Question: How is the energy stored by pumped-storage hydroelectricity recovered?

Answer: by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator

Pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores energy in the form of water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one. <hl> The energy is recovered when demand is high by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator . <hl>

Pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores energy in the form of water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one. The energy is recovered when demand is high <hl> by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator <hl>.

The energy is recovered when demand is high <hl> by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator <hl> .

question: How is the energy stored by pumped-storage hydroelectricity recovered?, context: Pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores energy in the form of water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one. The energy is recovered when demand is high by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator.


Question: The oil embargo in what year was a contributing factor to the reorganization of energy policies?

Answer: 1973

<hl> The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. <hl> Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).

The <hl> 1973 <hl> oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).

question: The oil embargo in what year was a contributing factor to the reorganization of energy policies?, context: The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).


Question: What brought attention to solar technologies in the 1970s?

Answer: The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis

<hl> The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. <hl> Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).

<hl> The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis <hl> caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).

question: What brought attention to solar technologies in the 1970s?, context: The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).


Question: What are the names of some of the incentive programs used to promote solar technology?

Answer: the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan

The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. <hl> Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan . <hl> Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).

The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as <hl> the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan <hl>. Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).

Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as <hl> the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan <hl> .

question: What are the names of some of the incentive programs used to promote solar technology?, context: The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).


Question: What is the name of the solar energy research facility in the US?

Answer: SERI, now NREL

The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. <hl> Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US ( SERI, now NREL ), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE). <hl>

The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (<hl> SERI, now NREL <hl>), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).

Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US ( <hl> SERI, now NREL <hl> ), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).

question: What is the name of the solar energy research facility in the US?, context: The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).


Question: What is the name of the solar energy research facility in Japan?

Answer: NEDO

The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. <hl> Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan ( NEDO ), <hl> and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).

The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (<hl> NEDO <hl>), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).

Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan ( <hl> NEDO <hl> ),

question: What is the name of the solar energy research facility in Japan?, context: The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).


Question: What is the name of the solar energy research facility in Germany?

Answer: Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE

The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. <hl> Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany ( Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE ) <hl> .

The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (<hl> Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE <hl>).

Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany ( <hl> Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE <hl> )

question: What is the name of the solar energy research facility in Germany?, context: The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).


Question: The solar water heaters introduced in the US in the 1890s saw growth until what time period?

Answer: the 1920s

Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States in the 1890s. <hl> These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. <hl> As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to falling petroleum prices. Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged 20% per year since 1999. Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007.

Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States in the 1890s. These systems saw increasing use until <hl> the 1920s <hl> but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to falling petroleum prices. Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged 20% per year since 1999. Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007.

question: The solar water heaters introduced in the US in the 1890s saw growth until what time period?, context: Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States in the 1890s. These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to falling petroleum prices. Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged 20% per year since 1999. Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007.


Question: Since 1999, what average rate has the solar water heating sector progressed at?

Answer: 20% per year

Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States in the 1890s. These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to falling petroleum prices. <hl> Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged 20% per year since 1999. <hl> Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007.

Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States in the 1890s. These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to falling petroleum prices. Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged <hl> 20% per year <hl> since 1999. Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007.

question: Since 1999, what average rate has the solar water heating sector progressed at?, context: Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States in the 1890s. These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to falling petroleum prices. Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged 20% per year since 1999. Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007.


Question: When did the use of solar water heaters in the US first begin?

Answer: in the 1890s

<hl> Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States in the 1890s . <hl> These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to falling petroleum prices. Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged 20% per year since 1999. Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007.

Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States <hl> in the 1890s <hl>. These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to falling petroleum prices. Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged 20% per year since 1999. Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007.

Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States <hl> in the 1890s <hl> .

question: When did the use of solar water heaters in the US first begin?, context: Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States in the 1890s. These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to falling petroleum prices. Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged 20% per year since 1999. Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007.


Question: Why did interest in solar water heating decrease in the 1980s?

Answer: falling petroleum prices

Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States in the 1890s. These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. <hl> As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to falling petroleum prices . <hl> Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged 20% per year since 1999. Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007.

Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States in the 1890s. These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to <hl> falling petroleum prices <hl>. Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged 20% per year since 1999. Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007.

As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to <hl> falling petroleum prices <hl> .

question: Why did interest in solar water heating decrease in the 1980s?, context: Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States in the 1890s. These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to falling petroleum prices. Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged 20% per year since 1999. Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007.


Question: Growth of solar water heating development has averaged how much per year since 1999

Answer: 20%

Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States in the 1890s. These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to falling petroleum prices. <hl> Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged 20% per year since 1999. <hl> Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007.

Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States in the 1890s. These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to falling petroleum prices. Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged <hl> 20% <hl> per year since 1999. Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007.

question: Growth of solar water heating development has averaged how much per year since 1999, context: Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States in the 1890s. These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to falling petroleum prices. Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged 20% per year since 1999. Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007.


Question: What was the estimated capacity of solar water heating and cooling in 2007?

Answer: 154 GW

Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States in the 1890s. These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to falling petroleum prices. Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged 20% per year since 1999. <hl> Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007. <hl>

Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States in the 1890s. These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to falling petroleum prices. Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged 20% per year since 1999. Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of <hl> 154 GW <hl> as of 2007.

question: What was the estimated capacity of solar water heating and cooling in 2007?, context: Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States in the 1890s. These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to falling petroleum prices. Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged 20% per year since 1999. Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007.


Question: Which organization believes that solar energy can solve some of our most pressing issues?

Answer: The International Energy Agency

<hl> The International Energy Agency has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces: <hl>

<hl> The International Energy Agency <hl> has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces:

question: Which organization believes that solar energy can solve some of our most pressing issues?, context: The International Energy Agency has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces:


Question: Who said that solar energy can help solve some of the most urgent problems in the world?

Answer: The International Energy Agency

<hl> The International Energy Agency has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces: <hl>

<hl> The International Energy Agency <hl> has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces:

question: Who said that solar energy can help solve some of the most urgent problems in the world?, context: The International Energy Agency has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces:


Question: ISO 9050 relates to standards for what?

Answer: glass in building

The International Organization for Standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment. <hl> For example, ISO 9050 relates to glass in building while ISO 10217 relates to the materials used in solar water heaters. <hl>

The International Organization for Standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment. For example, ISO 9050 relates to <hl> glass in building <hl> while ISO 10217 relates to the materials used in solar water heaters.

question: ISO 9050 relates to standards for what?, context: The International Organization for Standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment. For example, ISO 9050 relates to glass in building while ISO 10217 relates to the materials used in solar water heaters.


Question: ISO 10217 relates to standards for what?

Answer: materials used in solar water heaters

The International Organization for Standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment. <hl> For example, ISO 9050 relates to glass in building while ISO 10217 relates to the materials used in solar water heaters . <hl>

The International Organization for Standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment. For example, ISO 9050 relates to glass in building while ISO 10217 relates to the <hl> materials used in solar water heaters <hl>.

For example, ISO 9050 relates to glass in building while ISO 10217 relates to the <hl> materials used in solar water heaters <hl> .

question: ISO 10217 relates to standards for what?, context: The International Organization for Standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment. For example, ISO 9050 relates to glass in building while ISO 10217 relates to the materials used in solar water heaters.


Question: What is the name of the standard related to glass in building?

Answer: ISO 9050

The International Organization for Standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment. <hl> For example, ISO 9050 relates to glass in building while ISO 10217 relates to the materials used in solar water heaters. <hl>

The International Organization for Standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment. For example, <hl> ISO 9050 <hl> relates to glass in building while ISO 10217 relates to the materials used in solar water heaters.

question: What is the name of the standard related to glass in building?, context: The International Organization for Standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment. For example, ISO 9050 relates to glass in building while ISO 10217 relates to the materials used in solar water heaters.


Question: What is the name of the standard related to the materials used in solar water heaters?

