Question: In what year did Mahbub ul Haq devise and launch the HDI?

Answer: 1990

The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). <hl> These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered policies". <hl> To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. Working alongside Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, they worked on capabilities and functions that provided the underlying conceptual framework. Haq was sure that a simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well-being. Sen initially opposed this idea, but he soon went on to help Haq develop the Index. Sen was worried that it was going to be difficult to capture the full complexity of human capabilities in a single index, but Haq persuaded him that only a single number would shift the immediate attention of politicians from economic to human well-being.

The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in <hl> 1990 <hl> and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered policies". To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. Working alongside Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, they worked on capabilities and functions that provided the underlying conceptual framework. Haq was sure that a simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well-being. Sen initially opposed this idea, but he soon went on to help Haq develop the Index. Sen was worried that it was going to be difficult to capture the full complexity of human capabilities in a single index, but Haq persuaded him that only a single number would shift the immediate attention of politicians from economic to human well-being.

question: In what year did Mahbub ul Haq devise and launch the HDI?, context: The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered policies". To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. Working alongside Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, they worked on capabilities and functions that provided the underlying conceptual framework. Haq was sure that a simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well-being. Sen initially opposed this idea, but he soon went on to help Haq develop the Index. Sen was worried that it was going to be difficult to capture the full complexity of human capabilities in a single index, but Haq persuaded him that only a single number would shift the immediate attention of politicians from economic to human well-being.


Question: Who was initially opposed to the idea of creating the HDI?

Answer: Amartya Sen

The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered policies". To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. <hl> Working alongside Nobel laureate Amartya Sen , they worked on capabilities and functions that provided the underlying conceptual framework. <hl> Haq was sure that a simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well-being. Sen initially opposed this idea, but he soon went on to help Haq develop the Index. Sen was worried that it was going to be difficult to capture the full complexity of human capabilities in a single index, but Haq persuaded him that only a single number would shift the immediate attention of politicians from economic to human well-being.

The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered policies". To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. Working alongside Nobel laureate <hl> Amartya Sen <hl>, they worked on capabilities and functions that provided the underlying conceptual framework. Haq was sure that a simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well-being. Sen initially opposed this idea, but he soon went on to help Haq develop the Index. Sen was worried that it was going to be difficult to capture the full complexity of human capabilities in a single index, but Haq persuaded him that only a single number would shift the immediate attention of politicians from economic to human well-being.

Working alongside Nobel laureate <hl> Amartya Sen <hl> , they worked on capabilities and functions that provided the underlying conceptual framework.

question: Who was initially opposed to the idea of creating the HDI?, context: The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered policies". To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. Working alongside Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, they worked on capabilities and functions that provided the underlying conceptual framework. Haq was sure that a simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well-being. Sen initially opposed this idea, but he soon went on to help Haq develop the Index. Sen was worried that it was going to be difficult to capture the full complexity of human capabilities in a single index, but Haq persuaded him that only a single number would shift the immediate attention of politicians from economic to human well-being.


Question: Mahbub ul Haq was hoping to shift the focus of development economics to what type of policies?

Answer: people-centered policies

The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). <hl> These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered policies ". <hl> To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. Working alongside Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, they worked on capabilities and functions that provided the underlying conceptual framework. Haq was sure that a simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well-being. Sen initially opposed this idea, but he soon went on to help Haq develop the Index. Sen was worried that it was going to be difficult to capture the full complexity of human capabilities in a single index, but Haq persuaded him that only a single number would shift the immediate attention of politicians from economic to human well-being.

The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to <hl> people-centered policies <hl>". To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. Working alongside Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, they worked on capabilities and functions that provided the underlying conceptual framework. Haq was sure that a simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well-being. Sen initially opposed this idea, but he soon went on to help Haq develop the Index. Sen was worried that it was going to be difficult to capture the full complexity of human capabilities in a single index, but Haq persuaded him that only a single number would shift the immediate attention of politicians from economic to human well-being.

