Answer: season six

Question: When was the first Idol Gives Back?


Answer: 2002

Context: American Idol premiered in June 2002 and became the surprise summer hit show of 2002. The first show drew 9.9 million viewers, giving Fox the best viewing figure for the 8.30 pm spot in over a year. The audience steadily grew, and by finale night, the audience had averaged 23 million, with more than 40 million watching some part of that show. That episode was placed third amongst all age groups, but more importantly it led in the 18–49 demographic, the age group most valued by advertisers.

Question: What year did American Idol being to air on television?


Answer: 9.9 million

Question: How many people watched the first episode of American Idol?


Answer: 23 million

Question: How many people on average watched the American Idol finale in its first season?


Answer: summer

Question: What season of the year did American Idol first air on television?


Answer: June 2002

Question: When did American Idol premiere?


Answer: 9.9 million

Question: How many people watched the first episode of American Idol?


Answer: 23 million

Question: What was the average for viewership by finale night?


Answer: 26.5 million

Context: The growth continued into the next season, starting with a season premiere of 26.5 million. The season attracted an average of 21.7 million viewers, and was placed second overall amongst the 18–49 age group. The finale night when Ruben Studdard won over Clay Aiken was also the highest-rated ever American Idol episode at 38.1 million for the final hour. By season three, the show had become the top show in the 18–49 demographic a position it has held for all subsequent years up to and including season ten, and its competition stages ranked first in the nationwide overall ratings. By season four, American Idol had become the most watched series amongst all viewers on American TV for the first time, with an average viewership of 26.8 million. The show reached its peak in season five with numbers averaging 30.6 million per episode, and season five remains the highest-rated season of the series.

Question: How many people watched the first episode of American Idols second season?


Answer: 21.7 million

Question: How many people on average tuned in to watch American Idol in its second season?


Answer: Ruben Studdard

Question: What contestant won the second season of American Idol?


Answer: season four

Question: During what season did American Idol become the highest rated show across all demographics?


Answer: season five

Question: Which season of American Idol was watched by the most people?


Answer: 26.5 million

Question: How many people watched the second season premiere of American Idol?


Answer: 21.7 million

Question: How many people watched on average for season two?


Answer: four

Question: By what season was American Idol the most watched show on TV?


Answer: Season six

Context: Season six premiered with the series' highest-rated debut episode and a few of its succeeding episodes rank among the most watched episodes of American Idol. During this time, many television executives begun to regard the show as a programming force unlike any seen before, as its consistent dominance of up to two hours two or three nights a week exceeded the 30- or 60-minute reach of previous hits such as NBC's The Cosby Show. The show was dubbed "the Death Star", and competing networks often rearranged their schedules in order to minimize losses. However, season six also showed a steady decline in viewership over the course of the season. The season finale saw a drop in ratings of 16% from the previous year. Season six was the first season wherein the average results show rated higher than the competition stages (unlike in the previous seasons), and became the second highest-rated of the series after the preceding season.

Question: Which season premier of American Idol was the most watched?


Answer: Season six

Question: During which season to American Idols rating begin to fall?


Answer: the Death Star

Question: What did other television networks refer to American Idol as because of its ratings?


Answer: NBC

Question: Which television network originally aired The Cosby Show?


Answer: Season six

Question: Which season premiere was the most watched of all seasons?


Answer: the Death Star

Question: What was the show called by other networks?


Answer: decline

Question: Season six saw what for the first time in viewership?


Answer: results show

Question: Season six was the first season where what had more viewers?


Answer: season seven

Context: The loss of viewers continued into season seven. The premiere was down 11% among total viewers, and the results show in which Kristy Lee Cook was eliminated delivered its lowest-rated Wednesday show among the 18–34 demo since the first season in 2002. However, the ratings rebounded for the season seven finale with the excitement over the battle of the Davids, and improved over season six as the series' third most watched finale. The strong finish of season seven also helped Fox become the most watched TV network in the country for the first time since its inception, a first ever in American television history for a non-Big Three major broadcast network. Overall ratings for the season were down 10% from season six, which is in line with the fall in viewership across all networks due in part to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike.

Question: During which season of American Idol did Fox beat the other networks in ratings for the first time?


Answer: Writers Guild of America strike

Question: Why were television ratings down across the board during American Idols seventh season?


Answer: season seven

Question: On what season was Kristy Lee Cook a contestant on American Idol?


Answer: Kristy Lee Cook

Question: Who was eliminated during the lowest rated show since season one?


Answer: season seven

Question: What was the series' third most watched finale?


Answer: the most watched TV network

Question: Because of the rebound in viewers, Fox became what for the first time?


Answer: Writers Guild of America strike

Question: What happened in 2007-2008 that had a drop in viewers for all networks?


Answer: NBC

Context: The declining trend however continued into season eight, as total viewers numbers fell by 5–10% for early episodes compared to season seven, and by 9% for the finale. In season nine, Idol's six-year extended streak of perfection in the ratings was broken, when NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics on February 17 beat Idol in the same time slot with 30.1 million viewers over Idol's 18.4 million. Nevertheless, American Idol overall finished its ninth season as the most watched TV series for the sixth year running, breaking the previous record of five consecutive seasons achieved by CBS' All in the Family and NBC's The Cosby Show.

Question: Which television network aired the Winter Olympics in 2010?


Answer: CBS

Question: Which television network originally aired All in the Family?


Answer: 2010

Question: In what year did NBC beat American Idol in the ratings for the first time?


Answer: 2010 Winter Olympics

Question: What finally beat Idol in the ratings during season nine?


Answer: 30.1 million

Question: How many people watched the 2010 Winter Olympics on February 17 as compared to the 18.4 million who tuned into Idol?


Answer: six

Question: At the end of season nine, American Idol remained on top as the most watched show for how many years in a row?


Answer: 32.1

Context: In season ten, the total viewer numbers for the first week of shows fell 12–13%, and by up to 23% in the 18–49 demo compared to season nine. Later episodes, however, retained viewers better, and the season ended on a high with a significant increase in viewership for the finale – up 12% for the adults 18–49 demo and a 21% increase in total viewers from the season nine finale. While the overall viewer number has increased this season, its viewer demographics have continued to age year on year – the median age this season was 47.2 compared to a median age of 32.1 in its first season. By the time of the 2010–11 television season, Fox was in its seventh consecutive season of victory overall in the 18–49 demographic ratings in the United States.

Question: What was the average age of American Idols viewers in its first season?


Answer: 47.2

Question: What was the average age of American Idols viewers in its tenth season?


Answer: 47.2

Question: What is the median age of viewers this season?


Answer: 32.1

Question: What was the median age for viewers for season one?


Answer: eight

Context: Season eleven, however, suffered a steep drop in ratings, a drop attributed by some to the arrival of new shows such as The Voice and The X-Factor. The ratings for the first two episodes of season eleven fell 16–21% in overall viewer numbers and 24–27% in the 18/49 demo, while the season finale fell 27% in total viewer number and 30% in the 18-49 demo. The average viewership for the season fell below 20 million viewers the first time since 2003, a drop of 23% in total viewers and 30% in the 18/49 demo. For the first time in eight years, American Idol lost the leading position in both the total viewers number and the 18/49 demo, coming in second to NBC Sunday Night Football, although the strengths of Idol in its second year in the Wednesday-Thursday primetime slots helped Fox achieve the longest period of 18-49 demographic victory in the Nielsen ratings, standing at 8 straight years from 2004 to 2012.

Question: For how many years was American Idol the top rated show on television?


Answer: Sunday Night Football

Question: What program saw more viewers than American Idol this season?


Answer: eight years

Question: How long did Fox reign in the 18-49 demographics in the Nielsen ratings?


Answer: 13.3 million

Context: The loss of viewers continued into season 12, which saw the show hitting a number of series low in the 18-49 demo. The finale had 7.2 million fewer viewers than the previous season, and saw a drop of 44% in the 18-49 demo. The season viewers averaged at 13.3 million, a drop of 24% from the previous season. The thirteenth season suffered a huge decline in the 18–49 demographic, a drop of 28% from the twelfth season, and American Idol lost its Top 10 position in the Nielsen ratings by the end of the 2013–14 television season for the first time since its entry to the rankings in 2003 as a result, although the entire series to date had not yet been dropped from the Nielsen Top 30 rankings since its inception in 2002.

Question: How many people on average watched season 12 of American Idol?


Answer: 13

Question: During which season did American Idol fall out of the top ten shows in ratings?


Answer: 2002

Question: When did American Idol first air on television?


Answer: 7.2 million

Question: The season finale for season 12 had how many fewer viewers than season 11?


Answer: 13.3 million

Question: How many viewers watched on average this season?


Answer: Coca-Cola

Context: The continuing decline influenced further changes for season 14, including the loss of Coca-Cola as the show's major sponsor, and a decision to only broadcast one, two-hour show per week during the top 12 rounds (with results from the previous week integrated into the performance show, rather than having a separate results show). On May 11, 2015, prior to the fourteenth season finale, Fox announced that the fifteenth season of American Idol would be its last. Despite these changes, the show's ratings would decline more sharply. The fourteenth season finale was the lowest-rated finale ever, with an average of only 8.03 million viewers watching the finale.

Question: What drink company ended its relationship with American Idol during season 14?


Answer: 8.03 million

Question: How many people watched American Idols finale in season 14?


