the technique are described as "in relief ", and, especially in monumental sculpture, the work itself is "a relief". +The University's Board of Trustees maintains ultimate legal authority, governance, and responsibility for the university but specifically reserves authority over selecting the university's Chancellor; approval of major policies, particularly those related to the fiduciary responsibilities of the Board; and the definition of the university's mission and goals. +In the United States, the success of Alex Haley's book Roots: The Saga of an American Family , published in 1976, and the subsequent television miniseries based upon it Roots, broadcast on the ABC network in January 1977, led to an increased interest and appreciation of African heritage amongst the African-American community. +The first substantial modification was by a French manufacturer who extended the bell slightly and added an extra key to extend the range downwards by one semitone to B♭. +Other special purpose divisions exist separately from those for general governance, examples of which include conservation districts and Congressional districts . +First year consists mainly of theoretical classes such as biophysics and biochemistry, anatomy, ethics or histology . +Plato also speculated that the brain was the seat of the rational part of the soul. +In November 1942 the movement was renamed into the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia (Narodnooslobodilačka vojska i partizanski odredi Jugoslavije, NOV i POJ), a name which it held until the end of the war. +Unemployment was virtually eliminated in the country during the 1930s. +After the 2000 election , the color red became associated with Republicans. +Thus the British Navy captured New Amsterdam (New York) in 1664. +Istanbul-based Zaman , although only founded in 1986, is Turkey's most widely circulated paper, with a weekly distribution of more than one million, twice that of its nearest competitor. +The area that is now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans . +This is the case in Hungary, parts of Romania, Bavaria, Austria, South India, Sri Lanka, Madagascar and countries in the East Asian cultural sphere including Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam and China . +Others are acronyms, such as TriBeCa (for " TRIangle BElow CAnal Street ") or SoHo ("SOuth of HOuston"), or the far more recent vintages NoLIta ("NOrth of Little ITAly"). +Sweden's defeat in the Great Northern War brought Russia to the eastern coast. +Most people had relatively short lengths of stay in emergency shelters: 60 percent stayed less than a month, and a 33 percent stayed a week or less. +Stalin exercised extensive personal control over the Communist Party and unleashed an unprecedented level of violence to eliminate any potential threat to his regime. + Bits of liquid or solid water in the atmosphere are known as hydrometeors. +Civil engineering structures are often subjected to very extreme forces, such as large variations in temperature, dynamic loads such as waves or traffic , or high pressures from water or compressed gases. +Ice hockey is one of the fastest growing women's sports in the world, with the number of participants increasing 350 percent in the last 10 years. +This granite is mostly found east of the crest and north of 37.2°N . +The first studies on cardiovascular health were performed in year 1949 by Jerry Morris using occupational health data and were published in year 1958. +These committees also conduct hearings three times a year in which the government's budget and operations are examined. +An oceanic (or maritime) climate is typically found along the west coasts at the middle latitudes of all the world's continents, bordering cool oceans, as well as southeastern Australia, and is accompanied by plentiful precipitation year round. +The MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine/Bachelor of Surgery) degree represents the first (graduation) level of training required to be licensed as a physicians, and the MS or MD degree is a higher postgraduate degree, representative of specialty training. +Removing the threat of higher taxes embodied in the fiscal cliff may encourage consumers to spend and employers to expand their business and add jobs. +This is a function of arity 2 that takes pairs of elements of the domain and returns an ordered pair containing them. +From 1639 until the adoption of the 1818 constitution, the governor presided over the General Assembly. +Research on mirror neurons, since their discovery in 1996 , suggests that they may have a role to play not only in action understanding, but also in emotion sharing empathy. + Incidents of domestic violence contribute to homelessness among women, who are often denied police protection and legal recourse. +The Puritans, a much larger group than the Pilgrims, established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629 with 400 settlers. +On 12 November 1945 , Ian Fleming, who later created James Bond, joined the paper as foreign manager (foreign editor) and special writer. +The two Bosphorus Bridges are currently the only road crossings between the Asian and European sides of Turkey, together carrying 400,000 vehicles each day . +The Democrats nominated incumbents Barack Obama and Joe Biden . +For business travelers, Rotterdam The Hague Airport offers advantages in terms of rapid handling of passengers and baggage. Environmental regulations make further growth uncertain. +A less common convention is Polish notation , in which one writes ....→...{\displaystyle \rightarrow }.., ....∧...{\displaystyle \wedge }.., and so on in front of their arguments rather than between them. +It is also known as first-order predicate calculus , the lower predicate calculus, quantification theory, and predicate logic. +Monin and Miller (2001) examined the moral self-licensing effect and found that when participants established credentials as non-prejudiced persons , they were more willing to express politically incorrect opinions despite the fact that the audience was unaware of their credentials. +It consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton (referred to specifically as the "union") bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five stars. +Then each point P of the line can be specified by its distance from O, taken with a + or − sign depending on which half-line contains P. +There are several executive departments: Administrative Services, Agriculture, Banking, Children and Families, Consumer Protection, Correction, Economic and Community Development, Developmental Services, Construction Services, Education, Emergency Management and Public Protection, Energy & Environmental Protection, Higher Education, Insurance, Labor, Mental Health and Addiction Services , Military, Motor Vehicles, Public Health, Public Utility Regulatory Authority, Public Works, Revenue Services, Social Services, Transportation, and Veterans Affairs. +.Yosemite Valley was first protected by the federal government in 1864 . +The report, which revealed great discrimination against women in American life, along with Friedan's book, which spoke to the discontent of many women (especially housewives), led to the formation of many local, state, and federal government women's groups as well as many independent feminist organizations. +However, according to the Army Institute of Heraldry, which has official custody of the flag designs and makes any change ordered, there are no implications of symbolism in the use of fringe . +Towards the end of the medical program, French medical students are provided with more responsibilities and are required to defend a thesis; however, unlike a PhD thesis, no original research is actually necessary to write an MD thesis . +The city was captured by the English in 1664 ; they took complete control of the colony in 1674 and renamed it New York. +The NYSE MKT (formerly the American Stock Exchange, AMEX), New York Board of Trade, and the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) are also located downtown. + Since its founding in 1969 the SFN has grown steadily: as of 2010 it recorded 40,290 members from 83 different countries. +However, a successful communist revolution occurred in Mongolia in 1924, resulting in the creation of the Mongolian People's Republic . +A memorial at the site was opened to the public on September 11, 2011 , and the museum opened in 2014. +The valley soils generally contain loam, small rock fragments, sand and sandy clay , and are varied. +Libertarian socialism is a group of political philosophies that promote a non-hierarchical, non-bureaucratic society without private property in the means of production. +As well as the BBC national radio stations, Oxford and the surrounding area has several local stations, including BBC Oxford, Heart Thames Valley, Destiny 105, Jack FM and Jack FM 2 along with Oxide: Oxford Student Radio (which went on terrestrial radio at 87.7 MHz FM in late May 2005). +The other (orchestral) family patented by Sax, alternating instruments in C and F , has always been marginal, although some manufacturers tried to popularise the soprano in C (or C soprano saxophone), the alto in F (or mezzo-soprano saxophone), and the tenor in C (or C melody saxophone) early in the twentieth century. +For example, individual neuroscientists have promoted neuroscience education among young students by organizing the International Brain Bee , which is an academic competition for high school or secondary school students worldwide. +Manhattan has three public heliports: the East 34th Street Heliport (also known as the Atlantic Metroport) at East 34th Street, owned by New York City and run by the New York City Economic Development Corporation ("NYCEDC")); the Port Authority Downtown Manhattan/Wall Street Heliport, owned by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and run by the NYCEDC; and the West 30th Street Heliport , a privately owned heliport that is owned by the Hudson River Park Trust. +Magnesium supplementation lowers high blood pressure in a dose dependent manner. +The search for intelligence ultimately resulted in the demise of the Chetniks and their eclipse by Tito's Partisans . +A negative meniscus lens has a steeper concave surface and is thinner at the centre than at the periphery . +Typically, one or both of these hydroxyl groups are acylated with long-chain fatty acids, but there are also alkyl-linked and 1Z-alkenyl-linked (plasmalogen) glycerophospholipids, as well as dialkylether variants in archaebacteria. +A mid-1830s watercolour portrays New Brunswick lieutenant governor Archibald Campbell and his family with British soldiers on skates playing a stick-on-ice sport. +The structural engineer is the lead designer on these structures, and often the sole designer . +Executives and managers face a constant tension between centralizing and decentralizing information technology for their organizations. +Derrida's philosophy inspired a postmodern movement called deconstructivism among architects, characterized by the intentional fragmentation, distortion, and dislocation of architectural elements in designing a building. + In 1983 Diana Conyers asked if decentralization was the "latest fashion" in development administration. +Judicious use of subroutines (for example, through the structured programming approach) will often substantially reduce the cost of developing and maintaining a large program, while increasing its quality and reliability. +Other examples include ATM machine ( automated teller machine machine), EAB bank (European American Bank bank), CableACE Award (cable award for cable excellence award), DC Comics (Detective Comics Comics), HIV virus (human immunodeficiency virus virus), Microsoft's NT Technology (New Technology Technology) and the formerly redundant SAT test (Scholastic Achievement/Aptitude/Assessment Test test, now simply SAT Reasoning Test). +The collectivisation policies resulted in economic disaster with severe fluctuations in grain harvests, catastrophic losses in the number of livestock, a substantial drop in the food consumption of the country's citizens, and the allegedly intentional Holodomor famine in the Ukraine . +IR works best in cases of deep, vigorous convection—such as the tropics —and becomes progressively less useful in areas where stratiform (layered) precipitation dominates, especially in mid- and high-latitude regions. +Off the coast of Africa, European migrants, under the directions of the Kingdom of Castile, invaded and colonised the Canary Islands during the 15th century, where they converted much of the land to the production of wine and sugar. +They can also be designed with yield line theory , where an assumed collapse mechanism is analysed to give an upper bound on the collapse load (see Plasticity). +Farmers also expanded their production of flax seed and corn since flax was a high demand in the Irish linen industry and a demand for corn existed in the West Indies. +Two multi-billion-dollar projects were completed in the mid-2010s, with the $1.4 billion Fulton Center having been completed in November 2014 and the $2.4 billion 7 Subway Extension having been completed in September 2015. +Accordingly, libertarian socialists believe that " the exercise of power in any institutionalized form—whether economic, political, religious, or sexual—brutalizes both the wielder of power and the one over whom it is exercised". +There are systems weaker than full first -order logic for which the logical consequence relation is decidable. +Christian ity is the religion of 41.2% of the people in the state. +Windows 7 has multi-touch support , a redesigned Windows shell with an updated taskbar, a home networking system called HomeGroup, and performance improvements. +The South Westerly Monsoon picks up moisture from the Bay of Bengal and heads toward Manipur, hits the eastern Himalaya ranges and produces a massive amount of rain. +A superconducting magnet weighing as little as two kilograms is capable of producing magnetic fields comparable to a conventional electromagnet weighing tons . +Those insufficient size studies are the basis for all domain-specific diagnoses in neuropsychiatry, since the few large enough studies there are always find individuals with the brain changes thought to be associated with a mental condition but without any of the symptoms . +Organizations like the National Alliance to End Homelessness go to government officials and offices to speak on behalf of the homeless community calling for policy changes or for the creation of policy to help end homelessness. +The revival of low relief, which was seen as a classical style , begins early in the Renaissance; the Tempio Malatestiano in Rimini, a pioneering classicist building, designed by Leon Battista Alberti around 1450, uses low reliefs by Agostino di Duccio inside and on the external walls. +Unemployment can be measured in several ways. +Choosing a Cartesian coordinate system for a one-dimensional space—that is, for a straight line—involves choosing a point O of the line (the origin ), a unit of length, and an orientation for the line. +The suburban towns of New Canaan and Darien in Fairfield County are considered the most Republican areas in the state. +Beyoğlu was the first area of the city to have its own director and council, with members instead being longtime residents of the neighborhood. +To distinguish this from Eutychian and other versions of Monophysitism this position is called miaphysitism . +Following the model of Rome, the historic peninsula is said to be characterized by seven hills, each topped by imperial mosques . +Broadway is the most notable of many exceptions to the grid, starting at Bowling Green in Lower Manhattan and continuing north into the Bronx at Manhattan's northern tip. +Held after the Harvest festival in November, this festival predominantly celebrated by Kuki-Chin-Zomi tribes in Manipur has become one of the leading festivals of the state. +The Argentine Civilian Code states both uses are correct, but police offices and passports are issued with the complete name. +Bar-, "son of" in Aramaic, is used likewise, e.g. Meir Bar-Ilan. +In other cultures the surname is placed first , followed by the given name or names. +The historian Walter Rodney contends that it was a decline in the profitability of the triangular trades that made it possible for certain basic human sentiments to be asserted at the decision-making level in a number of European countries- Britain being the most crucial because it was the greatest carrier of African captives across the Atlantic. +The major political parties debate appropriate solutions for improving the job creation rate, with liberals arguing for more government spending and conservatives arguing for lower taxes and less regulation. +The Fed expanded its balance sheet significantly from 2008-2014 , meaning it essentially "printed money" to purchase large quantities of mortgage-backed securities and U.S. treasury bonds. +Today, TRT runs four national radio stations; these stations have transmitters across the country so each can reach over 90 percent of the country's population, but only Radio 2 is based in Istanbul. +In its January 2013 census, Los Angeles County counted 39,463 people sleeping on the street or in homeless shelters. +It was also during this era that the founder of Mellon Bank, Thomas Mellon (Class of 1837 ), graduated and later taught at WUP. +Relations between the two movements were uneasy from the start, but from October 1941 they degenerated into full-scale conflict. +In Spain , a 1995 reform in the law allows the parents to choose whether the father's or the mother's surname goes first, although this order must be the same for all their children. +Criticisms of postmodernism are intellectually diverse, including the assertions that postmodernism is meaningless and promotes obscurantism . +Some observers hold that individuals apply distinct sets of moral rules to people depending on their membership of an "in-group" (the individual and those they believe to be of the same culture or race) or an "out-group" (people not entitled to be treated according to the same rules). +Windows 98 SE added Internet Explorer 5.0 and Windows Media Player 6.2 amongst other upgrades. +Istanbul is primarily known for its Byzantine and Ottoman architecture, but its buildings reflect the various peoples and empires that have previously ruled the city. +The wedge and tipping bucket gauges will have problems with snow. +Many polyketides are cyclic molecules whose backbones are often further modified by glycosylation, methylation, hydroxylation, oxidation, and/or other processes. +Most of western and southern Connecticut (particularly the Gold Coast) is strongly associated with New York City; this area is the most affluent and populous region of the state. +This is the case in Hungary , parts of Romania, Bavaria, Austria, South India, Sri Lanka, Madagascar and countries in the East Asian cultural sphere including Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam and China. +In the Visual Basic 6 language, subprograms are termed functions or subs (or methods when associated with a class ). +If morality is the answer to the question ' how ought we to live ' at the individual level, politics can be seen as addressing the same question at the social level, though the political sphere raises additional problems and challenges. +Sunglasses ' lenses are designed to attenuate light; sunglass lenses that also correct visual impairments can be custom made. +A biomedical equipment technician (BMET) is a vital component of the healthcare delivery system. +The brain areas that are consistently involved when humans reason about moral issues have been investigated by a quantitative large-scale meta-analysis of the brain activity changes reported in the moral neuroscience literature . +In removing a major foreign threat to the thirteen colonies, the war also largely removed the colonists' need of colonial protection. +The substitution rule demonstrates several common aspects of rules of inference. +High death rates and a very young population profile characterized the colony during its first years. +Structural building engineering is primarily driven by the creative manipulation of materials and forms and the underlying mathematical and scientific ideas to achieve an end which fulfills its functional requirements and is structurally safe when subjected to all the loads it could reasonably be expected to experience. +In 1763 , Louisiana around New Orleans and west of the Mississippi River was ceded to Spain. +In the pontifical universities postgraduate courses of Canon law are taught in Latin and papers should be written in the same language. +Kenneth Thomson, the head of the company, felt betrayed and decided to sell. +It later housed the court of Charles II during the Great Plague of London in 1665–66. +These deposits can be easily seen in river banks as cassiterite is usually black, purple or otherwise dark in color, a feature exploited by early Bronze Age prospectors. + The most commonly used form of the Köppen classification has five primary types labeled A through E. Specifically, the primary types are A, tropical; B, dry; C, mild mid-latitude; D, cold mid-latitude ; and E, polar. +It stressed its dedication to women's rights and gender equality and used the imagery of traditional folklore heroines to attract and legitimize the partizanka. +Potatoes and manioc were domesticated in South America . +Decentralization of responsibilities to provinces may be limited only to those provinces or states which want or are capable of handling responsibility. +Microsoft published four OEM Service Releases (OSR) of Windows 95, each of which was roughly equivalent to a service pack. +The most common way in which formulas can become infinite is through infinite conjunctions and disjunctions . +In Cuba in 1959, forces led by Fidel Castro and Argentine revolutionary Che Guevara overthrew the regime of Fulgencio Batista and established a communist regime there with ties to the Soviet Union . +Elections in Connecticut take place mostly at the levels of town and/or city, state legislative districts for both houses, Congressional districts, and statewide . +Given the Earth's surface area, that means the globally averaged annual precipitation is 990 millimetres (39 in), but over land it is only 715 millimetres ( 28.1 in ). +The word is colinderies or colinda, an acronym for the Colonial and Indian Exposition held in London in that year." +An apochromat is a lens or lens system with even better chromatic aberration correction, combined with improved spherical aberration correction. +After he explored this region in 1614 , Dutch fur traders sailed up the Connecticut River (then known by the Dutch as Versche Rivier – "Fresh River") and built a fort at Dutch Point in what is present-day Hartford, which they called "House of Hope" (Dutch: Huis van Hoop). +Hence, goods and services are produced and sold by firms with various degrees of horizontal and vertical integration." + The standard orientation, where the xy-plane is horizontal and the z-axis points up (and the x- and the y-axis form a positively oriented two-dimensional coordinate system in the xy-plane if observed from above the xy-plane) is called right-handed or positive. +In decentralization the principle of subsidiarity is often invoked. +In Michigan, the state universities are constitutionally autonomous jurisdictions, possessed of a special status somewhat equivalent to that of metropolitan municipality . +Oxford's prestige was enhanced by its charter granted by King Henry II, granting its citizens the same privileges and exemptions as those enjoyed by the capital of the kingdom; and various important religious houses were founded in or near the city. +The next major version of Windows NT , Windows XP, was released on October 25, 2001. +Manhattan's most important economic sector lies in its role as the headquarters for the U.S. financial industry , metonymously known as Wall Street. +Indian surname s may often denote caste, profession, and village and are invariably mentioned along with the personal names. +In 1941-42, the majority of Partisans in Croatia were Serbs , but by October 1943 the majority were Croats. +Over the years, the city of Chicago , Illinois has gained a reputation as the city with the most homeless people, rivaling Los Angeles and New York, although no statistical data have backed this up. +In the Netherlands, Rotterdam has the highest percentage of foreigners from non-industrialised nations. +. The Commission on Social Determinants of Health recommended that more equal distributions of power, wealth, education, housing, environmental factors, nutrition, and health care were needed to address inequalities in cardiovascular disease and non-communicable diseases. +Christianity was strengthened in Armenia in the 5th century by the translation of the Bible into the Armenian language by the native theologian, monk, and scholar St. Mesrob Mashtots. +Although journalists at The Times had been on full pay during the suspension, they went on strike demanding more money after production was resumed. +Low relief may use any medium or technique of sculpture, stone carving and metal casting being most common. +The Irish edition of The Sunday Times was launched on a small scale on 1993 with just two staff, Alan Ruddock and John Burns (who is at present associate editor). +Recently Rotterdam was listed 8th in The Rough Guide Top 10 Cities to Visit and was voted 2015 European City of the Year by the Academy of Urbanism. +There are different degrees of relief depending on the degree of projection of the sculpted form from the field , for which the Italian appellations are still sometimes used. +Much of southern and western Connecticut (along with the majority of the state's population) is part of the New York metropolitan area: three of Connecticut's eight counties are statistically included in the New York City combined statistical area, which is widely referred to as the Tri-State area. +The sampled-up jazz break on Carl Craig's Bug in the Bassbin was also influential on the newly emerging sound, DJs at the Rage club used to play it pitched up ( increased speed ) as far as their Technics record decks would go. +Manhattan was at the heart of the New York Campaign, a series of major battles in the early American Revolutionary War. +They each maintain their own budgets, although the metropolitan mayor reserves the right to review district decisions. +These were managed via the "People's committees", organized to act as civilian governments in areas of the country controlled by the communists, even limited arms industries were set up. +The fundamental questions addressed in cellular neuroscience include the mechanisms of how neurons process signals physiologically and electrochemically . +Rotterdam is home to some world-famous architecture from renowned architects like Rem Koolhaas, Piet Blom, Ben van Berkel and others. +The Aberdeen Pavilion (built in 1898) in Ottawa was used for ice hockey in 1904 and is the oldest existing facility that has hosted Stanley Cup games. +Sax's original keywork, which was based on the Triebert system 3 oboe for the left hand and the Boehm clarinet for the right, was very simplistic and made playing some legato passages and wide intervals extremely difficult to finger, so numerous developers added extra keys and alternate fingerings to make chromatic playing less difficult. +On January 24, 1848 James W. Marshall , a foreman working for Sacramento pioneer John Sutter, found shiny metal in the tailrace of a lumber mill Marshall was building for Sutter on the American River. +A series of terrible crashes at these plazas eventually contributed to the decision to remove the tolls in 1988. +As the event rate is higher in men than in women , the decrease in events is more easily seen in men than women. +Marxism–Leninism supports universal social welfare . +There were 51 Class I Muslim officers including three women , 101 Class II officers and 1,270 and 1,663 employees belonging to Class III and IV categories respectively. +During the 19th and early 20th centuries, Bankalar Caddesi (Banks Street) in Galata was the financial center of the Ottoman Empire, where the Ottoman Stock Exchange was located. +An example would be the surname Pazmiño , whose members are related to the Paz y Miño, as both descend from the "Paz Miño" family of five centuries ago. +Convective rain , or showery precipitation, occurs from convective clouds, e.g., cumulonimbus or cumulus congestus. +Next morning, the seven returned with about a hundred Partisans to await the arrival of the work-party by the usual train. +Protestant 27%, Mormonism 0.5%, Jewish 1%, Roman Catholic 43%, Orthodox 1%, Non-religious 23%, Jehovah's Witness 1%, Hinduism 0.5%, Buddhism 1% and Islam 0.5%. +A deep curve allows for lifting the puck easier while a shallow curve allows for easier backhand shots . +These languages cannot be downloaded through the Download Center, but available as optional updates through the Windows Update service (except Windows 8). +Beyoğlu has been transformed into the artistic center of the city, with young artists and older Turkish artists formerly residing abroad finding footing there. +Attacks from Croatian Ustaše on the Serbian population was considered to be one of the important reasons for the rise of guerrilla activities, thus aiding an ever growing Partisan resistance. +By contrast, tribal morality is prescriptive, imposing the norms of the collective on the individual. +In October 2013 Father Asoghik Karapetyan , the director of the Museum of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, stated on television that an atheist Armenian is not a "true Armenian". +Furthermore, an assessment of the 'ills' of Modernism among planners during the 1960s, fuelled development of a participatory model that aimed to expand the range of participants in urban interventions (Hatuka & D'Hooghe 2007, 21). +A number of studies have been conducted on the empirics of morality in various countries, and the overall relationship between faith and crime is unclear .[b] + Drinking at low levels without episodes of heavy drinking may be associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease . +More recently, Walter Truett Anderson described postmodernism as belonging to one of four typological world views, which he identifies as either (a) Postmodern-ironist, which sees truth as socially constructed, (b) Scientific-rational, in which truth is found through methodical, disciplined inquiry, (c) Social-traditional, in which truth is found in the heritage of American and Western civilization, or (d) Neo-romantic, in which truth is found through attaining harmony with nature and/or spiritual exploration of the inner self. +These type of customary compound surnames used to be found throughout Guipúzcoa, Navarra, Soria, Logroño, and most of Green Spain generally (i.e. the Spanish northern maritime façade exposed to the Atlantic Ocean which runs along the coastal strip lying north of the Cantabrian and Basque mountains, along the Bay of Biscay.) +In science, functions are sometimes defined by a table that gives the outputs for selected inputs. +After ratification the Convention entered into force on 17 January 2000 . +In 1700, there were about 9,600 slaves in the Chesapeake region and a few hundred in the Carolinas. +Approximately 27.0 % of the population is foreign-born, and 61.7% of the population over the age of 5 speak only English at home. +Possessive plurals that also include apostrophes for mere pluralization and periods appear especially complex: for example, the C.D.'s' labels (the labels of the compact discs). +When building the World Trade Center in 1968 , 1.2 million cubic yards (917,000 m³) of material was excavated from the site. +Various modelling techniques are used, such repoussé ("pushed-back") in metalwork, where a thin metal plate is shaped from behind using various metal or wood punches, producing a relief image. +Glycerophospholipids, usually referred to as phospholipids, are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and cell signaling . +Moderate evidence was found that high salt intake increases cardiovascular mortality ; and some evidence was found for an increase in overall mortality, strokes, and left ventricular hypertrophy. +Denmark , which had been active in the slave trade, was the first country to ban the trade through legislation in 1792, which took effect in 1803. +Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease . +Townships in the United States are generally the product of the Public Land Survey System. +Based on analysis of the genes of domesticated plants, he preferred theories of a single, or at most a very small number of domestication events for each taxa that spread in an arc from the Levantine corridor around the fertile crescent and later into Europe. +Satellite sensors now in practical use for precipitation fall into two categories. +The rules of inference enable the manipulation of quantifiers. Typical Hilbert-style systems have a small number of rules of inference, along with several infinite schemas of logical axioms. +Crowds seem to like fighting in ice hockey and cheer when fighting erupts. +that the structural stability of the pyramid is not primarily a result of its shape. +Marxism–Leninism as a philosophy and a political movement has been criticised over the years from widely different ideological currents, due to its relations with Stalinism , the Soviet Union, state repression in Marxist–Leninist run states and classical Marxism. +With the Suddeten agreement in 1938 , Soviet foreign policy reversed, with Stalin abandoning anti-German policies and adopting pro-German policies. +Structural engineering dates back to 2700 B.C.E. when the step pyramid for Pharaoh Djoser was built by Imhotep , the first engineer in history known by name. +Senators with commitments that keep them from the chamber may make arrangements in advance to be 'paired' with a senator of the opposite political party, so that their absence does not affect the outcome of the vote. + According to legend, the latter of the two apostles is said to have cured Abgar V of Edessa of leprosy with the Image of Edessa, leading to his conversion in 30 AD . +A record was set on December 11, 2010, when the University of Michigan 's men's ice hockey team faced cross-state rival Michigan State in an event billed as "The Big Chill at the Big House." +Many towns center around a "green," such as the Litchfield Green, Lebanon Green (the largest in the state), and Wethersfield Green (the oldest in the state). +Conflict resolution. Economic and/or political decentralization can help prevent or reduce conflict because they reduce actual or perceived inequities between various regions or between a region and the central government. +On the large scale, the highest precipitation amounts outside topography fall in the tropics, closely tied to the Intertropical Convergence Zone, itself the ascending branch of the Hadley cell . +The Great House of Cilicia operates one seminary, the Seminary of Antelias at Bikfaya , Lebanon. +Cognitive neuro-scientist Jean Decety thinks that the ability to recognize and vicariously experience what another individual is undergoing was a key step forward in the evolution of social behavior, and ultimately, morality. +On Memorial Day it is common to place small flags by war memorials and next to the graves of U.S. war veterans. +About 1.56 million people, or about 0.5% of the U.S. population, used an emergency shelter or a transitional housing program between October 1, 2008 and September 30, 2009 . +The 50 states of the United States of America are as follows (this list includes both the postal code abbreviation and the traditional abbreviation for each state): +The controversy that surrounded these examples demonstrated both the importance of backbenchers in party policy deliberations and the limitations to their power to influence outcomes in the Senate chamber. +The ITC continued to borrow until late 1985 , when it reached its credit limit. +They were cultivated around 2500 BC . +During the Classical period, long vowels, except for ⟨I⟩, were frequently marked using the apex , which was sometimes similar to an acute accent ⟨Á É Ó V́ Ý⟩. Long /iː/ was written using a taller version of ⟨I⟩, called i longa "long I": ⟨ꟾ⟩. In modern texts, long vowels are often indicated by a macron ⟨ā ē ī ō ū⟩, and short vowels are usually unmarked, except when necessary to distinguish between words, in which case they are marked with a breve: ⟨ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ⟩. +The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. +The last recorded slave ship to land on American soil was the Clotilde, which in 1859 illegally smuggled a number of Africans into the town of Mobile, Alabama. +Rotterdam was gradually rebuilt from the 1950s through to the 1970s. +The United States Flag Code outlines certain guidelines for the use, display, and disposal of the flag. +In another Gallup poll, 42% of Republicans and Republican-leaning independents identified as economically and socially conservative, followed by 24% as socially and economically moderate or liberal, 20% as socially moderate or liberal and fiscally conservative, and 10% as socially conservative and fiscally moderate or liberal. +The definitions above use infix notation for binary connectives such as ....→...