Question: What world did Pugin dislike?

Answer: modern, industrial world

<hl> In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world , which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. <hl> Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture."

In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the <hl> modern, industrial world <hl>, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture."

In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the <hl> modern, industrial world <hl> , which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world.

question: What world did Pugin dislike?, context: In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture."


Question: What type of architecture did Pugin consider truly Christian?

Answer: Gothic

In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. <hl> Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture." <hl>

In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. <hl> Gothic <hl> architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture."

question: What type of architecture did Pugin consider truly Christian?, context: In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture."


Question: Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture?

Answer: John Ruskin

<hl> The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin , in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. <hl> Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, and pleasure".

The 19th-century English art critic, <hl> John Ruskin <hl>, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, and pleasure".

The 19th-century English art critic, <hl> John Ruskin <hl> , in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture.

question: Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture?, context: The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, and pleasure".


Question: Who was the author of Seven Lamps of Architecture?

Answer: John Ruskin

<hl> The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin , in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. <hl> Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, and pleasure".

The 19th-century English art critic, <hl> John Ruskin <hl>, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, and pleasure".

The 19th-century English art critic, <hl> John Ruskin <hl> , in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture.

question: Who was the author of Seven Lamps of Architecture?, context: The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, and pleasure".


Question: What was Ruskin's career?

Answer: art critic

<hl> The 19th-century English art critic , John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. <hl> Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, and pleasure".

The 19th-century English <hl> art critic <hl>, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, and pleasure".

The 19th-century English <hl> art critic <hl> , John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture.

question: What was Ruskin's career?, context: The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, and pleasure".


Question: When was Seven Lamps of Architecture published?

Answer: 1849

<hl> The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849 , was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. <hl> Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, and pleasure".

The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published <hl> 1849 <hl>, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, and pleasure".

The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published <hl> 1849 <hl> , was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture.

question: When was Seven Lamps of Architecture published?, context: The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, and pleasure".


Question: What, according to Ruskin, should looking at architecture contribute to its viewer?

Answer: to his mental health, power, and pleasure

The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. <hl> Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes " to his mental health, power, and pleasure ". <hl>

The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "<hl> to his mental health, power, and pleasure <hl>".

Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes " <hl> to his mental health, power, and pleasure <hl> ".

question: What, according to Ruskin, should looking at architecture contribute to its viewer?, context: The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, and pleasure".


Question: Does Ruskin believe all buildings are works of architecture?

Answer: not

For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. <hl> His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". <hl> For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least.

For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is <hl> not <hl> truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least.

question: Does Ruskin believe all buildings are works of architecture?, context: For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least.


Question: What was most significant in architecture according to Ruskin?

Answer: the aesthetic

<hl> For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. <hl> His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least.

For Ruskin, <hl> the aesthetic <hl> was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least.

question: What was most significant in architecture according to Ruskin?, context: For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least.


Question: To be true architecture in Ruskin's opinion what should be done to a structure?

Answer: it is in some way "adorned"

For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. <hl> His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned" . <hl> For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least.

For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless <hl> it is in some way "adorned" <hl>. For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least.

His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless <hl> it is in some way "adorned" <hl> .

question: To be true architecture in Ruskin's opinion what should be done to a structure?, context: For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least.


Question: What features at minimum did Ruskin insist on for a building to be considered functional?

Answer: string courses or rustication

For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". <hl> For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication , at the very least. <hl>

For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed <hl> string courses or rustication <hl>, at the very least.

For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed <hl> string courses or rustication <hl> , at the very least.

question: What features at minimum did Ruskin insist on for a building to be considered functional?, context: For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least.


Question: What century was the architect Le Corbusier in?

Answer: 20th-century

<hl> On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. <hl> Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".

On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned <hl> 20th-century <hl> architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".

question: What century was the architect Le Corbusier in?, context: On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".


Question: Who wrote on the topic of architectural ideals contrasted with simple construction?

Answer: Le Corbusier

<hl> On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. <hl> Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".

