Answer: 20

Question: How many countries are represented by the investors and developers of the CETDZ?


Answer: 1988

Context: Established in 1988, Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone (Chinese: 成都高新技术产业开发区; pinyin: Chéngdū Gāoxīn Jìshù Chǎnyè Kāifā Qū) was approved as one of the first national hi-tech development zones in 1991. In 2000, it was open to APEC and has been recognized as a national advanced hi-tech development zone in successive assessment activities held by China's Ministry of Science and Technology. It ranks 5th among the 53 national hi-tech development zones in China in terms of comprehensive strength.

Question: When was the Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone established?


Answer: 1991

Question: When was the Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone approved?


Answer: 5th

Question: The Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone is what rank of 53 in China terms of comprehensive strength?


Answer: South Park and the West Park

Context: Chengdu Hi-tech Development Zone covers an area of 82.5 km2 (31.9 sq mi), consisting of the South Park and the West Park. By relying on the city sub-center, which is under construction, the South Park is focusing on creating a modernized industrial park of science and technology with scientific and technological innovation, incubation R&D, modern service industry and Headquarters economy playing leading roles. Priority has been given to the development of software industry. Located on both sides of the "Chengdu-Dujiangyan-Jiuzhaigou" golden tourism channel, the West Park aims at building a comprehensive industrial park targeting at industrial clustering with complete supportive functions. The West Park gives priority to three major industries i.e. electronic information, biomedicine and precision machinery.

Question: Which Parks make up the Chengdu Hi-tech Development Zone?


Answer: electronic information, biomedicine and precision machinery

Question: Which industries does West Park give priority to?


Answer: creating a modernized industrial park of science and technology

Question: What is the focus of the South Park?


Answer: software industry

Question: What industry does South Park give priority to?


Answer: 17 sq mi

Context: Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone was established in 1992, with a planned area of 43 km2 (17 sq mi). The zone is situated 96 kilometers away from Chengdu, and is 8 km (5.0 mi) away from Mianyang Airport. Since its establishment, the zone accumulated 177.4 billion yuan of industrial output, 46.2 billion yuan of gross domestic product, fiscal revenue 6.768 billion yuan. There are more than 136 high-tech enterprises in the zone and they accounted for more than 90% of the total industrial output.

Question: What is the planned area of the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone?


Answer: 8 km

Question: What is the distance between the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone and Mianyang Airport?


Answer: 177.4 billion yuan

Question: How much value has Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone output since inception?


Answer: 136

Question: How many high-tech enterprises are present in the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone ?


Answer: three years

Context: On 3 November 2007, the Sichuan Transportation Bureau announced that the Sui-Yu Expressway was completed after three years of construction. After completion of the Chongqing section of the road, the 36.64 km (22.77 mi) expressway connected Cheng-Nan Expressway and formed the shortest expressway from Chengdu to Chongqing. The new expressway is 50 km (31 mi) shorter than the pre-existing road between Chengdu and Chongqing; thus journey time between the two cities was reduced by an hour, now taking two and a half hours. The Sui-Yu Expressway is a four lane overpass with a speed limit of 80 km/h (50 mph). The total investment was 1.045 billion yuan.

Question: How long did it take to complete the Sui-Yu Expressway?


Answer: two and a half hours

Question: After the newest expressway was completed, what was the new travel time between Chengdu and Chongqing?


Answer: 80 km/h (50 mph)

Question: What is the speed limit on the Sui-Yu Expressway?


Answer: 1.045 billion yuan

Question: What was the total cost of the Sui-Yu Expressway?


Answer: four lane

Question: How many lanes make up the Sui-Yu Expressway?


Answer: Han Chinese

Context: The majority of the province's population is Han Chinese, who are found scattered throughout the region with the exception of the far western areas. Thus, significant minorities of Tibetan, Yi, Qiang and Nakhi people reside in the western portion that are impacted by inclement weather and natural disasters, environmentally fragile, and impoverished. Sichuan's capital of Chengdu is home to a large community of Tibetans, with 30,000 permanent Tibetan residents and up to 200,000 Tibetan floating population. The Eastern Lipo, included with either the Yi or the Lisu people, as well as the A-Hmao, also are among the ethnic groups of the provinces.

Question: What race is the majority of Sichuan?


Answer: Tibetan

Question: What is one of the largest minorities in Chengdu?


Answer: far western areas.

Question: Which part of Sichuan has the worst weather and subjected to natural disasters?


Answer: 30,000

Question: How many permanent Tibetan people live in Chengdu?


Answer: Guangdong, Shandong and Henan

Context: Sichuan was China's most populous province before Chongqing became a directly-controlled municipality; it is currently the fourth most populous, after Guangdong, Shandong and Henan. As of 1832, Sichuan was the most populous of the 18 provinces in China, with an estimated population at that time of 21 million. It was the third most populous sub-national entity in the world, after Uttar Pradesh, India and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic until 1991, when the Soviet Union was dissolved. It is also one of the only six to ever reach 100 million people (Uttar Pradesh, Russian RSFSR, Maharashtra, Sichuan, Bihar and Punjab). It is currently 10th.

Question: What are the three most populist provinces in China?


Answer: 21 million

Question: What was the population of Sichuan in 1832?


Answer: Sichuan

Question: What is the tenth most populous sub-national entity in the world?


Answer: six

Question: How many sub-national entities have surpassed 100 million people in total?


Answer: 1991

Question: In what year was the Soviet Union disbanded?


Answer: Tibetans and Qiang

Context: Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in western Sichuan are populated by Tibetans and Qiang people. Tibetans speak the Khams and Amdo Tibetan, which are Tibetic languages, as well as various Qiangic languages. The Qiang speak Qiangic languages and often Tibetic languages as well. The Yi people of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in southern Sichuan speak the Nuosu language, which is one of the Lolo-Burmese languages; Yi is written using the Yi script, a syllabary standardized in 1974. The Southwest University for Nationalities has one of China's most prominent Tibetology departments, and the Southwest Minorities Publishing House prints literature in minority languages. In the minority inhabited regions of Sichuan, there is bi-lingual signage and public school instruction in non-Mandarin minority languages.

Question: What are the largest minorities of western Sichuan?


Answer: Khams and Amdo Tibetan

Question: What languages do Tibetans in Sichuan speak?


Answer: Nuosu

Question: What language do the Yi people speak?


Answer: 1974

Question: In what year was the language of the Yi people standardized?


Answer: Southwest University for Nationalities

Question: Which University houses one of China's most prominent Tibetology departments?


Answer: The Unicode Standard

Context: Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. Developed in conjunction with the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) standard and published as The Unicode Standard, the latest version of Unicode contains a repertoire of more than 120,000 characters covering 129 modern and historic scripts, as well as multiple symbol sets. The standard consists of a set of code charts for visual reference, an encoding method and set of standard character encodings, a set of reference data files, and a number of related items, such as character properties, rules for normalization, decomposition, collation, rendering, and bidirectional display order (for the correct display of text containing both right-to-left scripts, such as Arabic and Hebrew, and left-to-right scripts). As of June 2015[update], the most recent version is Unicode 8.0. The standard is maintained by the Unicode Consortium.

Question: What was Unicode published as?


Answer: Universal Coded Character Set (UCS)

Question: What was unicode developed in conjunction with?


Answer: Unicode 8.0

Question: What is the most recent version of Unicode?


Answer: Unicode Consortium

Question: Who maintains the Unicode Standard?


Answer: 120,000 characters

Question: Unicode contains how many thousands of characters in its repertoire?


Answer: UTF-8, UTF-16 and the now-obsolete UCS-2

Context: Unicode can be implemented by different character encodings. The most commonly used encodings are UTF-8, UTF-16 and the now-obsolete UCS-2. UTF-8 uses one byte for any ASCII character, all of which have the same code values in both UTF-8 and ASCII encoding, and up to four bytes for other characters. UCS-2 uses a 16-bit code unit (two 8-bit bytes) for each character but cannot encode every character in the current Unicode standard. UTF-16 extends UCS-2, using one 16-bit unit for the characters that were representable in UCS-2 and two 16-bit units (4 × 8 bits) to handle each of the additional characters.

Question: What are the most commonly used encodings of Unicode?


Answer: UTF-8 uses one byte for any ASCII character

Question: What does UTF-8 use in terms of bytes?


Answer: UCS-2

Question: What does UTF-16 expand?


Answer: 16-bit code unit

Question: What type of code does UCS-2 use?


Answer: (4 × 8 bits

Question: How are two 16-bit units used?


Answer: transcending the limitations of traditional character encodings

Context: Unicode has the explicit aim of transcending the limitations of traditional character encodings, such as those defined by the ISO 8859 standard, which find wide usage in various countries of the world but remain largely incompatible with each other. Many traditional character encodings share a common problem in that they allow bilingual computer processing (usually using Latin characters and the local script), but not multilingual computer processing (computer processing of arbitrary scripts mixed with each other).

Question: What is the aim of Unicode?


Answer: multilingual computer processing

Question: Traditional character encodings don't allow what type of computer processing?


Answer: (computer processing of arbitrary scripts mixed with each other

Question: What is multilingual computer processing?


Answer: usually using Latin characters

Question: Bilingual computer processing uses what characters?


Answer: wide usage in various countries of the world but remain largely incompatible with each other

Question: What is the major limitation of traditional character encodings?


Answer: ISO-8859-1

Context: The first 256 code points were made identical to the content of ISO-8859-1 so as to make it trivial to convert existing western text. Many essentially identical characters were encoded multiple times at different code points to preserve distinctions used by legacy encodings and therefore, allow conversion from those encodings to Unicode (and back) without losing any information. For example, the "fullwidth forms" section of code points encompasses a full Latin alphabet that is separate from the main Latin alphabet section because in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) fonts, these Latin characters are rendered at the same width as CJK ideographs, rather than at half the width. For other examples, see Duplicate characters in Unicode.

Question: What were the first 256 code points of Unicode made identical to?


Answer: to make it trivial to convert existing western text

Question: Why were the first 256 code points made identical to ISO-8859-1?