These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to <hl> people-centered policies <hl> ".

question: Mahbub ul Haq was hoping to shift the focus of development economics to what type of policies?, context: The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered policies". To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. Working alongside Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, they worked on capabilities and functions that provided the underlying conceptual framework. Haq was sure that a simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well-being. Sen initially opposed this idea, but he soon went on to help Haq develop the Index. Sen was worried that it was going to be difficult to capture the full complexity of human capabilities in a single index, but Haq persuaded him that only a single number would shift the immediate attention of politicians from economic to human well-being.


Question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2011 report?

Answer: 1990

The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). <hl> These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered policies". <hl> To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. Working alongside Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, they worked on capabilities and functions that provided the underlying conceptual framework. Haq was sure that a simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well-being. Sen initially opposed this idea, but he soon went on to help Haq develop the Index. Sen was worried that it was going to be difficult to capture the full complexity of human capabilities in a single index, but Haq persuaded him that only a single number would shift the immediate attention of politicians from economic to human well-being.

The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in <hl> 1990 <hl> and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered policies". To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. Working alongside Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, they worked on capabilities and functions that provided the underlying conceptual framework. Haq was sure that a simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well-being. Sen initially opposed this idea, but he soon went on to help Haq develop the Index. Sen was worried that it was going to be difficult to capture the full complexity of human capabilities in a single index, but Haq persuaded him that only a single number would shift the immediate attention of politicians from economic to human well-being.

question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2011 report?, context: The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered policies". To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. Working alongside Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, they worked on capabilities and functions that provided the underlying conceptual framework. Haq was sure that a simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well-being. Sen initially opposed this idea, but he soon went on to help Haq develop the Index. Sen was worried that it was going to be difficult to capture the full complexity of human capabilities in a single index, but Haq persuaded him that only a single number would shift the immediate attention of politicians from economic to human well-being.


Question: What does LE stand for?

Answer: Life expectancy at birth

<hl> LE: Life expectancy at birth MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools) <hl> EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life) GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita

LE: <hl> Life expectancy at birth <hl> MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools) EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life) GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita

question: What does LE stand for?, context: LE: Life expectancy at birth MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools) EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life) GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita


Question: What does MYS stand for?

Answer: Mean years of schooling

<hl> LE: Life expectancy at birth MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools) <hl> EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life) GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita

LE: Life expectancy at birth MYS: <hl> Mean years of schooling <hl> (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools) EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life) GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita

question: What does MYS stand for?, context: LE: Life expectancy at birth MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools) EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life) GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita


Question: What does EYS stand for?

Answer: Expected years of schooling

LE: Life expectancy at birth MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools) <hl> EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life) GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita <hl>

LE: Life expectancy at birth MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools) EYS: <hl> Expected years of schooling <hl> (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life) GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita

question: What does EYS stand for?, context: LE: Life expectancy at birth MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools) EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life) GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita


Question: What does GNIpc stand for?

Answer: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita

LE: Life expectancy at birth MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools) <hl> EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life) GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita <hl>

LE: Life expectancy at birth MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools) EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life) GNIpc: <hl> Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita <hl>

question: What does GNIpc stand for?, context: LE: Life expectancy at birth MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools) EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life) GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita


Question: What entity makes the defining formula for the HDI well-known?

Answer: the United Nations Development Programme

<hl> The formula defining the HDI is promulgated by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). <hl> In general, to transform a raw variable, say , into a unit-free index between 0 and 1 (which allows different indices to be added together), the following formula is used:

The formula defining the HDI is promulgated by <hl> the United Nations Development Programme <hl> (UNDP). In general, to transform a raw variable, say , into a unit-free index between 0 and 1 (which allows different indices to be added together), the following formula is used:

question: What entity makes the defining formula for the HDI well-known?, context: The formula defining the HDI is promulgated by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). In general, to transform a raw variable, say , into a unit-free index between 0 and 1 (which allows different indices to be added together), the following formula is used:


Question: On what date was the 2015 Human Development Report released?

