Answer: 1332

Context: A revolution in 1332 resulted in a broad-based city government with participation of the guilds, and Strasbourg declared itself a free republic. The deadly bubonic plague of 1348 was followed on 14 February 1349 by one of the first and worst pogroms in pre-modern history: over a thousand Jews were publicly burnt to death, with the remainder of the Jewish population being expelled from the city. Until the end of the 18th century, Jews were forbidden to remain in town after 10 pm. The time to leave the city was signalled by a municipal herald blowing the Grüselhorn (see below, Museums, Musée historique);. A special tax, the Pflastergeld (pavement money), was furthermore to be paid for any horse that a Jew would ride or bring into the city while allowed to.

Question: In what year did Strasbourg declare itself a free republic?


Answer: 1348

Question: What year was the deadly bubonic plague in Strasbourg?


Answer: over a thousand

Question: How many Jews were burned to death in 1349?


Answer: 10 pm

Question: What time were the Jews forbidden to be in town after?


Answer: special tax

Question: What did the Jews need to pay to ride a horse into town?


Answer: Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck

Context: In the 1520s during the Protestant Reformation, the city, under the political guidance of Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck and the spiritual guidance of Martin Bucer embraced the religious teachings of Martin Luther. Their adherents established a Gymnasium, headed by Johannes Sturm, made into a University in the following century. The city first followed the Tetrapolitan Confession, and then the Augsburg Confession. Protestant iconoclasm caused much destruction to churches and cloisters, notwithstanding that Luther himself opposed such a practice. Strasbourg was a centre of humanist scholarship and early book-printing in the Holy Roman Empire, and its intellectual and political influence contributed much to the establishment of Protestantism as an accepted denomination in the southwest of Germany. (John Calvin spent several years as a political refugee in the city). The Strasbourg Councillor Sturm and guildmaster Matthias represented the city at the Imperial Diet of Speyer (1529), where their protest led to the schism of the Catholic Church and the evolution of Protestantism. Together with four other free cities, Strasbourg presented the confessio tetrapolitana as its Protestant book of faith at the Imperial Diet of Augsburg in 1530, where the slightly different Augsburg Confession was also handed over to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.

Question: Who was the political guide during the Protestant Reformation?


Answer: Martin Bucer

Question: Who was the spiritual guide during the Protestant Reformation?


Answer: John Calvin

Question: Who spent several years as a political refugee in the city?


Answer: four

Question: How many other cities joined Strasbourg at the Imperial Diet of Augsburg in 1530?


Answer: three

Context: Louis' advisors believed that, as long as Strasbourg remained independent, it would endanger the King's newly annexed territories in Alsace, and, that to defend these large rural lands effectively, a garrison had to be placed in towns such as Strasbourg. Indeed, the bridge over the Rhine at Strasbourg had been used repeatedly by Imperial (Holy Roman Empire) forces, and three times during the Franco-Dutch War Strasbourg had served as a gateway for Imperial invasions into Alsace. In September 1681 Louis' forces, though lacking a clear casus belli, surrounded the city with overwhelming force. After some negotiation, Louis marched into the city unopposed on 30 September 1681 and proclaimed its annexation.

Question: How many times was the Rhines bridge used during the Franco-Dutch War?


Answer: September 1681

Question: When did Louis surround the city with considerable force?


Answer: 30 September 1681

Question: When did Louis march into the city unopposed and proclaimed its annexation?


Answer: annexation

Context: This annexation was one of the direct causes of the brief and bloody War of the Reunions whose outcome left the French in possession. The French annexation was recognized by the Treaty of Ryswick (1697). The official policy of religious intolerance which drove most Protestants from France after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 was not applied in Strasbourg and in Alsace, because both had a special status as a province à l'instar de l'étranger effectif (a kind of foreign province of the king of France). Strasbourg Cathedral, however, was taken from the Lutherans to be returned to the Catholics as the French authorities tried to promote Catholicism wherever they could (some other historic churches remained in Protestant hands). Its language also remained overwhelmingly German: the German Lutheran university persisted until the French Revolution. Famous students included Goethe and Herder.

Question: What was one of the causes of the War of the Reunions?


Answer: 1697

Question: When was the French annexation recognized by the Treaty of Ryswick?


Answer: Strasbourg Cathedral

Question: What church was taken from the Lutherans and returned to the Catholics?


Answer: Goethe and Herder

Question: Who were the famous students that attended German Lutheran University?


Answer: French Revolution

Context: Strasbourg's status as a free city was revoked by the French Revolution. Enragés, most notoriously Eulogius Schneider, ruled the city with an increasingly iron hand. During this time, many churches and monasteries were either destroyed or severely damaged. The cathedral lost hundreds of its statues (later replaced by copies in the 19th century) and in April 1794, there was talk of tearing its spire down, on the grounds that it was against the principle of equality. The tower was saved, however, when in May of the same year citizens of Strasbourg crowned it with a giant tin Phrygian cap. This artifact was later kept in the historical collections of the city until it was destroyed by the Germans in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian war.

Question: What revoked Strasbourg's status as a free city?


Answer: Eulogius Schneider

Question: Who ruled the city with an iron hand?


Answer: statues

Question: What did the cathedrals lose in April 1794?


Answer: tin

Question: What was the giant Phrygian cap made out of?


Answer: Germans

Question: Who destroyed the Phrygian cap in 1870?


Answer: Prussian army

Context: During the Franco-Prussian War and the Siege of Strasbourg, the city was heavily bombarded by the Prussian army. The bombardment of the city was meant to break the morale of the people of Strasbourg. On 24 and 26 August 1870, the Museum of Fine Arts was destroyed by fire, as was the Municipal Library housed in the Gothic former Dominican church, with its unique collection of medieval manuscripts (most famously the Hortus deliciarum), rare Renaissance books, archeological finds and historical artifacts. The gothic cathedral was damaged as well as the medieval church of Temple Neuf, the theatre, the city hall, the court of justice and many houses. At the end of the siege 10,000 inhabitants were left without shelter; over 600 died, including 261 civilians, and 3200 were injured, including 1,100 civilians.

Question: Who bombarded the city of Strasbourg?


Answer: 24 and 26 August 1870

Question: What date was the Museum of Fine Arts destroyed by fire?


Answer: gothic

Question: What cathedral was damaged along with the medieval church of Temple Neuf?


Answer: 10,000

Question: How many inhabitants were left without shelter after the siege?


Answer: 261

Question: How many civilians died during the siege?


Answer: 1871

Context: In 1871, after the end of the war, the city was annexed to the newly established German Empire as part of the Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen under the terms of the Treaty of Frankfurt. As part of Imperial Germany, Strasbourg was rebuilt and developed on a grand and representative scale, such as the Neue Stadt, or "new city" around the present Place de la République. Historian Rodolphe Reuss and Art historian Wilhelm von Bode were in charge of rebuilding the municipal archives, libraries and museums. The University, founded in 1567 and suppressed during the French Revolution as a stronghold of German sentiment,[citation needed] was reopened in 1872 under the name Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität.

Question: In what year was the city annexed to the German Empire?


Answer: Treaty of Frankfurt

Question: What was the Treaty in 1871 called?


Answer: 1567

Question: What year was the university founded?


Answer: Rodolphe Reuss

Question: What Historian was in charge of rebuilding the municipal archives?


Answer: Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität

Question: What was the new name of the university when it reopened in 1872?


Answer: fortifications

Context: A belt of massive fortifications was established around the city, most of which still stands today, renamed after French generals and generally classified as Monuments historiques; most notably Fort Roon (now Fort Desaix) and Fort Podbielski (now Fort Ducrot) in Mundolsheim, Fort von Moltke (now Fort Rapp) in Reichstett, Fort Bismarck (now Fort Kléber) in Wolfisheim, Fort Kronprinz (now Fort Foch) in Niederhausbergen, Fort Kronprinz von Sachsen (now Fort Joffre) in Holtzheim and Fort Großherzog von Baden (now Fort Frère) in Oberhausbergen.

Question: What was established around the city?


Answer: Mundolsheim

Question: Where is Fort Podbielski located?


Answer: Wolfisheim

Question: Where is Fort Bismark located?


Answer: Holtzheim

Question: Where is for Kronprinz von Sachsen located?


Answer: Mundolsheim

Question: Where is Fort Roon Located?


Answer: World War I

Context: Following the defeat of the German empire in World War I and the abdication of the German Emperor, some revolutionary insurgents declared Alsace-Lorraine as an independent Republic, without preliminary referendum or vote. On 11 November 1918 (Armistice Day), communist insurgents proclaimed a "soviet government" in Strasbourg, following the example of Kurt Eisner in Munich as well as other German towns. French troops commanded by French general Henri Gouraud entered triumphantly in the city on 22 November. A major street of the city now bears the name of that date (Rue du 22 Novembre) which celebrates the entry of the French in the city. Viewing the massive cheering crowd gathered under the balcony of Strasbourg's town hall, French President Raymond Poincaré stated that "the plebiscite is done".

Question: In what war was the German Empire defeated?


Answer: independent

Question: What kind of Republic did some insurgents declare Alsace-Lorraine?


Answer: 11 November 1918

Question: What date was Strasbourg declared a soviet government by insurgents?


Answer: French general Henri Gouraud

Question: Who commanded the French troops on November 22?


Answer: Raymond Poincaré

Question: What French President said "the plebiscite is done"?


Answer: 1919

Context: In 1919, following the Treaty of Versailles, the city was restituted to France in accordance with U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" without a referendum. The date of the assignment was retroactively established on Armistice Day. It is doubtful whether a referendum in Strasbourg would have ended in France's favour since the political parties striving for an autonomous Alsace or a connection to France accounted only for a small proportion of votes in the last Reichstag as well as in the local elections. The Alsatian autonomists who were pro French had won many votes in the more rural parts of the region and other towns since the annexation of the region by Germany in 1871. The movement started with the first election for the Reichstag; those elected were called "les députés protestataires", and until the fall of Bismarck in 1890, they were the only deputies elected by the Alsatians to the German parliament demanding the return of those territories to France. At the last Reichstag election in Strasbourg and its periphery, the clear winners were the Social Democrats; the city was the administrative capital of the region, was inhabited by many Germans appointed by the central government in Berlin and its flourishing economy attracted many Germans. This could explain the difference between the rural vote and the one in Strasbourg. After the war, many Germans left Strasbourg and went back to Germany; some of them were denounced by the locals or expelled by the newly appointed authorities. The Saverne Affair was vivid in the memory among the Alsatians.

