Answer: Chihuahua

Context: President Juárez once again based his government in the state of Chihuahua and it served as the center for the resistance against the French invasion throughout Mexico. On March 25, 1866, a battle ensued in the Plaza de Armas in the center of Chihuahua City between the French imperial forces that were guarding the plaza and the Republican forces led by General Terrazas. Being completely caught off guard, the French imperial forces sought refuge by bunkering themselves in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Our Lady of Regla, and St Fancis of Assisi and made it almost impossible to penetrate their defenses. General Terrazas then decided to fire a heavy artillery barrage with 8 kg cannonballs. The first cannon fired hit a bell in the tower of the church, instantly breaking it in half; soon after, 200 men of the imperial army forces surrendered. The republican forces had recovered control over the state capital. The bell in the church was declared a historical monument and can be seen today in the Cathedral. By April 1866, the state government had established a vital trading route from Chihuahua City to San Antonio, Texas; the government began to replenish their supplies and reinforce their fight against the Imperial forces.

Question: Juarez again based his government in which state?


Answer: the French invasion

Question: The base served as the center for the resistance against whose invasion?


Answer: Plaza de Armas

Question: On March 25, 1866, a battle ensued where in Chihuahua City?


Answer: General Terrazas

Question: Who decided to fire a heavy artillery barrage with 8 kg cannonballs?


Answer: The bell

Question: Which structure in the church became a historical monument?


Answer: corn

Context: The officials in Mexico City reduced the price of corn from six cents to two cents a pound. The northern portion of the state continued to decline economically which led to another revolt led by G. Casavantes in August 1879; Governor Trías was accused of misappropriation of funds and inefficient administration of the state. Casavantes took the state capital and occupied it briefly; he was also successful in forcing Governor Trías to exile. Shortly afterwards, the federal government sent an entourage led by Treviño; Casavantes was immediately ordered to resign his position. Casavantes declared political victory as he was able to publicly accuse and depose Governor Trías. At the same time the states of Durango and Coahuila had a military confrontation over territorial claims and water rights; this altercation between the state required additional federal troops to stabilize the area. Later a dispute ensued again among the states of Coahuila, Durango, and Chihuahua over the mountain range area known as Sierra Mojada, when large deposits of gold ore was discovered. The state of Chihuahua officially submitted a declaration of protest in May 1880 that shortly after was amicably settled. Despite the difficulties at the beginning, Díaz was able to secure and stabilize the state, which earned the confidence and support of the people.

Question: The officials in Mexico reduced the price of what food from six cents to two cents per pound?


Answer: G. Casavantes

Question: Who led the revolt for the northern portion of the state?


Answer: Governor Trías

Question: Casavantes was successful in getting which Governor to exile?


Answer: water

Question: Durango and Coahuila had a military confrontation over what natural resource?


Answer: Díaz

Question: Who was able to secure and stabilize the state eventually and gain the support of the people?


Answer: ranching and mining

Context: A handful of families owned large estates (known as haciendas) and controlled the greater part of the land across the state while the vast majority of Chihuahuans were landless. The state economy was largely defined by ranching and mining. At the expense of the working class, the Díaz administration promoted economic growth by encouraging investment from foreign companies from the United Kingdom, France, Imperial Germany and the United States. The proletariat was often exploited, and found no legal protection or political recourse to redress injustices.

Question: The state's economy was largely defined by these two industries.


Answer: working class

Question: Diaz promoted economic growth by encouraging investment from foreign companies at the expense of what group?


Answer: haciendas

Question: What was the name of the large estates owned by wealthy families?


Answer: proletariat

Question: This group was often exploited and had no legal protection or recourse.


Answer: Venustiano Carranza

Context: On March 26, 1913, Venustiano Carranza issued the Plan de Guadalupe, which refused to recognize Huerta as president and called for war between the two factions. Soon after the assassination of President Madero, Carranza returned to Mexico to fight Huerta, but with only a handful of comrades. However, by 1913 his forces had swelled into an army of thousands, called the División del Norte (Northern Division). Villa and his army, along with Emiliano Zapata and Álvaro Obregón, united with Carranza to fight against Huerta. In March 1914 Carranza traveled to Ciudad Juárez, which served as rebellion's capital for the remainder of the struggle with Huerta. In April 1914 U.S. opposition to Huerta had reached its peak, blockading the regime's ability to resupply from abroad. Carranza trying to keep his nationalistic credentials threatened war with the United States. In his spontaneous response to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson Carranza asked "that the president withdraw American troops from Mexico.”

Question: Who issued the Plan de Guadalupe?


Answer: Huerta

Question: The Plan de Guadalupe refused to recognize who as the president?


Answer: Carranza

Question: Who returned to Mexico to fight Huerta?


Answer: Ciudad Juárez

Question: Which city was the rebellion's capital for most of the struggle?


Answer: United States

Question: Carranza threatened war with what country in order to maintain credibility nationally?


Answer: about a third

Context: The desert zone also accounts for about a third of the state's surface area. The Chihuahuan Desert is an international biome that also extends into the neighboring Mexican state of Coahuila and into the U.S. states of Texas and New Mexico. The desert zone is mainly of flat topography with some small mountain ranges that run north to south. The desert in the state varies slightly with a small variant in climate. The lower elevations of the desert zone are found in the north along the Rio Grande which experience hotter temperatures in the summer and winter while the southern portion of the desert zone experiences cooler temperatures due to its higher elevation. The Samalayuca dunes cover an area of about 150 km2; it is an impressive site of the Chihuahuan Desert and is a protected area by the state due to unique species of plants and animals.

Question: The desert zone accounts for how much of the state's surface area?


Answer: Coahuila

Question: The Chihuahuan Desert also extends into which neighboring Mexican state?


Answer: flat

Question: The desert zone's topography is mostly what shape?


Answer: north

Question: Lower elevations and higher temperature are found in which region of the state; north, south, east, or west?


Answer: Rio Grande

Question: Which well-known river runs in the northern part of the state?


Answer: coyote

Context: The fauna in the state is just as diverse as the flora and varies greatly due to the large contrast in climates. In the mountain zone of the state the most observed mammals are: Mexican fox squirrel (Sciurus nayaritensis), antelope jackrabbit (Lepus alleni), raccoon (Procyon lotor), hooded skunk (Mephitis macroura), wild boar (Sus scrofa), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), mule deer Odocoileus hemionus, American bison Bison bison, cougar (Puma concolor), eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus, North American porcupine Erethizon dorsatum, bobcat Lynx rufus, Mexican wolf Canis lupus baileyi, and coyote Canis latrans. American black bear Ursus americanus is also found but in very small numbers. The Mexican wolf, once abundant, has been extirpated. The main cause of degradation has been grazing. Although there are many reptilian species in the mountains the most observed species include: Northern Mexican pine snake, Pituophis deppei jani, Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum), rock rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus), black-tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus), and plateau tiger salamander Ambystoma velasci, one of possibly many amphibians to be found in the mountains.

Question: Canis latrans is what animal?


Answer: American black bear

Question: Ursus Americanus is what animal that is found in relatively small numbers?


Answer: grazing

Question: The main cause of degradation has been what?


Answer: rattlesnake

Question: What type of snake is most popular in the region with many different species?


Answer: 1921

Context: The last census in Mexico that asked for an individual's race, which was taken in 1921, indicated that 50.09% of the population identified as Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European descent). The second-largest group was whites at 36.33% of the population. The third-largest group was the "pure indigenous" population, constituting 12.76% of the population. The remaining 0.82% of the population of Chihuahua was considered "other", i.e., neither Mestizo, indigenous, nor white. The most important indigenous tribes of the state of Chihuahua are:

Question: The last census in Mexico that asked for race was carried out in which year?


Answer: 50.09%

Question: According to the census of 1921, what percentage of citizens were Mestizo?


Answer: whites

Question: The second largest group of people were whom?


Answer: NAFTA

Context: During the 1990s after NAFTA was signed, industrial development grew rapidly with foreign investment. Large factories known as maquiladoras were built to export manufactured goods to the United States and Canada. Today, most of the maquiladoras produce electronics, automobile, and aerospace components. There are more than 406 companies operating under the federal IMMEX or Prosec program in Chihuahua. The large portion of the manufacturing sector of the state is 425 factories divided into 25 industrial parks accounting for 12.47% of the maquiladoras in Mexico, which employ 294,026 people in the state. While export-driven manufacturing is one of the most important components of the state's economy, the industrial sector is quite diverse and can be broken down into several sectors, which are: electronics, agro-industrial, wood base manufacturing, mineral, and biotech. Similar to the rest of the country, small businesses continue to be the foundation of the state’s economy. Small business employs the largest portion of the population.[citation needed]

Question: What agreement sparked industrial development during the 1990s?


Answer: maquiladoras

Question: Large factories called what were built to export manufactured goods to the US and Canada?


Answer: 294,026

Question: How many in the state are employed by maquiladoras?


Answer: Small business

Question: What type of business employs the largest portion of the population?


Answer: electronics, automobile, and aerospace components

Question: Most maquiladoras today produce what?


Answer: auditory

Context: Pitch is an auditory sensation in which a listener assigns musical tones to relative positions on a musical scale based primarily on their perception of the frequency of vibration. Pitch is closely related to frequency, but the two are not equivalent. Frequency is an objective, scientific attribute that can be measured. Pitch is each person's subjective perception of a sound, which cannot be directly measured. However, this does not necessarily mean that most people won't agree on which notes are higher and lower.

Question: What type of sensation is pitch?


Answer: frequency

Question: What is pitch closely related to?


Answer: Pitch

Question: Each persons perception of sound is called?


Answer: 12

Context: This creates a linear pitch space in which octaves have size 12, semitones (the distance between adjacent keys on the piano keyboard) have size 1, and A440 is assigned the number 69. (See Frequencies of notes.) Distance in this space corresponds to musical intervals as understood by musicians. An equal-tempered semitone is subdivided into 100 cents. The system is flexible enough to include "microtones" not found on standard piano keyboards. For example, the pitch halfway between C (60) and C♯ (61) can be labeled 60.5.