Answer: a full Latin alphabet that is separate from the main Latin alphabet

Question: What does the "fullwidth forms" section of code points encompass?


Answer: Chinese, Japanese, and Korean

Question: What are the CJK languages referenced?


Answer: 1996

Context: In 1996, a surrogate character mechanism was implemented in Unicode 2.0, so that Unicode was no longer restricted to 16 bits. This increased the Unicode codespace to over a million code points, which allowed for the encoding of many historic scripts (e.g., Egyptian Hieroglyphs) and thousands of rarely used or obsolete characters that had not been anticipated as needing encoding. Among the characters not originally intended for Unicode are rarely used Kanji or Chinese characters, many of which are part of personal and place names, making them rarely used, but much more essential than envisioned in the original architecture of Unicode.

Question: When was a surrogate character mechanism implemented in Unicode 2.0?


Answer: so that Unicode was no longer restricted to 16 bits

Question: Why was a surrogate character mechanism implemented?


Answer: rarely used Kanji or Chinese characters

Question: What are some characters not originally intended for Unicode?


Answer: many of which are part of personal and place names

Question: Why are some foreign characters rarely used?


Answer: allowed for the encoding of many historic scripts

Question: Why was the Unicode 2.0 codespace increased?


Answer: Letter, Mark, Number, Punctuation, Symbol, Separator and Other

Context: Each code point has a single General Category property. The major categories are: Letter, Mark, Number, Punctuation, Symbol, Separator and Other. Within these categories, there are subdivisions. The General Category is not useful for every use, since legacy encodings have used multiple characteristics per single code point. E.g., U+000A <control-000A> Line feed (LF) in ASCII is both a control and a formatting separator; in Unicode the General Category is "Other, Control". Often, other properties must be used to specify the characteristics and behaviour of a code point. The possible General Categories are:

Question: What are the General Categories of Unicode?


Answer: not useful for every use, since legacy encodings have used multiple characteristics per single code point

Question: What type of use is the General Category not helpful for?


Answer: Other, Control

Question: What is the General Category in Unicode?


Answer: a single General Category property

Question: How many General Category properties does each code point have?


Answer: subdivisions

Question: What exists within the main Unicode categories?


Answer: high-surrogate code points

Context: Code points in the range U+D800–U+DBFF (1,024 code points) are known as high-surrogate code points, and code points in the range U+DC00–U+DFFF (1,024 code points) are known as low-surrogate code points. A high-surrogate code point (also known as a leading surrogate) followed by a low-surrogate code point (also known as a trailing surrogate) together form a surrogate pair used in UTF-16 to represent 1,048,576 code points outside BMP. High and low surrogate code points are not valid by themselves. Thus the range of code points that are available for use as characters is U+0000–U+D7FF and U+E000–U+10FFFF (1,112,064 code points). The value of these code points (i.e., excluding surrogates) is sometimes referred to as the character's scalar value.

Question: What are code points in the range U+D800-U+DBFF known as?


Answer: low-surrogate code points

Question: What are code points in the range U+DC00-U+DFFF known as?


Answer: leading surrogate

Question: what is another name for a high-surrogate code point?


Answer: trailing surrogate

Question: what is another name for a low-surrogate code point?


Answer: the range of code points that are available for use as characters

Question: What is known as a character's scalar value?


Answer: a dot above

Context: The set of graphic and format characters defined by Unicode does not correspond directly to the repertoire of abstract characters that is representable under Unicode. Unicode encodes characters by associating an abstract character with a particular code point. However, not all abstract characters are encoded as a single Unicode character, and some abstract characters may be represented in Unicode by a sequence of two or more characters. For example, a Latin small letter "i" with an ogonek, a dot above, and an acute accent, which is required in Lithuanian, is represented by the character sequence U+012F, U+0307, U+0301. Unicode maintains a list of uniquely named character sequences for abstract characters that are not directly encoded in Unicode.

Question: What is an ogonek?


Answer: associating an abstract character with a particular code point

Question: How does Unicode encode characters?


Answer: a sequence of two or more characters

Question: How are some abstract characters represented in Unicode?


Answer: Name Stability policy

Context: All graphic, format, and private use characters have a unique and immutable name by which they may be identified. This immutability has been guaranteed since Unicode version 2.0 by the Name Stability policy. In cases where the name is seriously defective and misleading, or has a serious typographical error, a formal alias may be defined, and applications are encouraged to use the formal alias in place of the official character name. For example, U+A015 ꀕ YI SYLLABLE WU has the formal alias yi syllable iteration mark, and U+FE18 ︘ PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL RIGHT WHITE LENTICULAR BRAKCET (sic) has the formal alias presentation form for vertical right white lenticular bracket.

Question: What policy guaranteed that characters have a unique and immutable name?


Answer: a formal alias may be defined

Question: What happens when a name is defective or misleading?


Answer: since Unicode version 2.0

Question: How long has this name immutability been guaranteed?


Answer: International Organization for Standardization

Context: Unicode is developed in conjunction with the International Organization for Standardization and shares the character repertoire with ISO/IEC 10646: the Universal Character Set. Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 function equivalently as character encodings, but The Unicode Standard contains much more information for implementers, covering—in depth—topics such as bitwise encoding, collation and rendering. The Unicode Standard enumerates a multitude of character properties, including those needed for supporting bidirectional text. The two standards do use slightly different terminology.

Question: Who was Unicode developed in conjunction with?


Answer: the Universal Character Set

Question: What does Unicode share a character repertoire with?


Answer: The Unicode Standard

Question: What includes topics like bitwise encoding, collation, and rendering?


Answer: slightly different terminology

Question: What do the two standards differ in?


Answer: any code charts or standard annexes

Context: The Consortium first published The Unicode Standard (ISBN 0-321-18578-1) in 1991 and continues to develop standards based on that original work. The latest version of the standard, Unicode 8.0, was released in June 2015 and is available from the consortium's website. The last of the major versions (versions x.0) to be published in book form was Unicode 5.0 (ISBN 0-321-48091-0), but since Unicode 6.0 the full text of the standard is no longer being published in book form. In 2012, however, it was announced that only the core specification for Unicode version 6.1 would be made available as a 692-page print-on-demand paperback. Unlike the previous major version printings of the Standard, the print-on-demand core specification does not include any code charts or standard annexes, but the entire standard, including the core specification, will still remain freely available on the Unicode website.

Question: What does the print on demand, core version not include?


Answer: 1991

Question: When was the Unicode Standard first published?


Answer: June 2015

Question: When was the latest version, Unicode 8.0, released?


Answer: Unicode 5.0

Question: What was the last major version of Unicode to be published in book form?


Answer: 2012

Question: What year was it announced that only the core specification for Unicode would be printed in physical form?


Answer: Unicode Roadmap Committee

Context: The Unicode Roadmap Committee (Michael Everson, Rick McGowan, and Ken Whistler) maintain the list of scripts that are candidates or potential candidates for encoding and their tentative code block assignments on the Unicode Roadmap page of the Unicode Consortium Web site. For some scripts on the Roadmap, such as Jurchen, Nü Shu, and Tangut, encoding proposals have been made and they are working their way through the approval process. For others scripts, such as Mayan and Rongorongo, no proposal has yet been made, and they await agreement on character repertoire and other details from the user communities involved.

Question: Michael Everson, Rick McGowan, and Ken Whistler make up what group?


Answer: maintain the list of scripts that are candidates or potential candidates for encoding

Question: What does the Unicode Roadmap Commmittee do?


Answer: no proposal has yet been made

Question: What proposal has been made for the Mayan script?


Answer: Unicode Consortium Web site

Question: Where does the Unicode Roadmap Committee post information on these scripts?


Answer: two

Context: Unicode defines two mapping methods: the Unicode Transformation Format (UTF) encodings, and the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) encodings. An encoding maps (possibly a subset of) the range of Unicode code points to sequences of values in some fixed-size range, termed code values. The numbers in the names of the encodings indicate the number of bits per code value (for UTF encodings) or the number of bytes per code value (for UCS encodings). UTF-8 and UTF-16 are probably the most commonly used encodings. UCS-2 is an obsolete subset of UTF-16; UCS-4 and UTF-32 are functionally equivalent.

Question: How many mapping methods does Unicode define?


Answer: Unicode Transformation Format (UTF) encodings, and the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) encodings

Question: What are the two mapping methods that Unicode defines?


Answer: the number of bits per code value (for UTF encodings) or the number of bytes per code value

Question: What do numbers in the names of the encodings indicate?


Answer: UTF-8 and UTF-16

Question: What are the most commonly used encodings?


Answer: Universal Coded Character Set

Question: What does UCS stand for?


Answer: Unicode Byte Order Mark

Context: The UCS-2 and UTF-16 encodings specify the Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) for use at the beginnings of text files, which may be used for byte ordering detection (or byte endianness detection). The BOM, code point U+FEFF has the important property of unambiguity on byte reorder, regardless of the Unicode encoding used; U+FFFE (the result of byte-swapping U+FEFF) does not equate to a legal character, and U+FEFF in other places, other than the beginning of text, conveys the zero-width non-break space (a character with no appearance and no effect other than preventing the formation of ligatures).

Question: What does BOM stand for?


Answer: UCS-2 and UTF-16

Question: What specifies the BOM?


Answer: U+FEFF

Question: what is the code point of the BOM?


Answer: byte-swapping U+FEFF

Question: What is U+UFFE the result of?


Answer: RFC 3629

Context: The same character converted to UTF-8 becomes the byte sequence EF BB BF. The Unicode Standard allows that the BOM "can serve as signature for UTF-8 encoded text where the character set is unmarked". Some software developers have adopted it for other encodings, including UTF-8, in an attempt to distinguish UTF-8 from local 8-bit code pages. However RFC 3629, the UTF-8 standard, recommends that byte order marks be forbidden in protocols using UTF-8, but discusses the cases where this may not be possible. In addition, the large restriction on possible patterns in UTF-8 (for instance there cannot be any lone bytes with the high bit set) means that it should be possible to distinguish UTF-8 from other character encodings without relying on the BOM.