{\displaystyle \to }... +The style of having both a family name (surname) and a given name (forename) is far from universal . +Formal regulation of the insurance industry began in earnest when the first state commissioner of insurance was appointed in New Hampshire in 1851. +However, microwave sensors fly only on low Earth orbit satellites , and there are few enough of them that the average time between observations exceeds three hours. +The new national government established programs that served to orient Turks toward musical traditions , especially those originating in Europe, but musical institutions and visits by foreign classical artists were primarily centered in the new capital. +Drum and Bass remains most popular in the UK, but has developed scenes all around the world, in countries such as the Netherlands, Belgium, New Zealand, Canada and Australia. +The Westgate Centre is named for the original West Gate in the city wall, and is located at the west end of Queen Street. +When it does not, he writes regulation may be necessary. +Republicans and Democrats agreed that bringing the jobs home was the number one solution approach, but differed on other poll questions. +The largest organization that retains Latin in official and quasi-official contexts is the Catholic Church. +In some cultures, including those of most Western countries, the surname or family name ("last name") is placed after the personal or given name (" first name "). +The ruling did not require the university to change its name to reflect its coeducational status and it continues a tradition of academic and leadership development for women by providing liberal arts and professional education to women and men. + It allows the use of sentences that contain variables , so that rather than propositions such as Socrates is a man one can have expressions in the form X is a man where X is a variable. +Constantinople began to decline continuously after the end of the reign of Basil II in 1025 . +A March 2011 Gallup poll reported: "One in four Americans say the best way to create more jobs in the U.S. is to keep manufacturing in this country and stop sending work overseas. +Under their ownership, The Sunday Times continued its reputation for innovation: on 23 November 1930, it became the first Sunday newspaper to publish a 40-page issue and on 21 January 1940 , news replaced advertising on the front page. +Just under 8 percent of homeless U.S. veterans are female. +The hydrolysis of the ester bonds of triglycerides and the release of glycerol and fatty acids from adipose tissue are the initial steps in metabolizing fat. +As of December 2015, employment of 143.2 million was 4.9 million above the pre-crisis peak in January 2008 of 138.3 million. +Founded under the name of Byzantium on the Sarayburnu promontory around 660 BCE, the city developed to become one of the most significant in history. +From all over the Islamic empire, prisoners of war and deported people were sent to the city: these people were called " Sürgün " in Turkish (Greek: σουργουνιδες). +However, the main body of settlers came in one large group in 1636 . +Dolmabahçe Palace, the seat of government during the late Ottoman period, is located in Beşiktaş, just south of Beyoğlu, across from BJK İnönü Stadium , home to Turkey's oldest sports club. +With the exception of Portuguese controlled Angola, coastal African leaders "generally controlled access to their coasts, and were able to prevent direct enslavement of their subjects and citizens." +Finding derivations is a difficult task because the search space can be very large; an exhaustive search of every possible derivation is theoretically possible but computationally infeasible for many systems of interest in mathematics. +Such a sitting has only occurred once, in 1974 . + Mouthpiece design has a profound impact on tone. +Beams and columns are called line elements and are often represented by simple lines in structural modeling. + Similarly, any claims against the policy are charged to the issuing company . +Without the institutions of the Roman empire that had supported its uniformity, medieval Latin lost its linguistic cohesion: for example, in classical Latin sum and eram are used as auxiliary verbs in the perfect and pluperfect passive, which are compound tenses. +At the time the Bowery Mission was established it was located at 36 Bowery , a location that in an earlier time in New York City, played a role in the New York City Draft Riots, when the building was used as a saloon. +Such alleged changes is claimed to have resulted in an inadequate supply of affordable housing to meet the growing demand of low-income populations. +Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world, and Manhattan is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization: the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ. +The other way that the Partisans acquired weapons was from supplies given to them by the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom , including the PPSh-41 and the Sten MKII submachine guns respectively. +At present there are a number of medical schools in the Philippines, notable examples include the University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Our Lady of Fatima University, Far Eastern University – Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation, Saint Louis University International School of Medicine, De La Salle Health Sciences Institute, University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Medicine and Surgery , Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, UERMMMC College of Medicine, St. Luke's College of Medicine–William H. Quasha Memorial, Cebu Doctors' University, Cebu Institute of Medicine, Mindanao State University College of Medicine, Southwestern University, West Visayas State University in Iloilo City, Davao Medical School Foundation in Davao City, Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan, Dr. Jose P. Rizal School of Medicine in Cagayan de Oro, Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation in San Carlos, Pangasinan, and University of Northern Philippines in Vigan. +Christianity is the religion of 41.2% of the people in the state. +Historian John Thornton noted, "A number of technical and geographical factors combined to make Europeans the most likely people to explore the Atlantic and develop its commerce". +The town yielded to Parliamentarian forces under General Fairfax in the Siege of Oxford of 1646 . + That is, they consist of holding companies which own several admitted and surplus insurers (and sometimes a few excess insurers and reinsurers as well). +Numerous colleges and universities are located in Manhattan, including Columbia University , New York University, and Rockefeller University, which have been ranked among the top 35 in the world. +The series pitched in B♭ and E♭, designed for military bands, have proved extremely popular and most saxophones encountered today are from this series. +Jane Jacobs 's 1961 book The Death and Life of Great American Cities was a sustained critique of urban planning as it had developed within Modernism and marked a transition from modernity to postmodernity in thinking about urban planning (Irving 1993, 479). +The sloop Hope, completed in Greenwich in 1948, is believed to be the last oyster sloop built in Connecticut. +An uprising occurred in Serbia two weeks later led by Tito (Uzice Republic), but it was quickly defeated by the Axis forces and support for the Partisans in Serbia thereafter dropped. +Since the 1970s there has been deregulation of some industries, like banking, trucking, airlines and telecommunications which resulted generally in more competition and lower prices.[citation needed] According to Cato Institute , an American libertarian think-tank, some industries deregulation of aspects of an industry were offset by more ambitious regulations elsewhere that hurt consumers, the electricity industry being a prime example. +On 19 May 1968, the paper published its first major campaigning report on the drug Thalidomide, which had been reported by the Australian doctor William McBride in The Lancet in 1961 as associated with birth defects , and quickly withdrawn. +The Löwenheim–Skolem theorem shows that if a first-order theory of cardinality λ has an infinite model, then it has models of every infinite cardinality greater than or equal to λ . +Carolina was not settled until 1670 , and even then the first attempt failed because there was no incentive for emigration to that area. +Ice hockey is one of the fastest growing women 's +The PC Settings app in Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 also includes a counterpart settings page for this. +The Republican candidate for President in 2012, Mitt Romney, lost to incumbent President Barack Obama, the fifth time in six elections the Republican candidate received fewer votes than his Democratic counterpart. +As a musical style built around funk or syncopated rock and roll breaks, James Brown, Al Green, Marvin Gaye, Ella Fitzgerald, Gladys Knight & the Pips, Billie Holiday, Aretha Franklin, Otis Redding, the Supremes, the Commodores , Jerry Lee Lewis and even Michael Jackson, are funky influences on the music. +Likewise, certain types of ethical theories, especially deontological ethics , sometimes distinguish between ethics and morals: "Although the morality of people and their ethics amounts to the same thing, there is a usage that restricts morality to systems such as that of Immanuel Kant, based on notions such as duty, obligation, and principles of conduct, reserving ethics for the more Aristotelian approach to practical reasoning, based on the notion of a virtue, and generally avoiding the separation of 'moral' considerations from other practical considerations." +The first National Honor Society in Neuroscience, Nu Rho Psi, was founded in 2006 . +New Left and libertarian individuals who identified with social, economic, and often political decentralism through the ensuing years included Ralph Borsodi, Wendell Berry, Paul Goodman, Carl Oglesby, Karl Hess, Donald Livingston, Kirkpatrick Sale (author of Human Scale), Murray Bookchin, Dorothy Day, Senator Mark O. Hatfield, Mildred J. Loomis and Bill Kauffman. +The Andes Mountains form a north-south axis of cultural influences. +Along with several Interandean Valles, they are typically dominated by deciduous woodland, shrub and xeric vegetation, reaching the extreme in the slopes near the virtually lifeless Atacama Desert. +Bush also publicly opposed ratification of the Kyoto Protocols which sought to limit greenhouse gas emissions and thereby combat climate change, a decision heavily criticized by climate scientists. +The Partisans were responsible for the successful and sustained evacuation of downed Allied airmen from the Balkans . +The NHL has taken steps to speed up the game of hockey and create a game of finesse, by retreating from the past where illegal hits, fights, and "clutching and grabbing" among players were commonplace . +Although some surnames, such as "London," "Lisboa" or "Bialystok" are derived from large cities , more people reflect the names of smaller communities, as in Ó Creachmhaoil, derived from a village in County Galway. +Today, drum and bass is widely promoted throughout the world using different methods such as video sharing services (YouTube, Dailymotion), blogs, radio and television , the latter being the most uncommon method. +Laws enacted after the Ottoman constitution of 1876 aimed to expand this structure across the city, imitating the twenty arrondissements of Paris, but they were not fully implemented until 1908, when Istanbul was declared a province with nine constituent districts. +For instance, painter Pablo Ruiz Picasso and Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero are known by their maternal surnames as "Picasso" and "Zapatero" . +On 22 February 2016, the Turnbull Liberal government announced several proposed changes. +In 1995, out of 135,000 Muslims, 5,704 had matriculated from secondary school. +Some evolutionary biologists, particularly sociobiologists , believe that morality is a product of evolutionary forces acting at an individual level and also at the group level through group selection (although to what degree this actually occurs is a controversial topic in evolutionary theory). +Postmodernism is a late-20th-century movement in the arts, architecture, and criticism that was a departure from modernism. +In 2013 , a Central Florida Commission on Homelessness study indicated that the region spends $31,000 a year per homeless person to cover "salaries of law-enforcement officers to arrest and transport homeless individuals — largely for nonviolent offenses such as trespassing, public intoxication or sleeping in parks — as well as the cost of jail stays, emergency-room visits and hospitalization for medical and psychiatric issues. +Even though we have a sense of responsibility to pursue moral purposes,[according to whom?] we still, at least occasionally, engage in immoral behaviour . +a drop in inappropriate behavior. +There are some seemingly obvious optimizations of procedure calls that cannot be applied if the procedures may have side effects . + There may be up to three registered tickets for each party. +Notable are the Van Nelle fabriek (1929) a monument of modern factory design by Brinkman en Van der Vlugt , the Jugendstil clubhouse of the Royal Maas Yacht Club designed by Hooijkaas jr. +Although originally an Islamic school, the university established law, medicine, and science departments in the 19th century and was secularized after the founding of the Turkish Republic . +In the 17th century high mortality rates for newcomers and a very high ratio of men to women made family life either impossible or unstable for most colonists. +Ethics (also known as moral philosophy) is the branch of philosophy which addresses questions of morality . +Windows 3.0 , released in 1990, improved the design, mostly because of virtual memory and loadable virtual device drivers (VxDs) that allow Windows to share arbitrary devices between multi-tasked DOS applications.[citation needed] Windows 3.0 applications can run in protected mode, which gives them access to several megabytes of memory without the obligation to participate in the software virtual memory scheme. +Some biomarkers may add to conventional cardiovascular risk factors in predicting the risk of future cardiovascular disease; however, the clinical value of some biomarkers is questionable . +In Germany its foremost spokesman during the Peasant Wars was Thomas Muenzer; in England, Gerrard Winstanley , a leading participant in the Digger movement. +For example, between 1 January and 15 October 1944, according to statistics compiled by the US Air Force Air Crew Rescue Unit, 1,152 American airmen were airlifted from Yugoslavia, 795 with Partisan assistance and 356 with the help of the Chetniks. +On this view, moral codes are ultimately founded on emotional instincts and intuitions that were selected for in the past because they aided survival and reproduction (inclusive fitness). +Williams, fleeing from religious persecution in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, agreed with his fellow settlers on an egalitarian constitution providing for majority rule "in civil things" and "liberty of conscience". +The altitude ranges from 40 m at Jiribam to 2,994 m at Mt. Iso Peak near Mao Songsong. +For modern Westerners , who have been raised on ideals of universality and egalitarianism, this relativity of values and obligations is the aspect of Hinduism most difficult to understand". +Prior to the formation of the conservative coalition, which helped realign the Democratic and Republican party ideologies in the mid-1960s, the party had historically advocated classical liberalism and progressivism . +Separately, the real estate industry accounted for an additional 15 % of economic activity in 2009, with major employers including Realogy; and William Raveis Real Estate. +Historian Pierre Chaunu termed the consequences of European navigation "disenclavement", with it marking an end of isolation for some societies and an increase in inter-societal contact for most others. +It also runs the Shakespeare-in-the-Schools which tours classic theater for K-12 students throughout the Pittsburgh area. +In 1700, there were about 9,600 slaves in the Chesapeake region and a few hundred in the Carolinas . +New deposits are reported to be in southern Mongolia, and in 2009, new deposits of tin were discovered in Colombia, by the Seminole Group Colombia CI, SAS. +Vatican City is also home to the world's only ATM that gives instructions in Latin. +The insular areas include a number of territories under the sovereignty of the United States and three sovereign nations in free association with the United States. +In recent years, largely due to the efforts of the National Coalition for the Homeless (NCH) and academic researchers, the problem of violence against the homeless has gained national attention. +Overall, Istanbul has an annual average of 130 days with significant precipitation, which amounts to 810 millimeters (31.9 in) per year. +Beginning in 1765 the British Parliament asserted its supreme authority to lay taxes, and a series of American protests began that led directly to the American Revolution. +The city also has its own China Town at the (West-) Kruiskade , close to the central railway station. +However, following the successful release of Windows 3.0, the NT development team decided to rework the project to use an extended 32-bit port of the Windows API known as Win32 instead of those of OS/2. +A mid-1830s watercolour portrays New Brunswick lieutenant governor Archibald Campbell and his family with British soldiers on skates playing a stick-on-ice sport. +Britain banned the slave trade in 1807 , imposing stiff fines for any slave found aboard a British ship (see Slave Trade Act 1807). +The vast majority of those enslaved that were transported to the New World, many on the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage, were West Africans from the central and western parts of the continent sold by other western Africans to western European slave traders, with a small minority being captured directly by the slave traders in coastal raids, and brought to the Americas. +Stephen Cummings wrote that decentralization became a "revolutionary megatrend" in the 1980s. +Estimates of tin production have historically varied with the dynamics of economic feasibility and the development of mining technologies, but it is estimated that, at current consumption rates and technologies , the Earth will run out of tin that can be mined in 40 years. +Romney and Ryan were defeated by Obama and Biden . +Children take the surnames of both parents , so if the couple above had two children named "Andrés" and "Ana", then their names would be "Andrés Gómez Reyes" and "Ana Gómez Reyes". +The bulk of the city's trash ultimately is disposed at mega-dumps in Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina and Ohio (via transfer stations in New Jersey, Brooklyn and Queens) since the 2001 closure of the Fresh Kills Landfill on Staten Island. +Other major organizations devoted to neuroscience include the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO), which holds its meetings in a country from a different part of the world each year, and the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS), which holds a meeting in a different European city every two years . +Among the top schools in terms of all-time wins, Pitt teams have claimed nine National Championships and boast 88 players that have been chosen as first-team All-Americans. +Attempts to compensate for snow/ice by warming the tipping bucket meet with limited success, since snow may sublimate if the gauge is kept much above freezing. +The C21 subclass includes the progestogens as well as the glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids . +The University of Cambridge is proposing to introduce a new degree of MedScD (more akin to the ScD degree) awarded on the basis of a career's contribution to the science or art of medicine, rather than a thesis, for which a candidate may be awarded the MD degree. +By the end of the 19th century , Istanbul had established itself as a regional artistic center, with Turkish, European, and Middle Eastern artists flocking to the city. +As of 2010[update], 59.98 % (902,267) of Manhattan residents, ages five and older, spoke only English at home, while 23.07% (347,033) spoke Spanish, 5.33% (80,240) Chinese, 2.03% (30,567) French, 0.78% (11,776) Japanese, 0.77% (11,517) Russian, 0.72% (10,788) Korean, 0.70% (10,496) German, 0.66% (9,868) Italian, 0.64% (9,555) Hebrew, and 0.48% (7,158) African languages as a main language. + During the era of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade (of Africans) many Africans lost their native names and were forced[by whom?] to take the surnames of their slave masters and any given name the slave master desired. +Morality (from the Latin moralitas "manner, character, proper behavior") is the differentiation of intentions, decisions, and actions between those that are distinguished as proper and those that are improper. +A relation from X to Y is a set of ordered pairs (x, y) with x ∈ X and y ∈ Y. A function from X to Y can be described as a relation from X to Y that is left-total and right-unique. +Walter Rodney argued that the export of so many people had been a demographic disaster and had left Africa permanently disadvantaged when compared to other parts of the world, and largely explains the continent's continued poverty. +During these summer months, high temperatures average around 29 °C (84 °F) and rainfall is uncommon; there are only about fifteen days with measurable precipitation between June and August. +The Renaissance briefly reinforced the position of Latin as a spoken language, through its adoption by the Renaissance Humanists . +This restricting view ignores the oppressions women faced determined by their race, class, and sexuality, and gave rise to women of color feminisms that separated from the women's liberation movement, such as Black feminism, Africana womanism, and the Hijas de Cuauhtémoc that emerged at California State University, Long Beach, which was founded by Anna NietoGomez, due to the Chicano Movement's sexism. +Pitt ranked 133rd globally in the 2015/16 QS World University Rankings. +New York City is coterminous with five counties. +Norman Johnson of Los Alamos National Laboratory wrote in a 1999 paper: "A decentralized system is where some decisions by the agents are made without centralized control or processing. +This type of system is called an afocal system , since it produces no net convergence or divergence of the beam. +Choosing a Cartesian coordinate system for a three-dimensional space means choosing an ordered triplet of lines (axes) that are pair-wise perpendicular, have a single unit of length for all three axes and have an orientation for each axis. +Melatonin is a pineal gland secretion and it is shown to be able to lower total cholesterol, very-low-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood plasma of rats. +Rioch originated the integration of basic anatomical and physiological research with clinical psychiatry at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, starting in the 1950s . +However, increasing the number of parameters passed to subroutines can affect code readability . +Insufficient physical activity (defined as less than 5 x 30 minutes of moderate activity per week, or less than 3 x 20 minutes of vigorous activity per week) is currently the fourth leading risk factor for mortality worldwide. +The set of free variables in a formula of Lκω can have any cardinality strictly less than κ, yet only finitely many of them can be in the scope of any quantifier when a formula appears as a subformula of another. +The image is made by cutting the relief sculpture itself into a flat surface . +In the spring of 1944 , the British military mission in Slovenia reported that there was a "steady, slow trickle" of escapes from these camps. +A well-known example is the Revere type lantern , named after Paul Revere. +In 1980, federal funds accounted for 22% of big city budgets, but by 1989 the similar aid composed only 6% of urban revenue (part of a larger 60% decrease in federal spending to support local governments). +Although the word acronym is often used to refer to any abbreviation formed from initial letters, many dictionaries and usage commentators define acronym to mean an abbreviation that is pronounced as a word , in contradistinction to an initialism (or alphabetism)‍—‌an abbreviation formed from a string of initials (and possibly pronounced as individual letters). +The Old Right sharply attacked the "Second New Deal" and said it represented class warfare and socialism . +Unlike Europe, where aristocratic families and the established church were in control, the American political culture was open to economic, social, religious , ethnic and geographical interests, with merchants, landlords, petty farmers, artisans, Anglicans, Presbyterians, Quakers, Germans, Scotch Irish, Yankees, Yorkers, and many other identifiable groups taking part. +The club was founded in 2009 . +The University of Pittsburgh's main campus comprises approximately 132 urban acres (0.53 km2) located in Pittsburgh's historic Oakland neighborhood. +It was the Age of the Enlightenment, and ideas flowed back and forth across the Atlantic, with Philadelphian Benjamin Franklin playing a major role. +The final collapse killed 94 people , mostly children. +The works of Dutch composer Louis Andriessen, for example, exhibit experimentalist preoccupation that is decidedly anti-romantic . + If enough moisture and upward motion is present, precipitation falls from convective clouds such as cumulonimbus and can organize into narrow rainbands. +Goaltender's equipment has continually become larger and larger leading to fewer goals in each game and many official rule changes . +Similarly, derivations in the limited systems may be longer than derivations in systems that include additional connectives. +The first studies on cardiovascular health were performed in year 1949 by Jerry Morris using occupational health data and were published in year 1958. +The southwestern border of Connecticut, where it abuts New York State, is marked by a panhandle in Fairfield County, containing the towns of Greenwich, Stamford, New Canaan, Darien, and parts of Norwalk and Wilton. +In the first treaty between the British East India Company and Meidingu Chingthangkhomba (Bhagyachandra) signed in 1762, the kingdom was recorded as Meckley. Bhagyachandra and his successors issued coins engraved with "Manipureshwar", or "lord of Manipur", and the British discarded the name Meckley. +The report, which revealed great discrimination against women in American life, along with Friedan's book, which spoke to the discontent of many women (especially housewives), led to the formation of many local, state, and federal government women's groups as well as many independent feminist organizations. +Lenses are used as prosthetics for the correction of visual impairments such as myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, and astigmatism. +Langley was professor of astronomy and physics and remained at WUP until 1891, when he was succeeded by another prominent astronomer, James Keeler. + Others, such as Mizar and Isabelle, take a well-formatted proof sketch (which may still be very long and detailed) and fill in the missing pieces by doing simple proof searches or applying known decision procedures: the resulting derivation is then verified by a small, core "kernel". +The NCH called those acts hate crimes (they retain the definition of the American Congress). +According to numerous decisions of the United States Supreme Court, the 50 individual states and the United States as a whole are each sovereign jurisdictions.[citation needed] The 13 original states Thirteen Colonies declared independence from the British Empire in 1776 . +From 1872 , there exist regular and reliable records of water levels in the Baltic Sea. +Each regiment was to carry the national standard in addition to its regimental standard . +In June 1944, the Allied escape organization began to take an active interest in assisting prisoners from camps in southern Austria and evacuating them through Yugoslavia. +The only diagnoses that can be validated through large enough brain studies are those on serious brain damages and neurodegenerative diseases that destroy most of the brain. +The movement is usually believed to have begun in 1963 , when "Mother of the Movement" Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique, and President John F. Kennedy's Presidential Commission on the Status of Women released its report on gender inequality. +In the 13th to 17th centuries, the strongest economic force in Northern Europe was the Hanseatic League , a federation of merchant cities around the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. +The establishment of Constantinople served as one of Constantine's most lasting accomplishments, shifting Roman power eastward as the city became a center of Greek culture and Christianity. +Many districts and landmarks in Manhattan have become well known, as New York City received a record of nearly 60 million tourists in 2015, and Manhattan hosts three of the world's 10 most-visited tourist attractions in 2013: Times Square, Central Park, and Grand Central Terminal. +Francis Hopkinson of New Jersey , a naval flag designer, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence, designed the 1777 flag while he was the Chairman of the Continental Navy Board's Middle Department, sometime between his appointment to that position in November 1776 and the time that the flag resolution was adopted in June 1777. +The Soviet Union itself collapsed between 1990 and 1991, with a rise of secessionist nationalism and a political power dispute between Gorbachev and the new non-communist leader of the Russian Federation, Boris Yeltsin . +In total, 40.02% (602,058) of Manhattan's population, ages 5 and older , spoke a language other than English at home. +It mentions that Leah Esguerra , who is a psychiatric social worker, has a usual routine which is done by making her rounds to different homeless patrons and greeting them to see if she could help them. +its graduates whilst reserving the title of Doctor of Medicine (MD) for their research training degree, analogous to the PhD, or for their honorary doctorates. +The word commonwealth in this context refers to the common "wealth", or welfare, of the public . +Murdoch 's +Between Fredonyer Pass and Lake Tahoe, the peaks range from 5,000 feet (1,500 m) to more than 9,000 feet (2,700 m) . +The effective length is ....K.∗.l...{\displaystyle K*l}.. where ....l...{\displaystyle l}.. is the real length of the column. +Until British supplies began to arrive in appreciable quantities in 1944 , the occupiers were the only source of arms. +Windows 8, the successor to Windows 7, was released generally on October 26, 2012 . +Most of these reliefs are used to narrate sacred scriptures, such as the 1,460 panels of the 9th-century Borobudur temple in Central Java, Indonesia, narrating the Jataka tales or lives of the Buddha. +Throughout the course of the war, British officers trained American ones (most notably George Washington) for battle—which would later benefit the American Revolution . +The graph of a function or relation is the set of all points satisfying that function or relation. +In response to the October Revolution, communist revolution broke out in Germany and Hungary from 1918 to 1920, involving creation of the Bavarian Soviet Republic, the failed Spartacist uprising in Berlin in 1919, and the creation of the Hungarian Soviet Republic. +Aspirin has been found to be of only modest benefit in those at low risk of heart disease as the risk of serious bleeding is almost equal to the benefit with respect to cardiovascular problems. +User applications, including the Windows Shell, are then started with the restricted token, resulting in a reduced privilege environment even under an Administrator account. +Settlement proceeded very slowly, and though New Orleans became an important port as the gateway to the Mississippi River , there was little other economic development because the city lacked a prosperous hinterland. +In addition, this feature enables readers possessing knowledge of the abbreviations not to have to encounter expansions ( redundant to such readers ) +To fit messages into the 160-character limit of SMS, acronyms such as "GF" (girlfriend), "LOL" ( laughing out loud ), +The 14 acres (5.7 ha) Frick Acres property in Oakland was soon purchased and plans for the campus shifted focus from the hillside to a neo-Gothic Revival plan that today comprises the Cathedral of Learning, Heinz Memorial Chapel, Stephen Foster Memorial, and Clapp Hall buildings. +Recent research showed that only some crystalline facets of tetragonal (beta) Sn are responsible for undesirable electrochemical activity. +Several had established outposts on the African coast where they purchased slaves from local African leaders . +In 'Postmodernist Fiction' ( 1987 ), Brian McHale details the shift from modernism to postmodernism, arguing that the former is characterized by an epistemological dominant[clarification needed], and that postmodern works have developed out of modernism and are primarily concerned with questions of ontology. +Using the Cartesian coordinate system, geometric shapes (such as curves) can be described by Cartesian equations: algebraic equations involving the coordinates of the points lying on the shape. +The history of Windows dates back to September 1981 , when Chase Bishop, a computer scientist, designed the first model of an electronic device and project Interface Manager was started. +When Jewish families in Central Europe were forced to adopt surnames in the 18th and 19th centuries, those who failed to choose a surname were often given pejorative or even cruel nicknames (such as "Schweinmann" (" pig man ") or "Schmutz" (a variant of "filthy")) by the local registrar. +Second wavers are typically essentialized as the Baby Boomer generation, when in actuality many feminist leaders of the second-wave were born before World War II ended . +An October 2010 Wall Street Journal/NBC News poll reported that: "[M]ore than half of those surveyed, 53% , said free-trade agreements have hurt the U.S. +Below 40 to 70 m (130 to 230 ft), the salinity is between 1.0% and 1.5% in the open Baltic Sea, and more than this near Danish Straits, but this is still less than half that of ocean water. +Many towns center around a "green," such as the Litchfield Green, Lebanon Green (the largest in the state), and Wethersfield Green (the oldest in the state). +Historically speaking, the Republican base initially consisted of northern white Protestants and African-Americans nationwide, with the first Presidential candidate, John C. Fremont, receiving almost no votes in the South. +The last dynasty in Vietnam was the Nguyen dynasty , so as a result many people have this surname. +Sometimes, Pantone Matching System (PMS) approximations to the flag colors are used. +In 1833, a subgroup of the Bonneville Expedition led by Joseph Reddeford Walker was sent westward to find an overland route to California. +Istanbul is located in north-western Turkey within the Marmara Region on a total area of 5,343 square kilometers (2,063 sq mi).[c] The Bosphorus, which connects the Sea of Marmara to the Black Sea, divides the city into a European, Thracian side—comprising the historic and economic centers—and an Asian, Anatolian side. +Two more allotropes, γ and σ, exist at temperatures above 161 °C (322 °F) and pressures above several GPa . + Significantly, Title V of created the Federal Insurance Office (FIO) in the Department of the Treasury. The FIO is authorized to monitor all aspects of the insurance industry and identify any gaps in the state-based regulatory system. +It also made possible nomadic pastoralism in semi arid areas, along the margins of deserts, and eventually led to the domestication of both the dromedary and Bactrian camel . +Since July 2012, the digital version of the paper has been available on Apple's Newsstand platform , allowing automated downloading of the news section. +Evans was appointed editor of The Times in February 1981 and was replaced at The Sunday Times by Frank Giles. +If such a ballot is tied, the Clerk of the Senate decides the outcome by the drawing of lots . +In some churches, such as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, where the family structure is emphasized, as well as legal marriage, the wife is referred to as " hermana " [sister] plus the surname of her husband. +Large volumetric expansion of tin upon alloying with lithium and instability of the tin-organic electrolyte interface at low electrochemical potentials are the greatest challenges in employing it in commercial cells. +In their report: Hate, Violence, and Death on Mainstreet USA, the NCH reported 386 violent acts committed against homeless persons over the period, among which 155 were lethal. +The above definition of "a function from X to Y" is generally agreed on,[citation needed] however there are two different ways a "function" is normally defined where the domain X and codomain Y are not explicitly or implicitly specified. +Member states of the United States are then typically subdivided into counties . +For each captive, the African rulers would receive a variety of goods from Europe . +To a greater degree than English does, German tends toward acronyms that use initial syllables rather than initial single letters, although it uses many of the latter type as well. +Silicon Alley, centered in Manhattan , has evolved into a metonym for the sphere encompassing the New York City metropolitan region's high tech enterprises, utilizing the Internet, new media, telecommunications, digital media, software development, game design, financial technology ("fintech"), and other fields within information technology that are supported by the New York City metropolitan area's venture capital investments, amounting to over US$3.7 billion across a broad spectrum of high technology enterprises in the first half of 2015, and its entrepreneurship ecosystem. +Ancient Armenia's adoption of Christianity as a state religion (the first state to do so) has been referred to Nina Garsoïan as "probably the most crucial step in its history." +A number of studies have been conducted on the empirics of morality in various countries , and the overall relationship between faith and crime is unclear.[b] A 2001 review of studies on this topic found "The existing evidence surrounding the effect of religion on crime is varied, contested, and inconclusive, and currently no persuasive answer exists as to the empirical relationship between religion and crime." +Structural engineer ing theory is based upon applied physical laws and empirical knowledge of the structural performance of different materials and geometries. +will add an 's' following an apostrophe , as in "PC's". +In the 2008 presidential election, John McCain won 55% of white votes, 35% of Asian votes, 31% of Hispanic votes, and 4% of African American votes. +Modern Architecture, as established and developed by Walter Gropius and Le Corbusier, was focused on the pursuit of a perceived ideal perfection, and attempted harmony of form and function, and dismissal of "frivolous ornament." Critics of modernism argued that the attributes of perfection and minimalism themselves were subjective, and pointed out anachronisms in modern thought and questioned the benefits of its philosophy. +Raindrops have sizes ranging from 0.1 millimetres (0.0039 in) to 9 millimetres (0.35 in) mean diameter, above which they tend to break up. +Adolf Hitler had hoped to conquer the country in just one day, but his forces met unexpectedly fierce resistance. +Almost all the rivers in the valley area are in the mature stage and therefore deposit their sediment load in the Loktak lake. +By 1903, a five-team league had been founded. +Manhattan's most important economic sector lies in its role as the headquarters for the U.S. financial industry , metonymously known as Wall Street. +The new national government established programs that served to orient Turks toward musical traditions, especially those originating in Europe, but musical institutions and visits by foreign classical artists were primarily centered in the new capital . +Connecticut shares with the rest of New England a governmental institution called the New England town. + Liquid forms of precipitation include rain and drizzle . +The Lion Brewery was converted into luxury apartments in 2002. +Istanbul experienced especially rapid growth during the second half of the 20th century, with its population increasing tenfold between 1950 and 2000 . +To consolidate all of its components on one campus, WUP bought 43 acres (170,000 m2) of land in December 1907 in what is now the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh and began relocating departments there by 1909. +They each raise over $100 million per election cycle, and play important roles in recruiting strong state candidates, while the Republican Governors Association (RGA) assists in state gubernatorial races; in 2014 it is chaired by Governor Chris Christie of New Jersey. +In the 1920s, Manhattan experienced large arrivals of African-Americans as part of the Great Migration from the southern United States, and the Harlem Renaissance, part of a larger boom time in the Prohibition era that included new skyscrapers competing for the skyline. +Political philosophies commonly described as libertarian socialist include most varieties of anarchism (especially anarchist communism, anarchist collectivism, anarcho-syndicalism, and mutualism) as well as autonomism, communalism, participism, libertarian Marxist philosophies such as council communism and Luxemburgism, and some versions of "utopian socialism" and individualist anarchism. +Offensive tactics include improving a team's position on the ice by advancing the puck out of one's zone towards the opponent's zone, progressively by gaining lines, first your own blue line, then the red line and finally the opponent's blue line. +The highest point in Istanbul is Çamlıca Hill , with an altitude of 288 meters (945 ft). +If a female has diabetes, she is more likely to develop heart disease than a male with diabetes. +Whereas first-wave feminism focused mainly on suffrage and overturning legal obstacles to gender equality (e.g.., voting rights, property rights) , second-wave feminism broadened the debate to a wide range of issues: sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive rights, de facto inequalities, and official legal inequalities. +At the very beginning, Partisan forces were relatively small, poorly armed and without any infrastructure. +During the English Civil War, Oxford housed the court of Charles I in 1642 , after the king was expelled from London, although there was strong support in the town for the Parliamentarian cause. +To fit messages into the 160-character limit of SMS, acronyms such as "GF" (girlfriend), "LOL" (laughing out loud), and " DL " (download or down low) have been popularized into the mainstream. +Specific examples of uncomputable functions are known, including the busy beaver function and functions related to the halting problem and other undecidable problems. +. The Commission on Social Determinants of Health recommended that more equal distributions of power, wealth, education, housing, environmental factors, nutrition, and health care were needed to address inequalities in cardiovascular disease and non-communicable diseases. +After 1970 , the liberal wing faded away. +Early in the occupation, German forces would hang or shoot indiscriminately, including women, children and the elderly, up to 100 local inhabitants for every one German soldier killed. +The Staten Island Ferry, which runs 24 hours a day, 365 days a year , annually carries over 21 million passengers on the 5.2-mile (8.4 km) run between Manhattan and Staten Island. +These rankings reflect the statistics that each year Pitt spends more than $1.7 billion in the community and supports nearly 33,800 jobs in Allegheny County. +These rivers are corrosive and assume turbulent form in the rainy season. +Another large application for tin is corrosion-resistant tin plating of steel . +Policies that have resulted in increased socio-economic inequalities have been associated with greater subsequent socio-economic differences in cardiovascular disease implying a cause and effect relationship . +Therefore, graduates from the MBBS or MBChB degrees do not hold doctor ates; however, physicians holding these degrees are referred to as "doctor" as they are fully licensed as medical practitioners. +On 2 October 2012, The Sunday Times launched Sunday Times Driving, a separate classified advertising site for premium vehicles that also includes editorial content from the newspaper as well as specially commissioned articles. It can be accessed without cost. +The College of Physicians & Surgeons of Bombay, India (Established 1912 ) also awards higher postgraduate degrees in clinical and pre-clinical specialties, called FCPS; it involves three years of study and the successful completion of an examination, which includes both theoretical and practical elements, and a research thesis and a viva. +A regular verb in Latin belongs to one of four main conjugations . +In Bridgeport, General Electric would produce a significant new weapon to counter opposing tanks: the bazooka . +Connecticut has the highest percentage of Puerto Ricans of any state. +that the structural stability of the pyramid is not primarily a result of its shape. +A total of 132 Allied prisoners of war were rescued from the Germans by the Partisans in a single operation in August 1944 in what is known as the Raid at Ožbalt. +However, due to financial and other constraints, only four of the buildings were constructed in this style, of which only Thaw Hall remains today. +Many insurance providers use the Insurance Services Office, which produces standard policy forms and rating loss costs and then submits these documents on the behalf of member insurers to the state insurance divisions. +Until the end of the 19th century it was common for women, especially those from a very poor background, not to have a surname and so to be known only by their first names. +Jonathan Kramer posits the idea (following Umberto Eco and Jean-François Lyotard ) that postmodernism (including musical postmodernism) is less a surface style or historical period (i.e., condition) than an attitude. +In modern mathematics, a function is defined by its set of inputs, called the domain; a set containing the set of outputs, and possibly additional elements, as members, called its codomain ; and the set of all input-output pairs, called its graph. +Suleiman the Magnificent's reign from 1520 to 1566 was a period of especially great artistic and architectural achievement; chief architect Mimar Sinan designed several iconic buildings in the city, while Ottoman arts of ceramics, stained glass, calligraphy, and miniature flourished. +With Allied air support ( Operation Flotsam ) +The first of these to be established was the Ashmolean Museum , the world's first university museum, and the oldest museum in the UK. +In addition, the Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation has designated the following Pitt buildings as Pittsburgh Historic Landmarks: Allegheny Observatory, Allen Hall, Alumni Hall, Bellefield Hall, Chancellor's Residence, Cathedral of Learning, the Cathedral of Learning interior rooms, Gardner Steel Conference Center, Heinz Memorial Chapel, Thaw Hall, Salk Hall, Schenley Quadrangle residence halls, Stephen Foster Memorial, the University Child Development Center, and the William Pitt Union. + Indeed, many insurers and reinsurers still apply this " 10/10 " test as a benchmark for risk transfer testing. +In October 2013 Father Asoghik Karapetyan , the director of the Museum of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, stated on television that an atheist Armenian is not a "true Armenian". +Replacement of saturated fats with carbohydrates does not change or may increase risk. Benefits from replacement with polyunsaturated fat appears greatest; however, supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids (a type of polysaturated fat) does not appear to have an effect. +The decentralist movement attracted Southern Agrarians like Robert Penn Warren, as well as journalist Herbert Agar . +These were transported across Slovenia, from where many were airlifted from Semič, while others made the longer overland trek down through Croatia for a boat passage to Bari in Italy. +Coronary heart diseases are 2 to 5 times more common among middle-aged men than women. + According to legend, the latter of the two apostles is said to have cured Abgar V of Edessa of leprosy with the Image of Edessa, leading to his conversion in 30 AD. +The Southern Colonies were mainly dominated by the wealthy planters in Maryland, Virginia, and South Carolina . +A separate federal district, the District of Columbia (DC) , which is under the direct authority of Congress, was formed from land ceded to the Federal Government by the states of Maryland and Virginia; however, the territory ceded by Virginia was returned to that state in 1846. +When the First Spanish Republic was established in 1873 after the abdication of King Amadeo, the first president, Estanislao Figueras, named Francesc Pi i Margall Minister of the Interior. +In response to the October Revolution, communist revolution broke out in Germany and Hungary from 1918 to 1920, involving creation of the Bavarian Soviet Republic, the failed Spartacist uprising in Berlin in 1919 , and the creation of the Hungarian Soviet Republic. +The admission of states into the United States, beyond the original thirteen states, is authorized under Article IV, Section 3 , of the Constitution of the United States. +George Whitefield came over from England and made many converts. + The hailstone then may undergo ' wet growth ', where the liquid outer shell collects other smaller hailstones. +By 1640, 20,000 had arrived; many died soon after arrival, but the others found a healthy climate and an ample food supply. +The last year of medical school consists of the so-called "practical year" (Praktisches Jahr, PJ). +Anti-slavery treaties were signed with over 50 African rulers . +In such a 2D diagram of a 3D coordinate system, the z axis would appear as a line or ray pointing down and to the left or down and to the right, depending on the presumed viewer or camera perspective . +By 1660, French fur trappers, missionaries, and military detachments based in Montreal pushed west along the Great Lakes upriver into the Pays d'en Haut and founded outposts at Green Bay, Fort de Buade and Saint Ignace (both at Michilimackinac), Sault Sainte Marie, Vincennes, and Detroit in 1701 . +Adiabatic cooling occurs when air rises and expands. +They had the ability to build ocean-worthy ships, but did not have as strong a history of colonization in foreign lands as did Portugal and Spain . +Turabian would therefore prefer "DVDs" and "URLs" and " Ph.D.'s ", while the Modern Language Association explicitly says, "do not use an apostrophe to form the plural of an abbreviation". +If a subprogram can function properly even when called while another execution is already in progress , that subprogram is said to be reentrant. +Bell metal is also a copper-tin alloy, containing 22% tin. +These stem categories descend from Indo-European, and can therefore be compared to similar conjugations in other Indo-European languages. +Further south in southern Patagonia the onset of the Andean orogeny caused the Magallanes Basin to evolve from being an extensional back-arc basin in the Mesozoic to being a compressional foreland basin in the Cenozoic. +Savanna climates and areas with monsoon regimes have wet summers and dry winters. +Windows ME incorporated visual interface enhancements from its Windows NT -based counterpart Windows 2000, had faster boot times than previous versions (which however, required the removal of the ability to access a real mode DOS environment, removing compatibility with some older programs), expanded multimedia functionality (including Windows Media Player 7, Windows Movie Maker, and the Windows Image Acquisition framework for retrieving images from scanners and digital cameras), additional system utilities such as System File Protection and System Restore, and updated home networking tools. +The Upper East Side has many art galleries, and the downtown neighborhood of Chelsea is known for its more than 200 art galleries that are home to modern art from both upcoming and established artists. +Followers of Edwards and other preachers of similar religiosity called themselves the " New Lights ", as contrasted with the "Old Lights", who disapproved of their movement. +a complex non-linear relationship. +Large farmers and merchants became wealthy, while farmers with smaller farms and artisans only made enough for subsistence. +This advantage was reinforced when France lost its most important colony, St. Domingue (western Hispaniola, now Haiti), to a slave revolt in 1791 and supported revolts against its rival Britain, after the 1793 French revolution in the name of liberty. +After 1720, mid-Atlantic farming stimulated with the international demand for wheat . +Such benefits included military technology (specifically guns and gunpowder), gold, or simply maintaining amicable trade relationships with European nations. The slave trade was therefore a means for some African elite to gain economic advantages. +For instance, former Chairman of the Supreme Military Junta of Ecuador , General Luis Telmo Paz y Miño Estrella, has Luis as his first given name, Telmo as his middle name, the true compound surname Paz y Miño as his first (i.e. paternal) surname, and Estrella as his second (i.e. maternal) surname. +tributyltin hydride (Sn(C4H9)3H) . +The Turkish government also has ambitious plans for an expansion of the city west and northwards on the European side in conjunction with plans for a third airport and the city's Olympic bid; the new parts of the city will include four different settlements with specified urban functions, housing 1.5 million people . +Indianapolis is notable among cities of similar size for having only faith-based shelters , such as the century-old Wheeler Mission. +A simple lens consists of a single piece of material , while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses (elements), usually along a common axis. +Humans consequently evolved "pro-social" emotions, such as feelings of empathy or guilt , in response to these moral behaviors. +Tetraalkyl- and tetraaryltin compounds can be prepared using Grignard reagents: +The high quality of healthcare, especially in private hospitals, has contributed to a recent upsurge in medical tourism to Turkey (with a 40 percent increase between 2007 and 2008). +Summer is hot and often humid throughout the state, with average highs in New London of 81 °F (27 °C) and 87 °F (31 °C) in Windsor Locks. +The flag is displayed at half-staff (half-mast in naval usage) as a sign of respect or mourning . +Because they function as an energy store , these lipids comprise the bulk of storage fat in animal tissues. +A "penalty shot" is awarded to a player when the illegal actions of another player stop a clear scoring opportunity, most commonly when the player is on a "breakaway" . +First-order logic is a collection of formal systems used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics , +Hockey is an "off-side" game, meaning that forward passes are allowed, unlike in rugby. +By this point the 13 colonies had organized themselves into the Continental Congress and began setting up shadow governments and drilling their militia in preparation for war. +At the onset of winter , the Partisans effectively controlled the entire eastern half of Yugoslavia – Serbia, Vardar Macedonia and Montenegro, as well as the Dalmatian coast.[citation needed] +To define a function, sometimes a dot notation is used in order to emphasize the functional nature of an expression without assigning a special symbol to the variable . +Americans also suggest creating jobs by increasing infrastructure work, lowering taxes, helping small businesses, and reducing government regulation ." +Eventually the party discovered a route along the Humboldt River across present-day Nevada, ascending the Sierra Nevada, starting near present-day Bridgeport and descending between the Tuolumne and Merced River drainage. +The definition of a function as a triple defines a function as a type of correspondence , whereas the definition of a function as a set of ordered pairs defines a function as a type of relation. +The carbon chain, typically between four and 24 carbons long , may be saturated or unsaturated, and may be attached to functional groups containing oxygen, halogens, nitrogen, and sulfur. +He accused them of plotting against the Party's agreed strategy and forced them to resign from the Politburo and political office. +The first fully developed manifestation of the entire Neolithic complex is seen in the Middle Eastern Sumerian cities (c. 5,500 BP), whose emergence also heralded the beginning of the Bronze Age . +Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat. +The patent encompassed 14 versions of the fundamental design, split into two categories of seven instruments each, and ranging from sopranino to contrabass . +By the middle of the 18th century, New England's way of life was threatened by overpopulation, going from about 100,000 people in 1700 to 250,000 in 1725 and 375,000 in 1750 thanks to high birth rates and relatively high overall life expectancy (a 15-year-old boy in 1700 could expect to live to about 63). +There are many models of soprano saxophone that have a key for high G, and most modern models of baritone saxophone have an extended bore and key to produce low A ; it is also possible to play a low A on any saxophone by blocking the end of the bell, usually with the foot or inside of the left thigh. +Neither the establishment of the Connecticut Colony or the Quinnipiack Colony was carried out with the sanction of the English Crown , and they were independent political entities. +Several processes , to varying degrees internal to either a major or minor party, are in practice nearly prerequisites to being permitted mention on the provided ballots, and even more so to winning office. +Headmanning the puck, also known as breaking out, is the tactic of rapidly passing to the player farthest down the ice. +For instance, former Chairman of the Supreme Military Junta of Ecuador, General Luis Telmo Paz y Miño Estrella, has Luis as his first given name, Telmo as his middle name, the true compound surname Paz y Miño as his first (i.e. paternal) surname, and Estrella as his second (i.e. maternal) surname. +This contrasts with the Dutch approach, in which graduates are literally 'basic doctors' (basisartsen) who have yet to decide on a specialty. +Each surface can be convex (bulging outwards from the lens), concave (depressed into the lens), or planar (flat) . +Luis Telmo Paz y Miño Estrella is also known more casually as Luis Paz y Miño , Telmo Paz y Miño, or Luis Telmo Paz y Miño. + Likewise, (x, −y) are the coordinates of its reflection across the first coordinate axis ( the X-axis ). +Tin is also used as a negative electrode in advanced Li-ion batteries. +Towns and towns hips are subdivisions of counties. +Traditions related to athletics include the "Victory Lights", where golden flood lights illuminate the top of the Cathedral of Learning after every football victory and select other athletic achievements. +These true compound surnames are passed on and inherited as compounds . +Russia became and remained a dominating power in the Baltic . +Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs). +For example, the Navajo Nation is subdivided into agencies and Chapter houses. +Yet, while postmodern design did not consist of one unified graphic style , the movement was an expressive and playful time for designers who searched for more and more ways to go against the system. +The Constitution of the United States establishes the political government for the Federal government of the United States, which includes, among other things, judicial review, power to regulate citizenship, power to coin money, power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, conduct foreign policy, and to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. +As soon as work had begun the Partisans, to quote a New Zealand eye-witness, "swooped down the hillside and disarmed the eighteen guards ". +The several hundred settlers were centered around the capital of Fort Christina , at the location of what is today the city of Wilmington, Delaware. +Some programming languages, such as Pascal, Fortran, Ada and many dialects of BASIC, distinguish between functions or function subprograms, which provide an explicit return value to the calling program, and subroutines or procedures, which do not. +He served 1953 –63. + This function will be referred to as the "color-of-the-shape function" . +In worldwide evaluations of universities, Newsweek ranked Pitt 37th in its "The Top 100 Global Universities." +For example, in computer science, many situations can be modeled as a directed graph of states ( nodes ) and connections (directed edges). +From March 2010 to September 2012, over 4.3 million jobs were added, with consecutive months of employment increases from October 2010 to December 2015. +In Ethiopia and Eritrea, a child adopts the given name of one of their parents, usually the father, as a pseudo-surname . +Communist revolution erupted in the Americas in this period, including revolutions in Bolivia, Cuba, El Salvador, Grenada, Nicaragua, Peru, and Uruguay . +Istanbul is located in north-western Turkey within the Marmara Region on a total area of 5,343 square kilometers (2,063 sq mi).[c] The Bosphorus, which connects the Sea of Marmara to the Black Sea, divides the city into a European, Thracian side—comprising the historic and economic centers—and an Asian, Anatolian side. +Latin was written in the Latin alphabet, derived from the Old Italic alphabet, which was in turn drawn from the Greek and ultimately the Phoenician alphabet . +Gorbachev also aimed to seek détente with the West and end the Cold War that was no longer economically sustainable to be pursued by the Soviet Union. +This is true especially in the Anglosphere, but also sometimes even in the Hispanic world , since to many Hispanics unfamiliar with this and other compound surnames, "Paz y Miño" might be inadvertently mistaken as "Paz" for the paternal surname and "Miño" for the maternal surname. +A general function is often denoted by f. Special functions have names, for example, the signum function is denoted by sgn. + The red circle is parallel to the horizontal xy-plane and indicates rotation from the x-axis to the y-axis (in both cases). +Examples of Old English elements are frequently found in the second element of habitational names. +On August 19, 1848, the New York Herald was the first major newspaper on the East Coast to report the discovery of gold. +This is done because American born English-speakers are not aware of the Hispanic custom of using two last names and thus mistake the first last name of the individual for a middle name . +Early Byzantine architecture followed the classical Roman model of domes and arches, but improved upon these elements, as in the Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus. + Thus, fog and mist are not precipitation but suspensions, because the water vapor does not condense sufficiently to precipitate. +Decentralization ideally happens as a careful, rational, and orderly process, but it often takes place during times of economic and political crisis , the fall of a regime and the resultant power struggles. +From the late 1940s and early 1950s, Istanbul underwent great structural change , as new public squares, boulevards, and avenues were constructed throughout the city, sometimes at the expense of historical buildings. +Some counties, such as Arlington County, Virginia , do not have any additional subdivisions. +In China, the government refused to negotiate with student protestors resulting in the Tianamen Square attacks that stopped the revolts by force. +Free market ideas popular in the 19th century, such as those of Adam Smith returned to prominence in the 1970s and 1980s. +Job creation would have to average 208,000 per month to close the gap by 2020; 320,000 by 2017; or 472,000 by mid-2015. +According to the most recent Gallup poll, 25% of Americans identify as Republican and 16 % identify as leaning Republican. +In November 1988, a new development team within Microsoft (which included former Digital Equipment Corporation developers Dave Cutler and Mark Lucovsky) began work on a revamped version of IBM and Microsoft's OS/2 operating system known as "NT OS/2". +Multilingual support is built into Windows. + Water vapour normally begins to condense on condensation nuclei such as dust, ice, and salt in order to form clouds. +It was not until the Moorish conquest of Spain in 711 cut off communications between the major Romance regions that the languages began to diverge seriously. +so the numbers grew rapidly by excesses of births over deaths, reaching 4 million by the 1860 Census. +The Andes Mountains host large ore and salt deposits and some of their eastern fold and thrust belt acts as traps for commercially exploitable amounts of hydrocarbons. +They are designed by ensuring that the line of thrust of the force remains within the depth of the arch. +Control was by Spain ( 223 years ) +The city's leading football club, Oxford United , are currently in League Two, the fourth tier of league football, though they enjoyed some success in the past in the upper reaches of the league. +These storms can be severe, and the state usually averages one tornado per year . +Naval forces of the resistance were formed as early as 19 September 1942 , when Partisans in Dalmatia formed their first naval unit made of fishing boats, which gradually evolved into a force able to engage the Italian Navy and Kriegsmarine and conduct complex amphibious operations. +During the mid- to late-19th century, an acronym-disseminating trend spread through the American and European business communities: abbreviating corporation names in places where space was limited for writing—such as on the sides of railroad cars (e.g., Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad → RF&P); on the sides of barrels and crates; and on ticker tape and in the small-print newspaper stock listings that got their data from it (e.g., American Telephone and Telegraph Company → AT&T ). +In 1896 , the first ice hockey league in the U.S. was formed. +The flag is customarily flown year-round at most public buildings, and it is not unusual to find private houses flying full-size ( 3 by 5 feet (0.91 by 1.52 m)) flags. +The amateur game penalizes fisticuffs more harshly, as a player who receives a fighting major is also assessed at least a 10-minute misconduct penalty (NCAA and some Junior leagues) or a game misconduct penalty and suspension (high school and younger, as well as some casual adult leagues). +An interpretation (or model) of a first-order formula specifies what each predicate means and the entities that can instantiate the variables. + On the leeward side of mountains, desert climates can exist due to the dry air caused by compressional heating. +On 31 May 2007, the Governor of Alabama , Bob Riley, signed a resolution expressing "profound regret" for Alabama's role in slavery and apologizing for slavery's wrongs and lingering effects. +The examples of Indian high reliefs can be found in Khajuraho temple , that displaying voluptuous twisting figures that often describes the erotic Kamasutra positions. +Arsenical bronze objects appear first in the Near East where arsenic is commonly found in association with copper ore, but the health risks were quickly realized and the quest for sources of the much less hazardous tin ores began early in the Bronze Age. +There were an estimated 57,849 homeless veterans estimated in the United States during January 2013; or 12 percent of all homeless adults. +The arrangement as expressed in the Australian Constitution, however, still leaves the Senate with the power to reject supply bills or defer their passage – undoubtedly one of the Senate's most contentious and powerful abilities. +Postmodernist ideas in philosophy and the analysis of culture and society expanded the importance of critical theory and has been the point of departure for works of literature, architecture, and design, as well as being visible in marketing/business and the interpretation of history, law and culture, starting in the late 20th century. +Normally a relation is just defined as a set of ordered pairs and a correspondence is defined as a triple (X, Y, F), however the distinction between the two is often blurred or a relation is never referred to without specifying the two sets. +In fact, tin was one of the first superconductors to be studied; the Meissner effect, one of the characteristic features of superconductors, was first discovered in superconducting tin crystals . +Average height went down from 5'10" (178 cm) for men and 5'6" (168 cm) for women to 5'5" (165 cm) and 5'1" (155 cm), respectively, and it took until the twentieth century for average human height to come back to the pre-Neolithic Revolution levels. +Precipitation is a major component of the water cycle , and is responsible for depositing the fresh water on the planet. +James H. Ward of Hartford was the first U.S. Naval Officer killed in the Civil War. +Rodney states that changes in productivity, technology and patterns of exchange in Europe and the Americas informed the decision by the British to end their participation in the trade in 1807. +It remained quite windy and open until the city councils from the 1980s on began developing an active architectural policy. +In New England, the Puritans created self-governing communities of religious congregations of farmers, or yeomen, and their families . +The Guyanese historian Walter Rodney (1972) has argued that it was an unequal relationship, with Africans being forced into a "colonial" trade with the more economically developed Europeans, exchanging raw materials and human resources (i.e. slaves) for manufactured goods . +Triglycerides, stored in adipose tissue , are a major form of energy storage both in animals and plants. +The concept of a "surname" is a relatively recent historical development, evolving from a medieval naming practice called a "byname" . +Furthermore, in the absence of a universal health-care plan, many of those in need cannot afford such services. +One of two objectives of the movement, which was the military arm of the Unitary National Liberation Front (UNOF) coalition, led by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) and represented by the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNNOJ), the Yugoslav wartime deliberative assembly, was to fight the occupying forces. +No specific law governs the legality of fringe, but a 1925 opinion of the attorney general addresses the use of fringe (and the number of stars) "... is at the discretion of the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy ..." as quoted from footnote in previous volumes of Title 4 of the United States Code law books and is a source for claims that such a flag is a military ensign not civilian. +In vertebrates, the nervous system can be split into two parts, the central nervous system ( brain and spinal cord), and the peripheral nervous system. + Although Argentina is a Spanish-speaking country, it is also composed of other varied European influences, such as Italian, French, Russian, German, etc . +Summers are dry with low humidity; however, afternoon thunderstorms are common, particularly during the North American Monsoon . +Other diagnostic tests and biomarkers remain under evaluation but currently these lack clear-cut evidence to support their routine use. +Along the European side, and closer to the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge, is Emirgan Park ; originally a private estate belonging to Ottoman leaders, the 47-hectare (120-acre) park is known for its diversity of plants and an annual tulip festival held since 2005. +Children typically use their fathers' last names only. +Students are required to spend three four -month clerkships, two of them in a hospital (internal medicine and surgery) as well as one elective, which can be one of the other clinical subjects (e. g. family medicine, anesthesiology, neurology, pediatrics, radiology etc.). +Marxist–Leninist cultural policy focuses upon modernisation and distancing society from: the past, the bourgeoisie , and the old intelligentsia. +In the Netherlands, Rotterdam has the highest percentage of foreigners from non-industrialised nations. +The Pittsburgh Pirates and the New York Americans eventually dropped out of the league, leaving the NHL composed of the famous Original Six teams, the New York Rangers, Boston Bruins, Chicago Blackhawks, Detroit Red Wings, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Montreal Canadiens. + Insurance companies were, in large part, prohibited from writing more than one line of insurance until laws began to permit multi-line charters in the 1950s. +Markings on the ice indicate the locations for the faceoff and guide the positioning of players. +Diversity. Norman L. Johnson writes that diversity plays an important role in decentralized systems like ecosystems, social groups, large organizations, political systems. +Age is by far the most important risk factor in developing cardiovascular or heart diseases, with approximately a tripling of risk with each decade of life. +shooting the puck into the offensive zone and then chasing after it ). +It was the Age of the Enlightenment, and ideas flowed back and forth across the Atlantic, with Philadelphian Benjamin Franklin playing a major role. +Most Sunnis follow the Hanafi school of Islamic thought, although approximately 10 percent of Sunnis follow the Shafi'i school. +This is true in all areas of the world except Africa . +One feature of the government having a majority in both chambers between 1 July 2005 and the 2007 elections was the potential for an increased emphasis on internal differences between members of the government parties. +In 1939, the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany agreed to both a non-aggression pact and an agreement to invade and partition Poland between them, resulting in the invasion of Poland in September 1939 by Germany and the Soviet Union and the beginning of World War II, with the Allies declaring war on Germany. + Soldiers cut up their shirts to make the white stripes; scarlet material to form the red was secured from red flannel petticoats of officers' wives, while material for the blue union was secured from Capt. Abraham Swartwout 's +The University Center for International Studies (UCIS) coordinates international education curricula, centers on topical specializations in international studies, and the centers for area studies, including the National Resource Centers, among existing faculty and departments throughout the university. +The Partisans did not have an official agenda of liquidating their enemies and their cardinal ideal was the " brotherhood and unity " of all Yugoslav nations (the phrase became the motto for the new Yugoslavia). +By 1770, a bushel of wheat cost twice as much as it did in 1720 . +Although Winthrop's charter favored the Connecticut colony, New Haven remained a seat of government with Hartford until after the American Revolution. +Multiple surnames may be derived from a single given name: e.g. there are thought to be over 90 Italian surnames based on the given name " Giovanni ." +Americans sued each other at a very high rate, with binding decisions made not by a great lord but by local judges and juries. +In 1763, Louisiana around New Orleans and west of the Mississippi River was ceded to Spain. +The Icelandic system , formerly used in much of Scandinavia, does not use family names. +The formation of the modern Andes began with the events of the Triassic when Pangaea began to break up and several rifts developed. +Structural engineers often specialize in particular fields, such as bridge engineering, building engineering, pipeline engineering, industrial structures, or special mechanical structures such as vehicles, ships or aircraft. +Gas and electric service is provided by Consolidated Edison to all of Manhattan. +One can use the same principle to specify the position of any point in three-dimensional space by three Cartesian coordinates, its signed distances to three mutually perpendicular planes (or, equivalently, by its perpendicular projection onto three mutually perpendicular lines). +In the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, Poland, Denmark, and Sweden fought wars for Dominium maris baltici ("Lordship over the Baltic Sea"). + There are four medicine faculties situated in the major cities of Tunis, Sfax, Sousse and Monastir . +The rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazis in Germany in 1933 resulted in the Soviet Union initially terminating the political connections it previously had established with Germany in the 1920s and Stalin turned to accommodate Czechoslovakia and the West against Hitler. +The low reliefs of 2nd-century BCE to 6th-century CE Ajanta Caves and 5th to 10th-century Ellora Caves in India are rock reliefs . +William Penn , the man who founded the colony of Pennsylvania in 1682, attracted an influx of British Quakers with his policies of religious liberty and freehold ownership. +How the Grinch Stole Christmas!, +Every Northeastern state except for New Hampshire has voted Democratic six straight elections or more. +Tenements were usually five-stories high, constructed on the then-typical 25x100 lots, with "cockroach landlords" exploiting the new immigrants. +One group sailed on the Mayflower and settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620. +It is mainly used to increase the bountifulness of any structure . +Most of western and southern Connecticut (particularly the Gold Coast ) is strongly associated with New York City; this area is the most affluent and populous region of the state. +Despite the Great Depression, some of the world's tallest skyscrapers were completed in Manhattan during the 1930s, including