Answer: 15

Question: After what season will American Idol be cancelled?


Answer: May 11, 2015

Question: When did Fox announce the following season would be Idol's last?


Answer: 8.03 million

Question: How many people watched the season 14 finale?


Answer: 9

Context: The enormous success of the show and the revenue it generated was transformative for Fox Broadcasting Company. American Idol and fellow competing shows Survivor and Who Wants to Be a Millionaire were altogether credited for expanding reality television programming in the United States in the 1990s and 2000s, and Idol became the most watched non-scripted primetime television series for almost a decade, from 2003 to 2012, breaking records on U.S. television (dominated by drama shows and sitcoms in the preceding decades).

Question: For how many years was American Idol the highest rated reality show on television?


Answer: 8

Context: The show pushed Fox to become the number one U.S. TV network amongst adults 18–49, the key demographic coveted by advertisers, for an unprecedented eight consecutive years by 2012. Its success also helped lift the ratings of other shows that were scheduled around it such as House and Bones, and Idol, for years, had become Fox's strongest platform primetime television program for promoting eventual hit shows of the 2010s (of the same network) such as Glee and New Girl. The show, its creator Simon Fuller claimed, "saved Fox".

Question: For how many years was Fox the highest rated network with young adults because of American Idol?


Answer: Fox

Question: What television network originally aired the show Glee?


Answer: Fox

Question: What television network originally aired the show House?


Answer: Simon Fuller

Question: Who created American Idol?


Answer: Dancing with the Stars

Context: The show's massive success in the mid-2000s and early 2010s spawned a number of imitating singing-competition shows, such as Rock Star, Nashville Star, The Voice, Rising Star, The Sing-Off, and The X Factor. Its format also served as a blueprint for non-singing TV shows such as Dancing with the Stars and So You Think You Can Dance, most of which contribute to the current highly competitive reality TV landscape on American television.

Question: What dancing show featuring celebrities has been helped by American Idol?


Answer: The Voice

Question: What is another singing show similar to American Idol?


Answer: American Idol

Context: As one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history, American Idol has a strong impact not just on television, but also in the wider world of entertainment. It helped create a number of highly successful recording artists, such as Kelly Clarkson, Daughtry and Carrie Underwood, as well as others of varying notability.

Question: What show helped launched the career of Kelly Clarkson?


Answer: American Idol

Question: What show helped launched the career of Carrie Underwood?


Answer: American Idol

Question: What show helped launched the career of Daughtry?


Answer: 345

Context: Various American Idol alumni had success on various record charts around the world; in the U.S. they had achieved 345 number ones on the Billboard charts in its first ten years. According to Fred Bronson, author of books on the Billboard charts, no other entity has ever created as many hit-making artists and best-selling albums and singles. In 2007, American Idol alums accounted for 2.1% of all music sales. Its alumni have a massive impact on radio; in 2007, American Idol had become "a dominant force in radio" according to the president of the research company Mediabase which monitors radio stations Rich Meyer. By 2010, four winners each had more than a million radio spins, with Kelly Clarkson leading the field with over four million spins.

Question: How many number one Billboard singles were released by American Idol contestants in the shows first decade?


Answer: Rich Meyer

Question: Who is the president of Mediabase?


Answer: Kelly Clarkson

Question: Who was the most successful American Idol winner on radio as of 2010?


Answer: 345

Question: How many number ones have Idol singers achieved on Billboard charts in just the first ten years?


Answer: Fred Bronson

Question: Who authored books on Billboard charts?


Answer: four

Question: How many contestants had at least one million radio spins by 2010?


Answer: over four million

Question: How many radio spins did Kelly Clarkson have by 2010?


Answer: 59 million

Context: As of 2013, the American Idol alumni in their post-Idol careers have amassed over 59 million albums and 120 million singles and digital track downloads in the United States alone.

Question: How many albums have been sold by American Idol contestants up until 2013?


Answer: 120 million

Question: How many single have been sold by American Idol contestants up until 2013?


Answer: 59 million

Question: How many albums have Idol contestants created as of 2013?


Answer: 120 million

Question: How many singles and digital downloads have Idol contestants created as of 2013?


Answer: Jennifer Hudson

Context: The impact of American Idol is also strongly felt in musical theatre, where many of Idol alumni have forged successful careers. The striking effect of former American Idol contestants on Broadway has been noted and commented on. The casting of a popular Idol contestant can lead to significantly increased ticket sales. Other alumni have gone on to work in television and films, the most notable being Jennifer Hudson who, on the recommendation of the Idol vocal coach Debra Byrd, won a role in Dreamgirls and subsequently received an Academy Award for her performance.

Question: Which American Idol contestant won an Oscar for Dreamgirls?


Answer: vocal coach

Question: What job does Debra Byrd do on American Idol?


Answer: musical theatre

Question: In what area of the entertainment industry have some Idol contestants found success?


Answer: Jennifer Hudson

Question: Which Idol won an Academy Award?


Answer: Dreamgirls

Question: What film did Jennifer Hudson win an Academy Award for?


Answer: Debra Byrd

Question: Who recommended the role for Hudon?


Answer: Entertainment Weekly

Context: Early reviews were mixed in their assessment. Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly considered that "As TV, American Idol is crazily entertaining; as music, it's dust-mote inconsequential". Others, however, thought that "the most striking aspect of the series was the genuine talent it revealed". It was also described as a "sadistic musical bake-off", and "a romp in humiliation". Other aspects of the show have attracted criticisms. The product placement in the show in particular was noted, and some critics were harsh about what they perceived as its blatant commercial calculations – Karla Peterson of The San Diego Union-Tribune charged that American Idol is "a conniving multimedia monster" that has "absorbed the sin of our debauched culture and spit them out in a lump of reconstituted evil". The decision to send the season one winner to sing the national anthem at the Lincoln Memorial on the first anniversary of the September 11 attacks in 2002 was also poorly received by many. Lisa de Moraes of The Washington Post noted sarcastically that "The terrorists have won" and, with a sideswipe at the show's commercialism and voting process, that the decision as to who "gets to turn this important site into just another cog in the 'Great American Idol Marketing Mandala' is in the hands of the millions of girls who have made American Idol a hit. Them and a handful of phone-redialer geeks who have been clocking up to 10,000 calls each week for their contestant of choice (but who, according to Fox, are in absolutely no way skewing the outcome)."

Question: What publication does Ken Tucker work for?


Answer: the national anthem

Question: What did American Idols first winner sing at the Lincoln Memorial in 2002?


Answer: Ken Tucker

Question: Which journalist felt Idol produced entertaining TV more than entertaining music?


Answer: Entertainment Weekly

Question: Which publication did Tucker work for?


Answer: Karla Peterson

Question: Who called American Idol a conniving multimedia monster?


Answer: Lincoln Memorial

Question: Where did the season one winner sing the national anthem that received huge criticism?


Answer: Entertainment Weekly

Context: Some of the later writers about the show were more positive, Michael Slezak, again of Entertainment Weekly, thought that "for all its bloated, synthetic, product-shilling, money-making trappings, Idol provides a once-a-year chance for the average American to combat the evils of today's music business." Singer Sheryl Crow, who was later to act as a mentor on the show, however took the view that the show "undermines art in every way and promotes commercialism". Pop music critic Ann Powers nevertheless suggested that Idol has "reshaped the American songbook", "led us toward a new way of viewing ourselves in relationship to mainstream popular culture", and connects "the classic Hollywood dream to the multicentered popular culture of the future." Others focused on the personalities in the show; Ramin Setoodeh of Newsweek accused judge Simon Cowell's cruel critiques in the show of helping to establish in the wider world a culture of meanness, that "Simon Cowell has dragged the rest of us in the mud with him." Some such as singer John Mayer disparaged the contestants, suggesting that those who appeared on Idol are not real artists with self-respect.

Question: What publication does Michael Slezak write for?


Answer: Simon Cowell

Question: Who was accused of being mean and cruel on American Idol?


Answer: John Mayer

Question: What singer had bad things to say about contestants on American Idol?


Answer: Newsweek

Question: What magazine does Ramin Wetoodeh write for?


Answer: commercialism

Question: Sheryl Crow felt the show undermined art and promoted what?


Answer: Ann Powers

Question: Who said that American Idol has reshaped the American songbook?


Answer: Simon Cowell

Question: Who was accused of helping meanness thrive?


Answer: John Mayer

Question: Which singer said the contestants are not real artists with self respect?


Answer: Elton John

Context: Some in the entertainment industry were critical of the star-making aspect of the show. Usher, a mentor on the show, bemoaning the loss of the "true art form of music", thought that shows like American Idol made it seem "so easy that everyone can do it, and that it can happen overnight", and that "television is a lie". Musician Michael Feinstein, while acknowledging that the show had uncovered promising performers, said that American Idol "isn't really about music. It's about all the bad aspects of the music business – the arrogance of commerce, this sense of 'I know what will make this person a star; artists themselves don't know.' " That American Idol is seen to be a fast track to success for its contestants has been a cause of resentment for some in the industry. LeAnn Rimes, commenting on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards over Faith Hill in 2006, said that "Carrie has not paid her dues long enough to fully deserve that award". It is a common theme that has been echoed by many others. Elton John, who had appeared as a mentor in the show but turned down an offer to be a judge on American Idol, commenting on talent shows in general, said that "there have been some good acts but the only way to sustain a career is to pay your dues in small clubs".

Question: What famous singer declined an offer to be a judge on American Idol after having been a mentor?


Answer: 2006

Question: What year did Carrie Underwood win a Country Music Award for Best Female Artist?


Answer: LeAnn Rimes

Question: What singer criticized Carrie Underwood for winning a Country Music Award?


Answer: Usher

Question: Who felt that American Idol helped the true art form of music get lost?


Answer: Carrie Underwood

Question: Who won the Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards in 2006?


Answer: Faith Hill

Question: Who did Carrie beat out for the award?


Answer: LeAnn Rimes

Question: Who said that Carrie had not paid her dues to win that award?


Answer: Elton John

Question: Who was a mentor but later turned down the opportunity to judge Idol?


Answer: country

Context: The success of the show's alumni however has led to a more positive assessment of the show, and the show was described as having "proven it has a valid way to pick talent and a proven way to sell records". While the industry is divided on the show success, its impact is felt particularly strongly in the country music format. According to a CMT exec, reflecting on the success of Idol alumni in the country genre, "if you want to try and get famous fast by going to a cattle call audition on TV, Idol reasonably remains the first choice for anyone," and that country music and Idol "go together well".

Question: Which music genre has had the most success from American Idol?


Answer: country music

Question: Which genre has felt the impact of Idol the most?


Answer: 9

Context: American Idol was nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program for nine years but never won. Director Bruce Gower won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series in 2009, and the show won a Creative Arts Emmys each in 2007 and 2008, three in 2009, and two in 2011, as well as a Governor's Award in 2007 for its Idol Gives Back edition. It won the People's Choice Award, which honors the popular culture of the previous year as voted by the public, for favorite competition/reality show in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011 and 2012. It won the first Critics' Choice Television Award in 2011 for Best Reality Competition.

Question: How many nominations has American Idol received for Outstanding Reality Competition Program?


Answer: Bruce Gower

Question: What director win an Emmy Award for his work on American Idol?


Answer: 8

Question: How many total Emmy Awards has American Idol won?


Answer: Idol Gives Back

Question: What American Idol special received a Governors Award in 2007?


Answer: nine

Question: How many times was American Idol nominated for an Emmy?


Answer: Governor's Award in 2007

Question: What award did American Idol win for its Idol Gives Back charity work?


Answer: $900 million

Context: The dominance of American Idol in the ratings had made it the most profitable show in U.S. TV for many years. The show was estimated to generate $900 million for the year 2004 through sales of TV ads, albums, merchandise and concert tickets. By season seven, the show was estimated to earn around $900 million from its ad revenue alone, not including ancillary sponsorship deals and other income. One estimate puts the total TV revenue for the first eight seasons of American at $6.4 billion. Sponsors that bought fully integrated packages can expect a variety of promotions of their products on the show, such as product placement, adverts and product promotion integrated into the show, and various promotional opportunities. Other off-air promotional partners pay for the rights to feature "Idol" branding on their packaging, products and marketing programs. American Idol also partnered with Disney in its theme park attraction The American Idol Experience.

Question: How much money did American Idol make in 2004?


Answer: $6.4 billion

Question: How much money did American Idol generate from its first eight seasons?


Answer: The American Idol Experience

Question: What is the name of the American Idol theme attraction with Disney?


Answer: $900 million

Question: How much money did American Idol generate from ads in its seventh season?


Answer: Disney

Question: Who did Idol partner with to create The American Idol Experience?


Answer: season four

Context: American Idol became the most expensive series on broadcast networks for advertisers starting season four, and by the next season, it had broken the record in advertising rate for a regularly scheduled prime-time network series, selling over $700,000 for a 30-seconds slot, and reaching up to $1.3 million for the finale. Its ad prices reached a peak in season seven at $737,000. Estimated revenue more than doubled from $404 million in season three to $870 million in season six. While that declined from season eight onwards, it still earned significantly more than its nearest competitor, with advertising revenue topping $800 million annually the next few seasons. However, the sharp drop in ratings in season eleven also resulted in a sharp drop in advertising rate for season twelve, and the show lost its leading position as the costliest show for advertisers. By 2014, ad revenue from had fallen to $427 million where a 30-second spot went for less than $300,000.

Question: In which season did American Idol become the costliest show for advertising on television?


Answer: $1.3 million

Question: How much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot on the American Idol season four finale?


Answer: less than $300,000

Question: How much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot during American Idol in 2014?


Answer: $737,000

Question: How much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot during American Idol in its seventh season?


Answer: four

Question: By what season was Idol the highest advertising cost of all shows?


Answer: 800 million

Question: How much did Idol earn in ad revenue alone for season 8?


Answer: season one

Context: Ford Motor Company and Coca-Cola were two of the first sponsors of American Idol in its first season. The sponsorship deal cost around $10 million in season one, rising to $35 million by season 7, and between $50 to $60 million in season 10. The third major sponsor AT&T Wireless joined in the second season but ended after season 12, and Coca-Cola officially ended its sponsorship after season 13 amidst the declining ratings of Idol in the mid-2010s. iTunes sponsored the show since season seven.

Question: In which season did Coca-Cola become a sponsor of American Idol?


Answer: season one

Question: In which season did Ford Motor Company become a sponsor of American Idol?


Answer: AT&T Wireless

Question: Which mobile carrier became a sponsor of American Idol in its second season?


Answer: after season 13

Question: When did Coca-Cola stop being a sponsor of American Idol?


Answer: seven

Question: In which season did iTunes begin a partnership with American Idol?


Answer: 10 million

Question: How much did it cost each company for the first season?


Answer: 35 million

Question: How much did it cost each company in season 7?


Answer: AT&T

Question: Who was the third largest sponsor?


Answer: text-messaging

Context: American Idol prominent display of its sponsors' logo and products had been noted since the early seasons. By season six, Idol showed 4,349 product placements according to Nielsen Media Research. The branded entertainment integration proved beneficial to its advertisers – promotion of AT&T text-messaging as a means to vote successfully introduced the technology into the wider culture, and Coca-Cola has seen its equity increased during the show.

Question: What service did AT&T promote on American Idol as a way of voting?


Answer: 4,349

Question: How many product placements had Idol shown by season six?


Answer: PepsiCo

Context: Coca-Cola's archrival PepsiCo declined to sponsor American Idol at the show's start. What the Los Angeles Times later called "missing one of the biggest marketing opportunities in a generation" contributed to Pepsi losing market share, by 2010 falling to third place from second in the United States. PepsiCo sponsored the American version of Cowell's The X Factor in hopes of not repeating its Idol mistake until its cancellation.

Question: Which major drink manufacturer decided at the beginning of American Idol not to be a sponsor?


Answer: The X Factor

Question: What show did PepsiCo begin sponsoring in hopes of not missing another opportunity like American Idol?


Answer: PepsiCo

Question: Which soda company did not want to sponsor American Idol?


Answer: The X Factor

Question: In hopes of not repeating another mistake, which show did PepsiCo sponsor?


Answer: third

Question: PepsiCo fell to what place by 2010, which is in part credited with refusing to sponsor American Idol?


Answer: season five

Context: The top ten (eleven in season ten) toured at the end of every season. In the season twelve tour a semi-finalist who won a sing-off was also added to the tour. Kellogg's Pop-Tarts was the sponsor for the first seven seasons, and Guitar Hero was added for the season seven tour. M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies was a sponsor of the season nine tour. The season five tour was the most successful tour with gross of over $35 million.

Question: Which season of American Idol had the highest profit on its tour?


Answer: M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies

Question: What company was a sponsor of the American Idol tour in its ninth season?


Answer: a semi-finalist who won a sing-off

Question: Who was added to the tour in season 12?


Answer: Kellogg's Pop-Tarts

Question: Who sponsored the first seven tours?


Answer: M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies

Question: Who sponsored the ninth tour?


Answer: season five

Question: Which was the most successful tour?


Answer: season seven

Context: American Idol has traditionally released studio recordings of contestants' performances as well as the winner's coronation single for sale. For the first five seasons, the recordings were released as a compilation album at the end of the season. All five of these albums reached the top ten in Billboard 200 which made then American Idol the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program. Starting late in season five, individual performances were released during the season as digital downloads, initially from the American Idol official website only. In season seven the live performances and studio recordings were made available during the season from iTunes when it joined as a sponsor. In Season ten the weekly studio recordings were also released as compilation digital album straight after performance night.

Question: When did iTunes become a sponsor on American Idol?


Answer: five

Question: For how many seasons did American Idol put out a compilation of hits at seasons end?


Answer: iTunes

Question: What company has released studio recordings from American Idol since season seven?


Answer: the winner's coronation single

Question: Idol releases both the performances as well as what for sale?


Answer: as a compilation album

Question: How were the recordings released for the initial five seasons?


Answer: the most successful soundtrack franchise

Question: Because all five were in the top ten of Billboard's charts, this made Idol what?


Answer: iTunes

Question: Who joined Idol as a sponsor in season seven?


Answer: 19 Recordings

Context: 19 Recordings, a recording label owned by 19 Entertainment, currently hold the rights to phonographic material recorded by all the contestants. 19 originally partnered with Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG) to promote and distribute the recordings through its labels RCA Records, Arista Records, J Records, Jive Records. In 2005-2007, BMG partnered with Sony Music Entertainment to form a joint venture known as Sony BMG Music Entertainment. From 2008-2010, Sony Music handled the distribution following their acquisition of BMG. Sony Music was partnered with American Idol and distribute its music, and In 2010, Sony was replaced by as the music label for American Idol by UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records.

Question: What company has the right to all recordings from contestants on American Idol?


Answer: UMG

Question: What company took over as American Idols music label in 2010?


Answer: BMG

Question: What company had released music from American Idol in addition to Sony Music Entertainment?


Answer: 19 Entertainment

Question: Who owns 19 Recordings?


Answer: 19 Recordings

Question: Who owns the rights to all phonographic material done by the contestants?


Answer: BMG

Question: Who did 19 initially partner with to distribute the recordings?


Answer: Sony Music Entertainment

Question: Who did BMG partner with in 2005-2007?


Answer: UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records

Question: Who replaced Sony in 2010 as Idol's music label?


Answer: The Walt Disney Company

Context: On February 14, 2009, The Walt Disney Company debuted "The American Idol Experience" at its Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. In this live production, co-produced by 19 Entertainment, park guests chose from a list of songs and auditioned privately for Disney cast members. Those selected then performed on a stage in a 1000-seat theater replicating the Idol set. Three judges, whose mannerisms and style mimicked those of the real Idol judges, critiqued the performances. Audience members then voted for their favorite performer. There were several preliminary-round shows during the day that culminated in a "finals" show in the evening where one of the winners of the previous rounds that day was selected as the overall winner. The winner of the finals show received a "Dream Ticket" that granted them front-of-the-line privileges at any future American Idol audition. The attraction closed on August 30, 2014.

Question: What company has a them park attraction known as The American Idol Experience?


Answer: 2009

Question: In what year did The Walt Disney Company open The American Idol Experience?


Answer: 2014

Question: In what year did The Walt Disney Company close The American Idol Experience?


Answer: 19 Entertainment

Question: What company had a partnership with The Walt Disney Company for The American Idol Experience?


Answer: February 14, 2009

Question: When did the American Idol Experience open?


Answer: Walt Disney World

Question: Where did it open?


Answer: Dream Ticket

Question: What did the winner win?


Answer: August 30, 2014

Question: When did the Experience close?


Answer: over 100

Context: American Idol is broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States. In most nations these are not live broadcasts and may be tape delayed by several days or weeks. In Canada, the first thirteen seasons of American Idol were aired live by CTV and/or CTV Two, in simulcast with Fox. CTV dropped Idol after its thirteenth season and in August 2014, Yes TV announced that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol beginning in its 2015 season.

Question: How many different countries air American Idol on television?


Answer: CTV

Question: What network broadcasted American Idol live in Canada for thirteen seasons?


Answer: 2014

Question: In what year did CTV stop showing live broadcasts of American Idol?


Answer: Yes TV

Question: What Canadian network began airing American Idol in 2015?


Answer: over 100

Question: How many nations receive the Idol broadcast?


Answer: CTV and/or CTV Two

Question: Who aired the first thirteen seasons in Canada?


Answer: Yes TV

Question: Who stated in August 2014 that they picked up the rights beginning in its 2015 season?


Answer: La3

Context: In Latin America, the show is broadcast and subtitled by Sony Entertainment Television. In southeast Asia, it is broadcast by STAR World every Thursday and Friday nine or ten hours after. In Philippines, it is aired every Thursday and Friday nine or ten hours after its United States telecast; from 2002 to 2007 on ABC 5; 2008–11 on QTV, then GMA News TV; and since 2012 on ETC. On Philippine television history. In Australia, it is aired a few hours after the U.S. telecast. It was aired on Network Ten from 2002 to 2007 and then again in 2013, from 2008 to 2012 on Fox8, from season 13 onwards it airs on digital channel, Eleven, a sister channel to Network Ten. In the United Kingdom, episodes are aired one day after the U.S. broadcast on digital channel ITV2. As of season 12, the episodes air on 5*. It is also aired in Ireland on TV3 two days after the telecast. In Brazil and Israel, the show airs two days after its original broadcast. In the instances where the airing is delayed, the shows may sometimes be combined into one episode to summarize the results. In Italy, the twelfth season was broadcast by La3.

Question: What network in Italy aired American Idol in season twelve?


Answer: one

Question: How many days does someone in the United Kingdom have to wait to watch American Idol after its original broadcast?


Answer: STAR World

Question: What television network in Asia shows American Idol?


Answer: Thursday and Friday

Question: On what days of the week does American Idol air in the Philippines?


Answer: STAR World

Question: Who broadcasts Idol in southeast Asia?


Answer: La3

Question: Who broadcast the 12th season in Italy?


Answer: ringers

Context: Individual contestants have generated controversy in this competition for their past actions, or for being 'ringers' planted by the producers. A number of contestants had been disqualified for various reasons, such as for having an existing contract or undisclosed criminal records, although the show had been accused of double standard for disqualifying some but not others.

Question: Producers have been accused of planting what within the show?


Answer: seven

Context: Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of American Idol. It holds the distinction of having the longest winning streak in the Nielsen annual television ratings; it became the highest-rated of all television programs in the United States overall for an unprecedented seven consecutive years, or eight consecutive (and total) years when either its performance or result show was ranked number one overall.

Question: How many consecutive years was American Idol the top rated show?


Answer: eight

Question: How many consecutive years did either the performance or results show rank number one?


Answer: Canis lupus familiaris

Context: The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is a domesticated canid which has been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.

Question: What is the three word Latin name for domesticated dogs?


Answer: domestic dog

Question: What is Canis familiaris?


Answer: millennia

Question: How long has the domestic dog been selectively bred?


Answer: sensory capabilities

Question: Along with various behaviors and physical attributes, what were domestic dogs bred for?


Answer: 2010s

Context: Although initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago. Being the oldest domesticated animal, their long association with people has allowed dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior, as well as thrive on a starch-rich diet which would be inadequate for other canid species.

Question: What decade had significant studies of dog genes to determine origins?


Answer: 40,000

Question: Testing revealed today's dogs trace back by how many years?


Answer: Eurasia

Question: What is the region where domesticated dogs ancestry traces to?


Answer: starch-rich

Question: What type of diet can modern domesticated dogs thrive eating that other dogs cannot?


Answer: extensive genetic studies

Question: What was undertaken in 2010 to determine where dogs originated from?


Answer: man's best friend

Context: Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname "man's best friend" in the Western world. In some cultures, however, dogs are a source of meat.

Question: What is the most common phrase, or nickname, used by people in the United States to describe dogs in general?


Answer: man's best friend

Question: What moniker has been given to dogs in Western cultures?


Answer: meat

Question: Dogs are a source of what in some cultures?


Answer: dukkōn

Context: The term "domestic dog" is generally used for both of the domesticated and feral varieties. The English word dog comes from Middle English dogge, from Old English docga, a "powerful dog breed". The term may possibly derive from Proto-Germanic *dukkōn, represented in Old English finger-docce ("finger-muscle"). The word also shows the familiar petname diminutive -ga also seen in frogga "frog", picga "pig", stagga "stag", wicga "beetle, worm", among others. The term dog may ultimately derive from the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary.

Question: What is the Proto-Germanic word that "dog" may have come from?


Answer: Proto-Indo-European

Question: What may be the earliest vocabulary that the word "dog" came from?


Answer: Old English docga

Question: Where does the word dog originate?


Answer: Proto-Indo-European

Question: Dog could also come from the original layer of what vocabulary?


Answer: hound

Context: In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". By the 16th century, dog had become the general word, and hound had begun to refer only to types used for hunting. The word "hound" is ultimately derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *kwon- "dog".

Question: What was the common 14th-century word for dogs for those who spoke English?


Answer: mastiff.

Question: What breed was so prolific it became a prototype of hound?


Answer: 16th

Question: In what century did "hound" start to only apply to hunting dogs?


Answer: hound

Question: What was the common term for all domesticated dogs in England during the 14th century?


Answer: 16th century

Question: When did the word dog become the common term for canines?


Answer: hunting

Question: Hound became the term for dogs who did what activity during this time?


Answer: *kwon- "dog"

Question: What Proto-Indo-European word is hound from?


Answer: a litter.

Context: In breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in general, called pups or puppies, from French poupée, until they are about a year old. The process of birth is whelping, from the Old English word hwelp.

Question: What are a single birth group of puppies of a dog called collectively?


Answer: sire

Question: What is the male who is father of the pups called?


Answer: poupée

Question: What is the French word that "puppy" comes from?


Answer: whelping

Question: What is giving birth to dogs called?


Answer: bitch

Question: What is the English word for female dog that has also become profanity?


Answer: bitch

Question: A male canine is called a dog while a female canine is called a what in reference to breeding?


Answer: litter

Question: What are canine offspring referred as?


Answer: sire

Question: What is the father of a litter referred as?


Answer: dam

Question: What is the mother of a litter referred as?


Answer: pups

Question: What are the individual litter canines called?


Answer: Canis

Context: In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" or the family dog. On the next page he recorded the wolf as Canis lupus, which means "Dog-wolf". In 1978, a review aimed at reducing the number of recognized Canis species proposed that "Canis dingo is now generally regarded as a distinctive feral domestic dog. Canis familiaris is used for domestic dogs, although taxonomically it should probably be synonymous with Canis lupus." In 1982, the first edition of Mammal Species of the World listed Canis familiaris under Canis lupus with the comment: "Probably ancestor of and conspecific with the domestic dog, familiaris. Canis familiaris has page priority over Canis lupus, but both were published simultaneously in Linnaeus (1758), and Canis lupus has been universally used for this species", which avoided classifying the wolf as the family dog. The dog is now listed among the many other Latin-named subspecies of Canis lupus as Canis lupus familiaris.