Question: Octaves in linear pitch are what size?


Answer: 1

Question: Semitones in linear pitch are what size?


Answer: 69

Question: A440 in linear pitch are what size?


Answer: 100

Question: An equal-tempered semitone is subdivided into how many cents?


Answer: 60.5

Question: The pitch halfway between C (60) and C♯ (61) is labeled what?


Answer: twelve-note chromatic scale

Context: The relative pitches of individual notes in a scale may be determined by one of a number of tuning systems. In the west, the twelve-note chromatic scale is the most common method of organization, with equal temperament now the most widely used method of tuning that scale. In it, the pitch ratio between any two successive notes of the scale is exactly the twelfth root of two (or about 1.05946). In well-tempered systems (as used in the time of Johann Sebastian Bach, for example), different methods of musical tuning were used. Almost all of these systems have one interval in common, the octave, where the pitch of one note is double the frequency of another. For example, if the A above middle C is 440 Hz, the A an octave above that is 880 Hz (info).

Question: What is the most common method of organization?


Answer: the twelfth root of two

Question: The pitch ratio between any two successive notes is?


Answer: the octave

Question: All these different methods have what in common?


Answer: sound

Context: According to the American National Standards Institute, pitch is the auditory attribute of sound according to which sounds can be ordered on a scale from low to high. Since pitch is such a close proxy for frequency, it is almost entirely determined by how quickly the sound wave is making the air vibrate and has almost nothing to do with the intensity, or amplitude, of the wave. That is, "high" pitch means very rapid oscillation, and "low" pitch corresponds to slower oscillation. Despite that, the idiom relating vertical height to sound pitch is shared by most languages. At least in English, it is just one of many deep conceptual metaphors that involve up/down. The exact etymological history of the musical sense of high and low pitch is still unclear. There is evidence that humans do actually perceive that the source of a sound is slightly higher or lower in vertical space when the sound frequency is increased or decreased.

Question: Pitch is the auditory attribute to what?


Answer: frequency

Question: Pitch is a close proxy for what?


Answer: rapid

Question: High pitch is what type of oscillation?


Answer: slower

Question: Low pitch is what type of oscillation?


Answer: sound generated

Context: A sound generated on any instrument produces many modes of vibration that occur simultaneously. A listener hears numerous frequencies at once. The vibration with the lowest frequency is called the fundamental frequency; the other frequencies are overtones. Harmonics are an important class of overtones with frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental. Whether or not the higher frequencies are integer multiples, they are collectively called the partials, referring to the different parts that make up the total spectrum.

Question: This produces many modes of vibration that occur simultaneously?


Answer: numerous

Question: A listener can hear how many frequencies at once?


Answer: overtones

Question: Harmonics are an important class of what?


Answer: the partials

Question: Integer multiples are collectively called?


Answer: ambiguous

Context: The pitch of complex tones can be ambiguous, meaning that two or more different pitches can be perceived, depending upon the observer. When the actual fundamental frequency can be precisely determined through physical measurement, it may differ from the perceived pitch because of overtones, also known as upper partials, harmonic or otherwise. A complex tone composed of two sine waves of 1000 and 1200 Hz may sometimes be heard as up to three pitches: two spectral pitches at 1000 and 1200 Hz, derived from the physical frequencies of the pure tones, and the combination tone at 200 Hz, corresponding to the repetition rate of the waveform. In a situation like this, the percept at 200 Hz is commonly referred to as the missing fundamental, which is often the greatest common divisor of the frequencies present.

Question: The pitch of complex tones can be?


Answer: two

Question: A complex tone is composed of how many waves?


Answer: the missing fundamental

Question: The percept at 200 Hz is commonly referred to as?


Answer: divisor of the frequencies present

Question: the percept at 200 Hz is commonly referred to as the missing fundamental, which is often?


Answer: the tone's frequency content

Context: The just-noticeable difference (jnd) (the threshold at which a change is perceived) depends on the tone's frequency content. Below 500 Hz, the jnd is about 3 Hz for sine waves, and 1 Hz for complex tones; above 1000 Hz, the jnd for sine waves is about 0.6% (about 10 cents). The jnd is typically tested by playing two tones in quick succession with the listener asked if there was a difference in their pitches. The jnd becomes smaller if the two tones are played simultaneously as the listener is then able to discern beat frequencies. The total number of perceptible pitch steps in the range of human hearing is about 1,400; the total number of notes in the equal-tempered scale, from 16 to 16,000 Hz, is 120.

Question: The just-noticeable difference, at which a change is perceived depends on what?


Answer: playing two tones in quick succession

Question: The jnd is typically tested by?


Answer: 1,400

Question: What is the range of perceptible pitch steps to human hearing?


Answer: snare drum

Context: It is still possible for two sounds of indefinite pitch to clearly be higher or lower than one another. For instance, a snare drum sounds higher pitched than a bass drum though both have indefinite pitch, because its sound contains higher frequencies. In other words, it is possible and often easy to roughly discern the relative pitches of two sounds of indefinite pitch, but sounds of indefinite pitch do not neatly correspond to any specific pitch. A special type of pitch often occurs in free nature when sound reaches the ear of an observer directly from the source, and also after reflecting off a sound-reflecting surface. This phenomenon is called repetition pitch, because the addition of a true repetition of the original sound to itself is the basic prerequisite.

Question: Which drum has a higher perceived pitch even though they both have indefinite pitch?


Answer: the addition of a true repetition of the original sound

Question: Repetition pitch is caused by what phenomenon?


Answer: indefinite pitch

Question: It is possible and often easy to roughly discern the relative pitches of two sounds of what?


Answer: spelling

Context: For example, one might refer to the A above middle C as a', A4, or 440 Hz. In standard Western equal temperament, the notion of pitch is insensitive to "spelling": the description "G4 double sharp" refers to the same pitch as A4; in other temperaments, these may be distinct pitches. Human perception of musical intervals is approximately logarithmic with respect to fundamental frequency: the perceived interval between the pitches "A220" and "A440" is the same as the perceived interval between the pitches A440 and A880. Motivated by this logarithmic perception, music theorists sometimes represent pitches using a numerical scale based on the logarithm of fundamental frequency. For example, one can adopt the widely used MIDI standard to map fundamental frequency, f, to a real number, p, as follows

Question: The notion of pitch is insensitive to what?


Answer: A4

Question: The description "G4 double sharp" refers to the same pitch as what?


Answer: logarithmic

Question: Human perception of musical intervals is approximately what?


Answer: numerical

Question: Music theorist represent pitches using what kind of scale?


Answer: autocorrelation of action potentials in the auditory nerve

Context: Temporal theories offer an alternative that appeals to the temporal structure of action potentials, mostly the phase-locking and mode-locking of action potentials to frequencies in a stimulus. The precise way this temporal structure helps code for pitch at higher levels is still debated, but the processing seems to be based on an autocorrelation of action potentials in the auditory nerve. However, it has long been noted that a neural mechanism that may accomplish a delay—a necessary operation of a true autocorrelation—has not been found. At least one model shows that a temporal delay is unnecessary to produce an autocorrelation model of pitch perception, appealing to phase shifts between cochlear filters; however, earlier work has shown that certain sounds with a prominent peak in their autocorrelation function do not elicit a corresponding pitch percept, and that certain sounds without a peak in their autocorrelation function nevertheless elicit a pitch. To be a more complete model, autocorrelation must therefore apply to signals that represent the output of the cochlea, as via auditory-nerve interspike-interval histograms. Some theories of pitch perception hold that pitch has inherent octave ambiguities, and therefore is best decomposed into a pitch chroma, a periodic value around the octave, like the note names in western music—and a pitch height, which may be ambiguous, that indicates the octave the pitch is in.

Question: The precise way this temporal structure helps code for pitch at higher levels is based on what?


Answer: unnecessary

Question: Is a temporal delay necessary to produce an autocorrelation model of pitch perception?


Answer: ambiguities

Question: Pitch perception has inherent octave what?


Answer: 1189

Context: The motif of the England national football team has three lions passant guardant, the emblem of King Richard I, who reigned from 1189 to 1199. The lions, often blue, have had minor changes to colour and appearance. Initially topped by a crown, this was removed in 1949 when the FA was given an official coat of arms by the College of Arms; this introduced ten Tudor roses, one for each of the regional branches of the FA. Since 2003, England top their logo with a star to recognise their World Cup win in 1966; this was first embroidered onto the left sleeve of the home kit, and a year later was moved to its current position, first on the away shirt.

Question: When did King Richard I begin his reign?


Answer: lions

Question: Which animal is the main motif of England's national football team?


Answer: a crown

Question: What type of headgear originally appeared on the lions' heads on England's national football team motif?


Answer: 1949

Question: In which year was the FA given an official coat of arms by the College of Arms?


Answer: 1966

Question: Since 2003, England has topped their logo with a star to recognize their World Cup win in which year?


Answer: blue

Context: Although England's first away kits were blue, England's traditional away colours are red shirts, white shorts and red socks. In 1996, England's away kit was changed to grey shirts, shorts and socks. This kit was only worn three times, including against Germany in the semi-final of Euro 96 but the deviation from the traditional red was unpopular with supporters and the England away kit remained red until 2011, when a navy blue away kit was introduced. The away kit is also sometimes worn during home matches, when a new edition has been released to promote it.

Question: What color were England's first away kits?


Answer: red

Question: What color are the socks traditionally worn in England's away kits?


Answer: grey

Question: Three times in 1996, England wore what color socks in their away kits instead of the traditional red socks?


Answer: navy blue

Question: In 2011, England introduced a new away kit in what color?


Answer: home matches

Question: When a new edition of England's away kit has been introduced, the kit is sometimes worn during what type of matches?


Answer: 2014

Context: England failed to qualify for the World Cup in 1974, 1978 and 1994. The team's earliest exit in the competition itself was its elimination in the first round in 1950, 1958 and most recently in the 2014 FIFA World Cup, after being defeated in both their opening two matches for the first time, versus Italy and Uruguay in Group D. In 1950, four teams remained after the first round, in 1958 eight teams remained and in 2014 sixteen teams remained. In 2010, England suffered its most resounding World Cup defeat (4–1 to Germany) in the Round of 16, after drawing with the United States and Algeria and defeating Slovenia 1–0 in the group stage.

Question: In what year was England most recently eliminated from FIFA World Cup contention?


Answer: Uruguay

Question: In 2014, England was eliminated from the World Cup after being defeated by Italy and which other team?


Answer: 1974, 1978 and 1994

Question: In which three years did England fail to qualify for the World Cup?


Answer: sixteen

Question: After the first round of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, how many teams remained in contention?


Answer: 4–1

Question: What was the final score when, in 2010, England lost to Germany in the Round of 16 of the FIFA World Cup?


Answer: 1949

Context: Their first ever defeat on home soil to a foreign team was an 0–2 loss to the Republic of Ireland, on 21 September 1949 at Goodison Park. A 6–3 loss in 1953 to Hungary, was their second defeat by a foreign team at Wembley. In the return match in Budapest, Hungary won 7–1. This still stands as England's worst ever defeat. After the game, a bewildered Syd Owen said, "it was like playing men from outer space". In the 1954 FIFA World Cup, England reached the quarter-finals for the first time, and lost 4–2 to reigning champions Uruguay.

Question: In what year did England suffer their first defeat at home to a foreign team?


Answer: 7–1

Question: What was the final score of England's worst ever defeat?


Answer: 1954

Question: In what year did England reach the quarter-finals of the FIFA World Cup for the first time?


Answer: Syd Owen

Question: To whom is the quote "it was like playing men from outer space" attributed?


Answer: Uruguay

Question: After reaching the FIFA World Cup quarter-finals for the first time, to whom did England lose with a final score of 4-2?


Answer: 2012

Context: In February 2012, Capello resigned from his role as England manager, following a disagreement with the FA over their request to remove John Terry from team captaincy after accusations of racial abuse concerning the player. Following this, there was media speculation that Harry Redknapp would take the job. However, on 1 May 2012, Roy Hodgson was announced as the new manager, just six weeks before UEFA Euro 2012. England managed to finish top of their group, winning two and drawing one of their fixtures, but exited the Championships in the quarter-finals via a penalty shoot-out, this time to Italy.

Question: In what year did Capello resign as England's football manager?


Answer: John Terry

Question: Capello resigned as England's football manager after a dispute over removing which player from team captaincy?


Answer: Roy Hodgson

Question: Who became the new manager of England's football team in May of 2012?


Answer: the quarter-finals

Question: In which round of UEFA Euro 2012 was England eliminated?


Answer: Italy

Question: A defeat by which team ultimately eliminated England from UEFA Euro 2012?


Answer: The Football Association

Context: The England national football team represents England and the Crown Dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man for football matches as part of FIFA-authorised events, and is controlled by The Football Association, the governing body for football in England. England are one of the two oldest national teams in football; alongside Scotland, whom they played in the world's first international football match in 1872. England's home ground is Wembley Stadium, London, and the current team manager is Roy Hodgson.

Question: Which governing body controls the England national football team?


Answer: Scotland

Question: Which other team, besides England, is one of the two oldest national teams in football?


Answer: 1872

Question: In what year did England and Scotland play the world's first international football match?


Answer: Wembley Stadium

Question: What is the name of England's home field in London?


Answer: Roy Hodgson

Question: Who is the current team manager of England's football team?


Answer: 1906

Context: To begin with, England had no permanent home stadium. They joined FIFA in 1906 and played their first ever games against countries other than the Home Nations on a tour of Central Europe in 1908. Wembley Stadium was opened in 1923 and became their home ground. The relationship between England and FIFA became strained, and this resulted in their departure from FIFA in 1928, before they rejoined in 1946. As a result, they did not compete in a World Cup until 1950, in which they were beaten in a 1–0 defeat by the United States, failing to get past the first round in one of the most embarrassing defeats in the team's history.

Question: In which year did England join FIFA?


Answer: 1908

Question: England played against countries besides the Home Nations for the first time in what year?


Answer: 1946

Question: England left FIFA in 1928 and ultimately rejoined in what year?


Answer: 1950

Question: What was the first year after England left and rejoined FIFA in which they played in a World Cup?


Answer: 1923

Question: In what year did Wembley Stadium open?


Answer: third place

Context: England is quite a successful nation at the UEFA European Football Championship, having finished in third place in 1968 and reached the semi-final in 1996. England hosted Euro 96 and have appeared in eight UEFA European Championship Finals tournaments, tied for ninth-best. The team has also reached the quarter-final on two recent occasions in 2004 and 2012. The team's worst result in the competition was a first-round elimination in 1980, 1988, 1992 and 2000. The team did not enter in 1960, and they failed to qualify in 1964, 1972, 1976, 1984, and 2008.

Question: In which place did England finish in the UEFA European Football Championship in 1968?


Answer: eight

Question: In how many UEFA European Championship Finals has England competed?


Answer: tied for ninth-best

Question: Where does England rank in terms of the number of UEFA European Football Championship appearances?


Answer: 1980, 1988, 1992 and 2000

Question: In what four years was England eliminated from the UEFA European Championship in the first round?


Answer: 1964, 1972, 1976, 1984, and 2008

Question: In which five years did England fail to qualify for the UEFA European Championship?


Answer: West Germany

Context: England qualified for the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico as reigning champions, and reached the quarter-finals, where they were knocked out by West Germany. England had been 2–0 up, but were eventually beaten 3–2 after extra time. They failed in qualification for the 1974, leading to Ramsey's dismissal, and 1978 FIFA World Cups. Under Ron Greenwood, they managed to qualify for the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain (the first time competitively since 1962); despite not losing a game, they were eliminated in the second group stage.

Question: A defeat by which team eliminated England from the 1970 FIFA World Cup?


Answer: 3–2

Question: What was the final score of England's last match of the 1970 FIFA World Cup?


Answer: 1974

Question: In which year did England fail to qualify for the FIFA World Cup resulting in Ramsey's dismissal?


Answer: Mexico

Question: Where did the 1970 FIFA World Cup take place?


Answer: Spain

Question: Where did the 1982 FIFA World Cup take place?


Answer: Sven-Göran Eriksson

Context: Sven-Göran Eriksson took charge of the team between 2001 and 2006, and was the first non–English manager of England. Despite controversial press coverage of his personal life, Eriksson was consistently popular with the majority of fans.[citation needed] He guided England to the quarter-finals of the 2002 FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro 2004, and the 2006 FIFA World Cup. He lost only five competitive matches during his tenure, and England rose to an No.4 world ranking under his guidance. His contract was extended by the Football Association by two years, to include UEFA Euro 2008. However, it was terminated by them at the 2006 FIFA World Cup's conclusion.

Question: Who was the first non-English person to manage England's football team?


Answer: five

Question: How many competitive matches were lost under the tenure of manager Sven-Göran Eriksson?


Answer: No.4

Question: What was the highest world ranking achieved by England under management by Sven-Göran Eriksson?


Answer: 2006

Question: In what year was the contract of Sven-Göran Eriksson terminated?


Answer: 2001

Question: In what year did Sven-Göran Eriksson become the manager of England's football team?


Answer: BBC Radio 5 Live

Context: All England matches are broadcast with full commentary on BBC Radio 5 Live. From the 2008–09 season until the 2017–18 season, England's home and away qualifiers, and friendlies both home and away are broadcast live on ITV (often with the exception of STV, the ITV affiliate in central and northern Scotland). England's away qualifiers for the 2010 World Cup were shown on Setanta Sports until that company's collapse. As a result of Setanta Sports's demise, England's World Cup qualifier in Ukraine on 10 October 2009 was shown in the United Kingdom on a pay-per-view basis via the internet only. This one-off event was the first time an England game had been screened in such a way. The number of subscribers, paying between £4.99 and £11.99 each, was estimated at between 250,000 and 300,000 and the total number of viewers at around 500,000.

Question: Commentated broadcasts of all England matches air on what network?


Answer: 2008–09

Question: What was the first season in which England's qualifiers and friendlies were broadcast on ITV?


Answer: STV

Question: What network is ITV's affiliate in northern and central Scotland?


Answer: 2009

Question: In what year was an England football match aired only via the internet for the first time?


Answer: 500,000

Question: Approximately how many total viewers watched the England World Cup qualifier on the internet on 10 October 2009?


Answer: 14

Context: England first appeared at the 1950 FIFA World Cup and have appeared in 14 FIFA World Cups, they are tied for sixth-best in terms of number of wins alongside France and Spain. The national team is one of eight national teams to have won at least one FIFA World Cup title. The England team won their first and only World Cup title in 1966. The tournament was played on home soil and England defeated Germany 4–2 in the final. In 1990, England finished in fourth place, losing 2–1 to host nation Italy in the third place play-off after losing on penalties to champions Germany in the semi-final. The team has also reached the quarter-final on two recent occasions in 2002 and 2006. Previously, they reached this stage in 1954, 1962, 1970 and 1986.

Question: In how many FIFA world cups has England appeared?


Answer: Spain

Question: Besides France, which other team is tied with England for number of appearances in the FIFA World Cup?


Answer: 1966

Question: In which year did England win the FIFA World Cup for the first and only time?


Answer: fourth

Question: In what place did England finish in the 1990 FIFA World Cup?


Answer: Italy

Question: Which country hosted the 1990 FIFA World Cup?