On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect <hl> Le Corbusier <hl> wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".

question: Who wrote on the topic of architectural ideals contrasted with simple construction?, context: On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".


Question: What was Le Corbusier 's profession?

Answer: Architect

That is Architect ure".

On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. <hl> That is Architect ure". <hl>

On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is <hl> Architect <hl>ure".

question: What was Le Corbusier 's profession?, context: On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".


Question: When did Le Corbusier live and write?

Answer: 20th-century

<hl> On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. <hl> Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".

On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned <hl> 20th-century <hl> architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".

question: When did Le Corbusier live and write?, context: On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".


Question: What part of him did Le Corbusier say proper architecture touched?

Answer: heart

On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. <hl> But suddenly you touch my heart , you do me good. <hl> I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".

On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my <hl> heart <hl>, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".

But suddenly you touch my <hl> heart <hl> , you do me good.

question: What part of him did Le Corbusier say proper architecture touched?, context: On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".


Question: What state of emotion did Le Corbusier say architecture put him in?

Answer: I am happy

On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. <hl> I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. <hl> That is Architecture".

On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. <hl> I am happy <hl> and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".

question: What state of emotion did Le Corbusier say architecture put him in?, context: On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".


Question: What term replaced Vitruvius' term "utility"?

Answer: Function

<hl> While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". " Function " came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural. <hl>

While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "<hl> Function <hl>" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural.

While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". " <hl> Function <hl> " came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural.

question: What term replaced Vitruvius' term "utility"?, context: While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural.


Question: In addition to being practically useful what other aspects did a building need in order to be considered functional?

Answer: aesthetic, psychological and cultural

While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". <hl> "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural . <hl>

While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also <hl> aesthetic, psychological and cultural <hl>.

"Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also <hl> aesthetic, psychological and cultural <hl> .

question: In addition to being practically useful what other aspects did a building need in order to be considered functional?, context: While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural.


Question: Whose concept of utility did the more modern concept of function replace?

Answer: Vitruvius

<hl> While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius ' "utility". <hl> "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural.

While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of <hl> Vitruvius <hl>' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural.

While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of <hl> Vitruvius <hl> ' "utility".

question: Whose concept of utility did the more modern concept of function replace?, context: While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural.


Question: What aspects of a building were considered part of the larger concept of function?

Answer: all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building

While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". <hl> "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building , not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural. <hl>

While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing <hl> all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building <hl>, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural.

"Function" came to be seen as encompassing <hl> all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building <hl> , not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural.

question: What aspects of a building were considered part of the larger concept of function?, context: While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural.


Question: What were the reactions to the idea that function should come before other concerns?

Answer: both popularity and skepticism

<hl> While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism , it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". <hl> "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural.

While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with <hl> both popularity and skepticism <hl>, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural.

While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with <hl> both popularity and skepticism <hl> , it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility".

question: What were the reactions to the idea that function should come before other concerns?, context: While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural.


Question: What are some philosophies that modern architects use?

Answer: rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.

<hl> Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology. <hl>

Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are <hl> rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology. <hl>

question: What are some philosophies that modern architects use?, context: Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.


Question: Rationalism and empiricism are examples of what?

Answer: philosophies

<hl> Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology. <hl>

Among the <hl> philosophies <hl> that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.

question: Rationalism and empiricism are examples of what?, context: Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.


Question: Aside from the architects what did the philosophies influence?

Answer: their approach to building design

<hl> Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology. <hl>

Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and <hl> their approach to building design <hl> are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.

question: Aside from the architects what did the philosophies influence?, context: Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.


Question: Which philosophy followed structuralism?

Answer: poststructuralism

<hl> Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism , and phenomenology. <hl>

Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, <hl> poststructuralism <hl>, and phenomenology.

Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, <hl> poststructuralism <hl> , and phenomenology.

question: Which philosophy followed structuralism?, context: Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.


Question: When was the conecept, Sustainable architecture used?