Answer: December 14, 2015

<hl> The 2015 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on December 14, 2015 , and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2014. <hl> Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

The 2015 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on <hl> December 14, 2015 <hl>, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2014. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

The 2015 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on <hl> December 14, 2015 <hl> , and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2014.

question: On what date was the 2015 Human Development Report released?, context: The 2015 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on December 14, 2015, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2014. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:


Question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2015 report?

Answer: 2014

<hl> The 2015 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on December 14, 2015, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2014 . <hl> Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

The 2015 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on December 14, 2015, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for <hl> 2014 <hl>. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

The 2015 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on December 14, 2015, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for <hl> 2014 <hl> .

question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2015 report?, context: The 2015 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on December 14, 2015, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2014. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:


Question: On what date was the 2014 Human Development Report released?

Answer: July 24, 2014

<hl> The 2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on July 24, 2014 , and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2013. <hl> Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

The 2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on <hl> July 24, 2014 <hl>, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2013. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

The 2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on <hl> July 24, 2014 <hl> , and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2013.

question: On what date was the 2014 Human Development Report released?, context: The 2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on July 24, 2014, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2013. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:


Question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2014 report?

Answer: 2013

<hl> The 2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on July 24, 2014, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2013 . <hl> Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

The 2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on July 24, 2014, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for <hl> 2013 <hl>. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

The 2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on July 24, 2014, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for <hl> 2013 <hl> .

question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2014 report?, context: The 2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on July 24, 2014, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2013. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:


Question: What does the IHDI specifically take into account?

Answer: Inequality

<hl> The Inequality -adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account." <hl>

The <hl> Inequality <hl>-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account."

The <hl> Inequality <hl> -adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account."

question: What does the IHDI specifically take into account?, context: The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account."


Question: Does the IHDI measure the "average" or the "potential" level of human development?

Answer: the average level

<hl> The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account." <hl>

The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of <hl> the average level <hl> of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account."

question: Does the IHDI measure the "average" or the "potential" level of human development?, context: The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account."


Question: Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?

Answer: Cuba

<hl> Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Cuba , and Kuwait. <hl>

Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, <hl> Cuba <hl>, and Kuwait.

Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, <hl> Cuba <hl> , and Kuwait.

question: Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?, context: Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Cuba, and Kuwait.


Question: Is the top quartile of HDI considered "high" or "very high" human development?

Answer: very high

<hl> Countries in the top quartile of HDI (" very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Cuba, and Kuwait. <hl>

Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("<hl> very high <hl> human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Cuba, and Kuwait.

Countries in the top quartile of HDI (" <hl> very high <hl> human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Cuba, and Kuwait.

question: Is the top quartile of HDI considered "high" or "very high" human development?, context: Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Cuba, and Kuwait.


Question: What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2014 report?

Answer: lack of necessary data

<hl> Some countries were not included for various reasons, primarily the lack of necessary data . <hl> The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2014 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Somalia, India, Pakistan, South Sudan, and Tuvalu.

Some countries were not included for various reasons, primarily the <hl> lack of necessary data <hl>. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2014 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Somalia, India, Pakistan, South Sudan, and Tuvalu.

Some countries were not included for various reasons, primarily the <hl> lack of necessary data <hl> .

question: What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2014 report?, context: Some countries were not included for various reasons, primarily the lack of necessary data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2014 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Somalia, India, Pakistan, South Sudan, and Tuvalu.


Question: Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2014 report?

Answer: North Korea

Some countries were not included for various reasons, primarily the lack of necessary data. <hl> The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2014 report: North Korea , Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Somalia, India, Pakistan, South Sudan, and Tuvalu. <hl>

Some countries were not included for various reasons, primarily the lack of necessary data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2014 report: <hl> North Korea <hl>, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Somalia, India, Pakistan, South Sudan, and Tuvalu.

