Answer: Conquest of Mexico

Context: Having been capital of a vast pre-Hispanic empire, and also the capital of richest viceroyalty within the Spanish Empire (ruling over a vast territory in the Americas and Spanish West Indies), and, finally, the capital of the United Mexican States, Mexico City has a rich history of artistic expression. Since the mesoamerican pre-Classical period the inhabitants of the settlements around Lake Texcoco produced many works of art and complex craftsmanship, some of which are today displayed at the world-renowned National Museum of Anthropology and the Templo Mayor museum. While many pieces of pottery and stone-engraving have survived, the great majority of the Amerindian iconography was destroyed during the Conquest of Mexico.

Question: When did Mexico City lost most of its artifacts?


Answer: pre-Classical period

Question: When did the complex art of Mexico City begin?


Answer: National Museum of Anthropology and the Templo Mayor museum

Question: What holds most of the old art of the Mexico city region?


Answer: pottery and stone-engraving

Question: What are the main artifacts that have survived?


Answer: codices

Context: Much of the early colonial art stemmed from the codices (Aztec illustrated books), aiming to recover and preserve some Aztec and other Amerindian iconography and history. From then, artistic expressions in Mexico were mostly religious in theme. The Metropolitan Cathedral still displays works by Juan de Rojas, Juan Correa and an oil painting whose authorship has been attributed to Murillo. Secular works of art of this period include the equestrian sculpture of Charles IV of Spain, locally known as El Caballito ("The little horse"). This piece, in bronze, was the work of Manuel Tolsá and it has been placed at the Plaza Tolsá, in front of the Palacio de Minería (Mining Palace). Directly in front of this building is the beautiful Museo Nacional de Arte (Munal) (the National Museum of Art).

Question: What comprised most of the early art of Mexico City?


Answer: religious

Question: Most of the art since the Aztecs took what style?


Answer: Juan de Rojas

Question: Whose art is displayed at the large cathedral in Mexico City?


Answer: equestrian sculpture of Charles IV of Spain

Question: "The Little Horse" is also known as what?


Answer: Manuel Tolsá

Question: Who created "The Little Horse?"


Answer: Academia de San Carlos

Context: During the 19th century, an important producer of art was the Academia de San Carlos (San Carlos Art Academy), founded during colonial times, and which later became the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas (the National School of Arts) including painting, sculpture and graphic design, one of UNAM's art schools. Many of the works produced by the students and faculty of that time are now displayed in the Museo Nacional de San Carlos (National Museum of San Carlos). One of the students, José María Velasco, is considered one of the greatest Mexican landscape painters of the 19th century. Porfirio Díaz's regime sponsored arts, especially those that followed the French school. Popular arts in the form of cartoons and illustrations flourished, e.g. those of José Guadalupe Posada and Manuel Manilla. The permanent collection of the San Carlos Museum also includes paintings by European masters such as Rembrandt, Velázquez, Murillo, and Rubens.

Question: What is the large art school in Mexico City?


Answer: Museo Nacional de San Carlos

Question: Where does most of the artwork produced as the Academia de San Carlos get featured?


Answer: José María Velasco

Question: Who is one of the most famous people to graduate from the large art school of Mexico City?


Answer: Rembrandt, Velázquez, Murillo, and Rubens

Question: The San Carlos Museum has art from who, among others?


Answer: José Luis Cuevas

Context: During the 20th century, many artists immigrated to Mexico City from different regions of Mexico, such as Leopoldo Méndez, an engraver from Veracruz, who supported the creation of the socialist Taller de la Gráfica Popular (Popular Graphics Workshop), designed to help blue-collar workers find a venue to express their art. Other painters came from abroad, such as Catalan painter Remedios Varo and other Spanish and Jewish exiles. It was in the second half of the 20th century that the artistic movement began to drift apart from the Revolutionary theme. José Luis Cuevas opted for a modernist style in contrast to the muralist movement associated with social politics.

Question: Who was a big proponent of modernism in art?


Answer: 20th century

Question: When did artists start to immigrate to Mexico City?


Answer: Leopoldo Méndez

Question: Who was a famous engraver that migrated to Mexico City?


Answer: help blue-collar workers find a venue to express their art

Question: What was the Popular Graphics Workshop mission?


Answer: Catalan

Question: What nationality was Remedios Varas?


Answer: mid-1980s

Context: Mexico City has numerous museums dedicated to art, including Mexican colonial, modern and contemporary art, and international art. The Museo Tamayo was opened in the mid-1980s to house the collection of international contemporary art donated by famed Mexican (born in the state of Oaxaca) painter Rufino Tamayo. The collection includes pieces by Picasso, Klee, Kandinsky, Warhol and many others, though most of the collection is stored while visiting exhibits are shown. The Museo de Arte Moderno (Museum of Modern Art) is a repository of Mexican artists from the 20th century, including Rivera, Orozco, Siqueiros, Kahlo, Gerzso, Carrington, Tamayo, among others, and also regularly hosts temporary exhibits of international modern art. In southern Mexico City, the Museo Carrillo Gil (Carrillo Gil Museum) showcases avant-garde artists, as does the University Museum/Contemporary Art (Museo Universitario Arte Contemporáneo – or MUAC), designed by famed Mexican architect Teodoro González de León, inaugurated in late 2008.

Question: When was the Museo Tamayo opened?


Answer: Rufino Tamayo

Question: Who's art collection was the reason the Museo Tamayo opened?


Answer: Oaxaca

Question: Where was Rufino Tamayo born?


Answer: avant-garde

Question: What type of art is shown in The Museo Carrillo Gil?


Answer: University Museum/Contemporary Art

Question: What famous art building was opened in late 2008?


Answer: the wife of Mexican magnate Carlos Slim

Context: The Museo Soumaya, named after the wife of Mexican magnate Carlos Slim, has the largest private collection of original Rodin sculptures outside Paris. It also has a large collection of Dalí sculptures, and recently began showing pieces in its masters collection including El Greco, Velázquez, Picasso and Canaletto. The museum inaugurated a new futuristic-design facility in 2011 just north of Polanco, while maintaining a smaller facility in Plaza Loreto in southern Mexico City. The Colección Júmex is a contemporary art museum located on the sprawling grounds of the Jumex juice company in the northern industrial suburb of Ecatepec. It is said to have the largest private contemporary art collection in Latin America and hosts pieces from its permanent collection as well as traveling exhibits by leading contemporary artists. The new Museo Júmex in Nuevo Polanco was slated to open in November 2013. The Museo de San Ildefonso, housed in the Antiguo Colegio de San Ildefonso in Mexico City's historic downtown district is a 17th-century colonnaded palace housing an art museum that regularly hosts world-class exhibits of Mexican and international art. Recent exhibits have included those on David LaChapelle, Antony Gormley and Ron Mueck. The National Museum of Art (Museo Nacional de Arte) is also located in a former palace in the historic center. It houses a large collection of pieces by all major Mexican artists of the last 400 years and also hosts visiting exhibits.

Question: Who is the Museo Soumaya named after?


Answer: Dalí

Question: What other famous sculpture has had his art displayed at the Museo Soumaya?


Answer: 400

Question: How many years worth of art does the Museum in the historic center hold?


Answer: Paris

Question: What city houses the only collection of Rodin sculptures that is larger than the one in Mexico City?


Answer: 2011

Question: When did the new design of the museum open?


Answer: 2011

Context: Another major addition to the city's museum scene is the Museum of Remembrance and Tolerance (Museo de la Memoria y Tolerancia), inaugurated in early 2011. The brainchild of two young Mexican women as a Holocaust museum, the idea morphed into a unique museum dedicated to showcasing all major historical events of discrimination and genocide. Permanent exhibits include those on the Holocaust and other large-scale atrocities. It also houses temporary exhibits; one on Tibet was inaugurated by the Dalai Lama in September 2011.

Question: When did the Museum of Remembrance and Tolerance open?


Answer: Holocaust

Question: What main event inspired the Museum of Remembrance and Tolerance?


Answer: September 2011

Question: The exhibit inaugurated by the Dalai Lama opened when?


Answer: discrimination and genocide

Question: What is the main subject of the Museum of Remembrance and Tolerance?


Answer: Sala Ollin Yoliztli

Context: Mexico City is home to a number of orchestras offering season programs. These include the Mexico City Philharmonic, which performs at the Sala Ollin Yoliztli; the National Symphony Orchestra, whose home base is the Palacio de Bellas Artes (Palace of the Fine Arts), a masterpiece of art nouveau and art decó styles; the Philharmonic Orchestra of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (OFUNAM), and the Minería Symphony Orchestra, both of which perform at the Sala Nezahualcóyotl, which was the first wrap-around concert hall in the Western Hemisphere when inaugurated in 1976. There are also many smaller ensembles that enrich the city's musical scene, including the Carlos Chávez Youth Symphony, the New World Orchestra (Orquesta del Nuevo Mundo), the National Polytechnical Symphony and the Bellas Artes Chamber Orchestra (Orquesta de Cámara de Bellas Artes).

Question: Where does the Mexico City Philharmonic perform?


Answer: 1976

Question: When was the first wrap-around concert hall in the Western Hemisphere opened?


Answer: National Symphony Orchestra

Question: What is the name of one of the main orchestras of Mexico City?


Answer: National Symphony Orchestra

Question: The Palace of Fine Arts hosts what main symphony?


Answer: Philharmonic Orchestra of the National Autonomous University of Mexico

Question: What does OFUNAM stand for?


Answer: 10,000

Context: The city is also a leading center of popular culture and music. There are a multitude of venues hosting Spanish and foreign-language performers. These include the 10,000-seat National Auditorium that regularly schedules the Spanish and English-language pop and rock artists, as well as many of the world's leading performing arts ensembles, the auditorium also broadcasts Grand Opera performances from New York's Metropolitan Opera on giant, high definition screens. In 2007 National Auditorium was selected world's best venue by multiple genre media.

Question: How many people does the National Auditorium hold?


Answer: Spanish and English

Question: What main languages are supported by shows at the National Auditorium?


Answer: 2007

Question: What year was the National Auditorium voted best in the world?


Answer: giant, high definition screens

Question: How can you see the Grand Opera of New York in Mexico City?


Answer: 3,000

Context: Other popular sites for pop-artist performances include the 3,000-seat Teatro Metropolitan, the 15,000-seat Palacio de los Deportes, and the larger 50,000-seat Foro Sol Stadium, where popular international artists perform on a regular basis. The Cirque du Soleil has held several seasons at the Carpa Santa Fe, in the Santa Fe district in the western part of the city. There are numerous venues for smaller musical ensembles and solo performers. These include the Hard Rock Live, Bataclán, Foro Scotiabank, Lunario, Circo Volador and Voilá Acoustique. Recent additions include the 20,000-seat Arena Ciudad de México, the 3,000-seat Pepsi Center World Trade Center, and the 2,500-seat Auditorio Blackberry.

Question: How many sets are in the Teatro Metropolitan?


Answer: 50,000

Question: The Foro Sol Stadium hols how many people?


Answer: Carpa Santa Fe

Question: Where does Cirque du Soleil go in Mexico City?


Answer: 3,000

Question: The Pepsi Center World Trade Center holds how many people?


Answer: UNAM's main campus

Context: The Centro Nacional de las Artes (National Center for the Arts has several venues for music, theatre, dance. UNAM's main campus, also in the southern part of the city, is home to the Centro Cultural Universitario (the University Culture Center) (CCU). The CCU also houses the National Library, the interactive Universum, Museo de las Ciencias, the Sala Nezahualcóyotl concert hall, several theatres and cinemas, and the new University Museum of Contemporary Art (MUAC). A branch of the National University's CCU cultural center was inaugurated in 2007 in the facilities of the former Ministry of Foreign Affairs, known as Tlatelolco, in north-central Mexico City.

Question: Where is the Centro Cultural Universitario?


Answer: National Library

Question: The CCU holds, in addition to a music theater, what?


Answer: 2007

Question: The former Ministry of Foreign Affairs had a cultural center opened in what year?


Answer: Tlatelolco

Question: What is the name of the CCU center opened in 2007?


Answer: north-central Mexico City

Question: Where is Tlatelolco located?


Answer: world's largest dome screen

Context: The Papalote children's museum, which houses the world's largest dome screen, is located in the wooded park of Chapultepec, near the Museo Tecnológico, and La Feria amusement park. The theme park Six Flags México (the largest amusement park in Latin America) is located in the Ajusco neighborhood, in Tlalpan borough, southern Mexico City. During the winter, the main square of the Zócalo is transformed into a gigantic ice skating rink, which is said to be the largest in the world behind that of Moscow's Red Square.

Question: What makes the Papalote children's museum so famous?


Answer: wooded park of Chapultepec

Question: Where is the Papalote Children's Museum located?


Answer: Six Flags México

Question: What is the largest amusement park in Latin America?


Answer: Tlalpan

Question: What borough is Six Flags Mexico located?


Answer: Moscow

Question: What city has the largest outdoor ice skating rink in the world?


Answer: near the Coyoacán suburb

Context: The Cineteca Nacional (the Mexican Film Library), near the Coyoacán suburb, shows a variety of films, and stages many film festivals, including the annual International Showcase, and many smaller ones ranging from Scandinavian and Uruguayan cinema, to Jewish and LGBT-themed films. Cinépolis and Cinemex, the two biggest film business chains, also have several film festivals throughout the year, with both national and international movies. Mexico City tops the world in number of IMAX theatres,[citation needed] providing residents and visitors access to films ranging from documentaries to popular blockbusters on these especially large, dramatic screens.

Question: Where is the Mexican Film Library located?


Answer: International Showcase

Question: What large movie festival is hosted at the Mexican Film Library?


Answer: Cinépolis and Cinemex

Question: What are the two large movie companies in Mexico?


Answer: IMAX

Question: What type of theaters does Mexico City have the most of compared to other cities?


Answer: 31

Context: Mexico City offers a variety of cuisines. Restaurants specializing in the regional cuisines of Mexico's 31 states are available in the city. Also available are an array of international cuisines, including Canadian, French, Italian, Croatian, Spanish (including many regional variations), Jewish, Lebanese, Chinese (again with regional variations), Indian, Japanese, Korean, Thai, Vietnamese; and of course fellow Latin American cuisines such as Argentine, Brazilian, and Peruvian. Haute, fusion, kosher, vegetarian and vegan cuisines are also available, as are restaurants solely based on the concepts of local food and slow Food.

Question: How many states does Mexico have?


Answer: Canadian, French, Italian,

Question: What are some international cuisines offered in Mexico City?


Answer: kosher, vegetarian and vegan

Question: What other specific types of food does the city offer?


Answer: Plácido Domingo

Context: The city also has several branches of renowned international restaurants and chefs. These include Paris' Au Pied de Cochon and Brasserie Lipp, Philippe (by Philippe Chow); Nobu, Morimoto; Pámpano, owned by Mexican-raised opera legend Plácido Domingo. There are branches of the exclusive Japanese restaurant Suntory, Rome's famed Alfredo, as well as New York steakhouses Morton's and The Palm, and Monte Carlo's BeefBar. Three of the most famous Lima-based Haute Peruvian restaurants, La Mar, Segundo Muelle and Astrid y Gastón have locations in Mexico City.

Question: What opera legend also has a famous restaurant in Mexico City?


Answer: Alfredo

Question: What famous Italian Restaurant also has a branch in Mexico City?


Answer: La Mar

Question: What is one of the famous Lima-based restaurants in Mexico City?


Answer: Suntory

Question: What Japanese restaurant also has a branch in Mexico City?


Answer: Azteca Stadium

Context: Association football is the country's most popular and most televised franchised sport. Its important venues in Mexico City include the Azteca Stadium, home to the Mexico national football team and giants América, which can seat 91,653 fans, making it the biggest stadium in Latin America. The Olympic Stadium in Ciudad Universitaria is home to the football club giants Universidad Nacional, with a seating capacity of over 52,000. The Estadio Azul, which seats 33,042 fans, is near the World Trade Center Mexico City in the Nochebuena neighborhood, and is home to the giants Cruz Azul. The three teams are based in Mexico City and play in the First Division; they are also part, with Guadalajara-based giants Club Deportivo Guadalajara, of Mexico's traditional "Big Four" (though recent years have tended to erode the teams' leading status at least in standings). The country hosted the FIFA World Cup in 1970 and 1986, and Azteca Stadium is the first stadium in World Cup history to host the final twice.

Question: What famous soccer stadium is in Mexico City?


Answer: 91,653

Question: How many fans does Azteca Stadium hold?


Answer: Azteca Stadium

Question: What is the largest stadium in Latin America?


Answer: 1986

Question: What year did Mexico most recently host the World Cup?


Answer: First

Question: What division are the Mexico City soccer teams in?


Answer: 1968

Context: Mexico City remains the only Latin American city to host the Olympic Games, having held the Summer Olympics in 1968, winning bids against Buenos Aires, Lyon and Detroit. (This too will change thanks to Rio, 2016 Summer Games host). The city hosted the 1955 and 1975 Pan American Games, the last after Santiago and São Paulo withdrew. The ICF Flatwater Racing World Championships were hosted here in 1974 and 1994. Lucha libre is a Mexican style of wrestling, and is one of the more popular sports throughout the country. The main venues in the city are Arena México and Arena Coliseo.

Question: What year did Mexico City host the olympics?


Answer: Detroit

Question: Which American city did Mexico City defeat to host the 1968 olympics?


Answer: 1955

Question: What year did Mexico City first host the Pan America games?


Answer: Lucha libre

Question: What famous form of wrestling is native to Mexico?


Answer: Arena México and Arena Coliseo

Question: What are the main arenas for Lucha Libre?


Answer: The National Autonomous University of Mexico

Context: The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, is the largest university on the continent, with more than 300,000 students from all backgrounds. Three Nobel laureates, several Mexican entrepreneurs and most of Mexico's modern-day presidents are among its former students. UNAM conducts 50% of Mexico's scientific research and has presence all across the country with satellite campuses, observatories and research centres. UNAM ranked 74th in the Top 200 World University Ranking published by Times Higher Education (then called Times Higher Education Supplement) in 2006, making it the highest ranked Spanish-speaking university in the world. The sprawling main campus of the university, known as Ciudad Universitaria, was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007.

Question: What university is the largest of the continent?


Answer: 300,000

Question: How many students attend UNAM?


Answer: 50

Question: What percent of scientific research is done at UNAM?


Answer: 74th

Question: What worldwide ranking does UNAM hold?


Answer: Ciudad Universitaria

Question: What is the main campus of UNAM called?


Answer: National Polytechnic Institute

Context: The second largest higher-education institution is the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), which includes among many other relevant centers the Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), where varied high-level scientific and technological research is done. Other major higher-education institutions in the city include the Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), the National School of Anthropology and History (ENAH), the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM), the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (3 campuses), the Universidad Panamericana (UP), the Universidad La Salle, the Universidad del Valle de Mexico (UVM), the Universidad Anáhuac, Simon Bolivar University (USB), the Alliant International University, the Universidad Iberoamericana, El Colegio de México (Colmex), Escuela Libre de Derecho and the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económica, (CIDE). In addition, the prestigious University of California maintains a campus known as "Casa de California" in the city. The Universidad Tecnológica de México is also in Mexico City.

Question: What is the second biggest education center in Mexico City?


Answer: University of California

Question: What American University has a big campus in Mexico City?


Answer: Casa de California

Question: What does the University of California call its campus in Mexico City?


Answer: Mexico City

Question: Where is the Universidad Tecnologica located?


Answer: Secretary of Public Education

Context: Unlike those of Mexican states' schools, curricula of Mexico City's public schools is managed by the federal Secretary of Public Education. The whole funding is allocated by the government of Mexico City (in some specific cases, such as El Colegio de México, funding comes from both the city's government and other public and private national and international entities).[citation needed] The city's public high school system is the Instituto de Educación Media Superior del Distrito Federal (IEMS-DF).

Question: Who is in charge of the education in Mexico City?


Answer: Instituto de Educación Media Superior del Distrito Federal

Question: What is the public high school system called in Mexico City?


Answer: government of Mexico City

Question: Who allocates the funding of the school systems?


Answer: Miguel Alemán Valdés

Context: A special case is that of El Colegio Nacional, created during the district's governmental period of Miguel Alemán Valdés to have, in Mexico, an institution similar to the College of France. The select and privileged group of Mexican scientists and artists belonging to this institution—membership is for life—include, among many, Mario Lavista, Ruy Pérez Tamayo, José Emilio Pacheco, Marcos Moshinsky (d.2009), Guillermo Soberón Acevedo. Members are obligated to publicly disclose their works through conferences and public events such as concerts and recitals.

Question: Who created El Colegio Nacional?


Answer: El Colegio Nacional

Question: Where do the superior artists and scientists of Mexico City have the option to attend?


Answer: publicly disclose their works through conferences and public events

Question: What must members of El Colegio Nacional do?


Answer: College of France

Question: What is El Colegio Nacional modeled after?


Answer: Dozens

Context: Mexico City is Latin America's leading center for the television, music and film industries. It is also Mexico's most important for the printed media and book publishing industries. Dozens of daily newspapers are published, including El Universal, Excélsior, Reforma and La Jornada. Other major papers include Milenio, Crónica, El Economista and El Financiero. Leading magazines include Expansión, Proceso, Poder, as well as dozens of entertainment publications such as Vanidades, Quién, Chilango, TV Notas, and local editions of Vogue, GQ, and Architectural Digest.

Question: How many newspaper call Mexico City home?


Answer: El Universal

Question: What is one of the main papers of Mexico City?


Answer: Vogue, GQ, and Architectural Digest

Question: What American magazines have a footprint in Mexico City?


Answer: dozens

Question: How many entertainment magazines are published in Mexico City?


Answer: tianguis

Context: Mexico City offers an immense and varied consumer retail market, ranging from basic foods to ultra high-end luxury goods. Consumers may buy in fixed indoor markets, mobile markets (tianguis), from street vendors, from downtown shops in a street dedicated to a certain type of good, in convenience stores and traditional neighborhood stores, in modern supermarkets, in warehouse and membership stores and the shopping centers that they anchor, in department stores, big-box stores and in modern shopping malls.

Question: What are mobile markets in Mexico City called?


Answer: immense and varied

Question: How is the retail market of Mexico City?


Answer: in a street dedicated to a certain type of good

Question: What is a common way stores are distributed in Mexico City?


Answer: basic foods to ultra high-end luxury goods

Question: What is the spectrum of gods you can get in Mexico City?


Answer: mercado

Context: A staple for consumers in the city is the omnipresent "mercado". Every major neighborhood in the city has its own borough-regulated market, often more than one. These are large well-established facilities offering most basic products, such as fresh produce and meat/poultry, dry goods, tortillerías, and many other services such as locksmiths, herbal medicine, hardware goods, sewing implements; and a multitude of stands offering freshly made, home-style cooking and drinks in the tradition of aguas frescas and atole.

Question: What are the markets called that are located and run by the boroughs?


Answer: aguas frescas and atole

Question: What are some of the traditional drinks of Mexico City?


Answer: mercado

Question: What is the centerpiece of Mexico City's markets


Answer: omnipresent

Question: The author uses which adjective to describe the mercados?


Answer: plazas comerciales

Context: Street vendors play their trade from stalls in the tianguis as well as at non-officially controlled concentrations around metro stations and hospitals; at plazas comerciales, where vendors of a certain "theme" (e.g. stationery) are housed; originally these were organized to accommodate vendors formerly selling on the street; or simply from improvised stalls on a city sidewalk. In addition, food and goods are sold from people walking with baskets, pushing carts, from bicycles or the backs of trucks, or simply from a tarp or cloth laid on the ground.

Question: Similar tianguis might set up shop where?


Answer: tarp or cloth laid on the ground

Question: What is the most basic way a street vendor might sell their goods?


Answer: non-officially controlled concentrations around metro stations and hospitals

Question: Street vendors might sell their goods in official places as well as where?


Answer: Chapultepec Park in the Miguel Hidalgo

Context: Mexico City has three zoos. Chapultepec Zoo, the San Juan de Aragon Zoo and Los Coyotes Zoo. Chapultepec Zoo is located in the first section of Chapultepec Park in the Miguel Hidalgo. It was opened in 1924. Visitors can see about 243 specimens of different species including kangaroos, giant panda, gorillas, caracal, hyena, hippos, jaguar, giraffe, lemur, lion, among others. Zoo San Juan de Aragon is near the San Juan de Aragon Park in the Gustavo A. Madero. In this zoo, opened in 1964, there are species that are in danger of extinction such as the jaguar and the Mexican wolf. Other guests are the golden eagle, pronghorn, bighorn sheep, caracara, zebras, African elephant, macaw, hippo, among others. Zoo Los Coyotes is a 27.68-acre (11.2 ha) zoo located south of Mexico City in the Coyoacan. It was inaugurated on February 2, 1999. It has more than 301 specimens of 51 species of wild native or endemic fauna from the Mexico City. You can admire eagles, ajolotes, coyotes, macaws, bobcats, Mexican wolves, raccoons, mountain lions, teporingos, foxes, white-tailed deer.

Question: Where is the Chapultepec Zoo located?


Answer: 1924

Question: When was the Chapultepec Zoo opened?


Answer: species that are in danger of extinction

Question: What sets the Zoo San Juan de Aragon apart from the others?


Answer: 27.68-acre (11.2 ha)

Question: How big is the Zoo Los Coyotes?


Answer: more than 301 specimens

Question: How many animals inhabit Zoo Los Coyotes?


Answer: Andrés López Obrador

Context: During Andrés López Obrador's administration a political slogan was introduced: la Ciudad de la Esperanza ("The City of Hope"). This motto was quickly adopted as a city nickname, but has faded since the new motto Capital en Movimiento ("Capital in Movement") was adopted by the administration headed by Marcelo Ebrard, though the latter is not treated as often as a nickname in media. Since 2013, to refer to the City particularly in relation to government campaigns, the abbreviation CDMX has been used (from Ciudad de México).

Question: Who termed the slogan "la Ciudad de la Esperanza?"


Answer: Capital en Movimiento

Question: What is the nickname of the city that the government is trying to push now?


Answer: CDMX

Question: How is the city commonly abbreviated?


Answer: 2013

Question: When did the abbreviation CDMX begin to take hold?


Answer: Marcelo Ebrard

Question: Who more recently tried to change the nickname of Mexico city?


Answer: chilangos

Context: The city is colloquially known as Chilangolandia after the locals' nickname chilangos. Chilango is used pejoratively by people living outside Mexico City to "connote a loud, arrogant, ill-mannered, loutish person". For their part those living in Mexico City designate insultingly those who live elsewhere as living in la provincia ("the provinces", the periphery) and many proudly embrace the term chilango. Residents of Mexico City are more recently called defeños (deriving from the postal abbreviation of the Federal District in Spanish: D.F., which is read "De-Efe"). They are formally called capitalinos (in reference to the city being the capital of the country), but "[p]erhaps because capitalino is the more polite, specific, and correct word, it is almost never utilized".

Question: What are locals of Mexico City called?


Answer: Chilangolandia

Question: What do Mexicans call Mexico City?


Answer: proudly

Question: How do Mexicans take being called "chilangos?"


Answer: defeños

Question: What nickname are residents of Mexico given that more reflects the Spanish influence of the city?


Answer: capitalinos

Question: What is the "official" term to denote a citizen of Mexico City?


Answer: average of 478 crimes were reported each day

Context: Between 2000 and 2004 an average of 478 crimes were reported each day in Mexico City; however, the actual crime rate is thought to be much higher "since most people are reluctant to report crime". Under policies enacted by Mayor Marcelo Ebrard between 2009 and 2011, Mexico City underwent a major security upgrade with violent and petty crime rates both falling significantly despite the rise in violent crime in other parts of the country. Some of the policies enacted included the installation of 11,000 security cameras around the city and a very large expansion of the police force. Mexico City has one of the world's highest police officer-to-resident ratios, with one uniformed officer per 100 citizens.

Question: How many crimes occurred around the turn of the latest century?


Answer: most people are reluctant to report crime

Question: Why might more than 500 crimes have occurred each day at the turn of the century instead of the officially reported number?


Answer: Marcelo Ebrard

Question: What Mexican mayor tried to crack down on crime immensely?


Answer: installation of 11,000 security cameras

Question: What is one way the city tried to combat crime?


Answer: one uniformed officer per 100 citizens

Question: What is the ratio of cops to citizens in Mexico City?


Answer: 100 million

Context: Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.).

Question: Approximately how many of the world population speak German as a native language?


Answer: 80 million

Question: Of the population that speaks German as a native language how many of them consider themselves to be German?


Answer: 80 million

Question: How many of the worlds population claim German ancestors?


Answer: between 100 and more than 150 million

Question: what is the total number of Germans both native speaking and heredity in the world?


Answer: mainly in the South Region of the country

Question: Where in Brazil is most of the German descendants located?


Answer: 100 million

Question: How many native German speakers in the world are there?


Answer: 80 million

Question: How many native German speakers consider themselves German?


Answer: 100 and more than 150 million

Question: How many people in the world claim to be from German ancestry?


Answer: Julius Caesar

Context: Conflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.

Question: What emperor forced the Germanic tribes to the east side of the Rhine?


Answer: 12 BC

Question: In what did Emperor Augustus order the conquest of the Germans?