Answer: late 20th century

<hl> In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. <hl> To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting.

In the <hl> late 20th century <hl> a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting.

question: When was the conecept, Sustainable architecture used?, context: In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting.


Question: What novel concept was introduced at the end of the 20th century?

Answer: sustainability

<hl> In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability , hence sustainable architecture. <hl> To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting.

In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of <hl> sustainability <hl>, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting.

In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of <hl> sustainability <hl> , hence sustainable architecture.

question: What novel concept was introduced at the end of the 20th century?, context: In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting.


Question: To what should a building be friendly?

Answer: environment

In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. <hl> To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environment ally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting. <hl>

In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is <hl> environment <hl>ally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting.

To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is <hl> environment <hl> ally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting.

question: To what should a building be friendly?, context: In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting.


Question: What sort of power sources should a building not overuse if the building is to be considered environmentally friendly?

Answer: non-sustainable power sources

In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. <hl> To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting. <hl>

In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon <hl> non-sustainable power sources <hl> for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting.

question: What sort of power sources should a building not overuse if the building is to be considered environmentally friendly?, context: In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting.


Question: What dynamic needs were the reason for building to be done?

Answer: shelter, security, worship

<hl> Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs ( shelter, security, worship , etc.) <hl> and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft.

Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (<hl> shelter, security, worship <hl>, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft.

Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs ( <hl> shelter, security, worship <hl> , etc.)

question: What dynamic needs were the reason for building to be done?, context: Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft.


Question: Oral traditions allowed what to become formalized in human cultures?

Answer: knowledge

Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). <hl> As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft. <hl>

Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and <hl> knowledge <hl> began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft.

question: Oral traditions allowed what to become formalized in human cultures?, context: Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft.


Question: What was building considered?

Answer: a craft

Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). <hl> As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft , and "architecture" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft. <hl>

Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became <hl> a craft <hl>, and "architecture" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft.

As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became <hl> a craft <hl> , and "architecture" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft.

question: What was building considered?, context: Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft.


Question: What was the most valued type of building craft called?

Answer: architecture

Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). <hl> As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and " architecture " is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft. <hl>

Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "<hl> architecture <hl>" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft.

As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and " <hl> architecture <hl> " is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft.

question: What was the most valued type of building craft called?, context: Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft.


Question: Aside from skills, what is required in order to have the means for building?

Answer: building materials

<hl> Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). <hl> As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft.

Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available <hl> building materials <hl> and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft.

question: Aside from skills, what is required in order to have the means for building?, context: Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft.


Question: What type of buildings are are built mostly through out the world?

Answer: vernacular buildings

It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. <hl> Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. <hl> Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.

It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, <hl> vernacular buildings <hl> make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.

question: What type of buildings are are built mostly through out the world?, context: It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.


Question: Why did the economy begin to expand?

Answer: a surplus in production

It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. <hl> Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan. <hl>

It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to <hl> a surplus in production <hl> the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.

question: Why did the economy begin to expand?, context: It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.


Question: Through what process is it thought that the first architectural achievements were made?

Answer: trial and error

<hl> It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error , with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. <hl> What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.

It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of <hl> trial and error <hl>, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.

It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of <hl> trial and error <hl> , with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory.

question: Through what process is it thought that the first architectural achievements were made?, context: It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.


Question: What is a popular type of architecture that still exists around the planet?

Answer: vernacular

It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. <hl> What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. <hl> Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.

It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed <hl> vernacular <hl> architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.

question: What is a popular type of architecture that still exists around the planet?, context: It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.


Question: In what environment were many of the first human settlements?

Answer: rural

It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. <hl> Early human settlements were mostly rural . <hl> Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.

It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly <hl> rural <hl>. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.

Early human settlements were mostly <hl> rural <hl> .

question: In what environment were many of the first human settlements?, context: It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.


Question: What sort of an effect did a growing economy have on human settlements?

Answer: urbanization

It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. <hl> Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan. <hl>

It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in <hl> urbanization <hl> thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.

question: What sort of an effect did a growing economy have on human settlements?, context: It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.


Question: At what speed did urban settlements sometimes expand?

Answer: rapidly

It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. <hl> Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan. <hl>

It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very <hl> rapidly <hl> in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.

question: At what speed did urban settlements sometimes expand?, context: It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.


Question: What civilizations used the divine and supernatural in their architecture?

Answer: Egypt and Mesopotamia

<hl> In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia , architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself. <hl>

In many ancient civilizations, such as those of <hl> Egypt and Mesopotamia <hl>, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself.

In many ancient civilizations, such as those of <hl> Egypt and Mesopotamia <hl> , architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself.

question: What civilizations used the divine and supernatural in their architecture?, context: In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself.


Question: What are two examples of past civilizations?

Answer: Egypt and Mesopotamia

<hl> In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia , architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself. <hl>

In many ancient civilizations, such as those of <hl> Egypt and Mesopotamia <hl>, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself.

In many ancient civilizations, such as those of <hl> Egypt and Mesopotamia <hl> , architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself.

question: What are two examples of past civilizations?, context: In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself.


Question: To what did these civilizations have ties that to were shown off by their architecture?

Answer: the divine and the supernatural

<hl> In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural , and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself. <hl>

In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with <hl> the divine and the supernatural <hl>, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself.

In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with <hl> the divine and the supernatural <hl> , and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself.

question: To what did these civilizations have ties that to were shown off by their architecture?, context: In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself.


Question: What does architectural monumentality often represent?

Answer: political power

<hl> In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself. <hl>

In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the <hl> political power <hl> of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself.

question: What does architectural monumentality often represent?, context: In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself.


Question: Name one Asian architectural writer.

Answer: Kao Gong Ji

<hl> Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka. <hl>

Early Asian writings on architecture include the <hl> Kao Gong Ji <hl> of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka.

question: Name one Asian architectural writer., context: Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka.


Question: What country produced the Kao Gong Ji?

Answer: China

<hl> Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka. <hl>

Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of <hl> China <hl> from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka.

question: What country produced the Kao Gong Ji?, context: Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka.


Question: When was the Kao Gong Ji written?

Answer: 7th–5th centuries BCE

<hl> Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE ; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka. <hl>

Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the <hl> 7th–5th centuries BCE <hl>; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka.

Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the <hl> 7th–5th centuries BCE <hl> ; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka.

question: When was the Kao Gong Ji written?, context: Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka.


Question: What architectural writing came from Sri Lanka?

Answer: Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra

<hl> Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka. <hl>

Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and <hl> Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra <hl> of Sri Lanka.

question: What architectural writing came from Sri Lanka?, context: Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka.


Question: India produced which early architectural text?

Answer: Shilpa Shastras

<hl> Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka. <hl>

Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the <hl> Shilpa Shastras <hl> of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka.

question: India produced which early architectural text?, context: Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka.


Question: What religion led to architectural changes in many Asian countries?

Answer: pantheistic religion

The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. <hl> In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape. <hl>

The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, <hl> pantheistic religion <hl> led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.

question: What religion led to architectural changes in many Asian countries?, context: The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.


Question: Which cultures architecture showed a lot of diversity?

Answer: Buddhist architecture

The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. <hl> Buddhist architecture , in particular, showed great regional diversity. <hl> Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.

The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. <hl> Buddhist architecture <hl>, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.

<hl> Buddhist architecture <hl> , in particular, showed great regional diversity.

question: Which cultures architecture showed a lot of diversity?, context: The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.


Question: When did Hindu temple architecture begin being produced?

Answer: 3rd century BCE

The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. <hl> Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE , is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. <hl> In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.

The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the <hl> 3rd century BCE <hl>, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.

Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the <hl> 3rd century BCE <hl> , is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm.

question: When did Hindu temple architecture begin being produced?, context: The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.


Question: What does Hindu temple architecture try to express?

