Answer: is set (but not filmed) in New Haven

Question: What relations does the television show Gilmore Girls have to New Haven city?


Answer: Jim Morrison

Context: New Haven was the location of one of Jim Morrison's infamous arrests while he fronted the rock group The Doors. The near-riotous concert and arrest in 1967 at the New Haven Arena was commemorated by Morrison in the lyrics to "Peace Frog" which include the line "...blood in the streets in the town of New Haven..." This was the first time a rock star had ever been arrested in concert.[citation needed] This event is portrayed in the movie The Doors (1991), starring Val Kilmer as Morrison, with a concert hall in Los Angeles used to depict the New Haven Arena.

Question: What infamous Doors frontman was once arrested in New Haven?


Answer: New Haven Arena

Question: At what venue was Jim Morrison arrested in New Haven?


Answer: "Peace Frog"

Question: What Morrison song pays homage to his New Haven arrest while mentioning the town by name?


Answer: The Doors

Question: What 1991 film depicts the 1979 Morrison arrest in New Haven?


Answer: Jim Morrison

Question: A popular 70s rock band group once played in New Haven, which result in an accident with one of it member, the man name was?


Answer: "Peace Frog"

Question: What was the song sung that lead to the arrest of Morrison?


Answer: The Doors

Question: The event in 1967 later lead to inspiration of what movie in 1991?


Answer: Los Angeles

Question: The movie The Doors however did not film at New Haven, instead where did they film the reenactment?


Answer: 29,672

Context: Brigham Young University (often referred to as BYU or, colloquially, The Y) is a private research university located in Provo, Utah, United States. It is owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), and, excluding online students, is the largest of any religious university and the third largest private university in the United States, with 29,672 on-campus students. Approximately 99 percent of the students are members of the LDS Church, and one-third of its US students are from Utah.

Question: How many students attend BYU on campus?


Answer: 99 percent

Question: How many of the students are also members of the Latter Day Saints Church?


Answer: one-third

Question: What portion of students are native Utah residents?


Answer: Provo, Utah

Question: Where is Brigham Young University?


Answer: third

Question: What is BYU's ranking among private universities?


Answer: 29,672

Question: How many students currently attend BYU on-campus?


Answer: Provo, Utah

Question: Where is BYU's main campus?


Answer: third

Question: What is BYU's ranking among private universities?


Answer: one-third

Question: How many of BYU's students are native Utah residents?


Answer: one-third

Question: What percentage of BYU students are from Utah?


Answer: Approximately 99 percent

Question: What percentage of BYU students are members of the LDS Church?


Answer: the third largest

Question: How is BYU's size ranked among all private university's in the U.S.?


Answer: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Question: What does LDS stand for?


Answer: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Question: Who owns and operates Brigham University?


Answer: to serve as Mormon missionaries

Context: Students attending BYU are required to follow an honor code, which mandates behavior in line with LDS teachings such as academic honesty, adherence to dress and grooming standards, and abstinence from extramarital sex and from the consumption of drugs and alcohol. Many students (88 percent of men, 33 percent of women) either delay enrollment or take a hiatus from their studies to serve as Mormon missionaries. (Men typically serve for two-years, while women serve for 18 months.) An education at BYU is also less expensive than at similar private universities, since "a significant portion" of the cost of operating the university is subsidized by the church's tithing funds.

Question: For what reason to many student's postpone their enrollment to BYU?


Answer: the church's tithing funds

Question: What is the source of much of BYU's funding?


Answer: 33 percent

Question: How many women at BYU do missionary work?


Answer: two-years

Question: What is the average amount of time men serve as missionaries?


Answer: LDS teachings

Question: What is the basis of the behavioral code at BYU?


Answer: the church's tithing funds

Question: What is a significant portion of the BYU's operating costs subsidized by?


Answer: 88

Question: What percentage of men delay their BYU enrollment to serve as a Mormon missionary?


Answer: 33

Question: What percentage of women delay their BYU enrollment to serve as a Mormon missionary?


Answer: less expensive

Question: How does the cost of attending BYU compare to the cost of attending similar universities?


Answer: drugs and alcohol

Question: What do all students at BYU agree to abstain from consuming?


Answer: undergraduate education

Context: BYU offers programs in liberal arts, engineering, agriculture, management, physical and mathematical sciences, nursing and law. The university is broadly organized into 11 colleges or schools at its main Provo campus, with certain colleges and divisions defining their own admission standards. The university also administers two satellite campuses, one in Jerusalem and one in Salt Lake City, while its parent organization, the Church Educational System (CES), sponsors sister schools in Hawaii and Idaho. The university's primary focus is on undergraduate education, but it also has 68 master's and 25 doctoral degree programs.

Question: What is BYU's main focal point?


Answer: Jerusalem

Question: What foreign city holds a branch campus of BYU?


Answer: Church Educational System

Question: What institution controls BYU?


Answer: Hawaii and Idaho

Question: Where are BYU's sibling schools located?


Answer: 68

Question: How many master's programs does BYU have?


Answer: 11

Question: How many colleges make up BYU at its main campus?


Answer: two

Question: How many satellite campuses are run by BYU?


Answer: the Church Educational System (CES)

Question: What is BYU's parent organization?


Answer: Hawaii and Idaho

Question: Where does CES sponsor BYU's sister schools?


Answer: October 16, 1875

Context: Brigham Young University's origin can be traced back to 1862 when a man named Warren Dusenberry started a Provo school in a prominent adobe building called Cluff Hall, which was located in the northeast corner of 200 East and 200 North. On October 16, 1875, Brigham Young, then president of the LDS Church, personally purchased the Lewis Building after previously hinting that a school would be built in Draper, Utah in 1867. Hence, October 16, 1875 is commonly held as BYU's founding date. Said Young about his vision: "I hope to see an Academy established in Provo... at which the children of the Latter-day Saints can receive a good education unmixed with the pernicious atheistic influences that are found in so many of the higher schools of the country."

Question: When was the first property for what would become BYU acquired?


Answer: Brigham Young

Question: Who was responsible for acquiring BYU's first building?


Answer: Draper, Utah

Question: Where was Brigham Young's school originally believed to be located?


Answer: Warren Dusenberry

Question: Who began the school that previously existed at the site where BYU is now located?


Answer: 1862

Question: What year can BYU's origin be traced to with a building called Cluff Hall?


Answer: Brigham Young

Question: Which president of the LDS church purchased the Lewis Building after hinting at the building of a school?


Answer: atheistic

Question: What type of influences did Brigham Young hope to avoid with BYU?


Answer: 1867

Question: What is the commonly held founding year of BYU?


Answer: children of the Latter-day Saints

Question: Who did Brigham Young hope to educate via BYU?


Answer: University of Deseret

Context: The school broke off from the University of Deseret and became Brigham Young Academy, with classes commencing on January 3, 1876. Warren Dusenberry served as interim principal of the school for several months until April 1876 when Brigham Young's choice for principal arrived—a German immigrant named Karl Maeser. Under Maeser's direction the school educated many luminaries including future U.S. Supreme Court Justice George Sutherland and future U.S. Senator Reed Smoot among others. The school, however, did not become a university until the end of Benjamin Cluff, Jr's term at the helm of the institution. At that time, the school was also still privately supported by members of the community and was not absorbed and sponsored officially by the LDS Church until July 18, 1896. A series of odd managerial decisions by Cluff led to his demotion; however, in his last official act, he proposed to the Board that the Academy be named "Brigham Young University". The suggestion received a large amount of opposition, with many members of the Board saying that the school wasn't large enough to be a university, but the decision ultimately passed. One opponent to the decision, Anthon H. Lund, later said, "I hope their head will grow big enough for their hat."

Question: What college did BYU separate from to become its own entity?


Answer: January 3, 1876

Question: When did BYU first open its doors to students?


Answer: Warren Dusenberry

Question: Who was the head of the school for its first few months?


Answer: July 18, 1896

Question: When did the Latter Day Saints Church acknowledge and begin to support BYU?


Answer: Benjamin Cluff, Jr

Question: Who is responsible for proposing BYU's current name?


Answer: University of Deseret

Question: Which school did Brigham Young Acadamy, now BYU, break off from in 1876?


Answer: Karl Maeser

Question: Who was the first Brigham Young Acadamy, now BYU, principal chosen by Brigham Young?


Answer: a university

Question: What did Brigham Young Acadamy become at the end of Benjamin Cluff Jr's term at the helm?


Answer: members of the community

Question: Who was BYU supported by before being sponsored by the LDS Church?


Answer: "I hope their head will grow big enough for their hat."

Question: What did Board opponent Anthon H. Lund say after Brigham voted to change their name to a University?


Answer: 1903

Context: In 1903, Brigham Young Academy was dissolved, and was replaced by two institutions: Brigham Young High School, and Brigham Young University. (The BY High School class of 1907 was ultimately responsible for the famous giant "Y" that is to this day embedded on a mountain near campus.) The Board elected George H. Brimhall as the new President of BYU. He had not received a high school education until he was forty. Nevertheless, he was an excellent orator and organizer. Under his tenure in 1904 the new Brigham Young University bought 17 acres (69,000 m2) of land from Provo called "Temple Hill". After some controversy among locals over BYU's purchase of this property, construction began in 1909 on the first building on the current campus, the Karl G. Maeser Memorial. Brimhall also presided over the University during a brief crisis involving the theory of evolution. The religious nature of the school seemed at the time to collide with this scientific theory. Joseph F. Smith, LDS Church president, settled the question for a time by asking that evolution not be taught at the school. A few have described the school at this time as nothing more than a "religious seminary". However, many of its graduates at this time would go on to great success and become well renowned in their fields.

Question: In what year was Brigham Young Academy split into two separate schools?


Answer: Temple Hill

Question: What was the name of the land purchased by BYU in 1904?


Answer: forty

Question: How old was George H. Brimhall when he completed High School?


Answer: evolution

Question: What topic was excluded from being taught at BYU?


Answer: George H. Brimhall

Question: Who was chosen to head BYU?


Answer: Brigham Young High School, and Brigham Young University

Question: In 1903, which two institutions was Brigham Young Univesity replaced with?


Answer: BY High School class of 1907

Question: Who we responsible for the giant "Y" that is embedded on a mountain near the campus?


Answer: forty

Question: At what age did BYU's elected president in 1904, George H. Brimhall, receive his high school education?


Answer: the theory of evolution

Question: What brief crisis rose in the school at the time of Brimhall's presidency that caused the crises' theory to not be taught for a time?


Answer: Temple Hill

Question: What property was George Brimhall responsible for purchasing for the campus?


Answer: doctoral degree

Context: Franklin S. Harris was appointed the university's president in 1921. He was the first BYU president to have a doctoral degree. Harris made several important changes to the school, reorganizing it into a true university, whereas before, its organization had remnants of the Academy days. At the beginning of his tenure, the school was not officially recognized as a university by any accreditation organization. By the end of his term, the school was accredited under all major accrediting organizations at the time. He was eventually replaced by Howard S. McDonald, who received his doctorate from the University of California. When he first received the position, the Second World War had just ended, and thousands of students were flooding into BYU. By the end of his stay, the school had grown nearly five times to an enrollment of 5,440 students. The university did not have the facilities to handle such a large influx, so he bought part of an Air Force Base in Ogden, Utah and rebuilt it to house some of the students. The next president, Ernest L. Wilkinson, also oversaw a period of intense growth, as the school adopted an accelerated building program. Wilkinson was responsible for the building of over eighty structures on the campus, many of which still stand. During his tenure, the student body increased six times, making BYU the largest private school at the time. The quality of the students also increased, leading to higher educational standards at the school. Finally, Wilkinson reorganized the LDS Church units on campus, with ten stakes and over 100 wards being added during his administration.

Question: What sort of credentials did Franklin S. Harris have?


Answer: Franklin S. Harris

Question: Who was responsible for getting BYU acknowledged as an official university?


Answer: an Air Force Base

Question: What was purchased to accommodate more students?


Answer: Ernest L. Wilkinson

Question: Which president was responsible for the most amount of growth to the campus?


Answer: nearly five times

Question: How much did the student body expand under Howard S. McDonald?


Answer: doctoral

Question: What type of degree did BYU's appointed president of 1921, Franklin S. Harris have that no former BYU president had?


Answer: Franklin S. Harris

Question: Which BYU president was responsible for BYU becoming fully accredited under all major organizations?


Answer: the Second World War had just ended

Question: What event prompted BYU Pres. Howard S. MacDonald to purchase a portion of an Air Force Base to house a sudden influx of students?


Answer: six times

Question: How much did the studen body of BYU increase under the term of Pres. Ernest L. Wilkinson to become the largest private school at the time?


Answer: over 100

Question: How many new LDS Church wards were added during Wilkinson's presidency?


Answer: Jeffrey R. Holland

Context: Dallin H. Oaks replaced Wilkinson as president in 1971. Oaks continued the expansion of his predecessor, adding a law school and proposing plans for a new School of Management. During his administration, a new library was also added, doubling the library space on campus. Jeffrey R. Holland followed as president in 1980, encouraging a combination of educational excellence and religious faith at the university. He believed that one of the school's greatest strengths was its religious nature and that this should be taken advantage of rather than hidden. During his administration, the university added a campus in Jerusalem, now called the BYU Jerusalem Center. In 1989, Holland was replaced by Rex E. Lee. Lee was responsible for the Benson Science Building and the Museum of Art on campus. A cancer victim, Lee is memorialized annually at BYU during a cancer fundraiser called the Rex Lee Run. Shortly before his death, Lee was replaced in 1995 by Merrill J. Bateman.

Question: Who was responsible for the BYU's first campus outside of the U.S.?


Answer: Rex E. Lee

Question: Which BYU president suffered from a terminal illness?


Answer: Merrill J. Bateman

Question: Who succeeded Rex E. Lee?


Answer: Dallin H. Oaks

Question: Who is responsible for the university's expansion into law and management schools?


Answer: its religious nature

Question: What did Jeffrey R. Holland believe to be BYU's strongest asset?


Answer: law

Question: Which new BYU school was added under Pres. Dallin H. Oaks in 1971?


Answer: Jerusalem

Question: In which foreign country did Jeffrey R. Holland open a BYU campus during his presidency?


Answer: cancer fundraiser called the Rex Lee Run

Question: What annual event at BYU is carried out in memory of former president Rex E. Lee, who built the Museum of Art on campus?


Answer: its religious nature

Question: What was believed to be one of the schools greatest strengths by Pres. Jeffrey R. Holland?


Answer: BYU Jerusalem Center

Question: What is the name of the BYU campus in Jerusulem?


Answer: the September 11th attacks

Context: Bateman was responsible for the building of 36 new buildings for the university both on and off campus, including the expansion of the Harold B. Lee Library. He was also one of several key college leaders who brought about the creation of the Mountain West Conference, which BYU's athletics program joined — BYU previously participated in the Western Athletic Conference. A BYU satellite TV network also opened in 2000 under his leadership. Bateman was also president during the September 11th attacks in 2001. The planes crashed on a Tuesday, hours before the weekly devotional normally held at BYU. Previous plans for the devotional were altered, as Bateman led the student body in a prayer for peace. Bateman was followed by Cecil O. Samuelson in 2003. Samuelson was succeeded by Kevin J Worthen in 2014.

Question: What infamous event occurred during Bateman's term as president?


Answer: the Western Athletic Conference

Question: What was the name of the event the athletic program was involved with prior to the Mountain West Conference?


Answer: 2000

Question: In what year did the school begin a BYU television network?


Answer: Kevin J Worthen

Question: Who replaced Bateman's successor?


Answer: satellite

Question: What type of BYU TV network opened in 2000 under Pres. Merrill J. Bateman?


Answer: led the student body in a prayer for peace

Question: What did Pres. Bateman replace a scheduled devotial to do following the Sept. 11th, 2001 attacks?


Answer: Harold B. Lee Library

Question: What library was Pres. Bateman responsible for expanding?


Answer: the Mountain West Conference

Question: What did BYU's athletic program join under Pres. Bateman?


Answer: the Western Athletic Conference

Question: Which did BYU's athletic program belong to before joining the Mountain West Conference?


Answer: 49

Context: BYU accepted 49 percent of the 11,423 people who applied for admission in the summer term and fall semester of 2013. The average GPA for these admitted students was 3.82. U.S. News and World Report describes BYU's selectivity as being "more selective" and compares it with such universities as the University of Texas at Austin and The Ohio State University. In addition, BYU is ranked 26th in colleges with the most freshman Merit Scholars, with 88 in 2006. BYU has one of the highest percentage of accepted applicants that go on to enroll (78 percent in 2010).

Question: What percentage of applicants did BYU accept for it's summer term and fall semester in 2013?


Answer: 3.82

Question: What was the average GPA for the accepted students in 2013?


Answer: 78

Question: What percentage of accepted BYU students went on to enroll in 2010?


Answer: 26th

Question: What is BYU's ranking in colleges with the most freshman Merit Scholars?


Answer: 88

Question: How many freshman at BYU were Merit Scholars in 2006?


Answer: Forbes Magazine

Context: For 2016, U.S. News & World Report ranked BYU as tied for 66th for national universities in the United States. A 2013 Quarterly Journal of Economics study of where the nation's top high school students choose to enroll ranked BYU No. 21 in its peer-reviewed study. The Princeton Review has ranked BYU the best value for college in 2007, and its library is consistently ranked in the nation's top ten — No. 1 in 2004 and No. 4 in 2007. BYU is also ranked No. 19 in the U.S. News and World Report's "Great Schools, Great Prices" lineup, and No. 12 in lowest student-incurred debt. Due in part to the school's emphasis on undergraduate research, in rankings for 2008-2009, BYU was ranked No. 10 nationally for the number of students who go on to earn PhDs, No. 1 nationally for students who go on to dental school, No. 6 nationally for students who go on to law school, and No. 10 nationally for students who go on to medical school. BYU is designated as a research university with high research activity by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.]] Forbes Magazine ranked it as the No. 1 "Top University to Work For in 2014" and as the best college in Utah.

Question: Who ranked BYU as the best college in Utah?


Answer: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching

Question: Who designated BYU as having high research activity?


Answer: The Princeton Review

Question: Who ranked BYU the vest value for college in 2007?


Answer: U.S. News and World Report's "Great Schools, Great Prices" lineup

Question: Where was BYU ranked No. 12 in schools with the lowest student-incurred debt?


Answer: No. 10

Question: In 2008-2009, how was BYU ranked nationally for the number of students who go on to earn PhDs?


Answer: BusinessWeek

Context: In 2009, the university's Marriott School of Management received a No. 5 ranking by BusinessWeek for its undergraduate programs, and its MBA program was ranked by several sources: No. 22 ranking by BusinessWeek, No. 16 by Forbes, and No. 29 by U.S. News & World Report. Among regional schools the MBA program was ranked No. 1 by The Wall Street Journal's most recent ranking (2007), and it was ranked No. 92 among business schools worldwide in 2009 by Financial Times. For 2009, the university's School of Accountancy, which is housed within the Marriott School, received two No. 3 rankings for its undergraduate program—one by Public Accounting Report and the other by U.S. News & World Report. The same two reporting agencies also ranked the school's MAcc program No. 3 and No. 8 in the nation, respectively. In 2010, an article in the Wall Street Journal listing institutions whose graduates were the top-rated by recruiters ranked BYU No. 11. Using 2010 fiscal year data, the Association of University Technology Managers ranked BYU No. 3 in an evaluation of universities creating the most startup companies through campus research.

Question: Who ranked BYU's Marriott School of Mangement as No. 5 for it's undergrad programs in 2009?


Answer: The Wall Street Journal

Question: Who ranked BYU's MBA program No. 1 among regional schools in 2007?