The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2014 report: <hl> North Korea <hl> , Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Somalia, India, Pakistan, South Sudan, and Tuvalu.

question: Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2014 report?, context: Some countries were not included for various reasons, primarily the lack of necessary data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2014 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Somalia, India, Pakistan, South Sudan, and Tuvalu.


Question: On what date was the 2013 Human Development Report released?

Answer: March 14, 2013

<hl> The 2013 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on March 14, 2013 , and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2012. <hl> Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

The 2013 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on <hl> March 14, 2013 <hl>, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2012. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

The 2013 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on <hl> March 14, 2013 <hl> , and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2012.

question: On what date was the 2013 Human Development Report released?, context: The 2013 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on March 14, 2013, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2012. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:


Question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2013 report?

Answer: 2012

<hl> The 2013 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on March 14, 2013, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2012 . <hl> Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

The 2013 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on March 14, 2013, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for <hl> 2012 <hl>. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

The 2013 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on March 14, 2013, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for <hl> 2012 <hl> .

question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2013 report?, context: The 2013 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on March 14, 2013, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2012. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:


Question: Does the IHDI measure the "average" or the "potential" level of human development?

Answer: the average level

<hl> The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account." <hl>

The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of <hl> the average level <hl> of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account."

question: Does the IHDI measure the "average" or the "potential" level of human development?, context: The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account."


Question: Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?

Answer: Barbados

<hl> Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Andorra, Qatar, Barbados , United Arab Emirates, and Seychelles. <hl>

Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Andorra, Qatar, <hl> Barbados <hl>, United Arab Emirates, and Seychelles.

Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Andorra, Qatar, <hl> Barbados <hl> , United Arab Emirates, and Seychelles.

question: Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?, context: Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Andorra, Qatar, Barbados, United Arab Emirates, and Seychelles.


Question: Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?

Answer: Barbados

<hl> Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Andorra, Qatar, Barbados , United Arab Emirates, and Seychelles. <hl>

Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Andorra, Qatar, <hl> Barbados <hl>, United Arab Emirates, and Seychelles.

Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Andorra, Qatar, <hl> Barbados <hl> , United Arab Emirates, and Seychelles.

question: Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?, context: Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Andorra, Qatar, Barbados, United Arab Emirates, and Seychelles.


Question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2011 report?

Answer: 2011

<hl> The 2011 Human Development Report was released on 2 November 2011, and calculated HDI values based on estimates for 2011. <hl> Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries (equal to the top quartile):

The <hl> 2011 <hl> Human Development Report was released on 2 November 2011, and calculated HDI values based on estimates for 2011. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries (equal to the top quartile):

question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2011 report?, context: The 2011 Human Development Report was released on 2 November 2011, and calculated HDI values based on estimates for 2011. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries (equal to the top quartile):


Question: Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?

Answer: Barbados

<hl> Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI include: New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, Andorra, Brunei, Malta, Qatar, Bahrain, Chile, Argentina and Barbados . <hl>

Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI include: New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, Andorra, Brunei, Malta, Qatar, Bahrain, Chile, Argentina and <hl> Barbados <hl>.

Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI include: New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, Andorra, Brunei, Malta, Qatar, Bahrain, Chile, Argentina and <hl> Barbados <hl> .

question: Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?, context: Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI include: New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, Andorra, Brunei, Malta, Qatar, Bahrain, Chile, Argentina and Barbados.


Question: Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?

Answer: Barbados

<hl> Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI include: New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, Andorra, Brunei, Malta, Qatar, Bahrain, Chile, Argentina and Barbados . <hl>

Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI include: New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, Andorra, Brunei, Malta, Qatar, Bahrain, Chile, Argentina and <hl> Barbados <hl>.

Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI include: New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, Andorra, Brunei, Malta, Qatar, Bahrain, Chile, Argentina and <hl> Barbados <hl> .

question: Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?, context: Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI include: New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, Andorra, Brunei, Malta, Qatar, Bahrain, Chile, Argentina and Barbados.


Question: What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2011 report?

Answer: unavailability of certain crucial data

<hl> Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data . <hl> The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu.

Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the <hl> unavailability of certain crucial data <hl>. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu.

Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the <hl> unavailability of certain crucial data <hl> .

question: What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2011 report?, context: Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu.


Question: Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2011 report?

Answer: North Korea

Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. <hl> The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea , Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu. <hl>

Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: <hl> North Korea <hl>, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu.

The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: <hl> North Korea <hl> , Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu.

question: Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2011 report?, context: Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu.


Question: On what date was the 2010 Human Development Report released?

Answer: November 4, 2010

<hl> The 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on November 4, 2010 , and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. <hl> Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

The 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on <hl> November 4, 2010 <hl>, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

The 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on <hl> November 4, 2010 <hl> , and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010.

question: On what date was the 2010 Human Development Report released?, context: The 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on November 4, 2010, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:


Question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2010 report?

Answer: 2010

<hl> The 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on November 4, 2010, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. <hl> Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

The <hl> 2010 <hl> Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on November 4, 2010, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2010 report?, context: The 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on November 4, 2010, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:


Question: In the IHDI, inequality is factored into what three human development dimensions?

Answer: income, life expectancy, and education

<hl> The 2010 Human Development Report was the first to calculate an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), which factors in inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development ( income, life expectancy, and education ) <hl> . Below is a list of countries in the top quartile by IHDI:

The 2010 Human Development Report was the first to calculate an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), which factors in inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development (<hl> income, life expectancy, and education <hl>). Below is a list of countries in the top quartile by IHDI:

The 2010 Human Development Report was the first to calculate an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), which factors in inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development ( <hl> income, life expectancy, and education <hl> )

question: In the IHDI, inequality is factored into what three human development dimensions?, context: The 2010 Human Development Report was the first to calculate an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), which factors in inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development (income, life expectancy, and education). Below is a list of countries in the top quartile by IHDI:


Question: Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?

Answer: Barbados

<hl> Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI include: New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Republic of China (Taiwan), Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Malta, Brunei, Qatar, Bahrain and Barbados . <hl>

Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI include: New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Republic of China (Taiwan), Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Malta, Brunei, Qatar, Bahrain and <hl> Barbados <hl>.

Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI include: New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Republic of China (Taiwan), Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Malta, Brunei, Qatar, Bahrain and <hl> Barbados <hl> .

question: Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?, context: Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI include: New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Republic of China (Taiwan), Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Malta, Brunei, Qatar, Bahrain and Barbados.


Question: What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2010 report?

Answer: unavailability of certain crucial data

<hl> Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data . <hl> The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an "internationally reported figure for Cuba’s Gross National Income adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity". All other indicators for Cuba were available, and reported by the UNDP, but the lack of one indicator meant that no ranking could be attributed to the country. The situation has been addressed and, in later years, Cuba has ranked as a High Human Development country.

Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the <hl> unavailability of certain crucial data <hl>. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an "internationally reported figure for Cuba’s Gross National Income adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity". All other indicators for Cuba were available, and reported by the UNDP, but the lack of one indicator meant that no ranking could be attributed to the country. The situation has been addressed and, in later years, Cuba has ranked as a High Human Development country.

Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the <hl> unavailability of certain crucial data <hl> .

question: What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2010 report?, context: Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an "internationally reported figure for Cuba’s Gross National Income adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity". All other indicators for Cuba were available, and reported by the UNDP, but the lack of one indicator meant that no ranking could be attributed to the country. The situation has been addressed and, in later years, Cuba has ranked as a High Human Development country.


Question: Which Caribbean nation protested its exclusion from the 2010 report?

Answer: Cuba

Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. <hl> Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. <hl> The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an "internationally reported figure for Cuba’s Gross National Income adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity". All other indicators for Cuba were available, and reported by the UNDP, but the lack of one indicator meant that no ranking could be attributed to the country. The situation has been addressed and, in later years, Cuba has ranked as a High Human Development country.

Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. <hl> Cuba <hl> lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an "internationally reported figure for Cuba’s Gross National Income adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity". All other indicators for Cuba were available, and reported by the UNDP, but the lack of one indicator meant that no ranking could be attributed to the country. The situation has been addressed and, in later years, Cuba has ranked as a High Human Development country.

question: Which Caribbean nation protested its exclusion from the 2010 report?, context: Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an "internationally reported figure for Cuba’s Gross National Income adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity". All other indicators for Cuba were available, and reported by the UNDP, but the lack of one indicator meant that no ranking could be attributed to the country. The situation has been addressed and, in later years, Cuba has ranked as a High Human Development country.


Question: What ranking has Cuba been given since the situation with the missing data was addressed?

Answer: High Human Development country

Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an "internationally reported figure for Cuba’s Gross National Income adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity". All other indicators for Cuba were available, and reported by the UNDP, but the lack of one indicator meant that no ranking could be attributed to the country. <hl> The situation has been addressed and, in later years, Cuba has ranked as a High Human Development country . <hl>

Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an "internationally reported figure for Cuba’s Gross National Income adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity". All other indicators for Cuba were available, and reported by the UNDP, but the lack of one indicator meant that no ranking could be attributed to the country. The situation has been addressed and, in later years, Cuba has ranked as a <hl> High Human Development country <hl>.

The situation has been addressed and, in later years, Cuba has ranked as a <hl> High Human Development country <hl> .

question: What ranking has Cuba been given since the situation with the missing data was addressed?, context: Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an "internationally reported figure for Cuba’s Gross National Income adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity". All other indicators for Cuba were available, and reported by the UNDP, but the lack of one indicator meant that no ranking could be attributed to the country. The situation has been addressed and, in later years, Cuba has ranked as a High Human Development country.


Question: On what date was the 2009 Human Development Report released?

Answer: October 5, 2009

<hl> The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009 , and covers the period up to 2007. <hl> It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are:

The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on <hl> October 5, 2009 <hl>, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are:

The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on <hl> October 5, 2009 <hl> , and covers the period up to 2007.

question: On what date was the 2009 Human Development Report released?, context: The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are:


Question: What period is covered by the 2009 Human Development Report?

Answer: period up to 2007

<hl> The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007 . <hl> It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are:

The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the <hl> period up to 2007 <hl>. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are:

The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the <hl> period up to 2007 <hl> .

question: What period is covered by the 2009 Human Development Report?, context: The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are:


Question: What was another title for the 2009 Human Development Report?

Answer: Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development

The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. <hl> It was titled " Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development ". <hl> The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are:

The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "<hl> Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development <hl>". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are:

It was titled " <hl> Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development <hl> ".

question: What was another title for the 2009 Human Development Report?, context: The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are:


Question: What new category was added in the 2009 Human Development Report?

Answer: very high human development

The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". <hl> The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called " very high human development ". <hl> The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are:

The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "<hl> very high human development <hl>". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are:

The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called " <hl> very high human development <hl> ".

question: What new category was added in the 2009 Human Development Report?, context: The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are:


Question: How does the 2009 Human Development Report refer to countries that rank "very high"?

Answer: developed countries

The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". <hl> The report refers to these countries as developed countries . <hl> They are:

The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as <hl> developed countries <hl>. They are:

The report refers to these countries as <hl> developed countries <hl> .

question: How does the 2009 Human Development Report refer to countries that rank "very high"?, context: The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are:


Question: What three reasons were mentioned for countries being excluded?

Answer: being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication

<hl> Some countries were not included for various reasons, such as being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication . <hl> Besides the states with limited recognition, the following states were also not included.

Some countries were not included for various reasons, such as <hl> being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication <hl>. Besides the states with limited recognition, the following states were also not included.

Some countries were not included for various reasons, such as <hl> being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication <hl> .

question: What three reasons were mentioned for countries being excluded?, context: Some countries were not included for various reasons, such as being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication. Besides the states with limited recognition, the following states were also not included.


Question: What type of update was released on December 18, 2008?

Answer: statistical update

A new index was released on December 18, 2008. <hl> This so-called " statistical update " covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. <hl> The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countries, resulting in changes in HDI values and, in many cases, HDI ranks.

A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "<hl> statistical update <hl>" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countries, resulting in changes in HDI values and, in many cases, HDI ranks.

This so-called " <hl> statistical update <hl> " covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report.

question: What type of update was released on December 18, 2008?, context: A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countries, resulting in changes in HDI values and, in many cases, HDI ranks.


Question: What was the index published on December 18, 2008 lacking?

Answer: an accompanying Human Development Report

A new index was released on December 18, 2008. <hl> This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report . <hl> The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countries, resulting in changes in HDI values and, in many cases, HDI ranks.

A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without <hl> an accompanying Human Development Report <hl>. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countries, resulting in changes in HDI values and, in many cases, HDI ranks.

This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without <hl> an accompanying Human Development Report <hl> .

question: What was the index published on December 18, 2008 lacking?, context: A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countries, resulting in changes in HDI values and, in many cases, HDI ranks.


Question: What period was covered by the statistical update index released in December of 2008?

Answer: up to 2006

A new index was released on December 18, 2008. <hl> This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. <hl> The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countries, resulting in changes in HDI values and, in many cases, HDI ranks.

A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "statistical update" covered the period <hl> up to 2006 <hl> and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countries, resulting in changes in HDI values and, in many cases, HDI ranks.

question: What period was covered by the statistical update index released in December of 2008?, context: A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countries, resulting in changes in HDI values and, in many cases, HDI ranks.


Question: On what date was the 2007/2008 Human Development Report released?

Answer: November 27, 2007

<hl> The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007 . <hl> Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics.

The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on <hl> November 27, 2007 <hl>. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics.

The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on <hl> November 27, 2007 <hl> .

question: On what date was the 2007/2008 Human Development Report released?, context: The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics.


Question: What was the focus of the 2007/2008 Human Development Report?

Answer: Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world

The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. <hl> Its focus was on " Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world ." <hl> Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics.

The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "<hl> Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world <hl>." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics.

Its focus was on " <hl> Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world <hl> ."

question: What was the focus of the 2007/2008 Human Development Report?, context: The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics.


Question: What is the most recent year that was included in the 2007/2008 Human Development Report?

Answer: 2005

The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." <hl> Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. <hl> Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics.

The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from <hl> 2005 <hl> or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics.

question: What is the most recent year that was included in the 2007/2008 Human Development Report?, context: The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics.


Question: The HDI in the 2007/2008 Human Development Report is for what year?

Answer: 2005

The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." <hl> Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. <hl> Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics.

The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from <hl> 2005 <hl> or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics.

question: The HDI in the 2007/2008 Human Development Report is for what year?, context: The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics.


Question: Where was the 2007/2008 Human Development Report launched?

Answer: Brasília, Brazil

<hl> The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil , on November 27, 2007. <hl> Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics.

The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in <hl> Brasília, Brazil <hl>, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics.

The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in <hl> Brasília, Brazil <hl> , on November 27, 2007.

question: Where was the 2007/2008 Human Development Report launched?, context: The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics.


Question: Which countries experienced a decrease in HDI?

Answer: high income countries

The report showed a small increase in world HDI in comparison with last year's report. This rise was fueled by a general improvement in the developing world, especially of the least developed countries group. <hl> This marked improvement at the bottom was offset with a decrease in HDI of high income countries . <hl>

The report showed a small increase in world HDI in comparison with last year's report. This rise was fueled by a general improvement in the developing world, especially of the least developed countries group. This marked improvement at the bottom was offset with a decrease in HDI of <hl> high income countries <hl>.

This marked improvement at the bottom was offset with a decrease in HDI of <hl> high income countries <hl> .

question: Which countries experienced a decrease in HDI?, context: The report showed a small increase in world HDI in comparison with last year's report. This rise was fueled by a general improvement in the developing world, especially of the least developed countries group. This marked improvement at the bottom was offset with a decrease in HDI of high income countries.


