Question: What method does Spanish use to identify the object?

Answer: preposition

This flexibility allows Catalan to use extraposition extensively, much more than French or Spanish. Thus, Catalan can have m'hi recomanaren ("they recommended me to him"), whereas in French one must say ils m'ont recommandé à lui, and Spanish me recomendaron a él. <hl> This allows the placement of almost any nominal term as a sentence topic, without having to use so often the passive voice (as in French or English), or identifying the direct object with a preposition (as in Spanish). <hl>

This flexibility allows Catalan to use extraposition extensively, much more than French or Spanish. Thus, Catalan can have m'hi recomanaren ("they recommended me to him"), whereas in French one must say ils m'ont recommandé à lui, and Spanish me recomendaron a él. This allows the placement of almost any nominal term as a sentence topic, without having to use so often the passive voice (as in French or English), or identifying the direct object with a <hl> preposition <hl> (as in Spanish).


Question: What is Catalan verbal inflection ?

Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal. Suffixation is omnipresent, whereas morphological alternations play a secondary role. Vowel alternances are active, as well as infixation and suppletion. However, these are not as productive as in Spanish, and are mostly restricted to irregular verbs.

Answer: more complex

<hl> Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal. <hl> Suffixation is omnipresent, whereas morphological alternations play a secondary role. Vowel alternances are active, as well as infixation and suppletion. However, these are not as productive as in Spanish, and are mostly restricted to irregular verbs.

Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is <hl> more complex <hl> than the nominal. Suffixation is omnipresent, whereas morphological alternations play a secondary role. Vowel alternances are active, as well as infixation and suppletion. However, these are not as productive as in Spanish, and are mostly restricted to irregular verbs.


Question: What plays a primary part in Catalan?

Answer: Suffixation

Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal. <hl> Suffixation is omnipresent, whereas morphological alternations play a secondary role. <hl> Vowel alternances are active, as well as infixation and suppletion. However, these are not as productive as in Spanish, and are mostly restricted to irregular verbs.

Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal. <hl> Suffixation <hl> is omnipresent, whereas morphological alternations play a secondary role. Vowel alternances are active, as well as infixation and suppletion. However, these are not as productive as in Spanish, and are mostly restricted to irregular verbs.


Question: What plays a secondary part in Catalan?

Answer: morphological alternations

Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal. <hl> Suffixation is omnipresent, whereas morphological alternations play a secondary role. <hl> Vowel alternances are active, as well as infixation and suppletion. However, these are not as productive as in Spanish, and are mostly restricted to irregular verbs.

Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal. Suffixation is omnipresent, whereas <hl> morphological alternations <hl> play a secondary role. Vowel alternances are active, as well as infixation and suppletion. However, these are not as productive as in Spanish, and are mostly restricted to irregular verbs.


Question: How are vowel alternances in Catalan?

Answer: active

Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal. Suffixation is omnipresent, whereas morphological alternations play a secondary role. <hl> Vowel alternances are active , as well as infixation and suppletion. <hl> However, these are not as productive as in Spanish, and are mostly restricted to irregular verbs.

Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal. Suffixation is omnipresent, whereas morphological alternations play a secondary role. Vowel alternances are <hl> active <hl>, as well as infixation and suppletion. However, these are not as productive as in Spanish, and are mostly restricted to irregular verbs.

Vowel alternances are <hl> active <hl> , as well as infixation and suppletion.


Question: What system is common to Western Romance?

Answer: Catalan verbal system

<hl> The Catalan verbal system is basically common to all Western Romance, except that most dialects have replaced the synthetic indicative perfect with a periphrastic form of anar ("to go") + infinitive. <hl>

The <hl> Catalan verbal system <hl> is basically common to all Western Romance, except that most dialects have replaced the synthetic indicative perfect with a periphrastic form of anar ("to go") + infinitive.


Question: What have many dialects replaced?

Answer: synthetic indicative perfect

<hl> The Catalan verbal system is basically common to all Western Romance, except that most dialects have replaced the synthetic indicative perfect with a periphrastic form of anar ("to go") + infinitive. <hl>

The Catalan verbal system is basically common to all Western Romance, except that most dialects have replaced the <hl> synthetic indicative perfect <hl> with a periphrastic form of anar ("to go") + infinitive.


Question: What is the Catalan verbal system common to?

Answer: all Western Romance

<hl> The Catalan verbal system is basically common to all Western Romance , except that most dialects have replaced the synthetic indicative perfect with a periphrastic form of anar ("to go") + infinitive. <hl>

The Catalan verbal system is basically common to <hl> all Western Romance <hl>, except that most dialects have replaced the synthetic indicative perfect with a periphrastic form of anar ("to go") + infinitive.

The Catalan verbal system is basically common to <hl> all Western Romance <hl> , except that most dialects have replaced the synthetic indicative perfect with a periphrastic form of anar ("to go") + infinitive.


Question: How are Catalan verbs grouped?

Catalan verbs are traditionally divided into three conjugations, with vowel themes -a-, -e-, -i-, the last two being split into two subtypes. However, this division is mostly theoretical. Only the first conjugation is nowadays productive (with about 3500 common verbs), whereas the third (the subtype of servir, with about 700 common verbs) is semiproductive. The verbs of the second conjugation are fewer than 100, and it is not possible to create new ones, except by compounding.