Answer: No. 3

Question: Using 2010 data, how was BYU ranked as a university creating the most startup companies through campus research?


Answer: Wall Street Journal

Question: Who ranked BYU as No. 11 of institutions whose grads were top-rated by recruiters in a 2010 article?


Answer: No. 92

Question: How did Financial Times rank BYU among business schools worldwide in 2009?


Answer: College of Engineering

Context: Scientists associated with BYU have created some notable inventions. Philo T. Farnsworth, inventor of the electronic television, received his education at BYU, and later returned to do fusion research, receiving an honorary degree from the university. Harvey Fletcher, also an alumnus of BYU, inventor of stereophonic sound, went on to carry out the now famous oil-drop experiment with Robert Millikan, and was later Founding Dean of the BYU College of Engineering. H. Tracy Hall, inventor of the man-made diamond, left General Electric in 1955 and became a full professor of chemistry and Director of Research at BYU. While there, he invented a new type of diamond press, the tetrahedral press. In student achievements, BYU Ad Lab teams won both the 2007 and 2008 L'Oréal National Brandstorm Competition, and students developed the Magnetic Lasso algorithm found in Adobe Photoshop. In prestigious scholarships, BYU has produced 10 Rhodes Scholars, four Gates Scholars in the last six years, and in the last decade has claimed 41 Fulbright scholars and 3 Jack Kent Cooke scholars.

Question: Which BYU college was founded by former alumnus Harvey Fletcher?


Answer: the electronic television

Question: What did alumnus Philo T. Farnsworth invent before receiving his honorary degree from the college?


Answer: Tracy Hall

Question: Which notable former BYU student invented the man-made diamond?


Answer: a new type of diamond press, the tetrahedral press

Question: What did former student Tracy Hall invent as a BYU professor of chemistry and Director of Research?


Answer: Magnetic Lasso

Question: Which BYU student produced algorithm is found in Adobe Photoshop?


Answer: Over three quarters

Context: Over three quarters of the student body has some proficiency in a second language (numbering 107 languages in total). This is partially due to the fact that 45 percent of the student body at BYU has been missionaries for LDS Church, and many of them learned a foreign language as part of their mission assignment. During any given semester, about one-third of the student body is enrolled in foreign language classes, a rate nearly four times the national average. BYU offers courses in over 60 different languages, many with advanced courses that are seldom offered elsewhere. Several of its language programs are the largest of their kind in the nation, the Russian program being one example. The university was selected by the United States Department of Education as the location of the national Middle East Language Resource Center, making the school a hub for experts on that region. It was also selected as a Center for International Business Education Research, a function of which is to train business employees in international languages and relations.

Question: What percentage of the student body of BYU has some proficiency in a second language?


Answer: 45 percent of the student body at BYU has been missionaries for LDS Church

Question: What can be attributed to BYU's high percentage of second language proficient students?


Answer: over 60

Question: How many languages are offered as courses at BYU?


Answer: largest of their kind in the nation

Question: What designation does BYU's Russian language program hold?


Answer: United States Department of Education

Question: Who chose BYU as the location of the national Middle East Language Resource Center?


Answer: Nearly 2,000

Context: Beyond this, BYU also runs a very large study abroad program, with satellite centers in London, Jerusalem, and Paris, as well as more than 20 other sites. Nearly 2,000 students take advantage of these programs yearly. In 2001, the Institute of International Education ranked BYU as the number one university in the U.S. to offer students study abroad opportunities. The BYU Jerusalem Center, which was closed in 2000 due to student security concerns related to the Second Intifada and, more recently, the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, was reopened to students in the Winter 2007 semester.

Question: How manys students take advantage of BYU's study abroad programs?


Answer: number one

Question: How did the Institute of International Education rank BYU in 2009 compared with U.S. universities that offer study abroad opportunities?


Answer: BYU Jerusalem Center

Question: Which foreign BYU campus was closed in 2000 due to security concerns?


Answer: Winter 2007 semester

Question: When was the BYU Jerusalem Center reopened for students following it's closure in 2000?


Answer: 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict

Question: What was the most recent conflict that affected the closure of BYU Jerusalem Center from 2000-2007?


Answer: BYU's International Cinema

Context: A few special additions enhance the language-learning experience. For example, BYU's International Cinema, featuring films in several languages, is the largest and longest-running university-run foreign film program in the country. As already noted, BYU also offers an intensive foreign language living experience, the Foreign Language Student Residence. This is an on-campus apartment complex where students commit to speak only their chosen foreign language while in their apartments. Each apartment has at least one native speaker to ensure correct language usage.

Question: What is the largest and longest-running university-run foreign film program in the U.S.?


Answer: Foreign Language Student Residence

Question: What is the name of BYU's foreign language living experience?


Answer: only their chosen foreign language

Question: As part of the Foreign Language Student Residence program, what do students commit to speak while in their apartments?


Answer: at least one

Question: How many native speakers are in each apartment building in the Foreign Language Student Residence program?


Answer: International Cinema

Question: Which BYU building features films in several languages?


Answer: 1992

Context: In 1992, the university drafted a new Statement on Academic Freedom, specifying that limitations may be placed upon "expression with students or in public that: (1) contradicts or opposes, rather than analyzes or discusses, fundamental Church doctrine or policy; (2) deliberately attacks or derides the Church or its general leaders; or (3) violates the Honor Code because the expression is dishonest, illegal, unchaste, profane, or unduly disrespectful of others." These restrictions have caused some controversy as several professors have been disciplined according to the new rule. The American Association of University Professors has claimed that "infringements on academic freedom are distressingly common and that the climate for academic freedom is distressingly poor." The new rules have not affected BYU's accreditation, as the university's chosen accrediting body allows "religious colleges and universities to place limitations on academic freedom so long as they publish those limitations candidly", according to associate academic vice president Jim Gordon. The AAUP's concern was not with restrictions on the faculty member's religious expression but with a failure, as alleged by the faculty member and AAUP, that the restrictions had not been adequately specified in advance by BYU: "The AAUP requires that any doctrinal limitations on academic freedom be laid out clearly in writing. We [AAUP] concluded that BYU had failed to do so adequately."

Question: In what year did BYU draft a new Statement on Academic Freedom?


Answer: contradicts or opposes

Question: The new Statement on Academic Freedom allows students to analyze and discuss Church doctrine but does not allow student expressions that do what?


Answer: Honor Code

Question: What cannot be violated because the expression is dishonest according to the new Statement on Academic Freedom?


Answer: several

Question: How many professors have been disciplined according to the new Statement on Academic Freedom?


Answer: The American Association of University Professors

Question: Who claimed that infringements on academic freedom are distressingly common and that the climate for academic freedom is distressingly por?


Answer: Church Educational System of LDS Church

Context: Brigham Young University is a part of the Church Educational System of LDS Church. It is organized under a Board of Trustees, with the President of the Church (currently Thomas S. Monson) as chairman. This board consists of the same people as the Church Board of Education, a pattern that has been in place since 1939. Prior to 1939, BYU had a separate board of trustees that was subordinate to the Church Board of Education. The President of BYU, currently Kevin J Worthen, reports to the Board, through the Commissioner of Education.

Question: Which system is BYU part of?


Answer: President of the Church (currently Thomas S. Monson)

Question: Who acts as chairman of BYU?


Answer: Church Board of Education

Question: What board do the members of the BYU Board of Trustees also belong to?


Answer: Prior to 1939

Question: When did BYU have a separate board of trustees?


Answer: through the Commissioner of Education

Question: How does the President of BYU report to the Board?


Answer: there is no Spring break

Context: The university operates under 11 colleges or schools, which collectively offer 194 bachelor's degree programs, 68 master's degree programs, 25 PhD programs, and a Juris Doctor program. BYU also manages some courses and majors through the David M. Kennedy Center for International Studies and "miscellaneous" college departments, including Undergraduate Education, Graduate Studies, Independent Study, Continuing Education, and the Honors Program. BYU's Winter semester ends earlier than most universities in April since there is no Spring break, thus allowing students to pursue internships and other summer activities earlier. A typical academic year is broken up into two semesters: Fall (September–December) and Winter (January–April), as well as two shorter terms during the summer months: Spring (May–June) and Summer (July–August).

Question: Why does BYU's Winter semester end earlier than most colleges?


Answer: two

Question: How many semesters is a typical BYU year broken up into?


Answer: two

Question: How many shorter terms does BYU have during the summer?


Answer: Juris

Question: What type of Doctor Program is offered at BYU?


Answer: Winter semester ends earlier than most universities

Question: What allows BYU students to pursue summer internships earlier than most college students?


Answer: 295

Context: The main campus in Provo, Utah, United States sits on approximately 560 acres (2.3 km2) nestled at the base of the Wasatch Mountains and includes 295 buildings. The buildings feature a wide variety of architectural styles, each building being built in the style of its time. The grass, trees, and flower beds on BYU's campus are impeccably maintained. Furthermore, views of the Wasatch Mountains, (including Mount Timpanogos) can be seen from the campus. BYU's Harold B. Lee Library (also known as "HBLL"), which The Princeton Review ranked as the No. 1 "Great College Library" in 2004, has approximately 8½ million items in its collections, contains 98 miles (158 km) of shelving, and can seat 4,600 people. The Spencer W. Kimball Tower, shortened to SWKT and pronounced Swicket by many students, is home to several of the university's departments and programs and is the tallest building in Provo, Utah. Furthermore, BYU's Marriott Center, used as a basketball arena, can seat over 22,000 and is one of the largest on-campus arenas in the nation. Interestingly absent on the campus of this church owned university is a campus chapel. Notwithstanding, each Sunday LDS Church services for students are conducted on campus, but due to the large number of students attending these services, nearly all of the buildings and possible meeting spaces on campus are utilized (in addition, many students attend services off campus in LDS chapels in the surrounding communities).

Question: How many buildings are on BYU's main campus?


Answer: approximately 560

Question: How many acres are included in BYU's main campus?


Answer: Provo, Utah

Question: Where is BYU's main campus located?


Answer: 98

Question: How many miles of shelving are in BYU's Harold B. Lee Library?


Answer: Spencer W. Kimball Tower

Question: Which BYU building is the tallest in Provost, Utah?


Answer: 50,000

Context: The campus is home to several museums containing exhibits from many different fields of study. BYU's Museum of Art, for example, is one of the largest and most attended art museums in the Mountain West. This Museum aids in academic pursuits of students at BYU via research and study of the artworks in its collection. The Museum is also open to the general public and provides educational programming. The Museum of Peoples and Cultures is a museum of archaeology and ethnology. It focuses on native cultures and artifacts of the Great Basin, American Southwest, Mesoamerica, Peru, and Polynesia. Home to more than 40,000 artifacts and 50,000 photographs, it documents BYU's archaeological research. The BYU Museum of Paleontology was built in 1976 to display the many fossils found by BYU's Dr. James A. Jensen. It holds many artifacts from the Jurassic Period (210-140 million years ago), and is one of the top five collections in the world of fossils from that time period. It has been featured in magazines, newspapers, and on television internationally. The museum receives about 25,000 visitors every year. The Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum was formed in 1978. It features several forms of plant and animal life on display and available for research by students and scholars.

Question: How many photographs are in BYU's Museum of Peoples and Cultures?


Answer: about 25,000

Question: How many visitors does BYU Museum of Paleontology receive each year?


Answer: Jurassic Period (210-140 million years ago)

Question: From which period does BYU Museum of Paleontology hold many artifacts from?


Answer: BYU's Dr. James A. Jensen

Question: Who found many of the fossils displayed in BYU's Museum of Paleontology?


Answer: Museum of Art

Question: Which BYU building is one of the most attended art museus in the Mountain West?


Answer: 1282

Context: The campus also houses several performing arts facilities. The de Jong Concert Hall seats 1282 people and is named for Gerrit de Jong Jr. The Pardoe Theatre is named for T. Earl and Kathryn Pardoe. Students use its stage in a variety of theatre experiments, as well as for Pardoe Series performances. It seats 500 people, and has quite a large stage with a proscenium opening of 19 by 55 feet (17 m). The Margetts Theatre was named for Philip N. Margetts, a prominent Utah theatre figure. A smaller, black box theater, it allows a variety of seating and staging formats. It seats 125, and measures 30 by 50 feet (15 m). The Nelke Theatre, named for one of BYU's first drama teachers, is used largely for instruction in experimental theater. It seats 280.

Question: How many people does the de Jong Concert Hall seat?


Answer: The Pardoe Theatre

Question: What building is named after Earl and Kathryn Pardoe?


Answer: The Margetts Theatre

Question: What building was named after prominent Utah theater figure Philip N. Margetts?


Answer: one of BYU's first drama teachers

Question: Who was the Nelke Theatre named for?


Answer: experimental

Question: What type of theater is Nelke Theatre primarily used for?


Answer: energy efficiency of its buildings

Context: BYU has designated energy conservation, products and materials, recycling, site planning and building design, student involvement, transportation, water conservation, and zero waste events as top priority categories in which to further its efforts to be an environmentally sustainable campus. The university has stated that "we have a responsibility to be wise stewards of the earth and its resources." BYU is working to increase the energy efficiency of its buildings by installing various speed drives on all pumps and fans, replacing incandescent lighting with fluorescent lighting, retrofitting campus buildings with low-E reflective glass, and upgraded roof insulation to prevent heat loss. The student groups BYU Recycles, Eco-Response, and BYU Earth educate students, faculty, staff, and administrators about how the campus can decrease its environmental impact. BYU Recycles spearheaded the recent campaign to begin recycling plastics, which the university did after a year of student campaigning.

Question: What is BYU working to increase by installing various speed drives on all pumps and fans?


Answer: BYU Recycles

Question: Who spearheaded BYU's recent campaign to begin recycling plastics?


Answer: a year

Question: How long after student campaigning did BYU begin recycling plastics?


Answer: zero

Question: What type of waste event is a top priority at BYU for becoming environmentally sustainable?


Answer: fluorescent

Question: What is BYU replacing it's incandescent lighting with?


Answer: Ballroom Dance Company

Context: The BYU Ballroom Dance Company is known as one of the best formation ballroom dance teams in the world, having won the U.S. National Formation Dance Championship every year since 1982. BYU's Ballroom dance team has won first place in Latin or Standard (or both) many times when they have competed at the Blackpool Dance Festival, and they were the first U.S. team to win the formation championships at the famed British Championships in Blackpool, England in 1972 . The NDCA National DanceSport championships have been held at BYU for several years, and BYU holds dozens of ballroom dance classes each semester and is consequently the largest collegiate ballroom dance program in the world. In addition, BYU has a number of other notable dance teams and programs. These teams include the Theatre Ballet, Contemporary Dance Theatre, Living Legends, and International Folk Dance Ensemble. The Living Legends perform Latin, Native American, and Polynesian dancing. BYU boasts one of the largest dance departments in the nation. Many students from all different majors across campus participate in various dance classes each semester.

Question: What BYU group is known as one of the best formation ballroom dance teams in the world?


Answer: NDCA National DanceSport

Question: What dance championships have been held at BYU for several years?


Answer: the largest

Question: How is BYU's collegiate ballroom dance program rated worldwide?


Answer: Latin, Native American, and Polynesian

Question: What types of dancing are performed by BYU's The Living Legends?


Answer: 21

Context: BYU has 21 NCAA varsity teams. Nineteen of these teams played mainly in the Mountain West Conference from its inception in 1999 until the school left that conference in 2011. Prior to that time BYU teams competed in the Western Athletic Conference. All teams are named the "Cougars", and Cosmo the Cougar has been the school's mascot since 1953. The school's fight song is the Cougar Fight Song. Because many of its players serve on full-time missions for two years (men when they're 18, women when 19), BYU athletes are often older on average than other schools' players. The NCAA allows students to serve missions for two years without subtracting that time from their eligibility period. This has caused minor controversy, but is largely recognized as not lending the school any significant advantage, since players receive no athletic and little physical training during their missions. BYU has also received attention from sports networks for refusal to play games on Sunday, as well as expelling players due to honor code violations. Beginning in the 2011 season, BYU football competes in college football as an independent. In addition, most other sports now compete in the West Coast Conference. Teams in swimming and diving and indoor track and field for both men and women joined the men's volleyball program in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation. For outdoor track and field, the Cougars became an Independent. Softball returned to the Western Athletic Conference, but spent only one season in the WAC; the team moved to the Pacific Coast Softball Conference after the 2012 season. The softball program may move again after the 2013 season; the July 2013 return of Pacific to the WCC will enable that conference to add softball as an official sport.

Question: How many NCAA varsity teams does BYU have?


Answer: Cougar Fight Song

Question: What is the name of BYU's fight song?


Answer: many of its players serve on full-time missions for two years

Question: Why are many BYU athletes older than other schools' players?


Answer: Sunday

Question: When does BYU refuse to play athletic games that got the attention of the sports networks?


Answer: honor code

Question: What violation can lead to a player being expelled from a sports team?


Answer: "is to assist individuals in their quest for perfection and eternal life."

Context: BYU's stated mission "is to assist individuals in their quest for perfection and eternal life." BYU is thus considered by its leaders to be at heart a religious institution, wherein, ideally, religious and secular education are interwoven in a way that encourages the highest standards in both areas. This weaving of the secular and the religious aspects of a religious university goes back as far as Brigham Young himself, who told Karl G. Maeser when the Church purchased the school: "I want you to remember that you ought not to teach even the alphabet or the multiplication tables without the Spirit of God."

Question: What is the stated mission of BYU?


Answer: the Spirit of God

Question: What did Brigham Young instruct Karl G. Maeser to not teach even the alphabet without?


Answer: religious

Question: What type of institution do BYU leaders consider it to be at heart?


Answer: religious and secular

Question: What two types of education does BYU strive to excel in while combining?


Answer: "The Lord's university"

Context: BYU has been considered by some Latter-day Saints, as well as some university and church leaders, to be "The Lord's university". This phrase is used in reference to the school's mission as an "ambassador" to the world for the LDS Church and thus, for Jesus Christ. In the past, some students and faculty have expressed dissatisfaction with this nickname, stating that it gives students the idea that university authorities are always divinely inspired and never to be contradicted. Leaders of the school, however, acknowledge that the nickname represents more a goal that the university strives for and not its current state of being. Leaders encourage students and faculty to help fulfill the goal by following the teachings of their religion, adhering to the school's honor code, and serving others with the knowledge they gain while attending.

Question: What phrase have some Latter-day Saints used in reference to BYU's mission as ambassador to the world for the LDS Church?


Answer: some students and faculty

Question: Who has expressed dissatisfaction with the nickname "The Lord's University" in the past?


Answer: always divinely inspired and never to be contradicted

Question: What perception do some feel that the nickname "The Lord's University" gives about university officials?


Answer: more a goal

Question: What do the leaders of BYU say "The Lord's University" represents instead of being in reference to its current state of being?


Answer: religiously active

Context: BYU mandates that its students who are members of the LDS Church be religiously active. Both LDS and Non-LDS students are required to provide an endorsement from an ecclesiastic leader with their application for admittance. Over 900 rooms on BYU campus are used for the purposes of LDS Church congregations. More than 150 congregations meet on BYU campus each Sunday. "BYU's campus becomes one of the busiest and largest centers of worship in the world" with about 24,000 persons attending church services on campus.

Question: What does BYU mandate of it's student members of the LDS Church to be?


Answer: an ecclesiastic leader

Question: Who are both LDS and Non-LDS students required to provide an endorsement from upon submitting their application?


Answer: Over 900

Question: How many BYU campus rooms are used for the purposes of LDS Church congregations?


Answer: More than 150

Question: How many congregations meet on the BYU campus every Sunday?


Answer: 24,000

Question: Approximately how many people attend church services on BYU's campus?


Answer: 18

Context: Some 97 percent of male BYU graduates and 32 percent of female graduates took a hiatus from their undergraduate studies at one point to serve as LDS missionaries. In October 2012, the LDS Church announced at its general conference that young men could serve a mission after they turn 18 and have graduated from high school, rather than after age 19 under the old policy. Many young men would often attend a semester or two of higher education prior to beginning missionary service. This policy change will likely impact what has been the traditional incoming freshman class at BYU. Female students may now begin their missionary service anytime after turning 19, rather than age 21 under the previous policy. For males, a full-time mission is two years in length, and for females it lasts 18 months.

Question: At what age, since 2012, are men allowed to serve a mission after high school graduation?


Answer: 19

Question: At what age, since 2012, are women allowed to serve a mission after high school graduation?


Answer: two years

Question: How long is a full-time mission for males?


Answer: 18 months

Question: How long is a full-time mission for females?


Answer: 97

Question: What percentage of graduates had taken a hiatus from their BYU studies to serve as an LDS missionary?


Answer: Domestic Organization

Context: All students and faculty, regardless of religion, are required to agree to adhere to an honor code. Early forms of the Church Educational System Honor Code are found as far back as the days of the Brigham Young Academy and early school President Karl G. Maeser. Maeser created the "Domestic Organization", which was a group of teachers who would visit students at their homes to see that they were following the schools moral rules prohibiting obscenity, profanity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The Honor Code itself was not created until about 1940, and was used mainly for cases of cheating and academic dishonesty. President Wilkinson expanded the Honor Code in 1957 to include other school standards. This led to what the Honor Code represents today: rules regarding chastity, dress, grooming, drugs, and alcohol. A signed commitment to live the honor code is part of the application process, and must be adhered by all students, faculty, and staff. Students and faculty found in violation of standards are either warned or called to meet with representatives of the Honor Council. In certain cases, students and faculty can be expelled from the school or lose tenure. Both LDS and non-LDS students are required to meet annually with a Church leader to receive an ecclesiastical endorsement for both acceptance and continuance. Various LGBT advocacy groups have protested the honor code and criticized it as being anti-gay, and The Princeton Review ranked BYU as the 3rd most LGBT-unfriendly school in the United States.

Question: What group did President Maeser create that sent teachers to student's homes to verify they were following the school's moral rules?


Answer: about 1940

Question: When was the BYU Honor Code actually created?


Answer: cases of cheating and academic dishonesty

Question: What was BYU's Honor Code mainly used for upon its creation?


Answer: 1957

Question: In what year was the Honor Code expanded to include other school standards, such as rules regarding drug use?


Answer: all students, faculty, and staff

Question: Who must sign a comitment to live by the honor code as part of the application process?


Answer: 14th in the nation

Context: BYU's social and cultural atmosphere is unique. The high rate of enrollment at the university by members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (more than 98 percent) results in an amplification of LDS cultural norms; BYU was ranked by The Princeton Review in 2008 as 14th in the nation for having the happiest students and highest quality of life. However, the quirkiness and sometimes "too nice" culture is often caricatured, for example, in terms of marrying early and being very conservative.

Question: How was BYU ranked by The Princeton Review for having the happiest students and highest quality of life in 2008?


Answer: marrying early and being very conservative

Question: What parts of the sometimes "too nice" BYU culture is often caricatured?


Answer: amplification of

Question: What does BYU's high rate of enrollment by LDS members result in regarding LDS cultural norms?


Answer: emphasizing a "marriage culture"

Context: One of the characteristics of BYU most often pointed out is its reputation for emphasizing a "marriage culture". Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints highly value marriage and family, especially marriage within the faith. Approximately 51 percent of the graduates in BYU's class of 2005 were married. This is compared to a national marriage average among college graduates of 11 percent. BYU students on average marry at the age of 22, according to a 2005 study, while the national average age is 25 years for men and 27 years for women.

Question: What is one of BYU's characteristics that is most often pointed out through reputation?


Answer: Approximately 51

Question: What percentage of BYU's class of 2005 were married?


Answer: 11 percent

Question: What is the national marriage average among college graduates?


Answer: 22

Question: What is the average age that BYU students marry according to a 2005 study?


Answer: marriage within the faith

Question: What type of marriage is highly valued by LDS members?


Answer: The Princeton Review

Context: Many visitors to BYU, and Utah Valley as a whole, report being surprised by the culturally conservative environment. Brigham Young University's Honor Code, which all BYU students agree to follow as a condition of studying at BYU, prohibits the consumption of alcoholic beverages, tobacco, etc. As mentioned earlier, The Princeton Review has rated BYU the "#1 stone cold sober school" in the nation for several years running, an honor which the late LDS Church president Gordon B. Hinckley had commented on with pride. BYU's 2014 "#1 stone cold" sober rating marked the 17th year in a row that the school had earned that rating. BYU has used this and other honors awarded to the school to advertise itself to prospective students, showing that BYU is proud of the rating. According to the Uniform Crime Reports, incidents of crime in Provo are lower than the national average. Murder is rare, and robberies are about 1/10 the national average. Business Insider rated BYU as the #1 safest college campus in the nation.

Question: Who rated BYU as the #1 stone cold sober school in the nation for several years?


Answer: proud

Question: How does BYU feel about being rated the #1 stone cold sober school?


Answer: about 1/10

Question: How do robberies at BYU's Provo compare to the national average?


Answer: Business Insider

Question: Who rated BYU as the #1 safest college campus in the nation?


Answer: culturally conservative

Question: What BYU environment seems to surprise many visitors to BYU as well as to the Utah Valley?


Answer: three

Context: The BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center is an HD production and distribution facility that is home to local PBS affiliate KBYU-TV, local classical music station KBYU-FM Classical 89, BYU Radio, BYU Radio Instrumental, BYU Radio International, BYUtv and BYU Television International with content in Spanish and Portuguese (both available via terrestrial, satellite, and internet signals). BYUtv is also available via cable throughout some areas of the United States. The BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center is home to three television production studios, two television control rooms, radio studios, radio performance space, and master control operations.

Question: How many television production studios is BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center home to?


Answer: two

Question: How many radio studios is BYU BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center home to?


Answer: two

Question: How many television control rooms is BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center home to?


Answer: BYU Television International

Question: Which BYU station offers content in both Spanish and Portugese?


Answer: BYUtv

Question: Which BYU station is available via cable throughout some areas of the U.S.?


Answer: Nobel Prize winner

Context: BYU alumni in academia include former Dean of the Harvard Business School Kim B. Clark, two time world's most influential business thinker Clayton M. Christensen, Michael K. Young '73, current president of the University of Washington, Matthew S. Holland, current president of Utah Valley University, Stan L. Albrecht, current president of Utah State University, Teppo Felin, Professor at the University of Oxford, and Stephen D. Nadauld, previous president of Dixie State University. The University also graduated Nobel Prize winner Paul D. Boyer, as well as Philo Farnsworth (inventor of the electronic television) and Harvey Fletcher (inventor of the hearing aid). Four of BYU's thirteen presidents were alumni of the University. Additionally, alumni of BYU who have served as business leaders include Citigroup CFO Gary Crittenden '76, former Dell CEO Kevin Rollins '84, Deseret Book CEO Sheri L. Dew, and Matthew K. McCauley, CEO of children's clothing company Gymboree.

Question: What is former alumnus Paul D. Boyer known for being?


Answer: the hearing aid

Question: What did former BYU graduate Harvey Fletcher invent?


Answer: Gymboree

Question: Which famous clothing company was BYU alumnus Matthew K. McCauley CEO of?


Answer: two time world's most influential business thinker

Question: What was BYU graduate Clayton M. Christensen known as?


Answer: Paul D. Boyer

Question: Which Nobel Prize winner graduated from BYU?


Answer: BYU

Context: In literature and journalism, BYU has produced several best-selling authors, including Orson Scott Card '75, Brandon Sanderson '00 & '05, Ben English '98, and Stephenie Meyer '95. BYU also graduated American activist and contributor for ABC News Elizabeth Smart-Gilmour. Other media personalities include former CBS News correspondent Art Rascon, award-winning ESPN sportscaster and former Miss America Sharlene Wells Hawkes '86 and former co-host of CBS's The Early Show Jane Clayson Johnson '90. In entertainment and television, BYU is represented by Jon Heder '02 (best known for his role as Napoleon Dynamite), writer-director Daryn Tufts '98, Golden Globe-nominated Aaron Eckhart '94, animator and filmmaker Don Bluth '54, Jeopardy! all-time champion Ken Jennings '00, and Richard Dutcher, the "Father of Mormon Cinema." In the music industry BYU is represented by lead singer of the Grammy Award winning band Imagine Dragons Dan Reynolds, multi-platinum selling drummer Elaine Bradley from the band Neon Trees, crossover dubstep violinist Lindsey Stirling, former American Idol contestant Carmen Rasmusen, Mormon Tabernacle Choir director Mack Wilberg and pianist Massimiliano Frani.

Question: Where did best selling author Stephenie Meyer graduate from in 1995?


Answer: Sharlene Wells Hawkes

Question: Which former Miss America graduated from BYU?


Answer: Jane Clayson Johnson

Question: Which former co-host of CBS's The Early Show graduated from BYU?


Answer: Sharlene Wells Hawkes

Question: Which award winning ESPN sports writer graduated form BYU?


Answer: Art Rascon

Question: Which former CBS News correspondent graduated from BYU?


Answer: Krešimir Ćosić

Context: A number of BYU alumni have found success in professional sports, representing the University in 7 MLB World Series, 5 NBA Finals, and 25 NFL Super Bowls. In baseball, BYU alumni include All-Stars Rick Aguilera '83, Wally Joyner '84, and Jack Morris '76. Professional basketball players include three-time NBA champion Danny Ainge '81, 1952 NBA Rookie of the Year and 4-time NBA All-Star Mel Hutchins '51,[citation needed] three-time Olympic medalist and Hall of Famer Krešimir Ćosić '73, and consensus 2011 national college player of the year Jimmer Fredette '11, currently with the New York Knicks organization. BYU also claims notable professional football players including two-time NFL MVP and Super Bowl MVP and Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback Steve Young '84 & J.D. '96, Heisman Trophy winner Ty Detmer '90, and two-time Super Bowl winner Jim McMahon. In golf, BYU alumni include two major championship winners: Johnny Miller ('69) at the 1973 U.S. Open and 1976 British Open and Mike Weir ('92) at the 2003 Masters.

Question: Which three-time Olympic medalist and Hall of Famer graduated from BYU?


Answer: Ty Detmer

Question: Which Heisman Trophy winner graduated from BYU?


Answer: Jim McMahon

Question: Which two-time Super Bowl winner graduated from BYU?


Answer: Mike Weir

Question: Which winner of the 2003 Golf Masters graduated from BYU?


Answer: Johnny Miller

Question: Which BYU graduate has won both the 1976 British Open and the 1973 U.S. Open?


Answer: Myocardial infarction

Context: Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.

Question: What does MI stand for?


Answer: 30%

Question: WHat percentage of people suffer from atypical symptoms?


Answer: chest pain or discomfort

Question: What is the most common symptom of MI?


Answer: more than a few minutes

Question: How long can the pain of MI last?


Answer: heartburn

Question: What can the discomfort of MI feel like?


Answer: ST elevation

Context: Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the complete blockage of a coronary artery caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.

Question: What can ECG confirm?


Answer: troponin

Question: What type of blood tests are used?


Answer: coronary artery disease

Question: How do most MIs come about?


Answer: complete blockage of a coronary artery

Question: What is the main mechanism for MI?


Answer: electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography

Question: Name one test used to recognize MI?


Answer: Aspirin

Context: Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.

Question: What can be used for immediate treatment for MI?


Answer: chest pain

Question: Nitroglycerin can be used to help what?


Answer: non-ST elevation myocardial infarction

Question: WHat does NSTEMI stand for?


Answer: blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes

Question: When is bypass surgery recommended?


Answer: Supplemental oxygen

Question: What should be used for individuals with shortness of breath?


Answer: Chest pain

Context: The onset of symptoms in myocardial infarction (MI) is usually gradual, over several minutes, and rarely instantaneous. Chest pain is the most common symptom of acute MI and is often described as a sensation of tightness, pressure, or squeezing. Chest pain due to ischemia (a lack of blood and hence oxygen supply) of the heart muscle is termed angina pectoris. Pain radiates most often to the left arm, but may also radiate to the lower jaw, neck, right arm, back, and upper abdomen, where it may mimic heartburn. Levine's sign, in which a person localizes the chest pain by clenching their fists over their sternum, has classically been thought to be predictive of cardiac chest pain, although a prospective observational study showed it had a poor positive predictive value.

Question: What is the most common symptom of MI?


Answer: a lack of blood

Question: What does ischemia refer too?


Answer: left arm

Question: What does the pain usually stem from with MI?


Answer: clenching their fists over their sternum

Question: What is a tell tale sign of someone experiencing a cardiac chest pain?


Answer: heart limits the output of the left ventricle

Context: Shortness of breath occurs when the damage to the heart limits the output of the left ventricle, causing left ventricular failure and consequent pulmonary edema. Other symptoms include diaphoresis (an excessive form of sweating), weakness, light-headedness, nausea, vomiting, and palpitations. These symptoms are likely induced by a massive surge of catecholamines from the sympathetic nervous system, which occurs in response to pain and the blood flow abnormalities that result from dysfunction of the heart muscle. Loss of consciousness (due to inadequate blood flow to the brain and cardiogenic shock) and sudden death (frequently due to the development of ventricular fibrillation) can occur in MIs.

Question: When might an individual experience shortness of breath?


Answer: excessive form of sweating

Question: What does diaphoresis refer to?


Answer: inadequate blood flow to the brain

Question: What might cause an individual to lose consciousness from MI?


Answer: clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods

Context: Department stores today have sections that sell the following: clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods, do it yourself, paint, and hardware and additionally select other lines of products such as food, books, jewelry, electronics, stationery, photographic equipment, baby products, and products for pets. Customers check out near the front of the store or, alternatively, at sales counters within each department. Some are part of a retail chain of many stores, while others may be independent retailers. In the 1970s, they came under heavy pressure from discounters. Since 2010, they have come under even heavier pressure from online stores such as Amazon.

Question: What sorts of departments might one see in a major department store?


Answer: discounters

Question: Who started influencing department stores in the 1970's?


Answer: online stores such as Amazon.

Question: What has begun pressuring department stores in more recent years?


Answer: at sales counters within each department.

Question: Other than at the check-out lanes at the front of a store, where may customers check out?


Answer: at the turn of the 19th century.

Context: The origins of the department store lay in the growth of the conspicuous consumer society at the turn of the 19th century. As the Industrial Revolution accelerated economy expansion, the affluent middle-class grew in size and wealth. This urbanized social group, sharing a culture of consumption and changing fashion, was the catalyst for the retail revolution. As rising prosperity and social mobility increased the number of people, especially women (who found they could shop unaccompanied at department stores without damaging their reputation), with disposable income in the late Georgian period, window shopping was transformed into a leisure activity and entrepreneurs, like the potter Josiah Wedgwood, pioneered the use of marketing techniques to influence the prevailing tastes and preferences of society.

Question: When did the idea of a "consumer society" begin?


Answer: the affluent middle-class

Question: What social group grew as a result of the industrial revolution?


Answer: entrepreneurs

Question: Who was Josiah Wedgewood?


Answer: urbanized social group

Question: What is one explanation for the rise of retail stores in earlier history?


Answer: women

Question: What group of people were suddenly free to go shopping without fears of being judged or reprimanded?


Answer: women

Context: All the major British cities had flourishing department stores by the mid-or late nineteenth century. Increasingly, women became the major shoppers and middle-class households. Kendals (formerly Kendal Milne & Faulkner) in Manchester lays claim to being one of the first department stores and is still known to many of its customers as Kendal's, despite its 2005 name change to House of Fraser. The Manchester institution dates back to 1836 but had been trading as Watts Bazaar since 1796. At its zenith the store had buildings on both sides of Deansgate linked by a subterranean passage "Kendals Arcade" and an art nouveau tiled food hall. The store was especially known for its emphasis on quality and style over low prices giving it the nickname "the Harrods of the North", although this was due in part to Harrods acquiring the store in 1919. Other large Manchester stores included Paulden's (currently Debenhams) and Lewis's (now a Primark).

Question: Who became the predominant shoppers for individual households in the nineteenth century?


Answer: Kendals (formerly Kendal Milne & Faulkner)

Question: What business in Manchester claims to be the first department store?


Answer: House of Fraser

Question: What did Kendals change it's name to in 2005?


Answer: 1836

Question: What year did the Manchester institution begin?


Answer: Harrods

Question: Who acquired the Manchester store in 1919?


Answer: Harry Gordon Selfridge

Context: Selfridges was established in 1909 by American-born Harry Gordon Selfridge on Oxford Street. The company's innovative marketing promoted the radical notion of shopping for pleasure rather than necessity and its techniques were adopted by modern department stores the world over. The store was extensively promoted through paid advertising. The shop floors were structured so that goods could be made more accessible to customers. There were elegant restaurants with modest prices, a library, reading and writing rooms, special reception rooms for French, German, American and "Colonial" customers, a First Aid Room, and a Silence Room, with soft lights, deep chairs, and double-glazing, all intended to keep customers in the store as long as possible. Staff members were taught to be on hand to assist customers, but not too aggressively, and to sell the merchandise. Selfridge attracted shoppers with educational and scientific exhibits; – in 1909, Louis Blériot's monoplane was exhibited at Selfridges (Blériot was the first to fly over the English Channel), and the first public demonstration of television by John Logie Baird took place in the department store in 1925.

Question: Who founded Selfridges in 1909?


Answer: the radical notion of shopping for pleasure rather than necessity

Question: What made Selfridges different from many department stores at the time?


Answer: paid advertising

Question: How was the store most often presented to the public?


Answer: shoppers with educational and scientific exhibits

Question: What sort of customers did Selfridges most often cater to?


Answer: magasin de nouveautés

Context: The Paris department store had its roots in the magasin de nouveautés, or novelty store; the first, the Tapis Rouge, was created in 1784. They flourished in the early 19th century, with La Belle Jardiniere (1824), Aux Trois Quartiers (1829), and Le Petit Saint Thomas (1830). Balzac described their functioning in his novel César Birotteau. In the 1840s, with the arrival of the railroads in Paris and the increased number of shoppers they brought, they grew in size, and began to have large plate glass display windows, fixed prices and price tags, and advertising in newspapers.

Question: What were the origins of the Paris department store?


Answer: 1784

Question: What year was the first Paris department store founded?


Answer: César Birotteau

Question: What book described the functionality and operation of a contemporary Paris department/novelty store?


Answer: the arrival of the railroads in Paris and the increased number of shoppers they brought

Question: What factors influenced the increase of department stores in Paris?


Answer: newspapers

Question: Where did department stores begin to advertise after the large influx of new shoppers?


Answer: Au Bon Marché

Context: A novelty shop called Au Bon Marché had been founded in Paris in 1838 to sell lace, ribbons, sheets, mattresses, buttons, umbrellas and other assorted goods. It originally had four departments, twelve employees, and a floor space of three hundred meters. The entrepreneur Aristide Boucicaut became a partner in 1852, and changed the marketing plan, instituting fixed prices and guarantees that allowed exchanges and refunds, advertising, and a much wider variety of merchandise. The annual income of the store increased from 500,000 francs in 1852 to five million in 1860. In 1869 he built much larger building at 24 rue de Sèvres on the Left Bank, and enlarged the store again in 1872, with help from the engineering firm of Gustave Eiffel, creator of the Eiffel Tower. The income rose from twenty million francs in 1870 to 72 million at the time of the Boucicaut's death in 1877. The floor space had increased from three hundred square meters in 1838 to fifty thousand, and the number of employees had increased from twelve in 1838 to 1788 in 1879. Boucicaut was famous for his marketing innovations; a reading room for husbands while their wives shopped; extensive newspaper advertising; entertainment for children; and six million catalogs sent out to customers. By 1880 half the employees were women; unmarried women employees lived in dormitories on the upper floors.

Question: What store was founded in Paris, in 1838, which sold a wide variety of products?


Answer: Aristide Boucicaut

Question: Who became a partner to this store in 1852 and drastically changed operations?


Answer: increased from 500,000 francs in 1852 to five million in 1860

Question: What was the change in profit to Au Bon Marche after these changes?


Answer: Gustave Eiffel

Question: What engineering company helped the store expand in 1872


Answer: marketing innovations

Question: What was Boucicaut most widely known for?


Answer: the northern part of Paris

Context: The Grands Magasins Dufayel was a huge department store with inexpensive prices built in 1890 in the northern part of Paris, where it reached a very large new customer base in the working class. In a neighborhood with few public spaces, it provided a consumer version of the public square. It educated workers to approach shopping as an exciting social activity not just a routine exercise in obtaining necessities, just as the bourgeoisie did at the famous department stores in the central city. Like the bourgeois stores, it helped transform consumption from a business transaction into a direct relationship between consumer and sought-after goods. Its advertisements promised the opportunity to participate in the newest, most fashionable consumerism at reasonable cost. The latest technology was featured, such as cinemas and exhibits of inventions like X-ray machines (that could be used to fit shoes) and the gramophone.

Question: Where was The Grands Magasins Dufayel built?


Answer: exciting social activity not just a routine exercise in obtaining necessities

Question: What were employees taught that made a shopping experience different?


Answer: bourgeois stores

Question: What sort of stores were The Grands Magasins Dufayel compared to?


Answer: transform consumption from a business transaction into a direct relationship between consumer and sought-after goods

Question: How were these stores different than most during that time?


Answer: Arnold, Constable

Context: Arnold, Constable was the first American department store. It was founded in 1825 by Aaron Arnold (1794?-1876), an emigrant from Great Britain, as a small dry goods store on Pine Street in New York City. In 1857 the store moved into a five-story white marble dry goods palace known as the Marble House. During the Civil War Arnold, Constable was one of the first stores to issue charge bills of credit to its customers each month instead of on a bi-annual basis. Recognized as an emporium for high-quality fashions, the store soon outgrew the Marble House and erected a cast-iron building on Broadway and Nineteenth Street in 1869; this “Palace of Trade” expanded over the years until it was necessary to move into a larger space in 1914. In 1925, Arnold, Constable merged with Stewart & Company and expanded into the suburbs, first with a 1937 store in New Rochelle, New York and later in Hempstead and Manhasset on Long Island, and in New Jersey. Financial problems led to bankruptcy in 1975.

Question: What is recognized as the "first" department store in America?


Answer: Aaron Arnold

Question: Who founded Arnold, Constable?


Answer: a five-story white marble dry goods palace known as the Marble House.

Question: Where was the store moved in 1857?


Answer: was one of the first stores to issue charge bills of credit to its customers each month instead of on a bi-annual basis

Question: What made Arnold, Constable stand out from other stores during the civil war?


Answer: 1869

Question: When was the "Palace of Trade" built?


Answer: on Broadway, between Chambers and Reade streets

Context: In New York City in 1846, Alexander Turney Stewart established the "Marble Palace" on Broadway, between Chambers and Reade streets. He offered European retail merchandise at fixed prices on a variety of dry goods, and advertised a policy of providing "free entrance" to all potential customers. Though it was clad in white marble to look like a Renaissance palazzo, the building's cast iron construction permitted large plate glass windows that permitted major seasonal displays, especially in the Christmas shopping season. In 1862, Stewart built a new store on a full city block with eight floors and nineteen departments of dress goods and furnishing materials, carpets, glass and china, toys and sports equipment, ranged around a central glass-covered court. His innovations included buying from manufacturers for cash and in large quantities, keeping his markup small and prices low, truthful presentation of merchandise, the one-price policy (so there was no haggling), simple merchandise returns and cash refund policy, selling for cash and not credit, buyers who searched worldwide for quality merchandise, departmentalization, vertical and horizontal integration, volume sales, and free services for customers such as waiting rooms and free delivery of purchases. His innovations were quickly copied by other department stores.

Question: Where was the "Marble Palace" built in 1846?


Answer: "free entrance" to all potential customers.

Question: What policy did the Marble Palace introduce?


Answer: nineteen

Question: How many departments did the new store have, built in 1862?


Answer: cash and not credit

Question: What selling methods did the Marble Palace use?


Answer: waiting rooms and free delivery of purchases

Question: What customer services did the Marble Palace offer?


Answer: John Wanamaker

Context: In 1877, John Wanamaker opened the United State's first modern department store in a former Pennsylvania Railroad freight terminal in Philadelphia. Wanamakers was the first department store to offer fixed prices marked on every article and also introduced electrical illumination (1878), the telephone (1879), and the use of pneumatic tubes to transport cash and documents (1880) to the department store business. Subsequent department stores founded in Philadelphia included Strawbridge and Clothier, Gimbels, Lit Brothers, and Snellenbergs.

Question: Who opened the original "modern" department store in America?


Answer: fixed prices marked on every article

Question: What feature made Wanamakers different from other stores at the time?


Answer: pneumatic tubes

Question: How were important documents and money transported throughout the store?


Answer: 1878

Question: When was electric lighting first installed and used in the store?


Answer: Pennsylvania

Question: In what state was Wanamakers established?


Answer: 1852

Context: Marshall Field & Company originated in 1852. It was the premier department store on the main shopping street in the Midwest, State Street in Chicago. Upscale shoppers came by train from throughout the region, patronizing nearby hotels. It grew to become a major chain before converting to the Macy's nameplate on 9 September 2006. Marshall Field's Served as a model for other departments stores in that it had exceptional customer service. Field's also brought with it the now famous Frango mints brand that became so closely identified with Marshall Field's and Chicago from the now defunct Frederick & Nelson Department store. Marshall Field's also had the firsts, among many innovations by Marshall Field's. Field's had the first European buying office, which was located in Manchester, England, and the first bridal registry. The company was the first to introduce the concept of the personal shopper, and that service was provided without charge in every Field's store, until the chain's last days under the Marshall Field's name. It was the first store to offer revolving credit and the first department store to use escalators. Marshall Field's book department in the State Street store was legendary; it pioneered the concept of the "book signing." Moreover, every year at Christmas, Marshall Field's downtown store windows were filled with animated displays as part of the downtown shopping district display; the "theme" window displays became famous for their ingenuity and beauty, and visiting the Marshall Field's windows at Christmas became a tradition for Chicagoans and visitors alike, as popular a local practice as visiting the Walnut Room with its equally famous Christmas tree or meeting "under the clock" on State Street.

Question: In what year was Marshall Field and company established?


Answer: 9 September 2006

Question: When did Marshall's convert to the Macy's name?


Answer: exceptional customer service

Question: What made Marshall's such a good example for other stores?


Answer: Manchester, England

Question: Where was Marshall's European buying office located?


Answer: personal shopper

Question: What free service did Marshall's provide customers until changing their name to Macy's?


Answer: merchant

Context: David Jones was started by David Jones, a Welsh merchant who met Hobart businessman Charles Appleton in London. Appleton established a store in Sydney in 1825 and Jones subsequently established a partnership with Appleton, moved to Australia in 1835, and the Sydney store became known as Appleton & Jones. When the partnership was dissolved in 1838, Jones moved his business to premises on the corner of George Street and Barrack Lane, Sydney. David Jones claims to be the oldest department store in the world still trading under its original name.

Question: What occupation did David Jones have?


Answer: in London

Question: Where did David Jones and Charles Appleton meet?


Answer: Sydney

Question: Where did Appleton begin a store in 1825?


Answer: Appleton & Jones

Question: What was the store in Sydney called after Jones moved to Australia?


Answer: 1838

Question: When did the partnership between Jones and Appleton end?


Answer: Grace Bros. and Waltons

Context: Although there were a number of department stores in Australia for much of the 20th Century, including chains such as Grace Bros. and Waltons, many disappeared during the 1980s and 1990s. Today Myer and David Jones, located nationally, are practically the national department stores duopoly in Australia. When Russian-born migrant, Sidney Myer, came to Australia in 1899 he formed the Myer retail group with his brother, Elcon Myer. In 1900, they opened the first Myer department store, in Bendigo, Victoria. Since then, the Myer retail group has grown to be Australia's largest retailer. Both, Myer and David Jones, are up-market chains, offering a wide variety of products from mid-range names to luxury brands. Other retail chain stores such as Target (unrelated to the American chain of the same name), Venture (now defunct), Kmart and Big W, also located nationally, are considered to be Australia's discount department stores. Harris Scarfe, though only operating in four states and one territory, is a department store using both the large full-line and small discount department store formats. Most department stores in Australia have their own credit card companies, each having their own benefits while the discount department stores do not have their own credit card rights.

Question: What were some of the original Australian department stores?


Answer: 1899

Question: When did Sydney Myer come to Australia?


Answer: Bendigo, Victoria

Question: Where did the Myer Retail Group open it's first store?


Answer: up-market chains

Question: What type of department stores are Myer and David Jones?


Answer: Venture

Question: What department store brand is now out of business in Australia?


Answer: the fur trade

Context: From its origins in the fur trade, the Hudson's Bay Company is the oldest corporation in North America and was the largest department store operator in Canada until the mid-1980s, with locations across the country. It also previously owned Zellers, another major Canadian department store which ceased to exist in March 2013 after selling its lease holdings to Target Canada. Other department stores in Canada are: Canadian Tire, Sears Canada, Ogilvy, Les Ailes de la Mode, Giant Tiger, Co-op, Costco and Holt Renfrew. Grocery giant Superstores carry many non-grocery items akin to a department store. Woolco had 160 stores in Canada when operations ceased (Walmart bought out Woolco in 1994). Today low-price Walmart is by far the most dominant department store retailer in Canada with outlets throughout the country. Historically, department stores were a significant component in Canadian economic life, and chain stores such as Eaton's, Charles Ogilvy Limited, Freiman's, Spencer's, Simpsons, Morgan's, and Woodward's were staples in their respective communities. Department stores in Canada are similar in design and style to department stores in the United States.

Question: What business was the Hudson's Bay Company originally involved in?


Answer: Zellers

Question: What department store chain did Hudson's Bay Company own until it dissolved in 2013?


Answer: 160

Question: How many stores did Woolco operate before selling their shares to Walmart?


Answer: Walmart

Question: Currently, what department store is most popular in Canada?


Answer: specialist stores

Context: Before the 1950s, the department store held an eminent place in both Canada and Australia, during both the Great Depression and World War II. Since then, they have suffered from strong competition from specialist stores. Most recently the competition has intensified with the advent of larger-scale superstores (Jones et al. 1994; Merrilees and Miller 1997). Competition was not the only reason for the department stores' weakening strength; the changing structure of cities also affected them. The compact and centralized 19th century city with its mass transit lines converging on the downtown was a perfect environment for department store growth. But as residents moved out of the downtown areas to the suburbs, the large, downtown department stores became inconvenient and lost business to the newer suburban shopping malls. In 2003, U.S. department store sales were surpassed by big-box store sales for the first time (though some stores may be classified as "big box" by physical layout and "department store" by merchandise).

Question: What is one type of competition department stores face?


Answer: superstores

Question: What types of stores have created even more competition?


Answer: residents moved out of the downtown areas to the suburbs

Question: What factor lead to a decrease in department store shoppers?


Answer: 2003

Question: In what year were department store sales beaten by larger stores?


Answer: opening policy in 1979

Context: Since the opening policy in 1979, the Chinese department stores also develops swiftly along with the fast-growing economy. There are different department store groups dominating different regions. For example, INTIME department store has the biggest market presence in Zhejiang province, while Jinying department stores dominate Jiangsu Province. Besides, there are many other department store groups, such as Pacific, Parkson, Wangfujing，New World，etc., many of them are expanding quickly by listing in the financial market.

Question: What began the influx of Chinese department stores?


Answer: Zhejiang province

Question: What area does INTIME department stores have the most influence in?


Answer: Jinying

Question: What department store has the most success in Jiangsu Province?


Answer: by listing in the financial market.

Question: How are these foreign department stores expanding so quickly?


Answer: 1850

Context: The first department stores Lane Crawford was opened in 1850 by Scots Thomas Ash Lane and Ninian Crawford on Des Voeux Road, Hong Kong Island. At the beginning, the store mainly catered visiting ships' crews as well as British Navy staff and their families. In 1900, the first ethnic-Chinese owned Sincere Department Store was opened by Ma Ying Piu, who returned from Australia and inspired by David Jones. In 1907, another former Hong Kong expatriate in Australia, the Kwok's family, returned to Hong Kong and founded Wing On.

Question: What year did Lane Crawford open?


Answer: Scots Thomas Ash Lane and Ninian Crawford

Question: Who established Lane Crawford?


Answer: visiting ships' crews as well as British Navy staff and their families

Question: What was the store's original target customer base?


Answer: Ma Ying Piu

Question: Who opened the first Chinese-owned department store?


Answer: Magasin (1868), Illum (1891), Salling (1906).

Context: In Denmark you find three department store chains: Magasin (1868), Illum (1891), Salling (1906). Magasin is by far the largest with 6 stores all over the country, with the flagship store being Magasin du Nord on Kongens Nytorv in Copenhagen. Illums only store on Amagertorv in Copenhagen has the appearance of a department store with 20% run by Magasin, but has individual shop owners making it a shopping centre. But in people's mind it remains a department store. Salling has two stores in Jutland with one of these being the reason for the closure of a magasin store due to the competition.

Question: What are the 3 main department store companies in Denmark?


Answer: Magasin

Question: Currently, what is the largest department store chain in Denmark?


Answer: Kongens Nytorv in Copenhagen

Question: Where is Magasin's "flagship" store located?


Answer: two

Question: How many stores does Salling have in Jutland?


Answer: Galeries Lafayette and Le Printemps

Context: France's major upscale department stores are Galeries Lafayette and Le Printemps, which both have flagship stores on Boulevard Haussmann in Paris and branches around the country. The first department store in France, Le Bon Marché in Paris, was founded in 1852 and is now owned by the luxury goods conglomerate LVMH. La Samaritaine, another upscale department store also owned by LVMH, closed in 2005. Mid-range department stores chains also exist in France such as the BHV (Bazar de l'Hotel de Ville), part of the same group as Galeries Lafayette.

Question: What are two main department stores in France?


Answer: 1852

Question: What year was the first department store open in France?


Answer: LVMH

Question: Who currently owns Le Bon Marche?


Answer: La Samaritaine

Question: What apartment store in Paris was closed in 2005?


Answer: BHV (Bazar de l'Hotel de Ville)

Question: What French department store is part of the same group as Galeries Lafayette?


Answer: London, Paris and New York.

Context: The design and function of department stores in Germany followed the lead of London, Paris and New York. Germany used to have a number of department stores; nowadays only a few of them remain. Next to some smaller, independent department stores these are Karstadt (in 2010 taken over by Nicolas Berggruen, also operating the KaDeWe in Berlin, the Alsterhaus in Hamburg and the Oberpollinger in Munich), GALERIA Kaufhof (part of the Metro AG). Others like Hertie, Wertheim and Horten AG were taken over by others and either fully integrated or later closed.

Question: What cities influenced how department stores in Germany operated?


Answer: Karstadt

Question: What department store was taken over by Nicolas Berggruen in 2010?


Answer: KaDeWe

Question: What major department store operates in Berlin?


Answer: GALERIA Kaufhof

Question: What store is a part of the Metro AG?


Answer: Singapore and Sogo from Japan

Context: The middle up segment is mainly occupied by Metro Department Store originated from Singapore and Sogo from Japan. 2007 saw the re-opening of Jakarta's Seibu, poised to be the largest and second most upscale department store in Indonesia after Harvey Nichols, which the latter closed in 2010 and yet plans to return. Other international department stores include Debenhams and Marks & Spencer. Galeries Lafayette also joins the Indonesian market in 2013 inside Pacific Place Mall. This department store is targeting middle up market with price range from affordable to luxury, poised to be the largest upscale department store. Galeries Lafayette, Debenhams, Harvey Nichols, Marks & Spencer, Seibu and Sogo are all operated by PT. Mitra Adiperkasa.

Question: Where did the Metro Department store originally begin?


Answer: 2007

Question: When did Seibu, located in Jakarta, re-open?


Answer: Pacific Place Mall

Question: Where did Galeries Lafayette open in 2013, inside Indonesia?


Answer: PT. Mitra Adiperkasa.

Question: Who operates the wide range of department stores in these areas?


Answer: Harvey Nichols

Question: What store led the Indonesian markets until 2010 when it closed?


Answer: Centro Department Store

Context: Parkson enters by acquiring local brand Centro Department Store in 2011. Centro still operates for middle market while the 'Parkson' brand itself, positioned for middle-up segment, enters in 2014 by opening its first store in Medan, followed by its second store in Jakarta. Lotte, meanwhile, enters the market by inking partnership with Ciputra Group, creating what its called 'Lotte Shopping Avenue' inside the Ciputra World Jakarta complex, as well as acquiring Makro and rebranding it into Lotte Mart.

Question: What store did Parkson buy in 2011?


Answer: Medan

Question: Where did Centro open it's first store of 2014?


Answer: Ciputra Group

Question: Who did Lotte partner with?


Answer: Ciputra World Jakarta complex

Question: Where is the "Lotte Shopping Avenue" located?


Answer: Lotte Mart

Question: What was Makro re-labeled as after it's purchase?


Answer: mid-nineteenth century.

Context: Ireland developed a strong middle class, especially in the major cities, by the mid-nineteenth century. They were active patrons of department stores. Delany's New Mart was opened in 1853 in Dublin, Ireland. Unlike others, Delany's had not evolved gradually from a smaller shop on site. Thus it could claim to be the first purpose-built Department Store in the world. The word department store had not been invented at that time and thus it was called the "Monster House". The store was completely destroyed in the 1916 Easter Rising, but reopened in 1922.

Question: When did Ireland begin to see a growth in its middle class?


Answer: Delany's New Mart

Question: What department store was founded in 1853?


Answer: Dublin

Question: In what city was Delany's New Mart opened?


Answer: Monster House

Question: What was Delany's originally called?


Answer: 1916

Question: In what year was the store destroyed?


Answer: El Palacio de Hierro

Context: Mexico has a large number of department stores based in Mexico, of which the most traditional are El Palacio de Hierro (High end and luxury goods) and Liverpool (Upper-middle income), with its middle income sister store Fabricas de Francia. Sanborns owns over 100 middle income level stores throughout the country. Grupo Carso operates Sears Mexico and two high-end Saks 5th Avenue stores. Other large chains are Coppel and Elektra, which offer items for the bargain price seeker. Wal-Mart operates Suburbia for lower income shoppers, along with stores under the brand names of Wal-Mart, Bodega Aurrera, and Superama.

Question: What Mexican department store typically caters to high-end goods?


Answer: Sanborns

Question: What company is responsible for over 100 stores in the country?


Answer: Grupo Carso

Question: What company operates Sears Mexico?


Answer: Coppel and Elektra

Question: What chains typically cater to bargain shoppers?