Question: What is the UTF-8 standard?


Answer: UTF-8

Question: Byte order marks are forbidden in protocols using what standard?


Answer: the large restriction on possible patterns

Question: Why is it possible to distinguish UTF-8 from other protocols?


Answer: internal representation of text in programs

Context: In UTF-32 and UCS-4, one 32-bit code value serves as a fairly direct representation of any character's code point (although the endianness, which varies across different platforms, affects how the code value manifests as an octet sequence). In the other encodings, each code point may be represented by a variable number of code values. UTF-32 is widely used as an internal representation of text in programs (as opposed to stored or transmitted text), since every Unix operating system that uses the gcc compilers to generate software uses it as the standard "wide character" encoding. Some programming languages, such as Seed7, use UTF-32 as internal representation for strings and characters. Recent versions of the Python programming language (beginning with 2.2) may also be configured to use UTF-32 as the representation for Unicode strings, effectively disseminating such encoding in high-level coded software.

Question: How is UTF-32 widely used?


Answer: Seed7

Question: What programming language uses UTF-32 as internal representation of characters?


Answer: 2.2

Question: what version of python can be used with UTF-32?


Answer: most letter/diacritic combinations

Context: Unicode includes a mechanism for modifying character shape that greatly extends the supported glyph repertoire. This covers the use of combining diacritical marks. They are inserted after the main character. Multiple combining diacritics may be stacked over the same character. Unicode also contains precomposed versions of most letter/diacritic combinations in normal use. These make conversion to and from legacy encodings simpler, and allow applications to use Unicode as an internal text format without having to implement combining characters. For example, é can be represented in Unicode as U+0065 (LATIN SMALL LETTER E) followed by U+0301 (COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT), but it can also be represented as the precomposed character U+00E9 (LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE). Thus, in many cases, users have multiple ways of encoding the same character. To deal with this, Unicode provides the mechanism of canonical equivalence.

Question: What combinations does unicode contain in normal use?


Answer: U+0065

Question: How is the latin small letter e represented in Unicode?


Answer: U+0301

Question: How is the accent added to the small latin e?


Answer: U+00E9

Question: What precomposed character represents the small latin e with an accent?


Answer: radicals

Context: The CJK ideographs currently have codes only for their precomposed form. Still, most of those ideographs comprise simpler elements (often called radicals in English), so in principle, Unicode could have decomposed them, as it did with Hangul. This would have greatly reduced the number of required code points, while allowing the display of virtually every conceivable ideograph (which might do away with some of the problems caused by Han unification). A similar idea is used by some input methods, such as Cangjie and Wubi. However, attempts to do this for character encoding have stumbled over the fact that ideographs do not decompose as simply or as regularly as Hangul does.

Question: The CJK ideographs comprise simpler elements called what in English?


Answer: ideographs do not decompose as simply or as regularly

Question: Why have ideographs been unable to be simplified like Hangul?


Answer: greatly reduced the number of required code points

Question: What would be the benefit of Unicode decomposing ideographs?


Answer: Arabic Calligraphic Engine

Context: Many scripts, including Arabic and Devanagari, have special orthographic rules that require certain combinations of letterforms to be combined into special ligature forms. The rules governing ligature formation can be quite complex, requiring special script-shaping technologies such as ACE (Arabic Calligraphic Engine by DecoType in the 1980s and used to generate all the Arabic examples in the printed editions of the Unicode Standard), which became the proof of concept for OpenType (by Adobe and Microsoft), Graphite (by SIL International), or AAT (by Apple).

Question: What does ACE stand for?


Answer: DecoType

Question: Who created ACE?


Answer: 1980s

Question: When was ACE created?


Answer: Adobe and Microsoft

Question: Who created OpenType?


Answer: SIL International

Question: Who created Graphite?


Answer: in fonts

Context: Instructions are also embedded in fonts to tell the operating system how to properly output different character sequences. A simple solution to the placement of combining marks or diacritics is assigning the marks a width of zero and placing the glyph itself to the left or right of the left sidebearing (depending on the direction of the script they are intended to be used with). A mark handled this way will appear over whatever character precedes it, but will not adjust its position relative to the width or height of the base glyph; it may be visually awkward and it may overlap some glyphs. Real stacking is impossible, but can be approximated in limited cases (for example, Thai top-combining vowels and tone marks can just be at different heights to start with). Generally this approach is only effective in monospaced fonts, but may be used as a fallback rendering method when more complex methods fail.

Question: where are instructions embedded to tell fonts how to output sequences?


Answer: Real stacking is impossible

Question: Can real stacking be accomplished?


Answer: assigning the marks a width of zero and placing the glyph itself to the left or right of the left sidebearing

Question: what is a solution to the placement of combining marks?


Answer: WGL-4 with 652 characters

Context: Several subsets of Unicode are standardized: Microsoft Windows since Windows NT 4.0 supports WGL-4 with 652 characters, which is considered to support all contemporary European languages using the Latin, Greek, or Cyrillic script. Other standardized subsets of Unicode include the Multilingual European Subsets: MES-1 (Latin scripts only, 335 characters), MES-2 (Latin, Greek and Cyrillic 1062 characters) and MES-3A & MES-3B (two larger subsets, not shown here). Note that MES-2 includes every character in MES-1 and WGL-4.

Question: What subset of Unicode is used by Windows?


Answer: Multilingual European Subsets

Question: What are MES-1, MES-2, AND MES-3A AND MES-3B part of?


Answer: MES-2

Question: What subset includes every character in MES-1 and WGL-4?


Answer: since Windows NT 4.0

Question: How long has Microsoft Windows supported WGL-4?


Answer: Latin scripts only

Question: MES-1 uses what scripts only?


Answer: open rectangle, or the Unicode "replacement character"

Context: Rendering software which cannot process a Unicode character appropriately often displays it as an open rectangle, or the Unicode "replacement character" (U+FFFD, �), to indicate the position of the unrecognized character. Some systems have made attempts to provide more information about such characters. The Apple's Last Resort font will display a substitute glyph indicating the Unicode range of the character, and the SIL International's Unicode Fallback font will display a box showing the hexadecimal scalar value of the character.

Question: What does rendering software display when it can't process a Unicode character?


Answer: U+FFFD

Question: What is the code for the Unicode replacement character?


Answer: Last Resort

Question: What is the name of Apple's font?


Answer: SIL International

Question: What company uses the Unicode Fallback font?


Answer: a box showing the hexadecimal scalar value of the character

Question: What does SIL's Unicode Fallback font display when it can't display a character properly?


Answer: Unicode

Context: Unicode has become the dominant scheme for internal processing and storage of text. Although a great deal of text is still stored in legacy encodings, Unicode is used almost exclusively for building new information processing systems. Early adopters tended to use UCS-2 (the fixed-width two-byte precursor to UTF-16) and later moved to UTF-16 (the variable-width current standard), as this was the least disruptive way to add support for non-BMP characters. The best known such system is Windows NT (and its descendants, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7), which uses UTF-16 as the sole internal character encoding. The Java and .NET bytecode environments, Mac OS X, and KDE also use it for internal representation. Unicode is available on Windows 95 through Microsoft Layer for Unicode, as well as on its descendants, Windows 98 and Windows ME.

Question: What is the dominant scheme for internal processing?


Answer: Microsoft Layer

Question: What is Unicode available through Windows on?


Answer: UCS-2

Question: What was the two-byte precursor to UTF-16?


Answer: Unicode

Question: What is used almost exclusively for building new information processing systems?


Answer: the UTF-8 character set and the Base64 or the Quoted-printable transfer encoding

Context: MIME defines two different mechanisms for encoding non-ASCII characters in email, depending on whether the characters are in email headers (such as the "Subject:"), or in the text body of the message; in both cases, the original character set is identified as well as a transfer encoding. For email transmission of Unicode the UTF-8 character set and the Base64 or the Quoted-printable transfer encoding are recommended, depending on whether much of the message consists of ASCII-characters. The details of the two different mechanisms are specified in the MIME standards and generally are hidden from users of email software.

Question: What is recommended for email transmission of Unicode?


Answer: MIME standards

Question: Where are the details of the two mechanisms for email transmission specified?


Answer: two different mechanisms

Question: How many different mechanisms does MIME define for encoding Unicode in email?


Answer: fewer than a dozen fonts

Context: Thousands of fonts exist on the market, but fewer than a dozen fonts—sometimes described as "pan-Unicode" fonts—attempt to support the majority of Unicode's character repertoire. Instead, Unicode-based fonts typically focus on supporting only basic ASCII and particular scripts or sets of characters or symbols. Several reasons justify this approach: applications and documents rarely need to render characters from more than one or two writing systems; fonts tend to demand resources in computing environments; and operating systems and applications show increasing intelligence in regard to obtaining glyph information from separate font files as needed, i.e., font substitution. Furthermore, designing a consistent set of rendering instructions for tens of thousands of glyphs constitutes a monumental task; such a venture passes the point of diminishing returns for most typefaces.

Question: How many fonts support the majority of Unicode's character repertoire?


Answer: "pan-Unicode" fonts

Question: What are the fonts that support Unicode referred to as?


Answer: basic ASCII and particular scripts or sets of characters or symbols

Question: Unicode-based fonts are normally focused on supporting what?


Answer: U+2028

Context: In terms of the newline, Unicode introduced U+2028 LINE SEPARATOR and U+2029 PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR. This was an attempt to provide a Unicode solution to encoding paragraphs and lines semantically, potentially replacing all of the various platform solutions. In doing so, Unicode does provide a way around the historical platform dependent solutions. Nonetheless, few if any Unicode solutions have adopted these Unicode line and paragraph separators as the sole canonical line ending characters. However, a common approach to solving this issue is through newline normalization. This is achieved with the Cocoa text system in Mac OS X and also with W3C XML and HTML recommendations. In this approach every possible newline character is converted internally to a common newline (which one does not really matter since it is an internal operation just for rendering). In other words, the text system can correctly treat the character as a newline, regardless of the input's actual encoding.

Question: What is the code for separating lines?


