Answer: high resistance

Context: In addressing the question of who invented the incandescent lamp, historians Robert Friedel and Paul Israel list 22 inventors of incandescent lamps prior to Joseph Swan and Thomas Edison. They conclude that Edison's version was able to outstrip the others because of a combination of three factors: an effective incandescent material, a higher vacuum than others were able to achieve (by use of the Sprengel pump) and a high resistance that made power distribution from a centralized source economically viable.

Question: What made power distribution economically viable in Edison's lamp?


Answer: 22

Question: How many inventors came up with electric lamps before Thomas Edison?


Answer: by use of the Sprengel pump

Question: How did Edison achieve a higher vacuum than other inventors?


Answer: Robert Friedel and Paul Israel

Question: Which historians wrote about the advantages of Edison's lamp over other early versions?


Answer: safety

Context: Physically, clothing serves many purposes: it can serve as protection from the elements, and can enhance safety during hazardous activities such as hiking and cooking. It protects the wearer from rough surfaces, rash-causing plants, insect bites, splinters, thorns and prickles by providing a barrier between the skin and the environment. Clothes can insulate against cold or hot conditions. Further, they can provide a hygienic barrier, keeping infectious and toxic materials away from the body. Clothing also provides protection from harmful UV radiation.

Question: What can clothing provide during hazardous activities?


Answer: rough

Question: What type of surfaces can clothing protect from?


Answer: body

Question: What does clothing keep toxic materials away from?


Answer: Clothes

Question: What can insulate against cold or hot conditions?


Answer: UV

Question: What type of radiation can clothing provide some protection from?


Answer: when clothing was first developed

Context: There is no easy way to determine when clothing was first developed, but some information has been inferred by studying lice. The body louse specifically lives in clothing, and diverge from head lice about 107,000 years ago, suggesting that clothing existed at that time. Another theory is that modern humans are the only survivors of several species of primates who may have worn clothes and that clothing may have been used as long ago as 650 thousand years ago. Other louse-based estimates put the introduction of clothing at around 42,000–72,000 BP.

Question: What isn't it easy to determine about clothing?


Answer: lice

Question: What organism has provided some information about the timeline of clothing?


Answer: clothing

Question: What habitat is the body louse specific to?


Answer: primates

Question: What may modern humans be the only survivor of several species of?


Answer: 650

Question: How many thousands of years ago may have clothing been worn?


Answer: comfort

Context: The most obvious function of clothing is to improve the comfort of the wearer, by protecting the wearer from the elements. In hot climates, clothing provides protection from sunburn or wind damage, while in cold climates its thermal insulation properties are generally more important. Shelter usually reduces the functional need for clothing. For example, coats, hats, gloves, and other superficial layers are normally removed when entering a warm home, particularly if one is residing or sleeping there. Similarly, clothing has seasonal and regional aspects, so that thinner materials and fewer layers of clothing are generally worn in warmer seasons and regions than in colder ones.

Question: What obvious improvement does clothing bestow upon the wearer?


Answer: hot

Question: In what type of climate does clothing protect against sunburn and wind damage?


Answer: thermal insulation

Question: What property of clothing is important in cold climates?


Answer: clothing

Question: What has seasonal and regional aspects?


Answer: thinner

Question: What type of material tends to be worn in warmer seasons?


Answer: very wide

Context: Clothing can and has in history been made from a very wide variety of materials. Materials have ranged from leather and furs, to woven materials, to elaborate and exotic natural and synthetic fabrics. Not all body coverings are regarded as clothing. Articles carried rather than worn (such as purses), worn on a single part of the body and easily removed (scarves), worn purely for adornment (jewelry), or those that serve a function other than protection (eyeglasses), are normally considered accessories rather than clothing, as are footwear and hats.

Question: What variety has there been in the materials of clothing throughout history?


Answer: purses

Question: What is an article that is carried rather than worn that isn't regarded as clothing?


Answer: adornment

Question: Jewelry isn't considered clothing because it's usually worn purely for what reason?


Answer: accessories

Question: What are footwear and hats both considered?


Answer: eyeglasses

Question: What is an example of something that serves a function other than protection?


Answer: the uncovered human body

Context: Clothing protects against many things that might injure the uncovered human body. Clothes protect people from the elements, including rain, snow, wind, and other weather, as well as from the sun. However, clothing that is too sheer, thin, small, tight, etc., offers less protection. Clothes also reduce risk during activities such as work or sport. Some clothing protects from specific environmental hazards, such as insects, noxious chemicals, weather, weapons, and contact with abrasive substances. Conversely, clothing may protect the environment from the clothing wearer, as with doctors wearing medical scrubs.

Question: What does clothing protect from things which may injure it?


Answer: elements

Question: Rain, snow, and wind are what class of things clothing protects the wearer from?


Answer: protection

Question: Clothing that is too sheer will offer less what?


Answer: environmental

Question: What type of hazard is noxious chemicals?


Answer: medical scrubs

Question: What type of clothing do doctors wear to protect their surroundings?


Answer: Humans

Context: Humans have shown extreme inventiveness in devising clothing solutions to environmental hazards. Examples include: space suits, air conditioned clothing, armor, diving suits, swimsuits, bee-keeper gear, motorcycle leathers, high-visibility clothing, and other pieces of protective clothing. Meanwhile, the distinction between clothing and protective equipment is not always clear-cut—since clothes designed to be fashionable often have protective value and clothes designed for function often consider fashion in their design. Wearing clothes also has social implications. They cover parts of the body that social norms require to be covered, act as a form of adornment, and serve other social purposes.

Question: What animal has shown extreme inventiveness in the clothing it has devised?


Answer: environmental hazards

Question: What are space suits an example of a solution to?


Answer: social

Question: What type of implication might a certain type of clothing have?


Answer: protective

Question: What value may clothing designed to be fashionable also have?


Answer: social norms

Question: Why are some parts of the body covered?


Answer: 19th

Context: Although dissertations on clothing and its function appear from the 19th century as colonising countries dealt with new environments, concerted scientific research into psycho-social, physiological and other functions of clothing (e.g. protective, cartage) occurred in the first half of the 20th century, with publications such as J. C. Flügel's Psychology of Clothes in 1930, and Newburgh's seminal Physiology of Heat Regulation and The Science of Clothing in 1949. By 1968, the field of environmental physiology had advanced and expanded significantly, but the science of clothing in relation to environmental physiology had changed little. While considerable research has since occurred and the knowledge-base has grown significantly, the main concepts remain unchanged, and indeed Newburgh's book is still cited by contemporary authors, including those attempting to develop thermoregulatory models of clothing development.

Question: What century do dissertation on clothing first appear from?


Answer: 1930

Question: What year was J. C. Flügel's Psychology of Clothes published?


Answer: Newburgh's

Question: Whose book entitled Physiology of Heat Regulation and The Science of Clothing was published in 1949?


Answer: little

Question: How much had the science of clothing in relation to environmental factors changed by 1968?


Answer: the main concepts

Question: What have remained unchanged while the knowledge has grown?


Answer: Trousers

Context: In Western societies, skirts, dresses and high-heeled shoes are usually seen as women's clothing, while neckties are usually seen as men's clothing. Trousers were once seen as exclusively male clothing, but are nowadays worn by both genders. Male clothes are often more practical (that is, they can function well under a wide variety of situations), but a wider range of clothing styles are available for females. Males are typically allowed to bare their chests in a greater variety of public places. It is generally acceptable for a woman to wear traditionally male clothing, while the converse is unusual.

Question: What is an example of clothing that was once seen as exclusively for males?


Answer: Male

Question: What gender's clothing is often more practical?


Answer: their chests

Question: What can males typically bare in more places?


Answer: male clothing

Question: What would be unlikely to raise eyebrows if a woman were to wear it?


Answer: unusual

Question: What is a common opinion about men wearing women's clothing?


Answer: senators

Context: In some societies, clothing may be used to indicate rank or status. In ancient Rome, for example, only senators could wear garments dyed with Tyrian purple. In traditional Hawaiian society, only high-ranking chiefs could wear feather cloaks and palaoa, or carved whale teeth. Under the Travancore Kingdom of Kerala, (India), lower caste women had to pay a tax for the right to cover their upper body. In China, before establishment of the republic, only the emperor could wear yellow. History provides many examples of elaborate sumptuary laws that regulated what people could wear. In societies without such laws, which includes most modern societies, social status is instead signaled by the purchase of rare or luxury items that are limited by cost to those with wealth or status. In addition, peer pressure influences clothing choice.

Question: Who was allowed to wear gamrents dyed with Tyrian purple in ancient Rome?


Answer: high-ranking chiefs

Question: Who was allowed to wear feather cloaks and palaoa in old school Hawaiian society?


Answer: the right to cover their upper body

Question: What right were lower caste women required to pay a tax to acquire?


Answer: China

Question: What country once only allowed their emperor to wear yellow?


Answer: clothing choice

Question: What can peer pressure influence?


Answer: tied around

Context: According to archaeologists and anthropologists, the earliest clothing likely consisted of fur, leather, leaves, or grass that were draped, wrapped, or tied around the body. Knowledge of such clothing remains inferential, since clothing materials deteriorate quickly compared to stone, bone, shell and metal artifacts. Archeologists have identified very early sewing needles of bone and ivory from about 30,000 BC, found near Kostenki, Russia in 1988. Dyed flax fibers that could have been used in clothing have been found in a prehistoric cave in the Republic of Georgia that date back to 36,000 BP.

Question: How was the earliest clothing kept on the body?


Answer: deteriorate

Question: What does clothing materials do more quickly compared to stone and bone?


Answer: Archeologists

Question: Who has identified needles from about 30,000 B.C.?


Answer: a prehistoric cave

Question: Where have flax fibers which may have been used in clothing found?


Answer: Dyed flax fibers

Question: What dates back to 36,000 BP?


Answer: Scientists

Context: Scientists are still debating when people started wearing clothes. Ralf Kittler, Manfred Kayser and Mark Stoneking, anthropologists at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, have conducted a genetic analysis of human body lice that suggests clothing originated quite recently, around 170,000 years ago. Body lice is an indicator of clothes-wearing, since most humans have sparse body hair, and lice thus require human clothing to survive. Their research suggests the invention of clothing may have coincided with the northward migration of modern Homo sapiens away from the warm climate of Africa, thought to have begun between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago. However, a second group of researchers using similar genetic methods estimate that clothing originated around 540,000 years ago (Reed et al. 2004. PLoS Biology 2(11): e340). For now, the date of the origin of clothing remains unresolved.[citation needed]

Question: What group of people debate when humans stated wearing clothes?


Answer: genetic

Question: What type of analysis has been conducted on human body lice?


Answer: survive

Question: What do lice require human clothing to do?