numerous Art Deco masterpieces that are still part of the city's skyline today, most notably the Empire State Building, the Chrysler Building, and the GE Building. +Many prestigious private prep schools are located in Manhattan, including the Upper East Side's Brearley School , Dalton School, Browning School, Spence School, Chapin School, Nightingale-Bamford School, Convent of the Sacred Heart, Hewitt School, Saint David's School, and Loyola School, along with the Upper West Side's Collegiate School and Trinity School. +Despite the affiliation with the ecstasy-fuelled rave scene, Jungle also inherited some associations with violence and criminal activity , both from the gang culture that had affected the UK's hip-hop scene and as a consequence of jungle's often aggressive or menacing sound and themes of violence (usually reflected in the choice of samples). +The Coalition requires votes of at least six non-government Senators to pass legislation. + Areas in their path can receive a year's worth of rainfall from a tropical cyclone passage. +Ayurveda M.D (Ayu) (Ayurveda vachaspati) is a master's degree accepted by University Grants Commission (Sri Lanka), after completion of MPhil can follow PhD level programmes in Sri Lanka. +Cartesian coordinates are the foundation of analytic geometry, and provide enlightening geometric interpretations for many other branches of mathematics, such as linear algebra, complex analysis, differential geometry, multivariate calculus, group theory and more. +In an editorial in the liberal Aravot daily Aram Abrahamyan suggested that religious identity should not be equated with national (ethnic) identity and it is up to every individual to decide whether they are Armenian or not, regardless of religion. +The structural design must ensure that such structures are able to endure such loading for their entire design life without failing. +With the death of Stalin in 1953, Nikita Khrushchev gradually ascended to power in the Soviet Union and announced a radical policy of de-Stalinisation of the Communist Party and the country, condemning Stalin for excesses and tyranny. +Although New York County is the United States' second-smallest county by land area (larger only than Kalawao County, Hawaii), it is also the most densely populated U.S. county. +Windows implemented an elaborate, segment-based, software virtual memory scheme, which allows it to run applications larger than available memory: code segments and resources are swapped in and thrown away when memory became scarce ; data segments moved in memory when a given application had relinquished processor control. +Pitt ranked 70th worldwide (and 41st in the U.S.) in the 2015 Shanghai Jiao Tong University's Academic Ranking of World Universities. +Luis Telmo Paz y Miño Estrella is also known more casually as Luis Paz y Miño, Telmo Paz y Miño, or Luis Telmo Paz y Miño. +Punched tin lanterns are the most common application of this artisan technique. +Additional changes implemented included temporary computer passes and generous in-house reading space to counteract the policies in place that may prevent the homeless from obtaining a library card (Collins, 2009).New York Public Library offers services to those homeless residing in shelters. +In 1963 , freelance journalist Gloria Steinem gained widespread popularity among feminists after a diary she authored while working undercover as a Playboy Bunny waitress at the Playboy Club was published as a two-part feature in the May and June issues of Show. +The three major rules of play in ice hockey that limit the movement of the puck: " offside", "icing", and the puck going out of play. A player is "offside" if he enters his opponent's zone before the puck itself. +Wall Street investment banking fees in 2012 totaled approximately US$40 billion , while in 2013, senior New York City bank officers who manage risk and compliance functions earned as much as US$324,000 annually. +Owing largely to the prominence of the religious right in conservative politics in the United States, the Republican Party has taken positions regarded by many as outwardly hostile to the gay rights movement . +For example, cop is commonly cited as being derived, it is presumed, from " constable on patrol ," and posh from "port out, starboard home". + Evaporative cooling occurs when moisture is added to the air through evaporation, which forces the air temperature to cool to its wet-bulb temperature, or until it reaches saturation. +The first release of the resulting operating system, Windows NT 3.1 (named to associate it with Windows 3.1) was released in July 1993, with versions for desktop workstations and servers. +U.S. corporate after-tax profits were at record levels during 2012 while corporate tax revenue was below its historical average relative to GDP. +In Hawaii, Mount Waiʻaleʻale, on the island of Kauai , is notable for its extreme rainfall, as it has the second highest average annual rainfall on Earth, with 12,000 millimetres (460 in). +As part of Hebrew patronymic names , Ben is followed by the father's name, e.g. ben adam (Hebrew: בן אדם‎) or Abraham ben Abraham. +The most familiar saccharolipids are the acylated glucosamine precursors of the Lipid A component of the lipopolysaccharides in Gram-negative bacteria. +The structural design for a building must ensure that the building is able to stand up safely, able to function without excessive deflections or movements which may cause fatigue of structural elements, cracking or failure of fixtures , fittings or partitions, or discomfort for occupants. +There is no natural interpretation of multiplying vectors to obtain another vector that works in all dimensions, however there is a way to use complex numbers to provide such a multiplication. +The adipocyte, or fat cell, is designed for continuous synthesis and breakdown of triglycerides in animals, with breakdown controlled mainly by the activation of hormone-sensitive enzyme lipase . +In October 2009, as part of the city's Leading the Way initiative, Mayor Thomas Menino of Boston dedicated and opened the Weintraub Day Center which is the first city-operated day center for chronically homeless persons. +As a raindrop increases in size, its shape becomes more oblate , with its largest cross-section facing the oncoming airflow. +The coordinates can also be defined as the positions of the perpendicular projections of the point onto the two axes, expressed as signed distances from the origin . +The inability to feel empathy is one of the defining characteristics of psychopathy, and this would appear to lend support to Decety's view. +Abbreviations using numbers for other purposes include repetitions , such as W3C ("World Wide Web Consortium") and T3 (Trends, Tips & Tools for Everyday Living); pronunciation, such as B2B ("business to business"); and numeronyms, such as i18n ("internationalization"; 18 represents the 18 letters between the initial i and the final n). +The major international music labels such as Sony Music and Universal have shown very little interest in the drum and bass scene though there have been a few signings, most recently Pendulum's In Silico LP to Warner. +After the Fundamental Orders, Connecticut was granted governmental authority by King Charles II of England through the Connecticut Charter of 1662 . +Because the negative effects of slavery on the economies of Africa have been well documented, namely the significant decline in population , some African rulers likely saw an economic benefit from trading their subjects with European slave traders. +Gore and Lieberman fell five votes short of George W. Bush and Dick Cheney in the Electoral College. +However, it may occur as " silent decentralization " in the absence of reforms as changes in networks, policy emphasize and resource availability lead inevitably to a more decentralized system. +In general, the traditions followed in countries like Brazil, Portugal and Angola are somewhat different from the ones in Spain . +Folk religions are practiced by about 8% of the state's people. +Since D.C. does not have enough shelter units available, every winter it books hotel rooms in the suburbs with an average cost around $100 for a night. +Some of the best-known New York City public high schools, such as Beacon High School, Stuyvesant High School, Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School, High School of Fashion Industries, Eleanor Roosevelt High School, NYC Lab School, Manhattan Center for Science and Mathematics, Hunter College High School and High School for Math, Science and Engineering at City College are located in Manhattan. +Their first settlement was founded in 1784 by Grigory Shelikhov . +In other cases structural failures require careful study , and the results of these inquiries have resulted in improved practices and greater understanding of the science of structural engineering. +Abdi İpekçi Street in Nişantaşı and Bağdat Avenue on the Anatolian side of the city have evolved into high-end shopping districts. +There was a further change of ownership in 1903, and then in 1915 the paper was bought by William Berry and his brother, Gomer Berry, later ennobled as Lord Camrose and Viscount Kemsley respectively. +The genre has influenced many other genres like hip hop, big beat, dubstep, house music, trip hop, ambient music, techno, rock and pop, with artists such as Bill Laswell, Incubus, Pitchshifter, Linkin Park, The Roots, Talvin Singh, MIDIval Punditz, Missy Elliott, The Freestylers, Bowery Electric, Nine Inch Nails, David Bowie (the last two both using elements of Goldie's "Timeless")[citation needed] and others quoting drum and bass and using drum and bass techniques and elements. +Voluntary boards establish protocols, but cannot stop anyone from developing new ones. +Kuleli Military High School, along the shores of the Bosphorus in Çengelköy , and Turkish Naval High School, located on one of the Princes' Islands, are military high schools, complemented by three military academies—the Turkish Air Force, Turkish Military, and Turkish Naval Academies. +In October 2009 , as part of the city's Leading the Way initiative, Mayor Thomas Menino of Boston dedicated and opened the Weintraub Day Center which is the first city-operated day center for chronically homeless persons. +There are four main mechanisms for cooling the air to its dew point: adiabatic cooling, conductive cooling, radiational cooling, and evaporative cooling. +Medieval Latin might use fui and fueram instead. +Those bands bring strong localized snowfall which can be understood as follows: Large water bodies such as lakes efficiently store heat that results in significant temperature differences (larger than 13 °C or 23 °F) between the water surface and the air above . +Other changes include increased integration with cloud services and other online platforms (such as social networks and Microsoft's own SkyDrive and Xbox Live services), the Windows Store service for software distribution, and a new variant known as Windows RT for use on devices that utilize the ARM architecture. +The Congressional Budget Office provides an unemployment rate forecast in its long term budget outlook . +The HEARTH Act of 2009 consolidated HUD's competitive grant programs, created a Rural Housing Stability Program , changed HUD's definition of homelessness and chronic homelessness, supplied a simplified match requirement, increased prevention resources and increased in the emphasis on performance. +A number of significant changes were made on Windows 8, including the introduction of a user interface based around Microsoft's Metro design language with optimizations for touch-based devices such as tablets and all-in-one PCs. +The failure of the Hartford Convention in 1814 hurt the Federalist cause, with the Republican Party gaining control in 1817. +Beşiktaş J.K. , established in 1903, is considered the oldest of these sports clubs; because of its initial status as Turkey's only club, it occasionally played as the national team. +Windows 3.0 is the first Microsoft Windows version to achieve broad commercial success, selling 2 million copies in the first six months. +The appearance was up to the maker of the flag . +The revival of low relief, which was seen as a classical style, begins early in the Renaissance; the Tempio Malatestiano in Rimini, a pioneering classicist building, designed by Leon Battista Alberti around 1450, uses low reliefs by Agostino di Duccio inside and on the external walls. +In Poland , if the husband is named Podwiński, and his wife takes his surname, her last name, and those of their unmarried daughters, would be Podwińska. +Training for both national and local managers and officials is necessary, as well as technical assistance in the planning, financing, and management of decentralized functions. +Under its new owner, The Sunday Times notched up several firsts: a wood engraving it published of the coronation of Queen Victoria in 1838 was the largest illustration to have appeared in a British newspaper; in 1841, it became one of the first papers to serialise a novel: William Harrison Ainsworth's Old St Paul's . +This was followed by the October Revolution by the Bolsheviks, who seized control in a quick coup d'état against the Provisional Government, resulting in the formation of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) , the first country in history committed to the establishment of communism. +Whereas first-wave feminism focused mainly on suffrage and overturning legal obstacles to gender equality (e.g.., voting rights, property rights), second-wave feminism broadened the debate to a wide range of issues: sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive rights, de facto inequalities, and official legal inequalities. +Since the baritone and alto are pitched in E♭, players can read concert pitch music notated in the bass clef by reading it as if it were treble clef and adding three sharps to the key signature. +The rapid advance of science and technology in recent centuries seems to be an underlying force driving the usage, as new inventions and concepts with multiword names create a demand for shorter, more manageable names.[citation needed] One representative example, from the U.S. Navy , is COMCRUDESPAC, which stands for commander, cruisers destroyers Pacific; it's also seen as "ComCruDesPac". +Feyenoord , founded in 1908 and the dominant of the three professional clubs, has won fourteen national titles since the introduction of professional football in the Netherlands. +The larger is Istanbul Atatürk, 24 kilometers (15 mi) west of the city center. +In Argentina the First Degree of Physician or Physician Diplomate (Título de Médico) is equivalent to the North American M. D. Degree with six years of intensive studies followed by usually three or four years of residency as a major specialty in a particular empiric field, consisting of internships, social services and sporadic research. +The concept of a "surname" is a relatively recent historical development , evolving from a medieval naming practice called a "byname". +The amateur game penalizes fisticuffs more harshly, as a player who receives a fighting major is also assessed at least a 10-minute misconduct penalty (NCAA and some Junior leagues) or a game misconduct penalty and suspension (high school and younger, as well as some casual adult leagues). +In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev rose to power in the Soviet Union and began policies of radical political reform involving political liberalisation, called Perestroika and Glasnost . +For instance, the surname Vickers is thought to have arisen as an occupational name adopted by the servant of a vicar , while Roberts could have been adopted by either the son or the servant of a man named Robert. +Proponents of modular programming (modularizing code) advocate that each subroutine should have minimal dependency on other pieces of code . +TNL was plagued by a series of industrial disputes at its plant at Gray's Inn Road in London, with the print unions resisting attempts to replace the old-fashioned hot-metal and labour-intensive Linotype method with technology that would allow the papers to be composed electronically. +Plates are understood by using continuum mechanics, but due to the complexity involved they are most often designed using a codified empirical approach, or computer analysis. +The processes of decentralization redefines structures, procedures and practices of governance to be closer to the citizenry and to make them more aware of the costs and benefits; it is not merely a movement of power from the central to the local government. +By the late 1980s and early 1990s the tradition of breakbeat use in hip hop production had influenced the sound of breakbeat hardcore, which in turn led to the emergence of jungle, drum and bass, and other genres that shared the same use of broken beats. +Her 1980 book The Question of Separatism: Quebec and the Struggle over Sovereignty supported secession of Quebec from Canada. +(It reverted to the name Driving from 7 October 2012 , to coincide with the launch of a new standalone website, Sunday Times Driving.) +Section 23 of the Constitution requires that in the event of a tied division, the question is resolved in the negative. +The History of the United States ( 1980–1991 ) illustrates that this was a time when there was economic distress, high unemployment, and was the period when chronic homelessness became a societal problem. +Geological surveys show that before the Pleistocene, instead of the Baltic Sea, there was a wide plain around a great river paleontologists call the Eridanos . +Though it is widely accepted that the movement lasted from the 1960s into the early 1980s, the exact years of the movement are more difficult to pinpoint and are often disputed . +its more than 200 art galleries that are home to modern art from both upcoming and established artists. +It is in the district of Bishnupur . +The Georgian Church disagreed with the Armenian Church having approved the christology of Chalcedon. +The movement is usually believed to have begun in 1963, when "Mother of the Movement" Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique, and President John F. Kennedy's Presidential Commission on the Status of Women released its report on gender inequality . +In worldwide evaluations of universities, Newsweek ranked Pitt 37th in its "The Top 100 Global Universities." +Armenian.religious minorities and human rights groups also expressed serious concern over the amendments, with human rights activist Stepan Danielian stating "the Armenian Apostolic Church today wants to have a monopoly on religion". The Armenian Church defines religious groups operating outside its domain as "sects" and, in the words of spokesman Bishop Arshak Khachatrian, considers that "their activities in Armenia are nothing but a denial of the creed of the Armenian Apostolic Church, which is considered the national religion of the Armenian people". +In its normative sense, "morality" refers to whatever (if anything) is actually right or wrong, which may be independent of the values or mores held by any particular peoples or cultures. +In the 19th century , oystering boomed in New Haven, Bridgeport and Norwalk and achieved modest success in neighboring towns. + In other materials such as metal, clay, plaster stucco, ceramics or papier-mache the form can be just added to or raised up from the background, and monumental bronze reliefs are made by casting . +Pitt joined the Big East Conference in 1982 , and by the end of the decade had secured a pair of Big East regular season championships led by All-Americans Charles Smith and Jerome Lane. +Structural engineers often specialize in particular fields, such as bridge engineering, building engineering, pipeline engineering, industrial structures, or special mechanical structures such as vehicles, ships or aircraft. +Thus they would write f−1[B] and f−1[b] for the preimage of a set and a singleton. +The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 10°E to 30°E longitude. +On the large scale, the highest precipitation amounts outside topography fall in the tropics , closely tied to the Intertropical Convergence Zone, itself the ascending branch of the Hadley cell. +Article IV, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution defines the extent of the authority that the U.S. Congress exercises over the territory of the United States : +These were wooden cupboards of various styles and sizes – either floor standing or hanging cupboards meant to discourage vermin and insects and to keep dust from perishable foodstuffs. +In the NHL if a game is decided in overtime or by a shootout the winning team is awarded two points in the standings and the losing team is awarded one point. +Within Modernism, urban planning represented a 20th-century move towards establishing something stable, structured, and rationalised within what had become a world of chaos, flux and change (Irving 1993, 475). + These aggregates are snowflakes , and are usually the type of ice particle that falls to the ground. +It has (syntactically defined) limitations on when it can be applied , which must be respected to preserve the correctness of derivations. +The UConn women's basketball team holds the record for the longest consecutive winning streak in NCAA college basketball at 90 games, a streak that ended in 2008 .[citation needed] The UConn Huskies football team has played in the Football Bowl Subdivision since 2002, and has played in four bowl games since. +Windows NT included support for several different platforms before the x86-based personal computer became dominant in the professional world. +Opposition to Stalin by Trotsky led to a dissident Bolshevik ideology called Trotskyism that was repressed under Stalin's rule. +Most lenses are spherical lenses: their two surfaces are parts of the surfaces of spheres . +As a further demonstration of this commitment, Pitt is one of the country's leading producers of both Fulbright scholars and Peace Corps volunteers and one of fewer than 20 American universities to claim five or more area studies programs that have been competitively designated as National Resource Centers by the U.S. Department of Education . +The most prominent of the festivals that evolved from the original Istanbul Festival is the Istanbul Biennial, held every two years since 1987 . +They were being assisted by local civilians , and on contacting Partisans on the general line of the River Drava, they were able to make their way to safety with Partisan guides.[citation needed] +Because the negative effects of slavery on the economies of Africa have been well documented, namely the significant decline in population, some African rulers likely saw an economic benefit from trading their subjects with European slave traders. With the exception of Portuguese controlled Angola, coastal African leaders "generally controlled access to their coasts, and were able to prevent direct enslavement of their subjects and citizens." +The major political parties debate appropriate solutions for improving the job creation rate, with liberals arguing for more government spending and conservatives arguing for lower taxes and less regulation. +However, Kate Turabian, writing about style in academic writings, allows for an apostrophe to form plural acronyms " only when an abbreviation contains internal periods or both capital and lowercase letters ". +The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), which is consistently ranked in U.S. News & World Report's "Honor Roll" of America's top hospitals, consists of the following hospitals and facilities in the Oakland area, many of which have shared use with various university departments: UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, UPMC Montefiore Hospital, Magee-Women's Hospital of UPMC, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic in Thomas Detre Hall, Eye and Ear Institute, Forbes Tower (home to the School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences), Iroquois Building, Kaufman Medical Building, Medical Arts Building, 230 McKee Place, and UPMC University Center. +Linking each shape to its color is a function from X to Y: each shape is linked to a color (i.e., an element in Y), and each shape is "linked", or "mapped", to exactly one color . +The Glee Club has also participated in national Collegiate Men's Choir festivals and international tours and music festivals in both the United States and Europe . +At 927 feet (283 m), 40 Wall Street , completed in May 1930 in an astonishing eleven months as the headquarters of the Bank of Manhattan, seemed to have secured the title. +The first recorded use of fringe on a flag dates from 1835, and the Army used it officially in 1895 . +Mainstream support for Windows 95 ended on December 31, 2000, and extended support for Windows 95 ended on December 31, 2001 . +There is no constitutional requirement for the election of senators to take place at the same time as those for members of the House of Representatives, though the government usually synchronises election dates. +Article 8.1 of the Constitution of Armenia states: "The Republic of Armenia recognizes the exclusive historical mission of the Armenian Apostolic Holy Church as a national church, in the spiritual life, development of the national culture and preservation of the national identity of the people of Armenia." Among others, ethnographer Hranush Kharatyan has questioned the constitutionality of the phrase "national church". +Marxism–Leninism is a political philosophy or worldview founded on ideas of Marxism and Leninism, and seeks to establish socialist states and develop them further. +Home and Professional were later accompanied by the "Media Center" edition (designed for home theater PCs, with an emphasis on support for DVD playback, TV tuner cards, DVR functionality, and remote controls), and the "Tablet PC" edition (designed for mobile devices meeting its specifications for a tablet computer, with support for stylus pen input and additional pen-enabled applications). +Connecticut's official nickname, adopted in 1959 , is "The Constitution State," based on its colonial constitution of 1638–39 which was the first in America and, arguably, the world. +The largest firms turned to the power of the state and working with leaders like United States Presidents Theodore Roosevelt , William H. Taft and Woodrow Wilson passed as "progressive reforms" centralizing laws like The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 that gave control of the monetary system to the wealthiest bankers; the formation of monopoly "public utilities" that made competition with those monopolies illegal; federal inspection of meat packers biased against small companies; extending Interstate Commerce Commission to regulating telephone companies and keeping rates high to benefit AT&T; and using the Sherman Anti-trust Act against companies which might combine to threaten larger or monopoly companies. +Plants that possessed traits such as small seeds or bitter taste would have been seen as undesirable. +The initiative offered $10 million from HUD and $3.5 million from DOL to help the chronically homeless in five communities gain access to employment and permanent housing. +Jonathan Haidt has noted that experimental observation indicating an in-group criterion provides one moral foundation substantially used by conservatives , but far less so by liberals. +The University's buildings, along with most of its records and files, were destroyed in the Great Fire of 1845 that wiped out 20 square blocks of Pittsburgh. +Some townships have governments and political power, others are simply geographic designations. +In contrast, only some matrices, which satisfy formula 2, happen to satisfy also formula 5 , whereas others, also satisfying formula 2, do not; therefore formula 5 is not a logical consequence of formula 2. +Most of the settlers came from Protestant backgrounds in Britain and the Continent, with a small proportion of Catholics (chiefly in Maryland) and a few Jews in port cities . +For general elections, the city is divided into 3 electoral districts and returns 85 MPs to the Turkish parliament. +Lenin attempted and failed to bring about communist revolution in Russia in the Russian Revolution of 1905–7 . +They can be initiated from the centers of authority ("top-down") or from individuals, localities or regions ("bottom-up"), or from a " mutually desired " combination of authorities and localities working together. +The Baltic Sea (German: Ostsee ; Polish: Morze Bałtyckie; Russian: Балтийское море; Danish: Østersøen; Swedish: Östersjön; Lithuanian: Baltijos jūra; Latvian: Baltijas jūra; Estonian: Läänemeri; Finnish: Itämeri) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, enclosed by Scandinavia, Finland, the Baltic countries, and the North European Plain. + She went on to point out that there are a disproportionate number of women who are nurses, and that denying admission to men "lends credibility to the old view that women, not men, should become nurses, and makes the assumption that nursing is a field for women a self-fulfilling prophecy". +This change was partly due to the decision of a key Croatian Peasant Party member, Božidar Magovac, to join the Partisans in June 1943, and partly due to the surrender of Italy . +Typical Hilbert-style systems have a small number of rules of inference, along with several infinite schemas of logical axioms. It is common to have only modus ponens and universal generalization as rules of inference. +The main objectives of earthquake engineering are to understand the interaction of structures with the shaking ground, foresee the consequences of possible earthquakes , and design and construct the structures to perform during an earthquake. +Istanbul is situated near the North Anatolian Fault , close to the boundary between the African and Eurasian Plates. +The popularity of drum and bass at its commercial peak ran parallel to several other homegrown dance styles in the UK including big beat and hard house . +It advocates universal education with a focus on developing the proletariat with knowledge , class consciousness, and understanding the historical development of communism. +Membership in both the Bolshevik and Menshevik ranks diminished from 1907 to 1908 and the number of people taking part in strikes in 1907 was 26 percent of the figure during the year of the revolution in 1905, it dropped in 1908 to 6 percent of that figure, and in 1910 it was 2 percent of that figure. +British soldiers and immigrants to Canada and the United States brought their stick-and-ball games with them and played them on the ice and snow of winter. +Irish immigrants took slaves to Montserrat in 1651, and in 1655, slaves were shipped to Belize. +The average worldwide violent unnatural death rate between 2004 and 2009 was 7.9 per 100,000 per year. +At retail, Windows XP was now marketed in two main editions: the "Home" edition was targeted towards consumers, while the "Professional" edition was targeted towards business environments and power users , and included additional security and networking features. +Roger Williams, who preached religious toleration, separation of Church and State, and a complete break with the Church of England, was banished and founded Rhode Island Colony , which became a haven for other refugees from the Puritan community, such as Anne Hutchinson. +Its rules differ from traditional hockey because there is no hitting and very little shooting, placing a greater emphasis on skating, puckhandling and passing abilities . +In 2001, the NAEH along with the U.S. ICH encouraged communities to create and implement state and local strategic plans to prevent and end homelessness, focusing on Housing First initiatives to house the chronically homeless population who have many barriers to stability, a cost-benefit analysis of state- and local-level resources, best practice engagement and service innovations, and prevention. +Examples include "Morgenstern" ("morning star"), "Safire" (" sapphire "), and "Reis" ("branch"). +Concepts of decentralization have been applied to group dynamics and management science in private businesses and organizations, political science, law and public administration, economics and technology . +Christopher K. Chase-Dunn and Thomas D. Hall review other works that detail these cycles, including works which analyze the concept of core elites which compete with state accumulation of wealth and how their "intra-ruling-class competition accounts for the rise and fall of states" and of their phases of centralization and decentralization. +Minor penalties last for two minutes , major penalties last for five minutes, and a double minor penalty is two consecutive penalties of two minutes duration. +It later housed the court of Charles II during the Great Plague of London in 1665–66 . +The General Assembly is a bicameral body consisting of an upper body, the State Senate ( 36 senators); and a lower body, the House of Representatives (151 representatives). +However, Gingrich was unable to deliver on most of its promises, and after the impeachment of President Bill Clinton in 1998 and subsequent Republican losses in the House, he resigned. +Topped by a dome 31 meters (102 ft) in diameter , the Hagia Sophia stood as the world's largest cathedral for centuries, and was later converted into a mosque and, as it stands now, a museum. +From 2010 onwards, about 25 civilians have died in militants-related violence (about 1 per 100,000 people), dropping further to 21 civilian deaths in 2013 (or 0.8 per 100,000 people). +The architect is usually the lead designer on buildings, with a structural engineer employed as a sub-consultant. +Britain occupied Florida, but did not send many settlers to the area, and control was restored to Spain in 1783 by the Peace of Paris, which ended the American Revolutionary War. +They can be designed by making a hanging-chain model, which will act as a catenary in pure tension, and inverting the form to achieve pure compression. +Colonists there declared war on the Pequots, organized a band of militia and Native Americans, and attacked a Pequot village on the Mystic River , with death toll estimates ranging between 300 and 700 Pequots. +It is a branch of structural engineering closely affiliated with architecture . +As expected for a city of its size, Istanbul has a diverse industrial economy, producing commodities as varied as olive oil, tobacco, vehicles, and electronics. Despite having a focus on high-value-added work, its low-value-added manufacturing sector is substantial, representing just 26 percent of Istanbul's GDP, but four-fifths of the city's total exports. +This distinguishes it from propositional logic, which does not use quantifiers . +The idea of " dual sovereignty " or "separate sovereigns" is derived from the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution, which states that "the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." +The most prominent of the festivals that evolved from the original Istanbul Festival is the Istanbul Biennial , held every two years since 1987. +In Pakistan, the equivalent degree is MBBS ( Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery ). +In Colombia there is a large underground scene, The RE.set Label and Bogotá Project are two collectives that put on DnB events in the city, as well as a twice yearly event called Radikal Styles, that brings together local talent and international big names. +The first was that the Partisans were courageous and aggressive in battling the German 1st Mountain and 104th Light Division, had suffered significant casualties, and required support. +In 1936, the Soviet Union adopted a new constitution that ended weighted voting preference for workers as in its previous constitutions, and created universal suffrage for all people over the age of eighteen . +The former Istanbul Stock Exchange was originally established as the Ottoman Stock Exchange in 1866. +Between 1807 and 1860, the Royal Navy's Squadron seized approximately 1,600 ships involved in the slave trade and freed 150,000 Africans who were aboard these vessels. +The only potential violation of this occurred when the legislature of Virginia declared the secession of Virginia from the United States at the start of the American Civil War and a newly formed alternative Virginia legislature, recognized by the federal government, consented to have West Virginia secede from Virginia. +Likewise, the Computer Literacy and Internet Technology qualification is known as CLaIT , rather than CLIT. +These were managed via the "People's committees ", organized to act as civilian governments in areas of the country controlled by the communists, even limited arms industries were set up. + Frozen forms of precipitation include snow, ice needles, ice pellets, hail, and graupel. +The first insurance company in the United States underwrote fire insurance and was formed in Charleston , South Carolina, in 1735. +The animals' size, temperament, diet, mating patterns, and life span were factors in the desire and success in domesticating animals. +This is the case in Hungary, parts of Romania, Bavaria, Austria, South India, Sri Lanka, Madagascar and countries in the East Asian cultural sphere including Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam and China . +Townships in the United States are generally the product of the Public Land Survey System . +an 80-minute exposition of Emperor Ashoka's redemption.