Answer: into three conjugations

<hl> Catalan verbs are traditionally divided into three conjugations , with vowel themes -a-, -e-, -i-, the last two being split into two subtypes. <hl> However, this division is mostly theoretical. Only the first conjugation is nowadays productive (with about 3500 common verbs), whereas the third (the subtype of servir, with about 700 common verbs) is semiproductive. The verbs of the second conjugation are fewer than 100, and it is not possible to create new ones, except by compounding.

Catalan verbs are traditionally divided <hl> into three conjugations <hl>, with vowel themes -a-, -e-, -i-, the last two being split into two subtypes. However, this division is mostly theoretical. Only the first conjugation is nowadays productive (with about 3500 common verbs), whereas the third (the subtype of servir, with about 700 common verbs) is semiproductive. The verbs of the second conjugation are fewer than 100, and it is not possible to create new ones, except by compounding.

Catalan verbs are traditionally divided <hl> into three conjugations <hl> , with vowel themes -a-, -e-, -i-, the last two being split into two subtypes.


Question: Which conjugation has about 3500 verbs?

Answer: first conjugation

Catalan verbs are traditionally divided into three conjugations, with vowel themes -a-, -e-, -i-, the last two being split into two subtypes. However, this division is mostly theoretical. <hl> Only the first conjugation is nowadays productive (with about 3500 common verbs), whereas the third (the subtype of servir, with about 700 common verbs) is semiproductive. <hl> The verbs of the second conjugation are fewer than 100, and it is not possible to create new ones, except by compounding.

Catalan verbs are traditionally divided into three conjugations, with vowel themes -a-, -e-, -i-, the last two being split into two subtypes. However, this division is mostly theoretical. Only the <hl> first conjugation <hl> is nowadays productive (with about 3500 common verbs), whereas the third (the subtype of servir, with about 700 common verbs) is semiproductive. The verbs of the second conjugation are fewer than 100, and it is not possible to create new ones, except by compounding.


Question: How many verbs are in the third conjugation?

Answer: 700

Catalan verbs are traditionally divided into three conjugations, with vowel themes -a-, -e-, -i-, the last two being split into two subtypes. However, this division is mostly theoretical. <hl> Only the first conjugation is nowadays productive (with about 3500 common verbs), whereas the third (the subtype of servir, with about 700 common verbs) is semiproductive. <hl> The verbs of the second conjugation are fewer than 100, and it is not possible to create new ones, except by compounding.

Catalan verbs are traditionally divided into three conjugations, with vowel themes -a-, -e-, -i-, the last two being split into two subtypes. However, this division is mostly theoretical. Only the first conjugation is nowadays productive (with about 3500 common verbs), whereas the third (the subtype of servir, with about <hl> 700 <hl> common verbs) is semiproductive. The verbs of the second conjugation are fewer than 100, and it is not possible to create new ones, except by compounding.


Question: Which conjugation has less than 100 verbs?

Answer: second

Catalan verbs are traditionally divided into three conjugations, with vowel themes -a-, -e-, -i-, the last two being split into two subtypes. However, this division is mostly theoretical. Only the first conjugation is nowadays productive (with about 3500 common verbs), whereas the third (the subtype of servir, with about 700 common verbs) is semiproductive. <hl> The verbs of the second conjugation are fewer than 100, and it is not possible to create new ones, except by compounding. <hl>

Catalan verbs are traditionally divided into three conjugations, with vowel themes -a-, -e-, -i-, the last two being split into two subtypes. However, this division is mostly theoretical. Only the first conjugation is nowadays productive (with about 3500 common verbs), whereas the third (the subtype of servir, with about 700 common verbs) is semiproductive. The verbs of the <hl> second <hl> conjugation are fewer than 100, and it is not possible to create new ones, except by compounding.


Question: How many surnames does everyone in Spain have?

In Spain, every person officially has two surnames, one of which is the father's first surname and the other is the mother's first surname. The law contemplates the possibility of joining both surnames with the Catalan conjunction i ("and").

Answer: two

<hl> In Spain, every person officially has two surnames, one of which is the father's first surname and the other is the mother's first surname. <hl> The law contemplates the possibility of joining both surnames with the Catalan conjunction i ("and").

In Spain, every person officially has <hl> two <hl> surnames, one of which is the father's first surname and the other is the mother's first surname. The law contemplates the possibility of joining both surnames with the Catalan conjunction i ("and").


Question: Which one of one's father's surnames is used?

Answer: first

<hl> In Spain, every person officially has two surnames, one of which is the father's first surname and the other is the mother's first surname. <hl> The law contemplates the possibility of joining both surnames with the Catalan conjunction i ("and").

In Spain, every person officially has two surnames, one of which is the father's <hl> first <hl> surname and the other is the mother's first surname. The law contemplates the possibility of joining both surnames with the Catalan conjunction i ("and").


Question: What is Spain thinking of doing to the two surnames?

Answer: joining both surnames

In Spain, every person officially has two surnames, one of which is the father's first surname and the other is the mother's first surname. <hl> The law contemplates the possibility of joining both surnames with the Catalan conjunction i ("and"). <hl>

In Spain, every person officially has two surnames, one of which is the father's first surname and the other is the mother's first surname. The law contemplates the possibility of <hl> joining both surnames <hl> with the Catalan conjunction i ("and").


Question: What conjunction would be used to join a person's surnames?

Answer: in

<hl> In Spa in , every person officially has two surnames, one of which is the father's first surname and the other is the mother's first surname. <hl> The law contemplates the possibility of joining both surnames with the Catalan conjunction i ("and").

In Spa<hl> in <hl>, every person officially has two surnames, one of which is the father's first surname and the other is the mother's first surname. The law contemplates the possibility of joining both surnames with the Catalan conjunction i ("and").

In Spa <hl> in <hl> , every person officially has two surnames, one of which is the father's first surname and the other is the mother's first surname.


Question: What is the official language of Estonia?

Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.

Answer: Estonian

<hl> Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. <hl> It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.

<hl> Estonian <hl> (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.


Question: How many people in Estonia speak Estonian?

Answer: about 1.1 million

<hl> Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. <hl> It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.

Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by <hl> about 1.1 million <hl> people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.


Question: How many people in different migrant communities speak Estonian?

Answer: tens of thousands

<hl> Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. <hl> It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.

Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and <hl> tens of thousands <hl> in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.


Question: What branch of the Uralic language family does Estonian belong to?

Answer: Finnic

Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. <hl> It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family. <hl>

Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the <hl> Finnic <hl> branch of the Uralic language family.


Question: What language family does Estonian belong to?

Answer: Uralic

Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. <hl> It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family. <hl>

Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the <hl> Uralic <hl> language family.


Question: What country has Estonian as its official language?

Answer: Estonian

<hl> Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. <hl> It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.

<hl> Estonian <hl> (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.


Question: In Estonia how many people speak Estonian as their native language

Answer: 1.1 million

<hl> Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. <hl> It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.

Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about <hl> 1.1 million <hl> people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.


Question: Of what language family is Estonian a part of?

Answer: Uralic

Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. <hl> It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family. <hl>

Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the <hl> Uralic <hl> language family.


Question: On which branch of Uralic language family can Estonian be found?

Answer: Finnic

Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. <hl> It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family. <hl>

Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the <hl> Finnic <hl> branch of the Uralic language family.


Question: How many estimated non native speakers of Estonian are there in Estonia?

Answer: tens of thousands

<hl> Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. <hl> It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.

Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and <hl> tens of thousands <hl> in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.


Question: Who is interested in the degrees of phonemic length?

One distinctive feature that has caused a great amount of interest among linguists is what is traditionally seen as three degrees of phonemic length: short, long, and "overlong", such that /sɑdɑ/, /sɑˑdɑ/ and /sɑːdɑ/ are distinct. In actuality, the distinction is not purely in the phonemic length, and the underlying phonological mechanism is still disputed.[citation needed]

Answer: linguists

<hl> One distinctive feature that has caused a great amount of interest among linguists is what is traditionally seen as three degrees of phonemic length: short, long, and "overlong", such that /sɑdɑ/, /sɑˑdɑ/ and /sɑːdɑ/ are distinct. <hl> In actuality, the distinction is not purely in the phonemic length, and the underlying phonological mechanism is still disputed.[citation needed]

One distinctive feature that has caused a great amount of interest among <hl> linguists <hl> is what is traditionally seen as three degrees of phonemic length: short, long, and "overlong", such that /sɑdɑ/, /sɑˑdɑ/ and /sɑːdɑ/ are distinct. In actuality, the distinction is not purely in the phonemic length, and the underlying phonological mechanism is still disputed.[citation needed]


Question: What are the phonemic length's three degrees?

Answer: short, long, and "overlong"

<hl> One distinctive feature that has caused a great amount of interest among linguists is what is traditionally seen as three degrees of phonemic length: short, long, and "overlong" , such that /sɑdɑ/, /sɑˑdɑ/ <hl> and /sɑːdɑ/ are distinct. In actuality, the distinction is not purely in the phonemic length, and the underlying phonological mechanism is still disputed.[citation needed]

One distinctive feature that has caused a great amount of interest among linguists is what is traditionally seen as three degrees of phonemic length: <hl> short, long, and "overlong" <hl>, such that /sɑdɑ/, /sɑˑdɑ/ and /sɑːdɑ/ are distinct. In actuality, the distinction is not purely in the phonemic length, and the underlying phonological mechanism is still disputed.[citation needed]

One distinctive feature that has caused a great amount of interest among linguists is what is traditionally seen as three degrees of phonemic length: <hl> short, long, and "overlong" <hl> , such that /sɑdɑ/, /sɑˑdɑ/


Question: What is a matter of dispute among linguists regarding the distinction?

Answer: the underlying phonological mechanism

One distinctive feature that has caused a great amount of interest among linguists is what is traditionally seen as three degrees of phonemic length: short, long, and "overlong", such that /sɑdɑ/, /sɑˑdɑ/ and /sɑːdɑ/ are distinct. <hl> In actuality, the distinction is not purely in the phonemic length, and the underlying phonological mechanism is still disputed.[citation needed] <hl>

One distinctive feature that has caused a great amount of interest among linguists is what is traditionally seen as three degrees of phonemic length: short, long, and "overlong", such that /sɑdɑ/, /sɑˑdɑ/ and /sɑːdɑ/ are distinct. In actuality, the distinction is not purely in the phonemic length, and <hl> the underlying phonological mechanism <hl> is still disputed.[citation needed]


Question: What Uralic language branch contains Estonian?

Estonian belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages, along with Finnish, Karelian, and other nearby languages. The Uralic languages do not belong to the Indo-European languages. Estonian is distantly related to Hungarian and to the Sami languages.

Answer: Finnic

<hl> Estonian belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages, along with Finnish, Karelian, and other nearby languages. <hl> The Uralic languages do not belong to the Indo-European languages. Estonian is distantly related to Hungarian and to the Sami languages.

Estonian belongs to the <hl> Finnic <hl> branch of the Uralic languages, along with Finnish, Karelian, and other nearby languages. The Uralic languages do not belong to the Indo-European languages. Estonian is distantly related to Hungarian and to the Sami languages.


Question: What are two other languages in the Finnic branch?

Answer: Finnish, Karelian

<hl> Estonian belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages, along with Finnish, Karelian , and other nearby languages. <hl> The Uralic languages do not belong to the Indo-European languages. Estonian is distantly related to Hungarian and to the Sami languages.

Estonian belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages, along with <hl> Finnish, Karelian <hl>, and other nearby languages. The Uralic languages do not belong to the Indo-European languages. Estonian is distantly related to Hungarian and to the Sami languages.

Estonian belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages, along with <hl> Finnish, Karelian <hl> , and other nearby languages.


Question: What language group is Estonian not a part of?

Answer: Indo-European languages

Estonian belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages, along with Finnish, Karelian, and other nearby languages. <hl> The Uralic languages do not belong to the Indo-European languages . <hl> Estonian is distantly related to Hungarian and to the Sami languages.

Estonian belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages, along with Finnish, Karelian, and other nearby languages. The Uralic languages do not belong to the <hl> Indo-European languages <hl>. Estonian is distantly related to Hungarian and to the Sami languages.

The Uralic languages do not belong to the <hl> Indo-European languages <hl> .


Question: What languages are related to Estonian but not closely?

Answer: Hungarian and to the Sami languages

Estonian belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages, along with Finnish, Karelian, and other nearby languages. The Uralic languages do not belong to the Indo-European languages. <hl> Estonian is distantly related to Hungarian and to the Sami languages . <hl>

Estonian belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages, along with Finnish, Karelian, and other nearby languages. The Uralic languages do not belong to the Indo-European languages. Estonian is distantly related to <hl> Hungarian and to the Sami languages <hl>.

Estonian is distantly related to <hl> Hungarian and to the Sami languages <hl> .


Question: Who spoke German in what came to be known as Estonia?

Estonian has been influenced by Swedish, German (initially Middle Low German, which was the lingua franca of the Hanseatic League and spoken natively in the territories of what is today known as Estonia by a sizeable burgher community of Baltic Germans, later Estonian was also influenced by standard German), and Russian, though it is not related to them genetically.

Answer: Baltic Germans

<hl> Estonian has been influenced by Swedish, German (initially Middle Low German, which was the lingua franca of the Hanseatic League and spoken natively in the territories of what is today known as Estonia by a sizeable burgher community of Baltic Germans , later Estonian was also influenced by standard German), and Russian, though it is not related to them genetically. <hl>

Estonian has been influenced by Swedish, German (initially Middle Low German, which was the lingua franca of the Hanseatic League and spoken natively in the territories of what is today known as Estonia by a sizeable burgher community of <hl> Baltic Germans <hl>, later Estonian was also influenced by standard German), and Russian, though it is not related to them genetically.

Estonian has been influenced by Swedish, German (initially Middle Low German, which was the lingua franca of the Hanseatic League and spoken natively in the territories of what is today known as Estonia by a sizeable burgher community of <hl> Baltic Germans <hl> , later Estonian was also influenced by standard German), and Russian, though it is not related to them genetically.


Question: Aside from standard German what German language influenced Estonian?

Answer: Middle Low German

<hl> Estonian has been influenced by Swedish, German (initially Middle Low German , which was the lingua franca of the Hanseatic League and spoken natively in the territories of what is today known as Estonia by a sizeable burgher community of Baltic Germans, later Estonian was also influenced by standard German), and Russian, though it is not related to them genetically. <hl>

Estonian has been influenced by Swedish, German (initially <hl> Middle Low German <hl>, which was the lingua franca of the Hanseatic League and spoken natively in the territories of what is today known as Estonia by a sizeable burgher community of Baltic Germans, later Estonian was also influenced by standard German), and Russian, though it is not related to them genetically.

Estonian has been influenced by Swedish, German (initially <hl> Middle Low German <hl> , which was the lingua franca of the Hanseatic League and spoken natively in the territories of what is today known as Estonia by a sizeable burgher community of Baltic Germans, later Estonian was also influenced by standard German), and Russian, though it is not related to them genetically.


Question: What kind of harmony has Estonian lost?

Like Finnish and Hungarian, Estonian is a somewhat agglutinative language, but unlike them, it has lost vowel harmony, the front vowels occurring exclusively on the first or stressed syllable, although in older texts the vowel harmony can still be recognized. Furthermore, the apocope of word-final sounds is extensive and has contributed to a shift from a purely agglutinative to a fusional language.[citation needed] The basic word order is subject–verb–object.

Answer: vowel

<hl> Like Finnish and Hungarian, Estonian is a somewhat agglutinative language, but unlike them, it has lost vowel harmony, the front vowels occurring exclusively on the first or stressed syllable, although in older texts the vowel harmony can still be recognized. <hl> Furthermore, the apocope of word-final sounds is extensive and has contributed to a shift from a purely agglutinative to a fusional language.[citation needed] The basic word order is subject–verb–object.

Like Finnish and Hungarian, Estonian is a somewhat agglutinative language, but unlike them, it has lost <hl> vowel <hl> harmony, the front vowels occurring exclusively on the first or stressed syllable, although in older texts the vowel harmony can still be recognized. Furthermore, the apocope of word-final sounds is extensive and has contributed to a shift from a purely agglutinative to a fusional language.[citation needed] The basic word order is subject–verb–object.


Question: What language feature does Estonian, Finish and Hungarian share?

Answer: agglutinative

<hl> Like Finnish and Hungarian, Estonian is a somewhat agglutinative language, but unlike them, it has lost vowel harmony, the front vowels occurring exclusively on the first or stressed syllable, although in older texts the vowel harmony can still be recognized. <hl> Furthermore, the apocope of word-final sounds is extensive and has contributed to a shift from a purely agglutinative to a fusional language.[citation needed] The basic word order is subject–verb–object.

Like Finnish and Hungarian, Estonian is a somewhat <hl> agglutinative <hl> language, but unlike them, it has lost vowel harmony, the front vowels occurring exclusively on the first or stressed syllable, although in older texts the vowel harmony can still be recognized. Furthermore, the apocope of word-final sounds is extensive and has contributed to a shift from a purely agglutinative to a fusional language.[citation needed] The basic word order is subject–verb–object.


Question: In what order are words put in sentences in the Estonian language?

Answer: subject–verb–object

Like Finnish and Hungarian, Estonian is a somewhat agglutinative language, but unlike them, it has lost vowel harmony, the front vowels occurring exclusively on the first or stressed syllable, although in older texts the vowel harmony can still be recognized. <hl> Furthermore, the apocope of word-final sounds is extensive and has contributed to a shift from a purely agglutinative to a fusional language.[citation needed] The basic word order is subject–verb–object . <hl>

Like Finnish and Hungarian, Estonian is a somewhat agglutinative language, but unlike them, it has lost vowel harmony, the front vowels occurring exclusively on the first or stressed syllable, although in older texts the vowel harmony can still be recognized. Furthermore, the apocope of word-final sounds is extensive and has contributed to a shift from a purely agglutinative to a fusional language.[citation needed] The basic word order is <hl> subject–verb–object <hl>.

Furthermore, the apocope of word-final sounds is extensive and has contributed to a shift from a purely agglutinative to a fusional language.[citation needed] The basic word order is <hl> subject–verb–object <hl> .


Question: What was the minimum number of waves through which modern Estonians migrated into Estonia?

The two different historical Estonian languages (sometimes considered dialects), the North and South Estonian languages, are based on the ancestors of modern Estonians' migration into the territory of Estonia in at least two different waves, both groups speaking considerably different Finnic vernaculars. Modern standard Estonian has evolved on the basis of the dialects of Northern Estonia.

Answer: two

<hl> The two different historical Estonian languages (sometimes considered dialects), the North and South Estonian languages, are based on the ancestors of modern Estonians' migration into the territory of Estonia in at least two different waves, both groups speaking considerably different Finnic vernaculars. <hl> Modern standard Estonian has evolved on the basis of the dialects of Northern Estonia.

The <hl> two <hl> different historical Estonian languages (sometimes considered dialects), the North and South Estonian languages, are based on the ancestors of modern Estonians' migration into the territory of Estonia in at least two different waves, both groups speaking considerably different Finnic vernaculars. Modern standard Estonian has evolved on the basis of the dialects of Northern Estonia.


Question: What are the names of the two separate Estonian languages?

Answer: North and South Estonian languages

<hl> The two different historical Estonian languages (sometimes considered dialects), the North and South Estonian languages , are based on the ancestors of modern Estonians' migration into the territory of Estonia in at least two different waves, both groups speaking considerably different Finnic vernaculars. <hl> Modern standard Estonian has evolved on the basis of the dialects of Northern Estonia.

The two different historical Estonian languages (sometimes considered dialects), the <hl> North and South Estonian languages <hl>, are based on the ancestors of modern Estonians' migration into the territory of Estonia in at least two different waves, both groups speaking considerably different Finnic vernaculars. Modern standard Estonian has evolved on the basis of the dialects of Northern Estonia.

The two different historical Estonian languages (sometimes considered dialects), the <hl> North and South Estonian languages <hl> , are based on the ancestors of modern Estonians' migration into the territory of Estonia in at least two different waves, both groups speaking considerably different Finnic vernaculars.


Question: When did the Northern Crusades happen?

Answer: 13th century to 1918

<hl> The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia delayed indigenous literacy in Estonia.[citation needed] <hl>

The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the <hl> 13th century to 1918 <hl> by Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia delayed indigenous literacy in Estonia.[citation needed]


Question: Which countries took part in the Northern Crusades?

Answer: Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia

<hl> The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia delayed indigenous literacy in Estonia.[citation needed] <hl>

The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by <hl> Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia <hl> delayed indigenous literacy in Estonia.[citation needed]


Question: Following the crusades which country was dominated?

Answer: Estonia

<hl> The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia delayed indigenous literacy in Estonia.[citation needed] <hl>

The domination of <hl> Estonia <hl> after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia delayed indigenous literacy in Estonia.[citation needed]


Question: What did the aftermath of the crusades end up delaying in Estonia?

Answer: indigenous literacy

<hl> The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia delayed indigenous literacy in Estonia.[citation needed] <hl>

The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia delayed <hl> indigenous literacy <hl> in Estonia.[citation needed]


Question: How far back do the first written records of Estonia's Finnic languages go?

The oldest written records of the Finnic languages of Estonia date from the 13th century. Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences.

Answer: 13th century

<hl> The oldest written records of the Finnic languages of Estonia date from the 13th century . <hl> Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences.

The oldest written records of the Finnic languages of Estonia date from the <hl> 13th century <hl>. Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences.

The oldest written records of the Finnic languages of Estonia date from the <hl> 13th century <hl> .


Question: Where can records of Estonian place names be found?

Answer: Originates Livoniae

The oldest written records of the Finnic languages of Estonia date from the 13th century. <hl> Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences. <hl>

The oldest written records of the Finnic languages of Estonia date from the 13th century. <hl> Originates Livoniae <hl> in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences.


Question: Which Chronicle contains the Originates Livoniae?

Answer: Chronicle of Henry of Livonia

The oldest written records of the Finnic languages of Estonia date from the 13th century. <hl> Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences. <hl>

The oldest written records of the Finnic languages of Estonia date from the 13th century. Originates Livoniae in <hl> Chronicle of Henry of Livonia <hl> contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences.


Question: Aside from place names what else from the Estonian language can be found in the Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia?

Answer: words and fragments of sentences.

The oldest written records of the Finnic languages of Estonia date from the 13th century. <hl> Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences. <hl>

The oldest written records of the Finnic languages of Estonia date from the 13th century. Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, <hl> words and fragments of sentences. <hl>


Question: What was the first Estonian language book to be published?

The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication.

Answer: a Lutheran manuscript

The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. <hl> The book was a Lutheran manuscript , which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication. <hl>

The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. The book was <hl> a Lutheran manuscript <hl>, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication.

The book was <hl> a Lutheran manuscript <hl> , which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication.


Question: When were the Kallamaa prayers written?

Answer: 1524 and 1528

<hl> The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528 . <hl> In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication.

The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from <hl> 1524 and 1528 <hl>. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication.

The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from <hl> 1524 and 1528 <hl> .


Question: What was the fate of the Lutheran manuscript printed in 1525?

Answer: destroyed

The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. <hl> The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication. <hl>

The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was <hl> destroyed <hl> immediately after publication.


Question: At what point in its existence was the Lutheran manuscript destroyed?

Answer: immediately after publication

The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. <hl> The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication . <hl>

The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed <hl> immediately after publication <hl>.

The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed <hl> immediately after publication <hl> .


Question: What two people are responsible for the first still in existence book in the Estonian Language?

The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.

Answer: S. Wanradt and J. Koell

<hl> The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. <hl> An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.

The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by <hl> S. Wanradt and J. Koell <hl> dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.


Question: In what year was S. Wanradt and J. Koell's book written?

Answer: 1535

<hl> The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535 , during the Protestant Reformation period. <hl> An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.

The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to <hl> 1535 <hl>, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.

The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to <hl> 1535 <hl> , during the Protestant Reformation period.


Question: What type of book was it?

Answer: bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism

<hl> The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. <hl> An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.

The first extant Estonian book is a <hl> bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism <hl> by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.


Question: What book specifically for the use of priests was printed in Estonian?

Answer: An Estonian grammar book

The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. <hl> An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. <hl> The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.

The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. <hl> An Estonian grammar book <hl> to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.


Question: What year was the priests' grammar book put into print?

Answer: 1637

The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. <hl> An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637 . <hl> The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.

The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in <hl> 1637 <hl>. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.

An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in <hl> 1637 <hl> .


Question: Which Estonian poet's works were printed from 1810 to 1820?

The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:

Answer: Kristjan Jaak Peterson

<hl> The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. <hl> Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:

The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by <hl> Kristjan Jaak Peterson <hl> were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:


Question: What subjects were Kristjan Jaak Peterson poems on?

Answer: patriotic and philosophical

<hl> The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. <hl> Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:

The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the <hl> patriotic and philosophical <hl> poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:


Question: When was Peterson born?

Answer: March 14

The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. <hl> His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. <hl> A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:

The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on <hl> March 14 <hl> is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:


Question: What is another name given for Peterson's birthday?

Answer: Mother Tongue Day

The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. <hl> His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day . <hl> A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:

The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the <hl> Mother Tongue Day <hl>. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:

His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the <hl> Mother Tongue Day <hl> .


Question: What university did Peterson attend?

Answer: German-language University of Dorpat

The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. <hl> Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. <hl> His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:

The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then <hl> German-language University of Dorpat <hl> to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:


Question: In the years between 1918 and 1940 how many Estonian language books were printed?

Answer: 23,868

<hl> From 1525 to 1917 14,503 titles were published in Estonian, as opposed to the 23,868 titles which were published between 1918 and 1940.[citation needed] <hl>

From 1525 to 1917 14,503 titles were published in Estonian, as opposed to the <hl> 23,868 <hl> titles which were published between 1918 and 1940.[citation needed]


Question: In the roughly four centuries previous to 1918 how many Estonian language books were printed?

Answer: 14,503

<hl> From 1525 to 1917 14,503 titles were published in Estonian, as opposed to the 23,868 titles which were published between 1918 and 1940.[citation needed] <hl>

From 1525 to 1917 <hl> 14,503 <hl> titles were published in Estonian, as opposed to the 23,868 titles which were published between 1918 and 1940.[citation needed]


Question: In what language were 14,503 books published prior to 1918?

Answer: Estonian

<hl> From 1525 to 1917 14,503 titles were published in Estonian , as opposed to the 23,868 titles which were published between 1918 and 1940.[citation needed] <hl>

From 1525 to 1917 14,503 titles were published in <hl> Estonian <hl>, as opposed to the 23,868 titles which were published between 1918 and 1940.[citation needed]

From 1525 to 1917 14,503 titles were published in <hl> Estonian <hl> , as opposed to the 23,868 titles which were published between 1918 and 1940.[citation needed]


Question: What Age's ideas allowed Estonian writings to gain significance?

Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century.

Answer: Age of Enlightenment

<hl> Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment , during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). <hl> Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century.

Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the <hl> Age of Enlightenment <hl>, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century.

Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the <hl> Age of Enlightenment <hl> , during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840).


Question: Who thought their future would be fused with Estonians?

Answer: Baltic Germans

Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). <hl> Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century. <hl>

Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although <hl> Baltic Germans <hl> at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century.


Question: Who had admiration for the ancient Estonian culture?

Answer: Estophile educated class

Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). <hl> Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century. <hl>

Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the <hl> Estophile educated class <hl> admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century.


Question: Who conquered the ancient Estonians?

Answer: Danes and Germans

Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). <hl> Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century. <hl>

Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by <hl> Danes and Germans <hl> in the 13th century.


Question: When did the ancient Estonian era of freedom come to an end?

Answer: 13th century

Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). <hl> Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century . <hl>

Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the <hl> 13th century <hl>.

Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the <hl> 13th century <hl> .


Question: What year did Estonia's War of Independence take place?

After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.

Answer: 1919

<hl> After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919 , the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. <hl> In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.

After the Estonian War of Independence in <hl> 1919 <hl>, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.

After the Estonian War of Independence in <hl> 1919 <hl> , the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country.


Question: After Estonia achieved independence what was made their state language?

Answer: Estonian

<hl> After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. <hl> In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.

After the <hl> Estonian <hl> War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.


Question: What percentage of Estonians thought of themselves as ethnic Estonian's in 1945?

Answer: 97.3%

After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. <hl> In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language. <hl>

After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, <hl> 97.3% <hl> of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.


Question: What language was spoken by ethnic Estonians?

Answer: Estonian

<hl> After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. <hl> In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.

After the <hl> Estonian <hl> War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.


Question: What happened to Estonia during WWII?

When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.

Answer: invaded and occupied

<hl> When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). <hl> As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.

When Estonia was <hl> invaded and occupied <hl> by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.


Question: Who invaded Estonia?

Answer: Soviet Union

<hl> When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). <hl> As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.

When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the <hl> Soviet Union <hl> in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.


Question: After the Soviet invasion what other language became the second official Estonian language?

Answer: Russian

<hl> When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages ( Russian being the other one). <hl> As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.

When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (<hl> Russian <hl> being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.

When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages ( <hl> Russian <hl> being the other one).


Question: What was another country with similar immigration patterns to post Soviet Estonia?

Answer: Latvia

When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). <hl> As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. <hl> In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.

When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with <hl> Latvia <hl> many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.


Question: What became more intense in the 1970's in Estonia?

Answer: pressure of bilingualism

When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. <hl> In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. <hl> The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.

When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the <hl> pressure of bilingualism <hl> (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.


Question: What historical event once again freed Estonia?

During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.

Answer: collapse of the Soviet Union

During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. <hl> The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. <hl> Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.

During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The <hl> collapse of the Soviet Union <hl> led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.


Question: Following the Soviet collapse what became the only official Estonian Language?

Answer: Estonian

<hl> During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. <hl> The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.

During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the <hl> Estonian <hl> Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.


Question: What language was no longer promoted as one of Estonia's main languages?

Answer: Russian

During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. <hl> Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged. <hl>

During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of <hl> Russian <hl> was discouraged.


Question: What came into being in January 1989?

Answer: The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language

<hl> During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. <hl> The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.

During the Perestroika era, <hl> The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language <hl> was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.


Question: Following the departure of the Soviet immigrants what was the percentage of Estonians in Estonia?

The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census.

Answer: above 70%

<hl> The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70% . <hl> And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census.

The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back <hl> above 70% <hl>. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census.

The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back <hl> above 70% <hl> .


Question: How many groups of Estonian dialects are there?

Answer: two

<hl> The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia. <hl>

The Estonian dialects are divided into <hl> two <hl> groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.


Question: What are the names of the Estonian dialect groups?

Answer: the northern and southern dialects

<hl> The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects , historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia. <hl>

The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – <hl> the northern and southern dialects <hl>, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.

The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – <hl> the northern and southern dialects <hl> , historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.


Question: What is the northern city to which the northern dialect is associated?

Answer: Tallinn

<hl> The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia. <hl>

The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of <hl> Tallinn <hl> in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.


Question: Where is the kirderanniku dialect spoken?

Answer: the northeastern coast of Estonia

<hl> The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia . <hl>

The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of <hl> the northeastern coast of Estonia <hl>.

The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of <hl> the northeastern coast of Estonia <hl> .


Question: What is the city where the southern dialect was historically spoken?

Answer: Tartu

<hl> The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia. <hl>

The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and <hl> Tartu <hl> in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.


Question: What dialect is also known as the central dialect?

Answer: the keskmurre

<hl> The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi. <hl>

The northern group consists of <hl> the keskmurre <hl> or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.


Question: What is the dialect from Lake Peipsi?

Answer: the idamurre or eastern dialect

<hl> The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi. <hl>

The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and <hl> the idamurre or eastern dialect <hl> on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.


Question: What dialects of the northern group are spoken on the saarte murre?

Answer: Saaremaa and Hiiumaa

<hl> The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi. <hl>

The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of <hl> Saaremaa and Hiiumaa <hl> and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.


Question: What is another name for Estonian's northern group's western dialect?

Answer: the läänemurre

<hl> The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi. <hl>

The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, <hl> the läänemurre <hl> or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.


Question: What dialects comprise the southern group?

The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession.

Answer: the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects

<hl> The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects . <hl> These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession.

The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of <hl> the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects <hl>. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession.

The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of <hl> the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects <hl> .


Question: More importantly than their language aspect how do the Seto and Võro dialects set themselves apart from each other?

Answer: their culture

The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. <hl> Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession. <hl>

The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by <hl> their culture <hl> and their respective Christian confession.


Question: Aside from being thought of as variants of Estonian's southern group what else are the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects sometimes considered?

Answer: separate languages altogether

The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. <hl> These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether . <hl> Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession.

The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or <hl> separate languages altogether <hl>. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession.

These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or <hl> separate languages altogether <hl> .


Question: What religion is associated with Seto and Võro?

Answer: Christian

The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. <hl> Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession. <hl>

The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective <hl> Christian <hl> confession.


Question: From what script does the Estonian language get its alphabet?

Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), Ä is pronounced [æ], as in English mat. The vowels Ä, Ö and Ü are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter õ denotes /ɤ/, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian ъ /ɤ̞/ and the Vietnamese ơ, and is used to transcribe the Russian ы.

Answer: Latin

<hl> Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. <hl> The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), Ä is pronounced [æ], as in English mat. The vowels Ä, Ö and Ü are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter õ denotes /ɤ/, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian ъ /ɤ̞/ and the Vietnamese ơ, and is used to transcribe the Russian ы.

Like Finnish, Estonian employs the <hl> Latin <hl> script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), Ä is pronounced [æ], as in English mat. The vowels Ä, Ö and Ü are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter õ denotes /ɤ/, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian ъ /ɤ̞/ and the Vietnamese ơ, and is used to transcribe the Russian ы.


Question: What is another language that uses Latin for its alphabet?

Answer: Finnish

<hl> Like Finnish , Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. <hl> The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), Ä is pronounced [æ], as in English mat. The vowels Ä, Ö and Ü are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter õ denotes /ɤ/, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian ъ /ɤ̞/ and the Vietnamese ơ, and is used to transcribe the Russian ы.

Like <hl> Finnish <hl>, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), Ä is pronounced [æ], as in English mat. The vowels Ä, Ö and Ü are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter õ denotes /ɤ/, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian ъ /ɤ̞/ and the Vietnamese ơ, and is used to transcribe the Russian ы.

Like <hl> Finnish <hl> , Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž.


Question: In the Estonian language how is the letter A pronounced?

Answer: [æ], as in English mat

Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. <hl> Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), Ä is pronounced [æ], as in English mat . <hl> The vowels Ä, Ö and Ü are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter õ denotes /ɤ/, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian ъ /ɤ̞/ and the Vietnamese ơ, and is used to transcribe the Russian ы.

Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), Ä is pronounced <hl> [æ], as in English mat <hl>. The vowels Ä, Ö and Ü are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter õ denotes /ɤ/, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian ъ /ɤ̞/ and the Vietnamese ơ, and is used to transcribe the Russian ы.

Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), Ä is pronounced <hl> [æ], as in English mat <hl> .