Answer: ISO 10217

The International Organization for Standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment. <hl> For example, ISO 9050 relates to glass in building while ISO 10217 relates to the materials used in solar water heaters. <hl>

The International Organization for Standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment. For example, ISO 9050 relates to glass in building while <hl> ISO 10217 <hl> relates to the materials used in solar water heaters.

question: What is the name of the standard related to the materials used in solar water heaters?, context: The International Organization for Standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment. For example, ISO 9050 relates to glass in building while ISO 10217 relates to the materials used in solar water heaters.


Question: What are the technologies used to capture solar energy characterized as?

Answer: passive solar or active solar

<hl> It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. <hl> Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.

It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either <hl> passive solar or active solar <hl> depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.

question: What are the technologies used to capture solar energy characterized as?, context: It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.


Question: What are some active solar techniques used to harness solar energy?

Answer: photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating

It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. <hl> Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. <hl> Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.

It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of <hl> photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating <hl> to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.

question: What are some active solar techniques used to harness solar energy?, context: It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.


Question: What is an example of a passive solar technique?

Answer: orienting a building to the Sun

It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. <hl> Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun , selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air. <hl>

It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include <hl> orienting a building to the Sun <hl>, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.

Passive solar techniques include <hl> orienting a building to the Sun <hl> , selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.

question: What is an example of a passive solar technique?, context: It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.


Question: What was the total worldwide energy consumption in 2012?

Answer: 559.8 EJ

The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity. The United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ). <hl> This is several times larger than the total world energy consumption, which was 559.8 EJ in 2012. <hl>

The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity. The United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ). This is several times larger than the total world energy consumption, which was <hl> 559.8 EJ <hl> in 2012.

question: What was the total worldwide energy consumption in 2012?, context: The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity. The United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ). This is several times larger than the total world energy consumption, which was 559.8 EJ in 2012.


Question: What is solar energy's yearly potential?

Answer: 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ)

The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity. <hl> The United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ) . <hl> This is several times larger than the total world energy consumption, which was 559.8 EJ in 2012.

The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity. The United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was <hl> 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ) <hl>. This is several times larger than the total world energy consumption, which was 559.8 EJ in 2012.

The United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was <hl> 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ) <hl> .

question: What is solar energy's yearly potential?, context: The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity. The United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ). This is several times larger than the total world energy consumption, which was 559.8 EJ in 2012.


Question: What makes solar energy an appealing source of electricity>

Answer: The large magnitude of solar energy available

<hl> The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity. <hl> The United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ). This is several times larger than the total world energy consumption, which was 559.8 EJ in 2012.

<hl> The large magnitude of solar energy available <hl> makes it a highly appealing source of electricity. The United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ). This is several times larger than the total world energy consumption, which was 559.8 EJ in 2012.

question: What makes solar energy an appealing source of electricity>, context: The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity. The United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ). This is several times larger than the total world energy consumption, which was 559.8 EJ in 2012.


Question: Who estimated the annual potential of solar energy in 2000?

Answer: The United Nations Development Programme

The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity. <hl> The United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ). <hl> This is several times larger than the total world energy consumption, which was 559.8 EJ in 2012.

The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity. <hl> The United Nations Development Programme <hl> in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ). This is several times larger than the total world energy consumption, which was 559.8 EJ in 2012.

question: Who estimated the annual potential of solar energy in 2000?, context: The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity. The United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ). This is several times larger than the total world energy consumption, which was 559.8 EJ in 2012.


Question: How will solar energy increase energy security?

Answer: through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource

In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. <hl> It will increase countries’ energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource , enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating global warming, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise. <hl> These advantages are global. Hence the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment should be considered learning investments; they must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared".

In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase countries’ energy security <hl> through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource <hl>, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating global warming, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise. These advantages are global. Hence the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment should be considered learning investments; they must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared".

It will increase countries’ energy security <hl> through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource <hl> , enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating global warming, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise.

question: How will solar energy increase energy security?, context: In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase countries’ energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating global warming, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise. These advantages are global. Hence the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment should be considered learning investments; they must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared".