Question: What year was it restituted to France?


Answer: Alsatian

Question: What autonomists were pro French?


Answer: 1890

Question: In what year did Bismarck fall?


Answer: Social Democrats

Question: Who won the last election at Reichstag?


Answer: Alsatians

Question: Who had vivid memories of the Saverne Affair?


Answer: German

Context: Between the German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 and the Anglo-French declaration of War against the German Reich on 3 September 1939, the entire city (a total of 120,000 people) was evacuated, like other border towns as well. Until the arrival of the Wehrmacht troops mid-June 1940, the city was, for ten months, completely empty, with the exception of the garrisoned soldiers. The Jews of Strasbourg had been evacuated to Périgueux and Limoges, the University had been evacuated to Clermont-Ferrand.

Question: Who invaded Poland on 1 September 1939?


Answer: 120,000

Question: How many people were evacuated during the invasion?


Answer: Wehrmacht troops

Question: What troops arrived in mid-June 1940?


Answer: ten months

Question: How long was the city completely empty?


Answer: Clermont-Ferrand

Question: Where was the University evacuated?


Answer: 1940

Context: After the ceasefire following the Fall of France in June 1940, Alsace was annexed to Germany and a rigorous policy of Germanisation was imposed upon it by the Gauleiter Robert Heinrich Wagner. When, in July 1940, the first evacuees were allowed to return, only residents of Alsatian origin were admitted. The last Jews were deported on 15 July 1940 and the main synagogue, a huge Romanesque revival building that had been a major architectural landmark with its 54-metre-high dome since its completion in 1897, was set ablaze, then razed.

Question: In what year was the Fall of France?


Answer: Germany

Question: What country was Alsace annexed to?


Answer: Gauleiter Robert Heinrich Wagner

Question: Who imposed the rigorous policy of Germanisation?


Answer: July 1940

Question: When were the first evacuees allowed to return?


Answer: 54-metre

Question: How high was the dome at the Romanesque revival building?


Answer: Marcel Weinum

Context: In September 1940 the first Alsatian resistance movement led by Marcel Weinum called La main noire (The black hand) was created. It was composed by a group of 25 young men aged from 14 to 18 years old who led several attacks against the German occupation. The actions culminated with the attack of the Gauleiter Robert Wagner, the highest commander of Alsace directly under the order of Hitler. In March 1942, Marcel Weinum was prosecuted by the Gestapo and sentenced to be beheaded at the age of 18 in April 1942 in Stuttgart, Germany. His last words will be: "If I have to die, I shall die but with a pure heart". From 1943 the city was bombarded by Allied aircraft. While the First World War had not notably damaged the city, Anglo-American bombing caused extensive destruction in raids of which at least one was allegedly carried out by mistake. In August 1944, several buildings in the Old Town were damaged by bombs, particularly the Palais Rohan, the Old Customs House (Ancienne Douane) and the Cathedral. On 23 November 1944, the city was officially liberated by the 2nd French Armoured Division under General Leclerc. He achieved the oath that he made with his soldiers, after the decisive Capture of Kufra. With the Oath of Kuffra, they swore to keep up the fight until the French flag flew over the Cathedral of Strasbourg.

Question: Who led the first Alsatian resistance movement?


Answer: Gauleiter Robert Wagner

Question: Who was the highest commander that is under Hitler?


Answer: beheaded

Question: How was Marcel Weinum executed?


Answer: Allied aircraft

Question: What was the city attacked by in 1943?


Answer: 23 November 1944

Question: On what date was the city liberated?


Answer: Malgré-nous

Context: Many people from Strasbourg were incorporated in the German Army against their will, and were sent to the eastern front, those young men and women were called Malgré-nous. Many tried to escape from the incorporation, join the French Resistance, or desert the Wehrmacht but many couldn't because they were running the risk of having their families sent to work or concentration camps by the Germans. Many of these men, especially those who did not answer the call immediately, were pressured to "volunteer" for service with the SS, often by direct threats on their families. This threat obliged the majority of them to remain in the German army. After the war, the few that survived were often accused of being traitors or collaborationists, because this tough situation was not known in the rest of France, and they had to face the incomprehension of many. In July 1944, 1500 malgré-nous were released from Soviet captivity and sent to Algiers, where they joined the Free French Forces. Nowadays history recognizes the suffering of those people, and museums, public discussions and memorials have been built to commemorate this terrible period of history of this part of Eastern France (Alsace and Moselle). Liberation of Strasbourg took place on 23 November 1944.

Question: What were the men and women sent to the eastern front against their will called?


Answer: Germans

Question: Who sent deserters families to concentration camps?


Answer: Algiers

Question: Where were the freed soviet captives sent?


Answer: 23 November 1944

Question: When did the liberation of Strasbourg take place?


Answer: Council of Europe

Context: In 1949, the city was chosen to be the seat of the Council of Europe with its European Court of Human Rights and European Pharmacopoeia. Since 1952, the European Parliament has met in Strasbourg, which was formally designated its official 'seat' at the Edinburgh meeting of the European Council of EU heads of state and government in December 1992. (This position was reconfirmed and given treaty status in the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam). However, only the (four-day) plenary sessions of the Parliament are held in Strasbourg each month, with all other business being conducted in Brussels and Luxembourg. Those sessions take place in the Immeuble Louise Weiss, inaugurated in 1999, which houses the largest parliamentary assembly room in Europe and of any democratic institution in the world. Before that, the EP sessions had to take place in the main Council of Europe building, the Palace of Europe, whose unusual inner architecture had become a familiar sight to European TV audiences. In 1992, Strasbourg became the seat of the Franco-German TV channel and movie-production society Arte.

Question: What council was the city given a seat for in 1949?


Answer: 1952

Question: When did the European Parliament begin meeting in Strasbourg?


Answer: 1999

Question: When was Louise Weiss inaugurated?


Answer: Romanesque Église Saint-Étienne

Context: In addition to the cathedral, Strasbourg houses several other medieval churches that have survived the many wars and destructions that have plagued the city: the Romanesque Église Saint-Étienne, partly destroyed in 1944 by Allied bombing raids, the part Romanesque, part Gothic, very large Église Saint-Thomas with its Silbermann organ on which Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Albert Schweitzer played, the Gothic Église protestante Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune with its crypt dating back to the seventh century and its cloister partly from the eleventh century, the Gothic Église Saint-Guillaume with its fine early-Renaissance stained glass and furniture, the Gothic Église Saint-Jean, the part Gothic, part Art Nouveau Église Sainte-Madeleine, etc. The Neo-Gothic church Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux Catholique (there is also an adjacent church Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux Protestant) serves as a shrine for several 15th-century wood worked and painted altars coming from other, now destroyed churches and installed there for public display. Among the numerous secular medieval buildings, the monumental Ancienne Douane (old custom-house) stands out.

Question: What was partly destroyed by Allied bombings in 1944?


Answer: Silbermann organ

Question: What organ did Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart play on?


Answer: Église Saint-Thomas

Question: Where is the Silbermann organ located?


Answer: Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux Catholique

Question: What is the Neo-Gothic church called?


Answer: three

Context: The German Renaissance has bequeathed the city some noteworthy buildings (especially the current Chambre de commerce et d'industrie, former town hall, on Place Gutenberg), as did the French Baroque and Classicism with several hôtels particuliers (i.e. palaces), among which the Palais Rohan (1742, now housing three museums) is the most spectacular. Other buildings of its kind are the "Hôtel de Hanau" (1736, now the city hall), the Hôtel de Klinglin (1736, now residence of the préfet), the Hôtel des Deux-Ponts (1755, now residence of the military governor), the Hôtel d'Andlau-Klinglin (1725, now seat of the administration of the Port autonome de Strasbourg) etc. The largest baroque building of Strasbourg though is the 150 m (490 ft) long 1720s main building of the Hôpital civil. As for French Neo-classicism, it is the Opera House on Place Broglie that most prestigiously represents this style.

Question: How many museums does the Palais Rohan hold?


Answer: Hôtel de Hanau

Question: What did the city hall used to be known as?


Answer: Hôpital civil

Question: What is the largest baroque building in Strasbourg?


Answer: Hôtel des Deux-Ponts

Question: What did the military governors residence used to be called?


Answer: Place Broglie

Question: Where is the Opera House located?


Answer: eclecticist

Context: Strasbourg also offers high-class eclecticist buildings in its very extended German district, the Neustadt, being the main memory of Wilhelmian architecture since most of the major cities in Germany proper suffered intensive damage during World War II. Streets, boulevards and avenues are homogeneous, surprisingly high (up to seven stories) and broad examples of German urban lay-out and of this architectural style that summons and mixes up five centuries of European architecture as well as Neo-Egyptian, Neo-Greek and Neo-Babylonian styles. The former imperial palace Palais du Rhin, the most political and thus heavily criticized of all German Strasbourg buildings epitomizes the grand scale and stylistic sturdiness of this period. But the two most handsome and ornate buildings of these times are the École internationale des Pontonniers (the former Höhere Mädchenschule, girls college) with its towers, turrets and multiple round and square angles and the École des Arts décoratifs with its lavishly ornate façade of painted bricks, woodwork and majolica.

Question: What kind of high class building does Strasbourg offer?


Answer: World War II

Question: What war caused severe damage to Germany?


Answer: Palais du Rhin

Question: What was the former imperial palace called?


Answer: Höhere Mädchenschule

Question: What was the former girls college called?


Answer: seven stories

Question: How high were some of the buildings in urban Germany?


Answer: Villa Schutzenberger

Context: As for modern and contemporary architecture, Strasbourg possesses some fine Art Nouveau buildings (such as the huge Palais des Fêtes and houses and villas like Villa Schutzenberger and Hôtel Brion), good examples of post-World War II functional architecture (the Cité Rotterdam, for which Le Corbusier did not succeed in the architectural contest) and, in the very extended Quartier Européen, some spectacular administrative buildings of sometimes utterly large size, among which the European Court of Human Rights building by Richard Rogers is arguably the finest. Other noticeable contemporary buildings are the new Music school Cité de la Musique et de la Danse, the Musée d'Art moderne et contemporain and the Hôtel du Département facing it, as well as, in the outskirts, the tramway-station Hoenheim-Nord designed by Zaha Hadid.

Question: What is the fine Art Nouveau villa called?


Answer: Le Corbusier

Question: Who lost the architectural contest?


Answer: Richard Rogers

Question: Who built the European Court of Human Rights building?


Answer: Hoenheim-Nord

Question: What did Zaha Hadid design?