[citation needed] +Enforcing the latter, most professional editors case-fold such expansions to their standard orthography when editing manuscripts for publication. The justification is that (1) readers are smart enough to figure out where the letters came from, even without their being capitalized for emphasis, and that (2) common nouns do not take capital initials in standard English orthography. +Modern languages after ALGOL such as PL/1 and C almost invariably use a stack, usually supported by most modern computer instruction sets to provide a fresh activation record for every execution of a subprogram. +Naval forces of the resistance were formed as early as 19 September 1942 , when Partisans in Dalmatia formed their first naval unit made of fishing boats, which gradually evolved into a force able to engage the Italian Navy and Kriegsmarine and conduct complex amphibious operations. +This growth in population comes, in part, from an expansion of city limits—particularly between 1980 and 1985 , when the number of Istanbulites nearly doubled. +About 98% of electors vote "above the line". +Most metal pipes in a pipe organ are made of varying amounts of a tin/lead alloy , with 50%/50% being the most common. +The Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup (which later became known as the Stanley Cup) was first awarded in 1893 to the Montreal Hockey Club, champions of the AHAC; it continues to be awarded annually to the National Hockey League's championship team. + They also enabled the player to make half-step shifts of scales by depressing one key while keeping the rest of the fingering consistent with that of the fingering a half step away (which could also trip up players used to certain alternate fingerings on a regular saxophone). +The history of the Great House of Cilicia as an autocephalous church is as follows: after the fall of Ani and the Armenian Kingdom of the Bagradits in 1045, masses of Armenians migrated to Cilicia and the Catholicossate settled there . +The extent of support for the Partisan movement varied according to region and nationality, reflecting the existential concerns of the local population and authorities. +Sanamahi worship is concentrated around the Sun God/Sanamahi . +Key events that began the Cold War included Soviet, Yugoslav, Bulgarian, and Albanian intervention in the Greek Civil War on the side of the communists, and the creation of the Berlin Blockade by the Soviet Union in 1948 . +The overriding of f: X → Y by g: W → Y (also called overriding union) is an extension of g denoted as (f ⊕ g): (X ∪ W) → Y. Its graph is the set-theoretical union of the graphs of g and f|X \ W. Thus, it relates any element of the domain of g to its image under g, and any other element of the domain of f to its image under f. Overriding is an associative operation; it has the empty function as an identity element . +The Sunday Times iPad app was named newspaper app of the year at the 2011 Newspaper Awards and has twice been ranked best newspaper or magazine app in the world by iMonitor. +A function f from X to Y is a subset of the Cartesian product X × Y subject to the following condition: every element of X is the first component of one and only one ordered pair in the subset. +Mainstream support for Windows 98 ended on June 30, 2002, and extended support for Windows 98 ended on July 11, 2006 . + In turn, brokers presented by clients with those risks can immediately "export" them to the out-of-state surplus market and apply directly to surplus line insurers without having to first document multiple attempts to present the risk to admitted insurers. +Post modernism is a late-20th-century movement in the arts, architecture, and criticism that was a departure from modernism. +Rain distribution varies from 933 millimetres (36.7 in) in Imphal to 2,593 millimetres (102.1 in) in Tamenglong . +They were being assisted by local civilians , and on contacting Partisans on the general line of the River Drava, they were able to make their way to safety with Partisan guides.[citation needed] +Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 75,991 people , and migration within the country produced a net loss of 34,273 people. + Above the line voting greatly speeds up counting which is now done by computer . +There are other significant ethnic minorities as well, the Bosniaks are the main people of an entire district – Bayrampaşa . +A molecules are disaccharides of glucosamine, which are derivatized with as many as seven fatty-acyl chains. +If physicians wish to open up a doctor's practice, they are required to further complete residency in order to fulfill the federal requirements of becoming Facharzt (specialized in a certain field of medicine such as internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics etc.). +It has been seen variously as an expression of Modernism, High modernism, or postmodernism[by whom?]. " Post-structuralists " were thinkers who moved away from the strict interpretations and applications of structuralist ideas. +(with different domain) is not considered the same function, even though the formulas defining f and g agree, and similarly with a different codomain. +The Patriarch of Constantinople has been designated Ecumenical Patriarch since the sixth century, and has subsequently come to be widely regarded as the leader of the world's 300 million Orthodox Christians. +By mid-2014, Accelerator, a biotech investment firm, had raised more than US$30 million from investors, including Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer, and Johnson & Johnson, for initial funding to create biotechnology startups at the Alexandria Center for Life Science, which encompasses more than 700,000 square feet (65,000 m2)* on East 29th Street and promotes collaboration among scientists and entrepreneurs at the center and with nearby academic, medical, and research institutions. +The Fed expanded its balance sheet significantly from 2008-2014, meaning it essentially "printed money" to purchase large quantities of mortgage-backed securities and U.S. treasury bonds . +Reeds are commercially available in a vast array of brands, styles, and strengths . +This is subtly different from architectural design, which is driven by the creative manipulation of materials and forms, mass, space, volume, texture and light to achieve an end which is aesthetic, functional and often artistic . +The entry-level first professional degree in these countries for the practice of medicine is that of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, MB, MB BCh BAO, BMBS, MBBChir, or MBChB). +Following the model of French cities , this religious system was replaced by a mayor and a citywide council composed of representatives of the confessional groups (millet) across Istanbul. +Stalin unleashed the Great Terror campaign against alleged "socially dangerous" and "counterrevolutionary" persons that resulted in the Great Purge of 1936–1938 during which 1.5 million people were arrested from 1937–1938 and 681,692 of those were executed. +The design of a column must check the axial capacity of the element, and the buckling capacity . +After the Mets departed, the Polo Grounds was demolished in April 1964, replaced by public housing . +Then about 97–98% of the inhabitants of the metropolitan municipality were within city limits, up from 89% in 2007 and 61% in 1980. +In Russia and Bulgaria , both patronymic and family name are obligatory parts of one's full name: e.g. if a Russian is called Ivan Andreyevich Sergeyev, that means that his father's name is Andrey and his family name is Sergeyev. +In Cuba in 1959, forces led by Fidel Castro and Argentine revolutionary Che Guevara overthrew the regime of Fulgencio Batista and established a communist regime there with ties to the Soviet Union. +With a goal, the winning team would be awarded two points and the losing team none (just as if they had lost in regulation). +In recent years, evidence has emerged showing that lipid signaling is a vital part of the cell signaling . +According to Dr Kimani Nehusi, the presence of European slavers affected the way in which the legal code in African societies responded to offenders. +The Republican candidate for President in 2012, Mitt Romney, lost to incumbent President Barack Obama , the fifth time in six elections the Republican candidate received fewer votes than his Democratic counterpart. +When an application requests higher privileges or "Run as administrator" is clicked , UAC will prompt for confirmation and, if consent is given (including administrator credentials if the account requesting the elevation is not a member of the administrators group), start the process using the unrestricted token. +Whereas the United States has neither mined since 1993 nor smelted tin since 1989, it was the largest secondary producer, recycling nearly 14,000 tonnes in 2006. +The Pilgrims were a small Protestant sect based in England and the Netherlands. +Raindrops have sizes ranging from 0.1 millimetres (0.0039 in) to 9 millimetres (0.35 in) mean diameter, above which they tend to break up . +Tourism is vital to Manhattan's economy, and the landmarks of Manhattan are the focus of New York City's tourists, enumerating nearly 60 million visitors in 2015. + The two possible coordinate systems which result are called 'right-handed' and 'left-handed' . +This theorem was proved first by Kurt Gödel as a consequence of the completeness theorem, but many additional proofs have been obtained over time. +Although moral arguments did play a secondary role , it usually had major resonance when used as a strategy to undercut competitors' profits. +The center of population of Connecticut is located in the town of Cheshire . +Meltzer 's +"Appropriate technology", originally described as "intermediate technology" by economist E. F. Schumacher in Small is Beautiful, is generally recognized as encompassing technologies that are small-scale, decentralized, labor-intensive, energy-efficient, environmentally sound, and locally controlled. +According to Webster's New International Dictionary, 1993, a person who is a native or resident of Connecticut is a " Connecticuter ." +Record labels have adopted the use of Podcasts . +These developments—re-evaluation of the entire Western value system (love, marriage, popular culture, shift from industrial to service economy) that took place since the 1950s and 1960s, with a peak in the Social Revolution of 1968 —are described with the term Postmodernity, as opposed to Postmodernism, a term referring to an opinion or movement. +Thirdly, the American colonies were exceptional in the world because of the representation of many different interest groups in political decision-making. +It is also known as first-order predicate calculus , the lower predicate calculus, quantification theory, and predicate logic. +Evidence of drainage ditches at Kuk Swamp on the borders of the Western and Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea shows evidence of the cultivation of taro and a variety of other crops , dating back to 11,000 BP. +He argues that the African economic model of the period was very different from the European, and could not sustain such population losses . +About 30,000 species of vascular plants live in the Andes, with roughly half being endemic to the region, surpassing the diversity of any other hotspot. +At the copyediting end of the publishing industry, where the aforementioned distinction between acronyms (pronounced as a word) and initialisms (pronounced as a series of letters) is usually maintained,[citation needed] some publishers choose to use cap/lowercase (c/lc) styling for acronyms, reserving all-caps styling for initialisms. +Additionally, the member states of the United States do not possess international legal sovereignty, meaning that they are not recognized by other sovereign States such as, for example, France, Germany or the United Kingdom, nor do they possess full interdependence sovereignty, meaning that they cannot control movement of persons across state borders. +Critically endangered populations of Atlantic white-sided dolphins and harbor porpoises inhabit the sea where white-colored porpoises have been recorded, and occasionally oceanic species such as bottlenose dolphins, orcas, and beaked whales visit the waters. + Using [ longitude = −73.985656, latitude = 40.748433 ], Earth radius = 40,000/2π , and transforming from spherical --> Cartesian coordinates, you can estimate the geocentric coordinates of the Empire State Building, [ x, y, z ] = +A 2007 survey conducted by Public Agenda, a nonprofit organization that helps leaders and their citizens navigate through complex social issues, found that 67 percent of New Yorkers agreed that most homeless people were without shelter because of "circumstances beyond their control," including high housing costs and lack of good and steady employment. +During this time, the students are instructed in the basic sciences (e.g. physics, chemistry, biology, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, etc.) and must pass a federal medical exam (Erster Abschnitt der ärztlichen Prüfung), administered nationally. +The newspaper's foreign coverage has been especially strong, and its reporters, Marie Colvin , Jon Swain, Hala Jaber, Mark Franchetti and Christina Lamb have dominated the Foreign Reporter of the Year category at the British Press Awards since 2000.[citation needed] Marie Colvin, who worked for the paper from 1985, was killed in February 2012 by Syrian forces while covering the siege of Homs during that country's civil war. +Since its revitalization in 2001 as an agency independent from the Executive Office of the President and reauthorization in 2009, USICH serves as the coordinating body of all 19 federal agencies and their programs and initiatives to serve the homeless population. +In early 2008, some new legislation is under consideration that will place the mother's last name ahead the father's last name, as it is done in Portuguese-speaking countries and only optionally in Spain , despite Argentina being a Spanish-speaking country. +Most of Hindu-Buddhist sculptures however also can be considered as a high relief, since these sculptures usually connected to a stella as the background to support the statue as well as provides additional elements such as aura or halo in the back of sculpture's head, or floral decoration . +The United States acted to abolish the slave trade the same year, but not its internal slave trade which became the dominant character in American slavery until the 1860s . +Advancing technology may allow decentralized, privatized and free market solutions for what have been public services, such utilities producing and/or delivering power, water, mail, telecommunications and services like consumer product safety, money and banking, medical licensing and detection and metering technologies for highways, parking, and auto emissions.[clarification needed] However, in terms of technology, a clear distinction between fully centralized or decentralized technical solutions is often not possible and therefore finding an optimal degree of centralization difficult from an infrastructure planning perspective. +With the exception of Portuguese controlled Angola , coastal African leaders "generally controlled access to their coasts, and were able to prevent direct enslavement of their subjects and citizens." +Amateur ice hockey leagues began in the 1880s , and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. +Hellenistic and Roman sarcophagus reliefs were cut with a drill rather than chisels, enabling and encouraging compositions extremely crowded with figures , like the Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus (250–260 CE). +If t is a term and φ is a formula possibly containing the variable x, then φ[t/x] (often denoted φ[x/t]) is the result of replacing all free instances of x by t in φ. +No record exists of the first calculations of the strength of structural members or the behavior of structural material, but the profession of structural engineer only really took shape with the Industrial Revolution and the re-invention of concrete (see History of Concrete). +the Plomo glacier and the Horcones glaciers do not even reach 10 km in length and have an only insignificant ice thickness. +The continued existence of a group may depend on widespread conformity to codes of morality; an inability to adjust moral codes in response to new challenges is sometimes credited with the demise of a community (a positive example would be the function of Cistercian reform in reviving monasticism; a negative example would be the role of the Dowager Empress in the subjugation of China to European interests). +However, a vibrant illegal trade continued to ship large numbers of enslaved people to Brazil and also to Cuba until the 1860s, when British enforcement and further diplomacy finally ended the Atlantic trade. In 1870 Portugal ended the last trade route with the Americas where the last country to import slaves was Brazil. + Since its founding in 1969 the SFN has grown steadily: as of 2010 it recorded 40,290 members from 83 different countries. + When the wet season occurs during the warm season, or summer, rain falls mainly during the late afternoon and early evening hours. +Jazz pioneer Miles Davis has been named as a possible influence. +Unlike the multi-purpose space of the yeoman houses , each of these rooms served a separate purpose. +In cold conditions, β-tin tends to transform spontaneously into α-tin, a phenomenon known as "tin pest". Although the α-β transformation temperature is nominally 13.2 °C (55.8 °F), impurities (e.g. Al, Zn, etc.) lower the transition temperature well below 0 °C (32 °F) and, on the addition of Sb or Bi, the transformation may not occur at all, increasing the durability of the tin. +Cotton Mather, a Boston minister published Magnalia Christi Americana (The Great Works of Christ in America, 1702), while revivalist Jonathan Edwards wrote his philosophical work, +Here, the isoprene units are joined together to make squalene and then folded up and formed into a set of rings to make lanosterol . +Players are permitted to "bodycheck " opponents into the boards as a means of stopping progress. +Folk religions are practiced by about 8% of the state's people. +These figures do not take into account more recent international migration into the city; more than 10,000 people from overseas have registered for National Insurance Numbers in Oxford in 2005/06 and 2006/07. +Although the word acronym is often used to refer to any abbreviation formed from initial letters , many dictionaries and usage commentators define acronym to mean an abbreviation that is pronounced as a word, in contradistinction to an initialism (or alphabetism)‍—‌an abbreviation formed from a string of initials (and possibly pronounced as individual letters). +The lacquer or plating serves to protect the brass from oxidation , and maintains its shiny appearance. +As a result, publication of The Sunday Times and other titles in the group was suspended in November 1978 . + A third alternate qualification is DNB (superspecialties), offered by National Board of Examinations , like DNB in Cardiology, Neurology, Cardiac Surgery, Neurosurgery. +The United States Supreme Court in Texas v. White held that political states do not have the right to secede, though it did allow some possibility of the divisibility " through revolution , or through consent of the States." +This expressiveness comes at a metalogical cost, however: by Lindström's theorem , the compactness theorem and the downward Löwenheim–Skolem theorem cannot hold in any logic stronger than first-order. +The movement is usually believed to have begun in 1963 , when "Mother of the Movement" Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique, and President John F. Kennedy's Presidential Commission on the Status of Women released its report on gender inequality. +The highest court of Connecticut's judicial branch is the Connecticut Supreme Court, headed by the Chief Justice of Connecticut. +From 1942 till after 1944, they wore the Triglavka cap, which was then gradually replaced with the Titovka cap as part of their uniform. +This is a reduction from the 25 incidents representing 1,110 kg ( 2,450 lb ) of material in 2003. +The conjugations are identified by the last letter of the verb's present stem . +Most metal pipes in a pipe organ are made of varying amounts of a tin/lead alloy, with 50%/50% being the most common. +Every Northeastern state except for New Hampshire has voted Democratic six straight elections or more. +This leads to decreased oxygen concentrations within the zone. +Operated by Istanbul Electricity, Tramway, and Tunnel General Management (İETT), trams slowly returned to the city in the 1990s with the introduction of a nostalgic route and a faster modern tram line, which now carries 265,000 passengers each day . +In 1973 in Chile , the law was changed to avoid stigmatizing illegitimate children with the maternal surname repeated. +For instance, when characterizing a visual telescope or binoculars that produce only a virtual image, one would be more concerned with the angular magnification—which expresses how much larger a distant object appears through the telescope compared to the naked eye. +The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against its use for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, in those who are older it is recommends in some individuals. +The semantic element does not change . +In March 2013, National Committee Chairman Reince Priebus gave a stinging report on the party's failures in 2012, calling on Republicans to reinvent themselves and officially endorse immigration reform . +The localization of function hypothesis was supported by observations of epileptic patients conducted by John Hughlings Jackson , who correctly inferred the organization of the motor cortex by watching the progression of seizures through the body. +This is now questioned in view of findings by archaeologists and paleopathologists showing that nutritional standards of Neolithic populations were generally inferior to that of hunter-gatherers, and that their life expectancy may well have been shorter too, in part due to diseases and harder work - hunter-gatherers must have covered their food needs with about 20 hours ' work a week, while agriculture required much more and was at least as uncertain. +The origin of the stars and stripes design has been muddled by a story disseminated by the descendants of Betsy Ross . +Microsoft releases security patches through its Windows Update service approximately once a month (usually the second Tuesday of the month), although critical updates are made available at shorter intervals when necessary. +Morality (from the Latin moralitas "manner, character, proper behavior") is the differentiation of intentions, decisions, and actions between those that are distinguished as proper and those that are improper. +Cardiolipins are a subclass of glycerophospholipids containing four acyl chains and three glycerol groups that are particularly abundant in the inner mitochondrial membrane. +Something that was accomplishes except the rout between Riga in Latvia and Szczecin in Poland. +The United States Supreme Court in Texas v. White held that political states do not have the right to secede, though it did allow some possibility of the divisibility "through revolution, or through consent of the States." +Connecticut averages 56% of possible sunshine (higher than the USA average), averaging 2,400 hours of sunshine annually. +In 1876 , the first game played in Montreal was reportedly "conducted under the 'Hockey Association' rules"; the Hockey Association was England's field hockey organization. + FENS comprises a set of 32 national-level organizations, including the British Neuroscience Association, the German Neuroscience Society (Neurowissenschaftliche Gesellschaft), and the French Société des Neurosciences. +The New Haven Colony had its own constitution, " The Fundamental Agreement of the New Haven Colony ," which was signed on June 4, 1639. +Columns are elements that carry only axial force - compression - or both axial force and bending (which is technically called a beam-column but practically, just a column). +Structural engineering depends on the knowledge of materials and their properties, in order to understand how different materials support and resist loads. +Because of this, postmodern music is mostly defined in opposition to modernist music, and a work can either be modernist, or postmodern, but not both . +He originally received a B– for the project. +The American Legion and other organizations regularly conduct flag retirement ceremonies, often on Flag Day, June 14. +For those aged 20–54, the rate of employment fell . +Today, TRT runs four national radio stations; these stations have transmitters across the country so each can reach over 90 percent of the country's population, but only Radio 2 is based in Istanbul. +where .....i..=...(....1.....0....).....{\displaystyle \mathbf {i} ={\begin{pmatrix}1\\0\end{pmatrix}}}.., and .....j..=...(....0.....1....).....{\displaystyle \mathbf {j} ={\begin{pmatrix}0\\1\end{pmatrix}}}.. are unit vectors in the direction of the x-axis and y-axis respectively, generally referred to as the standard basis (in some application areas these may also be referred to as versors ) +Furthermore, the country experienced a breakdown of law and order, with collaborationist militias roaming the countryside terrorizing the population. +Many towns and cities had an area which contained the poor, transients, and afflicted, such as a " skid row ". +Along the European side, and closer to the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge, is Emirgan Park ; originally a private estate belonging to Ottoman leaders, the 47-hectare (120-acre) park is known for its diversity of plants and an annual tulip festival held since 2005. +The mixed halide-alkyls, which are more common and more important commercially than the tetraorgano derivatives, are prepared by redistribution reactions: +He would never be regarded as Luis Estrella, Telmo Estrella, or Luis Telmo Estrella, nor as Luis Paz, Telmo Paz, or Luis Telmo Paz . +Devastated by European diseases to which they had no immunity and civil wars, in 1532 the Incas were defeated by an alliance composed of tens of thousands of allies from nations they had subjugated (e.g. Huancas, Chachapoyas, Cañaris) and a small army of 180 Spaniards led by Francisco Pizarro . +Carved ivory reliefs have been used since ancient times, and because the material, though expensive, cannot usually be reused, they have a relatively high survival rate, and for example consular diptychs represent a large proportion of the survivals of portable secular art from Late Antiquity. + Most ancient architectural reliefs were originally painted, which helped to define forms in low relief. The subject of reliefs is for convenient reference assumed in this article to be usually figures, but sculpture in relief often depicts decorative geometrical or foliage patterns, as in the arabesques of Islamic art, and may be of any subject. +This distinguishes it from propositional logic , which does not use quantifiers. +Until the New Deal of the 1930s, blacks supported the Republican Party by large margins. +Polish notation is compact and elegant, but rarely used in practice because it is hard for humans to read it. +Manhattan has many energy-efficient green office buildings, such as the Hearst Tower, the rebuilt 7 World Trade Center, and the Bank of America Tower —the first skyscraper designed to attain a Platinum LEED Certification. +In some parts of mathematics, including recursion theory and functional analysis, it is convenient to study partial functions in which some values of the domain have no association in the graph; i.e., single-valued relations . +The Silahtarağa Power Station, a coal-fired power plant along the Golden Horn, was the sole source of Istanbul's electricity between 1914, when its first engine room was completed, and 1952 . +Of historical interest in psychology are the theories of psychoanalysts such as Sigmund Freud, who believe that moral development is the product of aspects of the super-ego as guilt-shame avoidance . +However, the compactness theorem can be used to show that connected graphs are not an elementary class in first-order logic, and there is no formula φ(x,y) of first-order logic, in the logic of graphs, that expresses the idea that there is a path from x to y. Connectedness can be expressed in second-order logic, however, but not with only existential set quantifiers, as .....Σ..1...1.....{\displaystyle \Sigma _{1}^{1}}.. also enjoys compactness. +In 1973 in Chile, the law was changed to avoid stigmatizing illegitimate children with the maternal surname repeated. +It was released on July 29, 2015, and addresses shortcomings in the user interface first introduced with Windows 8. +Istanbul's seventy museums, the most visited of which are the Topkapı Palace Museum and the Hagia Sophia, bring in $30 million in revenue each year. +Women's ice hockey players can have contact but are not allowed to body check . +In a simpler form the images are usually mostly linear in nature, like hieroglyphs, but in most cases the figure itself is in low relief, but set within a sunken area shaped round the image, so that the relief never rises beyond the original flat surface. +By 1929 , stricter fire codes and the increased use of elevators in residential buildings, were the impetus behind a new housing code that effectively ended the tenement as a form of new construction, though many tenement buildings survive today on the East Side of the borough. +The result was a 700-foot (210-m) extension into the river, running six blocks or 1,484 feet (452 m), covering 92 acres (37 ha)*, providing a 1.2-mile (1.9 km) riverfront esplanade and over 30 acres (12 ha)* of parks. +But it also is done through deregulation, the abolition of restrictions on businesses competing with government services, for example, postal services, schools, garbage collection . +The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act (Imp.) of 1900 established the Senate as part of the new system of dominion government in newly federated Australia. +The Thai medical education is 6 years system, consisting of 1 year in basic-science, 2 years in pre-clinical training, and 3 years for clinical training. +Many observers see Figure 8 as "flipping in and out" between a convex cube a nd a concave "corner". +The exceptions are Alaska where main subdivisions is the boroughs (parts of the state are not included in any borough, called the Unorganized Borough, is divided into "census areas"), and Louisiana (which is divided into county-equivalents that are called parishes). +Historian Pierre Chaunu termed the consequences of European navigation "disenclavement", with it marking an end of isolation for some societies and an increase in inter-societal contact for most others. +The top ZIP code, 10021 on the Upper East Side, generated the most money for the United States presidential election for all presidential candidates, including both Kerry and Bush during the 2004 election. +Religion was a major dividing line between the parties before 1960, with Catholics, Jews, and Southern Protestants heavily Democratic, and Northeastern Protestants heavily Republican. +The "fat-soluble" vitamins (A, D, E and K) – which are isoprene-based lipids – are essential nutrients stored in the liver and fatty tissues , with a diverse range of functions. +Gore and Lieberman fell five votes short of George W. Bush and Dick Cheney in the Electoral College. +Daniel Bell's The Coming of Post-Industrial Society discussed the need for decentralization and a “comprehensive overhaul of government structure to find the appropriate size and scope of units”, as well as the need to detach functions from current state boundaries, creating regions based on functions like water, transport, education and economics which might have “different ‘overlays’ on the map.” Alvin Toffler published Future Shock (1970) and The Third Wave (1980) . +Glycerolipids are composed of mono-, di-, and tri-substituted glycerols , the best-known being the fatty acid triesters of glycerol, called triglycerides. +Since 1977 , a husband can also adopt his wife's surname. +This metal alloy is referred to as spotted metal . +The National Institutes of Health (NIH) through its Medical Scientist Training Program funds MD-PhD training programs at many universities. +Pitt first sponsored varsity men's basketball in 1905 and became an early national power after winning two Helms Foundation National Championships in 1927–28 and 1929–30. +The first issue of The Sunday Times Travel Magazine was in 2003, and it includes news, features and insider guides. +A deductive system is used to demonstrate, on a purely syntactic basis , that one formula is a logical consequence of another formula. +Vulgar Latin was the colloquial form spoken during the same time and attested in inscriptions and the works of comic playwrights like Plautus and Terence. +The compression part must be designed to resist buckling and crushing, while the tension part must be able to adequately resist the tension . +Use of f(A) to denote the image of a subset A ⊆ X is consistent so long as no subset of the domain is also an element of the domain . +The United States Supreme Court found in the 1944 case of United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Association that the business of insurance was subject to federal regulation under the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution. +There is also evidence that a Mediterranean diet may be more effective than a low-fat diet in bringing about long-term changes to cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., lower cholesterol level and blood pressure). +Owing largely to the prominence of the religious right in conservative politics in the United States, the Republican Party has taken positions regarded by many as outwardly hostile to the gay rights movement. +The most recent of these is the 13,800-seat Ülker Sports Arena , which opened in 2012 as the home court of Fenerbahçe's basketball teams. +Obviously, it is more difficult to operate an insurance group than a single insurance company, since employees must be painstakingly trained to observe corporate formalities so that courts will not treat the entities in the group as alter egos of each other. +Rural Quakers preferred simple designs in furnishings such as tables, chairs, chests and shunned elaborate decorations. +Restrictions such as these are useful as a technique to reduce the number of inference rules or axiom schemas in deductive systems, which leads to shorter proofs of metalogical results. +The Partisans staged a guerrilla campaign which enjoyed gradually increased levels of success and support of the general populace, and succeeded in controlling large chunks of Yugoslav territory. +Though it is widely accepted that the movement lasted from the 1960s into the early 1980s, the exact years of the movement are more difficult to pinpoint and are often disputed . +From January to November 2012, the U.S. added approximately 151,000 jobs per month on average. +The first special body convened to advise on colonial (plantation) questions was the Commission of Trade set up in 1625 . +Americans sued each other at a very high rate, with binding decisions made not by a great lord but by local judges and juries . +The Roosevelt Island Tramway, one of two commuter cable car systems in North America, whisks commuters between Roosevelt Island and Manhattan in less than five minutes , and has been serving the island since 1978. +If the State Parliament happens to be in recess when the vacancy occurs, the Constitution provides that the State Governor can appoint someone to fill the place until fourteen days after the State Parliament resumes sitting. +Lower Manhattan is home to the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), on Wall Street, and the NASDAQ, at 165 Broadway, representing the world's largest and second largest stock exchanges, respectively, when measured both by overall share trading value and by total market capitalization of their listed companies in 2013. +Classical Latin distinguished between long and short vowels . +Recently, integration into the EU and increased communications with foreigners prompted many Samis to reverse the order of their full name to given name followed by surname, to avoid their given name being mistaken for and used as a surname . +Language Interface Packs (LIPs) are redistributable and may be downloaded from Microsoft's Download Center and installed for any edition of Windows ( XP or later ) - they translate most, but not all, of the Windows interface, and require a certain base language (the language which Windows originally shipped with). +Sanamahism is the ancient indigenous religion. +The Levant followed by Mesopotamia are the sites of the earliest developments of the Neolithic Revolution from around 10,000 BC. +However, many rescue workers and residents of the area developed several life-threatening illnesses that have led to some of their subsequent deaths. +There has been considerable exploration of different timbres in the bass line region, particularly within techstep. +In July 2011 The Sunday Times was implicated in the wider News International phone hacking scandal which primarily involved the News of the World, a Murdoch tabloid newspaper published in the UK from 1843 to 2011. +The Andean region cuts across several natural and floristic regions due to its extension from Caribbean Venezuela to cold, windy and wet Cape Horn passing through the hyperarid Atacama Desert. + The division was formalized in 1956 when the Antelias (Cilisian) See broke away from the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin See. +Istanbul's Galatasaray S.K. and Fenerbahçe S.K. have fared better in international competition and share the honor of winning the most Süper Lig championships. +In Spain, especially Catalonia , the paternal and maternal surnames are often combined using y (Spanish) or i (in Catalan), see for example the economist Xavier Sala-i-Martin or painter Salvador Dalí i Domènech. +The movement is usually believed to have begun in 1963, when "Mother of the Movement" Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique, and President John F. Kennedy's Presidential Commission on the Status of Women released its report on gender inequality . +At the end of the war no foreign troops were stationed on its soil. +The 132-acre Pittsburgh campus has multiple contributing historic buildings of the Schenley Farms Historic District, most notably its 42-story Gothic revival centerpiece, the Cathedral of Learning. +Her 1984 book Cities and the Wealth of Nations proposed a solution to the various ills plaguing cities whose economies were being ruined by centralized national governments: decentralization through the "multiplication of sovereignties", i.e., acceptance of the right of cities to secede from the larger nation states that were squelching their ability to produce wealth. +By far the most financially profitable West Indian colonies in 1800 belonged to the United Kingdom . +This change was partly due to the decision of a key Croatian Peasant Party member, Božidar Magovac, to join the Partisans in June 1943, and partly due to the surrender of Italy. +Feyenoord, founded in 1908 and the dominant of the three professional clubs, has won fourteen national titles since the introduction of professional football in the Netherlands. +In the 1830s the missions were disbanded and the lands sold to Californios. +In tournament play, as well as in the NHL playoffs, North Americans favour sudden death overtime , in which the teams continue to play twenty-minute periods until a goal is scored. +Homeless individuals report mental illness as being the number three reason for becoming or staying homeless. +Because British merchants offered generous credit to their customers,[citation needed] Americans began buying staggering amounts of British goods. +Although the word acronym is often used to refer to any abbreviation formed from initial letters, many dictionaries and usage commentators define acronym to mean an abbreviation that is pronounced as a word, in contradistinction to an initialism (or alphabetism)‍—‌an abbreviation formed from a string of initials (and possibly pronounced as individual letters ). +In vertebrates, the nervous system can be split into two parts, the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), and the peripheral nervous system . +Due to the Bolshevik revolution and the subsequent annexation of Armenia by the U.S.S.R ., all functioning religious institutions in Armenia and NKAO were closed down, and their clergymen either exiled or shot. +Amongst the most significant legal victories of the movement after the formation of NOW were a 1967 Executive Order extending full affirmative action rights to women, a 1968 EEOC decision ruling illegal sex-segregated help wanted ads, Title IX and the Women's Educational Equity Act (1972 and 1974, respectively, educational equality), Title X (1970, health and family planning), the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (1974), the Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978, the outlawing of marital rape (although not outlawed in all states until 1993 ), and the legalization of no-fault divorce (although not legalized in all states until 2010 ), a 1975 law requiring the U.S. Military Academies to admit women, and many Supreme Court cases, perhaps most notably Reed v. Reed of 1971 and Roe v. Wade of 1973. +In Chile, marriage has no effect at all on either of the spouses' names, so people keep their birth names for all their life, no matter how many times marital status , theirs or that of their parents, may change. +In contrast, α-tin (nonmetallic form, or gray tin), which is stable below 13.2 °C (55.8 °F) , is brittle. +Here, the argument is denoted by the symbol x, but different symbols may be used in other contexts. +Punched tin-plated steel, also called pierced tin , is an artisan technique originating in central Europe for creating housewares that are both functional and decorative. +In recent years, largely due to the efforts of the National Coalition for the Homeless (NCH) and academic researchers, the problem of violence against the homeless has gained national attention. +The band of precipitation that is associated with their warm front is often extensive, forced by weak upward vertical motion of air over the frontal boundary which condenses as it cools and produces precipitation within an elongated band, which is wide and stratiform, meaning falling out of nimbostratus clouds. +By the time of the last, or Eemian Stage (MIS 5e), the Eemian Sea was in place. +Some of these instruments produce a virtual image when applied to the human eye; others produce a real image that can be captured on photographic film or an optical sensor, or can be viewed on a screen. +In countries that follow the tradition of ancient Scotland , it is a first professional graduate degree awarded upon graduation from medical school. +This result was established independently by Alonzo Church and Alan Turing in 1936 and 1937 , respectively, giving a negative answer to the Entscheidungsproblem posed by David Hilbert in 1928. +Other important crops that originated from the Andes are tobacco and potatoes . +By recovering histories that have been erased and overlooked, new forms of consciousness are created, establishing alternative registers of moral and political meaning and authority through what Maylei Blackwell termed "retrofitted memory." +Pitt's study abroad program, under the auspices of UCIS, helps to facilitate student study in over a hundred different countries , and oversees a variety of programs including the Panther Programs, which are course taught abroad that have been developed and are accompanied by faculty of the university; two-way exchange agreements with foreign institutions; and Pitt-recognized, third-party exchange programs. +This has been interpreted by some historians from Windsor, Nova Scotia as reminiscence of the days when the author was a student at King's College School in that town in 1810 and earlier. +The festival is marked by cultural events such as traditional dances, folk dances, songs, sports and the Miss Kut contest.[citation needed] It is a festival of peace and thanksgiving to the Almighty for the harvests .[citation needed] +The Bronx has the Yankees (American League) and Queens has the Mets (National League) of Major League Baseball. +The present Cuban government of Raúl Castro disputes this arrangement, claiming Cuba was not truly sovereign at the time of the signing . +Raggacore resembles a faster version of the ragga influenced jungle music of the 1990s, similar to breakcore but with more friendly dancehall beats (dancehall itself being a very important influence on drum and bass). +The Gold Rush populated the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada, but even by 1860 most of the Sierra was unexplored. +Sandy's winds drove storm surges into streets, and cut power to 98 percent of homes and businesses en route to more than $360 million in damage. +Most of the settlers came from Protestant backgrounds in Britain and the Continent, with a small proportion of Catholics (chiefly in Maryland ) and a few Jews in port cities. +Medical graduates are awarded a certificate in general medicine , called "Professional Doctorate in Medicine" validated by the "Ministry of health and Medical Education of Iran". +These historical positions were also expressed during the debate around the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, which authorized the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), an approximately $700 billion bailout package (later reduced to $430 billion) for the banking industry. +Once a droplet has frozen, it grows in the supersaturated environment. +More specifically, the status of "major party" is usually reconfirmed every four years , as belonging to the two parties that polled best, statewide, in the gubernatorial column; this status includes the benefit of appearing in one of the top two rows on the ballot provided the party has at least one candidate on the ballot. +Men are at greater risk of heart disease than pre-menopausal women . +These include names, also known as eke-names, based on appearance such as "Schwartzkopf," " Short ," and possibly "Caesar," and names based on temperament and personality such as "Daft," "Gutman," and "Maiden," which, according to a number of sources, was an English nickname meaning "effeminate." + Subarctic climates are cold with continuous permafrost and little precipitation. +On April 26, 2012, the results of a study which tested their subjects' pro-social sentiments were published in the Social Psychological and Personality Science journal in which non-religious people had higher scores showing that they were more inclined to show generosity in random acts of kindness, such as lending their possessions and offering a seat on a crowded bus or train. +A brief dramatic episode of Marxist–Leninist revolution took place in North America during the October Crisis in the province of Quebec in Canada, where the Marxist–Leninist and Quebec separatist Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) kidnapped the British Trade Commissioner in Canada, James Cross, and Quebec government minister Pierre Laporte who was later killed, it issued a manifesto condemning what it considered English Canadian imperialism in French Quebec calling for an independent, socialist Quebec. + When it gets cold, Mars has precipitation that most likely takes the form of ice needles , rather than rain or snow. +Rice was domesticated in southern China later on. +The word "decentralization" came into usage in the 1820s. "Centralization" entered written English in the first third of the 1800s;.mentions of decentralization also first appear during those years. +In the event of a tie, each team would still receive one point in the standings but in the event of a victory the winning team would be awarded two points in the standings and the losing team one point. +The language for both the keyboard and the interface can be changed through the Region and Language Control Panel . +According to the 2009 American Community Survey, the average household size was 2.11 , and the average family size was 3.21. +The Cat in the Hat, and a book of fairy tales , "fabulae mirabiles," are intended to garner popular interest in the language. +In addition to the territories noted above, the United States administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands from July 18, 1947 until October 1, 1994 . +Having constructed saxophones in several sizes in the early 1840s, Sax applied for, and received, a 15-year patent for the instrument on June 28, 1846. +Some areas currently being researched include the possible links between infection with Chlamydophila pneumoniae ( a major cause of pneumonia ) +Samanyolu TV, Kanal D, and ATV are other stations in Istanbul that offer a mix of news and series; NTV (partnered with U.S. media outlet MSNBC) and Sky Turk—both based in the city—are mainly just known for their news coverage in Turkish. +In China, the Communist Party of China led by Mao Zedong reluctantly abandoned the civil war with the Kuomintang and cooperated with it against Japanese occupation forces. +However, in those cases, Connecticut income tax must be withheld only to the extent the Connecticut tax exceeds the amount withheld by the other jurisdiction . +To avoid ambiguity, one might often informally see these true compound surnames hyphenated , for instance, as Paz-y-Miño. +.Microsoft updates Xbox One's OS every month, and these updates can be downloaded from the Xbox Live service to the Xbox and subsequently installed, or by using offline recovery images downloaded via a PC. +J. M. Thompson, in his 1914 article in The Hibbert Journal ( a quarterly philosophical review) , used it to describe changes in attitudes and beliefs in the critique of religion: "The raison d'etre of Post-Modernism is to escape from the double-mindedness of Modernism by being thorough in its criticism by extending it to religion as well as theology, to Catholic feeling as well as to Catholic tradition." +The initial campus plan for the new location centered on the winning submission from a national architectural contest that incorporated a Greek Acropolis design by Henry Hornbostel for 30 buildings. +Windows 3.0, released in 1990 , improved the design, mostly because of virtual memory and loadable virtual device drivers (VxDs) that allow Windows to share arbitrary devices between multi-tasked DOS applications.[citation needed] Windows 3.0 applications can run in protected mode, which gives them access to several megabytes of memory without the obligation to participate in the software virtual memory scheme. +Samuel Beckett is sometimes seen as an important precursor and influence. +In Spain, a 1995 reform in the law allows the parents to choose whether the father's or the mother's surname goes first, although this order must be the same for all their children. +In 2009, Pitt was ranked second overall, and the top public university in the nation, as a "Best Neighbor" for positive impact on its urban community , including both commercial and residential activities such as revitalization, cultural renewal, economics, and community service and development according to the "Saviors of Our Cities" ranking. +The eye of the "Long Island Express" passed just west of New Haven and devastated the Connecticut shoreline between Old Saybrook and Stonington , which lacked the partial protection provided by Long Island, N.Y. to points west from the full force of wind and waves. +During the English Civil War , Oxford housed the court of Charles I in 1642, after the king was expelled from London, although there was strong support in the town for the Parliamentarian cause. +The Soviet Union was brought into World War II and joined the Western Allies in a common front against the Axis Powers. + Alexis de Tocqueville was an advocate , writing: "Decentralization has, not only an administrative value, but also a civic dimension, since it increases the opportunities for citizens to take interest in public affairs; it makes them get accustomed to using freedom. +The human brain alone contains around one hundred billion neurons and one hundred trillion synapses +Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). +Cases of poisoning from tin metal, its oxides, and its salts are "almost unknown" . +As of the 2005–2006 season , a minor penalty is also assessed for "diving", where a player embellishes or simulates an offence. +Structural engineering theory is based upon applied physical laws and empirical knowledge of the structural performance of different materials and geometries. + The METAR code for snow is SN , while snow showers are coded SHSN. +For instance, using a magnifying glass of 5 cm focal length, held 20 cm from the eye and 5 cm from the object, produces a virtual image at infinity of infinite linear size: M = ∞. +They are almost always cable or fabric structures . +The codes of law of the colonies were often drawn directly from English law; indeed, English common law survives not only in Canada, but also throughout the United States. +Non-governmental organizations help the homeless by advocating or by physical and financial aid. +This metal alloy is referred to as spotted metal . +Dominated by low-cost carriers, Istanbul's second airport has rapidly become popular, especially since the opening of a new international terminal in 2009 ; the airport handled 14.7 million passengers in 2012, a year after Airports Council International named it the world's fastest-growing airport. +Although fighting is officially prohibited in the rules, it is both a target of criticism and a considerable draw for the sport. +Rules are now more strictly enforced, resulting in more penalties, which in turn provides more protection to the players and facilitates more goals being scored . +."One project of second wave feminism was to create 'positive' images of women , to act as a counterweight to the dominant images circulating in popular culture and to raise women's consciousness of their oppressions." +While those held in slavery in their own region of Africa might hope to escape, those shipped away had little chance of returning to Africa. +Since the 1970s there has been deregulation of some industries, like banking, trucking, airlines and telecommunications which resulted generally in more competition and lower prices .[citation needed] According to Cato Institute, an American libertarian think-tank, some industries deregulation of aspects of an industry were offset by more ambitious regulations elsewhere that hurt consumers, the electricity industry being a prime example. +This promoted the rapid expansion of the legal profession, so that the intense involvement of lawyers in politics became an American characteristic by the 1770s. +In the case of a camera one would quote the plate scale , which compares the apparent (angular) size of a distant object to the size of the real image produced at the focus. +Most of the many grand figure reliefs in Ancient Greek sculpture used a very "high" version of high-relief , with elements often fully free of the background, and parts of figures crossing over each other to indicate depth. +Gulag forced labour camps were dismantled. +From January 2000 to January 2008 (the pre-recession peak), job creation averaged 77,000 jobs /month. +A typical edition contains the equivalent of 450 to 500 tabloid pages . + Partly as a result of this warming, monthly rainfall is about 28% greater between 32 to 64 kilometres (20 to 40 mi) downwind of cities, compared with upwind. +The beginning of this process in different regions has been dated from 10,000 to 8,000 BC in the Fertile Crescent and perhaps 8000 BC in the Kuk Early Agricultural Site of Melanesia to 2500 BC in Subsaharan Africa , with some[who?] considering the developments[clarification needed] of 9000–7000 BC in the Fertile Crescent to be the most important. + An elevated portion of a frontal zone forces broad areas of lift, which form clouds decks such as altostratus or cirrostratus . +Civil engineering structures are often subjected to very extreme forces, such as large variations in temperature, dynamic loads such as waves or traffic, or high pressures from water or compressed gases . +Ornamental names used as surnames are more common in communities which adopted (or were forced to adopt) surnames in the 18th and 19th centuries . + This function will be referred to as the "color-of-the-shape function" . +Rather than dumping the spoil at sea or in landfills, the fill material was used to expand the Manhattan shoreline across West Street, creating Battery Park City . +The Marxism–Leninist worldview promotes atheism as a fundamental tenet. +The suburban towns of New Canaan and Darien in Fairfield County are considered the most Republican areas in the state. +Per Article XV of the state constitution, Senators and Representatives must be at least 18 years of age and are elected to two-year terms in November on even-numbered years. +The Thai medical education is 6 years system, consisting of 1 year in basic-science, 2 years in pre-clinical training, and 3 years for clinical training. +Some authors, like Jared Diamond, have postulated that this East-West axis is the main reason why plant and animal domestication spread so quickly from the Fertile Crescent to the rest of Eurasia and North Africa , while it did not reach through the North-South axis of Africa to reach the Mediterranean climates of South Africa, where temperate crops were successfully imported by ships in the last 500 years. +The stronger the temperature decrease with height, the deeper the clouds get, and the greater the precipitation rate becomes. +All real and personal property located within the state of Connecticut is taxable unless specifically exempted by statute. +Istanbul is an increasingly popular tourist destination; whereas just 2.4 million foreigners visited the city in 2000, it welcomed 12.56 million foreign tourists in 2015, making it the world's fifth most-visited city. +During the last decade and more, a transfer of wealth from the poorer classes to the wealthier classes has affected widespread poverty across the country, later exacerbated by the 2008 subprime mortgage crisis. +By the late Roman Republic (75 BC), Old Latin had been standardized into Classical Latin . + Drought can kill crops and increase erosion, while overly wet weather can cause harmful fungus growth. +For example, in physics, the velocity of some body, depending on the time, is denoted v(t) . +Following the reopening of the National Museum of American History on November 21, 2008 , the flag is now on display in a special exhibition, "The Star-Spangled Banner: The Flag That Inspired the National Anthem," where it rests at a 10 degree angle in dim light for conservation purposes. +The obelisk erected by Theodosius in the Hippodrome of Constantinople is still visible in Sultanahmet Square , and a section of the Valens Aqueduct, constructed in the late 4th century, stands relatively intact at the western edge of the Fatih district. +When the Senate had an odd number of Senators retiring at an election (3 or 5), 51% of the vote would lead to a clear majority of 3 out of 5 per state. +Other major arteries in the state include U.S. Route 7 (US 7) in the west traveling parallel to the New York state line, Route 8 farther east near the industrial city of Waterbury and traveling north–south along the Naugatuck River Valley nearly parallel with US 7, and Connecticut Route 9 in the east. +David Livingstone , took the opposite view, arguing that the fragile local economy and societies were being severely harmed by the trade. +Large numbers may use metric prefixes, as with Y2K for "Year 2000" (sometimes written Y2k, because the SI symbol for 1000 is k—not K, which stands for kelvin). +The two papers were founded independently and have been under common ownership only since 1966 . +Although surplus line insurers are still regulated by the states in which they are actually admitted, the disadvantages of obtaining insurance from a surplus line insurer are that the policy will usually be written on a nonstandard form (that is, not from the Insurance Services Office), and if the insurer collapses, its insureds in states in which it is nonadmitted will not enjoy certain types of protection available to insureds in states in which the insurer is admitted. +They were formed into thirty full regiments of infantry, including two in the U.S. +For example, an interpretation I(P) of a binary predicate symbol P may be the set of pairs of integers such that the first one is less than the second. +About 41.3% of Manipuri people are Hindus. +Marxism–Leninism first became a distinct philosophical movement in the Soviet Union during the 1920s, when Joseph Stalin and his supporters gained control of the Russian Communist Party (bolsheviks). +The city suffered two serious fires in 1644 and 1671. +In the years 2005–2011 the city struggled with venues for popmusic.[citation needed] Many of the venues suffered severe financial problems. +Because of their restaurants, historic summer mansions, and tranquil, car-free streets, the Princes' Islands are a popular vacation destination among Istanbulites and foreign tourists . +In January 1986, after the announcement of a strike by print workers , production of The Sunday Times, along with other newspapers in the group, was shifted to a new plant in Wapping, and the strikers were dismissed. +Not only does this avoid the call overhead, but it also allows the compiler to optimize the procedure's body more effectively by taking into account the context and arguments at that call. +In 1763, Louisiana around New Orleans and west of the Mississippi River was ceded to Spain . +The Chancellor is delegated with general administrative, academic, and management authority over the university . +This process, referred to as clef substitution , makes it possible for the Eb instruments to play from parts written for bassoon, tuba, trombone, or string bass. +Article IV, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution defines the extent of the authority that the U.S. Congress exercises over the territory of the United States: +The 6-mile (9.7 km) road circling the park is popular with joggers, bicyclists and inline skaters, especially on weekends and in the evenings after 7:00 pm , when automobile traffic is banned. +In the American colonies, settlers from northern Ireland focused on mixed-farming. +The United States Supreme Court in Texas v. White held that political states do not have the right to secede, though it did allow some possibility of the divisibility " through revolution , or through consent of the States." +These societies radically modified their natural environment by means of specialized food-crop cultivation (e.g., irrigation and deforestation) which allowed extensive surplus food production . +Joseph C. Miller has argued that the social change and demographic stagnation (which he researched on the example of West Central Africa ) was caused primarily by domestic factors. +A Reuters/Ipsos survey from April 2015 found that 68% of Americans overall would attend the same-sex wedding of a loved one, with 56% of Republicans agreeing. +The University of Oxford is first mentioned in 12th century records. +After the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the core base shifted considerably, with the Southern United States becoming more reliably Republican in presidential politics, and the Northeastern United States becoming more reliably Democratic, especially since 1992. +Minor parties appear below major parties , and their performance in recent elections determines whether a candidates who wins in their nomination process must also meet a petitioning threshold in order to appear. +The Argentine Civilian Code states both uses are correct, but police offices and passports are issued with the complete name. +Soon, however, Salk began to test inoculations in paralyzed polio patients and by 1953 human trials among the general population were initiated. +Inadequate sanitary practices and the domestication of animals may explain the rise in deaths and sickness following the Neolithic Revolution, as diseases jumped from the animal to the human population. +On October 29 and 30, 2012 , Hurricane Sandy caused extensive destruction in the borough, ravaging portions of Lower Manhattan with record-high storm surge from New York Harbor, severe flooding, and high winds, causing power outages for hundreds of thousands of city residents and leading to gasoline shortages and disruption of mass transit systems. +Sweden's defeat in the Great Northern War brought Russia to the eastern coast. +Sherratt argues that this phase in agricultural development enabled humans to make use of the energy possibilities of their animals in new ways, and permitted permanent intensive subsistence farming and crop production, and the opening up of heavier soils for farming. +The California and Sierra Native American tribes were predominantly peaceful , with occasional territorial disputes between the Paiute and Sierra Miwok tribes in the mountains. +Following the war, Britain gained all French territory east of the Mississippi River, including Quebec , the Great Lakes, and the Ohio River valley. +The complete oxidation of fatty acids provides high caloric content, about 9 kcal/g, compared with 4 kcal/g for the breakdown of carbohydrates and proteins. +In 2001, Mayor Bart Peterson endorsed a 10-year plan, called the Blueprint to End Homelessness , and made it one of his administration's top priorities. +The United States Congress passed the Slave Trade Act of 1794 , which prohibited the building or outfitting of ships in the U.S. for use in the slave trade. +No scholars dispute the harm done to the enslaved people but the effect of the trade on African societies is much debated, due to the apparent influx of goods to Africans. +There is only one known pre-twentieth-century [English] word with an acronymic origin and it was in vogue for only a short time in 1886 . +Marxism–Leninism first became a distinct philosophical movement in the Soviet Union during the 1920s , when Joseph Stalin and his supporters gained control of the Russian Communist Party (bolsheviks). +The earliest rocks in the Sierra Nevada are metamorphic roof pendants of Paleozoic age, the oldest rocks being metasedimentary rocks from the Cambrian in the Mount Morrison region . +Elected representatives learned to listen to these interests because 90% of the men in the lower houses lived in their districts, unlike England where it was common to have an absentee member of Parliament. +Until early 1942, the almost exclusively Serb Partisans in Bosnia and Herzegovina cooperated closely with the Chetniks, and some Partisans in eastern Herzegovina and western Bosnia refused to accept Muslims into their ranks. +Of these proposals, one created by 17-year-old Robert G. Heft in 1958 as a school project received the most publicity. +only 4 crosstown roads for travel through Central Park, which is between 59th Street and 110th Street. +After these products had been delivered to port towns such as Boston and Salem in Massachusetts, New Haven in Connecticut, and Newport and Providence in Rhode Island, merchants then exported them to the West Indies where they were traded for molasses, sugar, gold coins, and bills of exchange (credit slips) . +They can be initiated from the centers of authority (" top-down ") or from individuals, localities or regions ("bottom-up"), or from a "mutually desired" combination of authorities and localities working together. +Unlike other true compound surnames, which resulted from the merging of a previously paternal and maternal surname, the Álava compound surname is characterized for having the first portion of the surname as a patronymic, normally a Spanish patronymic (i.e. from the Castilian language) or more unusually a Basque language patronymic, followed by the preposition "de", with the second part of the surname being a local toponymic surname from Álava . +In addition, in the November congressional elections, while Republicans lost 7 seats in the House, they retained control. +Based on earlier theories by Eric Williams , he asserted that the industrial revolution was at least in part funded by agricultural profits from the Americas. +Reliefs are common throughout the world on the walls of buildings and a variety of smaller settings, and a sequence of several panels or sections of relief may represent an extended narrative. +Amidst civil war between the Reds and the Whites, the RSFSR inherited the war that the Russian Empire was fighting against Germany that was ended a year later with an armistice. +The peak of Chimborazo in the Ecuadorean Andes is farther from the Earth's center than any other location on the Earth's surface, due to the equatorial bulge resulting from the Earth's rotation. +In later years, in response to increasing public demand , water from various springs was channeled to public fountains, like the Fountain of Ahmed III, by means of supply lines. +However, in some areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina the Partisans were successful in attracting both Muslims and Croats from the beginning, notably in the Kozara Mountain area in north-west Bosnia and the Romanija Mountain area near Sarajevo . +Being primarily an island, Manhattan is linked to New York City's outer boroughs by numerous bridges, of various sizes. +opposition to that which is good or right ), while amorality is variously defined as an unawareness of, indifference toward, or disbelief in any set of moral standards or principles. +During 2011, there were 98,379 workers covered by petitions filed with ETA. +Inspired by system and cybernetics theorists like Norbert Wiener, Marshall McLuhan and Buckminster Fuller, in the 1960s Stewart Brand started the Whole Earth Catalog and later computer networking efforts to bring Silicon Valley computer technologists and entrepreneurs together with countercultural ideas. +Adjacent to the hall was the parlor, a room used to entertain guests that contained the family's best furnishings and the parent's bed . + The soprano saxophone was popularized by Sidney Bechet in early jazz, but then largely fell out of favor on the jazz scene until John Coltrane began to feature the instrument.[citation needed] Popular smooth jazz/contemporary pop musician Kenny G also features the soprano sax as his principal instrument. +The first was that the Partisans were courageous and aggressive in battling the German 1st Mountain and 104th Light Division, had suffered significant casualties, and required support. +Aerospace structure types include launch vehicles, (Atlas, Delta, Titan), missiles (ALCM, Harpoon), Hypersonic vehicles (Space Shuttle), military aircraft (F-16, F-18) and commercial aircraft (Boeing 777, MD-11). +Channels up to about 37 GHz primarily provide information on the liquid hydrometeors (rain and drizzle) in the lower parts of clouds, with larger amounts of liquid emitting higher amounts of microwave radiant energy. Channels above 37 GHz display emission signals, but are dominated by the action of solid hydrometeors (snow, graupel, etc.) to scatter microwave radiant energy. +Its five sites have a combined capacity of 4,930 car parking spaces, served by 20 Oxford Bus Company double deck buses with a combined capacity of 1,695 seats. + The influence of tenor saxophonist Lester Young with the Count Basie Orchestra in the late 1930s and the tremendous popularity of Coleman Hawkins' 1939 recording of Body and Soul marked the saxophone as an influence on jazz equal to that of the trumpet, which had been the defining instrument of jazz since its beginnings in New Orleans. +Chattel slavery was codified in Virginia law in 1656, and in 1662, the colony adopted the principle of partus sequitur ventrem , by which children of slave mothers were slaves, regardless of paternity. +Historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626, for the equivalent of US$1111, Manhattan real estate has since become among the most expensive in the world, with the value of Manhattan Island, including real estate, estimated to exceed US$3 trillion in 2013. +Tin is a malleable, ductile and highly crystalline silvery-white metal. When a bar of tin is bent, a crackling sound known as the tin cry can be heard due to the twinning of the crystals. +The flag is currently on display in the exhibition, " The Star-Spangled Banner: The Flag That Inspired the National Anthem " at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History in a two-story display chamber that protects the flag while it is on view. +Eric Kandel and collaborators have cited David Rioch, Francis O. Schmitt, and Stephen Kuffler as having played critical roles in establishing the field. +Obesity and diabetes mellitus are often linked to cardiovascular disease , as are a history of chronic kidney disease and hypercholesterolaemia. +Marxism–Leninism first became a distinct philosophical movement in the Soviet Union during the 1920s, when Joseph Stalin and his supporters gained control of the Russian Communist Party ( bolsheviks ). +Since printing was expensive, most publications focused on purely practical matters such as major news, advertisements, and business reports . +This degree typically requires between four and six years of study and clinical training, and is equivalent to the North American MD degree. +Morality does not depend upon religion although for some this is " an almost automatic assumption ". +It also determines a domain of discourse that specifies the range of the quantifiers . +These were transported across Slovenia, from where many were airlifted from Semič , while others made the longer overland trek down through Croatia for a boat passage to Bari in Italy. +Libertarian socialists generally place their hopes in decentralized means of direct democracy such as libertarian municipalism, citizens' assemblies, or workers' councils. +A second subway, the Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) system, connects six stations in Manhattan to northern New Jersey . +The city is known worldwide as the home of the University of Oxford, the oldest university in the English-speaking world . + Its decentralization may be territorial , moving power from a central city to other localities, and it may be functional, moving decision-making from the top administrator of any branch of government to lower level officials, or divesting of the function entirely through privatization. +Others are given by a picture, called the graph of the function . +Such re-settlement continued throughout the 19th century, increasing following the deterioration of race relations in the southern states of the US following Reconstruction in 1877 . +The 2010 games in Vancouver were the first played in an NHL city since the inclusion of NHL players. +Although short-lived due to a lack of infrastructure , this was the first instance of a resistance movement having its own air force. +The Liberation Front Plenum was renamed the Slovenian National Liberation Council at the conference in Črnomelj on 19 February 1944 and transformed into the Slovenian parliament.[citation needed] +Akmerkez was awarded the titles of "Europe's best" and "World's best" shopping mall by the International Council of Shopping Centers in 1995 and 1996; Istanbul Cevahir has been one of the continent's largest since opening in 2005; Kanyon won the Cityscape Architectural Review Award in the Commercial Built category in 2006. +The majority of Pitt-owned facilities are clustered in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh which includes the Schenley Farms Historic District, however a few prominent facilities are scattered elsewhere throughout the city, including the adjacent Shadyside neighborhood. +Age, sex, smoking, blood pressure, blood lipids and diabetes are important predictors of future cardiovascular disease in people who are not known to have cardiovascular disease. +It is made up of 36 voting members: Chancellor, 17 Term Trustees elected by the Board, 6 Alumni Trustees elected by the board on nomination from the Alumni Association Board of Directors, and 12 Commonwealth trustees. +According to a 2013 study by Phoenix Marketing International, Connecticut had the third-largest number of millionaires per capita in the United States, with a ratio of 7.32 percent . +A surname or family name is a name added to a given name . +Before the 1930s hockey was an on-side game, meaning that only backward passes were allowed . +The procedure used a silver chromate salt to reveal the intricate structures of individual neurons . +Merchants often bought wool and flax from farmers and employed newly arrived immigrants, who had been textile workers in Ireland and Germany, to work in their homes spinning the materials into yarn and cloth . +The largest organization that retains Latin in official and quasi-official contexts is the Catholic Church . +Amidst civil war between the Reds and the Whites, the RSFSR inherited the war that the Russian Empire was fighting against Germany that was ended a year later with an armistice. +Tin becomes a superconductor below 3.72 K. +Very high relief reemerged in the Renaissance , and was especially used in wall-mounted funerary art and later on Neo-classical pediments and public monuments. +Thomas Chandler Haliburton, in The Attache: Second Series (published in 1844 ) imagined a dialogue, between two of the novel's characters, which mentions playing "hurly on the long pond on the ice". +The Republican Party has since been defined by social conservatism, a preemptive war foreign policy intended to defeat terrorism and promote global democracy, a more powerful executive branch, supply side economics, support for gun ownership, and deregulation. +In 1898, when New York City consolidated with three neighboring counties to form "the City of Greater New York", Manhattan and the Bronx , though still one county, were established as two separate boroughs. +A classical form of Manipuri dance based and inspired by the theme of Lord Krishna and his beloved Radha 's +Within these small farm families, and English families as well, a man had complete power over the property and his wife . +Republicans have historically strongly opposed same-sex marriage (the party's overall attitude on civil unions is much more divided, with some in favor and others opposed), with the issue a galvanizing one that many believe helped George W. Bush win re-election in 2004. +This restricting view ignores the oppressions women faced determined by their race, class, and sexuality, and gave rise to women of color feminisms that separated from the women's liberation movement, such as Black feminism, Africana womanism, and the Hijas de Cuauhtémoc that emerged at California State University, Long Beach, which was founded by Anna NietoGomez , due to the Chicano Movement's sexism. + Many reservoirs were constructed in the canyons of the Sierra throughout the 20th century, Several major aqueducts serving both agriculture and urban areas distribute Sierra water throughout the state. +The point where the axes meet is taken as the origin for both , thus turning each axis into a number line. +Mussolini's Italy occupied the remainder of Slovenia (annexed and renamed as the Province of Lubiana ), Kosovo, and large chunks of the coastal Dalmatia region (along with nearly all its Adriatic islands). +In October 2013 Father Asoghik Karapetyan , the director of the Museum of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, stated on television that an atheist Armenian is not a "true Armenian". +There are several executive departments: Administrative Services, Agriculture, Banking, Children and Families, Consumer Protection, Correction, Economic and Community Development, Developmental Services, Construction Services, Education, Emergency Management and Public Protection, Energy & Environmental Protection, Higher Education, Insurance, Labor, Mental Health and Addiction Services, Military, Motor Vehicles, Public Health, Public Utility Regulatory Authority, Public Works, Revenue Services, Social Services, Transportation, and Veterans Affairs . +They each raise over $100 million per election cycle, and play important roles in recruiting strong state candidates, while the Republican Governors Association (RGA) assists in state gubernatorial races; in 2014 it is chaired by Governor Chris Christie of New Jersey . +Windows NT 4.0 was released in June 1996 , introducing the redesigned interface of Windows 95 to the NT series. +Drum and bass has influenced many other genres like hip hop, big beat, dubstep, house music, trip hop, ambient music, techno, rock and pop . +In the notation ....g.∘.f...{\displaystyle g\circ f}.., the function on the right, f, acts first and the function on the left, g acts second, reversing English reading order . +Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system . +One of the most influential tracks in drum and bass history was "Amen Brother" by The Winstons which contains a drum solo that has since become known as the "Amen break" , which after being extensively used in early hip hop music, went on to become the basis for the rhythms used in drum and bass. +The movement is usually believed to have begun in 1963, when "Mother of the Movement" Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique, and President John F. Kennedy's Presidential Commission on the Status of Women released its report on gender inequality . +This is extremely important considering that 1 in 3 people die from complications attributable to atherosclerosis. +Capacity declined until the power station reached the end of its economic life and shut down in 1983 . +In such an oblique coordinate system the computations of distances and angles must be modified from that in standard Cartesian systems, and many standard formulas (such as the Pythagorean formula for the distance) do not hold (see Affine plane). +He entered the tidal strait now known as The Narrows aboard his ship La Dauphine and named the land around Upper New York Harbor "New Angoulême", in reference to the family name of King Francis I that was derived from Angoulême in France; he sailed far enough into the harbor to sight the Hudson River, which he referred to in his report to the French king as a "very big river"; and he named the Bay of Santa Margarita – what is now Upper New York Bay – after Marguerite de Navarre , the elder sister of the king. +The traditional view is that agricultural food production supported a denser population , which in turn supported larger sedentary communities, the accumulation of goods and tools, and specialization in diverse forms of new labor. +Benjamin West was a noteworthy painter of historical subjects and two first-rate portrait painters emerged in John Copley and Gilbert Stuart, yet all three men spent much of their lives in London . +According to a letter by Pieter Janszoon Schagen, Peter Minuit and Dutch colonists acquired Manhattan on May 24, 1626 from unnamed Native American people, which are believed to have been Canarsee Indians of the Lenape, in exchange for trade goods worth 60 guilders, often said to be worth US$24, although accounting for inflation, it actually amounts to around US$1,050 in 2014. +is also meant to point towards the observer, whereas the "middle" axis is meant to point away from the observer. +In November 1942 the movement was renamed into the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia (Narodnooslobodilačka vojska i partizanski odredi Jugoslavije, NOV i POJ), a name which it held until the end of the war. +The whole procedure takes around eight minutes . +President Obama advocated raising the minimum wage during February 2013: "The President is calling on Congress to raise the minimum wage from $7.25 to $9 in stages by the end of 2015 and index it to inflation thereafter, which would directly boost wages for 15 million workers and reduce poverty and inequality... +The energy yield of the complete oxidation of the fatty acid palmitate is 106 ATP . +After a few months Freeman started a newsletter which she called Voice of the women's liberation movement . +A few years later, in 1972, a new 12 team league, the World Hockey Association (WHA) was formed and due to its ensuing rivalry with the NHL, it caused an escalation in players salaries. +The output of a function f corresponding to an input x is denoted by f(x) ( read "f of x" ). +The former railway lift bridge De Hef ('the Lift') is preserved as a monument in lifted position between the Noordereiland ('North Island') and the south of Rotterdam. +Starting in the mid to late 1990s, QPFs were used within hydrologic forecast models to simulate impact to rivers throughout the United States. +Conceptually and in principle, morality and a religious value system are two distinct kinds of value systems or action guides ." +Other materials have been tried with varying degrees of success, such as the 1950s Grafton plastic alto saxophone and its recent successor, the polycarbonate saxophone, VibratoSax . +The distance from Oxford to London was 78 miles (125.5 km) via Bletchley; 63.5 miles (102.2 km) via Didcot and Reading; 63.25 miles (101.8 km) via Thame and Maidenhead; and 55.75 miles (89.7 km) via Denham. +The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 significantly reduced taxes relative to the full expiration of the Bush tax cuts. +The major commercial application of organotin compounds is in the stabilization of PVC plastics . +In 1968, an SDS organizer at the University of Washington told a meeting about white college men working with poor white men, and "[h]e noted that sometimes after analyzing societal ills, the men shared leisure time by 'balling a chick together.' He pointed out that such activities did much to enhance the political consciousness of poor white youth. +Hawaii was the only region to show a decrease (-9.25%). +The use of Constantinople to refer to the city during the Ottoman period (from the mid-15th century) is now considered politically incorrect , even if not historically inaccurate, by Turks. +On May 20, 2009, President Obama signed the Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing (HEARTH) Act into Public Law ( Public Law 111-22 or "PL 111-22" ), reauthorizing HUD's Homeless Assistance programs. +The first was that the Partisans were courageous and aggressive in battling the German 1st Mountain and 104th Light Division , had suffered significant casualties, and required support. +All members of the district councils and the Municipal Council, including the metropolitan mayor, are elected to five-year terms . +Conservatives historically have opposed labor unions and encouraged free trade agreements. +In the United States, large organizations such as the Society for Neuroscience have promoted neuroscience education by developing a primer called Brain Facts, collaborating with public school teachers to develop Neuroscience Core Concepts for K-12 teachers and students, and cosponsoring a campaign with the Dana Foundation called Brain Awareness Week to increase public awareness about the progress and benefits of brain research. +It is mainly bacteria that grow in it , digesting organic material and releasing hydrogen sulfide. +Owing largely to the prominence of the religious right in conservative politics in the United States, the Republican Party has taken positions regarded by many as outwardly hostile to the gay rights movement. +Elections are held in Marxist–Leninist states for all positions within the legislative structure, municipal councils, national legislatures and presidencies . +The arrangement as expressed in the Australian Constitution, however, still leaves the Senate with the power to reject supply bills or defer their passage – undoubtedly one of the Senate's most contentious and powerful abilities. +A 2005 study by Gregory S. Paul published in the Journal of Religion and Society stated that, "In general, higher rates of belief in and worship of a creator correlate with higher rates of homicide, juvenile and early adult mortality, STD infection rates, teen pregnancy, and abortion in the prosperous democracies," and "In all secular developing democracies a centuries long-term trend has seen homicide rates drop to historical lows" with the exceptions being the United States (with a high religiosity level) and "theistic" Portugal.[d] In a response, Gary Jensen builds on and refines Paul's study. +Stannane (SnH4), where tin is in the +4 oxidation state, is unstable. +The Prime Minister of the day, Gough Whitlam , contested the legitimacy of the blocking and refused to resign. +Only by holding a Medical Title can the postgraduate student apply for the Doctor degree through a Doctorate in Medicine program approved by the National Commission for University Evaluation and Accreditation . +In Egypt, from the late Middle Kingdom onwards, the brain was regularly removed in preparation for mummification. +Living in one spot would have more easily permitted the accrual of personal possessions and an attachment to certain areas of land. +Environmental regulations make further growth uncertain. +Its application is somewhat limited by the fact that some tin surfaces[which?] catalyze decomposition of carbonate-based electrolytes used in Li-ion batteries. +During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the U.S. Government tin stockpile was in an aggressive selling mode, partly to take advantage of the historically high tin prices. +Diversity.Norman L. Johnson writes that diversity plays an important role in decentralized systems like ecosystems, social groups, large organizations, political systems. +The trip is notoriously frustrating for drivers because of heavy congestion on narrow local streets laid out by the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, absence of express roads other than the Trans-Manhattan Expressway at the far north end of Manhattan Island, and only 4 crosstown roads for travel through Central Park, which is between 59th Street and 110th Street . +The period between the World Wars saw the election of reformist mayor Fiorello La Guardia and the fall of Tammany Hall after 80 years of political dominance. +Pitt ranked 70th worldwide (and 41st in the U.S.) in the 2015 Shanghai Jiao Tong University's Academic Ranking of World Universities. +As the name suggests, the postmodernist movement formed partly in reaction to the ideals of the modernist. +In addition to serving as a primary component of cellular membranes and binding sites for intra- and intercellular proteins, some glycerophospholipids in eukaryotic cells, such as phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidic acids are either precursors of or, themselves, membrane-derived second messengers. +PC World considered Windows ME to be one of the worst operating systems Microsoft had ever released, and the 4th worst tech product of all time. +The 1625 establishment of Fort Amsterdam at the southern tip of Manhattan Island is recognized as the birth of New York City . +Large-scale construction of new churches in the independence period and the negligence of endangered historic churches by the Apostolic church (and the government) have also been criticized. +Puritans in New England and Quakers in Pennsylvania opposed theatrical performances as immoral and ungodly. +In Africa, the spread of farming, and notably the Bantu expansion, is associated with the dispersal of Y-chromosome haplogroup E1b1a from West Africa. + The storm's updraft blows the hailstones to the upper part of the cloud. +Decentralization or decentralisation is the process of redistributing or dispersing functions, powers, people or things away from a central location or authority . +This resulted in a surge of Slovene and Croat nationalism in response and the collapse of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia in 1990 , the victory of nationalists in multiparty elections in most of Yugoslavia's constituent republics, and eventually civil war between the various nationalities beginning in 1991. +Reversing the order of names for the same reason is also customary for the Baltic Fennic peoples and the Hungarians , but other Uralic peoples traditionally did not have surnames, perhaps because of the clan structure of their societies. +On February 14, 2006, Microsoft AntiSpyware became Windows Defender with the release of Beta 2. +While Mayor of Denver, Colorado, Colorado Governor John Hickenlooper made dealing with the issues that underlie homelessness a top priority on his Mayoral agenda, speaking heavily on the issue during his first "State of the City" address in 2003 . +CBPP reported in September 2011 that both employment and GDP grew faster in the seven-year period following President Clinton's income tax rate increase of 1993, than a similar period after the Bush tax cuts of 2001. +In particular, European traders wanted to trade for gold , which could be found in western Africa, and also to find a naval route to "the Indies" (India), where they could trade for luxury goods such as spices without having to obtain these items from Middle Eastern Islamic traders. +By the 1850s, around 25 vessels and 2,000 officers and men were on the station, supported by some ships from the small United States Navy, and nearly 1,000 "Kroomen"—experienced fishermen recruited as sailors from what is now the coast of modern Liberia. +Manufacturers wrestled with manpower shortages; with American Brass and Manufacturing running at half capacity , the federal government agreed to furlough soldiers to join the Waterbury company. +The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Chapter I, Part II of the Australian Constitution. +These may be a simple first name such as "Wilhelm," a patronymic such as " Andersen ," a matronymic such as "Beaton," or a clan name such as "O'Brien." +A 2011 study led by Dr. Rebecca T. Brown in Boston, Massachusetts conducted by the Institute for Aging Research (an affiliate of Harvard Medical School), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program found the elderly homeless population had "higher rates of geriatric syndromes, including functional decline, falls, frailty and depression, than seniors in the general population and that many of these conditions may be easily treated if detected". +For example, as of December 2015, the unemployment rate in the United States was 5.0% or 7.9 million people, while the government's broader U-6 unemployment rate , which includes the part-time underemployed was 9.9% or approximately 16.4 million people. +In addition, moderate Republicans have recently held the governorships in several New England States, while Lincoln Chafee, a former moderate Republican senator is an independent-turned-Democrat former governor of Rhode Island . +A group of Jewish youths from Sarajevo attempted to join a Partisan detachment in Kalinovnik, but the Serbian Partisans turned them back to Sarajevo, where many were captured by the Axis forces and perished. +In some commonwealth nations these interns are designated as " house officers ". +In mathematics, a function is a relation between a set of inputs and a set of permissible outputs with the property that each input is related to exactly one output. +They comprise a large number of secondary metabolites and natural products from animal, plant, bacterial, fungal and marine sources , and have great structural diversity. +In March 1917 , Tsar Nicholas II abdicated his throne and a provisional government quickly filled the vacuum, proclaiming Russia a republic months later. +On January 1, 1914 , the New York state legislature created Bronx County, and New York County was reduced to its present boundaries. +The goods were the products of slave-labour plantations and included cotton, sugar, tobacco, molasses and rum . +.Another international organisation is IABSE (International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering). +Being among the first to adopt agriculture and sedentary lifestyles, and neighboring other early agricultural societies with whom they could compete and trade, both Europeans and East Asians were also among the first to benefit from technologies such as firearms and steel swords. +Beams and columns are called line elements and are often represented by simple lines in structural modeling. +Between 1807 and 1860, the Royal Navy's Squadron seized approximately 1,600 ships involved in the slave trade and freed 150,000 Africans who were aboard these vessels. +In 2013, a Central Florida Commission on Homelessness study indicated that the region spends $31,000 a year per homeless person to cover "salaries of law-enforcement officers to arrest and transport homeless individuals — largely for nonviolent offenses such as trespassing, public intoxication or sleeping in parks — as well as the cost of jail stays, emergency-room visits and hospitalization for medical and psychiatric issues. +Other researchers and historians have strongly contested what has come to be referred to as the “Williams thesis” in academia. +Reversing the order of names for the same reason is also customary for the Baltic Fennic peoples and the Hungarians , but other Uralic peoples traditionally did not have surnames, perhaps because of the clan structure of their societies. +In both China and Russia , lower level authorities attained greater powers than intended by central authorities. + A famous case of structural knowledge and practice being advanced in this manner can be found in a series of failures involving box girders which collapsed in Australia during the 1970s. +It received significant assistance from the Soviet Union during the liberation of Serbia, and substantial assistance from the Balkan Air Force from mid-1944, but only limited assistance, mainly from the British, prior to 1944. +Between 80,000 and 100,000 people were killed in the partisan purges and at least 30,000 people were killed in the Bleiburg killings, according to Marcus Tanner in his work, Croatia: a Nation Forged in War. +Joe Lieberman's predecessor, Lowell P. Weicker, Jr., was the last Connecticut Republican to serve as Senator. +Each state elects the same number of senators, meaning there is equal representation for each of the Australian states, regardless of population, so the Senate , like many upper houses, does not adhere to the principle of "one vote one value". +Owing largely to the prominence of the religious right in conservative politics in the United States, the Republican Party has taken positions regarded by many as outwardly hostile to the gay rights movement. +At any moment, the stack contains only the private data of the calls that are currently active (namely, which have been called but haven't returned yet). +As Joseph E. Inikori argues, the history of the region shows that the effects were still quite deleterious. +Some examples of the syllabic type are Gestapo rather than GSP (for Geheime Staatspolizei , 'secret state police'); Flak rather than FAK (for Fliegerabwehrkanone, anti-aircraft gun); Kripo rather than KP (for Kriminalpolizei, detective division police). +Replacing lead has many problems, including a higher melting point, and the formation of tin whiskers causing electrical problems . +Canada won six of the first seven gold medals to 1952, the exception occurring in 1936 when Great Britain won. +Connecticut casualties included 2088 killed in combat, 2801 dying from disease, and 689 dying in Confederate prison camps. +Political decentralization aims to give citizens or their elected representatives more power. It may be associated with pluralistic politics and representative government, but it also means giving citizens, or their representatives, more influence in the formulation and implementation of laws and policies. +In animals and archaea, the mevalonate pathway produces these compounds from acetyl-CoA, while in plants and bacteria the non-mevalonate pathway uses pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate as substrates. +In Tucson, Arizona, 91.3 FM KXCI has a two-hour electronic show known as " Digital Empire ", Friday nights at 10pm (MST). +By the early 1980s, it was largely perceived that women had met their goals and succeeded in changing social attitudes towards gender roles, repealing oppressive laws that were based on sex, integrating the "boys' clubs" such as Military academies, the United States armed forces, NASA, single-sex colleges, men's clubs, and the Supreme Court, and illegalizing gender discrimination. +The Monastic Brotherhood consists of the celibate clergy of the monastery who are led by an abbot . +From the 1920s onwards, the Modern movement sought to design and plan cities which followed the logic of the new model of industrial mass production ; reverting to large-scale solutions, aesthetic standardisation and prefabricated design solutions (Goodchild 1990). +According to the original Commissioner's Plan, there were 155 numbered crosstown streets, but later the grid was extended up to the northernmost corner of Manhattan, where the last numbered street is 220th Street (Manhattan). +40% of all Vietnamese have the surname Nguyen . +Since 1601, the Patriarchate has been based in Istanbul's Church of St. George . +Other challenges, and even dangers, include the possibility that corrupt local elites can capture regional or local power centers, while constituents lose representation; patronage politics will become rampant and civil servants feel compromised; further necessary decentralization can be stymied; incomplete information and hidden decision-making can occur up and down the hierarchies; centralized power centers can find reasons to frustrate decentralization and bring power back to themselves.[citation needed] +The Shan or Pong called the area Cassay, the Burmese Kathe, and the Assamese Meklee. In the first treaty between the British East India Company and Meidingu Chingthangkhomba (Bhagyachandra) signed in 1762, the kingdom was recorded as Meckley. +The ultimate goal of the Marxist–Leninist economy is the emancipation of the individual from alienating work , and therefore freedom from having to perform such labour to receive access to the material necessities for life. +He believed that the brain was not only involved with sensation—since most specialized organs (e.g., eyes, ears, tongue) are located in the head near the brain— but was also the seat of intelligence . +By the time European settlers arrived around 1600–1650 , the majority of the Native Americans living in the eastern United States had been ravaged by new diseases, introduced to them decades before by explorers and sailors. +A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. +Both projects may be completed as early as 2015 , although environmentalist groups worry that the third bridge will endanger the remaining green areas to the north of Istanbul. +Due to the difference in salinity, by salinity permeation principle , a sub-surface layer of more saline water moving in the opposite direction brings in 475 km3 (114 cu mi) per year. +Between the six players on the ice, they are typically divided into three forwards and two defensemen and a goaltender. +The Sunday Times occupies a dominant position in the quality Sunday market; its circulation of just under one million equals that of its main rivals, The Sunday Telegraph, The Observer and The Independent on Sunday, combined. +Haidt found that Americans who identified as liberals tended to value care and fairness higher than loyalty, respect and purity . +This is the case in Hungary, parts of Romania, Bavaria, Austria, South India, Sri Lanka, Madagascar and countries in the East Asian cultural sphere including Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam and China . +By the middle of the 18th century, New England's way of life was threatened by overpopulation, going from about 100,000 people in 1700 to 250,000 in 1725 and 375,000 in 1750 thanks to high birth rates and relatively high overall life expectancy (a 15-year-old boy in 1700 could expect to live to about 63). +where .....i..=...(....1.....0....).....{\displaystyle \mathbf {i} ={\begin{pmatrix}1\\0\end{pmatrix}}}.., and .....j..=...(....0.....1....).....{\displaystyle \mathbf {j} ={\begin{pmatrix}0\\1\end{pmatrix}}}.. are unit vectors in the direction of the x-axis and y-axis respectively, generally referred to as the standard basis (in some application areas these may also be referred to as versors). +Westport, a wealthy town a few miles to the east, is often considered one of the most loyally Democratic , liberal towns in Fairfield County. +A deductive system is used to demonstrate, on a purely syntactic basis, that one formula is a logical consequence of another formula. There are many such systems for first-order logic, including Hilbert-style deductive systems, natural deduction, the sequent calculus, the tableaux method, and resolution. +The biotechnology sector is also growing in Manhattan based upon the city's strength in academic scientific research and public and commercial financial support . +Private universities were officially outlawed in Turkey before the Constitution of 1982 , but there were already fifteen private "higher schools", which were effectively universities, in Istanbul by 1970. +Inc. magazine published 16 ideas to encourage new startups, including cutting red tape, approving micro-loans, allowing more immigration, and addressing tax uncertainty. +Columbia University's Earth Institute identified one of three major trends relating to decentralization as: "increased involvement of local jurisdictions and civil society in the management of their affairs, with new forms of participation, consultation, and partnerships ." +Former British prime minister Gordon Brown accused The Sunday Times of employing "known criminals" to impersonate him and obtain his private financial records. +Since 2007, the US Department of Housing and Urban Development has issued an Annual Homeless Assessment Report, which revealed the number of individuals and families that were homeless, both sheltered and unsheltered . +The term 'nanostructure' is often used when referring to magnetic technology . +Mineral supplements have also not been found to be useful . +In response to the outbreak of World War I, Lenin wrote his book Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism from 1915 to 1916 and published in 1917 in which he argued that capitalism directly leads to imperialism. +Although initially successful in this venture, "it was not long before African naval forces were alerted to the new dangers, and the Portuguese [raiding] ships began to meet strong and effective resistance", with the crews of several of them being killed by African sailors, whose boats were better equipped at traversing the west African coasts and river systems . +It is possible then to abbreviate this as M's P. (or similar), as used by former Australian Prime Minister Ben Chifley . +The main quad of Carnegie Mellon University, Central Catholic High School, and historic Schenley Park , site of the Phipps Conservatory & Botanical Gardens, lie across Junction Hollow on the east end. +The most densely populated areas tend to lie to the northwest, west, and southwest of the city center, on the European side; the most densely populated district on the Asian side is Üsküdar . +IJscolf , a game resembling colf on an ice-covered surface, was popular in the Low Countries between the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age. + The idea of an optional federal charter was first raised after a spate of solvency and capacity issues plagued property and casualty insurers in the 1970s. +Hartford is the poorest municipality in Connecticut, with a per capita income of $13,428 in 2000. +The forces which a boat or aircraft are subjected to vary enormously and will do so thousands of times over the structure's lifetime. +Estimates of tin production have historically varied with the dynamics of economic feasibility and the development of mining technologies, but it is estimated that, at current consumption rates and technologies, the Earth will run out of tin that can be mined in 40 years. +Modern sources estimate that between 2.4 and 7.5 million Ukrainians died in the Holodomor famine. +Finance and insurance is Connecticut's largest industry, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, generating 16.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2009. +As more and more states enacted versions of these model reforms into law, the pressure for federal reform of insurance regulation waned. However, there are still significant differences between states in their systems of insurance regulation, and the cost of compliance with those systems is ultimately borne by insureds in the form of higher premiums. +Perhaps the most accurate, comprehensive, and current data on homelessness in the United States is reported annually by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) in the Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress (AHAR), released in June of every year since 2007 . +In the 1980s, significant medical research in the field of organ transplantation was conducted by Thomas Starzl, establishing Pitt as the world leader in the field of organ transplantation. +The line joining the centres of the spheres making up the lens surfaces is called the axis of the lens. +Its function is typically to ensure a reliable supply of essential resources , especially for animals living in a habitat where food quantity or quality fluctuates unpredictably. +The league joined with teams in Michigan and Ontario to form the first fully professional league—the International Professional Hockey League (IPHL)—in 1904 . +They are able to communicate with neurons and other cell types through specialized junctions called synapses, at which electrical or electrochemical signals can be transmitted from one cell to another . +In 1662, Winthrop took advantage of this void in political affairs and obtained in England the charter by which the colonies of Connecticut and Quinnipiack were united from the newly restored Charles II , who granted liberal political terms. +Moral identity theorists, such as William Damon and Mordechai Nisan, see moral commitment as arising from the development of a self-identity that is defined by moral purposes: this moral self-identity leads to a sense of responsibility to pursue such purposes . +Morality (from the Latin moralitas "manner, character, proper behavior") is the differentiation of intentions, decisions, and actions between those that are distinguished as proper and those that are improper .Long, A. A.; Sedley, D. N. (1987). + Shallow-relief or rilievo stiacciato, used for the background areas of compositions with the main elements in low-relief, was perfected by the Italian Renaissance sculptor Donatello . +Critics argued that with an employment crisis, such fiscal austerity was premature and misguided . +A new front of Marxist–Leninist revolution erupted in Africa , with revolutions in Benin, the Republic of the Congo, and Somalia; Marxist–Leninist liberation fronts in Angola and Mozambique revolting against Portuguese colonial rule; the overthrow of Haile Selassie and the creation of the Derg communist military junta in Ethiopia; blacks led by Robert Mugabe in Rhodesia revolting against white-minority rule there. +The Andes are a Mesozoic–Tertiary orogenic belt of mountains along the Pacific Ring of Fire, a zone of volcanic activity that encompasses the Pacific rim of the Americas as well as the Asia-Pacific region. The Andes are the result of plate tectonics processes, caused by the subduction of oceanic crust beneath the South American plate. +the Waldorf Astoria New York , which became the most expensive hotel ever sold after being purchased by the Anbang Insurance Group, based in China, for US$1.95 billion. +National Highway 53 (India) connects Manipur with another railway station at Silchar in Assam, which is 269 km (167 mi) away from Imphal. +Some biomarkers may add to conventional cardiovascular risk factors in predicting the risk of future cardiovascular disease ; however, the clinical value of some biomarkers is questionable. +At its peak during World War II, the Yugoslav Partisans' Navy commanded 9 or 10 armed ships , 30 patrol boats, close to 200 support ships, six coastal batteries, and several Partisan detachments on the islands, around 3,000 men.