Question: What costs will solar energy lower?

Answer: the costs of mitigating global warming

In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. <hl> It will increase countries’ energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating global warming , and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise. <hl> These advantages are global. Hence the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment should be considered learning investments; they must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared".

In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase countries’ energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower <hl> the costs of mitigating global warming <hl>, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise. These advantages are global. Hence the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment should be considered learning investments; they must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared".

It will increase countries’ energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower <hl> the costs of mitigating global warming <hl> , and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise.

question: What costs will solar energy lower?, context: In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase countries’ energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating global warming, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise. These advantages are global. Hence the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment should be considered learning investments; they must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared".


Question: What should the cost of incentives for producing solar energy be considered?

Answer: learning investments

In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase countries’ energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating global warming, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise. These advantages are global. <hl> Hence the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment should be considered learning investments ; they must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared". <hl>

In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase countries’ energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating global warming, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise. These advantages are global. Hence the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment should be considered <hl> learning investments <hl>; they must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared".

Hence the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment should be considered <hl> learning investments <hl> ; they must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared".

question: What should the cost of incentives for producing solar energy be considered?, context: In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase countries’ energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating global warming, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise. These advantages are global. Hence the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment should be considered learning investments; they must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared".


Question: What effect will solar energy have on the price of fossil fuels?

Answer: keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise

In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. <hl> It will increase countries’ energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating global warming, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise . <hl> These advantages are global. Hence the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment should be considered learning investments; they must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared".

In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase countries’ energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating global warming, and <hl> keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise <hl>. These advantages are global. Hence the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment should be considered learning investments; they must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared".

It will increase countries’ energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating global warming, and <hl> keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise <hl> .

question: What effect will solar energy have on the price of fossil fuels?, context: In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase countries’ energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating global warming, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise. These advantages are global. Hence the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment should be considered learning investments; they must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared".


Question: Why does the amount of usable solar energy differ from the amount near the planets surface?

Answer: geography, time variation, cloud cover, and the land available to humans

<hl> The potential solar energy that could be used by humans differs from the amount of solar energy present near the surface of the planet because factors such as geography, time variation, cloud cover, and the land available to humans limits the amount of solar energy that we can acquire. <hl>

The potential solar energy that could be used by humans differs from the amount of solar energy present near the surface of the planet because factors such as <hl> geography, time variation, cloud cover, and the land available to humans <hl> limits the amount of solar energy that we can acquire.

question: Why does the amount of usable solar energy differ from the amount near the planets surface?, context: The potential solar energy that could be used by humans differs from the amount of solar energy present near the surface of the planet because factors such as geography, time variation, cloud cover, and the land available to humans limits the amount of solar energy that we can acquire.


Question: Why does geography have an effect of the amount of solar energy available?

Answer: areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation

<hl> Geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation . <hl> However, the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator. Time variation effects the potential of solar energy because during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb. This limits the amount of energy that solar panels can absorb in one day. Cloud cover can effect the potential of solar panels because clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells.

Geography effects solar energy potential because <hl> areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation <hl>. However, the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator. Time variation effects the potential of solar energy because during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb. This limits the amount of energy that solar panels can absorb in one day. Cloud cover can effect the potential of solar panels because clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells.

Geography effects solar energy potential because <hl> areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation <hl> .

question: Why does geography have an effect of the amount of solar energy available?, context: Geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation. However, the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator. Time variation effects the potential of solar energy because during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb. This limits the amount of energy that solar panels can absorb in one day. Cloud cover can effect the potential of solar panels because clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells.


Question: What is the process called that can increase solar energy in areas further away from the earth's equator?

Answer: photovoltaics

Geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation. <hl> However, the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator. <hl> Time variation effects the potential of solar energy because during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb. This limits the amount of energy that solar panels can absorb in one day. Cloud cover can effect the potential of solar panels because clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells.

Geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation. However, the use of <hl> photovoltaics <hl> that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator. Time variation effects the potential of solar energy because during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb. This limits the amount of energy that solar panels can absorb in one day. Cloud cover can effect the potential of solar panels because clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells.

question: What is the process called that can increase solar energy in areas further away from the earth's equator?, context: Geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation. However, the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator. Time variation effects the potential of solar energy because during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb. This limits the amount of energy that solar panels can absorb in one day. Cloud cover can effect the potential of solar panels because clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells.


Question: Why does time have an effect of the amount of available solar energy?

Answer: during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb

Geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation. However, the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator. <hl> Time variation effects the potential of solar energy because during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb . <hl> This limits the amount of energy that solar panels can absorb in one day. Cloud cover can effect the potential of solar panels because clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells.

Geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation. However, the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator. Time variation effects the potential of solar energy because <hl> during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb <hl>. This limits the amount of energy that solar panels can absorb in one day. Cloud cover can effect the potential of solar panels because clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells.

Time variation effects the potential of solar energy because <hl> during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb <hl> .

question: Why does time have an effect of the amount of available solar energy?, context: Geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation. However, the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator. Time variation effects the potential of solar energy because during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb. This limits the amount of energy that solar panels can absorb in one day. Cloud cover can effect the potential of solar panels because clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells.


Question: What effect does cloud coverage have on the amount of solar energy available?

Answer: clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells

Geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation. However, the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator. Time variation effects the potential of solar energy because during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb. This limits the amount of energy that solar panels can absorb in one day. <hl> Cloud cover can effect the potential of solar panels because clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells . <hl>

Geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation. However, the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator. Time variation effects the potential of solar energy because during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb. This limits the amount of energy that solar panels can absorb in one day. Cloud cover can effect the potential of solar panels because <hl> clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells <hl>.

Cloud cover can effect the potential of solar panels because <hl> clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells <hl> .

question: What effect does cloud coverage have on the amount of solar energy available?, context: Geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation. However, the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator. Time variation effects the potential of solar energy because during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb. This limits the amount of energy that solar panels can absorb in one day. Cloud cover can effect the potential of solar panels because clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells.


Question: Why does land availability have an effect on solar energy?

Answer: solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels

<hl> In addition, land availability has a large effect on the available solar energy because solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels . <hl> Roofs have been found to be a suitable place for solar cells, as many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their homes this way. Other areas that are suitable for solar cells are lands that are unowned by businesses where solar plants can be established.

In addition, land availability has a large effect on the available solar energy because <hl> solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels <hl>. Roofs have been found to be a suitable place for solar cells, as many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their homes this way. Other areas that are suitable for solar cells are lands that are unowned by businesses where solar plants can be established.

In addition, land availability has a large effect on the available solar energy because <hl> solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels <hl> .

question: Why does land availability have an effect on solar energy?, context: In addition, land availability has a large effect on the available solar energy because solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels. Roofs have been found to be a suitable place for solar cells, as many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their homes this way. Other areas that are suitable for solar cells are lands that are unowned by businesses where solar plants can be established.


Question: Why are roofs a good place for solar panels?

Answer: many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their homes this way

In addition, land availability has a large effect on the available solar energy because solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels. <hl> Roofs have been found to be a suitable place for solar cells, as many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their homes this way . <hl> Other areas that are suitable for solar cells are lands that are unowned by businesses where solar plants can be established.

In addition, land availability has a large effect on the available solar energy because solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels. Roofs have been found to be a suitable place for solar cells, as <hl> many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their homes this way <hl>. Other areas that are suitable for solar cells are lands that are unowned by businesses where solar plants can be established.

Roofs have been found to be a suitable place for solar cells, as <hl> many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their homes this way <hl> .

question: Why are roofs a good place for solar panels?, context: In addition, land availability has a large effect on the available solar energy because solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels. Roofs have been found to be a suitable place for solar cells, as many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their homes this way. Other areas that are suitable for solar cells are lands that are unowned by businesses where solar plants can be established.