Answer: European Court of Human Rights

Question: What is considered to be the finest building?


Answer: André le Nôtre

Context: Strasbourg features a number of prominent parks, of which several are of cultural and historical interest: the Parc de l'Orangerie, laid out as a French garden by André le Nôtre and remodeled as an English garden on behalf of Joséphine de Beauharnais, now displaying noteworthy French gardens, a neo-classical castle and a small zoo; the Parc de la Citadelle, built around impressive remains of the 17th-century fortress erected close to the Rhine by Vauban; the Parc de Pourtalès, laid out in English style around a baroque castle (heavily restored in the 19th century) that now houses a small three-star hotel, and featuring an open-air museum of international contemporary sculpture. The Jardin botanique de l'Université de Strasbourg (botanical garden) was created under the German administration next to the Observatory of Strasbourg, built in 1881, and still owns some greenhouses of those times. The Parc des Contades, although the oldest park of the city, was completely remodeled after World War II. The futuristic Parc des Poteries is an example of European park-conception in the late 1990s. The Jardin des deux Rives, spread over Strasbourg and Kehl on both sides of the Rhine opened in 2004 and is the most extended (60-hectare) park of the agglomeration. The most recent park is Parc du Heyritz (8,7 ha), opened in 2014 along a canal facing the hôpital civil.

Question: Who designed the Parc de l'Orangerie?


Answer: Parc de l'Orangerie

Question: What park has a small zoo in it?


Answer: Parc de la Citadelle

Question: What park is built close to the Rhine by Vauban?


Answer: 1881

Question: What year was the Observatory of Strasbourg built?


Answer: Parc des Contades

Question: What is the oldest park in the city?


Answer: Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame

Context: Unlike most other cities, Strasbourg's collections of European art are divided into several museums according not only to type and area, but also to epoch. Old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories and until 1681 are displayed in the Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame, old master paintings from all the rest of Europe (including the Dutch Rhenish territories) and until 1871 as well as old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories between 1681 and 1871 are displayed in the Musée des Beaux-Arts. Old master graphic arts until 1871 is displayed in the Cabinet des estampes et dessins. Decorative arts until 1681 ("German period") are displayed in the Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame, decorative arts from 1681 to 1871 ("French period") are displayed in the Musée des Arts décoratifs. International art (painting, sculpture, graphic arts) and decorative art since 1871 is displayed in the Musée d'art moderne et contemporain. The latter museum also displays the city's photographic library.

Question: Where are old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories until 1681 held?


Answer: Cabinet des estampes et dessins

Question: Where are old master graphic arts until 1871 displayed?


Answer: Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame

Question: Where are decorative arts until 1681 displayed?


Answer: Musée d'art moderne et contemporain

Question: Where is the city's photographic library?


Answer: Musée d'art moderne et contemporain

Question: Where is the international art since 1871 displayed?


Answer: centre of humanism

Context: Strasbourg, well known as centre of humanism, has a long history of excellence in higher-education, at the crossroads of French and German intellectual traditions. Although Strasbourg had been annexed by the Kingdom of France in 1683, it still remained connected to the German-speaking intellectual world throughout the 18th century and the university attracted numerous students from the Holy Roman Empire, including Goethe, Metternich and Montgelas, who studied law in Strasbourg, among the most prominent. Nowadays, Strasbourg is known to offer among the best university courses in France, after Paris.

Question: What is Strasbourg known as?


Answer: 1683

Question: When was Strasbourg annexed by the Kingdom of France?


Answer: law

Question: What did Montgelas study?


Answer: Holy Roman Empire

Question: From what empire did students come from to attend university?


Answer: Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire

Context: The Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire (BNU) is, with its collection of more than 3,000,000 titles, the second largest library in France after the Bibliothèque nationale de France. It was founded by the German administration after the complete destruction of the previous municipal library in 1871 and holds the unique status of being simultaneously a students' and a national library. The Strasbourg municipal library had been marked erroneously as "City Hall" in a French commercial map, which had been captured and used by the German artillery to lay their guns. A librarian from Munich later pointed out "...that the destruction of the precious collection was not the fault of a German artillery officer, who used the French map, but of the slovenly and inaccurate scholarship of a Frenchman."

Question: What is the second largest library in France?


Answer: 3,000,000

Question: How many titles does the library have?


Answer: German administration

Question: Who founded the library?


Answer: 1871

Question: When was the previous library destroyed?


Answer: City Hall

Question: What was the library marked as on the map?


Answer: documents printed before 1500

Context: As one of the earliest centers of book-printing in Europe (see above: History), Strasbourg for a long time held a large number of incunabula—documents printed before 1500—in her library as one of her most precious heritages. After the total destruction of this institution in 1870, however, a new collection had to be reassembled from scratch. Today, Strasbourg's different public and institutional libraries again display a sizable total number of incunabula, distributed as follows: Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire, ca. 2 098 Médiathèque de la ville et de la communauté urbaine de Strasbourg, 394 Bibliothèque du Grand Séminaire, 238 Médiathèque protestante, 94 and Bibliothèque alsatique du Crédit Mutuel, 5.

Question: What are incunabula's?


Answer: 1870

Question: When was the library destroyed?


Answer: public and institutional libraries

Question: What kind of building holds incunabula's today?


Answer: 1994

Context: City transportation in Strasbourg includes the futurist-looking Strasbourg tramway that opened in 1994 and is operated by the regional transit company Compagnie des Transports Strasbourgeois (CTS), consisting of 6 lines with a total length of 55.8 km (34.7 mi). The CTS also operates a comprehensive bus network throughout the city that is integrated with the trams. With more than 500 km (311 mi) of bicycle paths, biking in the city is convenient and the CTS operates a cheap bike-sharing scheme named Vélhop'. The CTS, and its predecessors, also operated a previous generation of tram system between 1878 and 1960, complemented by trolleybus routes between 1939 and 1962.

Question: What year did the Strasbourg tramway open?


Answer: regional transit company Compagnie des Transports Strasbourgeois

Question: Who operates the Strasbourg tramway?


Answer: 6

Question: How many lines does the Strasbourg tramway have?


Answer: 55.8 km

Question: What is the length of the Strasbourg tramway in total?


Answer: 500 km

Question: How far do bike paths stretch in Strasbourg?


Answer: 1682

Context: Being a city on the Ill and close to the Rhine, Strasbourg has always been an important centre of fluvial navigation, as is attested by archeological findings. In 1682 the Canal de la Bruche was added to the river navigations, initially to provide transport for sandstone from quarries in the Vosges for use in the fortification of the city. That canal has since closed, but the subsequent Canal du Rhone au Rhine, Canal de la Marne au Rhin and Grand Canal d'Alsace are still in use, as is the important activity of the Port autonome de Strasbourg. Water tourism inside the city proper attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists yearly.

Question: What year was the Canal de la Bruche added?


Answer: Water tourism

Question: What kind of tourism attracts tourists yearly?


Answer: Rhine

Question: What river is Strasbourg by?


Answer: tram

Context: The tram system that now criss-crosses the historic city centre complements walking and biking in it. The centre has been transformed into a pedestrian priority zone that enables and invites walking and biking by making these active modes of transport comfortable, safe and enjoyable. These attributes are accomplished by applying the principle of "filtered permeability" to the existing irregular network of streets. It means that the network adaptations favour active transportation and, selectively, "filter out" the car by reducing the number of streets that run through the centre. While certain streets are discontinuous for cars, they connect to a network of pedestrian and bike paths which permeate the entire centre. In addition, these paths go through public squares and open spaces increasing the enjoyment of the trip. This logic of filtering a mode of transport is fully expressed in a comprehensive model for laying out neighbourhoods and districts – the Fused Grid.

Question: What system also complements walking and biking?


Answer: pedestrian

Question: What kind of priority zone has the city centre been transformed into?


Answer: public squares

Question: What do bike paths go through to add enjoyment to the trip?


Answer: Fused Grid

Question: What is the layout of the neighbourhoods called?


Answer: A35 autoroute

Context: At present the A35 autoroute, which parallels the Rhine between Karlsruhe and Basel, and the A4 autoroute, which links Paris with Strasbourg, penetrate close to the centre of the city. The Grand contournement ouest (GCO) project, programmed since 1999, plans to construct a 24 km (15 mi) long highway connection between the junctions of the A4 and the A35 autoroutes in the north and of the A35 and A352 autoroutes in the south. This routes well to the west of the city and is meant to divest a significant portion of motorized traffic from the unité urbaine.

Question: What route parallels the Rhine?


Answer: 1999

Question: What year did the Grand contournement ouest project open?


Answer: 24 km

Question: How far is the connection between junctions A4 and the A35?


Answer: unité urbaine

Question: The traffic coming west of the city is from where?


Answer: Asgaya gigageyi

Context: Oklahoma i/ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/ (Cherokee: Asgaya gigageyi / ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎩᎦᎨᏱ; or translated ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ (òɡàlàhoma), Pawnee: Uukuhuúwa, Cayuga: Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state located in the South Central United States. Oklahoma is the 20th most extensive and the 28th most populous of the 50 United States. The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning "red people". It is also known informally by its nickname, The Sooner State, in reference to the non-Native settlers who staked their claims on the choicest pieces of land before the official opening date, and the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889, which opened the door for white settlement in America's Indian Territory. The name was settled upon statehood, Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged and Indian was dropped from the name. On November 16, 1907, Oklahoma became the 46th state to enter the union. Its residents are known as Oklahomans, or informally "Okies", and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City.

Question: What is the Cherokee name for Oklahoma?


Answer: Uukuhuúwa

Question: What is the Pawnee name for Oklahoma?


Answer: Gahnawiyoˀgeh

Question: What is the Cayuga name for Oklahoma?


Answer: 28th

Question: Where does Oklahoma rank by population?


Answer: The Sooner State

Question: What is Oklahoma's nickname?


Answer: Choctaw

Context: The name Oklahoma comes from the Choctaw phrase okla humma, literally meaning red people. Choctaw Chief Allen Wright suggested the name in 1866 during treaty negotiations with the federal government regarding the use of Indian Territory, in which he envisioned an all-Indian state controlled by the United States Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Equivalent to the English word Indian, okla humma was a phrase in the Choctaw language used to describe Native American people as a whole. Oklahoma later became the de facto name for Oklahoma Territory, and it was officially approved in 1890, two years after the area was opened to white settlers.

Question: What language does the name Oklahoma come from?


Answer: red people

Question: What does Oklahoma mean?


Answer: 1866

Question: When was the name Oklahoma suggested?