Answer: U+2029

Question: What is the code for separating paragraphs?


Answer: Cocoa text system

Question: How is newline normalization accomplished in Mac OS X?


Answer: every possible newline character is converted internally to a common newline

Question: How does the newliine normallization format work?


Answer: complicates the processing of ancient Japanese and uncommon Japanese names

Context: Unicode has been criticized for failing to separately encode older and alternative forms of kanji which, critics argue, complicates the processing of ancient Japanese and uncommon Japanese names. This is often due to the fact that Unicode encodes characters rather than glyphs (the visual representations of the basic character that often vary from one language to another). Unification of glyphs leads to the perception that the languages themselves, not just the basic character representation, are being merged.[clarification needed] There have been several attempts to create alternative encodings that preserve the stylistic differences between Chinese, Japanese, and Korean characters in opposition to Unicode's policy of Han unification. An example of one is TRON (although it is not widely adopted in Japan, there are some users who need to handle historical Japanese text and favor it).

Question: Why has Unicode been criticized for not separately encoding forms of kanji?


Answer: alternative encodings that preserve the stylistic differences between Chinese, Japanese, and Korean characters

Question: What is TRON?


Answer: the languages themselves, not just the basic character representation, are being merged

Question: What perception does the unification of glyphs cause?


Answer: Advanced Typographic

Context: Modern font technology provides a means to address the practical issue of needing to depict a unified Han character in terms of a collection of alternative glyph representations, in the form of Unicode variation sequences. For example, the Advanced Typographic tables of OpenType permit one of a number of alternative glyph representations to be selected when performing the character to glyph mapping process. In this case, information can be provided within plain text to designate which alternate character form to select.

Question: what tables of OpenType allow permit the selection of alternative glyph representations?


Answer: plain text

Question: Where is information provided to designate which character form to select?


Answer: Unicode variation sequences

Question: How does modern font technology address the issue of depicting a Han character in alternate glyph representations?


Answer: preexisting character encodings

Context: Unicode was designed to provide code-point-by-code-point round-trip format conversion to and from any preexisting character encodings, so that text files in older character sets can be naïvely converted to Unicode, and then back and get back the same file. That has meant that inconsistent legacy architectures, such as combining diacritics and precomposed characters, both exist in Unicode, giving more than one method of representing some text. This is most pronounced in the three different encoding forms for Korean Hangul. Since version 3.0, any precomposed characters that can be represented by a combining sequence of already existing characters can no longer be added to the standard in order to preserve interoperability between software using different versions of Unicode.

Question: Unicode was designed for a round trip format conversion to and from what?


Answer: three different encoding forms

Question: How many encoding forms are there for Korean Hangul?


Answer: version 3.0

Question: Since what version can already existing characters no longer be added to the standard?


Answer: Injective mappings

Context: Injective mappings must be provided between characters in existing legacy character sets and characters in Unicode to facilitate conversion to Unicode and allow interoperability with legacy software. Lack of consistency in various mappings between earlier Japanese encodings such as Shift-JIS or EUC-JP and Unicode led to round-trip format conversion mismatches, particularly the mapping of the character JIS X 0208 '～' (1-33, WAVE DASH), heavily used in legacy database data, to either U+FF5E ～ FULLWIDTH TILDE (in Microsoft Windows) or U+301C 〜 WAVE DASH (other vendors).

Question: What kind of mappings must be provided between characters in existing legacy character sets and those in Unicode?


Answer: Shift-JIS or EUC-JP

Question: A lack of consistency between what earlier Japanese encodings and unicode led to mismatches?


Answer: U+FF5E

Question: what is the fullwidth tilde character code in Microsoft Windows?


Answer: 128

Context: Indic scripts such as Tamil and Devanagari are each allocated only 128 code points, matching the ISCII standard. The correct rendering of Unicode Indic text requires transforming the stored logical order characters into visual order and the forming of ligatures (aka conjuncts) out of components. Some local scholars argued in favor of assignments of Unicode code points to these ligatures, going against the practice for other writing systems, though Unicode contains some Arabic and other ligatures for backward compatibility purposes only. Encoding of any new ligatures in Unicode will not happen, in part because the set of ligatures is font-dependent, and Unicode is an encoding independent of font variations. The same kind of issue arose for Tibetan script[citation needed] (the Chinese National Standard organization failed to achieve a similar change).

Question: How many code points are tamil and Devanagari allocated?


Answer: conjuncts

Question: What is another word for ligatures?


Answer: 128 code points

Question: What is the ISCII standard?


Answer: Thai Industrial Standard 620

Context: Thai alphabet support has been criticized for its ordering of Thai characters. The vowels เ, แ, โ, ใ, ไ that are written to the left of the preceding consonant are in visual order instead of phonetic order, unlike the Unicode representations of other Indic scripts. This complication is due to Unicode inheriting the Thai Industrial Standard 620, which worked in the same way, and was the way in which Thai had always been written on keyboards. This ordering problem complicates the Unicode collation process slightly, requiring table lookups to reorder Thai characters for collation. Even if Unicode had adopted encoding according to spoken order, it would still be problematic to collate words in dictionary order. E.g., the word แสดง [sa dɛːŋ] "perform" starts with a consonant cluster "สด" (with an inherent vowel for the consonant "ส"), the vowel แ-, in spoken order would come after the ด, but in a dictionary, the word is collated as it is written, with the vowel following the ส.

Question: What standard did Unicode inherit involving a Thai language?


Answer: its ordering of Thai characters

Question: Why has Thai alphabet support been criticized?


Answer: Thai characters. The vowels เ, แ, โ, ใ, ไ that are written to the left of the preceding consonant are in visual order instead of phonetic order

Question: How are the Thai characters ordered incorrectly?


Answer: either as a single precomposed character or as a decomposed sequence of a base letter plus one or more non-spacing marks

Context: Characters with diacritical marks can generally be represented either as a single precomposed character or as a decomposed sequence of a base letter plus one or more non-spacing marks. For example, ḗ (precomposed e with macron and acute above) and ḗ (e followed by the combining macron above and combining acute above) should be rendered identically, both appearing as an e with a macron and acute accent, but in practice, their appearance may vary depending upon what rendering engine and fonts are being used to display the characters. Similarly, underdots, as needed in the romanization of Indic, will often be placed incorrectly[citation needed]. Unicode characters that map to precomposed glyphs can be used in many cases, thus avoiding the problem, but where no precomposed character has been encoded the problem can often be solved by using a specialist Unicode font such as Charis SIL that uses Graphite, OpenType, or AAT technologies for advanced rendering features.

Question: How are characters with diacritical marks represented?


Answer: Graphite, OpenType, or AAT technologies

Question: What encoding does Charis SIL use?


Answer: often be placed incorrectly

Question: What is the issue with underdots and their placement?


Answer: diacritical marks

Question: Characters with what marks can be displayed as a single character or a decomposed sequence?


Answer: identically

Question: How should the characters with the macron and acute be displayed?


Answer: Detroit

Context: Detroit (/dᵻˈtrɔɪt/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States.

Question: What city has the biggest population in Michigan?


Answer: Wayne County

Question: What is the name of the county that Detroit is a part of?


Answer: 5.3 million

Question: How many people inhabit metro Detroit?


Answer: Detroit River

Question: What is the name of the river that runs through Detroit?


Answer: Midwest

Question: In what region of the country is Detroit located?


Answer: one-half

Context: Detroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit–Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada–U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.

Question: How much of Michigan's population resides in the Detroit metropolitan area?


Answer: 5,700,000

Question: How big is the population of the Detroit-Windsor area?


Answer: 1,337 square miles

Question: How many square miles is is Detroit's urban area?


Answer: 2010

Question: In which census are these numbers coming from?


Answer: 25

Context: Due to industrial restructuring and loss of jobs in the auto industry, Detroit lost considerable population from the late 20th century to present. Between 2000 and 2010 the city's population fell by 25 percent, changing its ranking from the nation's 10th-largest city to 18th. In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777, more than a 60 percent drop from a peak population of over 1.8 million at the 1950 census. This resulted from suburbanization, industrial restructuring, and the decline of Detroit's auto industry. Following the shift of population and jobs to its suburbs or other states or nations, the city has focused on becoming the metropolitan region's employment and economic center. Downtown Detroit has held an increased role as an entertainment destination in the 21st century, with the restoration of several historic theatres, several new sports stadiums, and a riverfront revitalization project. More recently, the population of Downtown Detroit, Midtown Detroit, and a handful of other neighborhoods has increased. Many other neighborhoods remain distressed, with extensive abandonment of properties.

Question: By how much has Detroit's population fallen this century?


Answer: auto

Question: The decline of what industry has hurt Detroit?


Answer: entertainment

Question: What industry has Detroit tried to revitalize in recent years?


Answer: abandonment of properties

Question: What is one of the problems that currently effects property values in Detroit?


Answer: Rick Snyder

Context: The Governor of Michigan, Rick Snyder, declared a financial emergency for the city in March 2013, appointing an emergency manager. On July 18, 2013, Detroit filed the largest municipal bankruptcy case in U.S. history. It was declared bankrupt by Judge Steven W. Rhodes of the Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Michigan on December 3, 2013; he cited its $18.5 billion debt and declared that negotiations with its thousands of creditors were unfeasible. On November 7, 2014, Judge Rhodes approved the city's bankruptcy plan, allowing the city to begin the process of exiting bankruptcy. The City of Detroit successfully exited Chapter 9 municipal bankruptcy with all finances handed back to the city at midnight on December 11, 2014.

Question: Who is the Governor in Michigan?


Answer: July 18, 2013

Question: On which date did Detroit file bankruptcy?


Answer: $18.5 billion

Question: How much debt did Detroit have when they declared bankruptcy?


Answer: November 7, 2014

Question: On which date was Detroit's bankruptcy plan approved?


Answer: Chapter 9

Question: What type of bankruptcy did Detroit go through?


Answer: 1,400

Context: On the shores of the strait, in 1701, the French officer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, along with fifty-one French people and French Canadians, founded a settlement called Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit, naming it after Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain, Minister of Marine under Louis XIV. France offered free land to colonists to attract families to Detroit; when it reached a total population of 800 in 1765, it was the largest city between Montreal and New Orleans, both also French settlements. By 1773, the population of Detroit was 1,400. By 1778, its population was up to 2,144 and it was the third-largest city in the Province of Quebec.

Question: What was Detroit's population in 1773?


Answer: 2,144

Question: What was Detroit's population in 1778?


Answer: 800

Question: What was Detroit's population in 1765?


Answer: Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain

Question: Who was the French Minister of Marine in 1701?


Answer: Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac

Question: Which French officer led the 1701 expedition?


Answer: fur

Context: The region grew based on the lucrative fur trade, in which numerous Native American people had important roles. Detroit's city flag reflects its French colonial heritage. (See Flag of Detroit). Descendants of the earliest French and French Canadian settlers formed a cohesive community who gradually were replaced as the dominant population after more Anglo-American settlers came to the area in the early 19th century. Living along the shores of Lakes St. Clair, and south to Monroe and downriver suburbs, the French Canadians of Detroit, also known as Muskrat French, remain a subculture in the region today.

Question: What trade was instrumental to the growth of this region?


Answer: Anglo-American settlers

Question: By which group were the original French and French Canadians replaced?


Answer: Muskrat French

Question: What is the name of the French Canadians in Detroit?


Answer: War of 1812

Context: From 1805 to 1847, Detroit was the capital of Michigan (first the territory, then the state). Detroit surrendered without a fight to British troops during the War of 1812 in the Siege of Detroit. The Battle of Frenchtown (January 18–23, 1813) was part of a United States effort to retake the city, and American troops suffered their highest fatalities of any battle in the war. This battle is commemorated at River Raisin National Battlefield Park south of Detroit in Monroe County. Detroit was finally recaptured by the United States later that year.

Question: In which War was Detroit captured by the British?


Answer: Battle of Frenchtown

Question: In which battle did American troops suffer the highest casualties?


Answer: 1813

Question: In which year was Detroit recaptured?


Answer: Monroe County

Question: In which county is the park commemorating the Battle of Frenchtown?


Answer: 1863

Context: Numerous men from Detroit volunteered to fight for the Union during the American Civil War, including the 24th Michigan Infantry Regiment (part of the legendary Iron Brigade), which fought with distinction and suffered 82% casualties at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863. When the First Volunteer Infantry Regiment arrived to fortify Washington, DC, President Abraham Lincoln is quoted as saying "Thank God for Michigan!" George Armstrong Custer led the Michigan Brigade during the Civil War and called them the "Wolverines".

Question: What year was the Battle of Gettysburg?


Answer: George Armstrong Custer

Question: Who led the Wolverine Brigade?


Answer: Iron Brigade

Question: What Brigade was the 24th Michigan Infantry Regiment a part of?


Answer: 82%

Question: How many casualties did the 24th Michigan Infantry Regiment have in Gettysburg?


Answer: Paris of the West

Context: During the late 19th century, several Gilded Age mansions reflecting the wealth of industry and shipping magnates were built east and west of the current downtown, along the major avenues of the Woodward plan. Most notable among them was the David Whitney House located at 4421 Woodward Avenue, which became a prime location for mansions. During this period some referred to Detroit as the Paris of the West for its architecture, grand avenues in the Paris style, and for Washington Boulevard, recently electrified by Thomas Edison. The city had grown steadily from the 1830s with the rise of shipping, shipbuilding, and manufacturing industries. Strategically located along the Great Lakes waterway, Detroit emerged as a major port and transportation hub.

Question: What was a nickname for Detroit in the late 19th century?


Answer: Great Lakes

Question: On which waterway is Detroit located?


Answer: David Whitney House

Question: What is the most famous mansion in Detroit?


Answer: Woodward Avenue

Question: Which street became known for it's mansions?


Answer: Thomas Edison

Question: Who electrified Detroit?


Answer: Jimmy Hoffa

Context: With the rapid growth of industrial workers in the auto factories, labor unions such as the American Federation of Labor and the United Auto Workers fought to organize workers to gain them better working conditions and wages. They initiated strikes and other tactics in support of improvements such as the 8-hour day/40-hour work week, increased wages, greater benefits and improved working conditions. The labor activism during those years increased influence of union leaders in the city such as Jimmy Hoffa of the Teamsters and Walter Reuther of the Autoworkers.

Question: Who was the labor leader of the Teamsters?


Answer: Walter Reuther

Question: Who was the labor leader of the Autoworkers?


Answer: 8

Question: How many hours did the unions push for as a maximum for a work day?


Answer: 40

Question: How many hours did the Unions want the work week to be limited to?


Answer: The Black Legion

Context: Detroit, like many places in the United States, developed racial conflict and discrimination in the 20th century following rapid demographic changes as hundreds of thousands of new workers were attracted to the industrial city; in a short period it became the 4th-largest city in the nation. The Great Migration brought rural blacks from the South; they were outnumbered by southern whites who also migrated to the city. Immigration brought southern and eastern Europeans of Catholic and Jewish faith; these new groups competed with native-born whites for jobs and housing in the booming city. Detroit was one of the major Midwest cities that was a site for the dramatic urban revival of the Ku Klux Klan beginning in 1915. "By the 1920s the city had become a stronghold of the KKK," whose members opposed Catholic and Jewish immigrants, as well as black Americans. The Black Legion, a secret vigilante group, was active in the Detroit area in the 1930s, when one-third of its estimated 20,000 to 30,000 members in Michigan were based in the city. It was defeated after numerous prosecutions following the kidnapping and murder in 1936 of Charles Poole, a Catholic Works Progress Administration organizer. A total of 49 men of the Black Legion were convicted of numerous crimes, with many sentenced to life in prison for murder.

Question: What was the name of a vigilante group in Detroit?


Answer: 49

Question: How many people of The Black Legion were convicted of crimes?


Answer: 1920s

Question: By which decade had the KKK become very active in Detroit?


Answer: The Great Migration

Question: What is the name of the movement of rural blacks in the early 20th century called?


Answer: 34

Context: Jobs expanded so rapidly that 400,000 people were attracted to the city from 1941 to 1943, including 50,000 blacks in the second wave of the Great Migration, and 350,000 whites, many of them from the South. Some European immigrants and their descendants feared black competition for jobs and housing. The federal government prohibited discrimination in defense work but when in June 1943, Packard promoted three blacks to work next to whites on its assembly lines, 25,000 whites walked off the job. The Detroit race riot of 1943 took place three weeks after the Packard plant protest. Over the course of three days, 34 people were killed, of whom 25 were African American, and approximately 600 were injured, 75% black people.

Question: How many people were killed in the race riot of 1943?


Answer: 400,000

Question: How many people came to Detroit between 1941 and 1943?


Answer: Packard plant protest

Question: After which event did the 1943 race riot happen?


Answer: Packard

Question: What care company promoted black workers to work alongside white workers?


Answer: 1956

Context: As in other major American cities in the postwar era, construction of an extensive highway and freeway system around Detroit and pent-up demand for new housing stimulated suburbanization; highways made commuting by car easier. In 1956, Detroit's last heavily used electric streetcar line along the length of Woodward Avenue was removed and replaced with gas-powered buses. It was the last line of what had once been a 534-mile network of electric streetcars. In 1941 at peak times, a streetcar ran on Woodward Avenue every 60 seconds.

Question: In which year was the last electric streetcar line removed?


Answer: 60

Question: How many seconds did a streetcar run along Woodward Ave in 1941?


Answer: highways

Question: What made car travel much easier?


Answer: 1963

Context: In June 1963, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. gave a major speech in Detroit that foreshadowed his "I Have a Dream" speech in Washington, D.C. two months later. While the African-American Civil Rights Movement gained significant federal civil rights laws in 1964 and 1965, longstanding inequities resulted in confrontations between the police and inner city black youth wanting change. Longstanding tensions in Detroit culminated in the Twelfth Street riot in July 1967. Governor George W. Romney ordered the Michigan National Guard into Detroit, and President Johnson sent in U.S. Army troops. The result was 43 dead, 467 injured, over 7,200 arrests, and more than 2,000 buildings destroyed, mostly in black residential and business areas. Thousands of small businesses closed permanently or relocated to safer neighborhoods. The affected district lay in ruins for decades. It was the most costly riot in the United States.

Question: In which year did Martin Luther King Jr. give a speech in Detroit?


Answer: Twelfth Street riot

Question: What is the name of the riot in Detroit in 1967?


Answer: George W. Romney

Question: Who was the Governor of Michigan in 1967?


Answer: President Johnson

Question: Who was the President of the United States in 1967?


Answer: 43

Question: How many people were killed in the Twelfth Street riots?


Answer: William Milliken

Context: On August 18, 1970, the NAACP filed suit against Michigan state officials, including Governor William Milliken, charging de facto public school segregation. The NAACP argued that although schools were not legally segregated, the city of Detroit and its surrounding counties had enacted policies to maintain racial segregation in public schools. The NAACP also suggested a direct relationship between unfair housing practices and educational segregation, which followed segregated neighborhoods. The District Court held all levels of government accountable for the segregation in its ruling. The Sixth Circuit Court affirmed some of the decision, holding that it was the state's responsibility to integrate across the segregated metropolitan area. The U.S. Supreme Court took up the case February 27, 1974. The subsequent Milliken v. Bradley decision had wide national influence. In a narrow decision, the Court found that schools were a subject of local control and that suburbs could not be forced to solve problems in the city's school district.

Question: Who was Governor of Michigan in 1970?


Answer: Milliken v. Bradley

Question: What is the court case that ruled that schools were subject to local control?


Answer: 1974

Question: In which year did the Supreme Court hear Milliken v. Bradley?


Answer: Milliken

Context: "Milliken was perhaps the greatest missed opportunity of that period," said Myron Orfield, professor of law at the University of Minnesota. "Had that gone the other way, it would have opened the door to fixing nearly all of Detroit's current problems." John Mogk, a professor of law and an expert in urban planning at Wayne State University in Detroit, says, "Everybody thinks that it was the riots [in 1967] that caused the white families to leave. Some people were leaving at that time but, really, it was after Milliken that you saw mass flight to the suburbs. If the case had gone the other way, it is likely that Detroit would not have experienced the steep decline in its tax base that has occurred since then."

Question: What case is cited as a reason for White people leaving Detroit?


Answer: Wayne State University

Question: What school does John Mogk teach at?


Answer: University of Minnesota

Question: At which school did Myron Orfield teach?


Answer: Coleman Young

Context: In November 1973, the city elected Coleman Young as its first black mayor. After taking office, Young emphasized increasing racial diversity in the police department. Young also worked to improve Detroit's transportation system, but tension between Young and his suburban counterparts over regional matters was problematic throughout his mayoral term. In 1976, the federal government offered $600 million for building a regional rapid transit system, under a single regional authority. But the inability of Detroit and its suburban neighbors to solve conflicts over transit planning resulted in the region losing the majority of funding for rapid transit. Following the failure to reach an agreement over the larger system, the City moved forward with construction of the elevated downtown circulator portion of the system, which became known as the Detroit People Mover.

Question: Who was the first black mayor of Detroit?


Answer: Detroit People Mover

Question: What did Detroit build after the failure of a larger regional transportation system?


Answer: $600 million

Question: How much did the federal government offer for a rapid transit system?


Answer: suburban neighbors

Question: Who did Detroit argue with when trying to plane a regional transit system?


Answer: gasoline crises

Context: The gasoline crises of 1973 and 1979 also affected Detroit and the U.S. auto industry. Buyers chose smaller, more fuel-efficient cars made by foreign makers as the price of gas rose. Efforts to revive the city were stymied by the struggles of the auto industry, as their sales and market share declined. Automakers laid off thousands of employees and closed plants in the city, further eroding the tax base. To counteract this, the city used eminent domain to build two large new auto assembly plants in the city.

Question: What hurt the Auto industry?


Answer: eminent domain

Question: What did Detroit use to build it's tax base?


Answer: eroding the tax base

Question: What was one of the effects of having employers cut jobs and closing plants in Detroit?


Answer: The Renaissance Center

Context: As mayor, Young sought to revive the city by seeking to increase investment in the city's declining downtown. The Renaissance Center, a mixed-use office and retail complex, opened in 1977. This group of skyscrapers was an attempt to keep businesses in downtown. Young also gave city support to other large developments to attract middle and upper-class residents back to the city. Despite the Renaissance Center and other projects, the downtown area continued to lose businesses to the suburbs. Major stores and hotels closed and many large office buildings went vacant. Young was criticized for being too focused on downtown development and not doing enough to lower the city's high crime rate and improve city services.

Question: What group of buildings opened in 1977?


Answer: high crime rate

Question: What was Mayor Young criticized for not reducing?


Answer: suburbs

Question: What area did downtown Detroit continue to lose businesses to?


Answer: 1950

Context: Long a major population center and site of worldwide automobile manufacturing, Detroit has suffered a long economic decline produced by numerous factors. Like many industrial American cities, Detroit reached its population peak in the 1950 census. The peak population was 1.8 million people. Following suburbanization, industrial restructuring, and loss of jobs (as described above), by the 2010 census, the city had less than 40 percent of that number, with just over 700,000 residents. The city has declined in population in each census since 1950.

Question: In which year did Detroit's population peak?


Answer: 1.8 million

Question: What was the population of Detroit in 1950?


Answer: 40

Question: By how much in percent has the population of Detroit declined since 1950?


Answer: 700,000

Question: What was the population of Detroit in 2010?


Answer: 2004

Context: Campus Martius, a reconfiguration of downtown's main intersection as a new park was opened in 2004. The park has been cited as one of the best public spaces in the United States. The city's riverfront has been the focus of redevelopment, following successful examples of other older industrial cities. In 2001, the first portion of the International Riverfront was completed as a part of the city's 300th anniversary celebration, with miles of parks and associated landscaping completed in succeeding years. In 2011, the Port Authority Passenger Terminal opened with the river walk connecting Hart Plaza to the Renaissance Center.

Question: In which year was Campus Martius open?


Answer: riverfront

Question: What area has Detroit been trying to redevelop?


Answer: 2001

Question: In which year did Detroit celebrate it's 300th anniversary?


Answer: Port Authority Passenger Terminal

Question: What opened in 2011?


Answer: Hart Plaza to the Renaissance Center

Question: Which two areas were connected by the Port Authority Passenger Terminal?


Answer: $9 billion

Context: Since 2006, $9 billion has been invested in downtown and surrounding neighborhoods; $5.2 billion of that in has come in 2013 and 2014. Construction activity, particularly rehabilitation of historic downtown buildings, has increased markedly. The number of vacant downtown buildings has dropped from nearly 50 to around 13.[when?] Among the most notable redevelopment projects are the Book Cadillac Hotel and the Fort Shelby Hotel; the David Broderick Tower; and the David Whitney Building. Meanwhile, work is underway or set to begin on the historic, vacant Wurlitzer Building and Strathmore Hotel.[citation needed]

Question: How much has been invested in Detroit since 2006?


Answer: Strathmore

Question: Which hotel is set to be renovated?


Answer: $5.2 billion

Question: How much money has been invested in Detroit in 2013-2014?


Answer: 13

Question: How many vacant downtown buildings are there in Detroit?


Answer: 1,000-3,000

Context: Detroit's protracted decline has resulted in severe urban decay and thousands of empty buildings around the city. Some parts of Detroit are so sparsely populated that the city has difficulty providing municipal services. The city has considered various solutions, such as demolishing abandoned homes and buildings; removing street lighting from large portions of the city; and encouraging the small population in certain areas to move to more populated locations. While some have estimated 20,000 stray dogs roam the city, studies have shown the true number to be around 1,000-3,000. Roughly half of the owners of Detroit's 305,000 properties failed to pay their 2011 tax bills, resulting in about $246 million in taxes and fees going uncollected, nearly half of which was due to Detroit; the rest of the money would have been earmarked for Wayne County, Detroit Public Schools, and the library system.

Question: How many stray dogs do studies suggest are in Detroit?


Answer: $246 million

Question: How much in unpaid taxes did Detroit fail to collect in 2011?


Answer: urban decay

Question: What is the term for when a city falls into disrepair?


Answer: Detroit Moraine

Context: The city slopes gently from the northwest to southeast on a till plain composed largely of glacial and lake clay. The most notable topographical feature in the city is the Detroit Moraine, a broad clay ridge on which the older portions of Detroit and Windsor sit atop, rising approximately 62 feet (19 m) above the river at its highest point. The highest elevation in the city is located directly north of Gorham Playground on the northwest side approximately three blocks south of 8 Mile Road, at a height of 675 to 680 feet (206 to 207 m). Detroit's lowest elevation is along the Detroit River, at a surface height of 572 feet (174 m).

Question: What is the prominent topographical feature in Detroit?


Answer: 675 to 680 feet

Question: How tall is the tallest point in Detroit?


Answer: Detroit River

Question: What is the lowest point in Detroit along side?


Answer: clay

Question: What material is the Detroit Moraine composed of?


Answer: Detroit Salt Company

Context: Detroit has four border crossings: the Ambassador Bridge and the Detroit–Windsor Tunnel provide motor vehicle thoroughfares, with the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel providing railroad access to and from Canada. The fourth border crossing is the Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry, located near the Windsor Salt Mine and Zug Island. Near Zug Island, the southwest part of the city was developed over a 1,500-acre (610 ha) salt mine that is 1,100 feet (340 m) below the surface. The Detroit Salt Company mine has over 100 miles (160 km) of roads within.

Question: What company mines salt in Detroit?


Answer: 1,500

Question: How many acres is the Windsor Salt Mine?


Answer: four

Question: How many routes to Canada does Detroit have?


Answer: Michigan Central Railway Tunnel

Question: What is the railway tunnel to Canada called?


Answer: Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry

Question: What it the Ferry to Canada called?


Answer: Great Lakes

Context: Detroit and the rest of southeastern Michigan have a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa) which is influenced by the Great Lakes; the city and close-in suburbs are part of USDA Hardiness zone 6b, with farther-out northern and western suburbs generally falling in zone 6a. Winters are cold, with moderate snowfall and temperatures not rising above freezing on an average 44 days annually, while dropping to or below 0 °F (−18 °C) on an average 4.4 days a year; summers are warm to hot with temperatures exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) on 12 days. The warm season runs from May to September. The monthly daily mean temperature ranges from 25.6 °F (−3.6 °C) in January to 73.6 °F (23.1 °C) in July. Official temperature extremes range from 105 °F (41 °C) on July 24, 1934 down to −21 °F (−29 °C) on January 21, 1984; the record low maximum is −4 °F (−20 °C) on January 19, 1994, while, conversely the record high minimum is 80 °F (27 °C) on August 1, 2006, the most recent of five occurrences. A decade or two may pass between readings of 100 °F (38 °C) or higher, which last occurred July 17, 2012. The average window for freezing temperatures is October 20 thru April 22, allowing a growing season of 180 days.

Question: What body of water affects Detroit's climate?


Answer: 4.4

Question: How many days a year does the temperature in Detroit drop below 0?


Answer: May to September

Question: When is the warm season in Detroit?


Answer: 33.5 inches

Context: Precipitation is moderate and somewhat evenly distributed throughout the year, although the warmer months such as May and June average more, averaging 33.5 inches (850 mm) annually, but historically ranging from 20.49 in (520 mm) in 1963 to 47.70 in (1,212 mm) in 2011. Snowfall, which typically falls in measurable amounts between November 15 through April 4 (occasionally in October and very rarely in May), averages 42.5 inches (108 cm) per season, although historically ranging from 11.5 in (29 cm) in 1881−82 to 94.9 in (241 cm) in 2013−14. A thick snowpack is not often seen, with an average of only 27.5 days with 3 in (7.6 cm) or more of snow cover. Thunderstorms are frequent in the Detroit area. These usually occur during spring and summer.

Question: What is the average rainfall for summer months?


Answer: 42.5

Question: How many inches of snow does Detroit get on average?


Answer: spring and summer

Question: When do thunderstorms usually occur in Detroit?


Answer: 27.5

Question: How many days a year does Detroit get a thick snow pack?


Answer: post modern Neo-Gothic spires

Context: Seen in panorama, Detroit's waterfront shows a variety of architectural styles. The post modern Neo-Gothic spires of the One Detroit Center (1993) were designed to blend with the city's Art Deco skyscrapers. Together with the Renaissance Center, they form a distinctive and recognizable skyline. Examples of the Art Deco style include the Guardian Building and Penobscot Building downtown, as well as the Fisher Building and Cadillac Place in the New Center area near Wayne State University. Among the city's prominent structures are United States' largest Fox Theatre, the Detroit Opera House, and the Detroit Institute of Arts.

Question: What architectural style does One Detroit Center boast?


Answer: Art Deco

Question: What style does the Guardian building use?


Answer: Fox Theatre

Question: What is a famous theater in Detroit?


Answer: Detroit Opera House

Question: What is a famous opera house in Detroit?


Answer: Wayne State University

Question: What university is near the New Center?


Answer: Downtown and New Center

Context: While the Downtown and New Center areas contain high-rise buildings, the majority of the surrounding city consists of low-rise structures and single-family homes. Outside of the city's core, residential high-rises are found in upper-class neighborhoods such as the East Riverfront extending toward Grosse Pointe and the Palmer Park neighborhood just west of Woodward. The University Commons-Palmer Park district in northwest Detroit, near the University of Detroit Mercy and Marygrove College, anchors historic neighborhoods including Palmer Woods, Sherwood Forest, and the University District.

Question: What areas of Detroit contain high rises?


Answer: Palmer Park

Question: What is the neighborhood just west of Woodward?


Answer: historic

Question: What type of neighborhood is Sherwood Forest?


Answer: Belle Isle Park

Context: The Detroit International Riverfront includes a partially completed three-and-one-half mile riverfront promenade with a combination of parks, residential buildings, and commercial areas. It extends from Hart Plaza to the MacArthur Bridge accessing Belle Isle Park (the largest island park in a U.S. city). The riverfront includes Tri-Centennial State Park and Harbor, Michigan's first urban state park. The second phase is a two-mile (3 km) extension from Hart Plaza to the Ambassador Bridge for a total of five miles (8 km) of parkway from bridge to bridge. Civic planners envision that the pedestrian parks will stimulate residential redevelopment of riverfront properties condemned under eminent domain.

Question: What is the large island park in Detroit?


Answer: Tri-Centennial State Park

Question: What is Michigan's first urban park?


Answer: two-mile

Question: How long is the second phase of the riverfront?


Answer: five miles

Question: What is the total length of the Detroit International Riverfront?


Answer: 78-acre

Context: Lafayette Park is a revitalized neighborhood on the city's east side, part of the Ludwig Mies van der Rohe residential district. The 78-acre (32 ha) development was originally called the Gratiot Park. Planned by Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig Hilberseimer and Alfred Caldwell it includes a landscaped, 19-acre (7.7 ha) park with no through traffic, in which these and other low-rise apartment buildings are situated. Immigrants have contributed to the city's neighborhood revitalization, especially in southwest Detroit. Southwest Detroit has experienced a thriving economy in recent years, as evidenced by new housing, increased business openings and the recently opened Mexicantown International Welcome Center.

Question: How large is Lafayette Park?


Answer: Southwest Detroit

Question: In which part of Detroit is Mexicantown International Welcome Center?


Answer: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe residential district

Question: What district is Lafayette Park a part of?


Answer: Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig Hilberseimer and Alfred Caldwell

Question: Who planned Lafayette Park?


Answer: a quarter

Context: The city has numerous neighborhoods consisting of vacant properties resulting in low inhabited density in those areas, stretching city services and infrastructure. These neighborhoods are concentrated in the northeast and on the city's fringes. A 2009 parcel survey found about a quarter of residential lots in the city to be undeveloped or vacant, and about 10% of the city's housing to be unoccupied. The survey also reported that most (86%) of the city's homes are in good condition with a minority (9%) in fair condition needing only minor repairs.

Question: How many of Detroit's residential lots are are underdeveloped?


Answer: 10%

Question: How many of Detroit's housing is unoccupied?


Answer: 9%

Question: How many home in Detroit need minor repairs?


Answer: 86%

Question: How many of Detroit's home are in good condition?


Answer: northeast and on the city's fringes

Question: Where are most of the low density area of Detroit located?


Answer: $300-million

Context: Public funding and private investment have also been made with promises to rehabilitate neighborhoods. In April 2008, the city announced a $300-million stimulus plan to create jobs and revitalize neighborhoods, financed by city bonds and paid for by earmarking about 15% of the wagering tax. The city's working plans for neighborhood revitalizations include 7-Mile/Livernois, Brightmoor, East English Village, Grand River/Greenfield, North End, and Osborn. Private organizations have pledged substantial funding to the efforts. Additionally, the city has cleared a 1,200-acre (490 ha) section of land for large-scale neighborhood construction, which the city is calling the Far Eastside Plan. In 2011, Mayor Bing announced a plan to categorize neighborhoods by their needs and prioritize the most needed services for those neighborhoods.

Question: How much in stimulus money was announced in 2008?


Answer: Mayor Bing

Question: Who was the Mayor of Detroit in 2011?


Answer: Far Eastside Plan

Question: What is the plan called that seeks to clear land for neighborhood construction?


Answer: 1,200

Question: How many acres of land does the Far Eastside Plan seek to clear?


Answer: earmarking about 15% of the wagering tax

Question: How was the 2008 stimulus plan payed for?


Answer: $26,098

Context: The loss of industrial and working-class jobs in the city has resulted in high rates of poverty and associated problems. From 2000 to 2009, the city's estimated median household income fell from $29,526 to $26,098. As of 2010[update] the mean income of Detroit is below the overall U.S. average by several thousand dollars. Of every three Detroit residents, one lives in poverty. Luke Bergmann, author of Getting Ghost: Two Young Lives and the Struggle for the Soul of an American City, said in 2010, "Detroit is now one of the poorest big cities in the country."

Question: What was the median household income in 2009?


Answer: $29,526

Question: What was the median household income in 2000?


Answer: one

Question: How many residents of Detroit in three live in poverty?


Answer: Luke Bergmann

Question: Who said that Detroit is one of the poorest big cities in the country?


Answer: 11th

Context: Oakland County in Metro Detroit, once rated amongst the wealthiest US counties per household, is no longer shown in the top 25 listing of Forbes magazine. But internal county statistical methods – based on measuring per capita income for counties with more than one million residents – show that Oakland is still within the top 12, slipping from the 4th-most affluent such county in the U.S. in 2004 to 11th-most affluent in 2009. Detroit dominates Wayne County, which has an average household income of about $38,000, compared to Oakland County's $62,000.

Question: What is Oakland Counties rank in affluence in 2009?


Answer: Detroit

Question: What city dominates Wayne County?


Answer: $62,000

Question: What is Oakland Counties average income?


Answer: $38,000

Question: What is Wayne Counties average income?


Answer: 90.4

Context: The city's population increased more than sixfold during the first half of the 20th century, fed largely by an influx of European, Middle Eastern (Lebanese, Assyrian/Chaldean), and Southern migrants to work in the burgeoning automobile industry. In 1940, Whites were 90.4% of the city's population. Since 1950 the city has seen a major shift in its population to the suburbs. In 1910, fewer than 6,000 blacks called the city home; in 1930 more than 120,000 blacks lived in Detroit. The thousands of African Americans who came to Detroit were part of the Great Migration of the 20th century.

Question: What percentage of Detroit's residents where white in 1940?


Answer: suburbs

Question: Where did the population of Detroit shift to in the second half of the 20th century?


Answer: 120,000

Question: How many blacks lived in Detroit in 1930?


Answer: Great Migration

Question: What was the movement of blacks to northern cities called?


Answer: automobile

Question: What industry is responsible for a large growth in Detroit's population?


Answer: Jim Crow

Context: Detroit remains one of the most racially segregated cities in the United States. From the 1940s to the 1970s a second wave of Blacks moved to Detroit to escape Jim Crow laws in the south and find jobs. However, they soon found themselves excluded from white areas of the city—through violence, laws, and economic discrimination (e.g., redlining). White residents attacked black homes: breaking windows, starting fires, and exploding bombs. The pattern of segregation was later magnified by white migration to the suburbs. One of the implications of racial segregation, which correlates with class segregation, may be overall worse health for some populations.

Question: Why did Blacks move to Detroit in the middle if the 20th century?


Answer: redlining

Question: What is an example of economic discrimination?


Answer: white migration to the suburbs

Question: What exacerbated segregation in Detroit?


Answer: health

Question: What generally declines in places that are segregated by race or class?


Answer: 13 percent

Context: While Blacks/African-Americans comprised only 13 percent of Michigan's population in 2010, they made up nearly 82 percent of Detroit's population. The next largest population groups were Whites, at 10 percent, and Hispanics, at 6 percent. According to the 2010 Census, segregation in Detroit has decreased in absolute and in relative terms. In the first decade of the 21st century, about two-thirds of the total black population in metropolitan area resided within the city limits of Detroit. The number of integrated neighborhoods has increased from 100 in 2000 to 204 in 2010. The city has also moved down the ranking, from number one most segregated to number four. A 2011 op-ed in The New York Times attributed the decreased segregation rating to the overall exodus from the city, cautioning that these areas may soon become more segregated. This pattern already happened in the 1970s, when apparent integration was actually a precursor to white flight and resegregation. Over a 60-year period, white flight occurred in the city. According to an estimate of the Michigan Metropolitan Information Center, from 2008 to 2009 the percentage of non-Hispanic White residents increased from 8.4% to 13.3%. Some empty nesters and many younger White people moved into the city while many African Americans moved to the suburbs.

Question: How much of Michigan's population is Black?


Answer: 82 percent

Question: How much of Detroit's population is Black?


Answer: four

Question: What was Detroit ranked as in a 2010 study on segregated cities?


Answer: suburbs

Question: Where have many Black people been moving to in recent years?


Answer: 13.3%

Question: What is the 2009 population of Whites in Detroit?


Answer: 1940s

Context: Detroit has a Mexican-American population. In the early 20th century thousands of Mexicans came to Detroit to work in agricultural, automotive, and steel jobs. During the Mexican Repatriation of the 1930s many Mexicans in Detroit were willingly repatriated or forced to repatriate. By the 1940s the Mexican community began to settle what is now Mexicantown. The population significantly increased in the 1990s due to immigration from Jalisco. In 2010 Detroit had 48,679 Hispanics, including 36,452 Mexicans. The number of Hispanics was a 70% increase from the number in 1990.

Question: When did Mexicantown start to grow?


Answer: 48,679

Question: What was Detroit's 2010 Hispanic population?


Answer: 36,452

Question: What was Detroit's 2010 Mexican population?


Answer: Mexican Repatriation of the 1930s

Question: What was it called when many Mexican's were forcibly repatriated?


Answer: A portion of Detroit next to eastern Hamtramck

Context: As of 2002 there are four areas in Detroit with significant Asian and Asian American populations. Northeast Detroit has population of Hmong with a smaller group of Lao people. A portion of Detroit next to eastern Hamtramck includes Bangladeshi Americans, Indian Americans, and Pakistani Americans; nearly all of the Bangladeshi population in Detroit lives in that area. Many of those residents own small businesses or work in blue collar jobs, and the population in that area is mostly Muslim. The area north of Downtown Detroit; including the region around the Henry Ford Hospital, the Detroit Medical Center, and Wayne State University; has transient Asian national origin residents who are university students or hospital workers. Few of them have permanent residency after schooling ends. They are mostly Chinese and Indian but the population also includes Filipinos, Koreans, and Pakistanis. In Southwest Detroit and western Detroit there are smaller, scattered Asian communities including an area in the westside adjacent to Dearborn and Redford Township that has a mostly Indian Asian population, and a community of Vietnamese and Laotians in Southwest Detroit.

Question: Where does most of the Bangladeshi population in Detroit live?


Answer: transient

Question: What is a word that could describe a lot of the Asian people who work or live in downtown Detroit?


Answer: Shinola

Context: Thousands more employees work in Midtown, north of the central business district. Midtown's anchors are the city's largest single employer Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, and the Henry Ford Health System in New Center. Midtown is also home to watchmaker Shinola and an array of small and/or startup companies. New Center bases TechTown, a research and business incubator hub that’s part of the WSU system. Like downtown and Corktown, Midtown also has a fast-growing retailing and restaurant scene.

Question: Which company makes timepieces in Midtown?


Answer: Detroit Medical Center

Question: What is the largest employer in Detroit?


Answer: central business district

Question: What district is Midtown north of?


Answer: Corktown

Question: Other than Downtown and Midtown, what area boasts a fast growing restaurant scene?


Answer: New Center

Question: Where is TechTown based?


Answer: Compuware

Context: A number of the city's downtown employers are relatively new, as there has been a marked trend of companies moving from satellite suburbs around Metropolitan Detroit into the downtown core.[citation needed] Compuware completed its world headquarters in downtown in 2003. OnStar, Blue Cross Blue Shield, and HP Enterprise Services are located at the Renaissance Center. PricewaterhouseCoopers Plaza offices are adjacent to Ford Field, and Ernst & Young completed its office building at One Kennedy Square in 2006. Perhaps most prominently, in 2010, Quicken Loans, one of the largest mortgage lenders, relocated its world headquarters and 4,000 employees to downtown Detroit, consolidating its suburban offices. In July 2012, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office opened its Elijah J. McCoy Satellite Office in the Rivertown/Warehouse District as its first location outside Washington, D.C.'s metropolitan area.

Question: What Tech company is based in Detroit?


Answer: Blue Cross Blue Shield

Question: What insurance company is located in downtown Detroit?


Answer: Quicken Loans

Question: Which company moved it's world headquarters to Detroit in 2010?


Answer: Elijah J. McCoy Satellite Office

Question: What is the name Of the U.S. Patent office in Detroit?


Answer: downtown

Context: The city of Detroit and other private-public partnerships have attempted to catalyze the region's growth by facilitating the building and historical rehabilitation of residential high-rises in the downtown, creating a zone that offers many business tax incentives, creating recreational spaces such as the Detroit RiverWalk, Campus Martius Park, Dequindre Cut Greenway, and Green Alleys in Midtown. The city itself has cleared sections of land while retaining a number of historically significant vacant buildings in order to spur redevelopment; though it has struggled with finances, the city issued bonds in 2008 to provide funding for ongoing work to demolish blighted properties. Two years earlier, downtown reported $1.3 billion in restorations and new developments which increased the number of construction jobs in the city. In the decade prior to 2006, downtown gained more than $15 billion in new investment from private and public sectors.

Question: Which part of Detroit has gotten billions in investment around the turn of the millennium?


Answer: Midtown

Question: What part of Detroit is Green Alleys located in?


Answer: historically significant

Question: What type of vacant buildings have been spared destruction?


Answer: Midtown

Context: Despite the city's recent financial issues, many developers remain unfazed by Detroit's problems. Midtown is one of the most successful areas within Detroit to have a residential occupancy rate of 96%. Numerous developments have been recently completely or are in various stages of construction. These include the $82 million reconstruction of downtown's David Whitney Building (now an Aloft Hotel and luxury residences), the Woodward Garden Block Development in Midtown, the residential conversion of the David Broderick Tower in downtown, the rehabilitation of the Book Cadillac Hotel (now a Westin and luxury condos) and Fort Shelby Hotel (now Doubletree) also in downtown, and various smaller projects.

Question: What part of Detroit still has high population density??


Answer: David Whitney Building

Question: Which building's reconstruction cost $82 million?


Answer: David Broderick Tower

Question: Which Downtown tower was converted to residential use?


Answer: Fort Shelby Hotel

Question: What was the former name of the Doubletree?


Answer: Book Cadillac Hotel

Question: What was the former name of the Westin?


Answer: JPMorgan Chase

Context: On May 21, 2014, JPMorgan Chase announced that it was injecting $100 million over five years into Detroit's economy, providing development funding for a variety of projects that would increase employment. It is the largest commitment made to any one city by the nation's biggest bank.[citation needed] Of the $100 million, $50 million will go toward development projects, $25 million will go toward city blight removal, $12.5 million will go for job training, $7 million will go for small businesses in the city, and $5.5 million will go toward the M-1 light rail project. On May 19, 2015, JPMorgan Chase announced that it has invested $32 million for two redevelopment projects in the city's Capitol Park district, the Capitol Park Lofts (the former Capitol Park Building) and the Detroit Savings Bank building at 1212 Griswold. Those investments are separate from Chase's five-year, $100-million commitment.

Question: Which bank announced an investment into Detroit in 2014?


Answer: $25 million

Question: How much of JPMorgan's investment will go to blight removal?


Answer: $12.5 million

Question: How much of JPMorgan's investment will go to job training?


Answer: $32 million

Question: How much did JPMorgan announce in additional investment into Detroit in 2015?


Answer: Windsor, Ontario

Context: A desire to be closer to the urban scene has also attracted some young professionals to reside in inner ring suburbs such as Grosse Pointe and Royal Oak, Detroit. Detroit's proximity to Windsor, Ontario, provides for views and nightlife, along with Ontario's minimum drinking age of 19. A 2011 study by Walk Score recognized Detroit for its above average walkability among large U.S. cities. About two-thirds of suburban residents occasionally dine and attend cultural events or take in professional games in the city of Detroit.

Question: Which city has a lower than usual drinking age?


Answer: two-thirds

Question: How many suburban residents take in Detroit's entertainment options?


Answer: Walk Score

Question: Who conducted a study about Detroit's walk-ability?


Answer: Arsenal of Democracy

Context: Known as the world's automotive center, "Detroit" is a metonym for that industry. Detroit's auto industry, some of which was converted to wartime defense production, was an important element of the American "Arsenal of Democracy" supporting the Allied powers during World War II. It is an important source of popular music legacies celebrated by the city's two familiar nicknames, the Motor City and Motown. Other nicknames arose in the 20th century, including City of Champions, beginning in the 1930s for its successes in individual and team sport; The D; Hockeytown (a trademark owned by the city's NHL club, the Red Wings); Rock City (after the Kiss song "Detroit Rock City"); and The 313 (its telephone area code).

Question: What "Arsenal" was Detroit a part of ?


Answer: Motown

Question: What nickname for Detroit recognizes it's musical history?


Answer: 313

Question: What is Detroit's area code?


Answer: Red Wings

Question: Which hockey team is based in Detroit?


Answer: Detroit Rock City

Question: What Kiss song gave Detroit the nickname Rock City?


Answer: John Lee Hooker

Context: In the 1940s, Detroit blues artist John Lee Hooker became a long-term resident in the city's southwest Delray neighborhood. Hooker, among other important blues musicians migrated from his home in Mississippi bringing the Delta blues to northern cities like Detroit. Hooker recorded for Fortune Records, the biggest pre-Motown blues/soul label. During the 1950s, the city became a center for jazz, with stars performing in the Black Bottom neighborhood. Prominent emerging Jazz musicians of the 1960s included: trumpet player Donald Byrd who attended Cass Tech and performed with Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers early in his career and Saxophonist Pepper Adams who enjoyed a solo career and accompanied Byrd on several albums. The Graystone International Jazz Museum documents jazz in Detroit.

Question: Which artist resided in Delray?


Answer: Donald Byrd

Question: Which musician attended Cass Tech?


Answer: Pepper Adams

Question: Which musician accompanied Donald Byrd on several albums?


Answer: Graystone International Jazz Museum

Question: What is the name of the jazz museum in Detroit?


Answer: blues

Question: What type of music is John Lee Hooker known for?