Answer: northward migration

Question: What may have the invention of clothing happened with?


Answer: the date

Question: What about the origin of clothing remains unanswered?


Answer: cloth

Context: Different cultures have evolved various ways of creating clothes out of cloth. One approach simply involves draping the cloth. Many people wore, and still wear, garments consisting of rectangles of cloth wrapped to fit – for example, the dhoti for men and the sari for women in the Indian subcontinent, the Scottish kilt or the Javanese sarong. The clothes may simply be tied up, as is the case of the first two garments; or pins or belts hold the garments in place, as in the case of the latter two. The precious cloth remains uncut, and people of various sizes or the same person at different sizes can wear the garment.

Question: Various cultures have come up with ways of making clothes from what?


Answer: rectangles

Question: Many people still wear clothes that are what shape?


Answer: Scottish

Question: What nationality wears kilts?


Answer: garments

Question: Pins or belts hold what in place?


Answer: cloth

Question: What precious material may remain uncut?


Answer: western clothing styles

Context: By the early years of the 21st century, western clothing styles had, to some extent, become international styles. This process began hundreds of years earlier, during the periods of European colonialism. The process of cultural dissemination has perpetuated over the centuries as Western media corporations have penetrated markets throughout the world, spreading Western culture and styles. Fast fashion clothing has also become a global phenomenon. These garments are less expensive, mass-produced Western clothing. Donated used clothing from Western countries are also delivered to people in poor countries by charity organizations.

Question: What had somewhat became an international style by the early 21st century?


Answer: centuries

Question: Cultural dissemination has continued over the what?


Answer: markets throughout the world

Question: What have Western corporations penetrated?


Answer: Western media corporations

Question: Who has been spreading Western culture and styles?


Answer: charity organizations

Question: Who donates discard Western clothing to people in poor places?


Answer: special

Context: Most sports and physical activities are practiced wearing special clothing, for practical, comfort or safety reasons. Common sportswear garments include shorts, T-shirts, tennis shirts, leotards, tracksuits, and trainers. Specialized garments include wet suits (for swimming, diving or surfing), salopettes (for skiing) and leotards (for gymnastics). Also, spandex materials are often used as base layers to soak up sweat. Spandex is also preferable for active sports that require form fitting garments, such as volleyball, wrestling, track & field, dance, gymnastics and swimming.

Question: Safety reasons may be why someone wears this type of clothing.


Answer: sportswear

Question: Leotards are an example of what type of garment?


Answer: sweat

Question: What does spandex soak up?


Answer: Spandex

Question: What's an example of a form fitting garment?


Answer: active

Question: What type of sport is wrestling considered?


Answer: technological

Context: The world of clothing is always changing, as new cultural influences meet technological innovations. Researchers in scientific labs have been developing prototypes for fabrics that can serve functional purposes well beyond their traditional roles, for example, clothes that can automatically adjust their temperature, repel bullets, project images, and generate electricity. Some practical advances already available to consumers are bullet-resistant garments made with kevlar and stain-resistant fabrics that are coated with chemical mixtures that reduce the absorption of liquids.

Question: Changes keep happening because new cultural stuff meets these type of innovations.


Answer: prototypes

Question: What have researchers in science labs been making?


Answer: electricity

Question: What elementary force can some specialized fabrics generate?


Answer: bullets

Question: What can garments made with kevlar resist?


Answer: absorption of liquids

Question: Stain-resistant fabrics are coated with chemicals to reduce what?


Answer: challenging

Context: Though mechanization transformed most aspects of human industry by the mid-20th century, garment workers have continued to labor under challenging conditions that demand repetitive manual labor. Mass-produced clothing is often made in what are considered by some to be sweatshops, typified by long work hours, lack of benefits, and lack of worker representation. While most examples of such conditions are found in developing countries, clothes made in industrialized nations may also be manufactured similarly, often staffed by undocumented immigrants.[citation needed]

Question: What type of conditions do many garment works endure?


Answer: Mass-produced

Question: What type of clothing is frequently the product of sweatshops?


Answer: long work hours

Question: What is a feature of sweatshops beyond lack of benefits and representation?


Answer: industrialized

Question: Poor conditions found in developing countries may also be found in what type of nations?


Answer: undocumented

Question: What type of immigrant often staff sweatshops?


Answer: Outsourcing production to low wage countries

Context: Outsourcing production to low wage countries like Bangladesh, China, India and Sri Lanka became possible when the Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA) was abolished. The MFA, which placed quotas on textiles imports, was deemed a protectionist measure.[citation needed] Globalization is often quoted as the single most contributing factor to the poor working conditions of garment workers. Although many countries recognize treaties like the International Labor Organization, which attempt to set standards for worker safety and rights, many countries have made exceptions to certain parts of the treaties or failed to thoroughly enforce them. India for example has not ratified sections 87 and 92 of the treaty.[citation needed]

Question: The abolishing of the MFA made what possible?


Answer: textiles imports

Question: What did the MFA put quotas on?


Answer: Globalization

Question: What is often identified as the reason for less than ideal working conditions for garment workers?


Answer: the International Labor Organization

Question: What treaty tries to set standards for worker safety and rights?


Answer: India

Question: What country has failed to ratify sections 87 and 92 of the ILO?


Answer: animal fur

Context: The use of animal fur in clothing dates to prehistoric times. It is currently associated in developed countries with expensive, designer clothing, although fur is still used by indigenous people in arctic zones and higher elevations for its warmth and protection. Once uncontroversial, it has recently been the focus of campaigns on the grounds that campaigners consider it cruel and unnecessary. PETA, along with other animal rights and animal liberation groups have called attention to fur farming and other practices they consider cruel.

Question: What have humans used for clothing since prehistoric times?


Answer: arctic

Question: Indigenous people in what zones use fur for warmth and protection?


Answer: uncontroversial

Question: Using animal fur as clothing was once considered what?


Answer: campaigners

Question: Who considers animal fur to be cruel and unnecessary?


Answer: PETA

Question: What's the four letter name of an animal liberation group?


Answer: to remove wrinkles

Context: Many kinds of clothing are designed to be ironed before they are worn to remove wrinkles. Most modern formal and semi-formal clothing is in this category (for example, dress shirts and suits). Ironed clothes are believed to look clean, fresh, and neat. Much contemporary casual clothing is made of knit materials that do not readily wrinkle, and do not require ironing. Some clothing is permanent press, having been treated with a coating (such as polytetrafluoroethylene) that suppresses wrinkles and creates a smooth appearance without ironing.

Question: What's the point of ironing clothing?


Answer: Ironed

Question: What type of clothing is believed to look neat, fresh and clean?


Answer: knit

Question: What material doesn't easily wrinkle?


Answer: a coating

Question: Permanent press materials have been treated with what?


Answer: wrinkles

Question: What does polytetrafluoroethylene suppress?


Answer: A resin

Context: A resin used for making non-wrinkle shirts releases formaldehyde, which could cause contact dermatitis for some people; no disclosure requirements exist, and in 2008 the U.S. Government Accountability Office tested formaldehyde in clothing and found that generally the highest levels were in non-wrinkle shirts and pants. In 1999, a study of the effect of washing on the formaldehyde levels found that after 6 months after washing, 7 of 27 shirts had levels in excess of 75 ppm, which is a safe limit for direct skin exposure.

Question: What releases formaldehyde?


Answer: formaldehyde

Question: What can cause contact dermatitis for some people?


Answer: Accountability

Question: What government office found high levels of formaldehyde in non-wrinkle clothing in 2008?


Answer: 75

Question: How many ppm is a safe limit for direct skin exposure to formaldehyde?


Answer: 6

Question: How many months of washing did a 1999 study look at?


Answer: mending

Context: In past times, mending was an art. A meticulous tailor or seamstress could mend rips with thread raveled from hems and seam edges so skillfully that the tear was practically invisible. When the raw material – cloth – was worth more than labor, it made sense to expend labor in saving it. Today clothing is considered a consumable item. Mass-manufactured clothing is less expensive than the labor required to repair it. Many people buy a new piece of clothing rather than spend time mending. The thrifty still replace zippers and buttons and sew up ripped hems.

Question: What used to be considered an art, back in the day?


Answer: tear

Question: What could an accomplished tailor or seamstress skillfully render almost invisible?


Answer: worth more than labor

Question: Why did it make sense to spend time fixing cloth?


Answer: a consumable item

Question: What is clothing considered today?


Answer: thrifty

Question: What type of person is likely to replace zippers and buttons?


Answer: The Chicago Cubs

Context: The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team located on the North Side of Chicago, Illinois. The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a members of the National League (NL) Central division; the team plays its home baseball games at Wrigley Field. The Cubs are also one of two active major league teams based in Chicago; the other is the Chicago White Sox, who are a member of the American League (AL) Central division. The team is currently owned by Thomas S. Ricketts, son of TD Ameritrade founder Joe Ricketts.

Question: What American professional baseball team is located on the North side of Chicago, IL?


Answer: the National League

Question: What league are the Chicago Cubs in?


Answer: Wrigley Field

Question: Where do the Chicago Cubs play their home games?


Answer: Joe Ricketts

Question: Who currently owns the Chicago Cubs?


Answer: 1876

Context: The team played its first games in 1876 as a founding member of the National League (NL), eventually becoming known officially as the Chicago Cubs for the 1903 season. Officially, the Cubs are tied for the distinction of being the oldest currently active U.S. professional sports club, along with the Atlanta Braves, which also began play in the NL in 1876 as the Boston Red Stockings (Major League Baseball does not officially recognize the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players as a major league.)

Question: When did the Chicago Cubs play their first game?


Answer: 1903 season

Question: What year did the Chicago Cubs' name become official?


Answer: Atlanta Braves

Question: What other team besides the Chicago Cubs is tied for being the oldest currently active U.S. professional sports club?


Answer: 1906

Context: In 1906, the franchise recorded a Major League record 116 wins (tied by the 2001 Seattle Mariners) and posted a modern-era record winning percentage of .763, which still stands today. They appeared in their first World Series the same year, falling to their crosstown rivals, the Chicago White Sox, four games to two. The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League team to play in three consecutive Fall Classics, and the first to win it twice. The team has appeared in seven World Series following their 1908 title, most recently in 1945. The Cubs have not won the World Series in 107 years, the longest championship drought of any major North American professional sports team, and are often referred to as the "Lovable Losers" because of this distinction. They are also known as "The North Siders" because Wrigley Field, their home park since 1916, is located in Chicago's North Side Lake View community at 1060 West Addison Street. The Cubs have a major rivalry with the St. Louis Cardinals.

Question: What year did the cubs record a Major League record of 116 wins?


Answer: .763

Question: What is the winning percentage the Cubs posted that still stands today?


Answer: The Cubs

Question: Who was the first team to play in three consecutive Fall Classics?