Question: Under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a "low development" country?

Answer: 0.5

<hl> A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". <hl> All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.

A HDI below <hl> 0.5 <hl> is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.

question: Under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a "low development" country?, context: A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.


Question: On which continent are all 22 of the low development countries located?

Answer: Africa

A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". <hl> All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa . <hl> The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.

A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in <hl> Africa <hl>. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.

All 22 countries in that category are located in <hl> Africa <hl> .

question: On which continent are all 22 of the low development countries located?, context: A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.


Question: What is Gabon's ranking?

Answer: 119th

A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. <hl> The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. <hl> Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.

A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked <hl> 119th <hl> and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.

question: What is Gabon's ranking?, context: A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.


Question: What is South Africa's ranking?

Answer: 121st

A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. <hl> The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st , respectively. <hl> Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.

A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and <hl> 121st <hl>, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.

The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and <hl> 121st <hl> , respectively.

question: What is South Africa's ranking?, context: A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.


Question: What are the two highest ranking Sub-Saharan countries?

Answer: Gabon and South Africa

A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. <hl> The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa , are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. <hl> Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.

A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, <hl> Gabon and South Africa <hl>, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.

The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, <hl> Gabon and South Africa <hl> , are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively.

question: What are the two highest ranking Sub-Saharan countries?, context: A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.


Question: What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a "high development" country?

Answer: 0.8

<hl> A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". <hl> This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia.

A HDI of <hl> 0.8 <hl> or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia.

question: What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a "high development" country?, context: A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia.


Question: Which South American country was included among the seven promoted countries?

Answer: Brazil

A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. <hl> Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil , Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia. <hl>

A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, <hl> Brazil <hl>, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia.

Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, <hl> Brazil <hl> , Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia.

question: Which South American country was included among the seven promoted countries?, context: A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia.


Question: What is the largest country that was included among the seven promoted countries?

Answer: Russia

A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. <hl> Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia. <hl>

A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, <hl> Russia <hl> and Saudi Arabia.

question: What is the largest country that was included among the seven promoted countries?, context: A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia.


Question: If there is a decrease in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present?

Answer: red arrows

<hl> On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. <hl> They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study.

On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while <hl> red arrows <hl> () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study.

question: If there is a decrease in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present?, context: On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study.


Question: If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present?

Answer: green arrows

<hl> On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. <hl> They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study.

On the following table, <hl> green arrows <hl> () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study.

question: If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present?, context: On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study.


Question: If a country's ranking does not change, which indicator will be present?

Answer: Blue dash

On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. <hl> Blue dash es () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study. <hl>

On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. <hl> Blue dash <hl>es () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study.

<hl> Blue dash <hl> es () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study.

question: If a country's ranking does not change, which indicator will be present?, context: On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study.


Question: Which country has been ranked highest the most number of times?

Answer: Norway

The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. <hl> Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. <hl> Iceland has been ranked highest twice.

The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. <hl> Norway <hl> has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice.

question: Which country has been ranked highest the most number of times?, context: The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice.


Question: Which country has received the top rank twice?

Answer: Iceland

Iceland has been ranked highest twice.

The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. <hl> Iceland has been ranked highest twice. <hl>

The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. <hl> Iceland <hl> has been ranked highest twice.

question: Which country has received the top rank twice?, context: The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice.


Question: The HDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what?

Answer: national performance and ranking

<hl> The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking , lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries. <hl>

The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on <hl> national performance and ranking <hl>, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries.

The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on <hl> national performance and ranking <hl> , lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries.

question: The HDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what?, context: The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries.


Question: Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Western or towards Eastern models of development?

Answer: Western

<hl> The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called " Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries. <hl>

The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "<hl> Western <hl> models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries.

The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called " <hl> Western <hl> models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries.

question: Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Western or towards Eastern models of development?, context: The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries.