Answer: five

Context: Arsenal finished in either first or second place in the league in eight of Wenger's first eleven seasons at the club, although on no occasion were they able to retain the title. As of July 2013, they were one of only five teams, the others being Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, and Manchester City, to have won the Premier League since its formation in 1992. Arsenal had never progressed beyond the quarter-finals of the Champions League until 2005–06; in that season they became the first club from London in the competition's fifty-year history to reach the final, in which they were beaten 2–1 by Barcelona. In July 2006, they moved into the Emirates Stadium, after 93 years at Highbury.

Question: Including Arsenal, how many teams had won the Premier League up to 2013?


Answer: 1992

Question: In what year was the Premier League created?


Answer: Barcelona

Question: What team defeated Arsenal in the finals of the Champions League in 2005-2006 season?


Answer: Emirates Stadium

Question: To what stadium did Arsenal FC move in 2006?


Answer: 93

Question: For how many years did Arsenal play at Highbury?


Answer: Chelsea

Context: Arsenal reached the final of the 2007 and 2011 League Cups, losing 2–1 to Chelsea and Birmingham City respectively. The club had not gained a major trophy since the 2005 FA Cup until 17 May 2014, when Arsenal beat Hull City in the 2014 FA Cup Final, coming back from a 2–0 deficit to win the match 3–2. This qualified them for the 2014 FA Community Shield where they would play Premier League champions Manchester City. They recorded a resounding 3–0 win in the game, winning their second trophy in three months. Nine months after their Community Shield triumph, Arsenal appeared in the FA Cup final for the second year in a row, thrashing Aston Villa 4–0 in the final and becoming the most successful club in the tournament's history with 12 titles. On 2 August 2015, Arsenal beat Chelsea 1–0 at Wembley Stadium to retain the Community Shield and earn their 14th Community Shield title.

Question: What famous team defeated Arsenal for the League Cup in 2007?


Answer: Birmingham City

Question: Who beat Arsenal for the 2011 League Cup>


Answer: 12

Question: How many wins did Arsenal have to make the team the most successful in FA Cup history?


Answer: Chelsea

Question: What team did Arsenal defeat at Wembley in 2015?


Answer: 14

Question: How Community Shield titles does Arsenal have?


Answer: 1888

Context: Unveiled in 1888, Royal Arsenal's first crest featured three cannon viewed from above, pointing northwards, similar to the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich (nowadays transferred to the coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich). These can sometimes be mistaken for chimneys, but the presence of a carved lion's head and a cascabel on each are clear indicators that they are cannon. This was dropped after the move to Highbury in 1913, only to be reinstated in 1922, when the club adopted a crest featuring a single cannon, pointing eastwards, with the club's nickname, The Gunners, inscribed alongside it; this crest only lasted until 1925, when the cannon was reversed to point westward and its barrel slimmed down.

Question: In what year did Arsenal first create a crest for the team?


Answer: three cannon

Question: What part of the Arsenal crest is sometimes mistaken for chimneys?


Answer: Highbury

Question: After the team moved to what city were the cannon left off the crest?


Answer: The Gunners

Question: What nickname prompted a return to the canon on the club crest?


Answer: 1925

Question: In what year was the canon image further refined on the Arsenal crest?


Answer: Victoria Concordia Crescit

Context: In 1949, the club unveiled a modernised crest featuring the same style of cannon below the club's name, set in blackletter, and above the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Islington and a scroll inscribed with the club's newly adopted Latin motto, Victoria Concordia Crescit "victory comes from harmony", coined by the club's programme editor Harry Homer. For the first time, the crest was rendered in colour, which varied slightly over the crest's lifespan, finally becoming red, gold and green. Because of the numerous revisions of the crest, Arsenal were unable to copyright it. Although the club had managed to register the crest as a trademark, and had fought (and eventually won) a long legal battle with a local street trader who sold "unofficial" Arsenal merchandise, Arsenal eventually sought a more comprehensive legal protection. Therefore, in 2002 they introduced a new crest featuring more modern curved lines and a simplified style, which was copyrightable. The cannon once again faces east and the club's name is written in a sans-serif typeface above the cannon. Green was replaced by dark blue. The new crest was criticised by some supporters; the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association claimed that the club had ignored much of Arsenal's history and tradition with such a radical modern design, and that fans had not been properly consulted on the issue.

Question: What Latin motto was added to the crest in 1949?


Answer: rendered in colour

Question: In 1949 what new addition was done to enhance the Arsenal club crest?


Answer: trademark

Question: What legal stance did Arsenal use to win a law suit against a merchant?


Answer: 2002

Question: In what year did Arsenal produce a remodeled crest that could be copyrighted?


Answer: fans

Question: Who did Arsenal supporters think should have been consulted before announcing the new crest?


Answer: Art Deco

Context: The monogram theme was developed into an Art Deco-style badge on which the letters A and C framed a football rather than the letter F, the whole set within a hexagonal border. This early example of a corporate logo, introduced as part of Herbert Chapman's rebranding of the club in the 1930s, was used not only on Cup Final shirts but as a design feature throughout Highbury Stadium, including above the main entrance and inlaid in the floors. From 1967, a white cannon was regularly worn on the shirts, until replaced by the club crest, sometimes with the addition of the nickname "The Gunners", in the 1990s.

Question: What style of logo did Chapman introduce in the 1930s?


Answer: corporate logo

Question: Of what is the early logo of Arsenal an example?


Answer: Highbury Stadium

Question: Where is the Art Deco style badge design used prominently?


Answer: The Gunners

Question: What Arsenal club nickname sometimes appeared on club shirts?


Answer: 1990s

Question: When was the white canon logo replaced with the club crest?


Answer: 125th year anniversary

Context: In the 2011–12 season, Arsenal celebrated their 125th year anniversary. The celebrations included a modified version of the current crest worn on their jerseys for the season. The crest was all white, surrounded by 15 oak leaves to the right and 15 laurel leaves to the left. The oak leaves represent the 15 founding members of the club who met at the Royal Oak pub. The 15 laurel leaves represent the design detail on the six pence pieces paid by the founding fathers to establish the club. The laurel leaves also represent strength. To complete the crest, 1886 and 2011 are shown on either sides of the motto "Forward" at the bottom of the crest.

Question: What celebration did Arsenal have in the 2011-12 season?


Answer: founding members

Question: What do the 15 oak leaves on the anniversary crest indicate?


Answer: 1886 and 2011

Question: What dates are depicted on the Arsenal anniversary crest?


Answer: Forward

Question: What motto is shown on the Arsenal club anniversary crest?


Answer: on their jerseys

Question: Where did the Arsenal team wear the anniversary crest?


Answer: bright red

Context: For much of Arsenal's history, their home colours have been bright red shirts with white sleeves and white shorts, though this has not always been the case. The choice of red is in recognition of a charitable donation from Nottingham Forest, soon after Arsenal's foundation in 1886. Two of Dial Square's founding members, Fred Beardsley and Morris Bates, were former Forest players who had moved to Woolwich for work. As they put together the first team in the area, no kit could be found, so Beardsley and Bates wrote home for help and received a set of kit and a ball. The shirt was redcurrant, a dark shade of red, and was worn with white shorts and socks with blue and white hoops.

Question: What has the color of the Arsenal home shirts been?


Answer: charitable donation

Question: In recognition of what event was the color red adopted for Arsenal shirts?


Answer: Dial Square

Question: What was the early name for the Arsenal FC?


Answer: Fred Beardsley and Morris Bates

Question: Which founding members were responsible for the red shirts?


Answer: white

Question: What was the color of the early uniforms' shorts and socks?


Answer: Herbert Chapman

Context: In 1933, Herbert Chapman, wanting his players to be more distinctly dressed, updated the kit, adding white sleeves and changing the shade to a brighter pillar box red. Two possibilities have been suggested for the origin of the white sleeves. One story reports that Chapman noticed a supporter in the stands wearing a red sleeveless sweater over a white shirt; another was that he was inspired by a similar outfit worn by the cartoonist Tom Webster, with whom Chapman played golf. Regardless of which story is true, the red and white shirts have come to define Arsenal and the team have worn the combination ever since, aside from two seasons. The first was 1966–67, when Arsenal wore all-red shirts; this proved unpopular and the white sleeves returned the following season. The second was 2005–06, the last season that Arsenal played at Highbury, when the team wore commemorative redcurrant shirts similar to those worn in 1913, their first season in the stadium; the club reverted to their normal colours at the start of the next season. In the 2008–09 season, Arsenal replaced the traditional all-white sleeves with red sleeves with a broad white stripe.

Question: What manager updated the players uniforms in 1933?


Answer: pillar box red

Question: What brighter shade of red did Chapman adopt?


Answer: white sleeves

Question: What distinctive change did Chapman make to the Arsenal shirts?


Answer: red and white

Question: For what style of shirts Arsenal known ?


Answer: first season

Question: What did Arsenal want to commemorate by wearing dark red shirts in their last season at Highbury?


Answer: Sparta Prague

Context: Arsenal's home colours have been the inspiration for at least three other clubs. In 1909, Sparta Prague adopted a dark red kit like the one Arsenal wore at the time; in 1938, Hibernian adopted the design of the Arsenal shirt sleeves in their own green and white strip. In 1920, Sporting Clube de Braga's manager returned from a game at Highbury and changed his team's green kit to a duplicate of Arsenal's red with white sleeves and shorts, giving rise to the team's nickname of Os Arsenalistas. These teams still wear those designs to this day.

Question: What early team copied the Arsenal's red current color in 1909?


Answer: Hibernian

Question: What team in 1938 used the same style of kit, but in green?


Answer: Os Arsenalistas

Question: By coping the Arsenal team kit exactly, what nickname was given to Sporting Clube de Braga?


Answer: to this day

Question: For how long have the Arsenal inspired copy-cat clubs worn their uniforms?


Answer: green

Question: What was Sporting Clube de Braga's original color?


Answer: 1969–70 season

Context: For many years Arsenal's away colours were white shirts and either black or white shorts. In the 1969–70 season, Arsenal introduced an away kit of yellow shirts with blue shorts. This kit was worn in the 1971 FA Cup Final as Arsenal beat Liverpool to secure the double for the first time in their history. Arsenal reached the FA Cup final again the following year wearing the red and white home strip and were beaten by Leeds United. Arsenal then competed in three consecutive FA Cup finals between 1978 and 1980 wearing their "lucky" yellow and blue strip, which remained the club's away strip until the release of a green and navy away kit in 1982–83. The following season, Arsenal returned to the yellow and blue scheme, albeit with a darker shade of blue than before.