Answer: seven

Question: How many world series have the Cubs appeared in?


Answer: the Chicago White Stockings

Context: The Cubs began play as the Chicago White Stockings, joining the National League (NL) as a charter member. Owner William Hulbert signed multiple star players, such as pitcher Albert Spalding and infielders Ross Barnes, Deacon White, and Adrian "Cap" Anson, to join the team prior to the N.L.'s first season. The White Stockings played their home games at West Side Grounds,against the bloods and quickly established themselves as one of the new league's top teams. Spalding won forty-seven games and Barnes led the league in hitting at .429 as Chicago won the first ever National League pennant, which at the time was the game's top prize.

Question: Who did the Cubs began play as?


Answer: William Hulbert

Question: When the Cubs started playing, who was their owner?


Answer: West Side Grounds

Question: Where did the White Stockings play their home games?


Answer: Spalding

Context: After back-to-back pennants in 1880 and 1881, Hulbert died, and Spalding, who had retired to start Spalding sporting goods, assumed ownership of the club. The White Stockings, with Anson acting as player/manager, captured their third consecutive pennant in 1882, and Anson established himself as the game's first true superstar. In 1885 and '86, after winning N.L. pennants, the White Stockings met the short-lived American Association champion in that era's version of a World Series. Both seasons resulted in match ups with the St. Louis Brown Stockings, with the clubs tying in 1885 and with St. Louis winning in 1886. This was the genesis of what would eventually become one of the greatest rivalries in sports. In all, the Anson-led Chicago Base Ball Club won six National League pennants between 1876 and 1886. As a result, Chicago's club nickname transitioned, and by 1890 they had become known as the Chicago Colts, or sometimes "Anson's Colts", referring to Cap's influence within the club. Anson was the first player in history credited with collecting 3,000 career hits. After a disappointing record of 59-73 and a 9th-place finish in 1897, Anson was released by the Cubs as both a player and manager. Due to Anson's absence from the club after 22 years, local newspaper reporters started to refer to the Cubs as the "Orphans".

Question: Who assumed ownership of the Cubs after Hulbert died?


Answer: 1882

Question: What year did the White Stockings capture their third consecutive pennant?


Answer: six

Question: While Anson led the Chicago cubs how many National League pennants did they win?


Answer: Chicago Colts

Question: What did the Chicago Cubs become know as by 1890?


Answer: Anson

Question: Who was the first player in history credited with collecting 3,000 career hits?


Answer: Jim Hart

Context: In 1902, Spalding, who by this time had revamped the roster to boast what would soon be one of the best teams of the early century, sold the club to Jim Hart. The franchise was nicknamed the Cubs by the Chicago Daily News in 1902, although not officially becoming the Chicago Cubs until the 1907 season. During this period, which has become known as baseball's dead-ball era, Cub infielders Joe Tinker, Johnny Evers, and Frank Chance were made famous as a double-play combination by Franklin P. Adams' poem Baseball's Sad Lexicon. The poem first appeared in the July 18, 1910 edition of the New York Evening Mail. Mordecai "Three-Finger" Brown, Jack Taylor, Ed Reulbach, Jack Pfiester, and Orval Overall were several key pitchers for the Cubs during this time period. With Chance acting as player-manager from 1905 to 1912, the Cubs won four pennants and two World Series titles over a five-year span. Although they fell to the "Hitless Wonders" White Sox in the 1906 World Series, the Cubs recorded a record 116 victories and the best winning percentage (.763) in Major League history. With mostly the same roster, Chicago won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League club to play three times in the Fall Classic and the first to win it twice. However, the Cubs have not won a World Series since; this remains the longest championship drought in North American professional sports.

Question: Who did Spalding sell the Cubs to in 1902?


Answer: Chicago Daily News

Question: Who nicknamed the franchise the Cubs in 1902?


Answer: the Cubs

Question: Who holds the longest championship drought in North American professional sports?


Answer: Franklin P. Adams

Question: Who wrote the poem Baseball's Sad Lexicon?


Answer: Albert Lasker

Context: In 1914, advertising executive Albert Lasker obtained a large block of the club's shares and before the 1916 season assumed majority ownership of the franchise. Lasker brought in a wealthy partner, Charles Weeghman, the proprietor of a popular chain of lunch counters who had previously owned the Chicago Whales of the short-lived Federal League. As principal owners, the pair moved the club from the West Side Grounds to the much newer Weeghman Park, which had been constructed for the Whales only two years earlier, where they remain to this day. The Cubs responded by winning a pennant in the war-shortened season of 1918, where they played a part in another team's curse: the Boston Red Sox defeated Grover Cleveland Alexander's Cubs four games to two in the 1918 World Series, Boston's last Series championship until 2004.

Question: Who obtained a large block of the Cub's shares in 1914?


Answer: Albert Lasker

Question: Who assumed majority ownership of the Cubs franchise by the 1916 season?


Answer: Charles Weeghman

Question: Who did Albert Lasker bring in to be his partner of the Chicago Cubs?


Answer: Weeghman Park

Question: Where did the Cubs move to after leaving the West Side Grounds?


Answer: 1930

Context: Near the end of the first decade of the double-Bills' guidance, the Cubs won the NL pennant in 1929 and then achieved the unusual feat of winning a pennant every three years, following up the 1929 flag with league titles in 1932, 1935, and 1938. Unfortunately, their success did not extend to the Fall Classic, as they fell to their AL rivals each time. The '32 series against the Yankees featured Babe Ruth's "called shot" at Wrigley Field in Game 3. There were some historic moments for the Cubs as well; In 1930, Hack Wilson, one of the top home run hitters in the game, had one of the most impressive seasons in MLB history, hitting 56 home runs and establishing the current runs-batted-in record of 191. That 1930 club, which boasted six eventual Hall of Famers (Wilson, Gabby Hartnett, Rogers Hornsby, George "High Pockets" Kelly, Kiki Cuyler and manager Joe McCarthy) established the current team batting average record of .309. In 1935 the Cubs claimed the pennant in thrilling fashion, winning a record 21 games in a row in September. The '38 club saw Dizzy Dean lead the team's pitching staff and provided a historic moment when they won a crucial late-season game at Wrigley Field over the Pittsburgh Pirates with a walk-off home run by Gabby Hartnett, which became known in baseball lore as "The Homer in the Gloamin'".

Question: What year did Hack Wilson have one of the most impressive seasons in MLB history?


Answer: 21

Question: How many games in a row did the Cubs win in a row during 1935?


Answer: 1929

Question: What year did the Cubs win the NL pennant?


Answer: wartime travel restrictions

Context: The Cubs enjoyed one more pennant at the close of World War II, finishing 98–56. Due to the wartime travel restrictions, the first three games of the 1945 World Series were played in Detroit, where the Cubs won two games, including a one-hitter by Claude Passeau, and the final four were played at Wrigley. In Game 4 of the Series, the Curse of the Billy Goat was allegedly laid upon the Cubs when P.K. Wrigley ejected Billy Sianis, who had come to Game 4 with two box seat tickets, one for him and one for his goat. They paraded around for a few innings, but Wrigley demanded the goat leave the park due to its unpleasant odor. Upon his ejection, Mr. Sianis uttered, "The Cubs, they ain't gonna win no more." The Cubs lost Game 4, lost the Series, and have not been back since. It has also been said by many that Sianis put a "curse" on the Cubs, apparently preventing the team from playing in the World Series. After losing the 1945 World Series to the Detroit Tigers, the Cubs finished with winning seasons the next two years, but those teams did not enter post-season play.

Question: Why were the first three games of the 1945 World Series played in Detroit?


Answer: Wrigley

Question: Where were the final four games of the 1945 World Series played?


Answer: Game 4 of the Series

Question: In what game was the Curse of the Billy Goat allegedly laid upon the Cubs?


Answer: goat

Question: What was ejected from Wrigley park because of it's bad odor?


Answer: Phil Cavarretta

Context: In the following two decades after Sianis' ill will, the Cubs played mostly forgettable baseball, finishing among the worst teams in the National League on an almost annual basis. Longtime infielder/manager Phil Cavarretta, who had been a key player during the '45 season, was fired during spring training in 1954 after admitting the team was unlikely to finish above fifth place. Although shortstop Ernie Banks would become one of the star players in the league during the next decade, finding help for him proved a difficult task, as quality players such as Hank Sauer were few and far between. This, combined with poor ownership decisions such as the College of Coaches, and the ill-fated trade of future Hall of Famer Lou Brock to the Cardinals for pitcher Ernie Broglio (who won only 7 games over the next three seasons), hampered on-field performance.

Question: Who had been a key player in the 1945 season?


Answer: the '45 season

Question: What season was Phil Cavarretta a key player for the Cubs?


Answer: Phil Cavarretta

Question: Who was fired during spring training in 1954 after admitting the Cubs were unlikely to finish above fifth place?


Answer: Leo Durocher

Context: In 1969 the Cubs, managed by Leo Durocher, built a substantial lead in the newly created National League Eastern Division by mid-August. Ken Holtzman pitched a no-hitter on August 19, and the division lead grew to 8 1⁄2 games over the St. Louis Cardinals and by 9 1⁄2 games over the New York Mets. After the game of September 2, the Cubs record was 84-52 with the Mets in second place at 77-55. But then a losing streak began just as a Mets winning streak was beginning. The Cubs lost the final game of a series at Cincinnati, then came home to play the resurgent Pittsburgh Pirates (who would finish in third place). After losing the first two games by scores of 9-2 and 13-4, the Cubs led going into the ninth inning. A win would be a positive springboard since the Cubs were to play a crucial series with the Mets the very next day. But Willie Stargell drilled a 2-out, 2-strike pitch from the Cubs' ace reliever, Phil Regan, onto Sheffield Avenue to tie the score in the top of the ninth. The Cubs would lose 7-5 in extra innings. Burdened by a four-game losing streak, the Cubs traveled to Shea Stadium for a short two-game set. The Mets won both games, and the Cubs left New York with a record of 84-58 just 1⁄2 game in front. Disaster followed in Philadelphia, as a 99 loss Phillies team nonetheless defeated the Cubs twice, to extend Chicago's losing streak to eight games. In a key play in the second game, on September 11, Cubs starter Dick Selma threw a surprise pickoff attempt to third baseman Ron Santo, who was nowhere near the bag or the ball. Selma's throwing error opened the gates to a Phillies rally. After that second Philly loss, the Cubs were 84-60 and the Mets had pulled ahead at 85-57. The Mets would not look back. The Cubs' eight-game losing streak finally ended the next day in St. Louis, but the Mets were in the midst of a ten-game winning streak, and the Cubs, wilting from team fatigue, generally deteriorated in all phases of the game. The Mets (who had lost a record 120 games 7 years earlier), would go on to win the World Series. The Cubs, despite a respectable 92-70 record, would be remembered for having lost a remarkable 17½ games in the standings to the Mets in the last quarter of the season.

Question: Who managed the Cubs in 1969?


Answer: National League Eastern Division

Question: The Cubs built a substantial lead in what league under management of Leo Durocher?


Answer: August 19

Question: When did Ken Hoitzman pitch a no-hitter?


Answer: Dick Selma

Question: Who threw a surprise pickoff attempt to third baseman Ron Santo?


Answer: the 70s

Context: Following the '69 season, the club posted winning records for the next few seasons, but no playoff action. After the core players of those teams started to move on, the 70s got worse for the team, and they became known as "The Loveable Losers." In 1977, the team found some life, but ultimately experienced one of its biggest collapses. The Cubs hit a high-water mark on June 28 at 47–22, boasting an 8 1⁄2 game NL East lead, as they were led by Bobby Murcer (27 Hr/89 RBI), and Rick Reuschel (20–10). However, the Philadelphia Phillies cut the lead to two by the All-star break, as the Cubs sat 19 games over .500, but they swooned late in the season, going 20–40 after July 31. The Cubs finished in 4th place at 81–81, while Philadelphia surged, finishing with 101 wins. The following two seasons also saw the Cubs get off to a fast start, as the team rallied to over 10 games above .500 well into both seasons, only to again wear down and play poorly later on, and ultimately settling back to mediocrity. This trait became known as the "June Swoon." Again, the Cubs' unusually high number of day games is often pointed to as one reason for the team's inconsistent late season play.

Question: During what decade did the Cubs become known as "The Loveable Losers"?


Answer: unusually high number of day games

Question: What is often pointed to as the one reason for the Cubs' inconsistent late season play?


Answer: 1977

Question: What year did the Cubs experience one of their biggest collapses?


Answer: 1981

Context: After over a dozen more subpar seasons, in 1981 the Cubs hired GM Dallas Green from Philadelphia to turn around the franchise. Green had managed the 1980 Phillies to the World Series title. One of his early GM moves brought in a young Phillies minor-league 3rd baseman named Ryne Sandberg, along with Larry Bowa for Iván DeJesús. The 1983 Cubs had finished 71–91 under Lee Elia, who was fired before the season ended by Green. Green continued the culture of change and overhauled the Cubs roster, front-office and coaching staff prior to 1984. Jim Frey was hired to manage the 1984 Cubs, with Don Zimmer coaching 3rd base and Billy Connors serving as pitching coach.

Question: What year did the Cubs hire GM Dallas Green?


Answer: Philadelphia

Question: Where was GM Dallas Green from?


Answer: Phillies

Question: What team had Dallas Green managed in 1980?


Answer: Green

Context: Green shored up the 1984 roster with a series of transactions. In December, 1983 Scott Sanderson was acquired from Montreal in a three-team deal with San Diego for Carmelo Martínez. Pinch hitter Richie Hebner (.333 BA in 1984) was signed as a free-agent. In spring training, moves continued: LF Gary Matthews and CF Bobby Dernier came from Philadelphia on March 26, for Bill Campbell and a minor leaguer. Reliever Tim Stoddard (10–6 3.82, 7 saves) was acquired the same day for a minor leaguer; veteran pitcher Ferguson Jenkins was released.

Question: Who shored up the 1984 roster with a series of transactions?


Answer: December, 1983

Question: When was Scott Sanderson acquired from Montreal?


Answer: March 26

Question: When did LF Gary Matthews and CF Bobby Dernier come from Philadelphia to the Cubs?


Answer: June 15

Context: The team's commitment to contend was complete when Green made a midseason deal on June 15 to shore up the starting rotation due to injuries to Rick Reuschel (5–5) and Sanderson. The deal brought 1979 NL Rookie of the Year pitcher Rick Sutcliffe from the Cleveland Indians. Joe Carter (who was with the Triple-A Iowa Cubs at the time) and center fielder Mel Hall were sent to Cleveland for Sutcliffe and back-up catcher Ron Hassey (.333 with Cubs in 1984). Sutcliffe (5–5 with the Indians) immediately joined Sanderson (8–5 3.14), Eckersley (10–8 3.03), Steve Trout (13–7 3.41) and Dick Ruthven (6–10 5.04) in the starting rotation. Sutcliffe proceeded to go 16–1 for Cubs and capture the Cy Young Award.

Question: When did Green make a deal to shore up the starting rotation?


Answer: due to injuries to Rick Reuschel (5–5) and Sanderson

Question: Why did Green make a deal to shore up the starting rotation?


Answer: Rick Sutcliffe

Question: Who was the 1979 NL Rookie of the Year pitcher?


Answer: the Cleveland Indians

Question: Where had Rick Sutcliffe been before moving to the Cubs?


Answer: NBC Saturday Game of the Week

Context: The shift in the Cubs' fortunes was characterized June 23 on the "NBC Saturday Game of the Week" contest against the St. Louis Cardinals. it has since been dubbed simply "The Sandberg Game." With the nation watching and Wrigley Field packed, Sandberg emerged as a superstar with not one, but two game-tying home runs against Cardinals closer Bruce Sutter. With his shots in the 9th and 10th innings Wrigley Field erupted and Sandberg set the stage for a comeback win that cemented the Cubs as the team to beat in the East. No one would catch them, except the Padres in the playoffs.

Question: What contest shift the Cubs' Fortunes?


Answer: The Sandberg Game

Question: What had the contest between the Cubs and the St. Louis Cardinals been dubbed as?


Answer: two

Question: How many game-tying home runs did Sandberg get against the Cardinals at the Sandber Game?


Answer: 1984

Context: In 1984, each league had two divisions, East and West. The divisional winners met in a best-of-5 series to advance to the World Series, in a "2–3" format, first two games were played at the home of the team who did not have home field advantage. Then the last three games were played at the home of the team, with home field advantage. Thus the first two games were played at Wrigley Field and the next three at the home of their opponents, San Diego. A common and unfounded myth is that since Wrigley Field did not have lights at that time the National League decided to give the home field advantage to the winner of the NL West. In fact, home field advantage had rotated between the winners of the East and West since 1969 when the league expanded. In even numbered years, the NL West had home field advantage. In odd numbered years, the NL East had home field advantage. Since the NL East winners had had home field advantage in 1983, the NL West winners were entitled to it.

Question: In what year did the league have two divisions?


Answer: best-of-5 series

Question: The division winners met in what kind of series to advance to the World Series?


Answer: Wrigley Field

Question: Where were the first two games of the 1984 division winners held?


Answer: Wrigley Field did not yet have lights

Context: The confusion may stem from the fact that Major League Baseball did decide that, should the Cubs make it to the World Series, the American League winner would have home field advantage unless the Cubs hosted home games at an alternate site since the Cubs home field of Wrigley Field did not yet have lights. Rumor was the Cubs could hold home games across town at Comiskey Park, home of the American League's Chicago White Sox. Rather than hold any games in the cross town rival Sox Park, the Cubs made arrangements with the August A. Busch, owner of the St. Louis Cardinals, to use Busch Stadium in St. Louis as the Cubs "home field" for the World Series. This was approved by Major League Baseball and would have enabled the Cubs to host games 1 and 2, along with games 6 and 7 if necessary. At the time home field advantage was rotated between each league. Odd numbered years the AL had home field advantage. Even numbered years the NL had home field advantage. In the 1982 World Series the St. Louis Cardinals of the NL had home field advantage. In the 1983 World Series the Baltimore Orioles of the AL had home field advantage.

Question: Why did the cubs need to host their home games at an alternative site?


Answer: Comiskey Park

Question: Where was it rumored that the Cubs could home their home games?


Answer: Chicago White Sox

Question: Comiskey Park was the home to what team?


Answer: Baltimore Orioles

Question: Who had the home field advantage in 1983?


Answer: , the Cubs

Context: In the NLCS, the Cubs easily won the first two games at Wrigley Field against the San Diego Padres. The Padres were the winners of the Western Division with Steve Garvey, Tony Gwynn, Eric Show, Goose Gossage and Alan Wiggins. With wins of 13–0 and 4–2, the Cubs needed to win only one game of the next three in San Diego to make it to the World Series. After being beaten in Game 3 7–1, the Cubs lost Game 4 when Smith, with the game tied 5–5, allowed a game-winning home run to Garvey in the bottom of the ninth inning. In Game 5 the Cubs took a 3–0 lead into the 6th inning, and a 3–2 lead into the seventh with Sutcliffe (who won the Cy Young Award that year) still on the mound. Then, Leon Durham had a sharp grounder go under his glove. This critical error helped the Padres win the game 6–3, with a 4-run 7th inning and keep Chicago out of the 1984 World Series against the Detroit Tigers. The loss ended a spectacular season for the Cubs, one that brought alive a slumbering franchise and made the Cubs relevant for a whole new generation of Cubs fans.

Question: Who easily won the first two games in the NLCS?


Answer: Wrigley Field

Question: Where did the Cubs easily win the first two games of the NLCS?


Answer: San Diego Padres

Question: Who did the cubs play against in the first two games of the NLCS?


Answer: 1989

Context: In 1989, the first full season with night baseball at Wrigley Field, Don Zimmer's Cubs were led by a core group of veterans in Ryne Sandberg, Rick Sutcliffe and Andre Dawson, who were boosted by a crop of youngsters such as Mark Grace, Shawon Dunston, Greg Maddux, Rookie of the Year Jerome Walton, and Rookie of the Year Runner-Up Dwight Smith. The Cubs won the NL East once again that season winning 93 games. This time the Cubs met the San Francisco Giants in the NLCS. After splitting the first two games at home, the Cubs headed to the Bay Area, where despite holding a lead at some point in each of the next three games, bullpen meltdowns and managerial blunders ultimately led to three straight losses. The Cubs couldn't overcome the efforts of Will Clark, whose home run off Maddux, just after a managerial visit to the mound, led Maddux to think Clark knew what pitch was coming. Afterward, Maddux would speak into his glove during any mound conversation, beginning what is a norm today. Mark Grace was 11–17 in the series with 8 RBI. Eventually, the Giants lost to the "Bash Brothers" and the Oakland A's in the famous "Earthquake Series."

Question: What year was the first full season with night baseball at Wrigley Field?


Answer: Jerome Walton

Question: Who was rookie of the year in 1989?


Answer: Dwight Smith

Question: Who was rookie of the year Runner-Up in 1989?


Answer: San Francisco Giants

Question: Who did the Cubs meet in the NLCS during 1989?


Answer: Harry Caray

Context: The '98 season would begin on a somber note with the death of legendary broadcaster Harry Caray. After the retirement of Sandberg and the trade of Dunston, the Cubs had holes to fill and the signing of Henry Rodríguez, known affectionately as "H-Rod" to bat cleanup provided protection for Sammy Sosa in the lineup, as Rodriguez slugged 31 round-trippers in his first season in Chicago. Kevin Tapani led the club with a career high 19 wins, Rod Beck anchored a strong bullpen and Mark Grace turned in one of his best seasons. The Cubs were swamped by media attention in 1998, and the team's two biggest headliners were Sosa and rookie flamethrower Kerry Wood. Wood's signature performance was one-hitting the Houston Astros, a game in which he tied the major league record of 20 strikeouts in nine innings. His torrid strikeout numbers earned Wood the nickname "Kid K," and ultimately earned him the 1998 NL Rookie of the Year award. Sosa caught fire in June, hitting a major league record 20 home runs in the month, and his home run race with Cardinals slugger Mark McGwire transformed the pair into international superstars in a matter of weeks. McGwire finished the season with a new major league record of 70 home runs, but Sosa's .308 average and 66 homers earned him the National League MVP Award. After a down-to-the-wire Wild Card chase with the San Francisco Giants, Chicago and San Francisco ended the regular season tied, and thus squared off in a one-game playoff at Wrigley Field in which third baseman Gary Gaetti hit the eventual game winning homer. The win propelled the Cubs into the postseason once again with a 90–73 regular season tally. Unfortunately, the bats went cold in October, as manager Jim Riggleman's club batted .183 and scored only four runs en route to being swept by Atlanta. On a positive note, the home run chase between Sosa, McGwire and Ken Griffey, Jr. helped professional baseball to bring in a new crop of fans as well as bringing back some fans who had been disillusioned by the 1994 strike. The Cubs retained many players who experienced career years in '98, and after a fast start in 1999, they collapsed again (starting with being swept at the hands of the cross-town White Sox in mid-June) and finished in the bottom of the division for the next two seasons.

Question: What legendary broadcaster died in the '98 season?


Answer: Henry Rodríguez

Question: Who was affectionately known as "H-Rod"?


Answer: 31

Question: How many round-trippers did Rodriguez slug in his first season in Chicago?


Answer: Don Baylor

Context: Despite losing fan favorite Grace to free agency, and the lack of production from newcomer Todd Hundley, skipper Don Baylor's Cubs put together a good season in 2001. The season started with Mack Newton being brought in to preach "positive thinking." One of the biggest stories of the season transpired as the club made a midseason deal for Fred McGriff, which was drawn out for nearly a month as McGriff debated waiving his no-trade clause, as the Cubs led the wild card race by 2.5 games in early September. That run died when Preston Wilson hit a three run walk off homer off of closer Tom "Flash" Gordon, which halted the team's momentum. The team was unable to make another serious charge, and finished at 88–74, five games behind both Houston and St. Louis, who tied for first. Sosa had perhaps his finest season and Jon Lieber led the staff with a 20 win season.

Question: Who put together a good season for the Cubs in 2001?


Answer: Mack Newton

Question: Who was brought in to preach "positive thinking"?


Answer: Preston Wilson

Question: Who hit a three run walk off homer off of closer Tom "Flash" Gordon?


Answer: July 5, 2002

Context: The Cubs had high expectations in 2002, but the squad played poorly. On July 5, 2002 the Cubs promoted assistant general manager and player personnel director Jim Hendry to the General Manager position. The club responded by hiring Dusty Baker and by making some major moves in '03. Most notably, they traded with the Pittsburgh Pirates for outfielder Kenny Lofton and third baseman Aramis Ramírez, and rode dominant pitching, led by Kerry Wood and Mark Prior, as the Cubs led the division down the stretch.

Question: When did the Cubs promote assistant general manager and player personnel director Jim Hendry?


Answer: the General Manager position

Question: What was Jim Hendry promoted to?


Answer: Dusty Baker

Question: Who did the Cubs hire in response to Jim Hendry's promotion?


Answer: Game 5

Context: After losing an extra-inning game in Game 1, the Cubs rallied and took a 3 games to 1 lead over the Wild Card Florida Marlins in the NLCS. Florida shut the Cubs out in Game 5, but young pitcher Mark Prior led the Cubs in Game 6 as they took a 3–0 lead into the 8th inning and it was at this point when a now-infamous incident took place. Several spectators attempted to catch a foul ball off the bat of Luis Castillo. A Chicago Cubs fan by the name of Steve Bartman, of Northbrook, Illinois, reached for the ball and deflected it away from the glove of Moisés Alou for the second out of the 8th inning. Alou reacted angrily toward the stands, and after the game stated that he would have caught the ball. Alou at one point recanted, saying he would not have been able to make the play, but later said this was just an attempt to make Bartman feel better and believing the whole incident should be forgotten. Interference was not called on the play, as the ball was ruled to be on the spectator side of the wall. Castillo was eventually walked by Prior. Two batters later, and to the chagrin of the packed stadium, Cubs shortstop Alex Gonzalez misplayed an inning ending double play, loading the bases and leading to eight Florida runs and a Marlin victory. Despite sending Kerry Wood to the mound and holding a lead twice, the Cubs ultimately dropped Game 7, and failed to reach the World Series.

Question: In what game did Florida shut the Cubs out?


Answer: Mark Prior

Question: What pitcher led the Cubs in Game 6?


Answer: Luis Castillo

Question: Who hit the foul ball that several spectators attempted to catch?


Answer: 2004

Context: In 2004, the Cubs were a consensus pick by most media outlets to win the World Series. The offseason acquisition of Derek Lee (who was acquired in a trade with Florida for Hee-seop Choi) and the return of Greg Maddux only bolstered these expectation. Despite a mid-season deal for Nomar Garciaparra, misfortune struck the Cubs again. They led the Wild Card by 1.5 games over San Francisco and Houston on September 25, and both of those teams lost that day, giving the Cubs a chance at increasing the lead to a commanding 2.5 games with only eight games remaining in the season, but reliever LaTroy Hawkins blew a save to the Mets, and the Cubs lost the game in extra innings, a defeat that seemingly deflated the team, as they proceeded to drop 6 of their last 8 games as the Astros won the Wild Card.

Question: What year did most media outlets pick the Cubs to win the World Series?


Answer: Derek Lee

Question: Who was acquired in a trade with Florida for Hee-seop Choi?


Answer: Nomar Garciaparra

Question: Who was the mid-season deal for?


Answer: Sammy Sosa

Context: Despite the fact that the Cubs had won 89 games, this fallout was decidedly unlovable, as the Cubs traded superstar Sammy Sosa after he had left the season's final game early and then lied about it publicly. Already a controversial figure in the clubhouse after his corked-bat incident, Sammy's actions alienated much of his once strong fan base as well as the few teammates still on good terms with him, (many teammates grew tired of Sosa playing loud salsa music in the locker room) and possibly tarnished his place in Cubs' lore for years to come. The disappointing season also saw fans start to become frustrated with the constant injuries to ace pitchers Mark Prior and Kerry Wood. Additionally, the '04 season led to the departure of popular commentator Steve Stone, who had become increasingly critical of management during broadcasts and was verbally attacked by reliever Kent Mercker. Things were no better in 2005, despite a career year from first baseman Derrek Lee and the emergence of closer Ryan Dempster. The club struggled and suffered more key injuries, only managing to win 79 games after being picked by many to be a serious contender for the N.L. pennant. In 2006, bottom fell out as the Cubs finished 66–96, last in the NL Central.

Question: Who did the Cubs trade after leaving the final game early and lieing about it?


Answer: Sammy Sosa

Question: Who was a controversial figure due to a corked-bat incident?


Answer: Steve Stone

Question: What popular commentator left during the '04 season?


Answer: Kent Mercker

Question: Who verbally attacked Steve Stone?


Answer: 66

Context: After finishing last in the NL Central with 66 wins in 2006, the Cubs re-tooled and went from "worst to first" in 2007. In the offseason they signed Alfonso Soriano to a contract at 8 years for $136 million, and replaced manager Dusty Baker with fiery veteran manager Lou Piniella. After a rough start, which included a brawl between Michael Barrett and Carlos Zambrano, the Cubs overcame the Milwaukee Brewers, who had led the division for most of the season, with winning streaks in June and July, coupled with a pair of dramatic, late-inning wins against the Reds, and ultimately clinched the NL Central with a record of 85–77. The Cubs traded Barrett to the Padres, and later acquired Jason Kendall from Oakland. Kendall was highly successful with his management of the pitching rotation and helped at the plate as well. By September, Geovany Soto became the full-time starter behind the plate, replacing the veteran Kendall. They met Arizona in the NLDS, but controversy followed as Piniella, in a move that has since come under scrutiny, pulled Carlos Zambrano after the sixth inning of a pitcher's duel with D-Backs ace Brandon Webb, to "....save Zambrano for (a potential) Game 4." The Cubs, however, were unable to come through, losing the first game and eventually stranding over 30 baserunners in a 3-game Arizona sweep.

Question: How many wins did the Cubs finish the NL Central with in 2006?


Answer: Alfonso Soriano

Question: Who was signed to a contract at 8 years for $136 million?


Answer: Lou Piniella

Question: Who replaced Dusty Baker as the Cubs manager?


Answer: Kosuke Fukudome

Context: The Cubs successfully defended their National League Central title in 2008, going to the postseason in consecutive years for the first time since 1906–08. The offseason was dominated by three months of unsuccessful trade talks with the Orioles involving 2B Brian Roberts, as well as the signing of Chunichi Dragons star Kosuke Fukudome. The team recorded their 10,000th win in April, while establishing an early division lead. Reed Johnson and Jim Edmonds were added early on and Rich Harden was acquired from the Oakland Athletics in early July. The Cubs headed into the All-Star break with the N.L.'s best record, and tied the league record with eight representatives to the All-Star game, including catcher Geovany Soto, who was named Rookie of the Year. The Cubs took control of the division by sweeping a four-game series in Milwaukee. On September 14, in a game moved to Miller Park due to Hurricane Ike, Zambrano pitched a no-hitter against the Astros, and six days later the team clinched by beating St. Louis at Wrigley. The club ended the season with a 97–64 record and met Los Angeles in the NLDS. The heavily favored Cubs took an early lead in Game 1, but James Loney's grand slam off Ryan Dempster changed the series' momentum. Chicago committed numerous critical errors and were outscored 20–6 in a Dodger sweep, which provided yet another sudden ending.

Question: What Chunichi Dragons start was signed to the Cubs in 2008?


Answer: Rich Harden

Question: Who was acquired from the Oakland Athletics in early July?


Answer: Geovany Soto

Question: Who was named Rookie of the Year in 2008?


Answer: Zambrano

Question: Who pitched a no-hitter against the Astros on Spetember 14th?


Answer: 2009

Context: The Ricketts family acquired a majority interest in the Cubs in 2009, ending the Tribune years. Apparently handcuffed by the Tribune's bankruptcy and the sale of the club to the Ricketts family, the Cubs' quest for a NL Central 3-peat started with notice that there would be less invested into contracts than in previous years. Chicago engaged St. Louis in a see-saw battle for first place into August 2009, but the Cardinals played to a torrid 20–6 pace that month, designating their rivals to battle in the Wild Card race, from which they were eliminated in the season's final week. The Cubs were plagued by injuries in 2009, and were only able to field their Opening Day starting lineup three times the entire season. Third baseman Aramis Ramírez injured his throwing shoulder in an early May game against the Milwaukee Brewers, sidelining him until early July and forcing journeyman players like Mike Fontenot and Aaron Miles into more prominent roles. Additionally, key players like Derrek Lee (who still managed to hit .306 with 35 HR and 111 RBI that season), Alfonso Soriano and Geovany Soto also nursed nagging injuries. The Cubs posted a winning record (83–78) for the third consecutive season, the first time the club had done so since 1972, and a new era of ownership under the Ricketts' family was approved by MLB owners in early October.

Question: When did the Ricketts family acquire a majority interest in the Cubs?


Answer: St. Louis

Question: Who did Chicago engage in a see-saw battle for first place into August 2009?


Answer: injuries

Question: What plagued the Cubs in 2009?


Answer: Starlin Castro

Context: Rookie Starlin Castro debuted in early May (2010) as the starting shortstop. However, the club played poorly in the early season, finding themselves 10 games under .500 at the end of June. In addition, long-time ace Carlos Zambrano was pulled from a game against the White Sox on June 25 after a tirade and shoving match with Derrek Lee, and was suspended indefinitely by Jim Hendry, who called the conduct "unacceptable." On August 22, Lou Piniella, who had already announced his retirement at the end of the season, announced that he would leave the Cubs prematurely to take care of his sick mother. Mike Quade took over as the interim manager for the final 37 games of the year. Despite being well out of playoff contention the Cubs went 24–13 under Quade, the best record in baseball during that 37 game stretch, earning Quade to have the interim tag removed on October 19.

Question: Who debuted as the starting shortstop in early May 2010?


Answer: early May (2010)

Question: When did Starlin Castro debut as the starting shortstop?


Answer: Lou Piniella

Question: Who announced on August 22nd they were leaving the Cubs prematurely?


Answer: take care of his sick mother

Question: Why did Lou Piniella leave the cubs prematurely?


Answer: 20

Context: Despite trading for pitcher Matt Garza and signing free-agent slugger Carlos Peña, the Cubs finished the 2011 season 20 games under .500 with a record of 71-91. Weeks after the season came to an end, the club was rejuvenated in the form of a new philosophy, as new owner Tom Ricketts signed Theo Epstein away from the Boston Red Sox, naming him club President and giving him a five-year contract worth over $18 million, and subsequently discharged manager Mike Quade. Epstein, a proponent of sabremetrics and one of the architects of two world series titles in Boston brought along Jed Hoyer to fill the role of GM and hired Dale Sveum as manager. Although the team had a dismal 2012 season, losing 101 games (the worst record since 1966) it was largely expected. The youth movement ushered in by Epstein and Hoyer began as longtime fan favorite Kerry Wood retired in May, followed by Ryan Dempster and Geovany Soto being traded to Texas at the All-Star break for a group of minor league prospects headlined by Christian Villanueva. The development of Castro, Anthony Rizzo, Darwin Barney, Brett Jackson and pitcher Jeff Samardzija as well as the replenishing of the minor-league system with prospects such as Javier Baez, Albert Almora, and Jorge Soler became the primary focus of the season, a philosophy which the new management said would carry over at least through the 2013 season.

Question: How many games under .500 did the Cubs finish the 2011 season with?


Answer: Tom Ricketts

Question: Who was the new owner of the Cubs?


Answer: Theo Epstein

Question: Who did the new owner of the Cubs sign from the Boston Red Sox?


Answer: $18 million

Question: How much was the contract given to Theo Epstein worth?


Answer: Matt Garza

Context: The 2013 season resulted in much as the same the year before. Shortly before the trade deadline, the Cubs traded Matt Garza to the Texas Rangers for Mike Olt, C. J. Edwards, Neil Ramirez, and Justin Grimm. Three days later, the Cubs sent Alfonso Soriano to the New York Yankees for minor leaguer Corey Black. The mid season fire sale led to another last place finish in the NL Central, finishing with a record of 66-96. Although there was a five-game improvement in the record from the year before, Anthony Rizzo and Starlin Castro seemed to take steps backward in their development. On September 30, 2013, Theo Epstein made the decision to fire manager Dale Sveum after just two seasons at the helm of the Cubs. The regression of several young players was thought to be the main focus point, as the front office said Dale would not be judged based on wins and losses. In two seasons as skipper, Sveum finished with a record of 127-197.

Question: Who did the Cubs trade to the Texas Rangers for Mike Olt, C.J. Edwards, Neil Ramirez, and Justin Grimm?


Answer: Alfonso Soriano

Question: Who did the Cubs send to the New York Yankees for minor leaguer Corey Black?


Answer: September 30, 2013

Question: When did Theo Epstein made the decision to fire Dale Sveum?


Answer: two seasons

Question: How many seasons did Dale Sveum spend with the Cubs before getting fired?


Answer: November 2, 2014

Context: On November 2, 2014, the Cubs announced that Joe Maddon had signed a five-year contract to be the 54th manager in team history. On December 10, 2014, Maddon announced that the team had signed free agent Jon Lester to a 6-year, $155 million contract. Many other trades and acquisitions occurred during the off season. The opening day lineup for the Cubs contained five new players including rookie right fielder Jorge Soler. Rookies Kris Bryant and Addison Russell were in the starting lineup by mid-April, and rookie Kyle Schwarber was added in mid-June. The Cubs finished the 2015 season with a record of 97–65, third best in the majors. On October 7, in the 2015 National League Wild Card Game, Jake Arrieta pitched a complete game shutout and the Cubs defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates 4–0.

Question: When did the Cubs announce that Joe Maddon had signed a five-year contract to be the 54th manager?


Answer: Jon Lester

Question: Who did the team sign on December 10, 2014 as a free agent?


Answer: $155 million

Question: How much was Jon Lester's contract worth?


Answer: 97–65

Question: What was the record the Cubs finished with during the 2015 season?


Answer: September 23, 1908

Context: On September 23, 1908, the Cubs and New York Giants were involved in a tight pennant race. The two clubs were tied in the bottom of the ninth inning at the Polo Grounds, and N.Y. had runners on first and third and two outs when Al Bridwell singled, scoring Moose McCormick from third with the Giants' apparent winning run, but the runner on first base, rookie Fred Merkle, left the field without touching second base. As fans swarmed the field, Cub infielder Johnny Evers retrieved the ball and touched second. Since there were two outs, a forceout was called at second base, ending the inning and the game. Because of the tie the Giants and Cubs ended up tied for first place. The Giants lost the ensuing one-game playoff and the Cubs went on to the World Series.

Question: When were the Cubs and New York Giants involved in a tight pennant race?


Answer: New York Giants

Question: Who were the Cubs involved with for a tight pennant race on September 23, 1908?


Answer: Fred Merkle

Question: Who was the runner on first base?


Answer: October 1, 1932

Context: On October 1, 1932, in game three of the World Series between the Cubs and the New York Yankees, Babe Ruth allegedly stepped to the plate, pointed his finger to Wrigley Field's center field bleachers and hit a long home run to center. There is speculation as to whether the "facts" surrounding the story are true or not, but nevertheless Ruth did help the Yankees secure a World Series win that year and the home run accounted for his 15th and last home run in the post season before he retired in 1935.

Question: When was game three of the World Series between the Cubs and the New York Yankees?


Answer: Babe Ruth

Question: Who allegedly hit a home run to the Center?


Answer: 1935

Question: When did Babe Ruth retire?


Answer: 1930

Context: Hack Wilson set a record of 56 home-runs and 190 runs-batted-in in 1930, breaking Lou Gehrig's MLB record of 176 RBI. (In 1999, a long-lost extra RBI mistakenly credited to Charlie Grimm had been found by Cooperstown researcher Cliff Kachline and verified by historian Jerome Holtzman, increasing the record number to 191.) As of 2014 the record still stands, with no serious threats coming since Gehrig (184) and Hank Greenberg (183) in the same era. The closest anyone has come to the mark in the last 75 years was Manny Ramirez's 165 RBI in 1999. In addition to the RBI record, Wilson 56 home-runs stood as the National League record until 1998, when Sammy Sosa and Mark McGwire hit 66 and 70, respectively. Wilson was named "Most Useful" player that year by the Baseball Writers' Association of America, as the official N.L. Most Valuable Player Award was not awarded until the next season.

Question: When did Hack Wilson set a record of 56 home-runs and 190 runs-batted-in?


Answer: Hack Wilson

Question: Who Broke Lou Gehrig's MLB record of 176 RBI?


Answer: 1999

Question: When did Manny Ramirez get his 165 RBI?


Answer: "Most Useful" player

Question: What was Wilson named by the Baseball Writer's Association of America?


Answer: April 25, 1976

Context: On April 25, 1976, at Dodger Stadium, father-and-son protestors ran into the outfield and tried to set fire to a U.S. flag. When Cubs outfielder Rick Monday noticed the flag on the ground and the man and boy fumbling with matches and lighter fluid, he dashed over and snatched the flag to thunderous applause. When he came up to bat in the next half-inning, he got a standing ovation from the crowd and the stadium titantron flashed the message, "RICK MONDAY... YOU MADE A GREAT PLAY..." Monday later said, "If you're going to burn the flag, don't do it around me. I've been to too many veterans' hospitals and seen too many broken bodies of guys who tried to protect it."

Question: When did protesters run into the outfield and try to set fire to the U.S. flag?


Answer: Dodger Stadium

Question: What stadium did protesters try to burn the U.S. flag?


Answer: Rick Monday

Question: Who grabbed the flag before protesters could light it on fire?


Answer: 1998

Context: In June, 1998 Sammy Sosa exploded into the pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record. Sosa had 13 home runs entering the month, representing less than half of Mark McGwire's total. Sosa had his first of four multi-home run games that month on June 1, and went on to break Rudy York's record with 20 home runs in the month, a record that still stands. By the end of his historic month, the outfielder's 33 home runs tied him with Ken Griffey, Jr. and left him only four behind McGwire's 37. Sosa finished with 66 and won the NL MVP Award.

Question: When did Sammy Sosa explode into pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record?


Answer: Sammy Sosa

Question: Who was in pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record?


Answer: Roger Maris

Question: Sammy Sosa was in pursuit of beating whose home run record?


Answer: the NL MVP Award

Question: What award did Sammy Sosa win?


Answer: April 23, 2008

Context: On April 23, 2008, against the Colorado Rockies, the Cubs recorded the 10,000th regular-season win in their franchise's history dating back to the beginning of the National League in 1876. The Cubs reached the milestone with an overall National League record of 10,000-9,465. Chicago was only the second club in Major League Baseball history to attain this milestone, the first having been the San Francisco Giants in mid-season 2005. The Cubs, however, hold the mark for victories for a team in a single city. The Chicago club's 77–77 record in the National Association (1871, 1874–1875) is not included in MLB record keeping. Post-season series are also not included in the totals. To honor the milestone, the Cubs flew an extra white flag displaying "10,000" in blue, along with the customary "W" flag.

Question: When did the Cubs record their 10,000 regular-season win?


Answer: Colorado Rockies

Question: Who did the Cubs record their 10,000 regular-season against?


Answer: 1876

Question: When was the beginning of the National League?


Answer: 20

Context: In only his third career start, Kerry Wood struck out 20 batters against Houston on May 6, 1998. This is the franchise record and tied for the Major League record for the most strikeouts in one game by one pitcher (the only other pitcher to strike out 20 batters in a nine-inning game was Roger Clemens, who achieved it twice). The game is often considered the most dominant pitching performance of all time. Interestingly, Wood's first pitch struck home plate umpire Jerry Meals in the facemask. Wood then struck out the first five batters he faced. Wood hit one batter, Craig Biggio, and allowed one hit, a scratch single by Ricky Gutiérrez off third baseman Kevin Orie's glove. The play was nearly scored an error, which would have given Wood a no-hitter.

Question: How many batters did Kerry Wood strike out against Houston?


Answer: May 6, 1998

Question: When did Kerry Wood strike out 20 batters against Houston?


Answer: Houston

Question: Kerry Wood struck out 20 batters against what team?


Answer: 107 seasons

Context: The Chicago Cubs have not won a World Series championship since 1908, and have not appeared in the Fall Classic since 1945, although between their postseason appearance in 1984 and their most recent in 2015, they have made the postseason seven times. 107 seasons is the longest championship drought in all four of the major North American professional sports leagues, which also includes the National Football League (NFL), the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the National Hockey League (NHL). In fact, the Cubs' last World Series title occurred before those other three leagues even existed, and even the Cubs' last World Series appearance predates the founding of the NBA. The much publicized drought was concurrent to championship droughts by the Boston Red Sox and the Chicago White Sox, who both had over 80 years between championships. It is this unfortunate distinction that has led to the club often being known as "The Lovable Losers." The team was one win away from breaking what is often called the "Curse of the Billy Goat" in 1984 and 2003 (Steve Bartman incident), but was unable get the victory that would send it to the World Series.

Question: What is the longest championship drought in all four of the major North American professional sports leagues?


Answer: The Lovable Losers

Question: The championship drought has led to the Chicago Cubs being know as what?


Answer: 1945

Question: When was the last time the Chicago Cubs appeared in the Fall Classic?


Answer: 1908

Question: When was the last time the Chicago Cubs win a World Series championship?


Answer: Glenallen Hill

Context: On May 11, 2000, Glenallen Hill, facing Brewers starter Steve Woodard, became the first, and thus far only player, to hit a pitched ball onto the roof of a five-story residential building across Waveland Ave, beyond Wrigley Field's left field wall. The shot was estimated at well over 500 feet (150 m), but the Cubs fell to Milwaukee 12–8. No batted ball has ever hit the center field scoreboard, although the original "Slammin' Sammy", golfer Sam Snead, hit it with a golf ball in an exhibition in the 1950s. In 1948, Bill Nicholson barely missed the scoreboard when he launched a home run ball onto Sheffield Avenue and in 1959, Roberto Clemente came even closer with a home run ball hit onto Waveland Avenue. In 2001, a Sammy Sosa shot landed across Waveland and bounced a block down Kenmore Avenue. Dave Kingman hit a shot in 1979 that hit the third porch roof on the east side of Kenmore, estimated at 555 feet (169 m), and is regarded as the longest home run in Wrigley Field history. On May 26, 2015, the Cubs rookie third baseman, Kris Bryant, hit a homerun that traveled an estimated 477 feet (145 m) off the park's new videoboard in left field. Later the same year, he hit a homer that traveled 495 feet (151 m) that also ricocheted off of the videoboard On October 13, 2015, Kyle Schwarber's 438-foot home run landed on the equally new right field videoboard.

Question: Who was the first and only player to hit a pitched ball onto the roof of a five-story building across Waveland Ave?


Answer: May 11, 2000

Question: When did the first and only player to hit a pitched ball onto the roof of a five-story building across Waveland Ave?


Answer: Bill Nicholson

Question: Who barely missed the scoreboard when he launched a home run ball onto Sheffield Avenue?


Answer: 2012

Context: Before signing a developmental agreement with the Kane County Cougars in 2012, the Cubs had a Class A minor league affiliation on two occasions with the Peoria Chiefs (1985–1995 and 2004–2012). Ryne Sandberg managed the Chiefs from 2006 to 2010. In the period between those associations with the Chiefs the club had affiliations with the Dayton Dragons and Lansing Lugnuts. The Lugnuts were often affectionately referred to by Chip Caray as "Steve Stone's favorite team." The 2007 developmental contract with the Tennessee Smokies was preceded by Double A affiliations with the Orlando Cubs and West Tenn Diamond Jaxx. On September 16, 2014 the Cubs announced a move of their top Class A affiliate from Daytona in the Florida State League to Myrtle Beach in the Carolina League for the 2015 season. Two days later, on the 18th, the Cubs signed a 4-year player development contract with the South Bend Silver Hawks of the Midwest League, ending their brief relationship with the Kane County Cougars and shortly thereafter renaming the Silver Hawks the South Bend Cubs.

Question: When did the Cubs sign a developmental agreement with the Kane County Cougars?


Answer: Peoria Chiefs

Question: The Cubs had a Class A minor league affiliation on two occasions with who?


Answer: September 16, 2014

Question: When did the Cubs announce a move of their top class A affiliate from Daytona to Myrtle Beach?


Answer: Chicago White Stockings

Context: The Chicago White Stockings, (today's Chicago Cubs), began spring training in Hot Springs, Arkansas in 1886. President Albert Spalding (founder of Spalding Sporting Goods) and player/manager Cap Anson brought their players to Hot Springs and played at the Hot Springs Baseball Grounds. The concept was for the players to have training and fitness before the start of the regular season. After the White Stockings had a successful season in 1886, winning the National League Pennant, other teams began bringing their players to "spring training". The Chicago Cubs, St. Louis Browns, New York Yankees, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Spiders, Detroit Tigers, Pittsburgh Pirates, Cincinnati Reds, New York Highlanders, Brooklyn Dodgers and Boston Red Sox were among the early squads to arrive. Whittington Park (1894) and later Majestic Park (1909) and Fogel Field (1912) were all built in Hot Springs specifically to host Major League teams.

Question: Who began spring training in Hot Springs, Arkansas in 1886?


Answer: Albert Spalding

Question: Who is the founder of Spalding Sporting Goods?


Answer: Hot Springs, Arkansas

Question: Whittington Park, Majestic Park, and Fogel Field were all built where?


Answer: Sloan Park

Context: The Cubs' current spring training facility is located in Sloan Park in |Mesa, Arizona, where they play in the Cactus League. The park seats 15,000, making it Major League baseball's largest spring training facility by capacity. The Cubs annually sell out most of their games both at home and on the road. Before Sloan Park opened in 2014, the team played games at HoHoKam Park - Dwight Patterson Field from 1979. "HoHoKam" is literally translated from Native American as "those who vanished." The North Siders have called Mesa their spring home for most seasons since 1952.

Question: Where is the Cubs' current spring training facility located?


Answer: 15,000

Question: How many seats are in the Cubs' Sloan Park training facility?


Answer: 2014

Question: When did Sloan Park open?


Answer: Mesa

Context: In addition to Mesa, the club has held spring training in Hot Springs, Arkansas (1886, 1896–1900), (1909–1910) New Orleans (1870, 1907, 1911–1912); Champaign, Illinois (1901–02, 1906); Los Angeles (1903–04, 1948–1949), Santa Monica, California (1905); French Lick, Indiana (1908, 1943–1945); Tampa, Florida (1913–1916); Pasadena, California (1917–1921); Santa Catalina Island, California (1922–1942, 1946–1947, 1950–1951); Rendezvous Park in Mesa (1952–1965); Blair Field in Long Beach, California (1966); and Scottsdale, Arizona (1967–1978).

Question: Where is Rendezvous Park?


Answer: Long Beach, California

Question: Where is Blair Field?


Answer: (1967–1978)

Question: Between what years did the club hold spring training in Scottsdale, Arizona?


Answer: William Wrigley Jr

Context: The curious location on Catalina Island stemmed from Cubs owner William Wrigley Jr.'s then-majority interest in the island in 1919. Wrigley constructed a ballpark on the island to house the Cubs in spring training: it was built to the same dimensions as Wrigley Field. (The ballpark is long gone, but a clubhouse built by Wrigley to house the Cubs exists as the Catalina County Club.) However, by 1951 the team chose to leave Catalina Island and spring training was shifted to Mesa, Arizona. The Cubs' 30-year association with Catalina is chronicled in the book, The Cubs on Catalina, by Jim Vitti . . . which was named International 'Book of the Year' by The Sporting News.

Question: Who had a majority interest in Cataline island in 1919?


Answer: a ballpark

Question: What did Wrigley construct on the island to house the Cubs in Spring training?


Answer: 1951

Question: When did the Cubs choose to leave Catalina Island?


Answer: the second HoHoKam Park

Context: The former location in Mesa is actually the second HoHoKam Park; the first was built in 1976 as the spring-training home of the Oakland Athletics who left the park in 1979. Apart from HoHoKam Park and Sloan Park the Cubs also have another Mesa training facility called Fitch Park, this complex provides 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) of team facilities, including major league clubhouse, four practice fields, one practice infield, enclosed batting tunnels, batting cages, a maintenance facility, and administrative offices for the Cubs.

Question: Where was the former location in Mesa?


Answer: 25,000 square feet

Question: How many square feet does Fitch Park provide?


Answer: 1976

Question: When was the spring training home of the Oakland Athletics built?


Answer: Jack Brickhouse

Context: Jack Brickhouse manned the Cubs radio and especially the TV booth for parts of five decades, the 34-season span from 1948 to 1981. He covered the games with a level of enthusiasm that often seemed unjustified by the team's poor performance on the field for many of those years. His trademark call "Hey Hey!" always followed a home run. That expression is spelled out in large letters vertically on both foul pole screens at Wrigley Field. "Whoo-boy!" and "Wheeee!" and "Oh, brother!" were among his other pet expressions. When he approached retirement age, he personally recommended his successor.

Question: Who manned the Cubs radio and TV booth for parts of five decades?


Answer: Hey Hey!

Question: What was Jack Brickhouse's trademark call?


Answer: he personally recommended his successor

Question: What did Jack Brickhouse do when he approached his retirement age?


Answer: 17-year

Context: Harry Caray's stamp on the team is perhaps even deeper than that of Brickhouse, although his 17-year tenure, from 1982 to 1997, was half as long. First, Caray had already become a well-known Chicago figure by broadcasting White Sox games for a decade, after having been a St Louis Cardinals icon for 25 years. Caray also had the benefit of being in the booth during the NL East title run in 1984, which was widely seen due to WGN's status as a cable-TV superstation. His trademark call of "Holy Cow!" and his enthusiastic singing of "Take me out to the ballgame" during the 7th inning stretch (as he had done with the White Sox) made Caray a fan favorite both locally and nationally.

Question: How long was Harry Caray's tenure with the Cubs?


Answer: by broadcasting White Sox games for a decade

Question: How did Caray become a well-known Chicago figure?


Answer: 25 years

Question: How long had Caray been a St Louis Cardinals icon?


Answer: Steve Stone

Context: Caray had lively discussions with commentator Steve Stone, who was hand-picked by Harry himself, and producer Arne Harris. Caray often playfully quarreled with Stone over Stone's cigar and why Stone was single, while Stone would counter with poking fun at Harry being "under the influence." Stone disclosed in his book "Where's Harry" that most of this "arguing" was staged, and usually a ploy developed by Harry himself to add flavor to the broadcast. The Cubs still have a "guest conductor", usually a celebrity, lead the crowd in singing "Take me out to the ballgame" during the 7th inning stretch to honor Caray's memory.

Question: Who did Harry hand-pick himself?


Answer: Stone

Question: Who did Caray often playfully quarrel with?


Answer: over Stone's cigar

Question: Why did Caray often playfully quarrel with Stone?


Answer: Take me out to the ballgame

Question: What does the crowd sing during the 7th inning to honor Caray's memory?


Answer: Tribune Company

Context: In 1981, after 6 decades under the Wrigley family, the Cubs were purchased by Tribune Company for $20,500,000. Tribune, owners of the Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times, WGN Television, WGN Radio and many other media outlets, controlled the club until December 2007, when Sam Zell completed his purchase of the entire Tribune organization and announced his intention to sell the baseball team. After a nearly two-year process which involved potential buyers such as Mark Cuban and a group led by Hank Aaron, a family trust of TD Ameritrade founder Joe Ricketts won the bidding process as the 2009 season came to a close. Ultimately, the sale was unanimously approved by MLB owners and the Ricketts family took control on October 27, 2009.

Question: What company purchased the Cubs in 1981?


Answer: $20,500,000

Question: How much did Tribune Company purchase the Cubs for?


Answer: 6 decades

Question: How long were the Cubs ran under the Wrigley family?


Answer: "Tinker to Evers to Chance"

Context: "Baseball's Sad Lexicon," also known as "Tinker to Evers to Chance" after its refrain, is a 1910 baseball poem by Franklin Pierce Adams. The poem is presented as a single, rueful stanza from the point of view of a New York Giants fan seeing the talented Chicago Cubs infield of shortstop Joe Tinker, second baseman Johnny Evers, and first baseman Frank Chance complete a double play. The trio began playing together with the Cubs in 1902, and formed a double play combination that lasted through April 1912. The Cubs won the pennant four times between 1906 and 1910, often defeating the Giants en route to the World Series.

Question: What was "Baseball's Sad Lexicon" also known as?


Answer: Franklin Pierce Adams

Question: Who wrote "Baseball's Sad Lexicon"?


Answer: "Baseball's Sad Lexicon,

Question: What poem did Franklin Pierce Adams write?


Answer: a young bear cub

Context: The official Cubs team mascot is a young bear cub, named Clark, described by the team's press release as a young and friendly Cub. Clark made his debut at Advocate Health Care on January 13, 2014, the same day as the press release announcing his installation as the club's first ever official physical mascot. The bear cub itself was used in the clubs since the early 1900s and was the inspiration of the Chicago Staleys changing their team's name to the Chicago Bears, due to the Cubs allowing the football team to play at Wrigley Field in the 1930s.

Question: What is the official Cubs team mascot?


Answer: Clark

Question: What is the official Cubs team mascot's name?


Answer: January 13, 2014

Question: When did Clark make his debut?


Answer: 'polar bear' looking outfit

Context: The Cubs had no official physical mascot prior to Clark, though a man in a 'polar bear' looking outfit, called "The Bear-man" (or Beeman), which was mildly popular with the fans, paraded the stands briefly in the early 1990s. There is no record of whether or not he was just a fan in a costume or employed by the club. Through the 2013 season, there were "Cubbie-bear" mascots outside of Wrigley on game day, but none are employed by the team. They pose for pictures with fans for tips. The most notable of these was "Billy Cub" who worked outside of the stadium until for over 6 years until July 2013, when the club asked him to stop. Billy Cub, who is played by fan John Paul Weier, had unsuccessfully petitioned the team to become the official mascot.

Question: What did "The Bear-man" wear as an outfit?


Answer: 2013 season

Question: During what season were "cubbie-bear" mascots outside of Wrigley on game day?


Answer: John Paul Weier

Question: Who played Billy Cub?


Answer: Ronnie "Woo Woo" Wickers

Context: Another unofficial but much more well-known mascot is Ronnie "Woo Woo" Wickers who is a longtime fan and local celebrity in the Chicago area. He is known to Wrigley Field visitors for his idiosyncratic cheers at baseball games, generally punctuated with an exclamatory "Woo!" (e.g., "Cubs, woo! Cubs, woo! Big-Z, woo! Zambrano, woo! Cubs, woo!") Longtime Cubs announcer Harry Caray dubbed Wickers "Leather Lungs" for his ability to shout for hours at a time. He is not employed by the team, although the club has on two separate occasions allowed him into the broadcast booth and allow him some degree of freedom once he purchases or is given a ticket by fans to get into the games. He is largely allowed to roam the park and interact with fans by Wrigley Field security.

Question: What is another unofficial well-known mascot?


Answer: idiosyncratic cheers at baseball games

Question: What is Ronnie known for to Wrigley Field visitors?


Answer: "Leather Lungs

Question: What did Harry Caray dub Wickers?


Answer: Chicago's Lake View neighborhood

Context: Located in Chicago's Lake View neighborhood, Wrigley Field sits on an irregular block bounded by Clark and Addison Streets and Waveland and Sheffield Avenues. The area surrounding the ballpark is typically referred to as Wrigleyville. There is a dense collection of sports bars and restaurants in the area, most with baseball inspired themes, including Sluggers, Murphy's Bleachers and The Cubby Bear. Many of the apartment buildings surrounding Wrigley Field on Waveland and Sheffield Avenues have built bleachers on their rooftops for fans to view games and other sell space for advertisement. One building on Sheffield Avenue has a sign atop its roof which says "Eamus Catuli!" which is Latin for "Let's Go Cubs!" and another chronicles the time since the last Division title, pennant, and World Series championship. The 02 denotes two years since the 2008 NL Central title, 65 years since the 1945 pennant and 102 years since the 1908 World Series championship. On game days, many residents rent out their yards and driveways to people looking for parking spots. The uniqueness of the neighborhood itself has ingrained itself into the culture of the Chicago Cubs as well as the Wrigleyville neighborhood, and has led to being used for concerts and other sporting events, such as the 2010 NHL Winter Classic between the Chicago Blackhawks and Detroit Red Wings, as well as a 2010 NCAA men's football game between the Northwestern Wildcats and Illinois Fighting Illini.

Question: Where is Wrigley Field located?


Answer: Wrigleyville

Question: What is the area surrounding the ballpark typically referred to?


Answer: bleachers

Question: What have many apartment buildings surrounding Wrigley Field built on their rooftops?


Answer: 2013

Context: In 2013, Tom Ricketts and team president Crane Kenney unveiled plans for a five-year, $575 million privately funded renovation of Wrigley Field. Called the 1060 Project, the proposed plans included vast improvements to the stadium's facade, infrastructure, restrooms, concourses, suites, press box, bullpens, and clubhouses, as well as a 6,000-square foot jumbotron to be added in the left field bleachers, batting tunnels, a 3,000-square-foot video board in right field, and, eventually, an adjacent hotel, plaza, and office-retail complex. In previously years mostly all efforts to conduct any large-scale renovations to the field had been opposed by the city, former mayor Richard M. Daley (a staunch White Sox fan), and especially the rooftop owners.

Question: When did Tom Ricketts and Crane Kenney unveil plans for a five-year funded renovation of Wrigley Field?


Answer: $575 million

Question: How much money has been funded to the renovation of Wrigley Field?


Answer: 6,000-square foot

Question: How big is the jumbotron going to be?


Answer: Bleacher Bums

Context: The "Bleacher Bums" is a name given to fans, many of whom spend much of the day heckling, who sit in the bleacher section at Wrigley Field. Initially, the group was called "bums" because it referred to a group of fans who were at most games, and since those games were all day games, it was assumed they did not work. Many of those fans were, and are still, students at Chicago area colleges, such as DePaul University, Loyola, Northwestern University, and Illinois-Chicago. A Broadway play, starring Joe Mantegna, Dennis Farina, Dennis Franz, and James Belushi ran for years and was based on a group of Cub fans who frequented the club's games. The group was started in 1967 by dedicated fans Ron Grousl, Tom Nall and "mad bugler" Mike Murphy, who was a sports radio host during mid days on Chicago-based WSCR AM 670 "The Score". Murphy alleges that Grousl started the Wrigley tradition of throwing back opposing teams' home run balls. The current group is headed by Derek Schaul (Derek the Five Dollar Kid). Prior to the 2006 season, they were updated, with new shops and private bar (The Batter's Eye) being added, and Bud Light bought naming rights to the bleacher section, dubbing them the Bud Light Bleachers. Bleachers at Wrigley are general admission, except during the playoffs. The bleachers have been referred to as the "World's Largest Beer Garden." A popular T-shirt (sold inside the park and licensed by the club) which says "Wrigley Bleachers" on the front and the phrase "Shut Up and Drink Your Beer" on the reverse fuels this stereotype.

Question: What nickname has been given to the fans who sit in the bleacher section at Wrigley Field?


Answer: Derek Schaul

Question: Who heads the current group?


Answer: the Bud Light Bleachers

Question: What did Bud Light dub the bleacher section?