Answer: Choctaw Chief Allen Wright

Question: Who suggested the name Oklahoma?


Answer: 1890

Question: When was the name Oklahoma made official?


Answer: 20th

Context: Oklahoma is the 20th largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,898 square miles (181,035 km2), with 68,667 square miles (177847 km2) of land and 1,281 square miles (3,188 km2) of water. It is one of six states on the Frontier Strip and lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. It is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south and near-west by Texas.

Question: Where does Oklahoma rank by land area?


Answer: 69,898

Question: How many square miles is Oklahoma?


Answer: 1,281

Question: How many square miles of water is in Oklahoma?


Answer: six

Question: How many states are on the Frontier Strip?


Answer: Kansas

Question: Which state is north of Oklahoma?


Answer: 2.1 to 2.2 miles

Context: The western edge of the Oklahoma panhandle is out of alignment with its Texas border. The Oklahoma/New Mexico border is actually 2.1 to 2.2 miles east of the Texas line. The border between Texas and New Mexico was set first as a result of a survey by Spain in 1819. It was then set along the 103rd Meridian. In the 1890s, when Oklahoma was formally surveyed using more accurate surveying equipment and techniques, it was discovered that the Texas line was not set along the 103rd Meridian. Surveying techniques were not as accurate in 1819, and the actual 103rd Meridian was approximately 2.2 miles to the east. It was much easier to leave the mistake as it was than for Texas to cede land to New Mexico to correct the original surveying error. The placement of the Oklahoma/New Mexico border represents the true 103rd Meridian.

Question: How far out of alignment is Oklahoma's western edge from Texas's border?


Answer: 1819

Question: When was the border between TX and NM first determined?


Answer: 1890s

Question: When was Oklahoma's border determined?


Answer: the 103rd Meridian

Question: Where is the NM border of both Oklahoma and Texas supposed to line up with?


Answer: Oklahoma/New Mexico border

Question: Which one is more accurately placed, the TX/NM border or the OK/NM border?


Answer: Ozark Plateau

Context: Oklahoma is between the Great Plains and the Ozark Plateau in the Gulf of Mexico watershed, generally sloping from the high plains of its western boundary to the low wetlands of its southeastern boundary. Its highest and lowest points follow this trend, with its highest peak, Black Mesa, at 4,973 feet (1,516 m) above sea level, situated near its far northwest corner in the Oklahoma Panhandle. The state's lowest point is on the Little River near its far southeastern boundary near the town of Idabel, OK, which dips to 289 feet (88 m) above sea level.

Question: What plateau is Oklahoma near?


Answer: Gulf of Mexico

Question: What watershed is Oklahoma in?


Answer: Black Mesa

Question: What is Oklahoma's tallest mountain?


Answer: 4,973

Question: How many feet above sea level is Oklahoma's highest point?


Answer: 289

Question: How many feet above sea level is Oklahoma's lowest point?


Answer: four

Context: Oklahoma has four primary mountain ranges: the Ouachita Mountains, the Arbuckle Mountains, the Wichita Mountains, and the Ozark Mountains. Contained within the U.S. Interior Highlands region, the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains mark the only major mountainous region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians. A portion of the Flint Hills stretches into north-central Oklahoma, and near the state's eastern border, Cavanal Hill is regarded by the Oklahoma Tourism & Recreation Department as the world's tallest hill; at 1,999 feet (609 m), it fails their definition of a mountain by one foot.

Question: How many major mountain ranges are in Oklahoma?


Answer: the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains

Question: Which of Oklahoma's mountain ranges are in the US Interior Highlands?


Answer: north-central

Question: What part of Oklahoma does the Flint Hills reach into?


Answer: Cavanal Hill

Question: What is the world's tallest hill?


Answer: 1,999 feet

Question: How high is Cavanal Hill?


Answer: Glass Mountains

Context: The semi-arid high plains in the state's northwestern corner harbor few natural forests; the region has a rolling to flat landscape with intermittent canyons and mesa ranges like the Glass Mountains. Partial plains interrupted by small, sky island mountain ranges like the Antelope Hills and the Wichita Mountains dot southwestern Oklahoma; transitional prairie and oak savannahs cover the central portion of the state. The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains rise from west to east over the state's eastern third, gradually increasing in elevation in an eastward direction.

Question: What is an example of a mesa range?


Answer: southwestern

Question: What part of Oklahoma is the Antelope Hills in?


Answer: central

Question: What part of Oklahoma has oak savannahs?


Answer: The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains

Question: What mountains are in Oklahoma's eastern third?


Answer: eastward

Question: In which direction do the Ozark mountains get higher?


Answer: 24 percent

Context: Forests cover 24 percent of Oklahoma and prairie grasslands composed of shortgrass, mixed-grass, and tallgrass prairie, harbor expansive ecosystems in the state's central and western portions, although cropland has largely replaced native grasses. Where rainfall is sparse in the western regions of the state, shortgrass prairie and shrublands are the most prominent ecosystems, though pinyon pines, red cedar (junipers), and ponderosa pines grow near rivers and creek beds in the far western reaches of the panhandle. Southwestern Oklahoma contains many rare, disjunct species including sugar maple, bigtooth maple, nolina and southern live oak.

Question: How much of Oklahoma is covered in forests?


Answer: shortgrass, mixed-grass, and tallgrass prairie

Question: What types of prairie grasslands does Oklahoma have?


Answer: western

Question: What part of Oklahoma has low rainfall?


Answer: pinyon pines, red cedar (junipers), and ponderosa pines

Question: What types of trees grow near rivers in western Oklahoma?


Answer: sugar maple, bigtooth maple

Question: What rare types of maples grow in southwest Oklahoma?


Answer: quail, doves, cardinals, bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and pheasants

Context: The state holds populations of white-tailed deer, mule deer, antelope, coyotes, mountain lions, bobcats, elk, and birds such as quail, doves, cardinals, bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and pheasants. In prairie ecosystems, American bison, greater prairie chickens, badgers, and armadillo are common, and some of the nation's largest prairie dog towns inhabit shortgrass prairie in the state's panhandle. The Cross Timbers, a region transitioning from prairie to woodlands in Central Oklahoma, harbors 351 vertebrate species. The Ouachita Mountains are home to black bear, red fox, grey fox, and river otter populations, which coexist with a total of 328 vertebrate species in southeastern Oklahoma. Also, in southeastern Oklahoma lives the American alligator.

Question: What types of birds does Oklahoma have a lot of?


Answer: white-tailed deer, mule deer

Question: What types of deer does Oklahoma have a lot of?


Answer: prairie dog

Question: What does Oklahoma have the country's largest towns of?


Answer: Central

Question: What part of Oklahoma is Cross Timbers in?


Answer: southeastern

Question: What part of Oklahoma does the American alligator live in?


Answer: 39,000 acres

Context: With 39,000 acres (158 km2), the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in north-central Oklahoma is the largest protected area of tallgrass prairie in the world and is part of an ecosystem that encompasses only 10 percent of its former land area, once covering 14 states. In addition, the Black Kettle National Grassland covers 31,300 acres (127 km2) of prairie in southwestern Oklahoma. The Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge is the oldest and largest of nine national wildlife refuges in the state and was founded in 1901, encompassing 59,020 acres (238.8 km2).

Question: How large is the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve?


Answer: north-central

Question: What part of Oklahoma is the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in?


Answer: the world

Question: The Tallgrass Prairie Preserve is the largest protected tallgrass prairie in what area?


Answer: 14

Question: How many states were originally covered by the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve?


Answer: nine

Question: How many national wildlife refuges are in Oklahoma?


Answer: humid subtropical

Context: Oklahoma is located in a humid subtropical region. Oklahoma lies in a transition zone between humid continental climate to the north, semi-arid climate to the west, and humid subtropical climate in the central, south and eastern portions of the state. Most of the state lies in an area known as Tornado Alley characterized by frequent interaction between cold, dry air from Canada, warm to hot, dry air from Mexico and the Southwestern U.S., and warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico. The interactions between these three contrasting air currents produces severe weather (severe thunderstorms, damaging thunderstorm winds, large hail and tornadoes) with a frequency virtually unseen anywhere else on planet Earth. An average 62 tornadoes strike the state per year—one of the highest rates in the world.

Question: What is Oklahoma's main climate region?


Answer: Tornado Alley

Question: What natural-disaster-based nickname does Oklahoma's region have?


Answer: average 62

Question: How many tornadoes hit Oklahoma each year?


Answer: severe thunderstorms, damaging thunderstorm winds, large hail and tornadoes

Question: What types of severe weather does Oklahoma get?


Answer: Mexico

Question: Where does Oklahoma receive hot dry air from?


Answer: 83 °F

Context: Because of Oklahoma's position between zones of differing prevailing temperature and winds, weather patterns within the state can vary widely over relatively short distances and can change drastically in a short time. As an example, on November 11, 1911, the temperature at Oklahoma City reached 83 °F (28 °C) in the afternoon (the record high for that date), then an Arctic cold front of unprecedented intensity slammed across the state, causing the temperature to crash 66 degrees, down to 17 °F (−8 °C) at midnight (the record low for that date); thus, both the record high and record low for November 11 were set on the same date. This type of phenomenon is also responsible for many of the tornadoes in the area, such as the 1912 Oklahoma tornado outbreak, when a warm front traveled along a stalled cold front, resulting in an average of about one tornado per hour over the course of a day.

Question: What is Oklahoma's record high temperature for Nov 11?


Answer: 17 °F

Question: What is Oklahoma's record low temperature for Nov 11?


Answer: an Arctic cold front

Question: What caused Oklahoma's temperature to plummet 66 degrees on Nov 11, 1911?


Answer: one tornado per hour

Question: How fast did the 1912 tornado outbreak make tornadoes?


Answer: a day

Question: How long did the 1912 tornado outbreak last?


Answer: central, southern and eastern

Context: The humid subtropical climate (Koppen Cfa) of central, southern and eastern Oklahoma is influenced heavily by southerly winds bringing moisture from the Gulf of Mexico. Traveling westward, the climate transitions progressively toward a semi-arid zone (Koppen BSk) in the high plains of the Panhandle and other western areas from about Lawton westward, less frequently touched by southern moisture. Precipitation and temperatures decline from east to west accordingly, with areas in the southeast averaging an annual temperature of 62 °F (17 °C) and an annual rainfall of generally over 40 inches (1,020 mm) and up to 56 inches (1,420 mm), while areas of the (higher-elevation) panhandle average 58 °F (14 °C), with an annual rainfall under 17 inches (430 mm).