Answer: the macrocosm and the microcosm

The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. <hl> Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm . <hl> In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.

The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing <hl> the macrocosm and the microcosm <hl>. In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.

Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing <hl> the macrocosm and the microcosm <hl> .

question: What does Hindu temple architecture try to express?, context: The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.


Question: What is the source of the concepts in Hindu temple architecture?

Answer: the Shastras

The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. <hl> Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras , and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. <hl> In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.

The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in <hl> the Shastras <hl>, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.

Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in <hl> the Shastras <hl> , and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm.

question: What is the source of the concepts in Hindu temple architecture?, context: The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.


Question: What type of architectural is especially known for its regional differences

Answer: Buddhist

<hl> The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist , Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. <hl> Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.

The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; <hl> Buddhist <hl>, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.

The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; <hl> Buddhist <hl> , Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics.

question: What type of architectural is especially known for its regional differences, context: The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.


Question: What kind of religious theology affected landscape related architecture in Asia?

Answer: pantheistic religion

The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. <hl> In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape. <hl>

The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, <hl> pantheistic religion <hl> led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.

question: What kind of religious theology affected landscape related architecture in Asia?, context: The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.


Question: What cultures architecture inspired Islamic architecture to use pointed arch's?

Answer: European architecture

Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent. <hl> The widespread application of the pointed arch was to influence European architecture of the Medieval period. <hl>

Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent. The widespread application of the pointed arch was to influence <hl> European architecture <hl> of the Medieval period.

question: What cultures architecture inspired Islamic architecture to use pointed arch's?, context: Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent. The widespread application of the pointed arch was to influence European architecture of the Medieval period.


Question: When was Islamic architecture first seen?

Answer: 7th century CE

<hl> Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE , incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. <hl> Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent. The widespread application of the pointed arch was to influence European architecture of the Medieval period.

Islamic architecture began in the <hl> 7th century CE <hl>, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent. The widespread application of the pointed arch was to influence European architecture of the Medieval period.

Islamic architecture began in the <hl> 7th century CE <hl> , incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society.

question: When was Islamic architecture first seen?, context: Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent. The widespread application of the pointed arch was to influence European architecture of the Medieval period.


Question: In addition to forms from the ancient Middle East, what other place's forms had an effect on Islamic architecture?

Answer: Byzantium

<hl> Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium , but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. <hl> Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent. The widespread application of the pointed arch was to influence European architecture of the Medieval period.

Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and <hl> Byzantium <hl>, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent. The widespread application of the pointed arch was to influence European architecture of the Medieval period.

Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and <hl> Byzantium <hl> , but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society.

question: In addition to forms from the ancient Middle East, what other place's forms had an effect on Islamic architecture?, context: Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent. The widespread application of the pointed arch was to influence European architecture of the Medieval period.


Question: What other parts of the society's needs did architecture fill?

Answer: religious and social needs

<hl> Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. <hl> Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent. The widespread application of the pointed arch was to influence European architecture of the Medieval period.

Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the <hl> religious and social needs <hl> of the society. Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent. The widespread application of the pointed arch was to influence European architecture of the Medieval period.

question: What other parts of the society's needs did architecture fill?, context: Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent. The widespread application of the pointed arch was to influence European architecture of the Medieval period.


Question: What kind of arch design from Islamic architecture affected European architects?

Answer: pointed arch

Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent. <hl> The widespread application of the pointed arch was to influence European architecture of the Medieval period. <hl>

Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent. The widespread application of the <hl> pointed arch <hl> was to influence European architecture of the Medieval period.

question: What kind of arch design from Islamic architecture affected European architects?, context: Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent. The widespread application of the pointed arch was to influence European architecture of the Medieval period.


Question: What type of buildings were took the most effort to build?

Answer: abbeys and cathedrals.

<hl> The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic. <hl>

The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of <hl> abbeys and cathedrals. <hl> From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic.

question: What type of buildings were took the most effort to build?, context: The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic.