Answer: Uruguay

Context: Parque Batlle is named in honour of José Batlle y Ordóñez, President of Uruguay from 1911 to 1915. The park was originally proposed by an Act of March 1907, which also projected wide boulevards and avenues. French landscape architect, Carlos Thays, began the plantings in 1911. In 1918, the park was named Parque de los Aliados, following the victory of the Allies of World War I. On 5 May 1930, after significant expansion, it was again renamed as Parque Batlle y Ordóñez, in memory of the prominent politician and president, who had died in 1929. The park was designated a National Historic Monument Park in 1975. As of 2010[update], the park covers an area of 60 hectares (150 acres) and is considered the "lung" of the Montevideo city due to the large variety of trees planted here.

Question: Jose Batile y Ordonez was president of where?


Answer: 1911 to 1915

Question: Between what years was Jose batlle y Ordonez president of Uruguay?


Answer: an Act of March 1907

Question: Parque Batlle was originally proposed by what?


Answer: Punta Carretas

Context: Parque Rodó is both a barrio (neighbourhood) of Montevideo and a park which lies mostly outside the limits of the neighbourhood itself and belongs to Punta Carretas. The name "Rodó" commemorates José Enrique Rodó, an important Uruguayan writer whose monument is in the southern side of the main park. The park was conceived as a French-style city park. Apart from the main park area which is delimited by Sarmiento Avenue to the south, Parque Rodó includes an amusement park; the Estadio Luis Franzini, belonging to Defensor Sporting; the front lawn of the Faculty of Engineering and a strip west of the Club de Golf de Punta Carretas that includes the Canteras ("quarry") del Parque Rodó, the Teatro de Verano ("summer theatre") and the Lago ("lake") del Parque Rodó.

Question: Parque Rodo belongs to who?


Answer: José Enrique Rodó

Question: What does the name "Rodo" commemorate?


Answer: José Enrique Rodó

Question: Who was an important Uruguayan writer that is commemorated by Parque Rodo?


Answer: a French-style city park

Question: Parque Rodo was originally conceived as what?


Answer: the National Museum of Visual Arts

Context: On the east side of the main park area is the National Museum of Visual Arts. On this side, a very popular street market takes place every Sunday. On the north side is an artificial lake with a little castle housing a municipal library for children. An area to its west is used as an open-air exhibition of photography. West of the park, across the coastal avenue Rambla Presidente Wilson, stretches Ramirez Beach. Directly west of the main park are, and belonging to Parque Rodó barrio, is the former Parque Hotel, now called Edifício Mercosur, seat of the parliament of the members countries of the Mercosur. During the guerilla war the Tupamaros frequently attacked buildings in this area, including the old hotel.

Question: What is on the east side of the park?


Answer: a very popular street market

Question: What takes part on the east side of the main park every Sunday?


Answer: north side

Question: What side has an artificial lake with a little castle?


Answer: a municipal library

Question: What does the little castle on the north side of the park house?


Answer: Portuguese

Context: The first set of subsidiary forts were planned by the Portuguese at Montevideo in 1701 to establish a front line base to stop frequent insurrections by the Spaniards emanating from Buenos Aires. These fortifications were planned within the River Plate estuary at Colonia del Sacramento. However, this plan came to fruition only in November 1723, when Captain Manuel Henriques de Noronha reached the shores of Montevideo with soldiers, guns and colonists on his warship Nossa Senhora de Oliveara. They built a small square fortification. However, under siege from forces from Buenos Aires, the Portuguese withdrew from Montevideo Bay in January 1724, after signing an agreement with the Spaniards.

Question: Who planned the first set of subsidiary forts?


Answer: 1701

Question: When were the first set of subsidiary forts planned?


Answer: frequent insurrections by the Spaniards

Question: the subsidiary forts were established to stop what?


Answer: Buenos Aires

Question: Where were the Spaniards emanating from?


Answer: Fortaleza del Cerro

Context: Fortaleza del Cerro overlooks the bay of Montevideo. An observation post at this location was first built by the Spanish in the late 18th century. In 1802, a beacon replaced the observation post; construction of the fortress began in 1809 and was completed in 1839. It has been involved in many historical developments and has been repeatedly taken over by various sides. In 1907, the old beacon was replaced with a stronger electric one. It has been a National Monument since 1931 and has housed a military museum since 1916. Today it is one of the tourist attractions of Montevideo.

Question: What overlooks the bay of Montevideo?


Answer: a beacon

Question: What replaced the observation post in 1802?


Answer: 1809

Question: When did construction of the fortress begin?


Answer: 1839

Question: When did construction of the fortress finish?


Answer: The Rambla

Context: The Rambla is an avenue that goes along the entire coastline of Montevideo. The literal meaning of the Spanish word rambla is "avenue" or "watercourse", but in the Americas it is mostly used as "coastal avenue", and since all the southern departments of Uruguay border either the Río de la Plata or the Atlantic Ocean, they all have ramblas as well. As an integral part of Montevidean identity, the Rambla has been included by Uruguay in the Indicative List of World Heritage sites, though it has not received this status. Previously, the entire Rambla was called Rambla Naciones Unidas ("United Nations"), but in recent times different names have been given to specific parts of it.

Question: What avenue goes along the entire coastline of Montevideo?


Answer: rambla

Question: Avenue or Watercourse is the literal meaning of what Spanish word?


Answer: "coastal avenue"

Question: In the Americas rambla is mostly used to refer to what?


Answer: Cementerio del Norte

Context: The largest cemetery is the Cementerio del Norte, located in the northern-central part of the city. The Central Cemetery (Spanish: Cementerio central), located in Barrio Sur in the southern area of the city, is one of Uruguay's main cemeteries. It was one of the first cemeteries (in contrast to church graveyards) in the country, founded in 1835 in a time where burials were still carried out by the Catholic Church. It is the burial place of many of the most famous Uruguayans, such as Eduardo Acevedo, Delmira Agustini, Luis Batlle Berres, José Batlle y Ordóñez, Juan Manuel Blanes, François Ducasse, father of Comte de Lautréamont (Isidore Ducasse), Luis Alberto de Herrera, Benito Nardone, José Enrique Rodó, and Juan Zorrilla de San Martín.

Question: What is the largest cemetery?


Answer: Barrio Sur

Question: Where is the Central Cemetery located?


Answer: 1835

Question: What year was the Central Cemetery founded?


Answer: Buceo neighborhood

Context: The other large cemeteries are the Cementerio del Buceo, Cementerio del Cerro, and Cementerio Paso Molino. The British Cemetery Montevideo (Cementerio Británico) is another of the oldest cemeteries in Uruguay, located in the Buceo neighborhood. Many noblemen and eminent persons are buried there. The cemetery originated when the Englishman Mr. Thomas Samuel Hood purchased a plot of land in the name of the English residents in 1828. However, in 1884 the government compensated the British by moving the cemetery to Buceo to accommodate city growth. A section of the cemetery, known as British Cemetery Montevideo Soldiers and Sailors, contains the graves of quite a number of sailors of different nationalities, although the majority are of British descent. One United States Marine, Henry de Costa, is buried here.

Question: Where is the British Cemetery Montevideo located?


Answer: Mr. Thomas Samuel Hood

Question: Who purchased a plot of land in the name of the English residents?


Answer: 1828

Question: When did Mr. Thomas Samuel Hood purchase a plot of land at the British Cemetery Montevideo?


Answer: 1884

Question: When did the government compensate the British by moving the cemetery to Buceo?


Answer: Uruguayan tango

Context: Montevideo has a very rich architectural heritage and an impressive number of writers, artists, and musicians. Uruguayan tango is a unique form of dance that originated in the neighbourhoods of Montevideo towards the end of the 1800s. Tango, candombe and murga are the three main styles of music in this city. The city is also the centre of the cinema of Uruguay, which includes commercial, documentary and experimental films. There are two movie theatre companies running seven cinemas, around ten independent ones and four art film cinemas in the city. The theatre of Uruguay is admired inside and outside Uruguayan borders. The Solís Theatre is the most prominent theatre in Uruguay and the oldest in South America. There are several notable theatrical companies and thousands of professional actors and amateurs. Montevideo playwrights produce dozens of works each year; of major note are Mauricio Rosencof, Ana Magnabosco and Ricardo Prieto.

Question: What unique form of dance originated in the neighbourhods of Montevideo?


Answer: music

Question: Tango, candombe and murga are three main styles of what?


Answer: two

Question: How many movie theater companies are there in Montevideo?


Answer: The Solís Theatre

Question: What is the most prominent theater in Uruguay?


Answer: Father José Manuel Pérez Castellano

Context: The first public library in Montevideo was formed by the initial donation of the private library of Father José Manuel Pérez Castellano, who died in 1815. Its promoter, director and organizer was Father Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga, who also made a considerable donation along with donations from José Raimundo Guerra, as well as others from the Convent of San Francisco in Salta. In 1816 its stock was 5,000 volumes.[citation needed] The current building of the National Library of Uruguay (Biblioteca Pública de Uruguay) was designed by Luis Crespi in the Neoclassical style and occupies an area of 4,000 square metres (43,000 sq ft). Construction began in 1926 and it was finally inaugurated in 1964. Its current collection amounts to roughly 900,000 volumes.

Question: Who gave the initial donation of the private library?


Answer: 1815

Question: When did Father Jose Manuel Perez Castellano die?


Answer: Father Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga

Question: Who was the promoter, director and organizer of the first public library in Montevideo?


Answer: Rio de Plata region

Context: In Montevideo, as throughout the Rio de Plata region, the most popular forms of music are tango, milonga and vals criollo. Many notable songs originated in Montevideo including "El Tango supremo", La Cumparsita", La Milonga", "La Puñalada" and "Desde el Alma", composed by notable Montevideo musicians such as Gerardo Matos Rodríguez, Pintín Castellanos and Rosita Melo. Tango is deeply ingrained in the cultural life of the city and is the theme for many of the bars and restaurants in the city. Fun Fun' Bar, established in 1935, is one of the most important places for tango in Uruguay as is El Farolito, located in the old part of the city and Joventango, Café Las Musas, Garufa and Vieja Viola. The city is also home to the Montevideo Jazz Festival and has the Bancaria Jazz Club bar catering for jazz enthusiasts.

Question: Tango, milonga and vals criollo are the most popular forms of music in what region?


Answer: 1935

Question: When was Fun Fun Bar established?


Answer: the old part of the city

Question: Where is El Farolito located?


Answer: art

Context: In the early 1970s (1973, to be particular) when the military junta took over power in Uruguay, art suffered in Montevideo. The art studios went into protest mode, with Rimer Cardillo, one of the country's leading artists, making the National Institute of Fine Arts, Montevideo a "hotbed of resistance". This resulted in the military junta coming down heavily on artists by closing the Fine Art Institute and carting away all the presses and other studio equipment. Consequently, the learning of fine arts was only in private studios run by people who had been let out of jail, in works of printing and on paper and also painting and sculpture. It resumed much later.

Question: What suffered when the military junta took over power in Uruguay?


Answer: artists

Question: Rimer Cardillo was one of the country's leading what?


Answer: Rimer Cardillo

Question: Who made the National Institute of Fine Arts?


Answer: The Montevideo Cabildo

Context: The Montevideo Cabildo was the seat of government during the colonial times of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. It is located in front of Constitution Square, in Ciudad Vieja. Built between 1804 and 1869 in Neoclassical style, with a series of Doric and Ionic columns, it became a National Heritage Site in 1975. In 1958, the Municipal Historic Museum and Archive was inaugurated here. It features three permanent city museum exhibitions, as well as temporary art exhibitions, cultural events, seminars, symposiums and forums.

Question: What was the seat of government during the colonial times of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata?


Answer: front of Constitution Square

Question: Where is the Montevideo Cabildo located?


Answer: between 1804 and 1869

Question: Between what years was the Montevideo Cabildo built?


Answer: Neoclassical style

Question: What style was the Montevideo Cabildo?


Answer: 1975.

Question: When did the Montevideo Cabildo become a National Heritage Site?


Answer: the heart of Ciudad Vieja

Context: The Palacio Taranco is located in front of the Plaza Zabala, in the heart of Ciudad Vieja. It was erected in the early 20th century as the residence of the Ortiz Taranco brothers on the ruins of Montevideo's first theatre (of 1793), during a period in which the architectural style was influenced by French architecture. The palace was designed by French architects Charles Louis Girault and Jules Chifflot León who also designed the Petit Palais and the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. It passed to the city from the heirs of the Tarancos in 1943, along with its precious collection of Uruguayan furniture and draperies and was deemed by the city as an ideal place for a museum; in 1972 it became the Museum of Decorative Arts of Montevideo and in 1975 it became a National Heritage Site. The Decorative Arts Museum has an important collection of European paintings and decorative arts, ancient Greek and Roman art and Islamic ceramics of the 10th–18th century from the area of present-day Iran. The palace is often used as a meeting place by the Uruguayan government.

Question: Where is the Palacio Taranco located?


Answer: early 20th century

Question: When was the Palacio Taranco erected?


Answer: Ortiz Taranco brothers

Question: The Palacio Taranco was erected to be the residence for whom?


Answer: French architects Charles Louis Girault and Jules Chifflot León

Question: Who designed the Palacio Taranco?


Answer: the historical residence of General Fructuoso Rivera

Context: The National History Museum of Montevideo is located in the historical residence of General Fructuoso Rivera. It exhibits artifacts related to the history of Uruguay. In a process begun in 1998, the National Museum of Natural History (1837) and the National Museum of Anthropology (1981), merged in 2001, becoming the National Museum of Natural History and Anthropology. In July 2009, the two institutions again became independent. The Historical Museum has annexed eight historical houses in the city, five of which are located in the Ciudad Vieja. One of them, on the same block with the main building, is the historic residence of Antonio Montero, which houses the Museo Romantico.

Question: The National History Museum of Montevideo is located where?


Answer: Antonio Montero

Question: What houses the Museo Romantico?


Answer: eight

Question: How many houses has the Historical Museum annexed?


Answer: the Old Town

Context: The Museo Torres García is located in the Old Town, and exhibits Joaquín Torres García's unusual portraits of historical icons and cubist paintings akin to those of Picasso and Braque. The museum was established by Manolita Piña Torres, the widow of Torres Garcia, after his death in 1949. She also set up the García Torres Foundation, a private non-profit organization that organizes the paintings, drawings, original writings, archives, objects and furniture designed by the painter as well as the photographs, magazines and publications related to him.

Question: The Museo Torres Garcia is located where?


Answer: Joaquín Torres García

Question: The Museo Torres Garcia exhibits whose unusual portraits?


Answer: Manolita Piña Torres

Question: Who established The Museo Torres Garcia?


Answer: Torres Garcia

Question: Manolita Pina Torres was the widow of who?


Answer: Parque Rodó

Context: There are several other important art museums in Montevideo. The National Museum of Visual Arts in Parque Rodó has Uruguay's largest collection of paintings. The Juan Manuel Blanes Museum was founded in 1930, the 100th anniversary of the first Constitution of Uruguay, significant with regard to the fact that Juan Manuel Blanes painted Uruguayan patriotic themes. In back of the museum is a beautiful Japanese Garden with a pond where there are over a hundred carp. The Museo de Historia del Arte, located in the Palacio Municipal, features replicas of ancient monuments and exhibits a varied collection of artifacts from Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, Greece, Rome and Native American cultures including local finds of the pre-Columbian period. The Museo Municipal Precolombino y Colonial, in the Ciudad Vieja, has preserved collections of the archaeological finds from excavations carried out by Uruguayan archaeologist Antonio Taddei. These antiquaries are exhibits of pre-Columbian art of Latin America, painting and sculpture from the 17th and 18th century mostly from Mexico, Peru and Brazil. The Museo de Arte Contempo has small but impressive exhibits of modern Uruguayan painting and sculpture.

Question: Where is the National Museum of Visual Arts located?


Answer: paintings

Question: What does the National Museum of Visual Arts have the largest collection of in Uruguay?


Answer: 1930

Question: When was the Juan Manuel Blanes Museum founded?


Answer: Juan Manuel Blanes

Question: Who painted Uruguayan patriotic themes?


Answer: the Palacio Municipal

Question: Where is the Museo de Historia del Arte located?


Answer: the Centro

Context: There are also other types of museums in the city. The Museo del Gaucho y de la Moneda, located in the Centro, has distinctive displays of the historical culture of Uruguay's gauchos, their horse gear, silver work and mate (tea), gourds, and bombillas (drinking straws) in odd designs. The Museo Naval, is located on the eastern waterfront in Buceo and offers exhibits depicting the maritime history of Uruguay. The Museo del Automóvil, belonging to the Automobile Club of Uruguay, has a rich collection of vintage cars which includes a 1910 Hupmobile. The Museo y Parque Fernando García in Carrasco, a transport and automobile museum, includes old horse carriages and some early automobiles. The Castillo Pittamiglio, with an unusual façade, highlights the eccentric legacy of Humberto Pittamiglio, local alchemist and architect.

Question: Where is the Museo de Guacho y de la Moneda located?


Answer: (drinking straws

Question: What are bombillas?


Answer: the eastern waterfront in Buceo

Question: Where is the Museo Naval located?


Answer: Carrasco

Question: Where is the Museo y Parque Fernando Garcia located?


Answer: the Mercado del Puerto

Context: The center of traditional Uruguayan food and beverage in Montevideo is the Mercado del Puerto ("Port Market"). A torta frita is a pan-fried cake consumed in Montevideo and throughout Uruguay. It is generally circular, with a small cut in the centre for cooking, and is made from wheat flour, yeast, water and sugar or salt. Beef is very important in Uruguayan cuisine and an essential part of many dishes. Montevideo has a variety of restaurants, from traditional Uruguayan cuisine to Japanese cuisine such as sushi. Notable restaurants in Montevideo include Arcadia atop the Plaza Victoria, widely regarded to be the finest restaurant in the city. Arcadia is set in a classic Italian-inspired dining room and serves lavish dishes such as terrine of pheasant marinated in cognac, grilled lamb glazed with mint and garlic, and duck confit on thin strudel pastry with red cabbage. El Fogon is more popular with the late-night diners of the city. Its interior is brightly lit and the walls covered with big mirrors. Officially a barbecue and seafood restaurant, it serves grilled meat dishes, as well as salmon, shrimp and calamari. Also of note is the Cru. Numerous restaurants are located along the Rambla of Montevideo. There is an Irish pub in the eastern part of the Old District named Shannon Irish pub, another testament to the European heritage of the city.

Question: What is the center of traditional Uruguayan food and beverage in Montevideo?


Answer: a pan-fried cake

Question: What is a torta frita?


Answer: atop the Plaza Victoria

Question: Where is Arcadia located?


Answer: the eastern part of the Old District

Question: Where is Shannon Irish pub located?


Answer: the annual Montevideo Carnaval

Context: As the capital of Uruguay, Montevideo is home to a number of festivals and carnivals including a Gaucho festival when people ride through the streets on horseback in traditional gaucho gear. The major annual festival is the annual Montevideo Carnaval which is part of the national festival of Carnival Week, celebrated throughout Uruguay, with central activities in the capital, Montevideo. Officially, the public holiday lasts for two days on Carnival Monday and Shrove Tuesday preceding Ash Wednesday, but due to the prominence of the festival, most shops and businesses close for the entire week. During carnival there are many open-air stage performances and competitions and the streets and houses are vibrantly decorated. "Tablados" or popular scenes, both fixed and movable, are erected in the whole city. Notable displays include "Desfile de las Llamadas" ("Parade of the Calls"), which is a grand united parade held on the south part of downtown, where it used to be a common ritual back in the early 20th century. Due to the scale of the festival, preparation begins as early as December with an election of the "zonal beauty queens" to appear in the carnival.

Question: What is the major annual festival in Montevideo?


Answer: the national festival of Carnival Week

Question: What is the annual Montevideo Carnaval part of?


Answer: popular scenes

Question: What does Tablados mean?


Answer: Parade of the Calls

Question: What does Desfile de las Llamadas mean?


Answer: 1916

Context: Church and state are officially separated since 1916 in Uruguay. The religion with most followers in Montevideo is Roman Catholicism and has been so since the foundation of the city. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Montevideo was created as the Apostolic Vicariate of Montevideo in 1830. The vicariate was promoted to the Diocese of Montevideo on 13 July 1878. Pope Leo XIII elevated it to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 14 April 1897. The new archdiocese became the Metropolitan of the suffragan sees of Canelones, Florida, Maldonado–Punta del Este, Melo, Mercedes, Minas, Salto, San José de Mayo, Tacuarembó.

Question: Church and state have been officially separated in Uruguay since what year?


Answer: Roman Catholicism

Question: What religion has the most followers in Montevideo?


Answer: 1830

Question: When was the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Montevideo created?


Answer: Our Lady of the Sacred Heart

Context: Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón ("Our Lady of the Sacred Heart"), also known as Iglesia Punta Carretas ("Punta Carretas Church"), was built between 1917 and 1927 in the Romanesque Revival style. The church was originally part of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, but is presently in the parish of the Ecclesiastic Curia. Its location is at the corner of Solano García and José Ellauri. It has a nave and aisles. The roof has many vaults. During the construction of the Punta Carretas Shopping complex, major cracks developed in the structure of the church as a result of differential foundation settlement.

Question: What does Nuestra Senora del Sagrado Corazon mean?


Answer: Punta Carretas Church

Question: What does Iglesia Punta Carretas mean?


Answer: between 1917 and 1927

Question: Between what years was the Iglesia Punta Carretas built?


Answer: Romanesque Revival style

Question: What stle was the Iglesia Punta Carretas built in?


Answer: The University of the Republic

Context: The University of the Republic is the country's largest and most important university, with a student body of 81,774, according to the census of 2007. It was founded on 18 July 1849 in Montevideo, where most of its buildings and facilities are still located. Its current Rector is Dr. Rodrigo Arocena. The university houses 14 faculties (departments) and various institutes and schools. Many eminent Uruguayans have graduated from this university, including Carlos Vaz Ferreira, José Luis Massera, Gabriel Paternain, Mario Wschebor, Roman Fresnedo Siri, Carlos Ott and Eladio Dieste

Question: What is the country's largest university?


Answer: 81,774

Question: In 2007 the University of the Republic had a student body of how many people?


Answer: 18 July 1849

Question: When was the University of the Republic founded?


Answer: Dr. Rodrigo Arocena

Question: Who is the current rector of The University of the Republic?


Answer: 11 June 1833

Context: The process of founding the country's public university began on 11 June 1833 with the passage of a law proposed by Senator Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga. It called for the creation of nine academic departments; the President of the Republic would pass a decree formally creating the departments once the majority of them were in operation. In 1836, the House of General Studies was formed, housing the departments of Latin, philosophy, mathematics, theology and jurisprudence. On 27 May 1838, Manuel Oribe passed a decree establishing the Greater University of the Republic. That decree had few practical effects, given the institutional instability of the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay at that time.

Question: When did the process of funding the country's public university begin?


Answer: Senator Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga

Question: Who proposed the law that began the process of funding the country's public university?


Answer: 1836

Question: When was the House of General Studies formed?


Answer: 27 May 1838

Question: When did Manuel Oribe pass a decree establishing the Greater University of the Republic?


Answer: ORT Uruguay

Context: The largest private university in Uruguay, is also located in Montevideo. ORT Uruguay was first established as a non-profit organization in 1942, and was officially certified as a private university in September 1996, becoming the second private educational institution in the country to achieve that status.[citation needed] It is a member of World ORT, an international educational network founded in 1880 by the Jewish community in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The university has about 8,000 students, distributed among 5 faculties and institutes, mainly geared towards the sciences and technology/engineering. Its current rector as of 2010[update] is Dr. Jorge A. Grünberg.

Question: What is the largest private university in Uruguay?


Answer: 1942

Question: When was ORT Uruguay established?


Answer: September 1996

Question: When was ORT Uruguay officially certified as a private university?


Answer: about 8,000

Question: How many students does the ORT Uruguay university have?


Answer: The Montevideo Crandon Institute

Context: The Montevideo Crandon Institute is an American School of missionary origin and the main Methodist educational institution in Uruguay. Founded in 1879 and supported by the Women's Society of the Methodist Church of the United States, it is one of the most traditional and emblematic institutions in the city inculcating John Wesley's values. Its alumni include presidents, senators, ambassadors and Nobel Prize winners, along with musicians, scientists, and others. The Montevideo Crandon Institute boasts of being the first academic institution in South America where a home economics course was taught.

Question: What is the main methodist educational institution in Uruguay?


Answer: 1879

Question: When was the Montevideo Crandon Institute founded?


Answer: The Montevideo Crandon Institute

Question: What is the first academic institution in South America where a home economics course was taught?


Answer: Carrasco

Context: The Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College is a private, co-educational, not-for-profit Catholic school located in the wealthy residential southeastern neighbourhood of Carrasco. Established in 1955, it is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country, blending a rigorous curriculum with strong extracurricular activities. The school's headmaster, history professor Juan Pedro Toni, is a member of the Stella Maris Board of Governors and the school is a member of the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO). Its long list of distinguished former pupils includes economists, engineers, architects, lawyers, politicians and even F1 champions. The school has also played an important part in the development of rugby union in Uruguay, with the creation of Old Christians Club, the school's alumni club.

Question: Where is the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College located?


Answer: 1955

Question: When was the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College established?


Answer: The Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College

Question: What is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country?


Answer: professor Juan Pedro Toni

Question: Who is the headmaster of the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College?


Answer: Carrasco

Context: Also in Carrasco is The British Schools of Montevideo, one of the oldest educational institutions in the country, established in 1908.[citation needed] Its original purpose was to give Uruguayan children a complete education, on par with the best schools of the United Kingdom and to establish strong bonds between the British and Uruguayan children living in the country. The School is governed by the Board of Governors, elected by the British Schools Society in Uruguay, whose honorary president is the British Ambassador to Uruguay. Prominent alumni include former government ministers Pedro Bordaberry Herrán and Gabriel Gurméndez Armand-Ugon.

Question: Where is the British Schools of Montevideo located?


Answer: 1908

Question: When was the British Schools of Montevideo established?


Answer: to give Uruguayan children a complete education

Question: What was the British Schools of Montevideo original purpose?


Answer: Cordon

Context: Located in Cordon, St.Brendan´s school, before named St.Catherine´s is a non-profit civil association, which has a solid institutional culture with a clear vision of the future. It is knowned for being one of the best schools in the country, joining students from the wealthiest parts of Montevideo, such us, Punta Carretas, Pocitos, Malvin and Carrasco. St. Brendan’s School is a bilingual, non-denominational school that promotes a pedagogical constructivist approach focused on the child as a whole. In this approach, understanding is built from the connections children make between their own prior knowledge and the learning experiences, thus developing critical thinking skills. It is also the only school in the country implementing the three International Baccalaureate Programmes. These are:

Question: Where is St. Brendan's school located?


Answer: St.Catherine´s

Question: What was St. Brendan's school previously named?


Answer: St.Brendan´s school

Question: What is the only school in the country implementing three international Baccalaureate Programmes?


Answer: Estadio Centenario

Context: Estadio Centenario, the national football stadium in Parque Batlle, was opened in 1930 for the first World Cup, as well as to commemorate the centennial of Uruguay's first constitution. In this World Cup, Uruguay won the title game against Argentina by 4 goals to 2. The stadium has 70,000 seats. It is listed by FIFA as one of the football world's classic stadiums, along with Maracanã, Wembley Stadium, San Siro, Estadio Azteca, and Santiago Bernabéu Stadium. A museum located within the football stadium has exhibits of memorabilia from Uruguay's 1930 and 1950 World Cup championships. Museum tickets give access to the stadium, stands, locker rooms and playing field.

Question: What is the national football stadium in Parque Batlle?


Answer: 1930

Question: When was Estadio Centenario opened?


Answer: 70,000

Question: How many seats does the Estadio Centenario have?


Answer: Montevideo

Context: The Uruguayan Basketball League is headquartered in Montevideo and most of its teams are from the city, including Defensor Sporting, Biguá, Aguada, Goes, Malvín, Unión Atlética, and Trouville. Montevideo is also a centre of rugby; equestrianism, which regained importance in Montevideo after the Maroñas Racecourse reopened; golf, with the Club de Punta Carretas; and yachting, with the Puerto del Buceo, an ideal place to moor yachts. The Golf Club of Punta Carretas was founded in 1894 covers all the area encircled by the west side of Bulevar Artigas, the Rambla (Montevideo's promenade) and the Parque Rodó (Fun Fair).

Question: Where is the Uruguayan Basketball League headquartered?


Answer: 1894

Question: When was the Golf Club of Punta Carretas founded?


Answer: the Maroñas Racecourse reopened

Question: Equestrianism regained importance in Montevideo after what?


Answer: Dirección Nacional de Transporte

Context: The Dirección Nacional de Transporte (DNT), part of the national Ministry of Transport and Public Works, is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo's transport infrastructure. A bus service network covers the entire city. An international bus station, the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal, is located on the lower level of the Tres Cruces Shopping Center, on the side of Artigas Boulevard. This terminal, along with the Baltazar Brum Bus Terminal (or Rio Branco Terminal) by the Port of Montevideo, handles the long distance and intercity bus routes connecting to destinations within Uruguay.

Question: What does DNT stand for?


Answer: Dirección Nacional de Transporte

Question: Who is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo's transport infrastructure?


Answer: the lower level of the Tres Cruces Shopping Center

Question: Where is the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal located?


Answer: The State Railways Administration of Uruguay

Context: The State Railways Administration of Uruguay (AFE) operates three commuter rail lines, namely the Empalme Olmos, San Jose and Florida. These lines operate to major suburban areas of Canelones, San José and Florida. Within the Montevideo city limits, local trains stop at Lorenzo Carnelli, Yatai (Step Mill), Sayago, Columbus (line to San Jose and Florida), Peñarol and Manga (line Empalme Olmos) stations. The historic 19th century General Artigas Central Station located in the neighbourhood of Aguada, six blocks from the central business district, was abandoned 1 March 2003 and remains closed. A new station, 500 metres (1,600 ft) north of the old one and part of the Tower of Communications modern complex, has taken over the rail traffic.

Question: What does the AFE stand for?


Answer: Aguada

Question: What neighborhood is the General Artigas Central Station located?


Answer: 1 March 2003

Question: When was the General Artigas Central Station abandoned?


Answer: The port on Montevideo Bay

Context: The port on Montevideo Bay is one of the reasons the city was founded. It gives natural protection to ships, although two jetties now further protect the harbour entrance from waves. This natural port is competitive with the other great port of Río de la Plata, Buenos Aires. The main engineering work on the port occurred between the years 1870 and 1930. These six decades saw the construction of the port's first wooden pier, several warehouses in La Aguada, the north and south Rambla, a river port, a new pier, the dredged river basin and the La Teja refinery. A major storm in 1923 necessitated repairs to many of the city's engineering works. Since the second half of the 20th century, physical changes have ceased, and since that time the area has degraded due to national economic stagnation.

Question: What gives natural protection to ships in Montevideo?


Answer: 1870 and 1930

Question: Between what years did the main engineering work on the port of Montevideo Bay take place?


Answer: A major storm

Question: What happened in 1923 that required repairs to many of the city's engineering works?


Answer: Hospital Maciel

Context: Hospital Maciel is one of the oldest hospitals in Uruguay and stands on the block bounded by the streets Maciel, 25 de Mayo, Guaraní and Washington, with the main entrance at 25 de Mayo, 172. The land was originally donated in Spanish colonial times by philanthropist Francisco Antonio Maciel, who teamed up with Mateo Vidal to establish a hospital and charity. The first building was constructed between 1781 and 1788 and later expanded upon. The present building stems from the 1825 plans of José Toribio (son of Tomás Toribio) and later Bernardo Poncini (wing on the Guaraní street, 1859), Eduardo Canstatt (corner of Guaraní and 25 de Mayo) and Julián Masquelez (1889). The hospital has a chapel built in Greek style by Miguel Estévez in 1798.

Question: What is one of the oldest hospitals in Uruguay?


Answer: Francisco Antonio Maciel

Question: Who originally donated the land for Hospital Macie?


Answer: between 1781 and 1788

Question: When was the first building of the Hospital Maciel established?


Answer: Hospital Vilardebó

Context: Hospital Vilardebó is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo. Named after the physician and naturalist Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche, it opened 21 May 1880. The hospital was originally one of the best of Latin America and in 1915 grew to 1,500 inpatients. Today the hospital is very deteriorated, with broken walls and floors, lack of medicines, beds, and rooms for the personnel. It has an emergency service, outpatient, clinic and inpatient rooms and employs approximately 610 staff, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, administrators, guards, among others. The average patient age is 30 years; more than half of the patients arrive by court order; 42% suffer from schizophrenia, 18% from depression and mania, and there are also a high percentage of drug addicted patients.

Question: What is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo?


Answer: Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche

Question: Who is Hospital Vilardebo named after?


Answer: 21 May 1880

Question: When did the Hospital Vilardebo open?


Answer: 1,500 inpatients

Question: How many inpatients did the the Hospital Vilardebo have in 1915?


Answer: kept by humans for the eggs they produce, their meat, their feathers, or sometimes as pets.

Context: Poultry (/ˌpoʊltriː/) are domesticated birds kept by humans for the eggs they produce, their meat, their feathers, or sometimes as pets. These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails and turkeys) and the family Anatidae, in order Anseriformes, commonly known as "waterfowl" and including domestic ducks and domestic geese. Poultry also includes other birds that are killed for their meat, such as the young of pigeons (known as squabs) but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game. The word "poultry" comes from the French/Norman word poule, itself derived from the Latin word pullus, which means small animal.

Question: What is the significance of poultry in the lives of humans?


Answer: but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game.

Question: Are all domesticated and wild birds classified as poultry ?


Answer: chickens, quails and turkeys

Question: What types of birds are most commonly considered poultry?


Answer: from the Latin word pullus, which means small animal.

Question: Was the Latin word for poultry also used to decribe other small animals as opposed to any poulty?


Answer: domestic ducks and domestic geese.

Question: Are any other birds considered common in the world of poultry?


Answer: domestication of poultry took place several thousand years ago

Context: The domestication of poultry took place several thousand years ago. This may have originally been as a result of people hatching and rearing young birds from eggs collected from the wild, but later involved keeping the birds permanently in captivity. Domesticated chickens may have been used for cockfighting at first and quail kept for their songs, but soon it was realised how useful it was having a captive-bred source of food. Selective breeding for fast growth, egg-laying ability, conformation, plumage and docility took place over the centuries, and modern breeds often look very different from their wild ancestors. Although some birds are still kept in small flocks in extensive systems, most birds available in the market today are reared in intensive commercial enterprises. Poultry is the second most widely eaten type of meat globally and, along with eggs, provides nutritionally beneficial food containing high-quality protein accompanied by a low proportion of fat. All poultry meat should be properly handled and sufficiently cooked in order to reduce the risk of food poisoning.

Question: How long have humans used domsticated poultry ?


Answer: cockfighting at first and quail kept for their songs

Question: What have people use domesticated poultry for besides food ?


Answer: Selective breeding for fast growth, egg-laying ability, conformation, plumage and docility took place

Question: Why did humans feel that addtional breeding tatics were necessary in poulty?


Answer: modern breeds often look very different from their wild ancestors.

Question: Has breeding changed the original characterictics of the animals ?


Answer: Poultry is the second most widely eaten type of meat globally

Question: How popular is poultry as a consumable among humans ?


Answer: guinea fowl and squabs (young pigeons)

Context: "Poultry" is a term used for any kind of domesticated bird, captive-raised for its utility, and traditionally the word has been used to refer to wildfowl (Galliformes) and waterfowl (Anseriformes). "Poultry" can be defined as domestic fowls, including chickens, turkeys, geese and ducks, raised for the production of meat or eggs and the word is also used for the flesh of these birds used as food. The Encyclopædia Britannica lists the same bird groups but also includes guinea fowl and squabs (young pigeons). In R. D. Crawford's Poultry breeding and genetics, squabs are omitted but Japanese quail and common pheasant are added to the list, the latter frequently being bred in captivity and released into the wild. In his 1848 classic book on poultry, Ornamental and Domestic Poultry: Their History, and Management, Edmund Dixon included chapters on the peafowl, guinea fowl, mute swan, turkey, various types of geese, the muscovy duck, other ducks and all types of chickens including bantams. In colloquial speech, the term "fowl" is often used near-synonymously with "domesticated chicken" (Gallus gallus), or with "poultry" or even just "bird", and many languages do not distinguish between "poultry" and "fowl". Both words are also used for the flesh of these birds. Poultry can be distinguished from "game", defined as wild birds or mammals hunted for food or sport, a word also used to describe the flesh of these when eaten.

Question: What two addtional types of birds are listed in teh Encyclopedia Britanica as poultry?


Answer: R. D. Crawford

Question: Who is the authoor of the book Poultry Breeding and Genetics?


Answer: frequently being bred in captivity and released into the wild.

Question: What is the most likely outout for the common variety of pheasant ?


Answer: peafowl, guinea fowl, mute swan, turkey, various types of geese, the muscovy duck, other ducks and all types of chickens including bantams

Question: Edmund Dixon is most famous for what inclusions in his 1854 book on poultry ?


Answer: many languages do not distinguish between "poultry" and "fowl

Question: Do all language make the distinction between poultry and fowls?


Answer: cocks

Context: Chickens are medium-sized, chunky birds with an upright stance and characterised by fleshy red combs and wattles on their heads. Males, known as cocks, are usually larger, more boldly coloured, and have more exaggerated plumage than females (hens). Chickens are gregarious, omnivorous, ground-dwelling birds that in their natural surroundings search among the leaf litter for seeds, invertebrates, and other small animals. They seldom fly except as a result of perceived danger, preferring to run into the undergrowth if approached. Today's domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is mainly descended from the wild red junglefowl of Asia, with some additional input from grey junglefowl. Domestication is believed to have taken place between 7,000 and 10,000 years ago, and what are thought to be fossilized chicken bones have been found in northeastern China dated to around 5,400 BC. Archaeologists believe domestication was originally for the purpose of cockfighting, the male bird being a doughty fighter. By 4,000 years ago, chickens seem to have reached the Indus Valley and 250 years later, they arrived in Egypt. They were still used for fighting and were regarded as symbols of fertility. The Romans used them in divination, and the Egyptians made a breakthrough when they learned the difficult technique of artificial incubation. Since then, the keeping of chickens has spread around the world for the production of food with the domestic fowl being a valuable source of both eggs and meat.

Question: What are male chickens called ?


Answer: cocks, are usually larger, more boldly coloured, and have more exaggerated plumage than females (hens).

Question: How are male chickens able to be identified ?


Answer: in their natural surroundings search among the leaf litter for seeds, invertebrates, and other small animals.

Question: What do chickens normally consume when in the natural wild environment?


Answer: They seldom fly except as a result of perceived danger, preferring to run into the undergrowth if approached.

Question: Do chickens fly like other birds?


Answer: Today's domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is mainly descended from the wild red junglefowl of Asia

Question: From what birds are chickens decended from ?


Answer: By the mid-20th century, the poultry meat-producing industry was of greater importance than the egg-laying industry

Context: Since their domestication, a large number of breeds of chickens have been established, but with the exception of the white Leghorn, most commercial birds are of hybrid origin. In about 1800, chickens began to be kept on a larger scale, and modern high-output poultry farms were present in the United Kingdom from around 1920 and became established in the United States soon after the Second World War. By the mid-20th century, the poultry meat-producing industry was of greater importance than the egg-laying industry. Poultry breeding has produced breeds and strains to fulfil different needs; light-framed, egg-laying birds that can produce 300 eggs a year; fast-growing, fleshy birds destined for consumption at a young age, and utility birds which produce both an acceptable number of eggs and a well-fleshed carcase. Male birds are unwanted in the egg-laying industry and can often be identified as soon as they are hatch for subsequent culling. In meat breeds, these birds are sometimes castrated (often chemically) to prevent aggression. The resulting bird, called a capon, has more tender and flavorful meat, as well.

Question: When did the poultry business boom in the United States ?


Answer: can often be identified as soon as they are hatch for subsequent culling

Question: How can you normally identify a cock when recently hatched?


Answer: light-framed, egg-laying birds that can produce 300 eggs a year; fast-growing, fleshy birds destined for consumption

Question: How has breeding helped in the pultry industry?


Answer: with the exception of the white Leghorn, most commercial birds are of hybrid origin.

Question: Are there any purebreed lines for poultry today?


Answer: A bantam

Context: A bantam is a small variety of domestic chicken, either a miniature version of a member of a standard breed, or a "true bantam" with no larger counterpart. The name derives from the town of Bantam in Java where European sailors bought the local small chickens for their shipboard supplies. Bantams may be a quarter to a third of the size of standard birds and lay similarly small eggs. They are kept by small-holders and hobbyists for egg production, use as broody hens, ornamental purposes, and showing.

Question: What breed of chicken is named after a town in Java ?


Answer: A bantam is a small variety of domestic chicken, either a miniature version of a member of a standard breed, or a "true bantam" with no larger counterpart

Question: How are bantams different from other chickens?


Answer: Bantams may be a quarter to a third of the size of standard birds and lay similarly small eggs

Question: Do bantams lay regular sized eggs ?


Answer: kept by small-holders and hobbyists for egg production, use as broody hens, ornamental purposes, and showing.

Question: Where are bantams kept?


Answer: Cockfighting is said to be the world's oldest spectator sport and may have originated in Persia 6,000 years ago.

Context: Cockfighting is said to be the world's oldest spectator sport and may have originated in Persia 6,000 years ago. Two mature males (cocks or roosters) are set to fight each other, and will do so with great vigour until one is critically injured or killed. Breeds such as the Aseel were developed in the Indian subcontinent for their aggressive behaviour. The sport formed part of the culture of the ancient Indians, Chinese, Greeks, and Romans, and large sums were won or lost depending on the outcome of an encounter. Cockfighting has been banned in many countries during the last century on the grounds of cruelty to animals.

Question: How long ago was the sport of fighting chickens been around?


Answer: Cockfighting

Question: What is the termed used to define the game of fighting chickens called?


Answer: fight each other, and will do so with great vigour until one is critically injured or killed.

Question: Do chickens die in the sport of cockfighting?


Answer: Breeds such as the Aseel were developed in the Indian subcontinent for their aggressive behaviour

Question: Have theere been any types of chickens who were really good at cockfighting?


Answer: large sums were won or lost depending on the outcome of an encounter.

Question: Do people bet on the cockfighting or is it just for entertainment?


Answer: medium-sized aquatic birds with broad bills, eyes on the side of the head, fairly long necks, short legs set far back on the body, and webbed feet.

Context: Ducks are medium-sized aquatic birds with broad bills, eyes on the side of the head, fairly long necks, short legs set far back on the body, and webbed feet. Males, known as drakes, are often larger than females (simply known as ducks) and are differently coloured in some breeds. Domestic ducks are omnivores, eating a variety of animal and plant materials such as aquatic insects, molluscs, worms, small amphibians, waterweeds, and grasses. They feed in shallow water by dabbling, with their heads underwater and their tails upended. Most domestic ducks are too heavy to fly, and they are social birds, preferring to live and move around together in groups. They keep their plumage waterproof by preening, a process that spreads the secretions of the preen gland over their feathers.

Question: How can you identify a duck from other poultry?


Answer: drakes

Question: What do you call a male duck?


Answer: larger than females (simply known as ducks) and are differently coloured in some breeds

Question: How can you identify a drake from a the female of the species?


Answer: aquatic insects, molluscs, worms, small amphibians, waterweeds, and grasses.

Question: What does the diet of cultivated ducks consistof ?


Answer: Most domestic ducks are too heavy to fly

Question: Do all ducks fly south for the winter?


Answer: Clay models of ducks found in China dating back to 4000 BC may indicate the domestication of ducks took place there during the Yangshao culture

Context: Clay models of ducks found in China dating back to 4000 BC may indicate the domestication of ducks took place there during the Yangshao culture. Even if this is not the case, domestication of the duck took place in the Far East at least 1500 years earlier than in the West. Lucius Columella, writing in the first century BC, advised those who sought to rear ducks to collect wildfowl eggs and put them under a broody hen, because when raised in this way, the ducks "lay aside their wild nature and without hesitation breed when shut up in the bird pen". Despite this, ducks did not appear in agricultural texts in Western Europe until about 810 AD, when they began to be mentioned alongside geese, chickens, and peafowl as being used for rental payments made by tenants to landowners.

Question: How long have ducks possibly been in domesticated domicile with humans?


Answer: domestication of the duck took place in the Far East at least 1500 years earlier than in the West

Question: How far behind the east society was the western culture in domesticating ducks?


Answer: collect wildfowl eggs and put them under a broody hen,

Question: How did Lucius Columella recommend that one go abbout the business of domesticating ducks.?


Answer: ducks did not appear in agricultural texts in Western Europe until about 810 AD

Question: When did ducks begin to appear in the books of Western Europeon Society ?


Answer: mentioned alongside geese, chickens, and peafowl as being used for rental payments made by tenants to landowners.

Question: Where ducks ever used as a type of commerence in the world?


Answer: mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the ancestor of all breeds of domestic duck (with the exception of the Muscovy duck

Context: It is widely agreed that the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the ancestor of all breeds of domestic duck (with the exception of the Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata), which is not closely related to other ducks). Ducks are farmed mainly for their meat, eggs, and down. As is the case with chickens, various breeds have been developed, selected for egg-laying ability, fast growth, and a well-covered carcase. The most common commercial breed in the United Kingdom and the United States is the Pekin duck, which can lay 200 eggs a year and can reach a weight of 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) in 44 days. In the Western world, ducks are not as popular as chickens, because the latter produce larger quantities of white, lean meat and are easier to keep intensively, making the price of chicken meat lower than that of duck meat. While popular in haute cuisine, duck appears less frequently in the mass-market food industry. However, things are different in the East. Ducks are more popular there than chickens and are mostly still herded in the traditional way and selected for their ability to find sufficient food in harvested rice fields and other wet environments.

Question: What breed of duck is considered the first?


Answer: various breeds have been developed, selected for egg-laying ability, fast growth, and a well-covered carcase.

Question: What are the outcomes of the breeding of ducks for humans?


Answer: Pekin duck

Question: What variety is the most common the the United States and the U.K.


Answer: can lay 200 eggs a year and can reach a weight of 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) in 44 days

Question: Why is the Pekin duck the favored of the western world?


Answer: Ducks are more popular there than chickens and are mostly still herded in the traditional way and selected for their ability to find sufficient food in

Question: Why is duck more common than other poultry in the east society ??


Answer: The greylag goose (Anser anser) was domesticated by the Egyptians at least 3000 years ago

Context: The greylag goose (Anser anser) was domesticated by the Egyptians at least 3000 years ago, and a different wild species, the swan goose (Anser cygnoides), domesticated in Siberia about a thousand years later, is known as a Chinese goose. The two hybridise with each other and the large knob at the base of the beak, a noticeable feature of the Chinese goose, is present to a varying extent in these hybrids. The hybrids are fertile and have resulted in several of the modern breeds. Despite their early domestication, geese have never gained the commercial importance of chickens and ducks.

Question: When was the greylag goose first domesticated by humans?


Answer: Chinese goose

Question: What other name is the swan goose know by ?


Answer: Siberia

Question: Where is it believed that the greylag goose was first domesticated in theworld?


Answer: Despite their early domestication, geese have never gained the commercial importance of chickens and ducks.

Question: Are geese an important part of the poultry industry?


Answer: Domestic geese are much larger than their wild counterparts and tend to have thick necks, an upright posture, and large bodies with broad rear ends

Context: Domestic geese are much larger than their wild counterparts and tend to have thick necks, an upright posture, and large bodies with broad rear ends. The greylag-derived birds are large and fleshy and used for meat, while the Chinese geese have smaller frames and are mainly used for egg production. The fine down of both is valued for use in pillows and padded garments. They forage on grass and weeds, supplementing this with small invertebrates, and one of the attractions of rearing geese is their ability to grow and thrive on a grass-based system. They are very gregarious and have good memories and can be allowed to roam widely in the knowledge that they will return home by dusk. The Chinese goose is more aggressive and noisy than other geese and can be used as a guard animal to warn of intruders. The flesh of meat geese is dark-coloured and high in protein, but they deposit fat subcutaneously, although this fat contains mostly monounsaturated fatty acids. The birds are killed either around 10 or about 24 weeks. Between these ages, problems with dressing the carcase occur because of the presence of developing pin feathers.

Question: do domestic and wild geese have the same apperearance ?


Answer: The greylag-derived birds

Question: What types of geese are used for human consumption?


Answer: Chinese geese

Question: What types of geese are used most efficiently for their egg production?


Answer: use in pillows and padded garments

Question: What is the down feathers of geese most commonly used for ?


Answer: they deposit fat subcutaneously, although this fat contains mostly monounsaturated fatty acids

Question: Why is the meat of geese considered fatty ?


Answer: descended from one of six subspecies of wild turkey

Context: The modern domesticated turkey is descended from one of six subspecies of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) found in the present Mexican states of Jalisco, Guerrero and Veracruz. Pre-Aztec tribes in south-central Mexico first domesticated the bird around 800 BC, and Pueblo Indians inhabiting the Colorado Plateau in the United States did likewise around 200 BC. They used the feathers for robes, blankets, and ceremonial purposes. More than 1,000 years later, they became an important food source. The first Europeans to encounter the bird misidentified it as a guineafowl, a bird known as a "turkey fowl" at that time because it had been introduced into Europe via Turkey.

Question: How many species is the recent day turkey suspected to have embarked from?


Answer: Pre-Aztec tribes in south-central Mexico first domesticated the bird around 800 BC

Question: When were turkeys first used in a domestication setting?


Answer: feathers for robes, blankets, and ceremonial purposes

Question: What other purposes have the domesticated turkey been used for aside from food?


Answer: Pueblo Indians inhabiting the Colorado Plateau in the United States did likewise around 200 BC.

Question: When and with what culture did domesticated turkey start to appear in the United States ?


Answer: Commercial turkeys are usually reared indoors under controlled conditions

Context: Commercial turkeys are usually reared indoors under controlled conditions. These are often large buildings, purpose-built to provide ventilation and low light intensities (this reduces the birds' activity and thereby increases the rate of weight gain). The lights can be switched on for 24-hrs/day, or a range of step-wise light regimens to encourage the birds to feed often and therefore grow rapidly. Females achieve slaughter weight at about 15 weeks of age and males at about 19. Mature commercial birds may be twice as heavy as their wild counterparts. Many different breeds have been developed, but the majority of commercial birds are white, as this improves the appearance of the dressed carcass, the pin feathers being less visible. Turkeys were at one time mainly consumed on special occasions such as Christmas (10 million birds in the United Kingdom) or Thanksgiving (60 million birds in the United States). However, they are increasingly becoming part of the everyday diet in many parts of the world.

Question: What type of accomidations are domesticated turkey normally grown in?


Answer: The lights can be switched on for 24-hrs/day, or a range of step-wise light regimens to encourage the birds to feed often and therefore grow rapidly

Question: What type of conditions are used to increase the weight and profitability of commercial turkeys?


Answer: Females achieve slaughter weight at about 15 weeks of age and males at about 19

Question: At what age is the average turkey considered ready for the initial step of the commercial food process?


Answer: Mature commercial birds may be twice as heavy as their wild counterparts

Question: How much more does a average commercial turkey weigh in comparison to its wild turkey cousins ?


Answer: 60 million birds in the United States

Question: What the average for the amount of turkeys are consumed in the U.S on Thanksgiving Day?


Answer: They were originally kept as songbirds, and they are thought to have been regularly used in song contests.

Context: The quail is a small to medium-sized, cryptically coloured bird. In its natural environment, it is found in bushy places, in rough grassland, among agricultural crops, and in other places with dense cover. It feeds on seeds, insects, and other small invertebrates. Being a largely ground-dwelling, gregarious bird, domestication of the quail was not difficult, although many of its wild instincts are retained in captivity. It was known to the Egyptians long before the arrival of chickens and was depicted in hieroglyphs from 2575 BC. It migrated across Egypt in vast flocks and the birds could sometimes be picked up off the ground by hand. These were the common quail (Coturnix coturnix), but modern domesticated flocks are mostly of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) which was probably domesticated as early as the 11th century AD in Japan. They were originally kept as songbirds, and they are thought to have been regularly used in song contests.

Question: Have quails ever been used for entertainment purposes ?


Answer: it is found in bushy places, in rough grassland, among agricultural crops, and in other places with dense cover.

Question: Where can quails typically be found in the wild?


Answer: seeds, insects, and other small invertebrates.

Question: What is the typical diet consist of for qails ?


Answer: modern domesticated flocks are mostly of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)

Question: From what country do most domesticated quails today descend from ?


Answer: Japanese breeders began to selectively breed for increased egg production.

Context: In the early 20th century, Japanese breeders began to selectively breed for increased egg production. By 1940, the quail egg industry was flourishing, but the events of World War II led to the complete loss of quail lines bred for their song type, as well as almost all of those bred for egg production. After the war, the few surviving domesticated quail were used to rebuild the industry, and all current commercial and laboratory lines are considered to have originated from this population. Modern birds can lay upward of 300 eggs a year and countries such as Japan, India, China, Italy, Russia, and the United States have established commercial Japanese quail farming industries. Japanese quail are also used in biomedical research in fields such as genetics, embryology, nutrition, physiology, pathology, and toxicity studies. These quail are closely related to the common quail, and many young hybrid birds are released into the wild each year to replenish dwindling wild populations.

Question: Why did the Japanses begin to breed quails in teh 20th century?


Answer: By 1940, the quail egg industry was flourishing,

Question: When did the quail egg business begin to really become an economic driven industry?


Answer: the events of World War II led to the complete loss of quail lines bred for their song type, as well as almost all of those bred for egg production

Question: What caused a marked sownturn in the production of quail eggs following the industry boom?


Answer: Modern birds can lay upward of 300 eggs a year

Question: How many eggs can be laid by the present day decendants of the Japanese quail?


Answer: Japanese quail are also used in biomedical research in fields such as genetics, embryology, nutrition, physiology, pathology, and toxicity studies

Question: Are quails used for any purpose other than human consumption ?


Answer: Africa

Context: Guinea fowl originated in southern Africa, and the species most often kept as poultry is the helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris). It is a medium-sized grey or speckled bird with a small naked head with colourful wattles and a knob on top, and was domesticated by the time of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Guinea fowl are hardy, sociable birds that subsist mainly on insects, but also consume grasses and seeds. They will keep a vegetable garden clear of pests and will eat the ticks that carry Lyme disease. They happily roost in trees and give a loud vocal warning of the approach of predators. Their flesh and eggs can be eaten in the same way as chickens, young birds being ready for the table at the age of about four months.

Question: What continent is the evolution of guinea fowl credited to?


Answer: ancient Greeks and Romans.

Question: Who first domesticated the guinea fowl ?


Answer: They will keep a vegetable garden clear of pests and will eat the ticks that carry Lyme disease.

Question: Aside from consumption how are Guinea fowl useful to humans.


Answer: roost in trees and give a loud vocal warning of the approach of predators.

Question: What are Guinea fowl also praised for accomplishing for humans?


Answer: A squab

Context: A squab is the name given to the young of domestic pigeons that are destined for the table. Like other domesticated pigeons, birds used for this purpose are descended from the rock pigeon (Columba livia). Special utility breeds with desirable characteristics are used. Two eggs are laid and incubated for about 17 days. When they hatch, the squabs are fed by both parents on "pigeon's milk", a thick secretion high in protein produced by the crop. Squabs grow rapidly, but are slow to fledge and are ready to leave the nest at 26 to 30 days weighing about 500 g (18 oz). By this time, the adult pigeons will have laid and be incubating another pair of eggs and a prolific pair should produce two squabs every four weeks during a breeding season lasting several months.

Question: What is the gourmet title given to pigeons ?


Answer: rock pigeon (Columba livia)

Question: From what variety of pigeon does the squab decen?


Answer: When they hatch, the squabs are fed by both parents on "pigeon's milk", a thick secretion high in protein produced by the crop

Question: Are squabs treated differently from other piegons by humans aside from consumption?


Answer: a prolific pair should produce two squabs every four weeks during a breeding season lasting several months

Question: How often are pigeons able to breed for the consumption process ?


Answer: Worldwide, more chickens are kept than any other type of poultry

Context: Worldwide, more chickens are kept than any other type of poultry, with over 50 billion birds being raised each year as a source of meat and eggs. Traditionally, such birds would have been kept extensively in small flocks, foraging during the day and housed at night. This is still the case in developing countries, where the women often make important contributions to family livelihoods through keeping poultry. However, rising world populations and urbanization have led to the bulk of production being in larger, more intensive specialist units. These are often situated close to where the feed is grown or near to where the meat is needed, and result in cheap, safe food being made available for urban communities. Profitability of production depends very much on the price of feed, which has been rising. High feed costs could limit further development of poultry production.

Question: What is the most popular type of poulty that is farmed?


Answer: 50 billion birds being raised each year as a source of meat and eggs.

Question: How many birds are routinely raised in the world for the consumption process?


Answer: High feed costs could limit further development of poultry production

Question: How is the cost of the price for animal feed related to the poulty cost for consumers?


Answer: birds would have been kept extensively in small flocks, foraging during the day and housed at night.

Question: Before industrialization how were chickens normally cared for?


Answer: the women often make important contributions to family livelihoods through keeping poultry

Question: What is the major significance of chickens to women in underdeveloped countries?


Answer: the birds have access to natural conditions and can exhibit their normal behaviours

Context: In free-range husbandry, the birds can roam freely outdoors for at least part of the day. Often, this is in large enclosures, but the birds have access to natural conditions and can exhibit their normal behaviours. A more intensive system is yarding, in which the birds have access to a fenced yard and poultry house at a higher stocking rate. Poultry can also be kept in a barn system, with no access to the open air, but with the ability to move around freely inside the building. The most intensive system for egg-laying chickens is battery cages, often set in multiple tiers. In these, several birds share a small cage which restricts their ability to move around and behave in a normal manner. The eggs are laid on the floor of the cage and roll into troughs outside for ease of collection. Battery cages for hens have been illegal in the EU since January 1, 2012.

Question: What is the benefit to chickens of being in a free-range farming location?


Answer: birds have access to a fenced yard and poultry house at a higher stocking rate

Question: What is yarding in relation to the pultry industry?


Answer: battery cages, often set in multiple tiers

Question: What is the most intensive type of enclosure system used in the poultry business?


Answer: The eggs are laid on the floor of the cage and roll into troughs outside for ease of collection

Question: How are eggs collected in teh battery cage system?


Answer: carcass size (2 kg (4.4 lb))

Context: Chickens raised intensively for their meat are known as "broilers". Breeds have been developed that can grow to an acceptable carcass size (2 kg (4.4 lb)) in six weeks or less. Broilers grow so fast, their legs cannot always support their weight and their hearts and respiratory systems may not be able to supply enough oxygen to their developing muscles. Mortality rates at 1% are much higher than for less-intensively reared laying birds which take 18 weeks to reach similar weights. Processing the birds is done automatically with conveyor-belt efficiency. They are hung by their feet, stunned, killed, bled, scalded, plucked, have their heads and feet removed, eviscerated, washed, chilled, drained, weighed, and packed, all within the course of little over two hours.

Question: What is the average size of chickens used extensively for it's meat production raised in an intensive environment?


Answer: six weeks or less

Question: How long does it take for an broiler raisedin an intensive environment very to reach optimum size?


Answer: Mortality rates at 1%

Question: What is the death rate among chickens who are intensivley breed to be broilers?


Answer: their legs cannot always support their weight and their hearts and respiratory systems may not be able to supply enough oxygen to their developing muscles.

Question: Do chicken raised in the intensive broiler method suffer from health condions?


Answer: 18 weeks to reach similar weights

Question: How long does it take for a chicken raised in a less intensive envionment to reach optimal broiler size?


Answer: cannibalism, feather pecking and vent pecking can be common

Context: Both intensive and free-range farming have animal welfare concerns. In intensive systems, cannibalism, feather pecking and vent pecking can be common, with some farmers using beak trimming as a preventative measure. Diseases can also be common and spread rapidly through the flock. In extensive systems, the birds are exposed to adverse weather conditions and are vulnerable to predators and disease-carrying wild birds. Barn systems have been found to have the worst bird welfare. In Southeast Asia, a lack of disease control in free-range farming has been associated with outbreaks of avian influenza.

Question: What are some of the major concerns with intensive breeding programs?


Answer: some farmers using beak trimming as a preventative measure

Question: What harsh measures do farmers use to prevent the chickens from harming themselves or others?


Answer: the birds are exposed to adverse weather conditions and are vulnerable to predators and disease-carrying wild birds.

Question: What are some of the major concerns with extensive breeding programs such as free range ?


Answer: In Southeast Asia, a lack of disease control in free-range farming has been associated with outbreaks of avian influenza.

Question: How is the spread of the avian flu related to the conditions in which chickens are kept?


Answer: Barn systems have been found to have the worst bird welfare.

Question: What is considered the most alarming setting for chickens to be raised in?


Answer: In many countries, national and regional poultry shows are held where enthusiasts exhibit their birds

Context: In many countries, national and regional poultry shows are held where enthusiasts exhibit their birds which are judged on certain phenotypical breed traits as specified by their respective breed standards. The idea of poultry exhibition may have originated after cockfighting was made illegal, as a way of maintaining a competitive element in poultry husbandry. Breed standards were drawn up for egg-laying, meat-type, and purely ornamental birds, aiming for uniformity. Sometimes, poultry shows are part of general livestock shows, and sometimes they are separate events such as the annual "National Championship Show" in the United Kingdom organised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain.

Question: Is there a pplace where lovers of the chicken are able to see some of its best attributes ?


Answer: birds which are judged on certain phenotypical breed traits as specified by their respective breed standards

Question: In such competitions what are the chickens juged on? What attibutes are considered viable?


Answer: Breed standards were drawn up for egg-laying, meat-type, and purely ornamental birds, aiming for uniformity

Question: Are there breed standards used for the competitions?


Answer: the annual "National Championship Show" in the United Kingdom organised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain.

Question: What are some of the most widely known poultry tournaments?


Answer: The idea of poultry exhibition may have originated after cockfighting was made illegal, as a way of maintaining a competitive element in poultry husbandry

Question: From where does the idea of a poultry tournament orginate?


Answer: Poultry is the second most widely eaten type of meat in the world, accounting for about 30% of total meat production worldwide

Context: Poultry is the second most widely eaten type of meat in the world, accounting for about 30% of total meat production worldwide compared to pork at 38%. Sixteen billion birds are raised annually for consumption, more than half of these in industrialised, factory-like production units. Global broiler meat production rose to 84.6 million tonnes in 2013. The largest producers were the United States (20%), China (16.6%), Brazil (15.1%) and the European Union (11.3%). There are two distinct models of production; the European Union supply chain model seeks to supply products which can be traced back to the farm of origin. This model faces the increasing costs of implementing additional food safety requirements, welfare issues and environmental regulations. In contrast, the United States model turns the product into a commodity.

Question: Jo w common is the consumtion of poultry in the world?


Answer: Sixteen billion birds are raised annually

Question: How many animals of the poultry variety are raised for consumtion each year?


Answer: more than half of these in industrialised, factory-like production units

Question: What type of enviornment is poultry most commonly raised in?


Answer: There are two distinct models of production;

Question: How many industry models are followed for the production process of poultry?


Answer: the European Union supply chain model seeks to supply products which can be traced back to the farm of origin

Question: What is the Europeon model of the poultry business ?


Answer: China producing two thirds of the total, some 1.7 billion birds

Context: World production of duck meat was about 4.2 million tonnes in 2011 with China producing two thirds of the total, some 1.7 billion birds. Other notable duck-producing countries in the Far East include Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia and South Korea (12% in total). France (3.5%) is the largest producer in the West, followed by other EU nations (3%) and North America (1.7%). China was also by far the largest producer of goose and guinea fowl meat, with a 94% share of the 2.6 million tonne global market.

Question: How many ducks did China produce for consumption in 2011?


Answer: Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia and South Korea (12% in total)

Question: What other countries are important to the duck husbandry business?


Answer: France (3.5%) is the largest producer in the West,

Question: Who is the largest producer of duck meat among the western nations?


Answer: 94% share

Question: What is the market percentage held by the country that controls the biggest share of the global market for goose and guinea fowl meat


Answer: The meatiest parts of a bird are the flight muscles on its chest, called "breast" meat, and the walking muscles on the legs, called the "thigh" and "drumstick"

Context: Poultry is available fresh or frozen, as whole birds or as joints (cuts), bone-in or deboned, seasoned in various ways, raw or ready cooked. The meatiest parts of a bird are the flight muscles on its chest, called "breast" meat, and the walking muscles on the legs, called the "thigh" and "drumstick". The wings are also eaten (Buffalo wings are a popular example in the United States) and may be split into three segments, the meatier "drumette", the "wingette" (also called the "flat"), and the wing tip (also called the "flapper"). In Japan, the wing is frequently separated, and these parts are referred to as 手羽元 (teba-moto "wing base") and 手羽先 (teba-saki "wing tip").

Question: What is the most substantial part of a birds antomy as it apples to consupmtion og the meat?


Answer: wings are also eaten (Buffalo wings are a popular example in the United States) and may be split into three segments,

Question: Are certain parts of the bird used for particular reasons in relation to receipes?


Answer: fresh or frozen, as whole birds or as joints (cuts), bone-in or deboned, seasoned in various ways, raw or ready cooked.

Question: Is poultry available in various forms?


Answer: The dark colour comes from the protein myoglobin, which plays a key role in oxygen uptake and storage within cells

Context: Dark meat, which avian myologists refer to as "red muscle", is used for sustained activity—chiefly walking, in the case of a chicken. The dark colour comes from the protein myoglobin, which plays a key role in oxygen uptake and storage within cells. White muscle, in contrast, is suitable only for short bursts of activity such as, for chickens, flying. Thus, the chicken's leg and thigh meat are dark, while its breast meat (which makes up the primary flight muscles) is white. Other birds with breast muscle more suitable for sustained flight, such as ducks and geese, have red muscle (and therefore dark meat) throughout. Some cuts of meat including poultry expose the microscopic regular structure of intracellular muscle fibrils which can diffract light and produce iridescent colours, an optical phenomenon sometimes called structural colouration.

Question: Are there reasons for the dark meat that poultry has?


Answer: White muscle, in contrast, is suitable only for short bursts of activity such as, for chickens, flying

Question: What is the white meat of chicken actually used for by the animal ?


Answer: the microscopic regular structure of intracellular muscle fibrils which can diffract light and produce iridescent colours

Question: What causes the meat of some poultry to show rainbow like colr striations?


Answer: birds with breast muscle more suitable for sustained flight, such as ducks and geese, have red muscle (and therefore dark meat) throughout

Question: Do some varities of poultry have more dark meat than others?


Answer: Translational Genomics Research

Context: A 2011 study by the Translational Genomics Research Institute showed that 47% of the meat and poultry sold in United States grocery stores was contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, and 52% of the bacteria concerned showed resistance to at least three groups of antibiotics. Thorough cooking of the product would kill these bacteria, but a risk of cross-contamination from improper handling of the raw product is still present. Also, some risk is present for consumers of poultry meat and eggs to bacterial infections such as Salmonella and Campylobacter. Poultry products may become contaminated by these bacteria during handling, processing, marketing, or storage, resulting in food-borne illness if the product is improperly cooked or handled.

Question: When is it possible for baccteria is enter into poultry before you get it home?


Answer: 47%

Question: What percentage of poultry is tainted with Staphylococcus bacteria?


Answer: Thorough cooking of the product would kill these bacteria,

Question: Are the bacteria that is found on poultry easy to get rid of?


Answer: a risk of cross-contamination from improper handling of the raw product is still present

Question: What considerations do consumers need when using safe handling procedures with poultry regardless of cooking method used??


Answer: people in contact with live poultry are at the greatest risk of becoming infected with the virus

Context: In general, avian influenza is a disease of birds caused by bird-specific influenza A virus that is not normally transferred to people; however, people in contact with live poultry are at the greatest risk of becoming infected with the virus and this is of particular concern in areas such as Southeast Asia, where the disease is endemic in the wild bird population and domestic poultry can become infected. The virus possibly could mutate to become highly virulent and infectious in humans and cause an influenza pandemic.

Question: Is the Avian flu a risk only to animals?


Answer: areas such as Southeast Asia, where the disease is endemic in the wild bird population and domestic poultry can become infected

Question: What portion of the world is considered to be most at risk for the rapid spread of the avian flu?


Answer: The virus possibly could mutate to become highly virulent and infectious in humans and cause an influenza pandemic.

Question: What is the danger to humans in regards to the spread of avian flu to humans ?


Answer: the disease is endemic in the wild bird population and domestic poultry can become infected.

Question: Can the avian flu be sread from wild birds to birds kept in husbandry?


Answer: Many vaccines to infectious diseases can be grown in fertilised chicken eggs.

Context: Bacteria can be grown in the laboratory on nutrient culture media, but viruses need living cells in which to replicate. Many vaccines to infectious diseases can be grown in fertilised chicken eggs. Millions of eggs are used each year to generate the annual flu vaccine requirements, a complex process that takes about six months after the decision is made as to what strains of virus to include in the new vaccine. A problem with using eggs for this purpose is that people with egg allergies are unable to be immunised, but this disadvantage may be overcome as new techniques for cell-based rather than egg-based culture become available. Cell-based culture will also be useful in a pandemic when it may be difficult to acquire a sufficiently large quantity of suitable sterile, fertile eggs.

Question: What are poultry eggs used for aside from consumption?


Answer: egg allergies are unable to be immunised

Question: What is the major difficulty faced in using poultry to cultivate vaccines?


Answer: process that takes about six months

Question: How long does it take for the flu vaccine to be fully ready for deployment into the population ?


Answer: viruses need living cells in which to replicate

Question: In order to make a vaccine , what do viruses require that bacteria does not?


Answer: . Cell-based culture

Question: What new technology is being used in teh vaccine making process that will make vaccines safer and eaier for most consumers?


Answer: protein of high quality

Context: Poultry meat and eggs provide nutritionally beneficial food containing protein of high quality. This is accompanied by low levels of fat which have a favourable mix of fatty acids. Chicken meat contains about two to three times as much polyunsaturated fat as most types of red meat when measured by weight. However, for boneless, skinless chicken breast, the amount is much lower. A 100-g serving of baked chicken breast contains 4 g of fat and 31 g of protein, compared to 10 g of fat and 27 g of protein for the same portion of broiled, lean skirt steak.

Question: What is the nutitional value to humans of poultry and poultry products?


Answer: 4 g of fat and 31 g of protein

Question: What is the fat and protien content of a 100g ram serving of baked chicken breast contain ?


Answer: two to three times as much polyunsaturated fat as most types of red meat

Question: How much healthy fat in in the average serving of poultry?


Answer: low levels of fat which have a favourable mix of fatty acids

Question: Does chicken contain fat?


Answer: 1893

Context: Arsenal was the first club from the south of England to join The Football League, in 1893. They entered the First Division in 1904, and have since accumulated the second most points. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division. In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1988 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position.

Question: In what year did Arsenal join The Football League?


Answer: five

Question: During the 1930s, Arsenal won how many League Championships?


Answer: 1970–71

Question: When did Arsenal win their first Double Cup?


Answer: five

Question: Over a 17 year period which began in the late 80s, stretching five years into the new millenia, how many FA Cups did Arsenal win?


Answer: Arsenal

Question: What was the first football club from southern England to join The Football League?


Answer: 1893

Question: When did Arsenal join the Football League?


Answer: 1904

Question: In what year did Arsenal qualify to be in the First Division?


Answer: five

Question: How many league championships did Arsenal win in the 1930s?


Answer: highest average

Question: What was Arsenal's league position ranking at the end of the last century?


Answer: Dial Square

Context: In 1886, Woolwich munitions workers founded the club as Dial Square. In 1913, the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury. They became Tottenham Hotspur's nearest club, commencing the North London derby. In 2006, they moved to the Emirates Stadium in nearby Holloway. Arsenal earned €435.5m in 2014–15, with the Emirates Stadium generating the highest revenue in world football. Based on social media activity from 2014–15, Arsenal's fanbase is the fifth largest in the world. Forbes estimates the club was worth $1.3 billion in 2015.

Question: What was the original name of the Arsenal team?


Answer: 1886

Question: When was Arsenal originally formed?


Answer: 1913

Question: When did Arsenal become based in Highbury?


Answer: 2006

Question: In what year did Arsenal move to Holloway?


Answer: $1.3 billion

Question: How does Forbe's believe the Arsenal club was worth in 2015?


Answer: workers

Context: Arsenal Football Club was formed as Dial Square in 1886 by workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich, south-east London, and were renamed Royal Arsenal shortly afterwards. The club was renamed again to Woolwich Arsenal after becoming a limited company in 1893. The club became the first southern member of the Football League in 1893, starting out in the Second Division, and won promotion to the First Division in 1904. The club's relative geographic isolation resulted in lower attendances than those of other clubs, which led to the club becoming mired in financial problems and effectively bankrupt by 1910, when they were taken over by businessmen Henry Norris and William Hall. Norris sought to move the club elsewhere, and in 1913, soon after relegation back to the Second Division, Arsenal moved to the new Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, north London; they dropped "Woolwich" from their name the following year. Arsenal only finished in fifth place in the second division during the last pre-war competitive season of 1914–15, but were nevertheless elected to rejoin the First Division when competitive football resumed in 1919–20, at the expense of local rivals Tottenham Hotspur. Some books have reported that this election to division 1 was achieved by dubious means.

Question: What group from the munitions plant in Woolwich formed the Arsenal club?


Answer: 1893

Question: By what year had Arsenal become a limited company?


Answer: 1913

Question: When did Arsenal move to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury?


Answer: second division

Question: In which division was Arsenal ranked by the start of WWI?


Answer: First Division

Question: By 1920 where was Arsenal ranked in division?


Answer: Herbert Chapman

Context: Arsenal appointed Herbert Chapman as manager in 1925. Having already won the league twice with Huddersfield Town in 1923–24 and 1924–25 (see Seasons in English football), Chapman brought Arsenal their first period of major success. His revolutionary tactics and training, along with the signings of star players such as Alex James and Cliff Bastin, laid the foundations of the club's domination of English football in the 1930s. Under his guidance Arsenal won their first major trophies – victory in the 1930 FA Cup Final preceded two League Championships, in 1930–31 and 1932–33. In addition, Chapman was behind the 1932 renaming of the local London Underground station from "Gillespie Road" to "Arsenal", making it the only Tube station to be named specifically after a football club.

Question: What manager was appointed to lead Arsenal in 1925?


Answer: revolutionary

Question: What was Chapman's style of tactics that provided the basis for the Arsenal club's success?


Answer: 1930s

Question: In what decade did Arsenal dominate in English football?


Answer: Chapman

Question: What football club manager got an underground station renamed for Arsenal?


Answer: 1930 FA Cup Final

Question: What was one of Arsenal's first major wins?


Answer: 1966

Context: Arsenal began winning silverware again with the surprise appointment of club physiotherapist Bertie Mee as manager in 1966. After losing two League Cup finals, they won their first European trophy, the 1969–70 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. This was followed by an even greater triumph: their first League and FA Cup double in 1970–71. This marked a premature high point of the decade; the Double-winning side was soon broken up and the following decade was characterised by a series of near misses, starting with Arsenal finishing as FA Cup runners up in 1972, and First Division runners-up in 1972–73.

Question: When was Bertie Mee become manager of Arsenal?


Answer: physiotherapist

Question: What position did Mee hold in the Arsenal club prior to becoming manager?


Answer: 1969–70

Question: In which season did Arsenal win its first European trophy?


Answer: decade

Question: For how long after Arsenal's first trophy win the team do poorly competitions?


Answer: 1970–71

Question: In what season did Arsenal win their first League and FA Cup double?


Answer: 9 July 1976

Context: Terry Neill was recruited by the Arsenal board to replace Bertie Mee on 9 July 1976 and at the age of 34 he became the youngest Arsenal manager to date. With new signings like Malcolm Macdonald and Pat Jennings, and a crop of talent in the side such as Liam Brady and Frank Stapleton, the club enjoyed their best form since the 1971 double, reaching a trio of FA Cup finals (1978, 1979 and 1980), and losing the 1980 European Cup Winners' Cup Final on penalties. The club's only success during this time was a last-minute 3–2 victory over Manchester United in the 1979 FA Cup Final, widely regarded as a classic.

Question: On what date was Bertie Mee replaced by Arsenal?


Answer: Terry Neill

Question: What Arsenal manager replaced Mee?


Answer: new signings

Question: What action brought prosperity to Arsenal?


Answer: trio

Question: What number of cup finals did Arsenal reach in


Answer: 1978, 1979 and 1980

Question: In what years did Arsenal get into the FA Cup finals?


Answer: George Graham

Context: The return of former player George Graham as manager in 1986 brought a third period of glory. Arsenal won the League Cup in 1987, Graham's first season in charge. This was followed by a League title win in 1988–89, won with a last-minute goal in the final game of the season against fellow title challengers Liverpool. Graham's Arsenal won another title in 1990–91, losing only one match, won the FA Cup and League Cup double in 1993, and a second European trophy, the European Cup Winners' Cup, in 1994. Graham's reputation was tarnished when he was found to have taken kickbacks from agent Rune Hauge for signing certain players, and he was dismissed in 1995. His replacement, Bruce Rioch, lasted for only one season, leaving the club after a dispute with the board of directors.

Question: What former Arsenal player became manager in 1986?


Answer: League Cup

Question: Under the direction of Graham, what trophy did Arsenal win in 1987?


Answer: Liverpool

Question: What competitor did Arsenal defeat to win a league title in the 1988-89 season?


Answer: 1994

Question: In what year did Arsenal win their second European cup?


Answer: kickbacks

Question: What action did Graham get caught doing to get fired by Arsenal?


Answer: Arsène Wenger

Context: The club's success in the late 1990s and first decade of the 21st century owed a great deal to the 1996 appointment of Arsène Wenger as manager. Wenger brought new tactics, a new training regime and several foreign players who complemented the existing English talent. Arsenal won a second League and Cup double in 1997–98 and a third in 2001–02. In addition, the club reached the final of the 1999–2000 UEFA Cup (losing on penalties to Galatasaray), were victorious in the 2003 and 2005 FA Cups, and won the Premier League in 2003–04 without losing a single match, an achievement which earned the side the nickname "The Invincibles". The feat came within a run of 49 league matches unbeaten from 7 May 2003 to 24 October 2004, a national record.

Question: What manager in the late 1990s brought success to Arsenal?


Answer: foreign players

Question: Besides improved tactics and training, what did Wenger add to the Arsenal team?


Answer: 1997–98

Question: In what season did Arsenal win their second League and Cup double?


Answer: penalties

Question: What caused Arsenal's loss to Galatasarey in the 1999-2000 season?


Answer: Premier League

Question: What trophy did Arsenal win in the 2003-2004 season without losing a match?