Question: What is the Latin term for "dog.?"


Answer: 1758

Question: What year are dogs first listed in Systema Naturae?


Answer: Linnaeus

Question: Who published Systema Naturae?


Answer: wolf

Question: What is the modern single English word for Canis lupus?


Answer: Mammal Species of the World

Question: What 1982 publication listed regular family dogs under wolves?


Answer: Canis

Question: What is the Latin word for dog?


Answer: family dog

Question: Canis familiaris is the classification for dogs, and is known as what?


Answer: Canis lupus

Question: What is the Latin name for a wolf?


Answer: Canis dingo

Question: Feral dogs have what Latin classification?


Answer: 1982

Question: What year was Canis familiaris listed under Canis lupus?


Answer: 2003

Context: In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the note: "Includes the domestic dog as a subspecies, with the dingo provisionally separate - artificial variants created by domestication and selective breeding". However, Canis familiaris is sometimes used due to an ongoing nomenclature debate because wild and domestic animals are separately recognizable entities and that the ICZN allowed users a choice as to which name they could use, and a number of internationally recognized researchers prefer to use Canis familiaris.

Question: What year was it decided that if wolves and dogs were one species, then their scientific name is the name of the wild variety?


Answer: Mammal Species of the World

Question: What 2005 publication in its third edition kept to that ruling?


Answer: Canis familiaris.

Question: What Latin dog term is still used because wild and domesticated dogs are recognizably different?


Answer: ICZN

Question: What official body recognizes both Canis lupus and Canis familiaris?


Answer: Canis familiaris.

Question: Many researchers prefer what term?


Answer: ICZN

Question: Who ruled in 2003 that scientific names for wild animals share the same scientific name as their domestic counterparts?


Answer: Opinion 2027

Question: What was this decision called?


Answer: genetic studies

Context: Later genetic studies strongly supported dogs and gray wolves forming two sister monophyletic clades within the one species, and that the common ancestor of dogs and extant wolves is extinct.

Question: What indicated dogs and gray wolves developed as two monophyletic clades?


Answer: extinct.

Question: The common relative of dogs and existing wolves is now considered what?


Answer: hunter-gatherers

Context: The origin of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is not clear. Whole genome sequencing indicates that the dog, the gray wolf and the extinct Taymyr wolf diverged at around the same time 27,000–40,000 years ago. These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gatherers and not agriculturists. Modern dogs are more closely related to ancient wolf fossils that have been found in Europe than they are to modern gray wolves. Nearly all dog breeds' genetic closeness to the gray wolf are due to admixture, except several Arctic dog breeds are close to the Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture.

Question: Modern dogs likely began when human beings were considered to be what?


Answer: Taimyr wolf of North Asia

Question: Due to admixture, what species are many Arctic dogs related to?


Answer: human hunter-gatherers

Question: Rather than with agriculturists, dogs seemingly were during the time of who?


Answer: gray wolf

Question: Most breeds share a genetic likeness to what animal?


Answer: Taimyr

Question: Some Arctic breeds are more like what wolf rather than the gray wolf?


Answer: Modern dog breeds

Context: Domestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the dog has powerful muscles, fused wrist bones, a cardiovascular system that supports both sprinting and endurance, and teeth for catching and tearing.

Question: What species shows more difference in size, looks and actions than any other?


Answer: catching and tearing.

Question: What are dog teeth best suited for?


Answer: scavengers

Question: Dogs are considered to be predators and what else?


Answer: wrist

Question: What bones in dog legs are fused?


Answer: endurance

Question: A dog's heart and vascular ability if best suited for sprinting and what else?


Answer: catching and tearing

Question: What are a dog's teeth mainly used for?


Answer: scavengers

Question: Dogs originated as predators and what?


Answer: height and weight.

Context: Dogs are highly variable in height and weight. The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier, that stood only 6.3 cm (2.5 in) at the shoulder, 9.5 cm (3.7 in) in length along the head-and-body, and weighed only 113 grams (4.0 oz). The largest known dog was an English Mastiff which weighed 155.6 kg (343 lb) and was 250 cm (98 in) from the snout to the tail. The tallest dog is a Great Dane that stands 106.7 cm (42.0 in) at the shoulder.

Question: Dogs show an extreme range in what two characteristics?


Answer: English Mastiff

Question: What breed was the largest dog known to have lived?


Answer: English Mastiff

Question: What is the biggest known dog?


Answer: double

Context: The coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: "double" being common with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or "single", with the topcoat only.

Question: Which coat is more common with dogs living in colder climates?


Answer: soft down hair

Question: Along with a gruff guard hair, what else makes up the double coat?


Answer: double

Question: What is the more common coat for dogs from colder climates?


Answer: topcoat only

Question: What is a single coat?


Answer: countershading

Context: Domestic dogs often display the remnants of countershading, a common natural camouflage pattern. A countershaded animal will have dark coloring on its upper surfaces and light coloring below, which reduces its general visibility. Thus, many breeds will have an occasional "blaze", stripe, or "star" of white fur on their chest or underside.

Question: When a dog has a camouflage pattern on its coat, this is called what?


Answer: upper surfaces

Question: A dog with countershading has dark coloring where?


Answer: countershading

Question: A natural camo pattern is known as what?


Answer: dark coloring

Question: What color is on a dogs upper surfaces if it has countershading?


Answer: visibility

Question: What is reduced when a dog has countershading?


Answer: tails

Context: There are many different shapes for dog tails: straight, straight up, sickle, curled, or cork-screw. As with many canids, one of the primary functions of a dog's tail is to communicate their emotional state, which can be important in getting along with others. In some hunting dogs, however, the tail is traditionally docked to avoid injuries. In some breeds, such as the Braque du Bourbonnais, puppies can be born with a short tail or no tail at all.

Question: What part of a dog can be straight, curly or cork-screwed?


Answer: emotional state

Question: What does a dog communicate with its tail?


Answer: tails

Question: What part of a dog can be straight, curled, or cork-screwed?


Answer: genetic ailments

Context: Some breeds of dogs are prone to certain genetic ailments such as elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic stenosis, cleft palate, and trick knees. Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all types and ages, and bloat, which affects the larger breeds or deep-chested dogs. Both of these are acute conditions, and can kill rapidly. Dogs are also susceptible to parasites such as fleas, ticks, and mites, as well as hookworms, tapeworms, roundworms, and heartworms.

Question: What are some dogs prone to?


Answer: parasites

Question: What are all dogs susceptible to?


Answer: unspayed

Question: Pyometra usually affects what type of female dog?


Answer: unspayed females

Question: Who does pyometra affect?


Answer: parasites

Question: What are fleas, ticks and mites called?


Answer: toxic

Context: A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine in tobacco can also be dangerous. Dogs can get it by scavenging in garbage or ashtrays; eating cigars and cigarettes. Signs can be vomiting of large amounts (e.g., from eating cigar butts) or diarrhea. Some other signs are abdominal pain, loss of coordination, collapse, or death. Dogs are highly susceptible to theobromine poisoning, typically from ingestion of chocolate. Theobromine is toxic to dogs because, although the dog's metabolism is capable of breaking down the chemical, the process is so slow that even small amounts of chocolate can be fatal, especially dark chocolate.

Question: Some foods that are okay for people to eat are what to dogs?


Answer: xylitol

Question: Grapes, raisins, onions, garlic and what common sugar alcohol (sweetener) is toxic to dogs?


Answer: macadamia

Question: What type of nut is poisonous to dogs?


Answer: theobromine

Question: What is the chemical in chocolate that is poisonous to dogs?


Answer: toxic

Question: Some human foods can be what to dogs?


Answer: nicotine

Question: What in tobacco can hurt dogs?


Answer: dark

Question: What form of chocolate is especially toxic to dogs?


Answer: 1.2 years

Context: In 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds, and that increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity (i.e. the heavier the dog the shorter its lifespan).

Question: Mutts, dogs that have several breed characteristics, live how much longer than purebred dogs?


Answer: shorter

Question: Do bigger dogs typically have longer or shorter lives?


Answer: 2013

Question: When was a study done that discovered mixed breeds tend to live longer than pure breeds?


Answer: 1.2 years longer

Question: Typically, how much longer do mixed breeds live?


Answer: 10 to 13 years.

Context: The typical lifespan of dogs varies widely among breeds, but for most the median longevity, the age at which half the dogs in a population have died and half are still alive, ranges from 10 to 13 years. Individual dogs may live well beyond the median of their breed.

Question: What is the median lifespan of canines?


Answer: Dogue de Bordeaux

Context: The breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived, with median longevities of 6 to 7 years.

Question: What is the canine breed with shortest median lifespan?


Answer: 5.2 years

Question: What is the median length of life for the canine breed that lives the least amount of years?


Answer: 6 to 7 years.

Question: What is the average lifespan of an Irish Wolfhound?


Answer: Dogue de Bordeaux

Question: Which dog has the shortest lifespan?


Answer: 5.2 years

Question: What is the average lifespan for a Dogue de Borddeaux?


Answer: 14 to 15 years.

Context: The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog widely reported to be the longest-lived is "Bluey", who died in 1939 and was claimed to be 29.5 years old at the time of his death. On 5 December 2011, Pusuke, the world's oldest living dog recognized by Guinness Book of World Records, died aged 26 years and 9 months.

Question: What is the average length of years of life for canines with long lifespans?


Answer: Bluey

Question: What is the name of the canine that is reported to have lived the longest?


Answer: Pusuke

Question: What is the name of the dog in the Guinness Book of World Records for longest lived?


Answer: 1939

Question: What year did the dog die that is reported to be the longest lived but not officially in a record book?


Answer: Bluey

Question: What was the name of the dog who lived to be 29.5 years?


Answer: 1939

Question: When did Bluey die?


Answer: Pusuke

Question: Who did the Guinness Book of World Records say was the oldest dog in 2011?


Answer: two

Context: In domestic dogs, sexual maturity begins to happen around age six to twelve months for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years old for some large breeds. This is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle. They will experience subsequent estrous cycles biannually, during which the body prepares for pregnancy. At the peak of the cycle, females will come into estrus, being mentally and physically receptive to copulation. Because the ova survive and are capable of being fertilized for a week after ovulation, it is possible for a female to mate with more than one male.

Question: How many times per year do female dogs go into heat?


Answer: pregnancy.

Question: What does going into heat (estrous) prepare a female dog for?


Answer: two years

Question: Some larger breeds could take how long to become sexually mature?


Answer: first estrous cycle

Question: What does a female dog experience at sexual maturity?


Answer: 58 to 68 days

Context: Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. In general, toy dogs produce from one to four puppies in each litter, while much larger breeds may average as many as twelve.

Question: How long do female dogs carry before delivering puppies?


Answer: 63 days

Question: What is the average length of dog pregnancy?


Answer: about six

Question: What is the average number of pups in a litter?


Answer: one to four

Question: For small dogs, what is the average number of pups in a litter?


Answer: 63 days

Question: What is the average for a dog to bear her litter?


Answer: six

Question: What is the average number of pups per litter?


Answer: one to four

Question: Smaller dogs tend to have how many pups per litter?


Answer: Neutering

Context: Neutering refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), advise that dogs not intended for further breeding should be neutered, so that they do not have undesired puppies that may have to later be euthanized.

Question: What is it called when an animal is altered to prevent procreation?


Answer: the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA)

Question: According to the text, what agency recommends altering dogs to prevent pregnancies?


Answer: testicles

Question: What is typically surgically removed on male dogs to prevent procreation?


Answer: ovaries and uterus

Question: What is usually removed in female dogs to prevent pregnancy?


Answer: testicles

Question: In neutering, what is removed in a male dog?


Answer: ovaries and uterus

Question: In neutering, what is removed in female dogs?


Answer: neutered

Question: What does the ASPCA recommend for dogs who are not used for breeding purposes?


Answer: Neutering

Context: Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs. Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs. However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs, and prostate cancer in males, as well as osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, cruciate ligament rupture, obesity, and diabetes mellitus in either sex.

Question: Hypersexual behavior in male dogs is diminished by what?


Answer: urinary incontinence

Question: According to the text, what is a possible side effect of neutering a female dog?


Answer: Spayed

Question: Female dogs are less likely to develop cancer if what happens?


Answer: urinary incontinence

Question: What is increased in female dogs with neutering?


Answer: prostate cancer

Question: What is increased in male dogs with neutering?


Answer: Rico

Context: Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly retrieved those novel items immediately and also 4 weeks after the initial exposure. Dogs have advanced memory skills. A study documented the learning and memory capabilities of a border collie, "Chaser", who had learned the names and could associate by verbal command over 1,000 words. Dogs are able to read and react appropriately to human body language such as gesturing and pointing, and to understand human voice commands. Dogs demonstrate a theory of mind by engaging in deception. A study showed compelling evidence that Australian dingos can outperform domestic dogs in non-social problem-solving experiment, indicating that domestic dogs may have lost much of their original problem-solving abilities once they joined humans. Another study indicated that after undergoing training to solve a simple manipulation task, dogs that are faced with an insoluble version of the same problem look at the human, while socialized wolves do not. Modern domestic dogs use humans to solve their problems for them.

Question: What is the name of the dog that could ID over 200 things?


Answer: Chaser

Question: What is the name of the Border collie that knew over 1000 words?


Answer: gesturing and pointing

Question: In addition to interpreting body language and verbal commands dogs can also interpret what two other things?


Answer: Australian dingos

Question: What wild canine did better at a problem-solving experiment?


Answer: to solve their problems for them.

Question: What is one thing, according to the text, that domesticated dogs use humans for?


Answer: intelligence

Question: Perceiving information and retaining it is what?


Answer: over 200

Question: How many labels does Rico the dog know?


Answer: advanced

Question: What kind of memory skills do dogs have?


Answer: over 1,000

Question: How many words did Chaser know?


Answer: 9,000–30,000 years BCE

Context: Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with humans. As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to our behaviors. Behavioral scientists have uncovered a surprising set of social-cognitive abilities in the otherwise humble domestic dog. These abilities are not possessed by the dog's closest canine relatives nor by other highly intelligent mammals such as great apes. Rather, these skills parallel some of the social-cognitive skills of human children.

Question: Dogs are estimated to be domesticated as far back as what date range of years on the calendar?


Answer: humans.

Question: Dog minds have been shaped by thousands of years of contact with what species?


Answer: social-cognitive skills of human children

Question: What do some dog skills parallel in human beings?


Answer: humans.

Question: Dogs are very well attuned to what other species' behaviors?


Answer: humans.

Question: Dogs can understand and communicate with what other species?


Answer: Dog behavior

Question: What is a dog's responses to stimuli known as?


Answer: understand and communicate

Question: More than any other species, dogs are able to do what with people?


Answer: human children

Question: Dogs have some social skills that parallel what?


Answer: scents, pheromones and taste

Context: Dog communication is about how dogs "speak" to each other, how they understand messages that humans send to them, and how humans can translate the ideas that dogs are trying to transmit.:xii These communication behaviors include eye gaze, facial expression, vocalization, body posture (including movements of bodies and limbs) and gustatory communication (scents, pheromones and taste). Humans communicate with dogs by using vocalization, hand signals and body posture.

Question: What is gustatory communication include in dogs?


Answer: hand signals

Question: People communicate with dogs by voice commands, body language or posture and what else?


Answer: Dog communication

Question: Eye gaze, vocalization and body posture are examples of what?


Answer: hand signals

Question: In addition to vocalization and body posture, how do people communicate with dogs?


Answer: dogs.

Context: Despite their close genetic relationship and the ability to inter-breed, there are a number of diagnostic features to distinguish the gray wolves from domestic dogs. Domesticated dogs are clearly distinguishable from wolves by starch gel electrophoresis of red blood cell acid phosphatase. The tympanic bullae are large, convex and almost spherical in gray wolves, while the bullae of dogs are smaller, compressed and slightly crumpled. Compared to equally sized wolves, dogs tend to have 20% smaller skulls and 30% smaller brains.:35 The teeth of gray wolves are also proportionately larger than those of dogs; the premolars and molars of wolves are much less crowded and have more complex cusp patterns. Wolves do not have dewclaws on their back legs, unless there has been admixture with dogs. Dogs lack a functioning pre-caudal gland, and most enter estrus twice yearly, unlike gray wolves which only do so once a year. Dogs require fewer calories to function than wolves. The dog's limp ears may be the result of atrophy of the jaw muscles. The skin of domestic dogs tends to be thicker than that of wolves, with some Inuit tribes favoring the former for use as clothing due to its greater resistance to wear and tear in harsh weather.

Question: Which typically has thicker skin, dogs or wolves?


Answer: atrophy of the jaw muscles.

Question: Dogs having ears that are not erect may be due to what?


Answer: diagnostic features

Question: What kind of features differentiate gray wolves from dogs?


Answer: once a year.

Question: How often do female wolves enter estrus?


Answer: behaviors.

Context: Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural evolution, and indicate selection on both morphology and behavior during dog domestication. These genes have been shown to have an impact on the catecholamine synthesis pathway, with the majority of the genes affecting the fight-or-flight response (i.e. selection for tameness), and emotional processing. Dogs generally show reduced fear and aggression compared to wolves. Some of these genes have been associated with aggression in some dog breeds, indicating their importance in both the initial domestication and then later in breed formation.

Question: Instead of genetic traits for production, dogs are bred for what?


Answer: 11

Question: How many "fixed" genes demonstrate the differences between the wolf and dog?


Answer: morphology and behavior

Question: The gene differences indicate what two things done by selection in dogs during breeding for domestication?


Answer: tameness

Question: What is the common trait selected for dogs in overall breeding?


Answer: fear and aggression

Question: What do most dogs show less of than wolves?


Answer: production-related traits

Question: Most domestic animals were selected for what traits?


Answer: for their behaviors.

Question: Why were dogs initially selected?


Answer: 11

Question: For wolves and dogs, how many fixed genes show a variation?


Answer: aggression

Question: Dogs show less fear and what as opposed to wolves?


Answer: 525 million

Context: The global dog population is estimated at 525 million:225 based on a transparent methodology, as opposed to other estimates where the methodology has not been made available – all dog population estimates are based on regional human population densities and land uses.

Question: What is the larger count for numbers of dogs considered to populate the planet?


Answer: 525 million

Question: How many dogs are estimated to be in the world?


Answer: human population densities

Question: What are dog population estimates based on other than land uses?


Answer: apex

Context: Although large wild dogs, like wolves, are apex predators, they can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals. Furthermore, in areas where both dogs and other large predators live, dogs can be a major food source for big cats or canines. Reports from Croatia indicate wolves kill dogs more frequently than they kill sheep. Wolves in Russia apparently limit feral dog populations. In Wisconsin, more compensation has been paid for dog losses than livestock. Some wolf pairs have been reported to prey on dogs by having one wolf lure the dog out into heavy brush where the second animal waits in ambush. In some instances, wolves have displayed an uncharacteristic fearlessness of humans and buildings when attacking dogs, to the extent that they have to be beaten off or killed.

Question: Like wolves, big domesticated dogs are considered what type of predator?


Answer: fearless

Question: Wolves may act in what behavioral manner when attacking dogs?


Answer: dogs

Question: What animal is reported to be killed more often than sheep by wolves in Croatia?


Answer: apex

Question: Like wolves, what kind of predators are large dogs?


Answer: sheep

Question: Dogs die as a result of Croatian wolf encounters more than what kind of animal?


Answer: Wolves

Question: What limits the feral dog population in Russia?


Answer: leopards.

Context: Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. Leopards in particular are known to have a predilection for dogs, and have been recorded to kill and consume them regardless of the dog's size or ferocity. Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as leopards. Striped hyenas are major predators of village dogs in Turkmenistan, India, and the Caucasus. Reptiles such as alligators and pythons have been known to kill and eat dogs.

Question: What large cat has a particular taste for dogs no matter how big the dog is?


Answer: Striped hyenas

Question: What is a typical predator of dogs in places such as Turkmenistan?


Answer: alligators and pythons

Question: What two reptiles kill dogs and consume them?


Answer: Leopards

Question: What big cat has a tendency to attack dogs?


Answer: Tigers

Question: What big cats in Indonesia also attack dogs?


Answer: alligators and pythons

Question: What type of reptiles eat dogs?


Answer: Striped hyenas

Question: What is a known predator of village dogs in India?


Answer: omnivores

Context: Despite their descent from wolves and classification as Carnivora, dogs are variously described in scholarly and other writings as carnivores or omnivores. Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific protein nor a very high level of protein in order to fulfill their basic dietary requirements. Dogs will healthily digest a variety of foods, including vegetables and grains, and can consume a large proportion of these in their diet. Comparing dogs and wolves, dogs have adaptations in genes involved in starch digestion that contribute to an increased ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet.

Question: Dogs exhibit carnivore as well as what other type of dietary behavior?


Answer: vegetables and grains

Question: Dogs can digest meat as well as what else?


Answer: obligate

Question: Cats are known as what type of carnivore?


Answer: carnivores or omnivores

Question: Because of what they eat, dogs are classified as what?


Answer: protein

Question: Dogs do not require a very high level of what when eating?


Answer: starch

Question: Dogs have genes that allow them to thrive on what when compared to wolves, who cannot?


Answer: a few hundred years

Context: Most breeds of dog are at most a few hundred years old, having been artificially selected for particular morphologies and behaviors by people for specific functional roles. Through this selective breeding, the dog has developed into hundreds of varied breeds, and shows more behavioral and morphological variation than any other land mammal. For example, height measured to the withers ranges from 15.2 centimetres (6.0 in) in the Chihuahua to about 76 cm (30 in) in the Irish Wolfhound; color varies from white through grays (usually called "blue") to black, and browns from light (tan) to dark ("red" or "chocolate") in a wide variation of patterns; coats can be short or long, coarse-haired to wool-like, straight, curly, or smooth. It is common for most breeds to shed this coat.

Question: The majority of dog breeds have only been around for how long?


Answer: particular morphologies and behaviors

Question: People selected dogs they wanted based on what two things?


Answer: selective breeding

Question: Hundreds of different dog breeds exist because of what?


Answer: Irish Wolfhound

Question: Height measurements in dogs go from six inches for Chihuahuas to 30 inches in what breed?


Answer: a few hundred years old

Question: How old are most dog breeds?


Answer: hundreds

Question: How many different breeds are there?


Answer: blue

Question: Gray color is often called what when referring to dogs?


Answer: selective breeding

Context: While all dogs are genetically very similar, natural selection and selective breeding have reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs, giving rise to dog types and dog breeds. Dog types are broad categories based on function, genetics, or characteristics. Dog breeds are groups of animals that possess a set of inherited characteristics that distinguishes them from other animals within the same species. Modern dog breeds are non-scientific classifications of dogs kept by modern kennel clubs.

Question: Natural selection and what makes certain dogs behave certain ways?


Answer: breed

Question: What distinguishes different types of dogs from one another?


Answer: modern kennel clubs.

Question: Who keeps classifications of different dog breeds?


Answer: natural selection and selective breeding

Question: What is responsible for different dog types and breeds today?


Answer: breeds

Question: Animals that share characteristics that are different than what other animals in that species have is known as what?


Answer: non-scientific

Question: Modern dog breeds are what type of classification which is maintained by modern kennel clubs?


Answer: unsystematic.

Context: Purebred dogs of one breed are genetically distinguishable from purebred dogs of other breeds, but the means by which kennel clubs classify dogs is unsystematic. Systematic analyses of the dog genome has revealed only four major types of dogs that can be said to be statistically distinct. These include the "old world dogs" (e.g., Malamute and Shar Pei), "Mastiff"-type (e.g., English Mastiff), "herding"-type (e.g., Border Collie), and "all others" (also called "modern"- or "hunting"-type).

Question: The methods kennel clubs used to classify dogs is what?


Answer: four

Question: A scientific study of dog genetics has shown only how many types of dogs being determinably distinct?


Answer: Malamute and Shar Pei

Question: What, according to the text, are two examples of "old world" dogs?


Answer: herding

Question: the Border collie is an example of what type of dog?


Answer: four

Question: How many main types of dogs are there?


Answer: old world dogs

Question: What type of dogs are Shar Peis?


Answer: all others

Question: What are the other modern and hunting types of dogs called?


Answer: bite inhibition

Context: Domestic dogs inherited complex behaviors, such as bite inhibition, from their wolf ancestors, which would have been pack hunters with complex body language. These sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication may account for their trainability, playfulness, and ability to fit into human households and social situations, and these attributes have given dogs a relationship with humans that has enabled them to become one of the most successful species on the planet today.:pages95-136

Question: What is one of the complex behaviors pet dogs have gotten from wolves?


Answer: sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication

Question: What may make dogs have the ability to be trained by, play with and fit in with people?


Answer: one of the most successful species on the planet today.

Question: Higher social attributes and human relationships may have caused dogs to reach what as a species?


Answer: bite inhibition

Question: What is a complex behavior that dogs inherited from wolves?


Answer: hunter-gatherers

Context: The dogs' value to early human hunter-gatherers led to them quickly becoming ubiquitous across world cultures. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname "man's best friend" in the Western world. In some cultures, however, dogs are also a source of meat.

Question: Dogs had a worth to what type of early humans?


Answer: aiding handicapped individuals.

Question: Dogs have hunted with and done other things for people for a long time, but what is a more recent help to people they provide?


Answer: man's best friend

Question: Because of a dog's resourcefulness to people, they have been given what nickname?


Answer: a source of meat

Question: Some cultures treat dogs as what rather than companions?


Answer: food scraps.

Context: Humans would also have derived enormous benefit from the dogs associated with their camps. For instance, dogs would have improved sanitation by cleaning up food scraps. Dogs may have provided warmth, as referred to in the Australian Aboriginal expression "three dog night" (an exceptionally cold night), and they would have alerted the camp to the presence of predators or strangers, using their acute hearing to provide an early warning.

Question: What did dogs clean up to help with keeping habitations of people clean?


Answer: three dog night

Question: What do Australian aborigines call a frigid night?


Answer: early warning.

Question: What did a dog's good hearing help humans with?


Answer: cleaning up food scraps

Question: How could dogs have helped with sanitation issues in camps?


Answer: three dog night

Question: What is the Australian Aboriginal expression that indicates a very cold night?


Answer: cooperative hunting

Context: Anthropologists believe the most significant benefit would have been the use of dogs' robust sense of smell to assist with the hunt. The relationship between the presence of a dog and success in the hunt is often mentioned as a primary reason for the domestication of the wolf, and a 2004 study of hunter groups with and without a dog gives quantitative support to the hypothesis that the benefits of cooperative hunting was an important factor in wolf domestication.

Question: What type of hunting is it called when humans and dogs hunt together?


Answer: 2004

Question: What year was research completed to demonstrate humans benefited by having dogs hunt with them?


Answer: sense of smell

Question: What would have been the top benefit for dogs in camps?


Answer: the domestication of the wolf

Question: The successful mixing of dogs with hunting is often given as a primary reason for what?


Answer: sled dogs

Context: Emigrants from Siberia that walked across the Bering land bridge into North America may have had dogs in their company, and one writer suggests that the use of sled dogs may have been critical to the success of the waves that entered North America roughly 12,000 years ago, although the earliest archaeological evidence of dog-like canids in North America dates from about 9,400 years ago.:104 Dogs were an important part of life for the Athabascan population in North America, and were their only domesticated animal. Dogs also carried much of the load in the migration of the Apache and Navajo tribes 1,400 years ago. Use of dogs as pack animals in these cultures often persisted after the introduction of the horse to North America.

Question: What type of working dog may have been the reason so many humans were able to get into North America 12,000 tears ago?


Answer: Bering land bridge

Question: What did ancient people walk across from Siberia into North America?


Answer: 9,400 years

Question: How old are the oldest findings of dogs in North America?


Answer: 12,000 years ago

Question: Evidence places dogs in North America when?


Answer: Athabascan

Question: Dogs were the only domesticated animals for what North American population?


Answer: Apache and Navajo tribes

Question: Dogs contributed to what migration 1400 years ago?


Answer: horse

Question: People still used dogs as pack animals even after what other animal began being used for this purpose?


Answer: puppy

Context: "The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs" and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. (As a possible example, at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha in Israel, dated to 12,000 BC, the remains of an elderly human and a four-to-five-month-old puppy were found buried together). However, pet dog populations grew significantly after World War II as suburbanization increased. In the 1950s and 1960s, dogs were kept outside more often than they tend to be today (using the expression "in the doghouse" to describe exclusion from the group signifies the distance between the doghouse and the home) and were still primarily functional, acting as a guard, children's playmate, or walking companion. From the 1980s, there have been changes in the role of the pet dog, such as the increased role of dogs in the emotional support of their human guardians. People and dogs have become increasingly integrated and implicated in each other's lives, to the point where pet dogs actively shape the way a family and home are experienced.

Question: A grave from 12,000 BC was found to contain an older person and what else?


Answer: humans and dogs

Question: What two species have the most widespread bonding?


Answer: after World War II

Question: When did more people begin to keep dogs as pets?


Answer: 1980s

Question: What decade showed a change in the way people kept dogs as pets?


Answer: outside

Question: In the 1950s and 1960s most dogs where kept where?


Answer: elites

Question: Historically, who in particular had dogs as companions?


Answer: outside

Question: Dogs were kept where in the 1950s and 1960s as compared to today?


Answer: 1980s

Question: When did the role of dogs change to be more than guardians or walking companions?


Answer: commodification

Context: There have been two major trends in the changing status of pet dogs. The first has been the 'commodification' of the dog, shaping it to conform to human expectations of personality and behaviour. The second has been the broadening of the concept of the family and the home to include dogs-as-dogs within everyday routines and practices.

Question: Shaping dogs to what people want is called what?


Answer: dogs.

Question: The idea of what constitutes a family, from the human perspective, has enlarged to include what?


Answer: two

Question: How many big trends are involved in how much the position of dogs has changed in human civilization?


Answer: commodification

Question: When a person shapes a dog to conform to his expectations of behavior, it is called what?


Answer: everyday routines

Question: A second major trend has been increasing the idea of family and home to include dogs in what?


Answer: commodity forms

Context: There are a vast range of commodity forms available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion. The list of goods, services and places available is enormous: from dog perfumes, couture, furniture and housing, to dog groomers, therapists, trainers and caretakers, dog cafes, spas, parks and beaches, and dog hotels, airlines and cemeteries. While dog training as an organized activity can be traced back to the 18th century, in the last decades of the 20th century it became a high profile issue as many normal dog behaviors such as barking, jumping up, digging, rolling in dung, fighting, and urine marking (which dogs do to establish territory through scent), became increasingly incompatible with the new role of a pet dog. Dog training books, classes and television programs proliferated as the process of commodifying the pet dog continued.

Question: It is easy to turn a canine into the perfect companion because so much of what is available?


Answer: 18th

Question: Dog training can be researched back to what century?


Answer: urine marking

Question: How do dogs establish their territory as far as scent is concerned?


Answer: 18th century

Question: How far back can dog training be found?


Answer: urine marking

Question: How do dogs mark their territory?


Answer: training

Question: What has become important to ensure dogs do not do things that humans don't want them to do, such as jumping?


Answer: part of the family

Context: The majority of contemporary people with dogs describe their pet as part of the family, although some ambivalence about the relationship is evident in the popular reconceptualization of the dog–human family as a pack. A dominance model of dog–human relationships has been promoted by some dog trainers, such as on the television program Dog Whisperer. However it has been disputed that "trying to achieve status" is characteristic of dog–human interactions. Pet dogs play an active role in family life; for example, a study of conversations in dog–human families showed how family members use the dog as a resource, talking to the dog, or talking through the dog, to mediate their interactions with each other.

Question: How do most people describe the relationship with their dogs?


Answer: Dog Whisperer.

Question: What television show uses a dominance model of dog and human relationships?


Answer: part of the family

Question: Most people today describe their dogs as what?


Answer: Dog Whisperer

Question: What TV show promotes a dominance model for the relationships people have with their dogs?


Answer: newspaper

Context: Another study of dogs' roles in families showed many dogs have set tasks or routines undertaken as family members, the most common of which was helping with the washing-up by licking the plates in the dishwasher, and bringing in the newspaper from the lawn. Increasingly, human family members are engaging in activities centered on the perceived needs and interests of the dog, or in which the dog is an integral partner, such as dog dancing and dog yoga.

Question: A study showed that a task dogs do is bringing in what from the lawn?


Answer: plates

Question: Dogs often help clean in the kitchen by licking what?


Answer: dog yoga.

Question: In addition to dog dancing, what is another activity that families are doing that is centered around their pet?


Answer: set tasks or routines

Question: What do many dogs have to do in the families where they live?


Answer: the newspaper

Question: What are dogs often taught to bring in from outdoors?


Answer: 77.5 million

Context: According to statistics published by the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association in the National Pet Owner Survey in 2009–2010, it is estimated there are 77.5 million people with pet dogs in the United States. The same survey shows nearly 40% of American households own at least one dog, of which 67% own just one dog, 25% two dogs and nearly 9% more than two dogs. There does not seem to be any gender preference among dogs as pets, as the statistical data reveal an equal number of female and male dog pets. Yet, although several programs are undergoing to promote pet adoption, less than a fifth of the owned dogs come from a shelter.

Question: The National Pet Owner Survey reported how many people had pet dogs in America between 2009 and 2010?


Answer: 77.5 million

Question: How many people in the United States are said to own dog?


Answer: magnetic resonance imaging

Context: The latest study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to humans and dogs together proved that dogs have same response to voices and use the same parts of the brain as humans to do so. This gives dogs the ability to recognize emotional human sounds, making them friendly social pets to humans.

Question: What type of imaging was used to study the relationship between humans and dogs?


Answer: voices

Question: An MRI study on dogs proved that dogs have the same response as humans to what?


Answer: the brain

Question: An MRI study on dogs proved that dogs use the same parts of what as humans?


Answer: emotion

Question: Because dogs respond to voices the same way humans do, they are able to recognize what in human sounds, making them social?


Answer: MRI

Question: What technology was used to show that dogs respond to voices in the same brain parts as people?


Answer: emotional

Question: Dogs have the ability to recognize what type of human sounds?


Answer: man's best friend

Context: Dogs have lived and worked with humans in so many roles that they have earned the unique nickname, "man's best friend", a phrase used in other languages as well. They have been bred for herding livestock, hunting (e.g. pointers and hounds), rodent control, guarding, helping fishermen with nets, detection dogs, and pulling loads, in addition to their roles as companions. In 1957, a husky-terrier mix named Laika became the first animal to orbit the Earth.

Question: What nickname have dogs earned for their relationship to humans?


Answer: hunt

Question: Pointers and hounds are bred to do what?


Answer: nets

Question: Certain dogs are bred to help fishermen with what?


Answer: Laika

Question: Who was the first dog to orbit the earth in 1957?


Answer: husky-terrier mix

Question: What breed was Laika?


Answer: man's best friend

Question: What phrase describing dogs is used in different languages?


Answer: pointers and hounds

Question: What dog types, in the text, are used for hunting?


Answer: nets

Question: Some dogs help fishermen with what?


Answer: Laika

Question: What is the name of the dog to first orbit the Earth?


Answer: 1957

Question: What year was the first dog sent into space?


Answer: Service dogs

Context: Service dogs such as guide dogs, utility dogs, assistance dogs, hearing dogs, and psychological therapy dogs provide assistance to individuals with physical or mental disabilities. Some dogs owned by epileptics have been shown to alert their handler when the handler shows signs of an impending seizure, sometimes well in advance of onset, allowing the guardian to seek safety, medication, or medical care.

Question: What kind of dogs help people with physical or mental disabilities?


Answer: medical care.

Question: Early warning allows epileptics to get to safety, get medication or what else?


Answer: breed shows

Context: In conformation shows, also referred to as breed shows, a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard. As the breed standard only deals with the externally observable qualities of the dog (such as appearance, movement, and temperament), separately tested qualities (such as ability or health) are not part of the judging in conformation shows.

Question: What are conformation shows also known as?


Answer: a judge

Question: Who evaluates dogs at breed shows?


Answer: conformity with their established breed

Question: What is the judge looking for in specific breeds?


Answer: externally observable qualities

Question: What is the only standard judged?


Answer: conformation shows.

Question: What is another word for "breed shows"?


Answer: a judge

Question: What is the evaluator called in a breed show?


Answer: externally observable qualities

Question: The breed standard only is about what?


Answer: health

Question: Abilities and what else are not tested at breed shows?