Answer: New York

Context: In August 1836, two real estate entrepreneurs—Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen—from New York, purchased 6,642 acres (26.88 km2) of land along Buffalo Bayou with the intent of founding a city. The Allen brothers decided to name the city after Sam Houston, the popular general at the Battle of San Jacinto, who was elected President of Texas in September 1836. The great majority of slaves in Texas came with their owners from the older slave states. Sizable numbers, however, came through the domestic slave trade. New Orleans was the center of this trade in the Deep South, but there were slave dealers in Houston. Thousands of enslaved African-Americans lived near the city before the Civil War. Many of them near the city worked on sugar and cotton plantations, while most of those in the city limits had domestic and artisan jobs. In 1860 forty-nine percent of the city's population was enslaved. A few slaves, perhaps as many as 2,000 between 1835 and 1865, came through the illegal African trade. Post-war Texas grew rapidly as migrants poured into the cotton lands of the state. They also brought or purchased enslaved African Americans, whose numbers nearly tripled in the state from 1850 to 1860, from 58,000 to 182,566.

Question: Where were Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen from?


Answer: 6,642

Question: How many acres of land did Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen purchase in 1836?


Answer: founding a city

Question: What was the reason the Allen brothers purchased land in 1836?


Answer: Sam Houston

Question: Who did the Allen brothers name the city they founded after?


Answer: 1836

Question: In what year was Sam Houston elected President of Texas?


Answer: Allen brothers

Question: Who bought land along Buffalo Bayou to build a city?


Answer: 6,642 acres

Question: How much land did the Allen brothers buy?


Answer: Sam Houston

Question: After which famous general was the city named?


Answer: forty-nine percent

Question: In 1860 what percentage of the city's population was slaves?


Answer: tripled

Question: How much did the slave population of Houston increase from 1850 to 1860?


Answer: World War II

Context: When World War II started, tonnage levels at the port decreased and shipping activities were suspended; however, the war did provide economic benefits for the city. Petrochemical refineries and manufacturing plants were constructed along the ship channel because of the demand for petroleum and synthetic rubber products by the defense industry during the war. Ellington Field, initially built during World War I, was revitalized as an advanced training center for bombardiers and navigators. The Brown Shipbuilding Company was founded in 1942 to build ships for the U.S. Navy during World War II. Due to the boom in defense jobs, thousands of new workers migrated to the city, both blacks and whites competing for the higher-paying jobs. President Roosevelt had established a policy of non-discrimination for defense contractors, and blacks gained some opportunities, especially in shipbuilding, although not without resistance from whites and increasing social tensions that erupted into occasional violence. Economic gains of blacks who entered defense industries continued in the postwar years.

Question: What event cause shipping activities to be suspended?


Answer: petroleum and synthetic rubber products

Question: Petrochemical refineries and manufacturing plants were built due to the demand for what items during the war?


Answer: during World War I

Question: When was Ellington Field built?


Answer: 1942

Question: When was the Brown Shipbuilding Company founded?


Answer: non-discrimination for defense contractors

Question: What was the policy created by President Roosevelt due to the boom in defense jobs?


Answer: Petrochemical

Question: What kind of refineries were built along the Houston ship channel?


Answer: petroleum and synthetic rubber

Question: To fill what type of demand were refineries built?


Answer: World War II

Question: What world event caused this increased need for petrochemicals?


Answer: defense jobs

Question: Why did thousands of new workers flock to Houston?


Answer: President Roosevelt

Question: Which president created a policy of non-discrimination for defense contractors?


Answer: 1986

Context: One wave of the population boom ended abruptly in the mid-1980s, as oil prices fell precipitously. The space industry also suffered in 1986 after the Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated shortly after launch. There was a cutback in some activities for a period. In the late 1980s, the city's economy suffered from the nationwide recession. After the early 1990s recession, Houston made efforts to diversify its economy by focusing on aerospace and health care/biotechnology, and reduced its dependence on the petroleum industry. Since the increase of oil prices in the 2000s, the petroleum industry has again increased its share of the local economy.

Question: In what year did the space shuttle Challenger explode after launch?


Answer: the nationwide recession

Question: Why did Houston's economy have problems in the late 1980's?


Answer: reduced its dependence on the petroleum industry

Question: In the 1990's, what is something Houston did to try to diversify it's economy?


Answer: the increase of oil prices in the 2000s

Question: The petroleum industry has become a larger part of Houston's economy again for what reason?


Answer: oil prices fell

Question: What caused population growth to decline in the 1980s?


Answer: 2000s

Question: When did Houston begin to regain its dependence on the oil industry?


Answer: aerospace and health care

Question: What did Houston focus on after the 1990s recession to improve its economy?


Answer: late 1980s

Question: When did Houston suffer an economic decline?


Answer: Space Shuttle Challenger

Question: Which shuttle disintegrated in 1986 to cause a decline in the space industry?


Answer: unconsolidated clays, clay shales, and poorly cemented sands

Context: Underpinning Houston's land surface are unconsolidated clays, clay shales, and poorly cemented sands up to several miles deep. The region's geology developed from river deposits formed from the erosion of the Rocky Mountains. These sediments consist of a series of sands and clays deposited on decaying organic marine matter, that over time, transformed into oil and natural gas. Beneath the layers of sediment is a water-deposited layer of halite, a rock salt. The porous layers were compressed over time and forced upward. As it pushed upward, the salt dragged surrounding sediments into salt dome formations, often trapping oil and gas that seeped from the surrounding porous sands. The thick, rich, sometimes black, surface soil is suitable for rice farming in suburban outskirts where the city continues to grow.

Question: What materials are underpinning the land surface of Houston?


Answer: Rocky Mountains

Question: Houston's geology was formed from river deposits from the erosion of what mountains?


Answer: oil and natural gas

Question: The sand and clay deposited onto decaying marine matter transformed into what?


Answer: a rock salt

Question: What is halite?


Answer: rice farming

Question: What type of farming is Houston's surface soil good for?


Answer: clays

Question: Besides sands, what are the foundations of Houston's land?


Answer: several miles

Question: How deep are the clay and sands foundations of Houston?


Answer: erosion of the Rocky Mountains

Question: What geological event caused the foundations of the land beneath Houston?


Answer: rice

Question: What agricultural crop was farmed in the rich soils on the outlying areas of Houston?


Answer: oil and natural gas

Question: What did the decaying organics under the clay and sand deposits later form?


Answer: mid-rise office structures

Context: In the 1960s, Downtown Houston consisted of a collection of mid-rise office structures. Downtown was on the threshold of an energy industry–led boom in 1970. A succession of skyscrapers were built throughout the 1970s—many by real estate developer Gerald D. Hines—culminating with Houston's tallest skyscraper, the 75-floor, 1,002-foot (305 m)-tall JPMorgan Chase Tower (formerly the Texas Commerce Tower), completed in 1982. It is the tallest structure in Texas, 15th tallest building in the United States, and the 85th tallest skyscraper in the world, based on highest architectural feature. In 1983, the 71-floor, 992-foot (302 m)-tall Wells Fargo Plaza (formerly Allied Bank Plaza) was completed, becoming the second-tallest building in Houston and Texas. Based on highest architectural feature, it is the 17th tallest in the United States and the 95th tallest in the world. In 2007, downtown Houston had over 43 million square feet (4,000,000 m²) of office space.

Question: Downtown Houston consisted of what type of building in the 1960's?


Answer: throughout the 1970s

Question: When were skyscrapers first built in Houston?


Answer: JPMorgan Chase Tower

Question: What is the tallest building in Texas?


Answer: 1,002-foot

Question: How tall is the JP Morgan Chase Tower?


Answer: Wells Fargo Plaza

Question: What is the second tallest building in Houston?


Answer: Gerald D. Hines

Question: In the 1970 s what developer built high rises in downtown Houston?


Answer: JPMorgan Chase Tower

Question: What was the highest building in Houston completed in 1982?


Answer: Texas Commerce Tower

Question: What was the original name of the JP Morgan Chase Tower?


Answer: tallest structure in Texas

Question: What is the Chase Tower rated as in height in Texas?


Answer: 43 million square feet

Question: By 2007 how many square feet of office space did Houston have?


Answer: Best Places for Business and Careers

Context: In 2006, the Houston metropolitan area ranked first in Texas and third in the U.S. within the Category of "Best Places for Business and Careers" by Forbes magazine. Foreign governments have established 92 consular offices in Houston's metropolitan area, the third highest in the nation. Forty foreign governments maintain trade and commercial offices here and 23 active foreign chambers of commerce and trade associations. Twenty-five foreign banks representing 13 nations operate in Houston, providing financial assistance to the international community.

Question: Houston ranked 3rd in which category by Forbes magazine in 2006?


Answer: 92

Question: How many offices have been established in Houston by foreign governments?


Answer: Forty

Question: How many foreign governments maintain trade and commercial offices in Houston?


Answer: Twenty-five

Question: How many foreign banks operate in Houston?


Answer: 13

Question: How many nations do the 25 foreign banks operating in Houston represent?


Answer: 2006

Question: When did the Houston area rank first in Texas for business?


Answer: third in the U.S

Question: How did Houston rank in the U.S. for business?


Answer: 92

Question: How many consular offices does Houston have?


Answer: Forty

Question: How many foreign countries have trade offices in Houston?


Answer: 13

Question: How many nations do the twenty-five foreign banks represent?


Answer: Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo

Context: Many annual events celebrate the diverse cultures of Houston. The largest and longest running is the annual Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, held over 20 days from early to late March, is the largest annual livestock show and rodeo in the world. Another large celebration is the annual night-time Houston Pride Parade, held at the end of June. Other annual events include the Houston Greek Festival, Art Car Parade, the Houston Auto Show, the Houston International Festival, and the Bayou City Art Festival, which is considered to be one of the top five art festivals in the United States.

Question: What is the largest annual event held in Houston?


Answer: 20 days

Question: How long does the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo last?


Answer: the end of June

Question: When is the annual Houston Pride Parade held?


Answer: Houston Greek Festival, Art Car Parade, the Houston Auto Show, the Houston International Festival, and the Bayou City Art Festival

Question: What is some other annual events held in Houston?


Answer: the Bayou City Art Festival

Question: What art festival held in Houston is one of the top 5 in the US?


Answer: Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo

Question: What event is the longest running in Houston?


Answer: March

Question: When is the Houston Livestock show and Rodeo held?


Answer: end of June

Question: When is the Houston Pride Parade held?


Answer: Art Car Parade

Question: What form of car parade is held in Houston?


Answer: one of the top five

Question: Where does the Bayou City Art Festival rank in U.S. art festivals?


Answer: parks and green space

Context: Of the 10 most populous U.S. cities, Houston has the most total area of parks and green space, 56,405 acres (228 km2). The city also has over 200 additional green spaces—totaling over 19,600 acres (79 km2) that are managed by the city—including the Houston Arboretum and Nature Center. The Lee and Joe Jamail Skatepark is a public skatepark owned and operated by the city of Houston, and is one of the largest skateparks in Texas consisting of 30,000 (2,800 m2) square foot in-ground facility. The Gerald D. Hines Waterwall Park—located in the Uptown District of the city—serves as a popular tourist attraction, weddings, and various celebrations. A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Houston the 23rd most walkable of the 50 largest cities in the United States. Wet'n'Wild SplashTown is a water park located north of Houston.

Question: What does Houston have the most of compared to other large US cities?


Answer: 19,600

Question: How many acres of land does Houston's green spaces cover?


Answer: the city

Question: Who manages Houston's green spaces?


Answer: The Lee and Joe Jamail Skatepark

Question: What is one of the largest skate parks in Texas?


Answer: Walk Score

Question: Who ranked Houston the 23rd most walkable of the 50 largest cities in the US?


Answer: 56,405 acres

Question: How many acres of parks does Houston have?


Answer: Joe Jamail

Question: After whom is the Houston skate park named?


Answer: city of Houston

Question: Who owns and runs the skate park in Houston?


Answer: Gerald D. Hines

Question: For whom was the Uptown District water park in Houston named?


Answer: 23rd

Question: How does Houston rank as a walkable city?


Answer: Sylvester Turner

Context: The city of Houston has a strong mayoral form of municipal government. Houston is a home rule city and all municipal elections in the state of Texas are nonpartisan. The City's elected officials are the mayor, city controller and 16 members of the Houston City Council. The current mayor of Houston is Sylvester Turner, a Democrat elected on a nonpartisan ballot. Houston's mayor serves as the city's chief administrator, executive officer, and official representative, and is responsible for the general management of the city and for seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced.

Question: Who is the current mayor of Houston?


Answer: strong mayoral form of municipal government

Question: What form of government does Houston have?


Answer: the mayor, city controller and 16 members of the Houston City Council

Question: Who are Houston's elected officials?


Answer: the city's chief administrator, executive officer, and official representative

Question: What does Houston's mayor also serve as?


Answer: seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced

Question: Besides the general management of the city, Houston's mayor is also responsible for what?


Answer: strong mayoral

Question: What is the form of city government in Houston?


Answer: nonpartisan

Question: What type of municipal elections are held in Texas?


Answer: 16

Question: Besides the mayor and controller, how many members are there on the city council?


Answer: Sylvester Turner

Question: Who is the mayor of Houston since the last election?


Answer: Democrat

Question: To what political party is Mayor Turner aligned?


Answer: KUHT (HoustonPBS)

Context: The Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area is served by one public television station and two public radio stations. KUHT (HoustonPBS) is a PBS member station and is the first public television station in the United States. Houston Public Radio is listener-funded and comprises two NPR member stations: KUHF (KUHF News) and KUHA (Classical 91.7). KUHF is news/talk radio and KUHA is a classical music station. The University of Houston System owns and holds broadcasting licenses to KUHT, KUHF, and KUHA. The stations broadcast from the Melcher Center for Public Broadcasting, located on the campus of the University of Houston.

Question: What was the first public television station in the US?


Answer: listener-funded

Question: How is Houston Public Radio funded?


Answer: two NPR member stations

Question: Houston Public Radio us comprised of how many stations?


Answer: KUHF (KUHF News) and KUHA (Classical 91.7)

Question: What stations comprise Houston Public Radio?


Answer: The University of Houston

Question: Who owns the KUHT, KUHF, and KUHA stations?


Answer: KUHT

Question: Which of Houston's television stations was the first public television station in the U.S.?


Answer: news/talk radio

Question: What kind of radio station is KUHF?


Answer: classical music

Question: What type of radio station is KUHA?


Answer: University of Houston

Question: Where is the Melcher Center located?


Answer: Melcher Center for Public Broadcasting

Question: From what building do the two public radio stations broadcast?


Answer: in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico

Context: Houston (i/ˈhjuːstən/ HYOO-stən) is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth most populous city in the United States, located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million people, within a land area of 599.6 square miles (1,553 km2), it also is the largest city in the Southern United States, as well as the seat of Harris County. It is the principal city of Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land, which is the fifth most populated metropolitan area in the United States.

Question: Where is Houston located?


Answer: fourth

Question: Where is Houston ranked among the most populous cities in the US?


Answer: 2.239 million people

Question: What was the population of Houston in 2014?


Answer: Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land

Question: What is the fifth most populated metropolitan area in the US?


Answer: Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land

Question: What is Houston the principle city of?


Answer: Houston

Question: What is the most populous city in Texas?


Answer: fourth

Question: How does Houston rank as to population in the U.S.?


Answer: 2.239 million

Question: According to the 2014 census, how many people live in Houston?


Answer: Harris County

Question: Houston is located in which Texas county?


Answer: 599.6 square miles

Question: What is the land are of the City of Houston?


Answer: cotton

Context: By 1860, Houston had emerged as a commercial and railroad hub for the export of cotton. Railroad spurs from the Texas inland converged in Houston, where they met rail lines to the ports of Galveston and Beaumont. During the American Civil War, Houston served as a headquarters for General John Bankhead Magruder, who used the city as an organization point for the Battle of Galveston. After the Civil War, Houston businessmen initiated efforts to widen the city's extensive system of bayous so the city could accept more commerce between downtown and the nearby port of Galveston. By 1890, Houston was the railroad center of Texas.

Question: What commodity was Houston known for in 1860?


Answer: rail lines

Question: What type of roads converged in Houston?


Answer: General John Bankhead Magruder

Question: Which Civil War general used Houston as a headquarters?


Answer: Battle of Galveston

Question: For what battle was Houston used as an organization point ?


Answer: railroad center of Texas

Question: What was Houston known for by 1890?


Answer: Hurricane Rita

Context: In August 2005, Houston became a shelter to more than 150,000 people from New Orleans who evacuated from Hurricane Katrina. One month later, approximately 2.5 million Houston area residents evacuated when Hurricane Rita approached the Gulf Coast, leaving little damage to the Houston area. This was the largest urban evacuation in the history of the United States. In September 2008, Houston was hit by Hurricane Ike. As many as forty percent refused to leave Galveston Island because they feared the traffic problems that happened after Hurricane Rita.

Question: What event caused 2.5 million people to evacuate through Houston?


Answer: largest urban evacuation

Question: The evacuation of the Gulf coast before Hurricane Rita was what type of evacuation?


Answer: 150,000

Question: How many people evacuated to Houston after Hurricane Katrina?


Answer: forty percent

Question: Fearing traffic problems, how many people refused to leave Galveston before Hurricane Ike?


Answer: September 2008

Question: When did Hurricane Ike hit the Houston area?


Answer: Houston

Context: Though Houston is the largest city in the United States without formal zoning regulations, it has developed similarly to other Sun Belt cities because the city's land use regulations and legal covenants have played a similar role. Regulations include mandatory lot size for single-family houses and requirements that parking be available to tenants and customers. Such restrictions have had mixed results. Though some have blamed the city's low density, urban sprawl, and lack of pedestrian-friendliness on these policies, the city's land use has also been credited with having significant affordable housing, sparing Houston the worst effects of the 2008 real estate crisis. The city issued 42,697 building permits in 2008 and was ranked first in the list of healthiest housing markets for 2009.

Question: What is the largest city in the U.S. without formal zoning?


Answer: mandatory lot size

Question: Besides parking requirements, what land use regulations does Houston have?


Answer: affordable housing

Question: What is Houston's land use policies credited with producing?


Answer: real estate crisis

Question: What serious situation of 2008 was Houston spared?


Answer: 42,697

Question: How many building permits were issued in 2008 in Houston?


Answer: oilfield equipment

Context: The Houston area is a leading center for building oilfield equipment. Much of its success as a petrochemical complex is due to its busy ship channel, the Port of Houston. In the United States, the port ranks first in international commerce and tenth among the largest ports in the world. Unlike most places, high oil and gasoline prices are beneficial for Houston's economy, as many of its residents are employed in the energy industry. Houston is the beginning or end point of numerous oil, gas, and products pipelines:

Question: Of what is Houston a center?


Answer: petrochemical complex

Question: What has the Houston ship channel served to promote into success?


Answer: first

Question: Where does the Port of Houston rank in international commerce?


Answer: tenth

Question: Where does Houston rate in the size ranking of world ports?


Answer: pipelines

Question: What lines begin or end in Houston?


Answer: Houston Theater District

Context: The Houston Theater District, located downtown, is home to nine major performing arts organizations and six performance halls. It is the second-largest concentration of theater seats in a downtown area in the United States. Houston is one of few United States cities with permanent, professional, resident companies in all major performing arts disciplines: opera (Houston Grand Opera), ballet (Houston Ballet), music (Houston Symphony Orchestra), and theater (The Alley Theatre). Houston is also home to folk artists, art groups and various small progressive arts organizations. Houston attracts many touring Broadway acts, concerts, shows, and exhibitions for a variety of interests. Facilities in the Theater District include the Jones Hall—home of the Houston Symphony Orchestra and Society for the Performing Arts—and the Hobby Center for the Performing Arts.

Question: What area of Houston hosts performing arts?


Answer: theater seats

Question: Of what is Houston second in performing arts?


Answer: Hobby Center for the Performing Arts

Question: Besides Jones Hall, what other organization is housed in the Theater District?


Answer: major performing arts

Question: To what type of arts is Houston home?


Answer: Houston Symphony Orchestra

Question: To what group is Jones Hall home?