[citation needed] On 26 October 1943, it was organized first into four, and later into six, Maritime Coastal Sectors (Pomorsko Obalni Sektor, POS). +They strove to preserve what they could and restore Latin to what it had been, introducing the practice of producing revised editions of the literary works that remained by comparing surviving manuscripts. +Oxford is one of the most diverse small cities in Britain: the most recent population estimates for 2005 showed that 27% of the population were from ethnic minority groups, including 16.2% from non-white ethnic minority ethnic groups (ONS). +Republican conservatives are strongest in the South, Mountain West and Midwest , where they draw support from social conservatives. +Indeed, from statistical data, Chicago has far less homeless per capita than peers New York, and Los Angeles, or other major cities such as Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Boston, among others, with only 5,922 homeless recorded in a one night count taken in 2007 . +An OECD study quotes Chanchal Kumar Sharma as stating: "a true assessment of the degree of decentralization in a country can be made only if a comprehensive approach is adopted and rather than trying to simplify the syndrome of characteristics into the single dimension of autonomy, interrelationships of various dimensions of decentralization are taken into account." +In 1945, the Partisans, numbering over 800,000 strong defeated the Armed Forces of the Independent State of Croatia and the Wehrmacht, achieving a hard-fought breakthrough in the Syrmian front in late winter, taking Sarajevo in early April , and the rest of the NDH and Slovenia through mid-May. After taking Rijeka and Istria, which were part of Italy before the war, they beat the Allies to Trieste by two days. +It is entirely syntactical ; one can tell whether it was correctly applied without appeal to any interpretation. +Connecticut (/kəˈnɛt[invalid input: 'ɨ']kət/ (listen) kə-NET-i-kət) is the southernmost state in the region of the United States known as New England. +In March 1917 , Tsar Nicholas II abdicated his throne and a provisional government quickly filled the vacuum, proclaiming Russia a republic months later. +According to this interpretation, the predicate P would be true if its first argument is less than the second. +The great majority went to sugarcane-growing colonies in the Caribbean and to Brazil , where life expectancy was short and the numbers had to be continually replenished. +In Spain , especially Catalonia, the paternal and maternal surnames are often combined using y (Spanish) or i (in Catalan), see for example the economist Xavier Sala-i-Martin or painter Salvador Dalí i Domènech. +However, following the successful release of Windows 3.0 , the NT development team decided to rework the project to use an extended 32-bit port of the Windows API known as Win32 instead of those of OS/2. +The edition also contains a weekly "Scottish Focus" feature and Scottish commentary, and covers Scottish sport in addition to providing Scottish television schedules . +Such a trend might derive from U.S. departments of Comparative Literature . +This result was established independently by Alonzo Church and Alan Turing in 1936 and 1937, respectively, giving a negative answer to the Entscheidungsproblem posed by David Hilbert in 1928. +MDCM is from the Latin " Medicinae Doctorem et Chirurgiae Magistrum " meaning "doctor of medicine and master of surgery". +Without the institutions of the Roman empire that had supported its uniformity, medieval Latin lost its linguistic cohesion : for example, in classical Latin sum and eram are used as auxiliary verbs in the perfect and pluperfect passive, which are compound tenses. +The name İstanbul (Turkish pronunciation: [isˈtanbuɫ] (listen), colloquially [ɯsˈtambuɫ]) is commonly held to derive from the Medieval Greek phrase "εἰς τὴν Πόλιν" (pronounced [is tim ˈbolin]), which means "to the city" and is how Constantinople was referred to by the local Greeks. +Nobel Prize–winning economist Friedrich von Hayek emphasized that free markets themselves are decentralized systems where outcomes are produced without explicit agreement or coordination by individuals who use prices as their guide. +Both the 49- and 50-star flags were each flown for the first time ever at Fort McHenry on Independence Day one year apart, 1959 and 1960 respectively. +Its proceedings are similar to those of the United States Supreme Court, with no testimony given by witnesses, and the lawyers of the two sides each present oral arguments no longer than thirty minutes . +Oxford was heavily damaged during the Norman Invasion of 1066. +A further disparity between the values of religious traditions is pointed out by Barbara Stoler Miller, who states that, in Hinduism, "practically, right and wrong are decided according to the categories of social rank, kinship, and stages of life . +In the Visual Basic 6 language, subprograms are termed functions or subs (or methods when associated with a class). +The rate of immigration from Europe grew steeply after the Civil War, and New York became the first stop for millions seeking a new life in the United States, a role acknowledged by the dedication of the Statue of Liberty on October 28, 1886 , a gift from the people of France. +This alphabet has continued to be used over the centuries as the script for the Romance, Celtic, Germanic, Baltic, Finnic, and many Slavic languages (Polish, Slovak, Slovene, Croatian and Czech), and has been adopted by many languages around the world, including Vietnamese , the Austronesian languages, many Turkic languages, and most languages in sub-Saharan Africa, the Americas, and Oceania, making it by far the world's single most widely used writing system. +The colonists replied that their sons had fought and died in a war that served European interests more than their own. +Opening Doors is a publication of the U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness, which worked with all Federal agencies and many state and local stakeholders on its creation and vision, setting a ten-year path for the nation on preventing and ending all types of homelessness. +More recently, Walter Truett Anderson described postmodernism as belonging to one of four typological world views, which he identifies as either (a) Postmodern-ironist, which sees truth as socially constructed, (b) Scientific-rational, in which truth is found through methodical, disciplined inquiry, (c) Social-traditional, in which truth is found in the heritage of American and Western civilization, or (d) Neo-romantic, in which truth is found through attaining harmony with nature and/or spiritual exploration of the inner self . +With Allied air support (Operation Flotsam) and assistance from the Red Army , in the second half of 1944 the Partisans turned their attention to Serbia, which had seen relatively little fighting since the fall of the Republic of Užice in 1941. +In order to be eligible to apply for an MD degree from a UK or Commonwealth University one must hold either an MBBS, MBChB, or an equivalent US-MD degree and must usually have at least five-years of postgraduate experience. +Francis Hopkinson of New Jersey, a naval flag designer, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence, designed the 1777 flag while he was the Chairman of the Continental Navy Board's Middle Department, sometime between his appointment to that position in November 1776 and the time that the flag resolution was adopted in June 1777. +Among Puritan settlers in New England , wives almost never worked in the fields with their husbands. + Rainfall rates downwind of cities are increased between 48% and 116% . +These languages cannot be downloaded through the Download Center, but available as optional updates through the Windows Update service (except Windows 8). +It is argued that freedom from necessity would maximise individual liberty , as individuals would be able to pursue their own interests and develop their own talents while only performing labour by free will without external coercion. +These festivals are held by the Pitt Program Council between the William Pitt Union and the Cathedral of Learning and involve a range of activities, novelties, and bands. +About 600,000 slaves were imported into what is now the U.S., or 5% of the 12 million slaves brought from Africa. +In the saccharolipids, a monosaccharide substitutes for the glycerol backbone present in glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids. +In the case of most acronyms, each letter is an abbreviation of a separate word and, in theory, should get its own termination mark. +The overriding of f: X → Y by g: W → Y (also called overriding union) is an extension of g denoted as (f ⊕ g): (X ∪ W) → Y. Its graph is the set-theoretical union of the graphs of g and f|X \ W. Thus, it relates any element of the domain of g to its image under g, and any other element of the domain of f to its image under f. Overriding is an associative operation ; it has the empty function as an identity element. + The result is that a population can significantly more-rapidly increase its size than would otherwise be the case, resources permitting. +Historian John Thornton noted, "A number of technical and geographical factors combined to make Europeans the most likely people to explore the Atlantic and develop its commerce". +Drum and bass is usually between 160–180 BPM, in contrast to other breakbeat-based dance styles such as nu skool breaks, which maintain a slower pace at around 130–140 BPM . +Smaller drops are called cloud droplets , and their shape is spherical. +The nation's largest newspaper by circulation, The Wall Street Journal , is also based there. +For example, between 1 January and 15 October 1944, according to statistics compiled by the US Air Force Air Crew Rescue Unit, 1,152 American airmen were airlifted from Yugoslavia, 795 with Partisan assistance and 356 with the help of the Chetniks. +The system is now used in every NHL game, at IIHF World Championships, the Olympics and in many professional and high-level amateur leagues in North America and Europe. +While fewer than 1% of British men could vote, a majority of white American men were eligible. +Once agriculture started gaining momentum, human activity resulted in the selective breeding of cereal grasses (beginning with emmer, einkorn and barley), and not simply of those that would favour greater caloric returns through larger seeds. +Among Puritan settlers in New England, wives almost never worked in the fields with their husbands. +This is the case in Hungary , parts of Romania, Bavaria, Austria, South India, Sri Lanka, Madagascar and countries in the East Asian cultural sphere including Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam and China. +An additional rule that has never been a penalty, but was an infraction in the NHL before recent rules changes, is the " two-line offside pass ." +For instance, Spanish ex-premier José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero has José Luis as his given name, Rodríguez, as his first (i.e. paternal) surname, and Zapatero as his second (i.e. maternal) surname. +In most Marxist–Leninist states this has taken the form of directly electing representatives to fill positions, though in some states; such as China, Cuba, and the former Yugoslavia ; this system also included indirect elections such as deputies being elected by deputies as the next lower level of government. +While meditating in the old capital city of Vagharshapat, Gregory had a vision of Christ's coming to the earth to strike it with a hammer . +As Bonomi (1971) shows, the most distinctive feature of colonial society was the vibrant political culture , which attracted the most talented and ambitious young men into politics. +Constantinople jostled with other major historical cities, such as Baghdad , Chang'an, Kaifeng and Merv for the position of world's most populous city until the 12th century. +Maoist rebels in Nepal engaged in a civil war from 1996 to 2006 that managed to topple the monarchy there and create a republic. +The flag is customarily flown year-round at most public buildings, and it is not unusual to find private houses flying full-size (3 by 5 feet (0.91 by 1.52 m)) flags. +New York was the first capital under the newly enacted Constitution of the United States, from March 4, 1789, to August 12, 1790, at Federal Hall . +The compactness theorem states that a set of first-order sentences has a model if and only if every finite subset of it has a model. +New businesses account for about one-fifth of new jobs added. +Disease onset is typically seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women. +But towards the turn of the millennium its popularity was deemed to have dwindled as the UK garage style known as speed garage yielded several hit singles. +Authors Bittle & Johnson of Public agenda explained the pros and cons of 14 job creation arguments frequently discussed, several of which are summarized below by topic. +Using the Canary Islands as a naval base , European, at the time primarily Portuguese traders, began to move their activities down the western coast of Africa, performing raids in which slaves would be captured to be later sold in the Mediterranean. + She went on to point out that there are a disproportionate number of women who are nurses, and that denying admission to men "lends credibility to the old view that women, not men, should become nurses, and makes the assumption that nursing is a field for women a self-fulfilling prophecy". +In addition, they developed resistances to infectious disease, such as smallpox , due to their close relationship with domesticated animals. +From 1920– 1933 , Prohibition helped create a thriving black market in liquor, upon which the Mafia was quick to capitalize. +Monin and Miller (2001) examined the moral self-licensing effect and found that when participants established credentials as non-prejudiced persons, they were more willing to express politically incorrect opinions despite the fact that the audience was unaware of their credentials. +Chetnik attacks on Gala, near Split, resulted in the slaughter of some 200 Croatian civilians . +In the light of political changes and developments in international environmental and maritime law , a new convention was signed in 1992 by all the states bordering on the Baltic Sea, and the European Community. +For example, universal prescriptivism is a universalist form of non-cognitivism which claims that morality is derived from reasoning about implied imperatives , and divine command theory and ideal observer theory are universalist forms of ethical subjectivism which claim that morality is derived from the edicts of a god or the hypothetical decrees of a perfectly rational being, respectively. +Under its new owner, The Sunday Times notched up several firsts: a wood engraving it published of the coronation of Queen Victoria in 1838 was the largest illustration to have appeared in a British newspaper; in 1841, it became one of the first papers to serialise a novel : William Harrison Ainsworth's Old St Paul's. +A fight will also break out if one of the team's skilled players gets hit hard or someone gets hit by what the team perceives as a dirty hit. +For President Obama, between February 2009 and December 2015, the private sector added a total of 10 million jobs. +The 2000s, however, saw a new population of those experiencing homelessness: families with children . +However, Republicans were not able to gain control of the Senate, continuing their minority status with a net loss of 2 seats . + Another approximation is from a study done by the National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty , which states that approximately 3.5 million people, 1.35 million of them children, are likely to experience homelessness in a given year (National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty, 2007). +This may be because when a new dynasty took power in Vietnam it was custom to adopt that dynasty's surname . +A very small number of slots per semester are reserved for selected applicants which already hold a university degree (Zweitstudium) and for medical officer candidates (Sanitätsoffizieranwärter). +The players did not accept the owners offer, causing the 2004-2005 NHL season to be cancelled or "Locked Out." After this lockout, the owners ultimately won the battle for a salary cap, and the league resumed play in the 2005-2006 season. +In recent years the operational definition of insurance presented at the beginning of this article proved inadequate as a result of contracts that had the form but not the substance of insurance. +Exercise in those who are at high risk of heart disease has not been well studied as of 2014. +The physical sciences underlying structural engineering began to be understood in the Renaissance and have since developed into computer-based applications pioneered in the 1970s . +The most widespread system in use today is the "three-man system," that uses one referee and two linesmen . +The earliest computers and microprocessors, such as the Small-Scale Experimental Machine and the RCA 1802 , did not have a single subroutine call instruction. +The two biggest events each year are the Pitt Dance Marathon and Greek Sing. +The states are divided into smaller administrative regions, called counties in all but two states. +In the simplest case, the offending player is sent to the " penalty box " and their team has to play with one fewer player on the ice for a designated amount of time. +The state is divided into 169 towns , which serve as the fundamental political jurisdictions. +By the middle of the 18th century, New England's way of life was threatened by overpopulation, going from about 100,000 people in 1700 to 250,000 in 1725 and 375,000 in 1750 thanks to high birth rates and relatively high overall life expectancy (a 15-year-old boy in 1700 could expect to live to about 63 ) +Much of the transportation of passengers is done via aircraft . +Specifically, the colors are "White", "Old Glory Red", and "Old Glory Blue" . +The United States Interagency Council on Homelessness (USICH),a federal agency contained in the Executive Branch, was established in 19 87 as a requirement of the McKinney-Vento Act of 1987. +The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey. +In 1960 the Food and Drug Administration approved the combined oral contraceptive pill, which was made available in 1961. +It won the European Cup (current Champions league) as the first Dutch club in 1970, and won the World Cup for club teams in the same year. +The major international music labels such as Sony Music and Universal have shown very little interest in the drum and bass scene though there have been a few signings, most recently Pendulum's In Silico LP to Warner. +The earliest bronze objects had a tin or arsenic content of less than 2% and are therefore believed to be the result of unintentional alloying due to trace metal content in the copper ore. +The most recent change, from 49 stars to 50, occurred in 1960 when the present design was chosen, after Hawaii gained statehood in August 1959. +IR works best in cases of deep, vigorous convection—such as the tropics—and becomes progressively less useful in areas where stratiform (layered) precipitation dominates, especially in mid- and high-latitude regions. The more-direct physical connection between hydrometeors and microwave channels gives the microwave estimates greater skill on short time and space scales than is true for IR. +Authors Bittle & Johnson of Public agenda explained the pros and cons of 14 job creation arguments frequently discussed, several of which are summarized below by topic. +The mixed halide-alkyls , which are more common and more important commercially than the tetraorgano derivatives, are prepared by redistribution reactions: +By the late 17th century, Virginia's export economy was largely based on tobacco, and new, richer settlers came in to take up large portions of land, build large plantations and import indentured servants and slaves. +The most common European name in this category may be the Irish name "Ryan", which means little king in Irish Gaelic. +Linguist David Wilton in Word Myths: +At its peak during World War II, the Yugoslav Partisans' Navy commanded 9 or 10 armed ships, 30 patrol boats, close to 200 support ships, six coastal batteries, and several Partisan detachments on the islands, around 3,000 men .[citation needed] On 26 October 1943, it was organized first into four, and later into six, Maritime Coastal Sectors (Pomorsko Obalni Sektor, POS). +Whereas first-wave feminism focused mainly on suffrage and overturning legal obstacles to gender equality (e.g.., voting rights, property rights ), second-wave feminism broadened the debate to a wide range of issues: sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive rights, de facto inequalities, and official legal inequalities. +In English, although the usual order of names is "first middle last" for the purpose of cataloging in libraries and in citing the names of authors in scholarly papers, the order is changed to "last, first middle," with the last and first names separated by a comma, and items are alphabetized by the last name. +This custom comes from a convention of algebra, which uses letters near the end of the alphabet for unknown values (such as were the coordinates of points in many geometric problems), and letters near the beginning for given quantities . +With an even number of Senators retiring at an election, it takes 57% of the vote to win 4 out of 6 seats, which may be insurmountable. + Drum and bass shares many musical characteristics with hip-hop, though it is nowadays mostly stripped of lyrics . +English sentences like "everyone loves someone" can be formalized by first-order logic formulas like ∀x∃y L(x,y). +After the final recount the result was duly declared which changed the last two predicted WA Senate spots from Palmer and Labor back to Sports and Green. +Particulate matter has been studied for its short- and long-term exposure effects on cardiovascular disease. +Slovenia was during WWII in a unique situation in Europe, only Greece shared its experience of being trisected, however, Slovenia was the only one that experienced a further step — absorption and annexation into neighboring Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Hungary. As the very existence of the Slovene nation was threatened, the Slovene support for the Partisan movement was much more solid than in Croatia or Serbia. +In 1995 , the Istanbul Stock Exchange (now Borsa Istanbul) moved to its current building in the İstinye quarter of the Sarıyer district. +While state governments within the United States may enact their own laws and prosecute crimes pursuant thereto, they are not sovereign in the Westphalian sense in international law which says that each State has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs, to the exclusion of all external powers, on the principle of non-interference in another State's domestic affairs, and that each State (no matter how large or small) is equal in international law. + A third alternate qualification is DNB (superspecialties) , offered by National Board of Examinations, like DNB in Cardiology, Neurology, Cardiac Surgery, Neurosurgery. +Early 19th-century paintings depict shinney (or "shinny"), an early form of hockey with no standard rules which was played in Nova Scotia.[citation needed] Many of these early games absorbed the physical aggression of what the Mi'kmaq in Nova Scotia called dehuntshigwa'es (lacrosse). +However, the buffer stockpile was not sufficiently large, and during most of those 29 years tin prices rose, sometimes sharply, especially from 1973 through 1980 when rampant inflation plagued many world economies. +These questions include how signals are processed by neurites – thin extensions from a neuronal cell body , consisting of dendrites (specialized to receive synaptic inputs from other neurons) and axons (specialized to conduct nerve impulses called action potentials) – and somas (the cell bodies of the neurons containing the nucleus), and how neurotransmitters and electrical signals are used to process information in a neuron. +This includes a helmet (cage worn if certain age or clear plastic visor can be worn), shoulder pads, elbow pads, mouth guard, protective gloves, heavily padded shorts (also known as hockey pants) or a girdle, athletic cup (also known as a jock, for males; and jill , for females), shin pads, skates, and (optionally) a neck protector. +On 28 September 1958 the paper launched a separate Review section, becoming the first newspaper to publish two sections regularly . +In Vermont , Jim Jeffords, a Republican Senator became an independent in 2001 due to growing disagreement with President Bush and the party leadership. +Heavy rainfall caused the Connecticut River to flood downtown Hartford and East Hartford. +Novelists who are commonly connected with postmodern literature include Vladimir Nabokov, William Gaddis, Umberto Eco, John Hawkes, William Burroughs, Giannina Braschi, Kurt Vonnegut, John Barth, Jean Rhys, Donald Barthelme, E.L. Doctorow, Richard Kalich, Jerzy Kosinski, Don DeLillo, Thomas Pynchon (Pynchon's work has also been described as "high modern" ), Ishmael Reed, Kathy Acker, Ana Lydia Vega, Jachym Topol and Paul Auster. + That agreement takes the form of an insurance policy . +The phrase a New York minute is meant to convey a very short time , sometimes in hyperbolic form, as in "perhaps faster than you would believe is possible". +In the Köppen–Geiger classification system, Istanbul has a borderline Mediterranean climate (Csa), humid subtropical climate (Cfa) and oceanic climate (Cfb), due to its location in a transitional climatic zone . +There are 148 subway stations in Manhattan and four under construction, out of the 472 stations. +The output of a function f corresponding to an input x is denoted by f(x) (read "f of x"). +The German invasion of the Soviet Union resulted in the substantial realignment of multiple Soviet policies. +Once the x- and y-axes are specified, they determine the line along which the z-axis should lie, but there are two possible directions on this line. +As cash crop producers, Chesapeake plantations were heavily dependent on trade with England . +It holds that the lowest or least centralized authority which is capable of addressing an issue effectively should do so. +On 2 October 2012, The Sunday Times launched Sunday Times Driving , a separate classified advertising site for premium vehicles that also includes editorial content from the newspaper as well as specially commissioned articles. +The normal pH value ranges from 5.4 to 6.8 . +.Subroutines could be implemented, but they required programmers to use the call sequence —a series of instructions—at each call site. +Second-wave feminism also drew attention to domestic violence and marital rape issues, establishment of rape crisis and battered women's shelters, and changes in custody and divorce law. Its major effort was the attempted passage of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the United States Constitution, in which they were defeated by anti-feminists led by Phyllis Schlafly, who argued as an anti-ERA view that the ERA meant women would be drafted into the military. +Many of the political structures of the colonies drew upon the republicanism expressed by opposition leaders in Britain, most notably the Commonwealth men and the Whig traditions. +Unlike the Second Great Awakening that began about 1800 and which reached out to the unchurched , the First Great Awakening focused on people who were already church members. +One family member's relationship to another can often be identified by the various combinations and permutations of surnames. +The 1777 resolution was most probably meant to define a naval ensign . +North American medical schools switched to the tradition of the ancient universities of Scotland and began granting the MD title rather than the MB beginning in the late 18th century. +Istanbul's persistently high humidity reaches 80 percent most mornings . +(This is especially important in the print medium, where no search utility is available.) +Those studying the goals and processes of implementing decentralization often use a systems theory approach. +In modern mathematics, a function is defined by its set of inputs, called the domain ; a set containing the set of outputs, and possibly additional elements, as members, called its codomain; and the set of all input-output pairs, called its graph. +On 28 September 1958 the paper launched a separate Review section, becoming the first newspaper to publish two sections regularly. +Latin translations of modern literature such as The Hobbit, Treasure Island, Robinson Crusoe, Paddington Bear, Winnie the Pooh, The Adventures of Tintin, Asterix, Harry Potter, Walter the Farting Dog, Le Petit Prince, Max und Moritz, How the Grinch Stole Christmas!, +Advocacy planning and participatory models of planning emerged in the 1960s to counter these traditional elitist and technocratic approaches to urban planning (Irving 1993; Hatuka & D'Hooghe 2007). +Only 28 percent of the city's residents are originally from Istanbul. +Sometimes the drop is used to switch between tracks, layering components of different tracks, though as the two records may be simply ambient breakdowns at this point, though some DJs prefer to combine breakbeats, a more difficult exercise. +In these devices lenses are sometimes paired up with curved mirrors to make a catadioptric system where the lens's spherical aberration corrects the opposite aberration in the mirror (such as Schmidt and meniscus correctors). +Shells derive their strength from their form , and carry forces in compression in two directions. +To the east, the Andes range is bounded by several sedimentary basins, such as Orinoco, Amazon Basin, Madre de Dios and Gran Chaco, that separate the Andes from the ancient cratons in eastern South America. +The NYSE MKT (formerly the American Stock Exchange, AMEX), New York Board of Trade, and the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) are also located downtown. +A predicate takes an entity or entities in the domain of discourse as input and outputs either True or False. Consider the two sentences "Socrates is a philosopher" and "Plato is a philosopher". +Statins are effective in preventing further cardiovascular disease in people with a history of cardiovascular disease . +For an example of a function, let X be the set consisting of four shapes: a red triangle, a yellow rectangle, a green hexagon, and a red square ; and let Y be the set consisting of five colors: red, blue, green, pink, and yellow. +This led to the invention of the compound achromatic lens by Chester Moore Hall in England in 1733, an invention also claimed by fellow Englishman John Dollond in a 1758 patent. +Fundamental results of computability theory show that there are functions that can be precisely defined but are not computable. +With peace in Europe from 1815, and British supremacy at sea secured, the Royal Navy turned its attention back to the challenge and established the West Africa Squadron in 1808, known as the "preventative squadron", which for the next 50 years operated against the slavers. +In the United States, 1,712 surnames cover 50% of the population, and about 1% of the population has the surname Smith, which is also the most frequent English name and an occupational name ("metal worker"), a contraction, for instance, of blacksmith or iron smith, among others. +In the early part of the war Partisan forces were predominantly composed of Serbs and given to the persecution of Muslims (e.g. the slaughter of Muslim women and children in April 1942 in Herzegovina). +The Department of Labor's Employment and Training Administration (ETA) prepares an annual report on those petitioning for trade adjustment assistance, due to jobs lost from international trade. +A small group of critics has put forth a range of theories that aim to describe culture or society in the alleged aftermath of postmodernism, most notably Raoul Eshelman (performatism), Gilles Lipovetsky (hypermodernity), Nicolas Bourriaud (altermodern), and Alan Kirby (digimodernism, formerly called pseudo-modernism). +The Russian-American Company was formed in 1799 with the influence of Nikolay Rezanov for the purpose of buying sea otters for their fur from native hunters. +Hürriyet's English-language edition, The Hürriyet Daily News, has been printed since 1961 , but the English-language Today's Zaman, first published by Zaman in 2007, has overtaken it in circulation. +The common prefixes "Ó" and "Mac" can be spelled with the prefix as a separate word, yielding "Ó Briain" or "Mac Millan" as well as the anglicized "O'Brien" and "MacMillan" or "Macmillan." +One key result of the multi-satellite studies is that including even a small amount of surface gauge data is very useful for controlling the biases that are endemic to satellite estimates. The difficulties in using gauge data are that 1) their availability is limited, as noted above, and 2) the best analyses of gauge data take two months or more after the observation time to undergo the necessary transmission, assembly, processing and quality control. +This tradition may come from the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, where countries were asked to dip their flag to King Edward VII: the American flag bearer did not. +Oyster harvesting was historically an important source of income to towns along the Connecticut coastline. +Restrictions such as these are useful as a technique to reduce the number of inference rules or axiom schemas in deductive systems, which leads to shorter proofs of metalogical results. +Many Japanese surnames derive from geographical features ; for example, Ishikawa (石川) means "stone river", Yamamoto (山本) means "the base of the mountain", and Inoue (井上) means "above the well." +The most recent change, from 49 stars to 50, occurred in 1960 when the present design was chosen, after Hawaii gained statehood in August 1959 . +The simple isoprenoids ( linear alcohols, diphosphates, etc. ) are formed by the successive addition of C5 units, and are classified according to number of these terpene units. + One lasting influence of the avant-garde movement has been the exploration of non-western ethnic sounds on the saxophone , for example, the Africanized sounds used by Pharoah Sanders. +Senator John McCain has also previously proposed laws regulating carbon emissions , such as the McCain-Lieberman Climate Stewardship Act, + In her diary, Steinem alleged the club was mistreating its waitresses in order to gain male customers and exploited the Playboy Bunnies as symbols of male chauvinism, noting that the club's manual instructed the Bunnies that "there are many pleasing ways they can employ to stimulate the club's liquor volume." +For the purpose of reducing waste and increasing efficiency, scientific planning replaces market mechanisms and price mechanisms as the guiding principle of the economy. +There are systems weaker than full first -order logic for which the logical consequence relation is decidable. +Most importantly, the experience of this revolution caused Lenin to conceive of the means of sponsoring communist revolution , through propaganda, agitation, a well-organised and disciplined but small political party, and through manipulation of aroused masses. +a four-minute double-minor penalty, particularly those that injure the victimized player. +The practical development and experimentation with lenses led to the invention of the compound optical microscope around 1595, and the refracting telescope in 1608 , both of which appeared in the spectacle-making centres in the Netherlands. +Bhagyachandra and his successors issued coins engraved with "Manipureshwar", or "lord of Manipur", and the British discarded the name Meckley. Later on, the work Dharani Samhita (1825–34) popularised the Sanskrit legends of the origin of Manipur's name. +The 14 acres (5.7 ha) Frick Acres property in Oakland was soon purchased and plans for the campus shifted focus from the hillside to a neo-Gothic Revival plan that today comprises the Cathedral of Learning, Heinz Memorial Chapel, Stephen Foster Memorial, and Clapp Hall buildings. +Further, Gallup reported that: "Americans consistently say that jobs and the economy are the most important problems facing the country, with 26% citing jobs specifically as the nation's most important problem in March. +During the revolution, Lenin advocated mass action and that the revolution "accept mass terror in its tactics" . +It remained quite windy and open until the city councils from the 1980s on began developing an active architectural policy. +If recursion is supported, a subprogram may even call itself , causing its execution to suspend while another nested execution of the same subprogram occurs. +These are in turn arranged in three periods: the autumn sittings, from February to April; the winter sittings, which commence with the delivery of the budget in the House of Representatives on the first sitting day of May and run through to June or July; and the spring sittings, which commence around August and continue until December, and which typically contain the largest number of the year's sitting days. +Approximately 505,000 cubic kilometres (121,000 cu mi) of water falls as precipitation each year; 398,000 cubic kilometres (95,000 cu mi) of it over the oceans and 107,000 cubic kilometres (26,000 cu mi) over land. +where .....i..=...(....1.....0....).....{\displaystyle \mathbf {i} ={\begin{pmatrix}1\\0\end{pmatrix}}}.., and .....j..=...(....0.....1....).....{\displaystyle \mathbf {j} ={\begin{pmatrix}0\\1\end{pmatrix}}}.. are unit vectors in the direction of the x-axis and y-axis respectively, generally referred to as the standard basis (in some application areas these may also be referred to as versors). +During the Russian Revolution, anarchists such as Nestor Makhno worked to create and defend—through the Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine—anarchist communism in the Free Territory of Ukraine from 1919 before being conquered by the Bolsheviks in 1921. +In the following centuries, and especially after the Tanzimat reforms , Ottoman architecture was supplanted by European styles. +By the middle of the 18th century, New England's way of life was threatened by overpopulation, going from about 100,000 people in 1700 to 250,000 in 1725 and 375,000 in 1750 thanks to high birth rates and relatively high overall life expectancy (a 15-year-old boy in 1700 could expect to live to about 63 ) +In an informal competition run by the magazine New Scientist, a fully documented specimen was discovered that may be the most deeply nested of all: RARS is the "Regional ATOVS Retransmission Service", ATOVS is "Advanced TOVS", TOVS is "TIROS operational vertical sounder" and TIROS is "Television infrared observational satellite". +Men of the survey, including William H. Brewer, Charles F. Hoffmann and Clarence King , explored the backcountry of what would become Yosemite National Park in 1863. +Thus figures in the foreground are sculpted in high-relief , those in the background in low-relief. +One introduces into the single-sorted theory a unary predicate symbol for each sort in the many-sorted theory, and adds an axiom saying that these unary predicates partition the domain of discourse . +Cotton Mather, a Boston minister published Magnalia Christi Americana (The Great Works of Christ in America, 1702), while revivalist Jonathan Edwards wrote his philosophical work, +It does not connote objective claims of right or wrong, but only refers to that which is considered right or wrong . +In south India , where use of two names is by no means universal, surname is placed before personal name and in most cases it is only shown as an initial (for example 'S.' for Suryapeth).[citation needed] +The settlers were Puritans from Massachusetts, led by Thomas Hooker . +In 2000, presidential candidate Al Gore chose as his running mate Senator Joe Lieberman, marking the first time a major party presidential ticket included someone of the Jewish faith. +In contrast, the report estimated the cost of permanent supportive housing at "$10,051 per person per year" and concluded that "[h]ousing even half of the region's chronically homeless population would save taxpayers $149 million during the next decade — even allowing for 10 percent to end up back on the streets again." +Since 1995, Pitt undergraduates have also won six Marshall Scholarships, five Truman Scholarships, seven Udall Scholarships, a Churchill Scholarship, a Gates Cambridge Scholarship, 43 Goldwater Scholarships, 23 Boren Scholarships, and three Mellon Humanities Fellowships. +After the recapture of Constantinople in 1261 , the Byzantines enlarged two of the most important churches extant, Chora Church and Pammakaristos Church. +Each state decides whether to pass each NAIC model law or regulation , and each state may make changes in the enactment process, but the models are widely, albeit somewhat irregularly, adopted. +Illustrating the routes to such compounds, chlorine reacts with tin metal to give SnCl4 whereas the reaction of hydrochloric acid and tin gives SnCl2 and hydrogen gas. +Now officials have said that this number has risen over the past few years. +After the meeting, a handful of women formed Seattle's first women's liberation group . + Since Cartesian coordinates are unique and non-ambiguous, the points of a Cartesian plane can be identified with pairs of real numbers ; that is with the Cartesian product ......R...2...=..R..×..R....{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{2}=\mathbb {R} \times \mathbb {R} }.., where .....R....{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }.. is the set of all reals. +Bronze is mostly copper (12% tin), while addition of phosphorus gives phosphor bronze . +For example, between 1 January and 15 October 1944, according to statistics compiled by the US Air Force Air Crew Rescue Unit, 1,152 American airmen were airlifted from Yugoslavia, 795 with Partisan assistance and 356 with the help of the Chetniks. +Tulihal Airport, Changangei, Imphal, the only airport of Manipur, connects directly with Delhi, Kolkata, Guwahati, and Agartala. +However, the review was criticized in particular for not excluding a trial in heart failure where people had low-salt and -water levels due to diuretics. When this study is left out, the rest of the trials show a trend to benefit. +Chiltern Railways now connects Oxford to London Marylebone, having sponsored the building of about 400 metres of new track between Bicester Town and the Chiltern Main Line southwards in 2014. +According to the D.C. Department of Human Services, during the winter of 2012 the city spent $2,544,454 on putting homeless families in hotels, and budgeted $3.2 million on hotel beds in 2013. +In English, although the usual order of names is "first middle last" for the purpose of cataloging in libraries and in citing the names of authors in scholarly papers, the order is changed to " last, first middle," with the last and first names separated by a comma, and items are alphabetized by the last name. +Hoa Kỳ (" Flower Flag "). +The Walker party probably visited either the Tuolumne or Merced Groves of Giant Sequoia, becoming the first non-indigenous people to see the giant trees, but journals relating to the Walker party were destroyed in 1839, in a print shop fire in Philadelphia . +Although the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development in January 2012 annual point-in-time count found that 633,782 people across the United States were homeless, other counts vary widely. \ No newline at end of file