Question: What factors were taken into account in the estimate published in 2000 on solar energy?

Answer: insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans

<hl> In 2000, the United Nations Development Programme, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and World Energy Council published an estimate of the potential solar energy that could be used by humans each year that took into account factors such as insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans . <hl> The estimate found that solar energy has a global potential of 1,575–49,837 EJ per year (see table below).

In 2000, the United Nations Development Programme, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and World Energy Council published an estimate of the potential solar energy that could be used by humans each year that took into account factors such as <hl> insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans <hl>. The estimate found that solar energy has a global potential of 1,575–49,837 EJ per year (see table below).

In 2000, the United Nations Development Programme, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and World Energy Council published an estimate of the potential solar energy that could be used by humans each year that took into account factors such as <hl> insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans <hl> .

question: What factors were taken into account in the estimate published in 2000 on solar energy?, context: In 2000, the United Nations Development Programme, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and World Energy Council published an estimate of the potential solar energy that could be used by humans each year that took into account factors such as insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans. The estimate found that solar energy has a global potential of 1,575–49,837 EJ per year (see table below).


Question: What was the total potential of solar energy found in the estimate?

Answer: 1,575–49,837 EJ per year

In 2000, the United Nations Development Programme, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and World Energy Council published an estimate of the potential solar energy that could be used by humans each year that took into account factors such as insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans. <hl> The estimate found that solar energy has a global potential of 1,575–49,837 EJ per year (see table below). <hl>

In 2000, the United Nations Development Programme, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and World Energy Council published an estimate of the potential solar energy that could be used by humans each year that took into account factors such as insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans. The estimate found that solar energy has a global potential of <hl> 1,575–49,837 EJ per year <hl> (see table below).

question: What was the total potential of solar energy found in the estimate?, context: In 2000, the United Nations Development Programme, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and World Energy Council published an estimate of the potential solar energy that could be used by humans each year that took into account factors such as insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans. The estimate found that solar energy has a global potential of 1,575–49,837 EJ per year (see table below).


Question: What is solar power?

Answer: conversion of sunlight into electricity

<hl> Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity , either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). <hl> CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.

Solar power is the <hl> conversion of sunlight into electricity <hl>, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.

Solar power is the <hl> conversion of sunlight into electricity <hl> , either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP).

question: What is solar power?, context: Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.


Question: How is sunlight converted into electricity?

Answer: either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP)

<hl> Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP) . <hl> CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.

Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, <hl> either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP) <hl>. CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.

Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, <hl> either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP) <hl> .

question: How is sunlight converted into electricity?, context: Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.


Question: What does a concentrated solar power system use?

Answer: lenses or mirrors and tracking systems

Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). <hl> CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. <hl> PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.

Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP systems use <hl> lenses or mirrors and tracking systems <hl> to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.

question: What does a concentrated solar power system use?, context: Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.


Question: What is the purpose of a concentrated solar power system?

Answer: focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam

Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). <hl> CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam . <hl> PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.

Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to <hl> focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam <hl>. PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.

CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to <hl> focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam <hl> .

question: What is the purpose of a concentrated solar power system?, context: Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.


Question: What method does the photovoltaics system use to turn light into electricity?

Answer: photoelectric effect

Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. <hl> PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect . <hl>

Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. PV converts light into electric current using the <hl> photoelectric effect <hl>.

PV converts light into electric current using the <hl> photoelectric effect <hl> .

question: What method does the photovoltaics system use to turn light into electricity?, context: Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.


Question: What has influenced the design since the beginning of architectural history?

Answer: Sunlight

<hl> Sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history. <hl> Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the Greeks and Chinese, who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth.

<hl> Sunlight <hl> has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history. Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the Greeks and Chinese, who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth.

question: What has influenced the design since the beginning of architectural history?, context: Sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history. Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the Greeks and Chinese, who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth.


Question: Who first utilized solar architecture?