Answer: 17-block area

Context: The Theater District is a 17-block area in the center of downtown Houston that is home to the Bayou Place entertainment complex, restaurants, movies, plazas, and parks. Bayou Place is a large multilevel building containing full-service restaurants, bars, live music, billiards, and Sundance Cinema. The Bayou Music Center stages live concerts, stage plays, and stand-up comedy. Space Center Houston is the official visitors' center of NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. The Space Center has many interactive exhibits including moon rocks, a shuttle simulator, and presentations about the history of NASA's manned space flight program. Other tourist attractions include the Galleria (Texas's largest shopping mall, located in the Uptown District), Old Market Square, the Downtown Aquarium, and Sam Houston Race Park.

Question: How much area of downtown Houston does the Theater District cover?


Answer: Bayou Music Center

Question: What place produces live concerts, plays and comedy?


Answer: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center

Question: Where is Space Center Houston?


Answer: interactive exhibits

Question: What tourist offerings does the Space Center have?


Answer: shopping mall

Question: What is the Galleria the largest of in Texas?


Answer: BBVA Compass Stadium

Context: Minute Maid Park (home of the Astros) and Toyota Center (home of the Rockets), are located in downtown Houston. Houston has the NFL's first retractable-roof stadium with natural grass, NRG Stadium (home of the Texans). Minute Maid Park is also a retractable-roof stadium. Toyota Center also has the largest screen for an indoor arena in the United States built to coincide with the arena's hosting of the 2013 NBA All-Star Game. BBVA Compass Stadium is a soccer-specific stadium for the Dynamo, the Texas Southern University football team, and Dash, located in East Downtown. In addition, NRG Astrodome was the first indoor stadium in the world, built in 1965. Other sports facilities include Hofheinz Pavilion (Houston Cougars basketball), Rice Stadium (Rice Owls football), and Reliant Arena. TDECU Stadium is where the University of Houston Houston Cougars football team plays. Houston has hosted several major sports events: the 1968, 1986 and 2004 Major League Baseball All-Star Games; the 1989, 2006 and 2013 NBA All-Star Games; Super Bowl VIII and Super Bowl XXXVIII, as well as hosting the 2005 World Series and 1981, 1986, 1994 and 1995 NBA Finals, winning the latter two. Super Bowl LI is currently slated to be hosted in NRG Stadium in 2017.

Question: Which stadium is located in east downtown in Houston?


Answer: downtown

Question: Where in Houston is the Toyota Center located?


Answer: NRG Astrodome

Question: What was the first indoor stadium in the world?


Answer: NRG Stadium

Question: What is the home of the Texans named?


Answer: Minute Maid Park

Question: What is the name of the stadium that hosts the Houston Astros?


Answer: The University of St. Thomas

Context: Several private institutions of higher learning—ranging from liberal arts colleges, such as The University of St. Thomas, Houston's only Catholic university, to Rice University, the nationally recognized research university—are located within the city. Rice, with a total enrollment of slightly more than 6,000 students, has a number of distinguished graduate programs and research institutes, such as the James A. Baker Institute for Public Policy. Houston Baptist University, affiliated with the Baptist General Convention of Texas, offers bachelor's and graduate degrees. It was founded in 1960 and is located in the Sharpstown area in Southwest Houston.

Question: What is Houston's one Catholic university?


Answer: Rice University

Question: What famous research university is located in Houston?


Answer: 6,000

Question: What is the student enrollment of Rice University?


Answer: 1960

Question: When was Houston Baptist University founded?


Answer: Sharpstown

Question: What area in Houston is the home of the Houston Baptist University?


Answer: Texas Medical Center

Context: Houston is the seat of the internationally renowned Texas Medical Center, which contains the world's largest concentration of research and healthcare institutions. All 49 member institutions of the Texas Medical Center are non-profit organizations. They provide patient and preventive care, research, education, and local, national, and international community well-being. Employing more than 73,600 people, institutions at the medical center include 13 hospitals and two specialty institutions, two medical schools, four nursing schools, and schools of dentistry, public health, pharmacy, and virtually all health-related careers. It is where one of the first—and still the largest—air emergency service, Life Flight, was created, and a very successful inter-institutional transplant program was developed. More heart surgeries are performed at the Texas Medical Center than anywhere else in the world.

Question: Where in Houston is the world's largest grouping of healthcare institutions?


Answer: 49

Question: How many non profit organizations are members of the Medical Center?


Answer: 73,600

Question: How many people are employed in the Texas Medical Center?


Answer: 13

Question: How many hospitals belong to the Medical Center group of organizations?


Answer: Life Flight

Question: What is the name of the first air emergency service?


Answer: Continental Airlines

Context: Houston was the headquarters of Continental Airlines until its 2010 merger with United Airlines with headquarters in Chicago; regulatory approval for the merger was granted in October of that year. Bush Intercontinental became United Airlines' largest airline hub. The airline retained a significant operational presence in Houston while offering more than 700 daily departures from the city. In early 2007, Bush Intercontinental Airport was named a model "port of entry" for international travelers by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

Question: Until 2010, which airline made Houston its headquarters?


Answer: Bush Intercontinental

Question: Where is United Airlines' largest air hub?


Answer: United Airlines

Question: With which airline did Continental Airlines merge?


Answer: 700

Question: How many daily flights did United Airlines offer from Houston?


Answer: 2007

Question: In what year was Bush Intercontinental named a model by U.S. Customs?


Answer: New York City

Context: Houston's economy has a broad industrial base in energy, manufacturing, aeronautics, and transportation. It is also leading in health care sectors and building oilfield equipment; only New York City is home to more Fortune 500 headquarters within its city limits. The Port of Houston ranks first in the United States in international waterborne tonnage handled and second in total cargo tonnage handled. Nicknamed the Space City, Houston is a global city, with strengths in business, international trade, entertainment, culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine and research. The city has a population from various ethnic and religious backgrounds and a large and growing international community. Houston is the most diverse city in Texas and has been described as the most diverse in the United States. It is home to many cultural institutions and exhibits, which attract more than 7 million visitors a year to the Museum District. Houston has an active visual and performing arts scene in the Theater District and offers year-round resident companies in all major performing arts.

Question: What city has more Fortune 500 headquarters than Houston?


Answer: Port of Houston

Question: What part of Houston ranks first in the U.S. in international tonnage?


Answer: Space City

Question: What is Houston's nickname?


Answer: ethnic and religious backgrounds

Question: What is varied about Houston's population?


Answer: Houston

Question: What city is the most diverse in Texas?


Answer: mild winters

Context: Houston has mild winters in contrast to most areas of the United States. In January, the normal mean temperature at Intercontinental Airport is 53.1 °F (11.7 °C), while that station has an average of 13 days with a low at or below freezing. Snowfall is rare. Recent snow events in Houston include a storm on December 24, 2004 when one inch (2.5 cm) of snow accumulated in parts of the metro area. Falls of at least one inch on both December 10, 2008 and December 4, 2009 marked the first time measurable snowfall had occurred in two consecutive years in the city's recorded history. The coldest temperature officially recorded in Houston was 5 °F (−15 °C) on January 18, 1940. Houston has historically received an ample amount of rainfall, averaging about 49.8 in (1,260 mm) annually per 1981–2010 normals. Localized flooding often occurs, owing to the extremely flat topography and widespread typical clay-silt prairie soils, which do not drain quickly.

Question: What kind of winter weather does Houston have?


Answer: 53.1 °F

Question: What is the usual mean temperature in Houston?


Answer: Snowfall

Question: What type of weather is a rarity in Houston?


Answer: January 18, 1940

Question: When was the coldest reported temperature in Houston?


Answer: 49.8 in

Question: How much rain does Houston usually get per year?


Answer: $1.1 billion

Context: The University of Houston System's annual impact on the Houston area's economy equates to that of a major corporation: $1.1 billion in new funds attracted annually to the Houston area, $3.13 billion in total economic benefit and 24,000 local jobs generated. This is in addition to the 12,500 new graduates the U.H. System produces every year who enter the workforce in Houston and throughout the state of Texas. These degree-holders tend to stay in Houston. After five years, 80.5% of graduates are still living and working in the region.

Question: How much money does the University of Houston attract to Houston a year?


Answer: 24,000

Question: How many local jobs are produced by the University of Houston?


Answer: 12,500

Question: How many student graduate from the University of Houston per year?


Answer: in Houston

Question: Where do most university graduates stay after acquiring a degree?


Answer: 80.5%

Question: Even after five years, how many graduates remain in Houston?


Answer: 1836

Context: Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou (now known as Allen's Landing) and incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837. The city was named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas and had commanded and won at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 miles (40 km) east of where the city was established. The burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the city's population. In the mid-twentieth century, Houston became the home of the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, where the Mission Control Center is located.

Question: When was Houston founded?


Answer: Buffalo Bayou

Question: Where is Allen's Landing?


Answer: June 5, 1837

Question: When was the City of Houston incorporated?


Answer: Sam Houston

Question: For whom was Houston named?


Answer: Battle of San Jacinto

Question: For what battle was Sam Houston known as commander?


Answer: South

Context: Located in the American South, Houston is a diverse city with a large and growing international community. The metropolitan area is home to an estimated 1.1 million (21.4 percent) residents who were born outside the United States, with nearly two-thirds of the area's foreign-born population from south of the United States–Mexico border. Additionally, more than one in five foreign-born residents are from Asia. The city is home to the nation's third-largest concentration of consular offices, representing 86 countries.

Question: In what part of the United States is Houston located?


Answer: international community

Question: What part of the Houston population is growing?


Answer: 1.1 million

Question: How many of the people who live in Houston were foreign born?


Answer: two-thirds

Question: What percentage of Houston's foreign born population is from south of the U.S.-Mexican border?


Answer: one in five

Question: How many foreign born Houstonites are from Asia?


Answer: hurricane

Context: In 1900, after Galveston was struck by a devastating hurricane, efforts to make Houston into a viable deep-water port were accelerated. The following year, oil discovered at the Spindletop oil field near Beaumont prompted the development of the Texas petroleum industry. In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt approved a $1 million improvement project for the Houston Ship Channel. By 1910 the city's population had reached 78,800, almost doubling from a decade before. African-Americans formed a large part of the city's population, numbering 23,929 people, or nearly one-third of the residents.

Question: What event caused an increase in effort to promote the Houston port?


Answer: Spindletop

Question: Where was oil found that promoted the development of the oil industry in Houston?


Answer: Beaumont

Question: Near what Texas city is the Spindletop oil field located?


Answer: 1910

Question: In what year did Houston's population reach 78,000?


Answer: President Theodore Roosevelt

Question: Who approved the improvement project for the Houston ship channel?


Answer: 656.3 square miles

Context: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km2); this comprises 634.0 square miles (1,642 km2) of land and 22.3 square miles (58 km2) of water. The Piney Woods is north of Houston. Most of Houston is located on the gulf coastal plain, and its vegetation is classified as temperate grassland and forest. Much of the city was built on forested land, marshes, swamp, or prairie which resembles the Deep South, and are all still visible in surrounding areas. Flatness of the local terrain, when combined with urban sprawl, has made flooding a recurring problem for the city. Downtown stands about 50 feet (15 m) above sea level, and the highest point in far northwest Houston is about 125 feet (38 m) in elevation. The city once relied on groundwater for its needs, but land subsidence forced the city to turn to ground-level water sources such as Lake Houston, Lake Conroe and Lake Livingston. The city owns surface water rights for 1.20 billion gallons of water a day in addition to 150 million gallons a day worth of groundwater.

Question: What is the square mile area of Houston?


Answer: 22.3 square miles

Question: How much of Houston's total area is water?


Answer: gulf coastal plain

Question: In what topography is Houston located?


Answer: temperate grassland and forest

Question: How is the vegetation of the area classified?


Answer: flooding

Question: What kind of weather event is a recurring problem for Houston?


Answer: 106.5

Context: During the summer months, it is common for temperatures to reach over 90 °F (32 °C), with an average of 106.5 days per year, including a majority from June to September, with a high of 90 °F or above and 4.6 days at or over 100 °F (38 °C). However, humidity usually yields a higher heat index. Summer mornings average over 90 percent relative humidity. Winds are often light in the summer and offer little relief, except in the far southeastern outskirts near the Gulf coast and Galveston. To cope with the strong humidity and heat, people use air conditioning in nearly every vehicle and building. In 1980, Houston was described as the "most air-conditioned place on earth". Officially, the hottest temperature ever recorded in Houston is 109 °F (43 °C), which was reached both on September 4, 2000 and August 28, 2011.

Question: How many days per year are Houston temperatures over 90 degrees?


Answer: 4.6

Question: How many days a year do Houston temperatures average above 100 degrees?


Answer: humidity

Question: What weather factor produces a higher heat index?


Answer: Winds

Question: What weather factor provides little in heat relief in Houston?


Answer: 109 °F

Question: What was the highest temperature recorded in Houston?


Answer: divided

Context: Houston is considered to be a politically divided city whose balance of power often sways between Republicans and Democrats. Much of the city's wealthier areas vote Republican while the city's working class and minority areas vote Democratic. According to the 2005 Houston Area Survey, 68 percent of non-Hispanic whites in Harris County are declared or favor Republicans while 89 percent of non-Hispanic blacks in the area are declared or favor Democrats. About 62 percent Hispanics (of any race) in the area are declared or favor Democrats. The city has often been known to be the most politically diverse city in Texas, a state known for being generally conservative. As a result, the city is often a contested area in statewide elections. In 2009, Houston became the first US city with a population over 1 million citizens to elect a gay mayor, by electing Annise Parker.

Question: What is the political climate of Houston?


Answer: wealthier areas

Question: Who in Houston tends to vote Republican?


Answer: Democratic

Question: How do the working and minority areas vote in Houston?


Answer: 62 percent

Question: What percent of Hispanics vote Democrat?


Answer: 68 percent

Question: What percent of non-Hispanic whites vote Republican?


Answer: 51%

Context: According to the 2010 Census, whites made up 51% of Houston's population; 26% of the total population were non-Hispanic whites. Blacks or African Americans made up 25% of Houston's population. American Indians made up 0.7% of the population. Asians made up 6% (1.7% Vietnamese, 1.3% Chinese, 1.3% Indian, 0.9% Pakistani, 0.4% Filipino, 0.3% Korean, 0.1% Japanese), while Pacific Islanders made up 0.1%. Individuals from some other race made up 15.2% of the city's population, of which 0.2% were non-Hispanic. Individuals from two or more races made up 3.3% of the city. At the 2000 Census, there were 1,953,631 people and the population density was 3,371.7 people per square mile (1,301.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 49.3% White, 25.3% African American, 5.3% Asian, 0.7% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 16.5% from some other race, and 3.1% from two or more races. In addition, Hispanics made up 37.4% of Houston's population while non-Hispanic whites made up 30.8%, down from 62.4% in 1970.

Question: How much of Houston's population is white?


Answer: 25%

Question: What percentage of Houston's population is African-American?


Answer: Asians

Question: What group makes up 6 % of Houston's population?


Answer: 1,953,631

Question: According to the 2000 census, what is the population of Houston?


Answer: 62.4%

Question: What was the percentage of whites in 1970?


Answer: $489 billion

Context: The Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land MSA's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2012 was $489 billion, making it the fourth-largest of any metropolitan area in the United States and larger than Austria's, Venezuela's, or South Africa's GDP. Only 26 countries other than the United States have a gross domestic product exceeding Houston's regional gross area product (GAP). In 2010, mining (which consists almost entirely of exploration and production of oil and gas in Houston) accounted for 26.3% of Houston's GAP up sharply in response to high energy prices and a decreased worldwide surplus of oil production capacity, followed by engineering services, health services, and manufacturing.

Question: What was Houston's gross domestic product in 2012?


Answer: fourth-largest

Question: Where in the rankings does Houston's gross domestic product place it compared to other U.S. domestic areas?


Answer: 26

Question: How many other countries have a gross domestic product exceeding Houston's?


Answer: 26.3%

Question: How much did oil and gas exploration and production make up Houston's gross product?


Answer: mining

Question: Under what category does oil and gas exploration fall?


Answer: Baylor College of Medicine

Context: The Baylor College of Medicine has annually been considered within the top ten medical schools in the nation; likewise, the MD Anderson Cancer Center has consistently ranked as one of the top two U.S. hospitals specializing in cancer care by U.S. News & World Report since 1990. The Menninger Clinic, a renowned psychiatric treatment center, is affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital System. With hospital locations nationwide and headquarters in Houston, the Triumph Healthcare hospital system is the third largest long term acute care provider nationally.

Question: What Houston medical school ranks in the top ten U.S. medical schools?


Answer: one of the top two

Question: How does MD Anderson Cancer Center rank in US hospitals dealing with cancer care?


Answer: psychiatric

Question: What type of treatments does the Menninger Clinic offer?


Answer: Triumph Healthcare

Question: What is the third largest acute care center in the U.S.?


Answer: Houston

Question: Where is the Triumph Healthcare hospital headquartered?


Answer: #1

Context: In 2013, Houston was identified as the #1 U.S. city for job creation by the U.S. Bureau of Statistics after it was not only the first major city to regain all the jobs lost in the preceding economic downturn, but after the crash, more than two jobs were added for every one lost. Economist and vice president of research at the Greater Houston Partnership Patrick Jankowski attributed Houston's success to the ability of the region's real estate and energy industries to learn from historical mistakes. Furthermore, Jankowski stated that "more than 100 foreign-owned companies relocated, expanded or started new businesses in Houston" between 2008 and 2010, and this openness to external business boosted job creation during a period when domestic demand was problematically low. Also in 2013, Houston again appeared on Forbes' list of Best Places for Business and Careers.

Question: Where did Houston rank for job creation in 2013?


Answer: two

Question: How many jobs did Houston add for every one lost?


Answer: more than 100

Question: How many foreign companies relocated to Houston?


Answer: Best Places for Business and Careers

Question: On what Forbes list did Houston appear in 2013?


Answer: jobs lost

Question: What was Houston the first city to do regain after the recession caused job loss?


Answer: Three

Context: Three community college districts exist with campuses in and around Houston. The Houston Community College System serves most of Houston. The northwestern through northeastern parts of the city are served by various campuses of the Lone Star College System, while the southeastern portion of Houston is served by San Jacinto College, and a northeastern portion is served by Lee College. The Houston Community College and Lone Star College systems are within the 10 largest institutions of higher learning in the United States.

Question: How many community colleges serve Houston?


Answer: within the 10 largest

Question: How are the Houston Community College and Lone Star College systems ranked among educational facilities?


Answer: Houston Community College System

Question: What college system serves most of Houston?


Answer: Lone Star College System

Question: Which community college system serves the northwestern and northeastern areas?


Answer: southeastern

Question: What part of Houston does San Jacinto College serve?


Answer: January 1, 2004

Context: METRO began light rail service on January 1, 2004, with the inaugural track ("Red Line") running about 8 miles (13 km) from the University of Houston–Downtown (UHD), which traverses through the Texas Medical Center and terminates at NRG Park. METRO is currently in the design phase of a 10-year expansion plan that will add five more lines. and expand the current Red Line. Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service three times a week to Houston via the Sunset Limited (Los Angeles–New Orleans), which stops at a train station on the north side of the downtown area. The station saw 14,891 boardings and alightings in fiscal year 2008. In 2012, there was a 25 percent increase in ridership to 20,327 passengers embarking from the Houston Amtrak station.

Question: When did Houston start using light rail lines?


Answer: about 8 miles

Question: How long was the first light rail line in Houston?


Answer: NRG Park

Question: Where did the Red Line rail track terminate?


Answer: five

Question: How many new rail lines are planned for the future in Houston light rail?


Answer: 20,327

Question: How many passengers used Amtrak to embark at Houston?


Answer: William P. Hobby Airport

Context: The second-largest commercial airport is William P. Hobby Airport (named Houston International Airport until 1967) which operates primarily short- to medium-haul domestic flights. However, in 2015 Southwest Airlines launched service from a new international terminal at Hobby airport to several destinations in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. These were the first international flights flown from Hobby since 1969. Houston's aviation history is showcased in the 1940 Air Terminal Museum located in the old terminal building on the west side of the airport. Hobby Airport has been recognized with two awards for being one of the top five performing airports in the world and for customer service by Airports Council International.

Question: What is the second airport that serves Houston?


Answer: Houston International Airport

Question: What was the earlier name of Hobby Airport?


Answer: 1967

Question: When was Houston International Airport renamed to Hobby Airport?


Answer: Southwest Airlines

Question: Which airline now offers international flights from Hobby Airport?


Answer: customer service

Question: For what is Hobby Airport ranked in the top five performing airports?


Answer: 300

Context: The Houston area has over 150 active faults (estimated to be 300 active faults) with an aggregate length of up to 310 miles (500 km), including the Long Point–Eureka Heights fault system which runs through the center of the city. There have been no significant historically recorded earthquakes in Houston, but researchers do not discount the possibility of such quakes having occurred in the deeper past, nor occurring in the future. Land in some areas southeast of Houston is sinking because water has been pumped out of the ground for many years. It may be associated with slip along the faults; however, the slippage is slow and not considered an earthquake, where stationary faults must slip suddenly enough to create seismic waves. These faults also tend to move at a smooth rate in what is termed "fault creep", which further reduces the risk of an earthquake.

Question: How many estimated active faults does Houston have?


Answer: 310 miles

Question: What is the total length of the Houston faults?


Answer: water

Question: What geological feature has been removed underground to cause sinking in areas of southeast Houston?


Answer: Long Point–Eureka Heights

Question: Which of the geologic faults run through the center of Houston?


Answer: fault creep

Question: What is a slow smooth rate of movement of faults called?


Answer: ward system

Context: Houston was incorporated in 1837 under the ward system of representation. The ward designation is the progenitor of the eleven current-day geographically oriented Houston City Council districts. Locations in Houston are generally classified as either being inside or outside the Interstate 610 Loop. The inside encompasses the central business district and many residential neighborhoods that predate World War II. More recently, high-density residential areas have been developed within the loop. The city's outlying areas, suburbs and enclaves are located outside of the loop. Beltway 8 encircles the city another 5 miles (8.0 km) farther out.

Question: What system of incorporation was used in 1837 by Houston?


Answer: Houston City Council districts

Question: What is the present day system being used by Houston for representation?


Answer: Interstate 610 Loop

Question: What highway is used to designate locations in Houston?


Answer: central business district

Question: Beside older pre-World War II residences, what is found inside the Loop?


Answer: Beltway 8

Question: What highway circles the outer areas of Houston?


Answer: Uptown District

Context: Centered on Post Oak Boulevard and Westheimer Road, the Uptown District boomed during the 1970s and early 1980s when a collection of mid-rise office buildings, hotels, and retail developments appeared along Interstate 610 west. Uptown became one of the most prominent instances of an edge city. The tallest building in Uptown is the 64-floor, 901-foot (275 m)-tall, Philip Johnson and John Burgee designed landmark Williams Tower (known as the Transco Tower until 1999). At the time of construction, it was believed to be the world's tallest skyscraper outside of a central business district. The new 20-story Skanska building and BBVA Compass Plaza are the newest office buildings built in Uptown after 30 years. The Uptown District is also home to buildings designed by noted architects I. M. Pei, César Pelli, and Philip Johnson. In the late 1990s and early 2000s decade, there was a mini-boom of mid-rise and high-rise residential tower construction, with several over 30 stories tall. Since 2000 more than 30 high-rise buildings have gone up in Houston; all told, 72 high-rises tower over the city, which adds up to about 8,300 units. In 2002, Uptown had more than 23 million square feet (2,100,000 m²) of office space with 16 million square feet (1,500,000 m²) of Class A office space.

Question: What area is located at Post Oak Boulevard and Westheimer Road?


Answer: 1970s and early 1980s

Question: When did the Uptown district expand?


Answer: Williams Tower

Question: What is the tallest building in Uptown Houston?


Answer: 23 million

Question: How many square feet of office space did Houston have in Uptown in 2002?


Answer: Transco Tower

Question: Until 1999 what was the Williams Tower known as?


Answer: biomedical research and aeronautics

Context: Houston is recognized worldwide for its energy industry—particularly for oil and natural gas—as well as for biomedical research and aeronautics. Renewable energy sources—wind and solar—are also growing economic bases in the city. The Houston Ship Channel is also a large part of Houston's economic base. Because of these strengths, Houston is designated as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network and global management consulting firm A.T. Kearney. The Houston area is the top U.S. market for exports, surpassing New York City in 2013, according to data released by the U.S. Department of Commerce's International Trade Administration. In 2012, the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land area recorded $110.3 billion in merchandise exports. Petroleum products, chemicals, and oil and gas extraction equipment accounted for approximately two-thirds of the metropolitan area's exports last year. The Top 3 destinations for exports were Mexico, Canada, and Brazil.

Question: Besides oil and gas, what is Houston known for?


Answer: Houston Ship Channel

Question: What other industry is a large part of Houston's economy?


Answer: global city

Question: What designation does the Globalization and World Cities Study Group give Houston?


Answer: market for exports

Question: In what did Houston pass New York City in 2013?


Answer: $110.3 billion

Question: How much in dollars did the Houston area export in 2012?


Answer: top ranking

Context: In 2008, Houston received top ranking on Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best Cities of 2008 list, which ranks cities on their local economy, employment opportunities, reasonable living costs, and quality of life. The city ranked fourth for highest increase in the local technological innovation over the preceding 15 years, according to Forbes magazine. In the same year, the city ranked second on the annual Fortune 500 list of company headquarters, first for Forbes magazine's Best Cities for College Graduates, and first on their list of Best Cities to Buy a Home. In 2010, the city was rated the best city for shopping, according to Forbes.

Question: How did Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best Cities rate Houston?


Answer: 2008

Question: When did Houston receive a ranking in the top of Kiplinger's Best cities list?


Answer: fourth

Question: Where did Forbes magazine place Houston for technological innovation?


Answer: second

Question: Where did Houston place for Fortune 500 companies?


Answer: 2010

Question: When was Houston ranked the best city for shopping?


Answer: National Hockey League

Context: Houston has sports teams for every major professional league except the National Hockey League (NHL). The Houston Astros are a Major League Baseball (MLB) expansion team formed in 1962 (known as the "Colt .45s" until 1965) that made one World Series appearance in 2005. The Houston Rockets are a National Basketball Association (NBA) franchise based in the city since 1971. They have won two NBA Championships: in 1994 and 1995 under star players Hakeem Olajuwon, Otis Thorpe, Clyde Drexler, Vernon Maxwell, and Kenny Smith. The Houston Texans are a National Football League (NFL) expansion team formed in 2002. The Houston Dynamo are a Major League Soccer (MLS) franchise that has been based in Houston since 2006 after they won two MLS Cup titles in 2006 and 2007. The Houston Dash play in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). The Scrap Yard Dawgs, a women's pro softball team, is expected to play in the National Pro Fastpitch (NPF) from 2016.

Question: For which sports team category does Houston not have a team ?


Answer: 1971

Question: Since what year have the Houston Rockets been a Houston team?


Answer: 1962

Question: When were the Houston Astros formed?


Answer: Colt .45s

Question: Until 1965 what were the Houston Astros called?


Answer: 2005

Question: When were the Houston Astros in the World Series?


Answer: 14

Context: The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S. Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979. At-large council members represent the entire city. Under the city charter, once the population in the city limits exceeded 2.1 million residents, two additional districts were to be added. The city of Houston's official 2010 census count was 600 shy of the required number; however, as the city was expected to grow beyond 2.1 million shortly thereafter, the two additional districts were added for, and the positions filled during, the August 2011 elections.

Question: How many members did the original Houston city council have?


Answer: five

Question: How many at-large positions were there originally?


Answer: entire city

Question: What areas do at-large council members represent?


Answer: 2.1 million

Question: What population figure needs to be passed to add at large council members?


Answer: two

Question: How many at-large council members were added in the 2011 elections?


Answer: 40,000

Context: Four separate and distinct state universities are located in Houston. The University of Houston is a nationally recognized Tier One research university, and is the flagship institution of the University of Houston System. The third-largest university in Texas, the University of Houston has nearly 40,000 students on its 667-acre campus in southeast Houston. The University of Houston–Clear Lake and the University of Houston–Downtown are stand-alone universities; they are not branch campuses of the University of Houston. Located in the historic community of Third Ward is Texas Southern University, one of the largest historically black colleges and universities in the United States.

Question: How many students does the University of Houston have?


Answer: southeast

Question: Where in Houston is the University of Houston campus located?


Answer: Four

Question: How many separate universities does Houston have?


Answer: Texas Southern University

Question: What university is located in Houston'd third ward?


Answer: largest historically black

Question: What kind of college is Texas Southern University?


Answer: Houston Chronicle

Context: Houston is served by the Houston Chronicle, its only major daily newspaper with wide distribution. The Hearst Corporation, which owns and operates the Houston Chronicle, bought the assets of the Houston Post—its long-time rival and main competition—when Houston Post ceased operations in 1995. The Houston Post was owned by the family of former Lieutenant Governor Bill Hobby of Houston. The only other major publication to serve the city is the Houston Press—a free alternative weekly with a weekly readership of more than 300,000.

Question: What is Houston's major newspaper?


Answer: Hearst Corporation

Question: Who owns the Houston Chronicle?


Answer: 1995

Question: When did Chronicle rival newspaper, the Houston Post, cease operations?


Answer: Bill Hobby

Question: Whose family owned the Houston Post?


Answer: Houston Press

Question: What is the other newspaper that serves Houston?