Question: During what season were Arsenal's away colors white shirts and white or black shorts?


Answer: 1969–70 season

Question: When did Arsenal adolpt the away colors or yellow shirts and blue shorts?


Answer: 1971 FA Cup Final

Question: For what competition did Arsenal use the yellow and blue away kit?


Answer: lucky

Question: What did Arsenal consider the yellow and blue colors to be after losing a FA Cup final wearing red and white?


Answer: darker shade

Question: What is the difference in the Arsenal color of blue in the away kit after 1983?


Answer: Nike

Context: When Nike took over from Adidas as Arsenal's kit provider in 1994, Arsenal's away colours were again changed to two-tone blue shirts and shorts. Since the advent of the lucrative replica kit market, the away kits have been changed regularly, with Arsenal usually releasing both away and third choice kits. During this period the designs have been either all blue designs, or variations on the traditional yellow and blue, such as the metallic gold and navy strip used in the 2001–02 season, the yellow and dark grey used from 2005 to 2007, and the yellow and maroon of 2010 to 2013. As of 2009, the away kit is changed every season, and the outgoing away kit becomes the third-choice kit if a new home kit is being introduced in the same year.

Question: What manufacturer became Arsenal's uniform provider in 1994?


Answer: Adidas

Question: Which brand was the kit provider prior to 1994?


Answer: replica kit market

Question: To appeal to what are the kits changed regularly?


Answer: yellow and blue

Question: What traditional Arsenal colors have frequently been employed for away kits?


Answer: 2009

Question: Since what year has the away kit been changed every year?


Answer: May 2006

Context: Widely referred to as Highbury, Arsenal Stadium was the club's home from September 1913 until May 2006. The original stadium was designed by the renowned football architect Archibald Leitch, and had a design common to many football grounds in the UK at the time, with a single covered stand and three open-air banks of terracing. The entire stadium was given a massive overhaul in the 1930s: new Art Deco West and East stands were constructed, opening in 1932 and 1936 respectively, and a roof was added to the North Bank terrace, which was bombed during the Second World War and not restored until 1954.

Question: When did Arsenal FC leave Highbury stadium?


Answer: September 1913

Question: When did Arsenal Stadium at Highbury first become the club's home?


Answer: Archibald Leitch

Question: What architect designed the original stadium at Highbury?


Answer: 1930s

Question: In what decade was Arsenal Stadium overhauled?


Answer: Second World War

Question: When was the Arsenal stadium bombed?


Answer: 60,000

Context: Highbury could hold more than 60,000 spectators at its peak, and had a capacity of 57,000 until the early 1990s. The Taylor Report and Premier League regulations obliged Arsenal to convert Highbury to an all-seater stadium in time for the 1993–94 season, thus reducing the capacity to 38,419 seated spectators. This capacity had to be reduced further during Champions League matches to accommodate additional advertising boards, so much so that for two seasons, from 1998 to 2000, Arsenal played Champions League home matches at Wembley, which could house more than 70,000 spectators.

Question: What was the most people that Highbury stadium could host?


Answer: 1993–94 season

Question: When did League regulations make Arsenal reduce the seating in Highbury?


Answer: Wembley

Question: Where did Arsenal play matches because of increased seating capacity?


Answer: 1998 to 2000

Question: During what time did Arsenal play at Wembley?


Answer: 70,000

Question: What seating capacity did Wembley offer that have to lure Arsenal to play there?


Answer: 2000

Context: Expansion of Highbury was restricted because the East Stand had been designated as a Grade II listed building and the other three stands were close to residential properties. These limitations prevented the club from maximising matchday revenue during the 1990s and first decade of the 21st century, putting them in danger of being left behind in the football boom of that time. After considering various options, in 2000 Arsenal proposed building a new 60,361-capacity stadium at Ashburton Grove, since named the Emirates Stadium, about 500 metres south-west of Highbury. The project was initially delayed by red tape and rising costs, and construction was completed in July 2006, in time for the start of the 2006–07 season. The stadium was named after its sponsors, the airline company Emirates, with whom the club signed the largest sponsorship deal in English football history, worth around £100 million; some fans referred to the ground as Ashburton Grove, or the Grove, as they did not agree with corporate sponsorship of stadium names. The stadium will be officially known as Emirates Stadium until at least 2028, and the airline will be the club's shirt sponsor until the end of the 2018–19 season. From the start of the 2010–11 season on, the stands of the stadium have been officially known as North Bank, East Stand, West Stand and Clock end.

Question: When did Arsenal offer a plan to build a new stadium at Ashburton Grove?


Answer: Emirates Stadium

Question: By what name was the new Arsenal stadium finally known?


Answer: £100 million

Question: What was the amount of the Emirates airline company deal?


Answer: corporate sponsorship

Question: Of what facet of stadium naming do some fans disapprove?


Answer: sponsorship deal

Question: What type of agreement is the deal with Emirates ?


Answer: Gooners

Context: Arsenal fans often refer to themselves as "Gooners", the name derived from the team's nickname, "The Gunners". The fanbase is large and generally loyal, and virtually all home matches sell out; in 2007–08 Arsenal had the second-highest average League attendance for an English club (60,070, which was 99.5% of available capacity), and, as of 2015, the third-highest all-time average attendance. Arsenal have the seventh highest average attendance of European football clubs only behind Borussia Dortmund, FC Barcelona, Manchester United, Real Madrid, Bayern Munich, and Schalke. The club's location, adjoining wealthy areas such as Canonbury and Barnsbury, mixed areas such as Islington, Holloway, Highbury, and the adjacent London Borough of Camden, and largely working-class areas such as Finsbury Park and Stoke Newington, has meant that Arsenal's supporters have come from a variety of social classes.

Question: What is the common nickname of Arsenal supporters?


Answer: The Gunners

Question: From what name does Gooners come?


Answer: variety of social classes

Question: From what groups do the supporters of Arsenal come?


Answer: second-highest average

Question: Where did the attendance at Arsenal games rank in relation to other English clubs?


Answer: location

Question: What aspect of the fan base is one of the reasons for large game attendance?


Answer: domestic supporters' clubs

Context: Like all major English football clubs, Arsenal have a number of domestic supporters' clubs, including the Arsenal Football Supporters' Club, which works closely with the club, and the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association, which maintains a more independent line. The Arsenal Supporters' Trust promotes greater participation in ownership of the club by fans. The club's supporters also publish fanzines such as The Gooner, Gunflash and the satirical Up The Arse!. In addition to the usual English football chants, supporters sing "One-Nil to the Arsenal" (to the tune of "Go West").

Question: What type of clubs does Arsenal have?


Answer: Arsenal Football Supporters' Club

Question: Which fan club is closely allied to the Arsenal club?


Answer: Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association

Question: What supporters club is more loosely tied to Arsenal?


Answer: Arsenal Supporters' Trust

Question: What fan group wants more ownership rights in the Arsenal club?


Answer: One-Nil to the Arsenal

Question: What is a common chant of Arsenal supporters?


Answer: satellite television

Context: There have always been Arsenal supporters outside London, and since the advent of satellite television, a supporter's attachment to a football club has become less dependent on geography. Consequently, Arsenal have a significant number of fans from beyond London and all over the world; in 2007, 24 UK, 37 Irish and 49 other overseas supporters clubs were affiliated with the club. A 2011 report by SPORT+MARKT estimated Arsenal's global fanbase at 113 million. The club's social media activity was the fifth highest in world football during the 2014–15 season.

Question: What medium has added to the fan base of Arsenal?


Answer: 49

Question: How many supporter clubs outside Britain were there in 2007 affiliated with Arsenal?


Answer: 113 million

Question: In 2011 what was Arsenal's estimated fan base?


Answer: fifth highest

Question: What was the world ranking of Arsenal's social media in 2015-15 season?


Answer: geography

Question: In this era of satelites and social media,on what are fans now less dependent ?


Answer: Tottenham Hotspur

Context: Arsenal's longest-running and deepest rivalry is with their nearest major neighbours, Tottenham Hotspur; matches between the two are referred to as North London derbies. Other rivalries within London include those with Chelsea, Fulham and West Ham United. In addition, Arsenal and Manchester United developed a strong on-pitch rivalry in the late 1980s, which intensified in recent years when both clubs were competing for the Premier League title – so much so that a 2003 online poll by the Football Fans Census listed Manchester United as Arsenal's biggest rivals, followed by Tottenham and Chelsea. A 2008 poll listed the Tottenham rivalry as more important.

Question: What football club is Arsenal's greatest rival?


Answer: North London derbies

Question: Since the Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspurs are geographically so close , what is the contest between them called?


Answer: Manchester United

Question: What club has Arsenal have an increased rivalry since the 1980s?


Answer: Premier League title

Question: What competition sparked the rivalry with Manchester?


Answer: 2008

Question: What year's poll of supporters said that the Tottenham rivalry was greatest?


Answer: Stan Kroenke

Context: The largest shareholder on the Arsenal board is American sports tycoon Stan Kroenke. Kroenke first launched a bid for the club in April 2007, and faced competition for shares from Red and White Securities, which acquired its first shares off David Dein in August 2007. Red & White Securities was co-owned by Russian billionaire Alisher Usmanov and Iranian London-based financier Farhad Moshiri, though Usmanov bought Moshiri's stake in 2016. Kroenke came close to the 30% takeover threshold in November 2009, when he increased his holding to 18,594 shares (29.9%). In April 2011, Kroenke achieved a full takeover by purchasing the shareholdings of Nina Bracewell-Smith and Danny Fiszman, taking his shareholding to 62.89%. As of June 2015, Kroenke owns 41,698 shares (67.02%) and Red & White Securities own 18,695 shares (30.04%). Ivan Gazidis has been the club's Chief Executive since 2009.

Question: What individual is the biggest shareholder on the Arsenal board?


Answer: 62.89%

Question: What percentage of shares in Arsenal did Kroenke own by 2011?


Answer: Ivan Gazidis

Question: Who is Arsenal's Chief Executive?


Answer: Red & White Securities

Question: Who is Kroenke's chief competitor for Arsenal stock?


Answer: April 2011

Question: In what year did Kreonke achieve take over of Arsenal stock?