Answer: Battle of the Teutoburg Forest

Question: The Romans suffered a horrible defeat in there conquest of the Germans in what battle?


Answer: Christianity

Question: Roman's adoption of what religion would greatly influence the German society?


Answer: Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried

Question: Through what act would Roman and German customs become intertwine?


Answer: Augustus

Question: Which Roman emperor ordered the conquest of the Germans?


Answer: Christianity

Question: What religion did Germans adopt?


Answer: Battle of the Teutoburg Forest r

Question: What battle did Germans defeat the Romans?


Answer: Balts and Slavs

Context: The Germanic peoples during the Migrations Period came into contact with other peoples; in the case of the populations settling in the territory of modern Germany, they encountered Celts to the south, and Balts and Slavs towards the east. The Limes Germanicus was breached in AD 260. Migrating Germanic tribes commingled with the local Gallo-Roman populations in what is now Swabia and Bavaria. The arrival of the Huns in Europe resulted in Hun conquest of large parts of Eastern Europe, the Huns initially were allies of the Roman Empire who fought against Germanic tribes, but later the Huns cooperated with the Germanic tribe of the Ostrogoths, and large numbers of Germans lived within the lands of the Hunnic Empire of Attila. Attila had both Hunnic and Germanic families and prominent Germanic chiefs amongst his close entourage in Europe. The Huns living in Germanic territories in Eastern Europe adopted an East Germanic language as their lingua franca. A major part of Attila's army were Germans, during the Huns' campaign against the Roman Empire. After Attila's unexpected death the Hunnic Empire collapsed with the Huns disappearing as a people in Europe – who either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans.

Question: During the Migrations period Germans would encounter what groups in the east?


Answer: Celts

Question: During the Migrations period Germans would encounter what group in the south?


Answer: AD 260

Question: The Limes Germanicus was breached in what year?


Answer: the Huns

Question: Who allied with the Germans after previous fighting them along side the Romans?


Answer: Attila

Question: What leader had both prominent German and Hun families in his entourage throughout Europe?


Answer: AD 260

Question: When was the Limes Germanicus breached?


Answer: Celts

Question: Who did the Germans come in contact with to the south?


Answer: Ostrogoths

Question: Which Germanic tribe did the Huns cooperate with?


Answer: East Germanic

Question: What language did the Huns adopt?


Answer: either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans

Question: What happened to the Huns after Attila's death?


Answer: five tribes

Context: The migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a "German" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii. These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans. The varieties of the German language are still divided up into these groups. Linguists distinguish low Saxon, Franconian, Bavarian, Thuringian and Alemannic varieties in modern German. By the 9th century, the large tribes which lived on the territory of modern Germany had been united under the rule of the Frankish king Charlemagne, known in German as Karl der Große. Much of what is now Eastern Germany became Slavonic-speaking (Sorbs and Veleti), after these areas were vacated by Germanic tribes (Vandals, Lombards, Burgundians and Suebi amongst others) which had migrated into the former areas of the Roman Empire.

Question: how many tribes are credited with the creation of the modern day germans?


Answer: German language

Question: In modern day what is still influenced by the five tribes?


Answer: Charlemagne

Question: What king united the tribes in the 9th century?


Answer: Eastern Germany

Question: What part of Germany became mostly Slavonic-speaking due to migration?


Answer: Roman Empire

Question: The tribes that moved out of east Germany took to inhabit what fallen empires lands?


Answer: Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii

Question: What five tribes are attributed with coalescing into a German ethnicity?


Answer: Frisians

Question: What 6th tribe is sometimes included with the original 5 German tribes?


Answer: king Charlemagne

Question: Who united the 5 tribes?


Answer: 9th

Question: What century did King Charlemagne reign?


Answer: High Middle Ages

Context: A German ethnicity emerged in the course of the Middle Ages, ultimately as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century. The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, and the use of exonyms designating "the Germans" develops only during the High Middle Ages. The title of rex teutonicum "King of the Germans" is first used in the late 11th century, by the chancery of Pope Gregory VII, to describe the future Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation Henry IV. Natively, the term ein diutscher ("a German") is used for the people of Germany from the 12th century.

Question: What period in history do we see the emergence of German culture?


Answer: East Francia

Question: The kingdom of Germany formed within what outer established empires?


Answer: late 11th century

Question: When was the Title King of the Germans first used?


Answer: chancery of Pope Gregory VII,

Question: Who coined the phrase "king of the Germans"


Answer: Henry IV

Question: Who was given the prilavage of being called the first King of the Germans?


Answer: the Middle Ages

Question: When did a German ethnicity emerge?


Answer: the late 11th century

Question: When is the title of rex teutonicum first used?


Answer: Pope Gregory VII

Question: Who first used rex teutonicum?


Answer: 12th century

Question: When is ein diutscher first used?


Answer: a German

Question: What does ein diutscher mean?


Answer: Ostsiedlung

Context: After Christianization, the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers led German expansion and settlement in areas inhabited by Slavs and Balts, known as Ostsiedlung. During the wars waged in the Baltic by the Catholic German Teutonic Knights; the lands inhabited by the ethnic group of the Old Prussians (the current reference to the people known then simply as the "Prussians"), were conquered by the Germans. The Old Prussians were an ethnic group related to the Latvian and Lithuanian Baltic peoples. The former German state of Prussia took its name from the Baltic Prussians, although it was led by Germans who had assimilated the Old Prussians; the old Prussian language was extinct by the 17th or early 18th century. The Slavic people of the Teutonic-controlled Baltic were assimilated into German culture and eventually there were many intermarriages of Slavic and German families, including amongst the Prussia's aristocracy known as the Junkers. Prussian military strategist Karl von Clausewitz is a famous German whose surname is of Slavic origin. Massive German settlement led to the assimilation of Baltic (Old Prussians) and Slavic (Wends) populations, who were exhausted by previous warfare.

Question: The Expansion of Germany by the Catholic Church into the areas of the Slavs and balts is know as what?


Answer: Catholic German Teutonic Knights

Question: What was the name of the group that waged war in the Baltic?


Answer: Latvian and Lithuanian Baltic peoples

Question: Who was the Old Prussians ethnic group related to?


Answer: 17th or early 18th century

Question: Although conquered the Persian language lived on till when?


Answer: Karl von Clausewitz

Question: Who is a famous German that name has Slavic origins?


Answer: 17th or early 18th century

Question: When was the Prussian language extinct?


Answer: were assimilated into German culture

Question: What happened to the Slavic people of the Baltic?


Answer: the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers

Question: Who led the German expansion?


Answer: Karl von Clausewitz

Question: What famous German military strategist has a name with Slavic origin?


Answer: Massive German settlement

Question: What let to the assimilation of Baltic and Slavic populations?


Answer: naval innovations

Context: At the same time, naval innovations led to a German domination of trade in the Baltic Sea and parts of Eastern Europe through the Hanseatic League. Along the trade routes, Hanseatic trade stations became centers of the German culture. German town law (Stadtrecht) was promoted by the presence of large, relatively wealthy German populations, their influence and political power. Thus people who would be considered "Germans", with a common culture, language, and worldview different from that of the surrounding rural peoples, colonized trading towns as far north of present-day Germany as Bergen (in Norway), Stockholm (in Sweden), and Vyborg (now in Russia). The Hanseatic League was not exclusively German in any ethnic sense: many towns who joined the league were outside the Holy Roman Empire and a number of them may only loosely be characterized as German. The Empire itself was not entirely German either. It had a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual structure, some of the smaller ethnicities and languages used at different times were Dutch, Italian, French, Czech and Polish.

Question: German's domination of trade in the Eastern Europe was credited to what?


Answer: Hanseatic trade stations

Question: Because of the increased trade what places became the hubs of German culture?


Answer: Stadtrecht

Question: What was promoted due to wealth and power of the German families?


Answer: multi-ethnic and multi-lingual

Question: the holy roman empire due to its many different conquests was seen as what type of society?


Answer: naval innovations

Question: What helped the Germans dominate trade?


Answer: Stadtrecht

Question: What is the German work for German town law?


Answer: The Hanseatic League was not exclusively German

Question: Was the Hanseatic league exclusively German?


Answer: Dutch, Italian, French, Czech and Polish

Question: What other ethnicities, besides German were part of The Empire?


Answer: Middle Ages

Context: By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts of the German language and elements of other European languages into a mixed language known as Yiddish. However tolerance and assimilation of Jews in German society suddenly ended during the Crusades with many Jews being forcefully expelled from Germany and Western Yiddish disappeared as a language in Germany over the centuries, with German Jewish people fully adopting the German language.

Question: By what time period had many of the Jewish population joined the Holy Roman Empire?


Answer: Yiddish

Question: The Jewish populations upon migrating into the German society mingled languages to form what new language?


Answer: Crusades

Question: What cause the tolerance and mixing into German Society to end for the Jews?


Answer: German

Question: What language did many of the Jews speak after the crusades?


Answer: Judeo-French

Question: What language did the Jews speak prior to assimilating into German culture?


Answer: Yiddish.

Question: After assimilating to German culture, what language did the Jews adopt?


Answer: during the Crusades

Question: When did Jewish assimilation end?


Answer: forcefully expelled from Germany

Question: What happened to the Jews during the crusades?


Answer: Napoleonic Wars

Context: The Napoleonic Wars were the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and ultimately the cause for the quest for a German nation state in 19th-century German nationalism. After the Congress of Vienna, Austria and Prussia emerged as two competitors. Austria, trying to remain the dominant power in Central Europe, led the way in the terms of the Congress of Vienna. The Congress of Vienna was essentially conservative, assuring that little would change in Europe and preventing Germany from uniting. These terms came to a sudden halt following the Revolutions of 1848 and the Crimean War in 1856, paving the way for German unification in the 1860s. By the 1820s, large numbers of Jewish German women had intermarried with Christian German men and had converted to Christianity. Jewish German Eduard Lasker was a prominent German nationalist figure who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid-19th century.

Question: What was one of the main factors that caused the dissolve of the Holy Roman Empire?


Answer: Congress of Vienna

Question: What assured Europe would remain the same preventing Germany from becoming one country?


Answer: 1856

Question: When was the Crimean War?


Answer: 1860s

Question: When was Germany's unification?


Answer: Eduard Lasker

Question: What prominent Jewish German sought German unification in the mid 19th century?


Answer: The Napoleonic Wars

Question: What was the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire?


Answer: Austria and Prussia

Question: What two countries emerged as competitors after the Congress of Vienna?


Answer: Austria

Question: Who led the way for the Congress of Vienna?


Answer: 1860s

Question: In what decade was German unification?


Answer: a prominent German nationalist figure who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid-19th century

Question: Who was Eduard Lasker?


Answer: 1866

Context: In 1866, the feud between Austria and Prussia finally came to a head. There were several reasons behind this war. As German nationalism grew strongly inside the German Confederation and neither could decide on how Germany was going to be unified into a nation-state. The Austrians favoured the Greater Germany unification but were not willing to give up any of the non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire and take second place to Prussia. The Prussians however wanted to unify Germany as Little Germany primarily by the Kingdom of Prussia, whilst excluding Austria. In the final battle of the German war (Battle of Königgrätz) the Prussians successfully defeated the Austrians and succeeded in creating the North German Confederation.

Question: When did the strife between Austria and Prussia erupt?


Answer: (Battle of Königgrätz

Question: in What conflict of the German war did the Prussians successfully create the North German Confederation?


Answer: Little Germany

Question: What was Germany going to be called if Prussian won?


Answer: non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire

Question: What was Austria not willing to give up to settle the conflict?


Answer: 1866

Question: When did Austria and Prussia go to war?


Answer: Prussia

Question: Who won the battle of Koniggratz?


Answer: Little Germany

Question: What did the Prussians want Germany to unify under?


Answer: North German Confederation

Question: What was created when the Prussians defeated Austria??


Answer: 1870

Context: In 1870, after France attacked Prussia, Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany (among them Bavaria) were victorious in the Franco-Prussian War. It created the German Empire in 1871 as a German nation-state, effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein. Integrating the Austrians nevertheless remained a strong desire for many people of Germany and Austria, especially among the liberals, the social democrats and also the Catholics who were a minority within the Protestant Germany.

Question: When did France attack Prussia?


Answer: Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany

Question: Who won the Franco-Prussian War?


Answer: 1871

Question: When was the German Empire founded?


Answer: effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy

Question: What regions was excluded from the German Empire?


Answer: Protestant

Question: What was the primary religion of Germany?


Answer: 1871

Question: When was the German empire created?


Answer: Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein

Question: Who was excluded from the German Nation State?


Answer: Protestant

Question: What religion was a majority in Germany?


Answer: Integrating the Austrians

Question: What did many people in Germany still want to do?


Answer: Adolf Hitler

Context: The Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, attempted to unite all the people they claimed were "Germans" (Volksdeutsche) into one realm, including ethnic Germans in eastern Europe, many of whom had emigrated more than one hundred fifty years before and developed separate cultures in their new lands. This idea was initially welcomed by many ethnic Germans in Sudetenland, Austria, Poland, Danzig and western Lithuania, particularly the Germans from Klaipeda (Memel). The Swiss resisted the idea. They had viewed themselves as a distinctly separate nation since the Peace of Westphalia of 1648.

Question: What leader tried to unite all people considered themselves "German"


Answer: The Swiss

Question: Who resisted the uniting of people under Hitler?


Answer: 1648

Question: The Swiss has viewed themselves as their own country since what year?


Answer: ethnic Germans

Question: Who welcomed the idea in area such as Sudetenland and Poland?


Answer: Adolf Hitler

Question: Who headed the Nazis?


Answer: The Swiss

Question: Who resisted the Nazi idea of uniting all Germans from the get go?


Answer: 1648

Question: Since when had the Swiss viewed themselves as a different nation?


Answer: 1648

Question: When was the Peace of Westphalia?


Answer: The Nazis

Question: Who wanted to unite all of the Germans all over the area?


Answer: expelled the Germans

Context: After World War II, eastern European countries such as the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia expelled the Germans from their territories. Many of those had inhabited these lands for centuries, developing a unique culture. Germans were also forced to leave the former eastern territories of Germany, which were annexed by Poland (Silesia, Pomerania, parts of Brandenburg and southern part of East Prussia) and the Soviet Union (northern part of East Prussia). Between 12 and 16,5 million ethnic Germans and German citizens were expelled westwards to allied-occupied Germany.

Question: With the conclusion of World War 2 what did most Eastern Europe countries do with their German citizens?


Answer: for centuries

Question: How long did many of the Germans live in the eastern Europe countries before being expelled?


Answer: 12 and 16,5 million ethnic Germans and German citizens

Question: Approximately how many Germans were expelled from their home after world war II?


Answer: westwards to allied-occupied Germany

Question: After World War II where were Germans forced to relocate to?


Answer: Between 12 and 16,5 million

Question: How many Germans were expelled after WWII?


Answer: World War II

Question: After what war were Germans expelled from their territories?


Answer: allied-occupied Germany

Question: Where were Germans that were inhabiting other lands expelled to?


Answer: Protestant Reformation

Context: The event of the Protestant Reformation and the politics that ensued has been cited as the origins of German identity that arose in response to the spread of a common German language and literature. Early German national culture was developed through literary and religious figures including Martin Luther, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller. The concept of a German nation was developed by German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder. The popularity of German identity arose in the aftermath of the French Revolution.

Question: What is credited with the origins of the German identity?


Answer: literary and religious figures

Question: How was early German culture developed?


Answer: Johann Gottfried Herder

Question: What man is credited with the emergence of the German nation?


Answer: aftermath of the French Revolution

Question: When did the popularity of the German nation increase?


Answer: Protestant Reformation

Question: What is credited with creating the Origins of a German identity?


Answer: Johann Gottfried Herder

Question: Who developed the concept of a German Nation?


Answer: in the aftermath of the French Revolution

Question: When did the popularity of a German identity arise?


Answer: German philosopher

Question: Who was Johann Herder?


Answer: most German

Context: Persons who speak German as their first language, look German and whose families have lived in Germany for generations are considered "most German", followed by categories of diminishing Germanness such as Aussiedler (people of German ancestry whose families have lived in Eastern Europe but who have returned to Germany), Restdeutsche (people living in lands that have historically belonged to Germany but which is currently outside of Germany), Auswanderer (people whose families have emigrated from Germany and who still speak German), German speakers in German-speaking nations such as Austrians, and finally people of German emigrant background who no longer speak German.

Question: Residence that speak German as their mother tongue and families have been in place for generations are often consider?


Answer: Aussiedler

Question: What is the name given to Germans who family left but came back to the lands?


Answer: Restdeutsche

Question: What is the name of gven to the population that lives outside of current Germany boundary but still within historic Germany?


Answer: Auswanderer

Question: What are refugees from Germany that still speak German referred to?


Answer: most German

Question: People who have generations of family in Germany, and look and speak German are classified as what?


Answer: Aussiedler

Question: Who are people of German ancestry but have lived in other parts of Europe, then returned to Germany?


Answer: Restdeutsche

Question: What are people who have ancestral roots in Germany, but now live outside of Germany called?


Answer: Auswanderer

Question: What are people called who have left Germany but still speak German?


Answer: German

Context: The native language of Germans is German, a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch, and sharing many similarities with the North Germanic and Scandinavian languages. Spoken by approximately 100 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and the most widely spoken first language in the European Union. German has been replaced by English as the dominant language of science-related Nobel Prize laureates during the second half of the 20th century. It was a lingua franca in the Holy Roman Empire.

Question: What is the native language of Germans?


Answer: English and Dutch

Question: What languages is German related to?


Answer: 100 million

Question: How many natives speak German?


Answer: German

Question: What is the most commonly spoken language in the European Union?


Answer: English

Question: What is the dominant language of science?


Answer: 50 million

Context: People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people.

Question: How many German Americans are there?


Answer: 5 million

Question: How many Germans live in Brazil?


Answer: 100 million

Question: How many people in the world have German heritage?


Answer: one third

Question: America is home to what percentage of German decedent people?


Answer: Albertus Magnus

Context: German philosophers have helped shape western philosophy from as early as the Middle Ages (Albertus Magnus). Later, Leibniz (17th century) and most importantly Kant played central roles in the history of philosophy. Kantianism inspired the work of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche as well as German idealism defended by Fichte and Hegel. Engels helped develop communist theory in the second half of the 19th century while Heidegger and Gadamer pursued the tradition of German philosophy in the 20th century. A number of German intellectuals were also influential in sociology, most notably Adorno, Habermas, Horkheimer, Luhmann, Simmel, Tönnies, and Weber. The University of Berlin founded in 1810 by linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt served as an influential model for a number of modern western universities.

Question: Who is a German philosopher from the middle ages?


Answer: 17th century

Question: When was Leibniz an active philosopher?


Answer: Kant

Question: What German philosopher inspired Schopenhauer and Nietzsche?


Answer: Engels

Question: In the late 19th century, which German philosopher helped develop the idea of communism?


Answer: 1810

Question: When was the University of Berlin founded?


Answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

Context: The work of David Hilbert and Max Planck was crucial to the foundation of modern physics, which Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger developed further. They were preceded by such key physicists as Hermann von Helmholtz, Joseph von Fraunhofer, and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, among others. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays, an accomplishment that made him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. The Walhalla temple for "laudable and distinguished Germans", features a number of scientists, and is located east of Regensburg, in Bavaria.

Question: Who discovered X-Rays?


Answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

Question: Who won the first Nobel Prize in Physics?


Answer: 1901

Question: In what year, was the first Nobel Prize in Physics won?


Answer: Bavaria

Question: Where is the Walhalla temple located?


Answer: David Hilbert and Max Planck

Question: What two people were important to the creation of modern physics?


Answer: Germany

Context: In the field of music, Germany claims some of the most renowned classical composers of the world including Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, who marked the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music. Other composers of the Austro-German tradition who achieved international fame include Brahms, Wagner, Haydn, Schubert, Händel, Schumann, Liszt, Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Johann Strauss II, Bruckner, Mahler, Telemann, Richard Strauss, Schoenberg, Orff, and most recently, Henze, Lachenmann, and Stockhausen.

Question: From which country is Bach, Mozart and Beethoven from?


Answer: Austro-German

Question: In what tradition of music did Brahms Wagner and Hadyn achieve fame?


Answer: Beethoven

Question: Who marked the switch from classical to romantic eras in classical music?


Answer: fourth largest

Context: As of 2008[update], Germany is the fourth largest music market in the world and has exerted a strong influence on Dance and Rock music, and pioneered trance music. Artists such as Herbert Grönemeyer, Scorpions, Rammstein, Nena, Dieter Bohlen, Tokio Hotel and Modern Talking have enjoyed international fame. German musicians and, particularly, the pioneering bands Tangerine Dream and Kraftwerk have also contributed to the development of electronic music. Germany hosts many large rock music festivals annually. The Rock am Ring festival is the largest music festival in Germany, and among the largest in the world. German artists also make up a large percentage of Industrial music acts, which is called Neue Deutsche Härte. Germany hosts some of the largest Goth scenes and festivals in the entire world, with events like Wave-Gothic-Treffen and M'era Luna Festival easily attracting up to 30,000 people. Amongst Germany's famous artists there are various Dutch entertainers, such as Johannes Heesters.

Question: In 2008,, where was Germany ranked as a world music market?


Answer: trance

Question: What type of music was pioneered in Germany?


Answer: electronic

Question: What type of music does Kraftwerk make?


Answer: Rock am Ring

Question: What is the largest music festival in Germany?


Answer: up to 30,000

Question: How many people does M'era Luna Festival attract?


Answer: Max Skladanowsky

Context: German cinema dates back to the very early years of the medium with the work of Max Skladanowsky. It was particularly influential during the years of the Weimar Republic with German expressionists such as Robert Wiene and Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau. The Nazi era produced mostly propaganda films although the work of Leni Riefenstahl still introduced new aesthetics in film. From the 1960s, New German Cinema directors such as Volker Schlöndorff, Werner Herzog, Wim Wenders, Rainer Werner Fassbinder placed West-German cinema back onto the international stage with their often provocative films, while the Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft controlled film production in the GDR.

Question: Who was the original German cinematic?


Answer: propaganda

Question: What types of film were produced in the Nazi era?


Answer: Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft

Question: Who controls film production in the GDR?


Answer: 1960s

Question: When did German cinema come back internationally?


Answer: 1984

Context: More recently, films such as Das Boot (1981), The Never Ending Story (1984) Run Lola Run (1998), Das Experiment (2001), Good Bye Lenin! (2003), Gegen die Wand (Head-on) (2004) and Der Untergang (Downfall) (2004) have enjoyed international success. In 2002 the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film went to Caroline Link's Nowhere in Africa, in 2007 to Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck's The Lives of Others. The Berlin International Film Festival, held yearly since 1951, is one of the world's foremost film and cinema festivals.

Question: In what year was the never ending story made?


Answer: Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film

Question: What award did Nowhere in Africa win in 2002?


Answer: 2007

Question: In what year did The Lives of Others win the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language?


Answer: yearly

Question: How often is the Berlin International Film Festival held?


Answer: 1951

Question: What was the first year of the Berlin International Film Festival?


Answer: 1517

Context: Roman Catholicism was the sole established religion in the Holy Roman Empire until the Reformation changed this drastically. In 1517, Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church as he saw it as a corruption of Christian faith. Through this, he altered the course of European and world history and established Protestantism. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe. The war was fought largely as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire.

Question: In what year did Martin Luther challenge the Catholic Church?


Answer: 1618–1648

Question: During what years was the thirty year war?


Answer: Roman Catholicism

Question: Until the Reformation, what was the established religion in Germany?


Answer: Germany

Question: Where was the thirty year war primarily fought?


Answer: Protestants and Catholics

Question: Who was the thirty year war between?


Answer: 30.8

Context: According to the latest nationwide census, Roman Catholics constituted 30.8% of the total population of Germany, followed by the Evangelical Protestants at 30.3%. Other religions, atheists or not specified constituted 38.8% of the population at the time. Among "others" are Protestants not included in Evangelical Church of Germany, and other Christians such as the Restorationist New Apostolic Church. Protestantism was more common among the citizens of Germany. The North and East Germany is predominantly Protestant, the South and West rather Catholic. Nowadays there is a non-religious majority in Hamburg and the East German states.

Question: What percentage of Germans are Roman Catholic?


Answer: 30.3

Question: What percentage of Germans are Evangelical Protestants?


Answer: Protestant

Question: What religion is the North and East part of Germany?


Answer: Hamburg and the East German states

Question: Where is there a non-religious majority?


Answer: 27 million

Context: Sport forms an integral part of German life, as demonstrated by the fact that 27 million Germans are members of a sports club and an additional twelve million pursue such an activity individually. Football is by far the most popular sport, and the German Football Federation (Deutscher Fußballbund) with more than 6.3 million members is the largest athletic organisation in the country. It also attracts the greatest audience, with hundreds of thousands of spectators attending Bundesliga matches and millions more watching on television.

Question: How many Germans are members of sports clubs?


Answer: Football

Question: What is the most popular sport in Germany?


Answer: German Football Federation

Question: What is the largest athletic organisation in the country?


Answer: 6.3 million

Question: How many members are in the German Football Federation?


Answer: 2006

Context: Since the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the internal and external evaluation of Germany's national image has changed. In the annual Nation Brands Index global survey, Germany became significantly and repeatedly more highly ranked after the tournament. People in 20 different states assessed the country's reputation in terms of culture, politics, exports, its people and its attractiveness to tourists, immigrants and investments. Germany has been named the world's second most valued nation among 50 countries in 2010. Another global opinion poll, for the BBC, revealed that Germany is recognised for the most positive influence in the world in 2010. A majority of 59% have a positive view of the country, while 14% have a negative view.

Question: What year was the turning point for Germany in the Nation Brands Index?


Answer: 2010

Question: What year did BBC reveal that Germany is the most positive influence in the world?


Answer: 14%

Question: what percentage have a negative view of Germany?


Answer: 59

Question: What percentage of people have a positive view of Germany?


Answer: 19th

Context: Pan-Germanism's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars. The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution. Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes. Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divided for centuries, ruled over by the old Monarchies of the Romanovs and the Habsburgs. Germans, for the most part, had been a loose and disunited people since the Reformation when the Holy Roman Empire was shattered into a patchwork of states. The new German nationalists, mostly young reformers such as Johann Tillmann of East Prussia, sought to unite all the German-speaking and ethnic-German (Volksdeutsche) people.

Question: In what century did the Pan-Germanisms origins begin?


Answer: Nationalism

Question: What movement came out of the French Revolution?


Answer: aristocratic regimes

Question: Who was threatened by Nationalism?


Answer: Romanovs and the Habsburgs

Question: Who ruled central and Eastern Europe during the 19th century?


Answer: East Prussia

Question: Where was Johann Tillmann from?


Answer: Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire

Context: By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute numerical majority; the creation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was one result of the growing nationalism of other ethnicities especially the Hungarians. Prussia under Otto von Bismarck would ride on the coat-tails of nationalism to unite all of modern-day Germany. The German Empire ("Second Reich") was created in 1871 following the proclamation of Wilhelm I as head of a union of German-speaking states, while disregarding millions of its non-German subjects who desired self-determination from German rule.

Question: Who were the two most powerful nations in the 1860's?


Answer: 1871

Question: When was the German Empire created?


Answer: head of a union of German-speaking states

Question: Who was Wilhelm I?


Answer: influence and territory

Question: What were Prussia and Austria looking to expand?


Answer: The Austrian Empire

Question: Which empire was a multi ethnic state?


Answer: treaty of Versailles

Context: Following the defeat in World War I, influence of German-speaking elites over Central and Eastern Europe was greatly limited. At the treaty of Versailles Germany was substantially reduced in size. Austria-Hungary was split up. Rump-Austria, which to a certain extent corresponded to the German-speaking areas of Austria-Hungary (a complete split into language groups was impossible due to multi-lingual areas and language-exclaves) adopted the name "German-Austria" (German: Deutschösterreich). The name German-Austria was forbidden by the victorious powers of World War I. Volga Germans living in the Soviet Union were interned in gulags or forcibly relocated during the Second World War.

Question: What greatly reduced the size of Germany after WWI?


Answer: Volga Germans

Question: Who was relocated during the second world war from the Soviet Union?


Answer: German-Austria

Question: What name did Rump-Austria adopt?


Answer: Deutschösterreich

Question: What is the German translation for German-Austria?


Answer: 60

Context: For decades after the Second World War, any national symbol or expression was a taboo. However, the Germans are becoming increasingly patriotic. During a study in 2009, in which some 2,000 German citizens age 14 and upwards filled out a questionnaire, nearly 60% of those surveyed agreed with the sentiment "I'm proud to be German." And 78%, if free to choose their nation, would opt for German nationality with "near or absolute certainty". Another study in 2009, carried out by the Identity Foundation in Düsseldorf, showed that 73% of the Germans were proud of their country, twice more than 8 years earlier. According to Eugen Buss, a sociology professor at the University of Hohenheim, there's an ongoing normalisation and more and more Germans are becoming openly proud of their country.

Question: What percentage of 14 year olds said they were proud to be German in 2009?


Answer: 78

Question: What percentage of 14 year olds in 2009 said they would choose German for their nationality if they got to choose?


Answer: University of Hohenheim

Question: Where does Eugen Buss work?


Answer: Radek Sikorski

Context: In the midst of the European sovereign-debt crisis, Radek Sikorski, Poland's Foreign Minister, stated in November 2011, "I will probably be the first Polish foreign minister in history to say so, but here it is: I fear German power less than I am beginning to fear German inactivity. You have become Europe's indispensable nation." According to Jacob Heilbrunn, a senior editor at The National Interest, such a statement is unprecedented when taking into consideration Germany's history. "This was an extraordinary statement from a top official of a nation that was ravaged by Germany during World War II. And it reflects a profound shift taking place throughout Germany and Europe about Berlin's position at the center of the Continent." Heilbrunn believes that the adage, "what was good for Germany was bad for the European Union" has been supplanted by a new mentality—what is in the interest of Germany is also in the interest of its neighbors. The evolution in Germany's national identity stems from focusing less on its Nazi past and more on its Prussian history, which many Germans believe was betrayed—and not represented—by Nazism. The evolution is further precipitated by Germany's conspicuous position as Europe's strongest economy. Indeed, this German sphere of influence has been welcomed by the countries that border it, as demonstrated by Polish foreign minister Radek Sikorski's effusive praise for his country's western neighbor. This shift in thinking is boosted by a newer generation of Germans who see World War II as a distant memory.

Question: Who was Poland's foreign minister in 2011?


Answer: Nazi past

Question: What are Germans trying to forget?


Answer: Prussian history

Question: What are Germans trying to focus on?


Answer: Germany

Question: Who is Europe's strongest economy?


Answer: Bridgeport

Context: New Haven (local /nuː ˈheɪvən/, noo-HAY-vən), in the U.S. state of Connecticut, is the principal municipality in Greater New Haven, which had a total population of 862,477 in 2010. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of the Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut, which in turn comprises the outer limits of the New York metropolitan area. It is the second-largest city in Connecticut (after Bridgeport), with a population of 129,779 people as of the 2010 United States Census. According to a census of 1 July 2012, by the Census Bureau, the city had a population of 130,741.

Question: What is the largest city in Connecticuty?


Answer: 130,741

Question: What was the population of New Haven according to the 2012 Census?


Answer: 129,779

Question: What was the population of New Haven according to the 2010 Census?


Answer: 862,477

Question: What was the population of Greater New Haven in 2010?


Answer: Long Island Sound

Question: New Haven Harbor is located on the northern shore of what waterway?


Answer: Connecticut

Question: In which US state is New Haven located?


Answer: New Haven County

Question: In what county is New Haven located?


Answer: 129,779

Question: What is the population of New Haven according to the 2010 United States Census?


Answer: New York metropolitan area

Question: New Haven County makes up the outer limits of what major metropolitan area?


Answer: 129,779

Question: What is the population of New Haven City in 2010?


Answer: Bridgeport

Question: What is Connecticut's biggest city?


Answer: New Haven County,

Question: In what county is New Haven located in?


Answer: 862,477

Question: The population of the Greater New Haven in 2010?


Answer: New York

Question: What is the metropolitan next to New Haven County, Connecticut?


Answer: five hundred

Context: In 1637 a small party of Puritans reconnoitered the New Haven harbor area and wintered over. In April 1638, the main party of five hundred Puritans who left the Massachusetts Bay Colony under the leadership of the Reverend John Davenport and the London merchant Theophilus Eaton sailed into the harbor. These settlers were hoping to establish a (in their mind) better theological community, with the government more closely linked to the church than the one they left in Massachusetts and sought to take advantage of the excellent port capabilities of the harbor. The Quinnipiacs, who were under attack by neighboring Pequots, sold their land to the settlers in return for protection.

Question: How many Puritans were in the initial group that settled New Haven?


Answer: The Quinnipiacs

Question: What group sold the land to the Puritans?


Answer: Pequots

Question: The Quinnipiacs were under attack by what group?


Answer: Reverend John Davenport

Question: What is the name of the religious leader who co-led this founding group?


Answer: Theophilus Eaton

Question: What is the name of the London merchant who co-led this founding group?


Answer: 1637

Question: In what year did the Puritans survey New Haven Harbor?


Answer: Massachusetts Bay Colony

Question: From what colony did the original 500 Puritan settlers originate?


Answer: Reverend John Davenport

Question: Who was the religious leader of the original Puritan settlers?


Answer: 1638

Question: In what year did the original 500 Puritan settlers arrive in the New Haven harbor area?


Answer: Quinnipiacs

Question: From what native tribe did the original Puritan settlers purchase land in exchange for the offer of providing protection?


Answer: 1638

Question: What year begin the founding of New Haven Harbor?


Answer: Massachusetts Bay Colony

Question: Where did the settlers came from?


Answer: Quinnipiacs,

Question: What was the name of the Native Americans that sold them the land?


Answer: better theological community

Question: In comparison to Massachusetts what where settlers hoping to establish in New Haven Harbor?


Answer: Reverend John Davenport

Question: Who was the religious leader that lead the pilgrims to New Haven Harbor?


Answer: New Haven colony was an intolerant theocracy that did not permit other churches to be established

Context: By 1640, the town's theocratic government and nine-square grid plan were in place, and the town was renamed Newhaven from Quinnipiac. However, the area north of New Haven remained Quinnipiac until 1678, when it was renamed Hamden. The settlement became the headquarters of the New Haven Colony. At the time, the New Haven Colony was separate from the Connecticut Colony, which had been established to the north centering on Hartford. One of the principal differences between the two colonies was that the New Haven colony was an intolerant theocracy that did not permit other churches to be established, while the Connecticut colony permitted the establishment of other churches.

Question: How did New Haven colony differ from Connecticut colony in regard to religion?


Answer: Quinnipiac

Question: What was the name of the settlement before it was called New Haven?


Answer: Hamden

Question: What was the name of the area north of New Haven changed to in 1678?


Answer: Hartford

Question: What was the town center of the Connecticut colony?


Answer: theocratic government

Question: What type of government did the Puritan settlers establish?


Answer: 1640

Question: By what year did the Puritan settlers rename the area from Quinnipac to Newhaven?


Answer: 1678

Question: In what year was the northern area of New Haven renamed Hamden?


Answer: Connecticut Colony

Question: What colony was located to the north of New Haven Colony, centered around the area known as Hartford?


Answer: other churches to be established

Question: What did New Haven Colony not permit that principally distinguished it from Connecticut Colony?


Answer: Hamden

Question: In 1678 what was the new name of the Northern part of New Haven?


Answer: Hartford

Question: New Haven Colony was separated from the Connecticut Colony which was located where?


Answer: an intolerant theocracy

Question: What made New Haven different from the other colonies in Connecticut?


Answer: Quinnipiac

Question: Where was the headquarters of the New Haven Colony located?


Answer: Powder House Day

Context: For over a century, New Haven citizens had fought in the colonial militia alongside regular British forces, as in the French and Indian War. As the American Revolution approached, General David Wooster and other influential residents hoped that the conflict with the government in Britain could be resolved short of rebellion. On 23 April 1775, which is still celebrated in New Haven as Powder House Day, the Second Company, Governor's Foot Guard, of New Haven entered the struggle against the governing British parliament. Under Captain Benedict Arnold, they broke into the powder house to arm themselves and began a three-day march to Cambridge, Massachusetts. Other New Haven militia members were on hand to escort George Washington from his overnight stay in New Haven on his way to Cambridge. Contemporary reports, from both sides, remark on the New Haven volunteers' professional military bearing, including uniforms.

Question: What is the name given to the celebrated date of 23 April 1775 in New Haven?


Answer: Benedict Arnold

Question: Who was the captain of New Haven's Second Company, Governor's Foot Guard?


Answer: a three-day march

Question: How long did the march from New Haven to Cambridge, Massachusetts take Arnold and his men?


Answer: General David Wooster

Question: Who was the influential New Haven general that hoped to avoid conflict with the British Parliament as the American Revolution loomed closer?


Answer: 23 April 1775

Question: What date is still commemorated by Powder House Day in New Haven?


Answer: Governor's Foot Guard

Question: What was the name of the Second Company in New Haven that was the first to enter the inaugural struggle with the British?


Answer: Captain Benedict Arnold

Question: Under whose leadership did the Governor's Foot Guard break into the powder house to arm themselves?


Answer: Cambridge, Massachusetts

Question: Toward what area did the New Haven militia march for three days following the powder house incident?


Answer: 23 April

Question: Power House Day is celebrated on what day in New Haven?


Answer: Benedict Arnold

Question: What is the name of infamous historical person who played an important role on Power House Day?


Answer: Cambridge

Question: Where was George Washington planning to go after staying in New Haven?


Answer: Governor's Foot Guard

Question: What is the name of the New Haven Militia that fought on during Powder House Day?


Answer: uniforms.

Question: Although the militia were mainly made of volunteers what item distinguish them from other militia companies?


Answer: General William Tryon

Context: On July 5, 1779, 2,600 loyalists and British regulars under General William Tryon, governor of New York, landed in New Haven Harbor and raided the 3,500-person town. A militia of Yale students had been prepping for battle, and former Yale president and Yale Divinity School professor Naphtali Daggett rode out to confront the Redcoats. Yale president Ezra Stiles recounted in his diary that while he moved furniture in anticipation of battle, he still couldn't quite believe the revolution had begun. New Haven was not torched as the invaders did with Danbury in 1777, or Fairfield and Norwalk a week after the New Haven raid, so many of the town's colonial features were preserved.

Question: What is the name of the General who led the raid against New Haven on July 5, 1779?


Answer: Ezra Stiles

Question: Who was the president of Yale at the time of the attack?


Answer: New Haven was not torched

Question: Why did New Haven fair better than other invaded cities?


Answer: 2,600

Question: What was the size of the invading force?


Answer: General William Tryon

Question: Who was the governor of New York under which the loyalist and British raid of New Haven took place?


Answer: Yale

Question: The students of what New Haven university formed an ad-hoc militia to confront the Redcoats?


Answer: Naphtali Daggett

Question: Who was the professor of Yale Divinity School that led the student militia to confront the Redcoats?


Answer: July 5, 1779

Question: On what date did the loyalists and Redcoats land in New Haven Harbor to commence a raid on New Haven?


Answer: Ezra Stiles

Question: Who was the president of Yale that provided diary accounts expressing disbelief over the commencement of the revolution in New Haven?


Answer: William Tryon

Question: What is the name of the general that lead British regulars to New Haven Harbor?


Answer: 3,500

Question: At the time what was the population of New Haven Harbor?


Answer: Yale

Question: A group of militia from a very famous modern town in Connecticut came to fought in the Harbor, what was the name of their town?


Answer: Naphtali Daggett

Question: The militia that fought in New Haven was lead by who?


Answer: town's colonial features were preserved.

Question: After the battle were New Haven historical features lost or torched?


Answer: Eli Whitney

Context: The city struck fortune in the late 18th century with the inventions and industrial activity of Eli Whitney, a Yale graduate who remained in New Haven to develop the cotton gin and establish a gun-manufacturing factory in the northern part of the city near the Hamden town line. That area is still known as Whitneyville, and the main road through both towns is known as Whitney Avenue. The factory is now the Eli Whitney Museum, which has a particular emphasis on activities for children and exhibits pertaining to the A. C. Gilbert Company. His factory, along with that of Simeon North, and the lively clock-making and brass hardware sectors, contributed to making early Connecticut a powerful manufacturing economy; so many arms manufacturers sprang up that the state became known as "The Arsenal of America". It was in Whitney's gun-manufacturing plant that Samuel Colt invented the automatic revolver in 1836. The Farmington Canal, created in the early 19th century, was a short-lived transporter of goods into the interior regions of Connecticut and Massachusetts, and ran from New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts.

Question: Who is the Yale graduate, inventor, and arms manufacturer that had a large positive impact on the New Haven economy in the late 18th century?


Answer: the cotton gin

Question: What invention, for which he is primarily known, did Eli Whitney develop in New Haven?


Answer: Whitneyville

Question: What is the area near Hamden that was renamed for Eli Whitney?


Answer: "The Arsenal of America"

Question: What was the nickname given to Connecticut due to the large number of arms manufacturers that arose in the state?


Answer: Samuel Colt

Question: In 1836, who invented the automatic revolver in Eli Whitney's gun manufacturing plant?


Answer: Eli Whitney

Question: What is the name of the inventor that created the cotton gin in New Haven?


Answer: Whitney Avenue

Question: What is the name of the main road that connects New Haven to Hamden?


Answer: A. C. Gilbert

Question: What was the company that was responsible Connecticut rise as a manufacturing economy?


Answer: The Arsenal of America

Question: The rise of gun factories within Connecticut earn the state what name?


Answer: 1836

Question: In what year was the first automatic revolver invented?


Answer: 1839

Context: New Haven was home to one of the important early events in the burgeoning anti-slavery movement when, in 1839, the trial of mutineering Mende tribesmen being transported as slaves on the Spanish slaveship Amistad was held in New Haven's United States District Court. There is a statue of Joseph Cinqué, the informal leader of the slaves, beside City Hall. See "Museums" below for more information. Abraham Lincoln delivered a speech on slavery in New Haven in 1860, shortly before he secured the Republican nomination for President.

Question: In what year did an important trial take place which situated New Haven among the forefront of the growing anti-slavery movement?


Answer: Mende

Question: What tribesman were being transported as slaves on a ship by the Spanish?


Answer: Amistad

Question: What was the name of the Spanish slave ship used to transport the Mende tribesmen?


Answer: Joseph Cinqué

Question: Who was the informal leader of the slaves to whom there is a statue dedicated beside City Hall in New Haven?


Answer: Abraham Lincoln

Question: In 1860, what notable U.S. president gave a speech on slavery in New Haven?


Answer: Joseph Cinqué

Question: Who was the leader of slaves during the New Haven anti slavery movement in 1839


Answer: Abraham Lincoln

Question: What famous president made a speech in New Haven in 1860?


Answer: Mende tribesmen

Question: Exactly who were the slaves upon the Spanish slaveship?


Answer: Amistad

Question: What is the name of the slaveship that once sit in New Haven Harbor?


Answer: American Civil War

Context: The American Civil War boosted the local economy with wartime purchases of industrial goods, including that of the New Haven Arms Company, which would later become the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. (Winchester would continue to produce arms in New Haven until 2006, and many of the buildings that were a part of the Winchester plant are now a part of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company Historic District.) After the war, population grew and doubled by the start of the 20th century, most notably due to the influx of immigrants from southern Europe, particularly Italy. Today, roughly half the populations of East Haven, West Haven, and North Haven are Italian-American. Jewish immigration to New Haven has left an enduring mark on the city. Westville was the center of Jewish life in New Haven, though today many have fanned out to suburban communities such as Woodbridge and Cheshire.

Question: What major war stimulated the New Haven economy by way of industrial goods purchased through the New Haven Arms Company?


Answer: Winchester Repeating Arms Company

Question: What was the New Haven Arms Company later renamed?


Answer: Italy

Question: The increase in immigrants from what country in southern Europe had a notable impact on the population growth in New Haven in the early 20th century?


Answer: Italian-American

Question: What ethnic group currently comprises approximately half the population of East Haven, West Haven and North Haven?


Answer: Westville

Question: What area of New Haven was known for being the center of the Jewish community?


Answer: New Haven Arms Company

Question: What was the original name of the famous rifle manufacturing companies in New Haven?


Answer: Italian-American

Question: In modern day New Haven who makes up for majority of the demographics in terms of ethnicity?


Answer: population grew and doubled

Question: The Civil War had many effects after the war, what was the main effect for New Haven?


Answer: Richard C. Lee

Context: In 1954, then-mayor Richard C. Lee began some of the earliest major urban renewal projects in the United States. Certain sections of downtown New Haven were redeveloped to include museums, new office towers, a hotel, and large shopping complexes. Other parts of the city were affected by the construction of Interstate 95 along the Long Wharf section, Interstate 91, and the Oak Street Connector. The Oak Street Connector (Route 34), running between Interstate 95, downtown, and The Hill neighborhood, was originally intended as a highway to the city's western suburbs but was only completed as a highway to the downtown area, with the area to the west becoming a boulevard (See "Redevelopment" below).

Question: What New Haven mayor is responsible for projects that placed the city among the forefront of urban renewal in the U.S. circa 1954?


Answer: Interstate 95

Question: What major U.S. interstate runs along the Long Wharf section of New Haven?


Answer: The Oak Street Connector

Question: What New Haven thoroughfare runs between Interstate 95, downtown, and the neighborhood known as The Hill?


Answer: the city's western suburbs

Question: What area of New Haven was Route 34 originally intended to service?


Answer: a boulevard

Question: What did the western portion of Route 34 ultimately become?


Answer: Richard C. Lee

Question: What was the name of the mayor that lead the urban development project in New Haven 1954?


Answer: construction of Interstate 95

Question: What was of the major urban development that affected several New Haven neighborhood?


Answer: becoming a boulevard

Question: During this redevelopment process what happen to the West part of Route 34?


Answer: 2000

Context: Since approximately 2000, many parts of downtown New Haven have been revitalized, with new restaurants, nightlife, and small retail stores. In particular, the area surrounding the New Haven Green has experienced an influx of apartments and condominiums. In recent years, downtown retail options have increased with the opening of new stores such as Urban Oufitters, J Crew, Origins, American Apparel, Gant Clothing, and an Apple Store, joining older stores such as Barnes & Noble, Cutlers Records, and Raggs Clothing. In addition, downtown's growing residential population will be served by two new supermarkets, a Stop & Shop just outside downtown and Elm City Market located one block from the Green. The recent turnaround of downtown New Haven has received positive press from various periodicals.

Question: In approximately what year did revitalization most recently begin to occur in downtown New Haven?


Answer: the area surrounding the New Haven Green

Question: What specific area of downtown New Haven enjoyed a notable increase in apartments in condominiums at the beginning of the current century?


Answer: retail

Question: What specific service sector has substantially increased in downtown New Haven in recent years?


Answer: Elm City Market

Question: In addition to Stop & Shop, what new supermarket is located one block from the Green and is poised to serve the growing downtown population?


Answer: the opening of new stores

Question: In the 21st Century what has happen to most of Downtown New Haven in terms of retail?


Answer: positive press from various periodicals.

Question: How has the media perceive most of these changes to the Downtown area?


Answer: experienced an influx of apartments

Question: What has happen in New Haven Green during the 2000s?


Answer: Stop & Shop

Question: Including to the growth, what market chain have expanded nearby Downtown New Haven?


Answer: 360 State Street

Context: Major projects include the current construction of a new campus for Gateway Community College downtown, and also a 32-story, 500-unit apartment/retail building called 360 State Street. The 360 State Street project is now occupied and is the largest residential building in Connecticut. A new boathouse and dock is planned for New Haven Harbor, and the linear park Farmington Canal Trail is set to extend into downtown New Haven within the coming year. Additionally, foundation and ramp work to widen I-95 to create a new harbor crossing for New Haven, with an extradosed bridge to replace the 1950s-era Q Bridge, has begun. The city still hopes to redevelop the site of the New Haven Coliseum, which was demolished in 2007.

Question: What multi-use project in New Haven is the largest residential building in Connecticut?


Answer: Farmington Canal Trail

Question: What park is anticipated to extend to downtown New Haven?


Answer: New Haven Harbor

Question: For what area are a new boathouse and dock being planned?


Answer: New Haven Coliseum

Question: What is the city landmark demolished in 2007 that the city ultimately wish to redevelop?


Answer: 360 State Street.

Question: What is the name of building project is taking place in Gateway Community College downtown?