Question: What parts of Oklahoma are in a humid subtropical climate?


Answer: Gulf of Mexico

Question: Where do Oklahoma's winds bring moisture from?


Answer: semi-arid

Question: What is Oklahoma's western climate type?


Answer: Lawton

Question: Where in Oklahoma does the semi-arid zone begin?


Answer: 62 °F

Question: What is the average annual temperature in southeast Oklahoma?


Answer: winter

Context: Over almost all of Oklahoma, winter is the driest season. Average monthly precipitation increases dramatically in the spring to a peak in May, the wettest month over most of the state, with its frequent and not uncommonly severe thunderstorm activity. Early June can still be wet, but most years see a marked decrease in rainfall during June and early July. Mid-summer (July and August) represents a secondary dry season over much of Oklahoma, with long stretches of hot weather with only sporadic thunderstorm activity not uncommon many years. Severe drought is common in the hottest summers, such as those of 1934, 1954, 1980 and 2011, all of which featured weeks on end of virtual rainlessness and high temperatures well over 100 °F (38 °C). Average precipitation rises again from September to mid-October, representing a secondary wetter season, then declines from late October through December.

Question: Which season is the most dry in Oklahoma?


Answer: May

Question: When does Oklahoma get the most rain?


Answer: Mid-summer

Question: When is the second-driest season in Oklahoma?


Answer: 1934, 1954, 1980 and 2011

Question: What years were Oklahoma's hottest summers?


Answer: well over 100 °F

Question: How hot were Oklahoma's hottest summers?


Answer: south-central and southeastern

Context: All of the state frequently experiences temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) or below 0 °F (−18 °C), though below-zero temperatures are rare in south-central and southeastern Oklahoma. Snowfall ranges from an average of less than 4 inches (10 cm) in the south to just over 20 inches (51 cm) on the border of Colorado in the panhandle. The state is home to the Storm Prediction Center, the National Severe Storms Laboratory, and the Warning Decision Training Branch, all part of the National Weather Service and located in Norman. Oklahoma's highest recorded temperature of 120 °F (49 °C) was recorded at Tipton on June 27, 1994 and the lowest recorded temperature of −31 °F (−35 °C) was recorded at Nowata on February 10, 2011.

Question: What parts of Oklahoma rarely see below-zero temperatures?


Answer: less than 4 inches

Question: What is the average snowfall in southern Oklahoma?


Answer: over 20 inches

Question: What is the average snowfall in Oklahoma near the Colorado border?


Answer: Norman

Question: Where is the Storm Prediction Center located?


Answer: 120 °F

Question: What was Oklahoma's record high temperature?


Answer: Wichita and Caddo

Context: Evidence exists that native peoples traveled through Oklahoma as early as the last ice age. Ancestors of the Wichita and Caddo lived in what is now Oklahoma. The Panhandle culture peoples were precontact residents of the panhandle region. The westernmost center of the Mississippian culture was Spiro Mounds, in what is now Spiro, Oklahoma, which flourished between AD 850 and 1450. Spaniard Francisco Vásquez de Coronado traveled through the state in 1541, but French explorers claimed the area in the 1700s and it remained under French rule until 1803, when all the French territory west of the Mississippi River was purchased by the United States in the Louisiana Purchase.

Question: Ancestors of which tribes lived in Oklahoma?


Answer: Spiro Mounds

Question: What was Spiro, Oklahoma named for?


Answer: between AD 850 and 1450

Question: When did Spiro Mounds flourish?


Answer: Francisco Vásquez de Coronado

Question: What Spanish explorer visited Oklahoma in 1541?


Answer: 1803

Question: When did France sell Oklahoma's land to the US?


Answer: Tulsa

Context: The new state became a focal point for the emerging oil industry, as discoveries of oil pools prompted towns to grow rapidly in population and wealth. Tulsa eventually became known as the "Oil Capital of the World" for most of the 20th century and oil investments fueled much of the state's early economy. In 1927, Oklahoman businessman Cyrus Avery, known as the "Father of Route 66", began the campaign to create U.S. Route 66. Using a stretch of highway from Amarillo, Texas to Tulsa, Oklahoma to form the original portion of Highway 66, Avery spearheaded the creation of the U.S. Highway 66 Association to oversee the planning of Route 66, based in his hometown of Tulsa.

Question: What was the "Oil Capital of the World"?


Answer: oil

Question: What type of investments were important in early Oklahoma?


Answer: Cyrus Avery

Question: Who was the "Father of Route 66"?


Answer: Tulsa

Question: Where was the Highway 66 Association based?


Answer: 1927

Question: When did Route 66 begin?


Answer: 1930s

Context: During the 1930s, parts of the state began suffering the consequences of poor farming practices, extended drought and high winds. Known as the Dust Bowl, areas of Kansas, Texas, New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma were hampered by long periods of little rainfall and abnormally high temperatures, sending thousands of farmers into poverty and forcing them to relocate to more fertile areas of the western United States. Over a twenty-year period ending in 1950, the state saw its only historical decline in population, dropping 6.9 percent as impoverished families migrated out of the state after the Dust Bowl.

Question: When did the Dust Bowl begin?


Answer: poor farming practices

Question: What mistake led to the Dust Bowl?


Answer: Kansas, Texas, New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma

Question: What states were affected by the Dust Bowl?


Answer: thousands

Question: How many farmers had to relocate because of the Dust Bowl?


Answer: 6.9 percent

Question: How much did Oklahoma's population decline from 1930 to 1950?


Answer: April 19, 1995

Context: In 1995, Oklahoma City was the site of one of the most destructive acts of domestic terrorism in American history. The Oklahoma City bombing of April 19, 1995, in which Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols detonated an explosive outside of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, killed 168 people, including 19 children. The two men were convicted of the bombing: McVeigh was sentenced to death and executed by the federal government on June 11, 2001; his partner Nichols is serving a sentence of life in prison without the possibility of parole. McVeigh's army buddy, Michael Fortier, was sentenced to 12 years in federal prison and ordered to pay a $75,000 fine for his role in the bombing plot (i.e. assisting in the sale of guns to raise funds for the bombing, and examining the Murrah Federal building as a possible target before the terrorist attack). His wife, Lori Fortier, who has since died, was granted immunity from prosecution in return for her testimony in the case.

Question: When was the Oklahoma City Bombing?


Answer: Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols

Question: Who committed the Oklahoma City Bombing?


Answer: 168

Question: How many people died in the Oklahoma City Bombing?


Answer: 19

Question: How many children died in the Oklahoma City Bombing?


Answer: June 11, 2001

Question: When was McVeigh executed?


Answer: 2010

Context: The English language has been official in the state of Oklahoma since 2010. The variety of North American English spoken is called Oklahoma English, and this dialect is quite diverse with its uneven blending of features of North Midland, South Midland, and Southern dialects. In 2000, 2,977,187 Oklahomans—92.6% of the resident population five years or older—spoke only English at home, a decrease from 95% in 1990. 238,732 Oklahoma residents reported speaking a language other than English in the 2000 census, about 7.4% of the total population of the state. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language in the state, with 141,060 speakers counted in 2000. The next most commonly spoken language is Cherokee, with about 22,000 speakers living within the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area of eastern Oklahoma. Cherokee is an official language in the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area and in the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians.

Question: When did Oklahoma declare an official language?


Answer: 2,977,187

Question: How many Oklahomans speak only English at home, as of 2000?


Answer: 92.6%

Question: What percent of Oklahomans speak only English at home, as of 2000?


Answer: Spanish

Question: What is the second-most-prevalent language in Oklahoma?


Answer: Cherokee

Question: What is the third-most-prevalent language in Oklahoma?


Answer: German

Context: German is the fourth most commonly used language, with 13,444 speakers representing about 0.4% of the total state population. Fifth is Vietnamese, spoken by 11,330 people, or about 0.4% of the population, many of whom live in the Asia District of Oklahoma City. Other languages include French with 8,258 speakers (0.3%), Chinese with 6,413 (0.2%), Korean with 3,948 (0.1%), Arabic with 3,265 (0.1%), other Asian languages with 3,134 (0.1%), Tagalog with 2,888 (0.1%), Japanese with 2,546 (0.1%), and African languages with 2,546 (0.1%). In addition to Cherokee, more than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma, second only to California (though, it should be noted that only Cherokee exhibits language vitality at present).

Question: What is Oklahoma's fourth most popular language?


Answer: 13,444

Question: How many Oklahomans speak German?


Answer: more than 25

Question: How many Native American languages are used in Oklahoma?


Answer: Vietnamese

Question: What is Oklahoma's fifth most popular language?


Answer: 11,330

Question: How many Oklahomans speak Vietnamese?


Answer: the "Bible Belt"

Context: Oklahoma is part of a geographical region characterized by conservative and Evangelical Christianity known as the "Bible Belt". Spanning the southern and eastern parts of the United States, the area is known for politically and socially conservative views, even though Oklahoma has more voters registered with the Democratic Party than with any other party. Tulsa, the state's second largest city, home to Oral Roberts University, is sometimes called the "buckle of the Bible Belt". According to the Pew Research Center, the majority of Oklahoma's religious adherents – 85 percent – are Christian, accounting for about 80 percent of the population. The percentage of Oklahomans affiliated with Catholicism is half of the national average, while the percentage affiliated with Evangelical Protestantism is more than twice the national average – tied with Arkansas for the largest percentage of any state.

Question: What is the conservative Evangelical Christian region called?


Answer: southern and eastern

Question: What parts of the US are covered by the 'Bible Belt'?


Answer: Democratic

Question: What political party has the most members in Oklahoma?


Answer: Tulsa

Question: What is Oklahoma's 2nd-largest city?


Answer: 80 percent

Question: How much of Oklahoma's population is Christian?


Answer: third

Context: Oklahoma is host to a diverse range of sectors including aviation, energy, transportation equipment, food processing, electronics, and telecommunications. Oklahoma is an important producer of natural gas, aircraft, and food. The state ranks third in the nation for production of natural gas, is the 27th-most agriculturally productive state, and also ranks 5th in production of wheat. Four Fortune 500 companies and six Fortune 1000 companies are headquartered in Oklahoma, and it has been rated one of the most business-friendly states in the nation, with the 7th-lowest tax burden in 2007.

Question: How does Oklahoma rank among US states for producing natural gas?


Answer: 27th

Question: How does Oklahoma rank among US states for agriculture?


Answer: 5th

Question: How does Oklahoma rank among US states for producing wheat?


Answer: Four

Question: How many Fortune 500 companies are based in Oklahoma?


Answer: six

Question: How many Fortune 1000 companies are based in Oklahoma?


Answer: fifth

Context: Oklahoma is the nation's third-largest producer of natural gas, fifth-largest producer of crude oil, and has the second-greatest number of active drilling rigs, and ranks fifth in crude oil reserves. While the state ranked eighth for installed wind energy capacity in 2011, it is at the bottom of states in usage of renewable energy, with 94 percent of its electricity being generated by non-renewable sources in 2009, including 25 percent from coal and 46 percent from natural gas. Oklahoma has no nuclear power. Ranking 13th for total energy consumption per capita in 2009, Oklahoma's energy costs were 8th lowest in the nation.

Question: What is Oklahoma's rank among states producing crude oil?


Answer: second

Question: What is Oklahoma's rank among states by active drilling rigs?


Answer: fifth

Question: How does Oklahoma's crude oil reserves rank among states?


Answer: 94 percent

Question: How much of Oklahoma's electricity comes from non-renewable sources?


Answer: 25 percent

Question: How much of Oklahoma's electricity comes from coal?


Answer: Devon Energy Corporation, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, and SandRidge Energy Corporation

Context: According to Forbes magazine, Oklahoma City-based Devon Energy Corporation, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, and SandRidge Energy Corporation are the largest private oil-related companies in the nation, and all of Oklahoma's Fortune 500 companies are energy-related. Tulsa's ONEOK and Williams Companies are the state's largest and second-largest companies respectively, also ranking as the nation's second and third-largest companies in the field of energy, according to Fortune magazine. The magazine also placed Devon Energy as the second-largest company in the mining and crude oil-producing industry in the nation, while Chesapeake Energy ranks seventh respectively in that sector and Oklahoma Gas & Electric ranks as the 25th-largest gas and electric utility company.

Question: Which largest private oil companies are based in Oklahoma City?


Answer: energy

Question: What industry are all of the Oklahoma-based Fortune 500 companies in?


Answer: ONEOK

Question: What is the largest company in Oklahoma?


Answer: Williams Companies

Question: What is the 2nd-largest company in Oklahoma?


Answer: Tulsa

Question: Where is ONEOK based?


Answer: five

Context: The state has a rich history in ballet with five Native American ballerinas attaining worldwide fame. These were Yvonne Chouteau, sisters Marjorie and Maria Tallchief, Rosella Hightower and Moscelyne Larkin, known collectively as the Five Moons. The New York Times rates the Tulsa Ballet as one of the top ballet companies in the United States. The Oklahoma City Ballet and University of Oklahoma's dance program were formed by ballerina Yvonne Chouteau and husband Miguel Terekhov. The University program was founded in 1962 and was the first fully accredited program of its kind in the United States.

Question: How many famous Native American ballerinas came from Oklahoma?


Answer: the Five Moons

Question: What are Oklahoma's Native American ballerinas called?


Answer: Yvonne Chouteau

Question: What ballerina started the Oklahoma City Ballet?


Answer: 1962

Question: When did the University of Oklahoma's dance program begin?


Answer: Marjorie and Maria Tallchief

Question: Which sisters were in the Five Moons?


Answer: Sand Springs

Context: In Sand Springs, an outdoor amphitheater called "Discoveryland!" is the official performance headquarters for the musical Oklahoma! Ridge Bond, native of McAlester, Oklahoma, starred in the Broadway and International touring productions of Oklahoma!, playing the role of "Curly McClain" in more than 2,600 performances. In 1953 he was featured along with the Oklahoma! cast on a CBS Omnibus television broadcast. Bond was instrumental in the title song becoming the Oklahoma state song and is also featured on the U.S. postage stamp commemorating the musical's 50th anniversary. Historically, the state has produced musical styles such as The Tulsa Sound and western swing, which was popularized at Cain's Ballroom in Tulsa. The building, known as the "Carnegie Hall of Western Swing", served as the performance headquarters of Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys during the 1930s. Stillwater is known as the epicenter of Red Dirt music, the best-known proponent of which is the late Bob Childers.

Question: Where is 'Discoveryland!'?


Answer: Ridge Bond

Question: Who starred in the Broadway production of 'Oklahoma!'?


Answer: McAlester, Oklahoma

Question: Where is Ridge Bond from?


Answer: Curly McClain

Question: Who did Ridge Bond play?


Answer: more than 2,600

Question: How many performances of Oklahoma! was Ridge Bond in?


Answer: Oklahoma City Theatre Company, Carpenter Square Theatre, Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park, and CityRep

Context: Prominent theatre companies in Oklahoma include, in the capital city, Oklahoma City Theatre Company, Carpenter Square Theatre, Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park, and CityRep. CityRep is a professional company affording equity points to those performers and technical theatre professionals. In Tulsa, Oklahoma's oldest resident professional company is American Theatre Company, and Theatre Tulsa is the oldest community theatre company west of the Mississippi. Other companies in Tulsa include Heller Theatre and Tulsa Spotlight Theater. The cities of Norman, Lawton, and Stillwater, among others, also host well-reviewed community theatre companies.

Question: What major theater groups are in Oklahoma City?


Answer: Theatre Tulsa

Question: What is the oldest community theater group west of the Mississippi River?


Answer: Tulsa

Question: Where is the American Theatre Company based?


Answer: American Theatre Company

Question: What is the oldest resident professional theater company in Oklahoma?


Answer: Tulsa

Question: Where is Heller Theatre?


Answer: more than 300

Context: Oklahoma is in the nation's middle percentile in per capita spending on the arts, ranking 17th, and contains more than 300 museums. The Philbrook Museum of Tulsa is considered one of the top 50 fine art museums in the United States, and the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History in Norman, one of the largest university-based art and history museums in the country, documents the natural history of the region. The collections of Thomas Gilcrease are housed in the Gilcrease Museum of Tulsa, which also holds the world's largest, most comprehensive collection of art and artifacts of the American West.

Question: How many museums are in Oklahoma?


Answer: 17th

Question: How does Oklahoma's per-capita arts spending rank?


Answer: Tulsa

Question: Where is the Philbrook Museum?


Answer: fine art

Question: What kind of museum is the Philbrook?


Answer: Gilcrease Museum of Tulsa

Question: Where are Thomas Gilcrease's collections housed?


Answer: Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art in Shawnee

Context: The Egyptian art collection at the Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art in Shawnee is considered to be the finest Egyptian collection between Chicago and Los Angeles. The Oklahoma City Museum of Art contains the most comprehensive collection of glass sculptures by artist Dale Chihuly in the world, and Oklahoma City's National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum documents the heritage of the American Western frontier. With remnants of the Holocaust and artifacts relevant to Judaism, the Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art of Tulsa preserves the largest collection of Jewish art in the Southwest United States.

Question: Where does Oklahoma have a fine Egyptian art collection?


Answer: Oklahoma City Museum of Art

Question: Where is the largest collection of Dale Chinuly's work?


Answer: glass sculptures

Question: What kind of art did Dale Chinuly make?


Answer: Oklahoma City

Question: Where is the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum?


Answer: Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art of Tulsa

Question: Where is the largest Jewish art collection in the southwest?


Answer: 2007

Context: Oklahoma's centennial celebration was named the top event in the United States for 2007 by the American Bus Association, and consisted of multiple celebrations saving with the 100th anniversary of statehood on November 16, 2007. Annual ethnic festivals and events take place throughout the state such as Native American powwows and ceremonial events, and include festivals (as examples) in Scottish, Irish, German, Italian, Vietnamese, Chinese, Czech, Jewish, Arab, Mexican and African-American communities depicting cultural heritage or traditions.

Question: When was Oklahoma's centennial year?


Answer: November 16, 2007

Question: When was the exact hundredth anniversary of Oklahoma's statehood?


Answer: American Bus Association

Question: What organization said Oklahoma's centennial was the top event in the US that year?


Answer: cultural heritage or traditions

Question: What do ethnic festivals depict?


Answer: 10-day

Context: During a 10-day run in Oklahoma City, the State Fair of Oklahoma attracts roughly one million people along with the annual Festival of the Arts. Large national pow-wows, various Latin and Asian heritage festivals, and cultural festivals such as the Juneteenth celebrations are held in Oklahoma City each year. The Tulsa State Fair attracts over one million people during its 10-day run, and the city's Mayfest festival entertained more than 375,000 people in four days during 2007. In 2006, Tulsa's Oktoberfest was named one of the top 10 in the world by USA Today and one of the top German food festivals in the nation by Bon Appetit magazine.

Question: How long is the State Fair of Oklahoma?


Answer: Oklahoma City

Question: Where is the State Fair of Oklahoma?


Answer: roughly one million

Question: How many people attend the State Fair of Oklahoma each year?


Answer: 10-day

Question: How long is the Tulsa State Fair?


Answer: over one million

Question: How many people attend the Tulsa State Fair each year?


Answer: 1976

Context: Norman plays host to the Norman Music Festival, a festival that highlights native Oklahoma bands and musicians. Norman is also host to the Medieval Fair of Norman, which has been held annually since 1976 and was Oklahoma's first medieval fair. The Fair was held first on the south oval of the University of Oklahoma campus and in the third year moved to the Duck Pond in Norman until the Fair became too big and moved to Reaves Park in 2003. The Medieval Fair of Norman is Oklahoma's "largest weekend event and the third largest event in Oklahoma, and was selected by Events Media Network as one of the top 100 events in the nation".

Question: When did the Medieval Fair of Norman begin?


Answer: Norman

Question: Where was Oklahoma's first medieval fair?


Answer: the south oval of the University of Oklahoma campus

Question: Where was the Medieval Fair of Norman held for its first 2 years?


Answer: Duck Pond in Norman

Question: Where was the Medieval Fair of Norman held from 1978 to 2002?


Answer: Reaves Park

Question: Where has the Medieval Fair of Norman been held since 2003?


Answer: 638,817

Context: With an educational system made up of public school districts and independent private institutions, Oklahoma had 638,817 students enrolled in 1,845 public primary, secondary, and vocational schools in 533 school districts as of 2008[update]. Oklahoma has the highest enrollment of Native American students in the nation with 126,078 students in the 2009-10 school year. Ranked near the bottom of states in expenditures per student, Oklahoma spent $7,755 for each student in 2008, 47th in the nation, though its growth of total education expenditures between 1992 and 2002 ranked 22nd.

Question: How many students were in Oklahoma's public schools in 2008?


Answer: 533

Question: How many school districts are in Oklahoma?


Answer: 126,078

Question: How many Native American students are in Oklahoma's public schools?


Answer: $7,755

Question: What does Oklahoma spend per student in public schools as of 2008?


Answer: 1,845

Question: How many public schools does Oklahoma have?


Answer: National Institute for Early Education Research

Context: The state is among the best in pre-kindergarten education, and the National Institute for Early Education Research rated it first in the United States with regard to standards, quality, and access to pre-kindergarten education in 2004, calling it a model for early childhood schooling. High school dropout rate decreased from 3.1 to 2.5 percent between 2007 and 2008 with Oklahoma ranked among 18 other states with 3 percent or less dropout rate. In 2004, the state ranked 36th in the nation for the relative number of adults with high school diplomas, though at 85.2 percent, it had the highest rate among southern states.

Question: Who said Oklahoma's pre-K program is the best in the US?


Answer: 2004

Question: When was Oklahoma's pre-K called 'a model for early childhood schooling'?


Answer: 3.1

Question: What was Oklahoma's high school dropout rate in 2007?


Answer: 2.5 percent

Question: What was Oklahoma's high school dropout rate in 2008?


Answer: 85.2 percent

Question: What percent of Oklahomans have graduated high school?


Answer: eleven

Context: Oklahoma holds eleven public regional universities, including Northeastern State University, the second-oldest institution of higher education west of the Mississippi River, also containing the only College of Optometry in Oklahoma and the largest enrollment of Native American students in the nation by percentage and amount. Langston University is Oklahoma's only historically black college. Six of the state's universities were placed in the Princeton Review's list of best 122 regional colleges in 2007, and three made the list of top colleges for best value. The state has 55 post-secondary technical institutions operated by Oklahoma's CareerTech program for training in specific fields of industry or trade.

Question: How many public universities does Oklahoma have?


Answer: Northeastern State University

Question: What is the second-oldest university west of the MS River?


Answer: Northeastern State University

Question: Within what university is Oklahoma's only optometry college?


Answer: Northeastern State University

Question: What university has the largest Native American enrollment in the US?


Answer: Langston University

Question: What is Oklahoma's only HBCU?


Answer: 181,973

Context: In the 2007–2008 school year, there were 181,973 undergraduate students, 20,014 graduate students, and 4,395 first-professional degree students enrolled in Oklahoma colleges. Of these students, 18,892 received a bachelor's degree, 5,386 received a master's degree, and 462 received a first professional degree. This means the state of Oklahoma produces an average of 38,278 degree-holders per completions component (i.e. July 1, 2007 – June 30, 2008). National average is 68,322 total degrees awarded per completions component.

Question: How many undergrad students were in Oklahoma in 2007?


Answer: 20,014

Question: How many grad students were in Oklahoma in 2007?


Answer: 4,395

Question: How many professional degree college students were in Oklahoma in 2007?


Answer: 18,892

Question: How many of Oklahoma's 2007 undergrads completed their degree?


Answer: 5,386

Question: How many of Oklahoma's 2007 grad students completed their degree?


Answer: Cherokee Nation

Context: The Cherokee Nation instigated a 10-year language preservation plan that involved growing new fluent speakers of the Cherokee language from childhood on up through school immersion programs as well as a collaborative community effort to continue to use the language at home. This plan was part of an ambitious goal that in 50 years, 80% or more of the Cherokee people will be fluent in the language. The Cherokee Preservation Foundation has invested $3 million into opening schools, training teachers, and developing curricula for language education, as well as initiating community gatherings where the language can be actively used. There is a Cherokee language immersion school in Tahlequah, Oklahoma that educates students from pre-school through eighth grade. Graduates are fluent speakers of the language. Several universities offer Cherokee as a second language, including the University of Oklahoma and Northeastern State University.

Question: Which Native American group is involved in a language preservation project?


Answer: 80% or more

Question: What percent of Cherokee people are desired to be fluent in Cherokee?


Answer: Cherokee Preservation Foundation

Question: What group runs the Cherokee language preservation project?


Answer: $3 million

Question: How much has the Cherokee Preservation Foundation spent on schools?


Answer: Tahlequah, Oklahoma

Question: Where is there a Cherokee immersion school?


Answer: Oklahoma City Thunder

Context: Oklahoma has teams in basketball, football, arena football, baseball, soccer, hockey, and wrestling located in Oklahoma City, Tulsa, Enid, Norman, and Lawton. The Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association (NBA) is the state's only major league sports franchise. The state had a team in the Women's National Basketball Association, the Tulsa Shock, from 2010 through 2015, but the team relocated to Dallas–Fort Worth after that season and became the Dallas Wings. Oklahoma supports teams in several minor leagues, including Minor League Baseball at the AAA and AA levels (Oklahoma City Dodgers and Tulsa Drillers, respectively), hockey's ECHL with the Tulsa Oilers, and a number of indoor football leagues. In the last-named sport, the state's most notable team was the Tulsa Talons, which played in the Arena Football League until 2012, when the team was moved to San Antonio. The Oklahoma Defenders replaced the Talons as Tulsa's only professional arena football team, playing the CPIFL. The Oklahoma City Blue, of the NBA Development League, relocated to Oklahoma City from Tulsa in 2014, where they were formerly known as the Tulsa 66ers. Tulsa is the base for the Tulsa Revolution, which plays in the American Indoor Soccer League. Enid and Lawton host professional basketball teams in the USBL and the CBA.

Question: What is the only major league sports team in Oklahoma?


Answer: National Basketball Association

Question: What league is the Thunder in?


Answer: Tulsa Shock

Question: What had Oklahoma's WNBA team been?


Answer: Dallas–Fort Worth

Question: Where did Oklahoma's WNBA team move to?


Answer: Dallas Wings

Question: What was Oklahoma's WNBA team renamed to when it moved?


Answer: New Orleans Hornets

Context: The NBA's New Orleans Hornets became the first major league sports franchise based in Oklahoma when the team was forced to relocate to Oklahoma City's Ford Center, now known as Chesapeake Energy Arena, for two seasons following Hurricane Katrina in 2005. In July 2008, the Seattle SuperSonics, a franchise owned by the Professional Basketball Club LLC, a group of Oklahoma City businessmen led by Clayton Bennett, relocated to Oklahoma City and announced that play would begin at the Ford Center as the Oklahoma City Thunder for the 2008–09 season, becoming the state's first permanent major league franchise.

Question: Which NBA team temporarily relocated to Oklahoma?


Answer: Oklahoma City's Ford Center

Question: Where did the temporary NBA team play in Oklahoma?


Answer: Hurricane Katrina

Question: What caused the temporary NBA team to relocate to Oklahoma?


Answer: Seattle SuperSonics

Question: What was the Thunder's previous name?


Answer: Professional Basketball Club LLC

Question: Who owns the Thunder?


Answer: four

Context: Collegiate athletics are a popular draw in the state. The state has four schools that compete at the highest level of college sports, NCAA Division I. The most prominent are the state's two members of the Big 12 Conference, one of the so-called Power Five conferences of the top tier of college football, Division I FBS. The University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University average well over 50,000 fans attending their football games, and Oklahoma's football program ranked 12th in attendance among American colleges in 2010, with an average of 84,738 people attending its home games. The two universities meet several times each year in rivalry matches known as the Bedlam Series, which are some of the greatest sporting draws to the state. Sports Illustrated magazine rates Oklahoma and Oklahoma State among the top colleges for athletics in the nation. Two private institutions in Tulsa, the University of Tulsa and Oral Roberts University; are also Division I members. Tulsa competes in FBS football and other sports in the American Athletic Conference, while Oral Roberts, which does not sponsor football, is a member of The Summit League. In addition, 12 of the state's smaller colleges and universities compete in NCAA Division II as members of four different conferences, and eight other Oklahoma institutions participate in the NAIA, mostly within the Sooner Athletic Conference.

Question: How many NCAA Division I colleges does Oklahoma have?


Answer: two

Question: How many colleges does Oklahoma have in the Big 12?


Answer: over 50,000

Question: How many fans attend an average Oklahoma State University football game?


Answer: Bedlam Series

Question: What is the rivalry between OSU and University of Oklahoma called?


Answer: Tulsa

Question: Where is Oral Roberts University?


Answer: LPGA

Context: Regular LPGA tournaments are held at Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa, and major championships for the PGA or LPGA have been played at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oak Tree Country Club in Oklahoma City, and Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa. Rated one of the top golf courses in the nation, Southern Hills has hosted four PGA Championships, including one in 2007, and three U.S. Opens, the most recent in 2001. Rodeos are popular throughout the state, and Guymon, in the state's panhandle, hosts one of the largest in the nation.

Question: What kind of tournaments does Cedar Ridge Country Club host?


Answer: Tulsa

Question: Where is Southern Hills Country Club?


Answer: Oklahoma City

Question: Where is Oak Tree Country Club?


Answer: Tulsa

Question: Where is Cedar Ridge Country Club?


Answer: four

Question: How many PGA championships has Southern Hills held?


Answer: two

Context: The state has two primary newspapers. The Oklahoman, based in Oklahoma City, is the largest newspaper in the state and 54th-largest in the nation by circulation, with a weekday readership of 138,493 and a Sunday readership of 202,690. The Tulsa World, the second most widely circulated newspaper in Oklahoma and 79th in the nation, holds a Sunday circulation of 132,969 and a weekday readership of 93,558. Oklahoma's first newspaper was established in 1844, called the Cherokee Advocate, and was written in both Cherokee and English. In 2006, there were more than 220 newspapers located in the state, including 177 with weekly publications and 48 with daily publications.

Question: How many major newspapers does Oklahoma have?


Answer: The Oklahoman

Question: What is the largest Oklahoma newspaper?


Answer: 202,690

Question: How many people read the Sunday issue of The Oklahoman?


Answer: The Tulsa World

Question: What is the 2nd-largest Oklahoma newspaper?


Answer: 132,969

Question: How many people read the Sunday issue of The Tulsa World?


Answer: More than 12,000

Context: More than 12,000 miles (19,000 km) of roads make up the state's major highway skeleton, including state-operated highways, ten turnpikes or major toll roads, and the longest drivable stretch of Route 66 in the nation. In 2008, Interstate 44 in Oklahoma City was Oklahoma's busiest highway, with a daily traffic volume of 123,300 cars. In 2010, the state had the nation's third highest number of bridges classified as structurally deficient, with nearly 5,212 bridges in disrepair, including 235 National Highway System Bridges.

Question: How many miles of highways are in Oklahoma?


Answer: Route 66

Question: Oklahoma has the longest drivable stretch of what famous highway?


Answer: Interstate 44

Question: What is the busiest highway in Oklahoma?


Answer: 5,212

Question: How many bridges in Oklahoma were found to be deficient in 2010?


Answer: 235

Question: How many national highway bridges in Oklahoma were found to be deficient in 2010?


Answer: Will Rogers World Airport

Context: Oklahoma's largest commercial airport is Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City, averaging a yearly passenger count of more than 3.5 million (1.7 million boardings) in 2010. Tulsa International Airport, the state's second largest commercial airport, served more than 1.3 million boardings in 2010. Between the two, six airlines operate in Oklahoma. In terms of traffic, R. L. Jones Jr. (Riverside) Airport in Tulsa is the state's busiest airport, with 335,826 takeoffs and landings in 2008. In total, Oklahoma has over 150 public-use airports.

Question: What is the largest commercial airport in Oklahoma?


Answer: Oklahoma City

Question: Where is Oklahoma's largest airport?


Answer: 1.7 million

Question: How many people boarded in Will Rogers World Airport in 2010?


Answer: six

Question: How many different airlines operate in Oklahoma?


Answer: over 150

Question: How many public airports does Oklahoma have?


Answer: Two

Context: Two inland ports on rivers serve Oklahoma: the Port of Muskogee and the Tulsa Port of Catoosa. The only port handling international cargo in the state, the Tulsa Port of Catoosa is the most inland ocean-going port in the nation and ships over two million tons of cargo each year. Both ports are located on the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System, which connects barge traffic from Tulsa and Muskogee to the Mississippi River via the Verdigris and Arkansas rivers, contributing to one of the busiest waterways in the world.

Question: How many ports does Oklahoma have?


Answer: Tulsa Port of Catoosa

Question: Which port in Oklahoma handles international cargo?


Answer: Tulsa

Question: Where is the furthest-inland oceangoing port in the US?


Answer: over two million

Question: How many tons of cargo does the Tulsa Port of Catoosa ship annually?


Answer: the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System

Question: What connects the two Oklahoma ports?


Answer: 77

Context: Oklahoma's judicial branch consists of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, and 77 District Courts that each serves one county. The Oklahoma judiciary also contains two independent courts: a Court of Impeachment and the Oklahoma Court on the Judiciary. Oklahoma has two courts of last resort: the state Supreme Court hears civil cases, and the state Court of Criminal Appeals hears criminal cases (this split system exists only in Oklahoma and neighboring Texas). Judges of those two courts, as well as the Court of Civil Appeals are appointed by the Governor upon the recommendation of the state Judicial Nominating Commission, and are subject to a non-partisan retention vote on a six-year rotating schedule.

Question: How many district courts does Oklahoma have?


Answer: 77

Question: How many counties does Oklahoma have?


Answer: the state Supreme Court

Question: What is the civil court of last resort in Oklahoma?


Answer: Texas

Question: What is the only other state with two courts of last resort?


Answer: the state Court of Criminal Appeals

Question: What is the criminal court of last resort in Oklahoma?


Answer: the Governor, their staff, and other elected officials

Context: The executive branch consists of the Governor, their staff, and other elected officials. The principal head of government, the Governor is the chief executive of the Oklahoma executive branch, serving as the ex officio Commander-in-Chief of the Oklahoma National Guard when not called into Federal use and reserving the power to veto bills passed through the Legislature. The responsibilities of the Executive branch include submitting the budget, ensuring that state laws are enforced, and ensuring peace within the state is preserved.

Question: Who is in the executive branch?


Answer: the Governor

Question: Who commands the Oklahoma National Guard?


Answer: the Executive branch

Question: Who is responsible for submitting a state budget in Oklahoma?


Answer: the Executive branch

Question: Who is responsible for enforcing Oklahoma's laws?


Answer: three

Context: The state is divided into 77 counties that govern locally, each headed by a three-member council of elected commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff. While each municipality operates as a separate and independent local government with executive, legislative and judicial power, county governments maintain jurisdiction over both incorporated cities and non-incorporated areas within their boundaries, but have executive power but no legislative or judicial power. Both county and municipal governments collect taxes, employ a separate police force, hold elections, and operate emergency response services within their jurisdiction. Other local government units include school districts, technology center districts, community college districts, rural fire departments, rural water districts, and other special use districts.

Question: How many county commissioners does each Oklahoma county have?


Answer: commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff

Question: What are the major county offices in Oklahoma?


Answer: 77

Question: How many counties are in Oklahoma?


Answer: Both county and municipal governments

Question: Who can collect taxes in Oklahoma?


Answer: Both county and municipal governments

Question: Who can hold elections in Oklahoma?


Answer: Thirty-nine

Context: Thirty-nine Native American tribal governments are based in Oklahoma, each holding limited powers within designated areas. While Indian reservations typical in most of the United States are not present in Oklahoma, tribal governments hold land granted during the Indian Territory era, but with limited jurisdiction and no control over state governing bodies such as municipalities and counties. Tribal governments are recognized by the United States as quasi-sovereign entities with executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions, but are subject to the authority of the United States Congress to revoke or withhold certain powers. The tribal governments are required to submit a constitution and any subsequent amendments to the United States Congress for approval.

Question: How many tribal governments are in Oklahoma?


Answer: reservations

Question: Tribes hold land in Oklahoma, but what isn't it called?


Answer: executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions

Question: What powers do tribal governments have?


Answer: the United States Congress

Question: Who can overrule the tribal governments?


Answer: the United States Congress

Question: Who must approve tribal constitutions?


Answer: Republican

Context: After the 1948 election, the state turned firmly Republican. Although registered Republicans were a minority in the state until 2015, starting in 1952, Oklahoma has been carried by Republican presidential candidates in all but one election (1964). This is not to say that every election has been a landslide for Republicans: Jimmy Carter lost the state by less than 1.5% in 1976, while Michael Dukakis and Bill Clinton both won 40% or more of the state's popular vote in 1988 and 1996 respectively. Al Gore in 2000, though, was the last Democrat to even win any counties in the state. Oklahoma was the only state where Barack Obama failed to carry any of its counties in both 2008 and 2012.

Question: What political party rose to power in Oklahoma in 1948?


Answer: 2015

Question: When did registered Republicans become a majority in Oklahoma?


Answer: 1964

Question: What is the one election since 1952 where a Republican presidential candidate didn't win in Oklahoma?


Answer: Barack Obama

Question: Oklahoma was the only state where which presidential candidate won no counties twice?


Answer: Al Gore

Question: Who was the last Democratic presidential candidate to win any counties in Oklahoma?


Answer: six

Context: Following the 2000 census, the Oklahoma delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives was reduced from six to five representatives, each serving one congressional district. For the 112th Congress (2011–2013), there were no changes in party strength, and the delegation included four Republicans and one Democrat. In the 112th Congress, Oklahoma's U.S. senators were Republicans Jim Inhofe and Tom Coburn, and its U.S. Representatives were John Sullivan (R-OK-1), Dan Boren (D-OK-2), Frank D. Lucas (R-OK-3), Tom Cole (R-OK-4), and James Lankford (R-OK-5).

Question: How many US House reps did Oklahoma have before the 2000 census?


Answer: five

Question: How many US House reps did Oklahoma have after the 2000 census?


Answer: four

Question: How many of Oklahoma's House reps were Republican in 2012?


Answer: Jim Inhofe and Tom Coburn

Question: Who are Oklahoma's US Senators?


Answer: Republicans

Question: What political party are Oklahoma's US Senators?


Answer: 598

Context: Oklahoma had 598 incorporated places in 2010, including four cities over 100,000 in population and 43 over 10,000. Two of the fifty largest cities in the United States are located in Oklahoma, Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and 65 percent of Oklahomans live within their metropolitan areas, or spheres of economic and social influence defined by the United States Census Bureau as a metropolitan statistical area. Oklahoma City, the state's capital and largest city, had the largest metropolitan area in the state in 2010, with 1,252,987 people, and the metropolitan area of Tulsa had 937,478 residents. Between 2000 and 2010, the cities that led the state in population growth were Blanchard (172.4%), Elgin (78.2%), Jenks (77.0%), Piedmont (56.7%), Bixby (56.6%), and Owasso (56.3%).

Question: How many incorporated cities are in Oklahoma?


Answer: four

Question: How many Oklahoma cities have over 100,000 people?


Answer: Oklahoma

Question: How many of the 50 largest US cities are in Oklahoma?


Answer: Oklahoma City

Question: What is the largest metro area in Oklahoma as of 2010?


Answer: 937,478

Question: How many people live in the Tulsa metro area?


Answer: Oklahoma City

Context: In descending order of population, Oklahoma's largest cities in 2010 were: Oklahoma City (579,999, +14.6%), Tulsa (391,906, −0.3%), Norman (110,925, +15.9%), Broken Arrow (98,850, +32.0%), Lawton (96,867, +4.4%), Edmond (81,405, +19.2%), Moore (55,081, +33.9%), Midwest City (54,371, +0.5%), Enid (49,379, +5.0%), and Stillwater (45,688, +17.0%). Of the state's ten largest cities, three are outside the metropolitan areas of Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and only Lawton has a metropolitan statistical area of its own as designated by the United States Census Bureau, though the metropolitan statistical area of Fort Smith, Arkansas extends into the state.

Question: What is Oklahoma's largest city?


Answer: 14.6%

Question: How much did Oklahoma City's population grow from 2000 to 2010?


Answer: 96,867

Question: How many people lived in Lawton in 2010?


Answer: 45,688

Question: How many people lived in Stillwater in 2010?


Answer: Fort Smith

Question: What Arkansas city's metro area extends into Oklahoma?


Answer: HCR 1024

Context: State law codifies Oklahoma's state emblems and honorary positions; the Oklahoma Senate or House of Representatives may adopt resolutions designating others for special events and to benefit organizations. Currently the State Senate is waiting to vote on a change to the state's motto. The House passed HCR 1024, which will change the state motto from "Labor Omnia Vincit" to "Oklahoma-In God We Trust!" The author of the resolution stated that a constituent researched the Oklahoma Constitution and found no "official" vote regarding "Labor Omnia Vincit", therefore opening the door for an entirely new motto.

Question: What state House bill would change Oklahoma's motto to 'Oklahoma - In God We Trust'?


Answer: Labor Omnia Vincit

Question: What was Oklahoma's state motto, before the state House bill might change it?


Answer: no "official" vote regarding "Labor Omnia Vincit"

Question: Why did the state House think they could change Oklahoma's motto?