Answer: non-quoted public limited

Context: Arsenal's parent company, Arsenal Holdings plc, operates as a non-quoted public limited company, whose ownership is considerably different from that of other football clubs. Only 62,217 shares in Arsenal have been issued, and they are not traded on a public exchange such as the FTSE or AIM; instead, they are traded relatively infrequently on the ICAP Securities and Derivatives Exchange, a specialist market. On 10 March 2016, a single share in Arsenal had a mid price of £15,670, which sets the club's market capitalisation value at approximately £975m. Most football clubs aren't listed on an exchange, which makes direct comparisons of their values difficult. Business magazine Forbes valued Arsenal as a whole at $1.3 billion in 2015. Consultants Brand Finance valued the club's brand and intangible assets at $703m in 2015, and consider Arsenal an AAA global brand. Research by the Henley Business School modelled the club's value at £1.118 billion in 2015, the second highest in the Premier League.

Question: By what means does Arsenal operate as a company?


Answer: 62,217

Question: How many shares of Arsenal stock are there?


Answer: £15,670

Question: On March 10,2016 what was the value of a share of Arsenal stock?


Answer: $1.3 billion

Question: What value did Forbes place on Arsenal in 2015?


Answer: second highest

Question: At what rank in value in the Premier League is Arsenal?


Answer: seventh

Context: Arsenal's financial results for the 2014–15 season show group revenue of £344.5m, with a profit before tax of £24.7m. The footballing core of the business showed a revenue of £329.3m. The Deloitte Football Money League is a publication that homogenizes and compares clubs' annual revenue. They put Arsenal's footballing revenue at £331.3m (€435.5m), ranking Arsenal seventh among world football clubs. Arsenal and Deloitte both list the match day revenue generated by the Emirates Stadium as £100.4m, more than any other football stadium in the world.

Question: Where does Deloitte Football Money League rank Arsenal in the world football clubs?


Answer: £331.3m

Question: What value does Deloitte place on Arsenal?


Answer: £100.4m

Question: What is the match day earning of Emirates Stadium?


Answer: more

Question: How does Arsenal match day revenue compare with other stadium in the world?


Answer: £24.7m

Question: What does Arsenal report a before tax profit for 2014-15?


Answer: broadcast live on radio

Context: Arsenal have appeared in a number of media "firsts". On 22 January 1927, their match at Highbury against Sheffield United was the first English League match to be broadcast live on radio. A decade later, on 16 September 1937, an exhibition match between Arsenal's first team and the reserves was the first football match in the world to be televised live. Arsenal also featured in the first edition of the BBC's Match of the Day, which screened highlights of their match against Liverpool at Anfield on 22 August 1964. BSkyB's coverage of Arsenal's January 2010 match against Manchester United was the first live public broadcast of a sports event on 3D television.

Question: Why was Arsenal's match on 22 Jan. 1927 at Highbury a first?


Answer: Sheffield United

Question: What team did Arsenal play at the time of the radio broadcast in 1927?


Answer: 16 September 1937

Question: When was Arsenal's match the first to be televised live?


Answer: BBC's Match of the Day

Question: To what first broadcast did Arsenal provide match highlights?


Answer: 3D television

Question: In what form was Arsenal's broadcast of a 2010 match against Manchester United?


Answer: The Arsenal Stadium Mystery

Context: As one of the most successful teams in the country, Arsenal have often featured when football is depicted in the arts in Britain. They formed the backdrop to one of the earliest football-related films, The Arsenal Stadium Mystery (1939). The film centres on a friendly match between Arsenal and an amateur side, one of whose players is poisoned while playing. Many Arsenal players appeared as themselves and manager George Allison was given a speaking part. More recently, the book Fever Pitch by Nick Hornby was an autobiographical account of Hornby's life and relationship with football and Arsenal in particular. Published in 1992, it formed part of the revival and rehabilitation of football in British society during the 1990s. The book was twice adapted for the cinema – the 1997 British film focuses on Arsenal's 1988–89 title win, and a 2005 American version features a fan of baseball's Boston Red Sox.

Question: In what film was Arsenal FC shown?


Answer: George Allison

Question: What Arsenal manager had a speaking part in the 1939 film?


Answer: Fever Pitch

Question: What book by Nick Hornby has twice been adapted for film?


Answer: 1992

Question: When was Hornby's book published?


Answer: 1990s

Question: In what decade did film and literature help revive football in Britain?


Answer: defensive and "boring"

Context: Arsenal have often been stereotyped as a defensive and "boring" side, especially during the 1970s and 1980s; many comedians, such as Eric Morecambe, made jokes about this at the team's expense. The theme was repeated in the 1997 film The Full Monty, in a scene where the lead actors move in a line and raise their hands, deliberately mimicking the Arsenal defence's offside trap, in an attempt to co-ordinate their striptease routine. Another film reference to the club's defence comes in the film Plunkett & Macleane, in which two characters are named Dixon and Winterburn after Arsenal's long-serving full backs – the right-sided Lee Dixon and the left-sided Nigel Winterburn.

Question: How have Arsenal players portrayed in media?


Answer: 1970s and 1980s

Question: In what decades were Arsenal players stereotyped in a negative way?


Answer: The Full Monty

Question: What film featured a Arsenal play in derogatory way?


Answer: Eric Morecambe

Question: Which comic made numerous jokes about Arsenal players?


Answer: Plunkett & Macleane

Question: What film uses characters named after Arsenal full backs?


Answer: 13

Context: Arsenal's tally of 13 League Championships is the third highest in English football, after Manchester United (20) and Liverpool (18), and they were the first club to reach 8 League Championships. They hold the highest number of FA Cup trophies, 12. The club is one of only six clubs to have won the FA Cup twice in succession, in 2002 and 2003, and 2014 and 2015. Arsenal have achieved three League and FA Cup "Doubles" (in 1971, 1998 and 2002), a feat only previously achieved by Manchester United (in 1994, 1996 and 1999). They were the first side in English football to complete the FA Cup and League Cup double, in 1993. Arsenal were also the first London club to reach the final of the UEFA Champions League, in 2006, losing the final 2–1 to Barcelona.

Question: How many League Championships has Arsenal won?


Answer: third highest

Question: Where does Arsenal's total League Championships place it as compared to other English teams?


Answer: FA Cup trophies

Question: Of what type of trophies does Arsenal have the most?


Answer: UEFA Champions League

Question: In what competition was Arsenal the first to enter the finals?


Answer: Barcelona

Question: What team beat Arsenal to win the 2006 UEFA Champions League?


Answer: Boreham Wood.

Context: Arsenal Ladies are the women's football club affiliated to Arsenal. Founded in 1987, they turned semi-professional in 2002 and are managed by Clare Wheatley. Arsenal Ladies are the most successful team in English women's football. In the 2008–09 season, they won all three major English trophies – the FA Women's Premier League, FA Women's Cup and FA Women's Premier League Cup, and, as of 2009, were the only English side to have won the UEFA Women's Cup, having done so in the 2006–07 season as part of a unique quadruple. The men's and women's clubs are formally separate entities but have quite close ties; Arsenal Ladies are entitled to play once a season at the Emirates Stadium, though they usually play their home matches at Boreham Wood.

Question: At what stadium do Arsenal Ladies usually play?


Answer: UEFA Women's Cup

Question: By 2009 what competition has Arsenal Ladies been the only ladies team to have won?


Answer: 2002

Question: When did the Arsenal Ladies team become semi-professional?


Answer: most successful

Question: How does Arsenal Ladies rank as compared with other English women's football teams?


Answer: Arsenal Ladies

Question: What is the name of the football club affiliated with Arsenal?


Answer: Suriname

Context: Outside of the Low Countries, it is the native language of the majority of the population of Suriname, and also holds official status in the Caribbean island nations of Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten. Historical minorities on the verge of extinction remain in parts of France and Germany, and in Indonesia,[n 1] while up to half a million native speakers may reside in the United States, Canada and Australia combined.[n 2] The Cape Dutch dialects of Southern Africa have evolved into Afrikaans, a mutually intelligible daughter language[n 3] which is spoken to some degree by at least 16 million people, mainly in South Africa and Namibia.[n 4]

Question: In what place with the word "name" in it do most people speak Dutch?


Answer: Aruba

Question: Islands in the Caribbean that include Dutch as an official language include Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and what other place?


Answer: half a million

Question: It's been estimated that up to what number of native Dutch speakers live in Australia, the U.S., and Canada?


Answer: Afrikaans

Question: In Southern Africa, Dutch has developed over many years into what daughter language?


Answer: 16 million

Question: What the low estimate for the number of people who speak Afrikaans?


Answer: German and English

Context: Dutch is one of the closest relatives of both German and English[n 5] and is said to be roughly in between them.[n 6] Dutch, like English, has not undergone the High German consonant shift, does not use Germanic umlaut as a grammatical marker, has largely abandoned the use of the subjunctive, and has levelled much of its morphology, including the case system.[n 7] Features shared with German include the survival of three grammatical genders—albeit with few grammatical consequences[n 8]—as well as the use of modal particles, final-obstruent devoicing, and a similar word order.[n 9] Dutch vocabulary is mostly Germanic and incorporates more Romance loans than German but fewer than English.[n 10]

Question: Which two languages does Dutch most closely resemble?


Answer: umlaut

Question: Which Germanic accent mark do both the English and the Dutch language not use?


Answer: three

Question: Unlike English, both German and Dutch use how many genders in their grammar?


Answer: subjunctive

Question: Which verb tense have both English and Dutch mostly gotten rid of?


Answer: more

Question: Does Dutch borrow more or less from Romance languages for its vocabulary than German?


Answer: Flemish

Context: While Dutch generally refers to the language as a whole, Belgian varieties are sometimes collectively referred to as Flemish. In both Belgium and the Netherlands, the native official name for Dutch is Nederlands, and its dialects have their own names, e.g. Hollands "Hollandish", West-Vlaams "Western Flemish", Brabants "Brabantian". The use of the word Vlaams ("Flemish") to describe Standard Dutch for the variations prevalent in Flanders and used there, however, is common in the Netherlands and Belgium.

Question: What are variations on Dutch used in Belgium sometimes called?


Answer: Nederlands

Question: What is the Dutch language officially called in the Netherlands?


Answer: Vlaams

Question: What would someone in Belgium call the variation of Dutch spoken in Flanders?


Answer: Hollands

Question: What is the Dutch name for the "Hollandish" dialect of the language?


Answer: Western Flemish

Question: If "Vlaams" is "Flemish," what would English speakers call "West-Vlaams"?


Answer: theudisk

Context: The Dutch language has been known under a variety of names. In Middle Dutch, which was a collection of dialects, dietsc was used in Flanders and Brabant, while diets or duutsc was in use in the Northern Netherlands. It derived from the Old Germanic word theudisk, one of the first names ever used for the non-Romance languages of Western Europe, meaning (pertaining to the language) of the people, that is, the native Germanic language. The term was used as opposed to Latin, the non-native language of writing and the Catholic Church. In the first text in which it is found, dating from 784, it refers to the Germanic dialects of Britain. In the Oaths of Strasbourg (842) it appeared as teudisca to refer to the Germanic (Rhenish Franconian) portion of the oath.

Question: What Old Germanic term was used to describe the non-Romance languages that developed in Europe?


Answer: Latin

Question: What language was used for writing and by the Catholic Church instead of the language "of the people"?


Answer: 784

Question: The word "theudisk" was first found in a text from what year?


Answer: 842

Question: What year were the Oaths of Strasbourg written?


Answer: teudisca

Question: What word was used in the Oaths of Strasbourg for the oath's Germanic section?


Answer: 16th

Context: Until roughly the 16th century, speakers of all the varieties of the West Germanic languages from the mouth of the Rhine to the Alps had been accustomed to refer to their native speech as Dietsch, (Neder)duyts or some other cognate of theudisk. This let inevitably to confusion since similar terms referred to different languages. Therefore, in the 16th century, a differentiation took place. Owing to Dutch commercial and colonial rivalry in the 16th and 17th centuries, the English term came to refer exclusively to the Dutch. A notable exception is Pennsylvania Dutch, which is a West Central German variety called Deitsch by its speakers. Jersey Dutch, on the other hand, as spoken until the 1950s in New Jersey, is a Dutch-based creole.

Question: In what century was a differentiation made to clear up confusion about West Germanic languages?


Answer: Pennsylvania Dutch

Question: What West Central German dialect of Dutch contains the name of a U.S. state?


Answer: Deitsch

Question: What's the native Pennsylvania Dutch word for the language?


Answer: 1950s

Question: In what decade did people in New Jersey stop speaking Jersey Dutch?


Answer: 19th

Context: In Dutch itself, Diets went out of common use - although Platdiets is still used for the transitional Limburgish-Ripuarian dialects in the north-east of Belgium. Nederlands, the official Dutch word for "Dutch", did not become firmly established until the 19th century. This designation had been in use as far back as the end of the 15th century, but received competition from the more popular terminology Nederduits, "Low Dutch", for several reasons. One of them was it reflected a distinction with Hoogduits, "High Dutch", meaning the language spoken in Germany. The Hoog was later dropped, and thus, Duits narrowed down in meaning to refer to the German language.

Question: Dutch people didn't have an officially established word for the "Dutch" language until what century?


Answer: Nederduits

Question: What word meaning "Low Dutch" was sometimes used to distinguish Dutch from Germany's language?


Answer: Hoogduits

Question: Instead of "German," what word used to refer to the language of the country of Germany?


Answer: High Dutch

Question: What does "Hoogduits" translate to in English?


Answer: Duits

Question: Now that "Nederlands" is used for Dutch in Dutch, what do Dutch speakers call German?


Answer: Nederduits

Context: The term Nederduits, however introduced new confusion, since the non standardised dialects spoken in the north of Germany came to be known as Niederdeutsch as well, and thus the Duits reference in the name was dropped, leading to Nederlands as designation to refer to the Dutch language. The repeated use of Neder (or "low") to refer to the Dutch language is a reference to the Netherlands' downriver location at the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta near the North Sea, harking back to Latin nomenclature, e.g. Germania Inferior. See also: Netherlands (toponymy).

Question: What was the new word for Dutch that still caused some confusion with the language spoken in Germany?


Answer: low

Question: What does the word "Neder" translate to in English?


Answer: Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta

Question: The Netherlands are "low" because of their placement near what delta by the North Sea?


Answer: Latin

Question: What language started the trend of referring to the Netherlands as "Germania Inferior"?


Answer: north

Question: "Nederduits" often caused people to mix up the language of the Netherlands with that spoken in what directional area of Germany?


Answer: Three

Context: Three Germanic dialects were originally spoken in the Low Countries: Frisian in the north and along the western coast; Saxon in the east (contiguous with the Low German area); and Franconian in the centre and south. It is the Franconian dialects that is designated as Old Dutch, and that would develop in Middle Dutch and later Modern Dutch. The division in these development phases is mostly conventional, since the transition between them was very gradual. One of the few moments linguists can detect somewhat of a revolution is when the Dutch standard language emerged and quickly established itself. The development of the Dutch language is illustrated by the following sentence in Old, Middle and Modern Dutch:

Question: How many different versions of a Germanic language were spoken in the Low Countries?


Answer: Saxon

Question: Which Germanic dialect was spoken in the eastern region?


Answer: Franconian

Question: Which dialects are referred to as "Old Dutch"?


Answer: gradual

Question: Was the transition from Old Dutch to Modern Dutch gradual, or did it happen quickly?


Answer: Frisian

Question: Which Germanic dialect was spoken in the north and west of the Low Countries?


Answer: Indo-European

Context: Within the Indo-European language tree, Dutch is grouped within the Germanic languages, which means it shares a common ancestor with languages such as English, German, and Scandinavian languages. All Germanic languages are united by subjection to the sound shifts of Grimm's law and Verner's law which originated in the Proto-Germanic language and define the basic differentiating features from other Indo-European languages. This assumed to have originated in approximately the mid-first millennium BCE in Iron Age northern Europe.

Question: Which language tree groups Dutch with English?


Answer: Germanic

Question: What group of languages have to comply with Grimm's law?


Answer: Iron Age

Question: In what age did the sound patterns that distinguish Germanic languages develop?


Answer: Verner's law

Question: Along with Grimm's law, what's the other rule for Germanic-sounding speech called?


Answer: common ancestor

Question: What does a language need to share with the group in order to be classified as Germanic?


Answer: three

Context: The Germanic languages are traditionally divided into three groups: West, East and North Germanic. They remained mutually intelligible throughout the Migration Period. Dutch is together with English and German part of the West Germanic group, that is characterized by a number of phonological and morphological innovations not found in North and East Germanic. The West Germanic varieties of the time are generally split into three dialect groups: Ingvaeonic (North Sea Germanic), Istvaeonic (Weser-Rhine Germanic) and Irminonic (Elbe Germanic). It appears that the Frankish tribes fit primarily into the Istvaeonic dialect group with certain Ingvaeonic influences towards the northwest, still seen in modern Dutch.

Question: Into how many groups are Germanic languages usually split?


Answer: the Migration Period

Question: In what historical period did the different types of Germanic languages stop being collectively understood?


Answer: West Germanic

Question: What group of Germanic languages includes Dutch, English, and German?


Answer: Ingvaeonic

Question: What's the West Germanic dialect spoken in the North Sea region called?


Answer: Istvaeonic

Question: Which dialect group included most Frankish tribes?


Answer: Franconian

Context: A Frankish identity emerged and so did their Frankish or Franconian language. The language itself is poorly attested. A notable exception is the Bergakker inscription, found near the Dutch city of Tiel, which may represent a primary record of 5th-century Frankish. Although some placenames recorded in Roman texts could arguably be considered as the oldest "Dutch" single words, like vadam (modern Dutch: wad, English: "mudflat"), the Bergakker inscription yields the oldest evidence of Dutch morphology, but there is no consensus on the interpretation of the rest of the text.

Question: What's another term for "Frankish"?


Answer: Tiel

Question: What city is closest to the Bergakker inscription?


Answer: 5th

Question: To which century do some researchers attribute the Bergakker inscription?


Answer: vadam

Question: What word found in Roman writings became "wad" in modern Dutch?


Answer: mudflat

Question: What does the Dutch word "wad" mean in English?


Answer: Anglo-Frisian

Context: Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The latter would as a consequence evolve with Allemanic into Old High German. At more or less the same time the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law led to the development of Old Saxon, Old Frisian (Anglo-Frisian) and Old English (Anglo-Saxon). Hardly influenced by either development, Old Dutch remained close to the original language of the Franks, the people that would rule Europe for centuries. The language however, did experienced developments on its own, like final-obstruent devoicing in a very early stage. In fact, by judging from the find at Bergakker, it would seem that the language already experienced this characteristic during the Old Frankish period.

Question: What's another name for Old Frisian?


Answer: Anglo-Saxon

Question: What's another name for Old English?


Answer: Old Dutch

Question: What language stayed very similar to the language spoken by Franks?


Answer: Old Frankish

Question: What period is the Bergakker inscription from that shows characteristics of the Old Dutch language?


Answer: Old Low Franconian

Question: What's another name for Old Dutch that demonstrates its difference from German Franconian?


Answer: rare

Context: Attestations of Old Dutch sentences are extremely rare. The oldest one first recorded has been found in the Salic law. From this Frankish document written around 510 the oldest sentence has been identified as Dutch: Maltho thi afrio lito (I say to you, I free you, serf) used to free a serf. Another old fragment of Dutch is Visc flot aftar themo uuatare (A fish was swimming in the water). The oldest conserved larger Dutch text is the Utrecht baptismal vow (776-800) starting with Forsachistu diobolae [...] ec forsacho diabolae (Do you forsake the devil? [...] I forsake the devil). Probably the most famous sentence Hebban olla vogala nestas hagunnan, hinase hic enda tu, wat unbidan we nu (All birds have started making nests, except me and you, what are we waiting for), is dated around the year 1100, written by a Flemish monk in a convent in Rochester, England.

Question: Are written records of Old Dutch rare or common?


Answer: the Salic law

Question: What Frankish document contains the oldest recorded instance of Dutch?


Answer: fish

Question: What creature is swimming in the Dutch phrase "Visc flot aftar themo uuatare"?


Answer: Rochester, England

Question: Where did the monk who wrote the most famous Old Dutch sentence live?


Answer: the Utrecht baptismal vow

Question: What historically significant Dutch document begins with the phrase "Forsachistu diobolae"?


Answer: Old Dutch

Context: Old Dutch naturally evolved into Middle Dutch. The year 1150 is often cited as the time of the discontinuity, but it actually marks a time of profuse Dutch writing and during this period a rich Medieval Dutch literature developed. There was at that time no overarching standard language; Middle Dutch is rather a collective name for a number of closely related dialects whose ancestor was Old Dutch. But they were all mutually intelligible. In fact, since Dutch is a rather conservative language, the various literary works of that time today are often very readable for modern-day speakers.

Question: What language did Middle Dutch come from?


Answer: 1150

Question: What year do some researchers say marked the point when Old Dutch morphed?


Answer: closely related dialects

Question: Rather than a single language, what group sharing origins in Old Dutch does the term "Middle Dutch" refer to?


Answer: readable

Question: Would a text written in Middle Dutch be readable or unintelligible for a Dutch speaker today?


Answer: Burgundian Ducal Court

Context: A process of standardisation started in the Middle Ages, especially under the influence of the Burgundian Ducal Court in Dijon (Brussels after 1477). The dialects of Flanders and Brabant were the most influential around this time. The process of standardisation became much stronger at the start of the 16th century, mainly based on the urban dialect of Antwerp. In 1585 Antwerp fell to the Spanish army: many fled to the Northern Netherlands, where the Dutch Republic declared its independence from Spain. They particularly influenced the urban dialects of the province of Holland. In 1637, a further important step was made towards a unified language, when the Statenvertaling, the first major Bible translation into Dutch, was created that people from all over the new republic could understand. It used elements from various, even Dutch Low Saxon, dialects but was predominantly based on the urban dialects of Holland of post 16th century.

Question: What court in Dijon prior to 1477 had a hand in standardizing Dutch?


Answer: Flanders and Brabant

Question: Which two Dutch dialects had the greatest influence in the Middle Ages?


Answer: 16th

Question: Which century marked great progress in Dutch standardization brought on by Antwerp?


Answer: 1585

Question: What year did the Spanish conquer Antwerp?


Answer: Statenvertaling

Question: What was the first Dutch Bible translation called?


Answer: Southern Netherlands

Context: In the Southern Netherlands (now Belgium and Luxembourg) developments were different. Under Spanish, then Austrian, and then French rule standardisation of Dutch language came to a standstill. The state, law, and increasingly education used French, yet more than half the Belgian population were speaking a Dutch dialect. In the course of the nineteenth century the Flemish movement stood up for the rights of Dutch, mostly called Flemish. But in competing with the French language the variation in dialects was a serious disadvantage. Since standardisation is a lengthy process, Dutch-speaking Belgium associated itself with the standard language that had already developed in the Netherlands over the centuries. Therefore, the situation in Belgium is essentially no different from that in the Netherlands, although there are recognisable differences in pronunciation, comparable to the pronunciation differences between standard British and standard American English. In 1980 the Netherlands and Belgium concluded the Language Union Treaty. This treaty lays down the principle that the two countries must gear their language policy to each other, among other things, for a common system of spelling.

Question: What was the old name for the geographical region that's now Belgium and Luxembourg?


Answer: French

Question: What people ruled the Southern Netherlands after the Austrians?


Answer: 1980

Question: What year did the Netherlands and Belgium agree on a treaty to accommodate each other's language?


Answer: Language Union Treaty

Question: What was the name of the treaty that brought the dialects of Belgium and the Netherlands together?


Answer: American English

Question: The commonality between Dutch spoken by people in the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking Belgium can be compared to the relationship between British English and what language?


Answer: Limburgish

Context: Dutch belongs to its own West Germanic sub-group, West Low Franconian, paired with its sister language Limburgish, or East Low Franconian. Closest relative is the mutual intelligible daughter language Afrikaans. Other West Germanic languages related to Dutch are German, English and the Frisian languages, and the non standardised languages Low German and Yiddish. Dutch stands out in combining a small degree of Ingvaeonic characteristics (occurring consistently in English and Frisian and reduced in intensity from 'west to east' over the continental West Germanic plane) with mostly Istvaeonic characteristics, of which some of them are also incorporated in German. Unlike German, Dutch (apart from Limburgish) has not been influenced at all by the 'south to north' movement of the High German sound shift, and had some changes of its own. The cumulation of these changes resulted over time in separate, but related standard languages with various degrees of similarities and differences between them. For a comparison between the West Germanic languages, see the sections Morphology, Grammar and Vocabulary.

Question: What's the "cheesy" name for East Low Franconian?


Answer: Afrikaans

Question: What language has the most in common with the East Low Franconian dialect of Dutch?


Answer: Frisian

Question: Along with German and English, what standardized West Germanic language is similar to Dutch?


Answer: Low German

Question: Non-standardized languages similar to Dutch include Yiddish and what other West Germanic language?


Answer: German

Question: As opposed to Dutch, what language was influenced by the High German sound shift?


Answer: Dutch Low Saxon

Context: In the east there is a Dutch Low Saxon dialect area, comprising the provinces of Groningen, Drenthe and Overijssel, and parts of the province of Gelderland as well. The IJssel river roughly forms the linguistic watershed here. This group, though not being Low Franconian and being close to the neighbouring Low German, is regarded as Dutch, because of a number of reasons. From the 14th to 15th century onward, its urban centers (Deventer, Zwolle and Kampen as well as Zutphen and Doesburg) have been increasingly influenced by the western written Dutch and became a linguistically mixed area. From the 17th century onward, it was gradually integrated into the Dutch language area. In other words, this group is Dutch synchronically but not diachronically.[citation needed]

Question: What dialect of Dutch is spoken in Drenthe?


Answer: IJssel

Question: What's the name of the river that marks a dialect divide in the Netherlands?


Answer: Dutch

Question: Although Dutch Low Saxon is similar to Low German, it's synchronically included with which language?


Answer: Gelderland

Question: Which Dutch province is only partially comprised of speakers of Dutch low Saxon?


Answer: 14th to 15th century

Question: When did cities like Diventer and Zutphen start becoming more linguistically diverse?


Answer: Geert Driessen

Context: Dutch dialects and regional languages are not spoken as often as they used to be. Recent research by Geert Driessen shows that the use of dialects and regional languages among both Dutch adults and youth is in heavy decline. In 1995, 27 percent of the Dutch adult population spoke a dialect or regional language on a regular basis, while in 2011 this was no more than 11 percent. In 1995, 12 percent of the primary school aged children spoke a dialect or regional language, while in 2011 this had declined to 4 percent. Of the three officially recognized regional languages Limburgish is spoken most (in 2011 among adults 54%, among children 31%) and Dutch Low Saxon least (adults 15%, children 1%); Frisian occupies a middle position (adults 44%, children 22%).

Question: What organization researched the use of regional Dutch dialects and found their usage declining?


Answer: 27

Question: What percentage of adults in the Netherlands spoke a dialect or regional language in 1995?


Answer: 4 percent

Question: How many primary school aged children were found to speak a dialect or regional language by 2011?


Answer: Limburgish

Question: What's the most commonly spoken regional language in the Netherlands?


Answer: 44%

Question: In 2011, what percentage of Dutch adults spoke Frisian?


Answer: geld

Context: The different dialects show many sound shifts in different vowels (even shifting between diphthongs and monophthongs), and in some cases consonants also shift pronunciation. For example, an oddity of West Flemings (and to a lesser extent, East Flemings) is that, the voiced velar fricative (written as "g" in Dutch) shifts to a voiced glottal fricative (written as "h" in Dutch), while the letter "h" in West Flemish becomes mute (just like in French). As a result, when West Flemish try to talk Standard Dutch, they're often unable to pronounce the g-sound, and pronounce it similar to the h-sound. This leaves f.e. no difference between "held" (hero) and "geld" (money). Or in some cases, they are aware of the problem, and hyper-correct the "h" into a voiced velar fricative or g-sound, again leaving no difference.

Question: What's the Dutch word for "money"?


Answer: "h"

Question: West Flemings pronounce the Dutch "g" as a voiced glottal frivative, which would be represented by what letter in standard Dutch?


Answer: French

Question: What other European language has a mute "h" like the West Flemings do?


Answer: held

Question: What word that means "hero" would a West Fleming speaker probably pronounce the same as "geld"?


Answer: g-sound

Question: If a West Fleming speaker were being extra careful to avoid the silent "h," they might over-correct into what sound?


Answer: nee

Context: Next to sound shifts, there are ample examples of suffix differences. Often simple suffix shifts (like switching between -the, -ske, -ke, -je, ...), sometimes the suffixes even depend on quite specific grammar rules for a certain dialect. Again taking West Flemish as an example. In that language, the words "ja" (yes) and "nee" (no) are also conjugated to the (often implicit) subject of the sentence. These separate grammar rules are a lot more difficult to imitate correctly than simple sound shifts, making it easy to recognise people who didn't grow up in a certain region, even decades after they moved.

Question: What's the West Flemish word for "no"?


Answer: ja

Question: How would you tell a West Flemish speaker "yes"?


Answer: subject

Question: What piece of a sentence does West Flemish match the case of a "yes" or "no" to?


Answer: easy

Question: Would linguistic differences make it difficult or easy to point out someone who moved from a different region of the Netherlands?


Answer: sound shifts

Question: Which is easier for a non-native speaker to imitate: grammar rules or sound shifts?


Answer: West Flemish

Context: Some Flemish dialects are so distinct that they might be considered as separate language variants, although the strong significance of language in Belgian politics would prevent the government from classifying them as such. West Flemish in particular has sometimes been considered a distinct variety. Dialect borders of these dialects do not correspond to present political boundaries, but reflect older, medieval divisions. The Brabantian dialect group, for instance, also extends to much of the south of the Netherlands, and so does Limburgish. West Flemish is also spoken in Zeelandic Flanders (part of the Dutch province of Zeeland), and by older people in French Flanders (a small area that borders Belgium).

Question: What Dutch dialect is so distinct that it's often considered a language variant?


Answer: political boundaries

Question: What kind of governmental boundary does dialect distribution transcend, reflecting medieval divisions?


Answer: Zeeland

Question: What province is Zeelandic Flanders in?


Answer: French Flanders

Question: What area that abuts Belgium still has some older people who speak West Flemish?


Answer: Brabantian

Question: Along with Limburgish, what other Dutch dialect is spoken down into a lot of the southern Netherlands?


Answer: West Frisian

Context: Many native speakers of Dutch, both in Belgium and the Netherlands, assume that Afrikaans and West Frisian are dialects of Dutch but are considered separate and distinct from Dutch: a daughter language and a sister language, respectively. Afrikaans evolved mainly from 17th century Dutch dialects, but had influences from various other languages in South Africa. However, it is still largely mutually intelligible with Dutch. (West) Frisian evolved from the same West Germanic branch as Old English and is less akin to Dutch.

Question: What dialect is considered a sister language to Dutch?


Answer: Afrikaans

Question: Which Dutch dialect is so distinct that it's often called a daughter language?


Answer: 17th

Question: Afrikaans is mostly derived from the Dutch spoken in what century?


Answer: South Africa

Question: The Dutch influence on Afrikaans was seasoned with languages from what country?


Answer: mutually intelligible

Question: What two-word phrase describes the relationship whereby Dutch and Afrikaans speakers can understand each other?


Answer: 59%

Context: In Europe, Dutch is the majority language in the Netherlands (96%) and Belgium (59%) as well as a minority language in Germany and northern France's French Flanders, where it is in the ultimate stage of language death. Though Belgium as a whole is multilingual, the two regions into which the country is divided (Flanders, francophone Wallonia, bilingual Brussels and small 'facility' zones) are largely monolingual. The Netherlands and Belgium produce the vast majority of music, films, books and other media written or spoken in Dutch. Dutch is a monocentric language, with all speakers using the same standard form (authorized by the Dutch Language Union) based on a Dutch orthography employing the Latin alphabet when writing. In stark contrast to its written uniformity, Dutch lacks a prestige dialect and has a large dialectal continuum consisting of 28 main dialects, which can themselves be further divided into at least 600 distinguishable varieties.

Question: What percentage of people in Belgium speak Dutch?


Answer: the Netherlands

Question: What country in Europe has the highest percentage of Dutch speakers?


Answer: French Flanders

Question: What region in France is experiencing Dutch language death?


Answer: Dutch Language Union

Question: What's the name of the institution that ensures Dutch is monocentric?


Answer: 28

Question: How many different major dialects of Dutch are there?


Answer: Kleve

Context: Outside of the Netherlands and Belgium, the dialect around the German town of Kleve (South Guelderish) both historically and genetically belongs to the Dutch language. In Northeastern France, the area around Calais was historically Dutch-speaking (West Flemish) of which an estimated 20,000 daily speakers. The cities of Dunkirk, Gravelines and Bourbourg only became predominantly French-speaking by the end of the 19th century. In the countryside, until World War I, many elementary schools continued to teach in Dutch, and the Catholic Church continued to preach and teach the catechism in Flemish in many parishes.

Question: What town in Germany has always had mostly Dutch speakers?


Answer: 20,000

Question: About how many people around Calais, France speak Dutch every day?


Answer: 19th

Question: It took until the end of what century for people in French cities like Gravelines to finally switch over to French from Dutch?


Answer: the Catholic Church

Question: Which church often preached in Flemish prior to World War I?


Answer: Northeastern France

Question: In what area of France is Calais located?


Answer: Prussia

Context: During the second half of the 19th century Dutch was banned from all levels of education by both Prussia and France and lost most of its functions as a cultural language. In both Germany and France the Dutch standard language is largely absent and speakers of these Dutch dialects will use German or French in everyday speech. Dutch is not afforded legal status in France or Germany, either by the central or regional public authorities and knowledge of the language is declining among younger generations.

Question: In what country other than France did Dutch lose most of it usage in the 19th century?


Answer: German or French

Question: In France and Germany, what languages will often be substituted by native speakers of Dutch dialects?


Answer: younger generations

Question: In what segment of the population is the decline in usage of Dutch most prominent?


Answer: Germany

Question: Other than France, what country does not give Dutch legal status as a language?


Answer: Dutch

Question: What language did France and Prussia ban from use in education in the late 19th century?


Answer: 300,000

Context: As a foreign language, Dutch is mainly taught in primary and secondary schools in areas adjacent to the Netherlands and Flanders. In French-speaking Belgium, over 300,000 pupils are enrolled in Dutch courses, followed by over 23,000 in the German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia, and about 7,000 in the French region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais (of which 4,550 are in primary school). At an academic level, the largest number of faculties of neerlandistiek can be found in Germany (30 universities), followed by France (20 universities) and the United Kingdom (5 universities).

Question: About how many students in Belgium are studying Dutch?


Answer: 4,550

Question: How many primary school students are learning Dutch in Nord-Pas-de-Calais?


Answer: Germany

Question: What country has the most universities offering courses in neerlandistiek?


Answer: 20

Question: How many universities in France offer neerlandistiek courses?


Answer: Lower Saxony

Question: Besides North Rhine-Westphalia, which German state has the most pupils of Dutch?


Answer: almost 350 years

Context: Despite the Dutch presence in Indonesia for almost 350 years, as the Asian bulk of the Dutch East Indies, the Dutch language has no official status there and the small minority that can speak the language fluently are either educated members of the oldest generation, or employed in the legal profession, as some legal codes are still only available in Dutch. Dutch is taught in various educational centres in Indonesia, the most important of which is the Erasmus Language Centre (ETC) in Jakarta. Each year, some 1,500 to 2,000 students take Dutch courses there. In total, several thousand Indonesians study Dutch as a foreign language. Owing to centuries of Dutch rule in Indonesia, many old documents are written in Dutch. Many universities therefore include Dutch as a source language, mainly for law and history students. In Indonesia this involves about 35,000 students.

Question: For how long have there been Dutch speakers in Indonesia?


Answer: the legal profession

Question: In what profession is Dutch often required in the Dutch East Indies?


Answer: Erasmus Language Centre

Question: What institution in Jakarta still teaches Dutch?


Answer: 35,000

Question: About how many pupils in all of Indonesia study Dutch as part of their coursework?


Answer: history

Question: In addition to students pursuing law degrees, what other course of study often includes Dutch?


Answer: 19th

Context: Unlike other European nations, the Dutch chose not to follow a policy of language expansion amongst the indigenous peoples of their colonies. In the last quarter of the 19th century, however, a local elite gained proficiency in Dutch so as to meet the needs of expanding bureaucracy and business. Nevertheless, the Dutch government remained reluctant to teach Dutch on a large scale for fear of destabilising the colony. Dutch, the language of power, was supposed to remain in the hands of the leading elite.

Question: Towards the end of what century did it become important for more people in Dutch colonies to speak Dutch?


Answer: local elite

Question: What VIP segment of the population in Dutch colonies learned Dutch to participate in business and government?


Answer: destabilising the colony

Question: What was the Dutch government afraid of doing if they taught their colonies Dutch?


Answer: power

Question: Leaders wanted to hang onto knowledge of the Dutch language because it's the language of what?


Answer: Malay

Context: After independence, Dutch was dropped as an official language and replaced by Malay. Yet the Indonesian language inherited many words from Dutch: words for everyday life as well as scientific and technological terms. One scholar argues that 20% of Indonesian words can be traced back to Dutch words, many of which are transliterated to reflect phonetic pronunciation e.g. kantoor (Dutch for "office") in Indonesian is kantor, while bus ("bus") becomes bis. In addition, many Indonesian words are calques on Dutch, for example, rumah sakit (Indonesian for "hospital") is calqued on the Dutch ziekenhuis (literally "house of the sick"), kebun binatang ("zoo") on dierentuin (literally "animal garden"), undang-undang dasar ("constitution") from grondwet (literally "ground law"). These account for some of the differences in vocabulary between Indonesian and Malay.

Question: What became the official language of Indonesia after they declared their independence?


Answer: kantor

Question: What's the Indonesian word for "office"?


Answer: calques

Question: What term describes the literally translated Indonesian versions of Dutch terms that have become standard?


Answer: kebun binatang

Question: What is the Indonesian calque for the Dutch word that literally translates as "animal garden"?


Answer: ziekenhuis

Question: What Dutch word for a hospital was calqued into the Indonesian "rumah sakit"?


Answer: 60

Context: In Suriname today, Dutch is the sole official language, and over 60 percent of the population speaks it as a mother tongue. Dutch is the obligatory medium of instruction in schools in Suriname, even for non-native speakers. A further twenty-four percent of the population speaks Dutch as a second language. Suriname gained its independence from the Netherlands in 1975 and has been an associate member of the Dutch Language Union since 2004. The lingua franca of Suriname, however, is Sranan Tongo, spoken natively by about a fifth of the population.

Question: About what percentage of residents of Suriname speak Dutch?


Answer: Dutch

Question: What language would you hear teachers speak if you attended school in Suriname?


Answer: 1975

Question: When did Suriname officially become independent from the Netherlands?


Answer: 2004

Question: What year did Suriname join the Dutch Language Union?


Answer: Sranan Tongo

Question: What's the common language that around 20% of Suriname's people speak?


Answer: 1921

Context: In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), Skepi (in Essequibo, Guyana) and Negerhollands (in the United States Virgin Islands). Pennsylvania Dutch is not a member of the set of Dutch dialects and is less misleadingly called Pennsylvania German.

Question: What's the year that Jersey Dutch was last spoken, according to records?


Answer: Mohawk Dutch

Question: What Dutch-based language popped up in the area of Albany, New York?


Answer: Pennsylvania German

Question: What's a more accurate name for Pennsylvania Dutch since it's not a Dutch dialect?


Answer: Negerhollands

Question: Which Dutch dialect was once spoken in the U.S. Virgin Islands?


Answer: Guyana

Question: In what country were the Berbice and Skepi dialects spoken?


Answer: 1920s

Context: European Dutch remained the literary language until the start of the 1920s, when under pressure of Afrikaner nationalism the local "African" Dutch was preferred over the written, European-based standard. In 1925, section 137 of the 1909 constitution of the Union of South Africa was amended by Act 8 of 1925, stating "the word Dutch in article 137 [...] is hereby declared to include Afrikaans". The constitution of 1983 only listed English and Afrikaans as official languages. It is estimated that between 90% to 95% of Afrikaans vocabulary is ultimately of Dutch origin.

Question: In what decade did European Dutch yield to the local dialect in South Africa?


Answer: 95%

Question: At the high end, what percentage of Afrikaans words come from Dutch?


Answer: constitution

Question: What South African document from 1983 doesn't list Dutch as an official language?


Answer: 137

Question: What section of the constitution was changed by Act 8 of 1925 to include Afrikaans with Dutch?


Answer: Afrikaner nationalism

Question: What pressure influenced the shift in South Africa from the use of European Dutch in the 1920s?


Answer: Afrikaans speakers

Context: Both languages are still largely mutually intelligible, although this relation can in some fields (such as lexicon, spelling and grammar) be asymmetric, as it is easier for Dutch speakers to understand written Afrikaans than it is for Afrikaans speakers to understand written Dutch. Afrikaans is grammatically far less complex than Dutch, and vocabulary items are generally altered in a clearly patterned manner, e.g. vogel becomes voël ("bird") and regen becomes reën ("rain"). In South Africa, the number of students following Dutch at university, is difficult to estimate, since the academic study of Afrikaans inevitably includes the study of Dutch. Elsewhere in the world, the number of people learning Dutch is relatively small.

Question: Who has a more difficult time understanding the other's language: Dutch speakers or Afrikaans speakers?


Answer: less complex

Question: Is Afrikaans more or less complex compared to Dutch?


Answer: vogel

Question: What's the Dutch word for "bird"?


Answer: reën

Question: What is the Afrikaans word for "rain"?


Answer: difficult

Question: Is it difficult or easy to estimate the number of students in South Africa who study Dutch?


Answer: 13.5%

Context: It is the third language of South Africa in terms of native speakers (~13.5%), of whom 53 percent are Coloureds and 42.4 percent Whites. In 1996, 40 percent of South Africans reported to know Afrikaans at least at a very basic level of communication. It is the lingua franca in Namibia, where it is spoken natively in 11 percent of households. In total, Afrikaans is the first language in South Africa alone of about 6.8 million people and is estimated to be a second language for at least 10 million people worldwide, compared to over 23 million and 5 million respectively, for Dutch.

Question: Approximately what percentage of South Africans are native Afrikaans speakers?


Answer: Namibia

Question: Which country has 11% of households who speak Afrikaans?


Answer: 40 percent

Question: How many of the South Africans surveyed in 1996 said they speak at least a little Afrikaans?


Answer: 6.8 million

Question: About how many South Africans speak Afrikaans as their primary language?


Answer: 5 million

Question: Approximately how many people in the world speak Dutch as a second language?


Answer: velar fricatives

Context: Unlike other Germanic languages, Dutch doesn't have phonological aspiration of consonants. Like English, Dutch did not participate in the second consonant shift. Like most Germanic languages, the Dutch consonant system did not undergo the High German consonant shift and has a syllable structure that allows fairly complex consonant clusters. Dutch also retains full use of the velar fricatives that were present in Proto-Germanic, but lost or modified in many other Germanic languages. Dutch has final-obstruent devoicing: at the end of a word, voicing distinction is neutralised and all obstruents are pronounced voiceless. For example, goede ("good") is /ˈɣudə/ but the related form goed is /ɣut/. Dutch shares with German Final-obstruent devoicing (Du brood [broːt] and German Brot vs Eng bread).

Question: What sound does Dutch still use from Proto-Germanic that was phased out in other Germanic languages?


Answer: the second consonant shift

Question: Along with English, what pronunciation shift did Dutch not undergo?


Answer: voiceless

Question: How are obstruents pronounced at the end of Dutch words?


Answer: goede

Question: How would you say "good" in Dutch?


Answer: German

Question: What language other than Dutch also employs final-obstruent devoicing?


Answer: German

Context: Voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives occurs, although less in Dutch than in German (Du zeven, Germ sieben [z] vs. Eng seven and LG seven [s]), and also the shift in /θ/ > /d/. Dutch shares only with Low German the development of /xs/ > /ss/ (Du vossen, ossen and LG Vösse, Ossen vs. Germ Füchse, Ochsen and Eng foxes, oxen), and also the development of /ft/ → /xt/ though it is far more common in Dutch (Du zacht and LG sacht vs. Germ sanft and Eng soft, but Du kracht vs. LG/Germ kraft and Eng cognate craft).

Question: Is the voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives more common in Dutch or German?


Answer: Dutch

Question: Does the development of /ft/ to /xt/ occur more in Low German or Dutch?


Answer: seven

Question: What number word is spelled the same in English and Low German?


Answer: sieben

Question: What's the German word for "seven"?


Answer: zeven

Question: Although spelled differently, the first consonant of what Dutch word for "seven" is pronounced the same as its German counterpart?


Answer: length

Context: Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phonemic opposition, the long/tense vowels are still realised as phonetically longer than their short counterparts. The changes in vowel quality are also not always the same in all dialects, and in some there may be little difference at all, with length remaining the primary distinguishing feature. And while it is true that older words always pair vowel length with a change in vowel quality, new loanwords have reintroduced phonemic oppositions of length. Compare zonne(n) [ˈzɔnə] ("suns") versus zone [ˈzɔːnə] ("zone") versus zonen [ˈzoːnə(n)] ("sons"), or kroes [krus] ("mug") versus cruise [kruːs] ("cruise").

Question: What quality of Dutch vowels isn't usually recognized as distinctive?


Answer: true

Question: Is it true or false that older Dutch words combine changes in vowel length and vowel quality?


Answer: zonen

Question: How would you say "sons" in Dutch?


Answer: length

Question: Since vowel quality changes might be very slight between dialects, what's the main vowel feature used to differentiate them?


Answer: mug

Question: What does the Dutch word "kroes" mean in English?


Answer: y

Context: Unique to the development of Dutch is the collaps of older ol/ul/al + dental into ol + dental, followed by vocalisation of pre-consonantal /l/ and after a short vowel, creating the diphthong /ɑu/ e.g., Dutch goud, zout and bout corresponds with Low German Gold, Solt, Bolt; German Gold, Salz, Balt and English gold, salt, bold. This is the most common diphthong along with /ɛi œy/. All three are commonly the only ones considered unique phonemes in Dutch. The tendency for native English speakers is to pronounce Dutch names with /ɛi/ (written as ij or ei) as /aɪ/, (like the English vowel y) which does not normally lead to confusion among native listeners, since in a number of dialects (e.g. in Amsterdam) the same pronunciation is heard.

Question: What letter represents the sound native English speakers often use for Dutch names with "ij" or "ei" in them?


Answer: three

Question: How many unique phenomes are usually attributed to Dutch?


Answer: diphthong

Question: What's the term we use for the type of sound made for two vowels in words like the Dutch "goud" or "zout"?


Answer: ol + dental

Question: What pronunciation did the older Dutch ol/ul/al + dental evolve into?


Answer: English Great Vowel Shift

Context: This change is interesting from a sociolinguistic point of view because it has apparently happened relatively recently, in the 1970s, and was pioneered by older well-educated women from the upper middle classes. The lowering of the diphthongs has long been current in many Dutch dialects, and is comparable to the English Great Vowel Shift, and the diphthongisation of long high vowels in Modern High German, which centuries earlier reached the state now found in Polder Dutch. Stroop theorizes that the lowering of open-mid to open diphthongs is a phonetically "natural" and inevitable development and that Dutch, after having diphthongised the long high vowels like German and English, "should" have lowered the diphthongs like German and English as well.

Question: What linguistic event in English could we parallel with the Dutch lowering of diphthongs?


Answer: 1970s

Question: In what decade did the Dutch diphthong lowering occur?


Answer: women

Question: The lowering of diphthongs is intriguing partly because it's associated with what single gender?


Answer: Stroop

Question: What researcher posited that the lowering of diphthongs is "natural"?


Answer: English

Question: Which language, in addition to German, did Stroop use to compare Dutch with when stating that the diphthongs "should" have lowered?


Answer: "intermediate"

Context: Instead, he argues, this development has been artificially frozen in an "intermediate" state by the standardisation of Dutch pronunciation in the 16th century, where lowered diphthongs found in rural dialects were perceived as ugly by the educated classes and accordingly declared substandard. Now, however, in his opinion, the newly affluent and independent women can afford to let that natural development take place in their speech. Stroop compares the role of Polder Dutch with the urban variety of British English pronunciation called Estuary English.

Question: What word did Stroop use to describe the static stage of diphthong pronunciation?


Answer: educated classes

Question: What classes in the 16th century sneered at the pronunciation of Dutch by rural people?


Answer: Estuary English

Question: What distinct kind of British English does Stroop say has a similar function to Polder Dutch?


Answer: standardisation

Question: What phenomenon of Dutch pronunciation was brought about by the attitudes of the elite in the 16th century?


Answer: lowered diphthongs

Question: What specific type of diphthongs were the less educated Dutch speakers in the countryside using in the 16th century?


Answer: three

Context: Standard Dutch uses three genders to differentiate between natural gender and three when discerning grammatical gender. But for most non-Belgian speakers, the masculine and feminine genders have merged to form the common gender (de), while the neuter (het) remains distinct as before. This gender system is similar to those of most Continental Scandinavian languages. As in English, but to a lesser degree, the inflectional grammar of the language (e.g., adjective and noun endings) has simplified over time.

Question: How many genders does standard Dutch use for both natural and grammatical gender?


Answer: the common gender

Question: What gender does the majority of non-Belgian Dutch speakers use instead of the masculine and feminine?


Answer: neuter

Question: Apart from the common gender in non-Belgian Dutch, what other gender do speakers use?


Answer: Continental Scandinavian languages

Question: The common/neuter system used in Dutch is a lot like the system used in what other language category?


Answer: English

Question: In its simplified inflectional grammar, what language is Dutch similar to?


Answer: mijn

Context: The Dutch written grammar has simplified over the past 100 years: cases are now mainly used for the pronouns, such as ik (I), mij, me (me), mijn (my), wie (who), wiens (whose: masculine or neuter singular), wier (whose: feminine singular; masculine, feminine or neuter plural). Nouns and adjectives are not case inflected (except for the genitive of proper nouns (names): -s, -'s or -'). In the spoken language cases and case inflections had already gradually disappeared from a much earlier date on (probably the 15th century) as in many continental West Germanic dialects.

Question: What's the Dutch word for "my"?


Answer: 100 years

Question: Over what span of time have the rules for written Dutch become less complicated?


Answer: pronouns

Question: What part of speech does Dutch mostly use cases for?


Answer: Nouns and adjectives

Question: Which parts of speech aren't normally case-specific in Dutch?


Answer: 15th

Question: In what century long before Dutch did most West Germanic dialects probably lose case inflection?


Answer: genitive

Context: More complex inflection is still found in certain lexicalized expressions like de heer des huizes (literally, the man of the house), etc. These are usually remnants of cases (in this instance, the genitive case which is still used in German, cf. Der Herr des Hauses) and other inflections no longer in general use today. In such lexicalized expressions remnants of strong and weak nouns can be found too, e.g. in het jaar des Heren (Anno Domini), where "-en" is actually the genitive ending of the weak noun. Also in this case, German retains this feature. Though the genitive is widely avoided in speech.

Question: What case no longer used in Dutch is still present in German phrases like "Der Herr des Hauses"?


Answer: de heer des huizes

Question: How would you say "the man of the house" in Dutch?


Answer: lexicalized

Question: What word described standalone expressions that retain some outdated convention as an exception?


Answer: Heren

Question: Which word in the phrase "het jaar des Heren" is a weak noun with a genitive ending added?


Answer: interrogative main clause

Context: In an interrogative main clause the usual word order is: conjugated verb followed by subject; other verbs in final position: "Kun jij je pen niet vinden?" (literally "Can you your pen not find?") "Can't you find your pen?" In the Dutch equivalent of a wh-question the word order is: interrogative pronoun (or expression) + conjugated verb + subject; other verbs in final position: "Waarom kun jij je pen niet vinden?" ("Why can you your pen not find?") "Why can't you find your pen?"" In a tag question the word order is the same as in a declarative clause: "Jij kunt je pen niet vinden?" ("You can your pen not find?") "You can't find your pen?"" A subordinate clause does not change its word order: "Kun jij je pen niet vinden omdat het veel te donker is?" ("Can you your pen not find because it far too dark is?") "Can you not find your pen because it's too dark?""

Question: In what type of Dutch clause does the subject usually follow the conjugated verb?


Answer: a wh-question

Question: What's the English type equivalent for the Dutch word order that is an interrogative pronoun/expression, then a verb followed by a subject?


Answer: declarative clause

Question: What type of clause has the same word order in Dutch as a tag question?


Answer: word order

Question: What never changes in a subordinate clause in Dutch?


Answer: "Can you your pen not find?"

Question: What is the literal translation of the Dutch phrase, "Kun jij je pen niet vinden?"


Answer: moetje

Context: In Dutch, the diminutive is not merely restricted to nouns and exist in numerals (met z'n tweetjes, "the two of us"), pronouns (onderonsje, "tête-à-tête"), verbal particles (moetje, "shotgun marriage"), and even prepositions (toetje, "dessert"). Most notable however, are the diminutive forms of adjectives and adverbs. The former take an diminutive ending and thus functions as a noun, the latter remain adverbs and have always the diminutive with the -s appended, e.g. adjective: groen ("green") → noun: groentje ("rookie"); adverb: even ("just") → adverb: eventjes ("just a minute").

Question: What word do Dutch speakers use for what we call a "shotgun marriage"?


Answer: noun

Question: In Dutch, what part of speech does an adjective with a diminutive ending become?


Answer: adverb

Question: When the diminutive ending "-tjes" is added to the adverb "even," as what part of speech does it function?


Answer: groen

Question: What's the Dutch word for "green"?


Answer: rookie

Question: With the diminutive ending "-tje" added to the Dutch word for "green," what does the new formation translate to in English?


Answer: bloemetje

Context: Some nouns have two different diminutives, each with a different meaning: bloem (flower) → bloempje (lit. "small flower"), but bloemetje (lit. also "small flower", meaning bouquet). A few nouns exist solely in a diminutive form, e.g. zeepaardje (seahorse), while many, e.g. meisje (girl), originally a diminutive of meid (maid), have acquired a meaning independent of their non-diminutive forms. A diminutive can sometimes be added to an uncountable noun to refer to a single portion: ijs (ice, ice cream) → ijsje (ice cream treat, cone of ice cream), bier (beer) → biertje. Some diminutive forms only exist in plural, e.g. kleertjes (clothing).

Question: Which diminutive of "bloem" means a "bouquet"?


Answer: zeepaardje

Question: What's the Dutch word for "seahorse" that has no non-diminutive form?


Answer: meid

Question: What Dutch word did their word for "girl" come from that has a totally different meaning?


Answer: kleertjes

Question: What's the Dutch word for the items like shirts and pants that you wear that only exists in a plural form?


Answer: a single portion

Question: Sometimes uncountable nouns in Dutch get a diminutive ending to make them refer to what, like an ice cream cone?


Answer: English

Context: Like in English, Dutch has generalised the dative over the accusative case for all pronouns, e.g. Du me, je, Eng me, you, vs. Germ mich/mir dich/dir. There is one exception: the standard language prescribes that in the third person plural, hen is to be used for the direct object, and hun for the indirect object. This distinction was artificially introduced in the 17th century by grammarians, and is largely ignored in spoken language and not well understood by Dutch speakers. Consequently, the third person plural forms hun and hen are interchangeable in normal usage, with hun being more common. The shared unstressed form ze is also often used as both direct and indirect objects and is a useful avoidance strategy when people are unsure which form to use.

Question: What language besides Dutch uses the dative case instead of the accusative for pronouns?


Answer: hen

Question: In the lone exception to the dative case, which pronoun is prescribed for the third person plural direct object?


Answer: 17th century

Question: When did the grammarians first draw the line between third person plural pronouns for Dutch?


Answer: hun

Question: Since most Dutch speakers don't bother with the hen/hun rule, which of the two most often gets used?


Answer: ze

Question: When speakers get confused about whether to use hen or hun, what interchangeable unstressed form would they probably use?


Answer: hondenhok

Context: Like most Germanic languages, Dutch forms noun compounds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second (hondenhok = doghouse). Unlike English, where newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces, Dutch (like the other Germanic languages) either uses the closed form without spaces (boomhuis = tree house) or inserts a hyphen (VVD-coryfee = outstanding member of the VVD, a political party). Like German, Dutch allows arbitrarily long compounds, but the longer they get, the less frequent they tend to be.

Question: How would a Dutch speaker say "doghouse"?


Answer: Unlike

Question: Is Dutch like or unlike English in its treatment of compound nouns?


Answer: boomhuis

Question: "Tree house," which is two words in English, would be what single word in Dutch?


Answer: German

Question: What language is like Dutch in allowing compounds to be any length?


Answer: spaces

Question: In English, what usually separates newer compound nouns written in open form?


Answer: 20%

Context: Dutch vocabulary is predominantly Germanic in origin, with an additional share of loanwords of 20%. The main foreign influence on Dutch vocabulary since the 12th century and culminating in the French period has been French and (northern) French, accounting for an estimated 6.8%, or more than a third of all loanwords. Latin, that has been spoken for centuries in the south of the Low Countries, and has since then for centuries plaid a major role as the language of science and religion, follows with 6.1%. High German and Low German, influential until the mid of the 19th century, account for 2.7%, but are mostly unrecognizable since many German loanwords have been "Dutchified", e.g. German "Fremdling" become Dutch "vreemdeling". From English, Dutch has taken over words since the middle of the 19th century, as a consequence of the gaining power of Britain and the United States. The share of English loanwords is about 1.5%, but this number is still on the increase. Conversely, Dutch contributed many loanwords to English, accounting for 1.3%.

Question: What percentage of loanwords are present in Dutch vocabulary?


Answer: French

Question: What language has exerted the most influence on Dutch vocabulary since the 12th century?


Answer: Latin

Question: What language does Dutch get its second highest percentage of loanwords from?


Answer: 2.7%

Question: Together, what percentage of Dutch loanwords comes from High and Low German?


Answer: Dutch

Question: In the loanword sharing between Dutch and English, which language got the higher percentage of loanwords?


Answer: one

Context: Dutch is written using the Latin script. Dutch uses one additional character beyond the standard alphabet, the digraph IJ. It has a relatively high proportion of doubled letters, both vowels and consonants, due to the formation of compound words and also to the spelling devices for distinguishing the many vowel sounds in the Dutch language. An example of five consecutive doubled letters is the word voorraaddoos (food storage container). The diaeresis (Dutch: trema) is used to mark vowels that are pronounced separately when involving a pre- or suffix. Whereas a hyphen is used when this problem occurs in compound words. For example; "beïnvloed" (influenced), but zee-eend (sea duck). Generally, other diacritical marks only occur in loanwords, though the acute accent can also be used for emphasis or to differentiate between two forms. Its most common use is to differentiate between the indefinite article 'een' (a, an) and the numeral 'één' (one).

Question: How many extra characters does Dutch have in addition to the standard alphabet?


Answer: digraph

Question: What's the name for the additional character Dutch uses?


Answer: doubled letters

Question: Because Dutch has many vowel sounds and compound words, what occurs frequently in Dutch spelling?


Answer: voorraaddoos

Question: What is an example of a Dutch word that has double vowels or consonants five times in a row?


Answer: acute accent

Question: What's the name for the type of accent that Dutch used to mark the difference between the word for "a" or "an" and the word for "one"?


Answer: Buckingham House

Context: Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as "The Queen's House". During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, who constructed three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837.

Question: What was Buckingham Palace orginally known as?


Answer: Duke of Buckingham

Question: Who was Buckingham Palace was originally built for?


Answer: King George III

Question: Which king acquired the Buckingham House in 1761?


Answer: "The Queen's House"

Question: What was Buckingham House known as when Queen Charlotte resided there?


Answer: John Nash and Edward Blore

Question: Which two architects were commissioned to enlarge Buckingham in the 19th century?


Answer: Duke of Buckingham

Question: For whom was Buckingham house originally built?


Answer: King George III

Question: Who bought Buckingham House in 1761?


Answer: John Nash and Edward Blore

Question: Who enlarged the house in the 19th century?


Answer: 1837

Question: When did the palace become the London residence for the monarchs?


Answer: Belle Époque cream and gold

Context: The original early 19th-century interior designs, many of which survive, include widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis, on the advice of Sir Charles Long. King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme. Many smaller reception rooms are furnished in the Chinese regency style with furniture and fittings brought from the Royal Pavilion at Brighton and from Carlton House. The palace has 775 rooms, and the garden is the largest private garden in London. The state rooms, used for official and state entertaining, are open to the public each year for most of August and September, and on selected days in winter and spring.

Question: What colors were added in the partial redecoration overseen by King Edward VII?