Answer: Greeks and Chinese

Sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history. <hl> Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the Greeks and Chinese , who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth. <hl>

Sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history. Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the <hl> Greeks and Chinese <hl>, who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth.

Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the <hl> Greeks and Chinese <hl> , who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth.

question: Who first utilized solar architecture?, context: Sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history. Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the Greeks and Chinese, who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth.


Question: In which direction were the buildings built by the Greeks and Chinese facing?

Answer: toward the south

Sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history. <hl> Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the Greeks and Chinese, who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth. <hl>

Sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history. Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the Greeks and Chinese, who oriented their buildings <hl> toward the south <hl> to provide light and warmth.

question: In which direction were the buildings built by the Greeks and Chinese facing?, context: Sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history. Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the Greeks and Chinese, who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth.


Question: What is a solar balloon?

Answer: a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air

<hl> A solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air . <hl> As sunlight shines on the balloon, the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force, much like an artificially heated hot air balloon. Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited to the toy market as the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high.

A solar balloon is <hl> a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air <hl>. As sunlight shines on the balloon, the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force, much like an artificially heated hot air balloon. Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited to the toy market as the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high.

A solar balloon is <hl> a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air <hl> .

question: What is a solar balloon?, context: A solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air. As sunlight shines on the balloon, the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force, much like an artificially heated hot air balloon. Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited to the toy market as the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high.


Question: What happens when sunlight shines on a solar balloon?

Answer: the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force

A solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air. <hl> As sunlight shines on the balloon, the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force , much like an artificially heated hot air balloon. <hl> Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited to the toy market as the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high.

A solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air. As sunlight shines on the balloon, <hl> the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force <hl>, much like an artificially heated hot air balloon. Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited to the toy market as the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high.

As sunlight shines on the balloon, <hl> the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force <hl> , much like an artificially heated hot air balloon.

question: What happens when sunlight shines on a solar balloon?, context: A solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air. As sunlight shines on the balloon, the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force, much like an artificially heated hot air balloon. Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited to the toy market as the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high.


Question: What is the use of solar balloons typically limited to?

Answer: the toy market

A solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air. As sunlight shines on the balloon, the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force, much like an artificially heated hot air balloon. <hl> Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited to the toy market as the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high. <hl>

A solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air. As sunlight shines on the balloon, the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force, much like an artificially heated hot air balloon. Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited to <hl> the toy market <hl> as the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high.

question: What is the use of solar balloons typically limited to?, context: A solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air. As sunlight shines on the balloon, the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force, much like an artificially heated hot air balloon. Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited to the toy market as the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high.


Question: Why is the use of solar balloons typically limited to the toy market?

Answer: the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high

A solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air. As sunlight shines on the balloon, the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force, much like an artificially heated hot air balloon. <hl> Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited to the toy market as the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high . <hl>

A solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air. As sunlight shines on the balloon, the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force, much like an artificially heated hot air balloon. Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited to the toy market as <hl> the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high <hl>.

Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited to the toy market as <hl> the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high <hl> .

question: Why is the use of solar balloons typically limited to the toy market?, context: A solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air. As sunlight shines on the balloon, the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force, much like an artificially heated hot air balloon. Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited to the toy market as the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high.


Question: Why was solar technology developed in the 1860s?

Answer: driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce

Beginning with the surge in coal use which accompanied the Industrial Revolution, energy consumption has steadily transitioned from wood and biomass to fossil fuels. <hl> The early development of solar technologies starting in the 1860s was driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce . <hl> However, development of solar technologies stagnated in the early 20th century in the face of the increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum.

Beginning with the surge in coal use which accompanied the Industrial Revolution, energy consumption has steadily transitioned from wood and biomass to fossil fuels. The early development of solar technologies starting in the 1860s was <hl> driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce <hl>. However, development of solar technologies stagnated in the early 20th century in the face of the increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum.

The early development of solar technologies starting in the 1860s was <hl> driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce <hl> .

question: Why was solar technology developed in the 1860s?, context: Beginning with the surge in coal use which accompanied the Industrial Revolution, energy consumption has steadily transitioned from wood and biomass to fossil fuels. The early development of solar technologies starting in the 1860s was driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce. However, development of solar technologies stagnated in the early 20th century in the face of the increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum.


Question: What slowed the development of solar technologies in the early 20th century?

Answer: increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum

Beginning with the surge in coal use which accompanied the Industrial Revolution, energy consumption has steadily transitioned from wood and biomass to fossil fuels. The early development of solar technologies starting in the 1860s was driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce. <hl> However, development of solar technologies stagnated in the early 20th century in the face of the increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum . <hl>

Beginning with the surge in coal use which accompanied the Industrial Revolution, energy consumption has steadily transitioned from wood and biomass to fossil fuels. The early development of solar technologies starting in the 1860s was driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce. However, development of solar technologies stagnated in the early 20th century in the face of the <hl> increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum <hl>.

However, development of solar technologies stagnated in the early 20th century in the face of the <hl> increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum <hl> .

question: What slowed the development of solar technologies in the early 20th century?, context: Beginning with the surge in coal use which accompanied the Industrial Revolution, energy consumption has steadily transitioned from wood and biomass to fossil fuels. The early development of solar technologies starting in the 1860s was driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce. However, development of solar technologies stagnated in the early 20th century in the face of the increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum.


Question: According to a report in 2011, by what year could solar energy provide a third of the world's energy?

Answer: 2060

<hl> In 2011, a report by the International Energy Agency found that solar energy technologies such as photovoltaics, solar hot water and concentrated solar power could provide a third of the world’s energy by 2060 if politicians commit to limiting climate change. <hl> The energy from the sun could play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters. "The strength of solar is the incredible variety and flexibility of applications, from small scale to big scale".

In 2011, a report by the International Energy Agency found that solar energy technologies such as photovoltaics, solar hot water and concentrated solar power could provide a third of the world’s energy by <hl> 2060 <hl> if politicians commit to limiting climate change. The energy from the sun could play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters. "The strength of solar is the incredible variety and flexibility of applications, from small scale to big scale".

question: According to a report in 2011, by what year could solar energy provide a third of the world's energy?, context: In 2011, a report by the International Energy Agency found that solar energy technologies such as photovoltaics, solar hot water and concentrated solar power could provide a third of the world’s energy by 2060 if politicians commit to limiting climate change. The energy from the sun could play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters. "The strength of solar is the incredible variety and flexibility of applications, from small scale to big scale".


Question: What could the sun's energy do to help limit climate change?

Answer: could play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters

In 2011, a report by the International Energy Agency found that solar energy technologies such as photovoltaics, solar hot water and concentrated solar power could provide a third of the world’s energy by 2060 if politicians commit to limiting climate change. <hl> The energy from the sun could play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters . <hl> "The strength of solar is the incredible variety and flexibility of applications, from small scale to big scale".

In 2011, a report by the International Energy Agency found that solar energy technologies such as photovoltaics, solar hot water and concentrated solar power could provide a third of the world’s energy by 2060 if politicians commit to limiting climate change. The energy from the sun <hl> could play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters <hl>. "The strength of solar is the incredible variety and flexibility of applications, from small scale to big scale".

The energy from the sun <hl> could play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters <hl> .

question: What could the sun's energy do to help limit climate change?, context: In 2011, a report by the International Energy Agency found that solar energy technologies such as photovoltaics, solar hot water and concentrated solar power could provide a third of the world’s energy by 2060 if politicians commit to limiting climate change. The energy from the sun could play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters. "The strength of solar is the incredible variety and flexibility of applications, from small scale to big scale".


Question: What are some of the empires and dynasties that have also ruled over this land?

Answer: Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire

The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. <hl> The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire . <hl> As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow.

The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the <hl> Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire <hl>. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow.

The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the <hl> Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire <hl> .

question: What are some of the empires and dynasties that have also ruled over this land?, context: The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow.