Answer: Oskar Schindler

Context: Spielberg's next film, Schindler's List, was based on the true story of Oskar Schindler, a man who risked his life to save 1,100 Jews from the Holocaust. Schindler's List earned Spielberg his first Academy Award for Best Director (it also won Best Picture). With the film a huge success at the box office, Spielberg used the profits to set up the Shoah Foundation, a non-profit organization that archives filmed testimony of Holocaust survivors. In 1997, the American Film Institute listed it among the 10 Greatest American Films ever Made (#9) which moved up to (#8) when the list was remade in 2007.

Question: Whose life was 'Schindler's List' based on?


Answer: 1,100

Question: How many Jews did Schindler save?


Answer: Schindler's List

Question: What did Spielberg first win Best Director for?


Answer: set up the Shoah Foundation, a non-profit organization that archives filmed testimony of Holocaust survivors

Question: What did Spielberg do with 'Schindler's List' profits?


Answer: #9

Question: Where did the American Film Institute rank 'Schindler's List' in 1997?


Answer: Capt. Miller

Context: His next theatrical release in that same year was the World War II film Saving Private Ryan, about a group of U.S. soldiers led by Capt. Miller (Tom Hanks) sent to bring home a paratrooper whose three older brothers were killed in the same twenty-four hours, June 5–6, of the Normandy landing. The film was a huge box office success, grossing over $481 million worldwide and was the biggest film of the year at the North American box office (worldwide it made second place after Michael Bay's Armageddon). Spielberg won his second Academy Award for his direction. The film's graphic, realistic depiction of combat violence influenced later war films such as Black Hawk Down and Enemy at the Gates. The film was also the first major hit for DreamWorks, which co-produced the film with Paramount Pictures (as such, it was Spielberg's first release from the latter that was not part of the Indiana Jones series). Later, Spielberg and Tom Hanks produced a TV mini-series based on Stephen Ambrose's book Band of Brothers. The ten-part HBO mini-series follows Easy Company of the 101st Airborne Division's 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment. The series won a number of awards at the Golden Globes and the Emmys.

Question: Who did Tom Hanks play in 'Saving Private Ryan'?


Answer: World War II

Question: What war was 'Saving Private Ryan' about?


Answer: over $481 million worldwide

Question: How much did 'Saving Private Ryan' earn?


Answer: Armageddon

Question: Which film beat 'Saving Private Ryan' worldwide?


Answer: Michael Bay

Question: Who directed 'Armageddon'?


Answer: Minority Report

Context: Spielberg and actor Tom Cruise collaborated for the first time for the futuristic neo-noir Minority Report, based upon the science fiction short story written by Philip K. Dick about a Washington D.C. police captain in the year 2054 who has been foreseen to murder a man he has not yet met. The film received strong reviews with the review tallying website Rotten Tomatoes giving it a 92% approval rating, reporting that 206 out of the 225 reviews they tallied were positive. The film earned over $358 million worldwide. Roger Ebert, who named it the best film of 2002, praised its breathtaking vision of the future as well as for the way Spielberg blended CGI with live-action.

Question: What movie did Spielberg collaborate with Cruise for?


Answer: 2054

Question: When is Minority Report set?


Answer: 92%

Question: What was the Rotten Tomatoes rating for Minority Report?


Answer: over $358 million worldwide

Question: How much did Minority Report earn?


Answer: 2002

Question: When was Minority Report released?


Answer: Paramount and DreamWorks

Context: Also in 2005, Spielberg directed a modern adaptation of War of the Worlds (a co-production of Paramount and DreamWorks), based on the H. G. Wells book of the same name (Spielberg had been a huge fan of the book and the original 1953 film). It starred Tom Cruise and Dakota Fanning, and, as with past Spielberg films, Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) provided the visual effects. Unlike E.T. and Close Encounters of the Third Kind, which depicted friendly alien visitors, War of the Worlds featured violent invaders. The film was another huge box office smash, grossing over $591 million worldwide.

Question: Which studios produced Spielberg's 'War of the Worlds'?


Answer: H. G. Wells

Question: Who wrote the 'War of the Worlds' book?


Answer: 1953

Question: When was the first 'War of the Worlds' movie released?


Answer: Industrial Light & Magic

Question: Who did the visual effects for 'War of the Worlds'?


Answer: over $591 million worldwide

Question: How much did 'War of the Worlds' earn?


Answer: the 1972 Munich Massacre of Israeli athletes at the Olympic Games

Context: Spielberg's film Munich, about the events following the 1972 Munich Massacre of Israeli athletes at the Olympic Games, was his second film essaying Jewish relations in the world (the first being Schindler's List). The film is based on Vengeance, a book by Canadian journalist George Jonas. It was previously adapted into the 1986 made-for-TV film Sword of Gideon. The film received strong critical praise, but underperformed at the U.S. and world box-office; it remains one of Spielberg's most controversial films to date. Munich received five Academy Awards nominations, including Best Picture, Film Editing, Original Music Score (by John Williams), Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Director for Spielberg. It was Spielberg's sixth Best Director nomination and fifth Best Picture nomination.

Question: What was 'Munich' about?


Answer: Vengeance

Question: What book was 'Munich' based on?


Answer: George Jonas

Question: Who wrote 'Vengeance'?


Answer: five

Question: How many Oscar nominations did 'Munich' get?


Answer: John Williams

Question: Who composed music for 'Munich'?


Answer: June 2006

Context: In June 2006, Steven Spielberg announced he would direct a scientifically accurate film about "a group of explorers who travel through a worm hole and into another dimension", from a treatment by Kip Thorne and producer Lynda Obst. In January 2007, screenwriter Jonathan Nolan met with them to discuss adapting Obst and Thorne's treatment into a narrative screenplay. The screenwriter suggested the addition of a "time element" to the treatment's basic idea, which was welcomed by Obst and Thorne. In March of that year, Paramount hired Nolan, as well as scientists from Caltech, forming a workshop to adapt the treatment under the title Interstellar. The following July, Kip Thorne said there was a push by people for him to portray himself in the film. Spielberg later abandoned Interstellar, which was eventually directed by Christopher Nolan.

Question: When did Spielberg announce what would become 'Interstellar'?


Answer: Christopher Nolan

Question: Who took over directing 'Interstellar'?


Answer: a group of explorers who travel through a worm hole and into another dimension

Question: What was the concept for 'Interstellar'?


Answer: Jonathan Nolan

Question: Who wrote the 'Interstellar' script?


Answer: Caltech

Question: What university provided scientific consultation for 'Interstellar'?


Answer: The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn

Context: In early 2009, Spielberg shot the first film in a planned trilogy of motion capture films based on The Adventures of Tintin, written by Belgian artist Hergé, with Peter Jackson. The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn, was not released until October 2011, due to the complexity of the computer animation involved. The world premiere took place on October 22, 2011 in Brussels, Belgium. The film was released in North American theaters on December 21, 2011, in Digital 3D and IMAX. It received generally positive reviews from critics, and grossed over $373 million worldwide. The Adventures of Tintin won the award for Best Animated Feature Film at the Golden Globe Awards that year. It is the first non-Pixar film to win the award since the category was first introduced. Jackson has been announced to direct the second film.

Question: What was the first non-Pixar movie to win the Best Animated Feature Film award?


Answer: October 22, 2011

Question: When did Adventures of Tintin debut?


Answer: Brussels, Belgium

Question: Where did Adventures of Tintin debut?


Answer: December 21, 2011

Question: When was Adventures of Tintin released in the US?


Answer: over $373 million worldwide

Question: How much did Adventures of Tintin earn?


Answer: England

Context: Spielberg followed with War Horse, shot in England in the summer of 2010. It was released just four days after The Adventures of Tintin, on December 25, 2011. The film, based on the novel of the same name written by Michael Morpurgo and published in 1982, follows the long friendship between a British boy and his horse Joey before and during World War I – the novel was also adapted into a hit play in London which is still running there, as well as on Broadway. The film was released and distributed by Disney, with whom DreamWorks made a distribution deal in 2009. War Horse received generally positive reviews from critics, and was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture.

Question: Where was 'War Horse' filmed?


Answer: December 25, 2011

Question: When did 'War Horse' come out?


Answer: Michael Morpurgo

Question: Who wrote the 'War Horse' book?


Answer: 1982

Question: When did the 'War Horse' book come out?


Answer: Disney

Question: Who distributed 'War Horse'?


Answer: Daniel Day-Lewis

Context: Spielberg next directed the historical drama film Lincoln, starring Daniel Day-Lewis as United States President Abraham Lincoln and Sally Field as Mary Todd Lincoln. Based on Doris Kearns Goodwin's bestseller Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln, the film covered the final four months of Lincoln's life. Written by Tony Kushner, the film was shot in Richmond, Virginia, in late 2011, and was released in the United States by Disney in November 2012. The film's international distribution was handled by 20th Century Fox. Upon release, Lincoln received widespread critical acclaim, and was nominated for twelve Academy Awards (the most of any film that year) including Best Picture and Best Director for Spielberg. It won the award for Best Production Design and Day-Lewis won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Lincoln, becoming the first three time winner in that category as well as the first to win for a performance directed by Spielberg.

Question: Who starred in 'Lincoln' as Abraham Lincoln?


Answer: Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

Question: What book was 'Lincoln' based on?


Answer: the final four months

Question: What part of Lincoln's life did the film cover?


Answer: Richmond, Virginia

Question: Where was 'Lincoln' filmed?


Answer: Sally Field

Question: Who played Mary Todd Lincoln in 'Lincoln'?


Answer: October 16, 2015

Context: Spielberg directed 2015's Bridge of Spies, a Cold War thriller based on the 1960 U-2 incident, and focusing on James B. Donovan's negotiations with the Soviets for the release of pilot Gary Powers after his aircraft was shot down over Soviet territory. The film starred Tom Hanks as Donovan, as well as Mark Rylance, Amy Ryan, and Alan Alda, with a script by the Coen brothers. The film was shot from September to December 2014 on location in New York City, Berlin and Wroclaw, Poland (which doubled for East Berlin), and was released by Disney on October 16, 2015. Bridge of Spies received positive reviews from critics, and was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture.

Question: When was 'Bridge of Spies' released?


Answer: six

Question: How many Oscar nominations did 'Bridge of Spies' get?


Answer: 1960

Question: When was 'Bridge of Spies' set?


Answer: New York City, Berlin and Wroclaw, Poland

Question: Where was 'Bridge of Spies' filmed?


Answer: Tom Hanks

Question: Who played Donovan in 'Bridge of Spies'?


Answer: Tiny Toon Adventures, Animaniacs, Pinky and the Brain, Toonsylvania, and Freakazoid!

Context: Since the mid-1980s, Spielberg has increased his role as a film producer. He headed up the production team for several cartoons, including the Warner Bros. hits Tiny Toon Adventures, Animaniacs, Pinky and the Brain, Toonsylvania, and Freakazoid!, for which he collaborated with Jean MacCurdy and Tom Ruegger. Due to his work on these series, in the official titles, most of them say, "Steven Spielberg presents" as well as making numerous cameos on the shows. Spielberg also produced the Don Bluth animated features, An American Tail and The Land Before Time, which were released by Universal Studios. He also served as one of the executive producers of Who Framed Roger Rabbit and its three related shorts (Tummy Trouble, Roller Coaster Rabbit, Trail Mix-Up), which were all released by Disney, under both the Walt Disney Pictures and the Touchstone Pictures banners. He was furthermore, for a short time, the executive producer of the long-running medical drama ER. In 1989, he brought the concept of The Dig to LucasArts. He contributed to the project from that time until 1995 when the game was released. He also collaborated with software publishers Knowledge Adventure on the multimedia game Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair, which was released in 1996. Spielberg appears, as himself, in the game to direct the player. The Spielberg name provided branding for a Lego Moviemaker kit, the proceeds of which went to the Starbright Foundation.

Question: Which Warner Bros. cartoons did Spielberg produce?


Answer: An American Tail and The Land Before Time

Question: What films did Spielberg produce for Don Bluth?


Answer: The Dig

Question: What video game did Spielberg come up with the concept for?


Answer: 1995

Question: When was 'The Dig' released?


Answer: Starbright Foundation

Question: What charity did Spielberg's 'Lego Moviemaker' kit fund?


Answer: 1997

Context: Spielberg served as an uncredited executive producer on The Haunting, The Prince of Egypt, Just Like Heaven, Shrek, Road to Perdition, and Evolution. He served as an executive producer for the 1997 film Men in Black, and its sequels, Men in Black II and Men in Black III. In 2005, he served as a producer of Memoirs of a Geisha, an adaptation of the novel by Arthur Golden, a film to which he was previously attached as director. In 2006, Spielberg co-executive produced with famed filmmaker Robert Zemeckis a CGI children's film called Monster House, marking their eighth collaboration since 1990's Back to the Future Part III. He also teamed with Clint Eastwood for the first time in their careers, co-producing Eastwood's Flags of Our Fathers and Letters from Iwo Jima with Robert Lorenz and Eastwood himself. He earned his twelfth Academy Award nomination for the latter film as it was nominated for Best Picture. Spielberg served as executive producer for Disturbia and the Transformers live action film with Brian Goldner, an employee of Hasbro. The film was directed by Michael Bay and written by Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman, and Spielberg continued to collaborate on the sequels, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen and Transformers: Dark of the Moon. In 2011, he produced the J. J. Abrams science fiction thriller film Super 8 for Paramount Pictures.

Question: When was 'Men In Black' released?


Answer: Arthur Golden

Question: Who wrote the book 'Memoirs of a Geisha' is based on?


Answer: Robert Zemeckis

Question: Who did Spielberg collaborate with in 2006?


Answer: Back to the Future Part III

Question: What film did Spielberg first collaborate with Zemeckis on?


Answer: Paramount Pictures

Question: Which studio produced 'Super 8'?


Answer: 2005

Context: Other major television series Spielberg produced were Band of Brothers, Taken and The Pacific. He was an executive producer on the critically acclaimed 2005 TV miniseries Into the West which won two Emmy awards, including one for Geoff Zanelli's score. For his 2010 miniseries The Pacific he teamed up once again with co-producer Tom Hanks, with Gary Goetzman also co-producing'. The miniseries is believed to have cost $250 million and is a 10-part war miniseries centered on the battles in the Pacific Theater during World War II. Writer Bruce McKenna, who penned several installments of (Band of Brothers), was the head writer.

Question: When did 'Into the West' air?


Answer: two

Question: How many Emmys did 'Into the West' win?


Answer: Geoff Zanelli

Question: Who wrote the music for 'Into the West'?


Answer: 2010

Question: When was 'The Pacific' released?


Answer: $250 million

Question: How much did 'The Pacific' cost?


Answer: TNT

Context: In 2011, Spielberg launched Falling Skies, a science fiction television series, on the TNT network. He developed the series with Robert Rodat and is credited as an executive producer. Spielberg is also producing the Fox TV series Terra Nova. Terra Nova begins in the year 2149 when all life on the planet Earth is threatened with extinction resulting in scientists opening a door that allows people to travel back 85 million years to prehistoric times. Spielberg also produced The River, Smash, Under the Dome, Extant and The Whispers, as well as a TV adaptation of Minority Report.

Question: Which channel aired 'Falling Skies'?


Answer: 2149

Question: In what year does 'Terra Nova' begin?


Answer: 85 million years

Question: How far back in time do people in 'Terra Nova' travel?


Answer: Fox

Question: Which channel aired 'Terra Nova'?


Answer: Falling Skies

Question: What show did Spielberg work with Rodat on?


Answer: Paul Rugg

Context: Apart from being an ardent gamer Spielberg has had a long history of involvement in video games. He has been giving thanks to his games of his division DreamWorks Interactive most notable as Someone's in the Kitchen with script written by Animaniacs' Paul Rugg, Goosebumps: Escape from HorrorLand, The Neverhood (all in 1996), Skullmonkeys, Dilbert's Desktop Games, Goosebumps: Attack of the Mutant (all 1997), Boombots (1999), T'ai Fu: Wrath of the Tiger (1999), and Clive Barker's Undying (2001). In 2005 the director signed with Electronic Arts to collaborate on three games including an action game and an award winning puzzle game for the Wii called Boom Blox (and its 2009 sequel: Boom Blox Bash Party). Previously, he was involved in creating the scenario for the adventure game The Dig. In 1996, Spielberg worked on and shot original footage for a movie-making simulation game called Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair. He is the creator of the Medal of Honor series by Electronic Arts. He is credited in the special thanks section of the 1998 video game Trespasser. In 2013, Spielberg has announced he is collaborating with 343 Industries for a live-action TV show of Halo.

Question: Who wrote the script for 'Someone's in the Kitchen'?


Answer: 1997

Question: When was 'Skullmonkeys' released?


Answer: 1999

Question: When was Boombots released?


Answer: 1996

Question: When was The Neverhood released?


Answer: Halo

Question: What video game did Spielberg say in 2013 he's working on a TV show based on?


Answer: Roald Dahl

Context: Spielberg has filmed and is currently in post-production on an adaptation of Roald Dahl's celebrated children's story The BFG. Spielberg's DreamWorks bought the rights in 2010, originally intending John Madden to direct. The film was written by E.T. screenwriter Melissa Mathison and is co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures, marking the first Disney-branded film to be directed by Spielberg. The BFG is set to premiere out of competition at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2016, before its wide release in the US on July 1, 2016.

Question: Who wrote 'The BFG'?


Answer: Melissa Mathison

Question: Who wrote E.T.'s script?


Answer: Cannes Film Festival

Question: What film festival will first air 'The BFG'?


Answer: May

Question: In what month is Cannes held?


Answer: July 1, 2016

Question: When will 'The BFG' be in most theaters?


Answer: David Kertzer

Context: After completing filming on Ready Player One, while it is in its lengthy, effects-heavy post-production, he will film his long-planned adaptation of David Kertzer's acclaimed The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara. The book follows the true story of a young Jewish boy in 1858 Italy who was secretly baptized by a family servant and then kidnapped from his family by the Papal States, where he was raised and trained as a priest, causing international outrage and becoming a media sensation. First announced in 2014, the book has been adapted by Tony Kushner and the film will again star Mark Rylance, as Pope Pius IX. It will be filmed in early 2017 for release at the end of that year, before Ready Player One is completed and released in 2018.

Question: Who wrote 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara'?


Answer: 1858

Question: When does 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara' take place?


Answer: Italy

Question: Where does 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara' take place?


Answer: Mark Rylance

Question: Who plays Pope Pius IX in 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara'?


Answer: 2018

Question: When is 'Ready Player One' planned to be released?


Answer: Anne Hathaway and Chris Hemsworth

Context: Spielberg was scheduled to shoot a $200 million adaptation of Daniel H. Wilson's novel Robopocalypse, adapted for the screen by Drew Goddard. The film would follow a global human war against a robot uprising about 15–20 years in the future. Like Lincoln, it was to be released by Disney in the United States and Fox overseas. It was set for release on April 25, 2014, with Anne Hathaway and Chris Hemsworth set to star, but Spielberg postponed production indefinitely in January 2013, just before it had been set to begin.

Question: Who was going to star in 'Robopocalypse'?


Answer: April 25, 2014

Question: When was 'Robopocalypse' scheduled for release?


Answer: 15–20 years

Question: How far in the future was 'Robopocalypse' set?


Answer: Daniel H. Wilson

Question: Who wrote the book 'Robopocalypse' is based on?


Answer: $200 million

Question: What was the budget for 'Robopocalypse'?


Answer: ordinary characters searching for or coming in contact with extraordinary beings or finding themselves in extraordinary circumstances

Context: Spielberg's films often deal with several recurring themes. Most of his films deal with ordinary characters searching for or coming in contact with extraordinary beings or finding themselves in extraordinary circumstances. In an AFI interview in August 2000 Spielberg commented on his interest in the possibility of extra terrestrial life and how it has influenced some of his films. Spielberg described himself as feeling like an alien during childhood, and his interest came from his father, a science fiction fan, and his opinion that aliens would not travel light years for conquest, but instead curiosity and sharing of knowledge.

Question: What theme is common to Spielberg's films?


Answer: during childhood

Question: When in his life did Spielberg 'feel like an alien'?


Answer: August 2000

Question: When did Spielberg give an interview saying he had 'felt like an alien'?


Answer: curiosity and sharing of knowledge

Question: Why does Spielberg think aliens would visit?


Answer: his father

Question: Which of Spielberg's parents liked sci-fi?


Answer: Close Encounters of the Third Kind, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Hook, A.I. Artificial Intelligence and The BFG

Context: A strong consistent theme in his family-friendly work is a childlike, even naïve, sense of wonder and faith, as attested by works such as Close Encounters of the Third Kind, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Hook, A.I. Artificial Intelligence and The BFG. According to Warren Buckland, these themes are portrayed through the use of low height camera tracking shots, which have become one of Spielberg's directing trademarks. In the cases when his films include children (E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Empire of the Sun, Jurassic Park, etc.), this type of shot is more apparent, but it is also used in films like Munich, Saving Private Ryan, The Terminal, Minority Report, and Amistad. If one views each of his films, one will see this shot utilized by the director, notably the water scenes in Jaws are filmed from the low-angle perspective of someone swimming. Another child oriented theme in Spielberg's films is that of loss of innocence and coming-of-age. In Empire of the Sun, Jim, a well-groomed and spoiled English youth, loses his innocence as he suffers through World War II China. Similarly, in Catch Me If You Can, Frank naively and foolishly believes that he can reclaim his shattered family if he accumulates enough money to support them.

Question: Which Spielberg films are examples of a childlike sense of wonder?


Answer: low height camera tracking shots

Question: What camera style does Spielberg often use?


Answer: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Empire of the Sun, Jurassic Park

Question: What are some Spielberg films that included kids?


Answer: from the low-angle perspective of someone swimming

Question: How were the water scenes in Jaws filmed?


Answer: Frank

Question: Who is naive in 'Catch Me if You Can'?


Answer: professor of medieval literature

Context: The most persistent theme throughout his films is tension in parent-child relationships. Parents (often fathers) are reluctant, absent or ignorant. Peter Banning in Hook starts off in the beginning of the film as a reluctant married-to-his-work parent who through the course of the film regains the respect of his children. The notable absence of Elliott's father in E.T., is the most famous example of this theme. In Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, it is revealed that Indy has always had a very strained relationship with his father, who is a professor of medieval literature, as his father always seemed more interested in his work, specifically in his studies of the Holy Grail, than in his own son, although his father does not seem to realize or understand the negative effect that his aloof nature had on Indy (he even believes he was a good father in the sense that he taught his son "self reliance," which is not how Indy saw it). Even Oskar Schindler, from Schindler's List, is reluctant to have a child with his wife. Munich depicts Avner as a man away from his wife and newborn daughter. There are of course exceptions; Brody in Jaws is a committed family man, while John Anderton in Minority Report is a shattered man after the disappearance of his son. This theme is arguably the most autobiographical aspect of Spielberg's films, since Spielberg himself was affected by his parents' divorce as a child and by the absence of his father. Furthermore, to this theme, protagonists in his films often come from families with divorced parents, most notably E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (protagonist Elliot's mother is divorced) and Catch Me If You Can (Frank Abagnale's mother and father split early on in the film). Little known also is Tim in Jurassic Park (early in the film, another secondary character mentions Tim and Lex's parents' divorce). The family often shown divided is often resolved in the ending as well. Following this theme of reluctant fathers and father figures, Tim looks to Dr. Alan Grant as a father figure. Initially, Dr. Grant is reluctant to return those paternal feelings to Tim. However, by the end of the film, he has changed, and the kids even fall asleep with their heads on his shoulders.

Question: What was Indy's father's career?


Answer: the Holy Grail

Question: What artifact did Indy's father focus on?


Answer: tension in parent-child relationships

Question: What is Spielberg's most common theme?


Answer: John Anderton

Question: Whose son disappeared in 'Minority Report'?


Answer: Frank Abagnale

Question: Whose parents divorced in 'Catch Me If You Can'?


Answer: Jaws, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, and Always

Context: In terms of casting and production itself, Spielberg has a known penchant for working with actors and production members from his previous films. For instance, he has cast Richard Dreyfuss in several films: Jaws, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, and Always. Aside from his role as Indiana Jones, Spielberg also cast Harrison Ford as a headteacher in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (though the scene was ultimately cut). Although Spielberg directed veteran voice actor Frank Welker only once (in Raiders of the Lost Ark, for which he voiced many of the animals), Welker has lent his voice in a number of productions Spielberg has executive produced from Gremlins to its sequel Gremlins 2: The New Batch, as well as The Land Before Time, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, and television shows such as Tiny Toons, Animaniacs, and SeaQuest DSV. Spielberg has used Tom Hanks on several occasions and has cast him in Saving Private Ryan, Catch Me If You Can, The Terminal, and Bridge of Spies. Spielberg has collaborated with Tom Cruise twice on Minority Report and War of the Worlds, and cast Shia LaBeouf in five films: Transformers, Eagle Eye, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, and Transformers: Dark of the Moon.

Question: Which Spielberg films has Dreyfuss been in?


Answer: a headteacher

Question: Who was Ford going to play in E.T., until the scene was removed?


Answer: Tiny Toons, Animaniacs, and SeaQuest DSV

Question: Which Spielberg TV shows has Frank Welker been a voice actor for?


Answer: Saving Private Ryan, Catch Me If You Can, The Terminal, and Bridge of Spies

Question: Which Spielberg films has Tom Hanks been in?


Answer: Minority Report and War of the Worlds

Question: Which Spielberg films has Tom Cruise been in?


Answer: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial

Context: Spielberg prefers working with production members with whom he has developed an existing working relationship. An example of this is his production relationship with Kathleen Kennedy who has served as producer on all his major films from E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial to the recent Lincoln. For cinematography, Allen Daviau, a childhood friend and cinematographer, shot the early Spielberg film Amblin and most of his films up to Empire of the Sun; Janusz Kamiński who has shot every Spielberg film since Schindler's List (see List of film director and cinematographer collaborations); and the film editor Michael Kahn who has edited every film directed by Spielberg from Close Encounters to Munich (except E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial). Most of the DVDs of Spielberg's films have documentaries by Laurent Bouzereau.

Question: Which film did Kathleen Kennedy first work with Spielberg on?


Answer: Allen Daviau

Question: Which childhood friend worked on Spielberg's films?


Answer: Schindler's List

Question: Which film did Kaminski first work with Spielberg on?


Answer: Amblin

Question: Which film did Daviau first work with Spielberg on?


Answer: Close Encounters

Question: Which film did Kahn first work with Spielberg on?


Answer: Bridge of Spies, The Color Purple and Twilight Zone: The Movie

Context: A famous example of Spielberg working with the same professionals is his long-time collaboration with John Williams and the use of his musical scores in all of his films since The Sugarland Express (except Bridge of Spies, The Color Purple and Twilight Zone: The Movie). One of Spielberg's trademarks is his use of music by Williams to add to the visual impact of his scenes and to try and create a lasting picture and sound of the film in the memories of the film audience. These visual scenes often uses images of the sun (e.g. Empire of the Sun, Saving Private Ryan, the final scene of Jurassic Park, and the end credits of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (where they ride into the sunset)), of which the last two feature a Williams score at that end scene. Spielberg is a contemporary of filmmakers George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, John Milius, and Brian De Palma, collectively known as the "Movie Brats". Aside from his principal role as a director, Spielberg has acted as a producer for a considerable number of films, including early hits for Joe Dante and Robert Zemeckis. Spielberg has often never worked with the same screenwriter in his films, beside Tony Kushner and David Koepp, who have written a few of his films more than once.

Question: What are the only Spielberg films since Sugarland Express to not have music by John Williams?


Answer: they ride into the sunset

Question: What happens at the end of 'Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'?


Answer: George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, John Milius, and Brian De Palma

Question: Who are the 'Movie Brats', besides Spielberg?


Answer: Tony Kushner and David Koepp

Question: Who are the only screenwriters Spielberg has worked with on more than one film?


Answer: Amy Irving

Context: Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer Julia Phillips, "I met a real heartbreaker last night.":293 Although she was too young for the role, she and Spielberg began dating and she eventually moved in to what she described as his "bachelor funky" house.:294 They lived together for four years, but the stresses of their professional careers took a toll on their relationship. Irving wanted to be certain that whatever success she attained as an actress would be her own: "I don't want to be known as Steven's girlfriend," she said, and chose not to be in any of his films during those years.:295

Question: Who did Spielberg begin dating in 1976?


Answer: actress

Question: What was Amy Irving's career?


Answer: Brian De Palma

Question: Who introduced Irving to Spielberg?


Answer: "bachelor funky"

Question: How did Irving describe Spielberg's house?


Answer: "I don't want to be known as Steven's girlfriend,"

Question: Why did Irving not want to be in Spielberg's films while dating?


Answer: 1979

Context: As a result, they broke up in 1979, but remained close friends. Then in 1984 they renewed their romance, and in November 1985, they married, already having had a son, Max Samuel. After three and a half years of marriage, however, many of the same competing stresses of their careers caused them to divorce in 1989. They agreed to maintain homes near each other as to facilitate the shared custody and parenting of their son.:403 Their divorce was recorded as the third most costly celebrity divorce in history.

Question: When did Spielberg and Irving initially break up?


Answer: 1984

Question: When did Spielberg and Irving get back together?


Answer: November 1985

Question: When did Spielberg and Irving marry?


Answer: 1989

Question: When did Spielberg and Irving divorce?


Answer: third most costly celebrity divorce in history

Question: How expensive was Spielberg and Irving's divorce?


Answer: 2002 Winter Olympic Games

Context: In 2002, Spielberg was one of eight flagbearers who carried the Olympic Flag into Rice-Eccles Stadium at the Opening Ceremonies of the 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City. In 2006, Premiere listed him as the most powerful and influential figure in the motion picture industry. Time listed him as one of the 100 Most Important People of the Century. At the end of the 20th century, Life named him the most influential person of his generation. In 2009, Boston University presented him an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree.

Question: In which Olympics was Spielberg a flagbearer?


Answer: Salt Lake City

Question: Where was Spielberg an Olympic flagbearer?


Answer: one of the 100 Most Important People of the Century

Question: How did Time Magazine recognize Spielberg?


Answer: Doctor of Humane Letters

Question: What honorary degree did Spielberg receive from Boston University?


Answer: the most influential person of his generation

Question: How did Life Magazine recognize Spielberg?


Answer: 2014

Context: According to Forbes' Most Influential Celebrities 2014 list, Spielberg was listed as the most influential celebrity in America. The annual list is conducted by E-Poll Market Research and it gave more than 6,600 celebrities on 46 different personality attributes a score representing "how that person is perceived as influencing the public, their peers, or both." Spielberg received a score of 47, meaning 47% of the US believes he is influential. Gerry Philpott, president of E-Poll Market Research, supported Spielberg's score by stating, "If anyone doubts that Steven Spielberg has greatly influenced the public, think about how many will think for a second before going into the water this summer."

Question: When was Spielberg named the 'most influential celebrity in America'?


Answer: 47%

Question: How much of the US believes Spielberg is influential?


Answer: president of E-Poll Market Research

Question: Who is Gerry Philpott?


Answer: many will think for a second before going into the water this summer

Question: How did Spielberg influence the public's behavior?


Answer: 1941

Context: A collector of film memorabilia, Spielberg purchased a balsa Rosebud sled from Citizen Kane (1941) in 1982. He bought Orson Welles's own directorial copy of the script for the radio broadcast The War of the Worlds (1938) in 1994. Spielberg has purchased Academy Award statuettes being sold on the open market and donated them to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, to prevent their further commercial exploitation. His donations include the Oscars that Bette Davis received for Dangerous (1935) and Jezebel (1938), and Clark Gable's Oscar for It Happened One Night (1934).

Question: When was Citizen Kane released?


Answer: 1938

Question: When was 'The War of the Worlds' radio broadcast?


Answer: 1982

Question: When did Spielberg buy a sled from Citizen Kane?


Answer: 1994

Question: When did Spielberg buy Orson Welles' personal script copy from 'The War of the Worlds'?


Answer: donated them to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, to prevent their further commercial exploitation

Question: What does Spielberg do with Academy Awards he buys?


Answer: Pong

Context: Since playing Pong while filming Jaws in 1974, Spielberg has been an avid video gamer. Spielberg played many of LucasArts adventure games, including the first Monkey Island games. He owns a Wii, a PlayStation 3, a PSP, and Xbox 360, and enjoys playing first-person shooters such as the Medal of Honor series and Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare. He has also criticized the use of cut scenes in games, calling them intrusive, and feels making story flow naturally into the gameplay is a challenge for future game developers.

Question: What was the first video game Spielberg played?


Answer: 1974

Question: When did Spielberg first play a video game?


Answer: Jaws

Question: What movie was Spielberg working on when he first played Pong?


Answer: a Wii, a PlayStation 3, a PSP, and Xbox 360

Question: What game consoles does Spielberg own?


Answer: intrusive

Question: How does Spielberg feel about cutscenes in games?


Answer: cinematography

Context: Drawing from his own experiences in Scouting, Spielberg helped the Boy Scouts of America develop a merit badge in cinematography in order to help promote filmmaking as a marketable skill. The badge was launched at the 1989 National Scout Jamboree, which Spielberg attended, and where he personally counseled many boys in their work on requirements. That same year, 1989, saw the release of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. The opening scene shows a teenage Indiana Jones in scout uniform bearing the rank of a Life Scout. Spielberg stated he made Indiana Jones a Boy Scout in honor of his experience in Scouting. For his career accomplishments, service to others, and dedication to a new merit badge Spielberg was awarded the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award.

Question: What Boy Scout merit badge did Spielberg help develop?


Answer: Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade

Question: Which Spielberg movie showed its main character was a Boy Scout?


Answer: Life Scout

Question: What was Indy's rank in Boy Scouts when shown in a movie?


Answer: Indiana Jones

Question: Which major Spielberg movie character was a Boy Scout?


Answer: 1989

Question: When was Spielberg's merit badge launched?


Answer: Gold Hugo Lifetime Achievement Award

Context: In 2004 he was admitted as knight of the Légion d'honneur by president Jacques Chirac. On July 15, 2006, Spielberg was also awarded the Gold Hugo Lifetime Achievement Award at the Summer Gala of the Chicago International Film Festival, and also was awarded a Kennedy Center honour on December 3. The tribute to Spielberg featured a short, filmed biography narrated by Tom Hanks and included thank-yous from World War II veterans for Saving Private Ryan, as well as a performance of the finale to Leonard Bernstein's Candide, conducted by John Williams (Spielberg's frequent composer).[citation needed]

Question: What award did Spielberg receive on Jul 15, 2006?


Answer: Jacques Chirac

Question: Who made Spielberg a knight?


Answer: Kennedy Center

Question: Where was Spielberg honored on Dec 3, 2006?


Answer: Tom Hanks

Question: Who narrated a short Spielberg bio at the Kennedy Center?


Answer: 2005

Context: The Science Fiction Hall of Fame inducted Spielberg in 2005, the first year it considered non-literary contributors. In November 2007, he was chosen for a Lifetime Achievement Award to be presented at the sixth annual Visual Effects Society Awards in February 2009. He was set to be honored with the Cecil B. DeMille Award at the January 2008 Golden Globes; however, the new, watered-down format of the ceremony resulting from conflicts in the 2007–08 writers strike, the HFPA postponed his honor to the 2009 ceremony. In 2008, Spielberg was awarded the Légion d'honneur.

Question: When was Spielberg added to the Science Fiction Hall of Fame?


Answer: February 2009

Question: When did the Visual Effects Society give Spielberg a Lifetime Achievement Award?


Answer: 2009

Question: When did Spielberg win the Cecil B. DeMille Award?


Answer: watered-down format of the ceremony resulting from conflicts in the 2007–08 writers strike

Question: Why was Spielberg's Cecil B. DeMille Award postponed from 2008?


Answer: coal mines

Context: Starting in the coal mines, by the mid-19th century elevators were operated with steam power and were used for moving goods in bulk in mines and factories. These steam driven devices were soon being applied to a diverse set of purposes - in 1823, two architects working in London, Burton and Hormer, built and operated a novel tourist attraction, which they called the "ascending room". It elevated paying customers to a considerable height in the center of London, allowing them a magnificent panoramic view of downtown.

Question: For which industry were elevators first used?


Answer: steam power

Question: In the mid 1800s what were elevators fueled by?


Answer: moving goods in bulk in mines and factories

Question: What were elevators originally built for?


Answer: Burton and Hormer

Question: Who built the "ascending room", in 1823?


Answer: London

Question: The "ascending room" gave customers a view of what city's downtown?


Answer: Sir William Armstrong

Context: The hydraulic crane was invented by Sir William Armstrong in 1846, primarily for use at the Tyneside docks for loading cargo. These quickly supplanted the earlier steam driven elevators: exploiting Pascal's law, they provided a much greater force. A water pump supplied a variable level of water pressure to a plunger encased inside a vertical cylinder, allowing the level of the platform (carrying a heavy load) to be raised and lowered. Counterweights and balances were also used to increase the lifting power of the apparatus.

Question: Who invented the hydraulic crane in 1846?


Answer: Tyneside docks

Question: Were was the hydraulic crane initially used?


Answer: they provided a much greater force

Question: In what manner did hydraulic cranes employ Pascal's law?


Answer: encased inside a vertical cylinder

Question: The water pump supplied water pressure to a plunger located where?


Answer: Counterweights and balances

Question: besides water pressure, what else was used to increase the lifting power?


Answer: Gaetano Genovese

Context: In 1845, the Neapolitan architect Gaetano Genovese installed in the Royal Palace of Caserta the "Flying Chair", an elevator ahead of its time, covered with chestnut wood outside and with maple wood inside. It included a light, two benches and a hand operated signal, and could be activated from the outside, without any effort on the part of the occupants. Traction was controlled by a motor mechanic utilizing a system of toothed wheels. A safety system was designed to take effect if the cords broke. It consisted of a beam pushed outwards by a steel spring.

Question: What Neapolitan architect created the "Flying Chair" elevator?


Answer: Royal Palace of Caserta

Question: At what location was the "Flying Chair" installed in 1845?


Answer: maple

Question: What type of wood was used on the inside ?


Answer: a motor mechanic utilizing a system of toothed wheels

Question: What controlled the traction?


Answer: a beam pushed outwards by a steel spring

Question: What did the safety system consist of?


Answer: Elisha Otis

Context: In 1852, Elisha Otis introduced the safety elevator, which prevented the fall of the cab if the cable broke. The design of the Otis safety elevator is somewhat similar to one type still used today. A governor device engages knurled roller(s), locking the elevator to its guides should the elevator descend at excessive speed. He demonstrated it at the New York exposition in the Crystal Palace in a dramatic, death-defying presentation in 1854, and the first such passenger elevator was installed at 488 Broadway in New York City on March 23, 1857.

Question: Who created the safety elevator in 1852?


Answer: prevented the fall of the cab if the cable broke

Question: What feature did the safety elevator display?


Answer: knurled roller(s)

Question: What did the govenor device engage to lock the elevator?


Answer: New York exposition in the Crystal Palace

Question: At what location was it first presented?


Answer: 488 Broadway in New York City

Question: Where was the first safety elevator installed?


Answer: first elevator shaft

Context: The first elevator shaft preceded the first elevator by four years. Construction for Peter Cooper's Cooper Union Foundation building in New York began in 1853. An elevator shaft was included in the design, because Cooper was confident that a safe passenger elevator would soon be invented. The shaft was cylindrical because Cooper thought it was the most efficient design. Later, Otis designed a special elevator for the building. Today the Otis Elevator Company, now a subsidiary of United Technologies Corporation, is the world's largest manufacturer of vertical transport systems.

Question: Which was built first, the first elevator shaft or the first elevator?


Answer: 1853

Question: What year did constructrion begin for the Cooper Union Foundation?


Answer: cylindrical

Question: What design did Peter Cooper feel was the most efficient?


Answer: United Technologies Corporation

Question: The Otis Elevator Company is today a subsidiary of what major corporation?


Answer: world's largest manufacturer of vertical transport systems

Question: What title does United Technologies Corporation hold?


Answer: Werner von Siemens

Context: The first electric elevator was built by Werner von Siemens in 1880 in Germany. The inventor Anton Freissler developed the ideas of von Siemens and built up a successful enterprise in Austria-Hungary. The safety and speed of electric elevators were significantly enhanced by Frank Sprague who added floor control, automatic elevators, acceleration control of cars, and safeties. His elevator ran faster and with larger loads than hydraulic or steam elevators, and 584 electric elevators were installed before Sprague sold his company to the Otis Elevator Company in 1895. Sprague also developed the idea and technology for multiple elevators in a single shaft.

Question: Who built the first electric elevator?


Answer: Germany

Question: The first electric elevator, built in 1880, was in what Country?


Answer: Frank Sprague

Question: Who is credited with increasing the safety and speed of electric elevators?


Answer: Anton Freissler

Question: Who ultilized von Siemens ideas to build a succesful business?


Answer: Otis Elevator Company

Question: To whom did Frank Sprague sell his company to in 1895?


Answer: hoistway

Context: Some people argue that elevators began as simple rope or chain hoists (see Traction elevators below). An elevator is essentially a platform that is either pulled or pushed up by a mechanical means. A modern-day elevator consists of a cab (also called a "cage", "carriage" or "car") mounted on a platform within an enclosed space called a shaft or sometimes a "hoistway". In the past, elevator drive mechanisms were powered by steam and water hydraulic pistons or by hand. In a "traction" elevator, cars are pulled up by means of rolling steel ropes over a deeply grooved pulley, commonly called a sheave in the industry. The weight of the car is balanced by a counterweight. Sometimes two elevators are built so that their cars always move synchronously in opposite directions, and are each other's counterweight.

Question: What is another name for an elevator shaft?


Answer: steam and water hydraulic pistons or by hand

Question: Elevator drive mechanisms have, in the past been, powered by what?


Answer: a counterweight

Question: What is the weight of the elevator cage balanced by?


Answer: their cars always move synchronously in opposite directions,

Question: How do elevators built in pairs work?


Answer: have two panels that meet in the middle, and slide open laterally

Context: Elevator doors protect riders from falling into the shaft. The most common configuration is to have two panels that meet in the middle, and slide open laterally. In a cascading telescopic configuration (potentially allowing wider entryways within limited space), the doors roll on independent tracks so that while open, they are tucked behind one another, and while closed, they form cascading layers on one side. This can be configured so that two sets of such cascading doors operate like the center opening doors described above, allowing for a very wide elevator cab. In less expensive installations the elevator can also use one large "slab" door: a single panel door the width of the doorway that opens to the left or right laterally. Some buildings have elevators with the single door on the shaft way, and double cascading doors on the cab.

Question: How do most elevator doors work?


Answer: "slab" door

Question: What is a single panel door referred to as?


Answer: a cascading telescopic configuration

Question: What design allows wider entryways within limited space?


Answer: on the shaft way

Question: The single door is sometimes located where?


Answer: falling into the shaft

Question: What do elevator doors protect riders from?


Answer: AC motors

Context: Historically, AC motors were used for single or double speed elevator machines on the grounds of cost and lower usage applications where car speed and passenger comfort were less of an issue, but for higher speed, larger capacity elevators, the need for infinitely variable speed control over the traction machine becomes an issue. Therefore, DC machines powered by an AC/DC motor generator were the preferred solution. The MG set also typically powered the relay controller of the elevator, which has the added advantage of electrically isolating the elevators from the rest of a building's electrical system, thus eliminating the transient power spikes in the building's electrical supply caused by the motors starting and stopping (causing lighting to dim every time the elevators are used for example), as well as interference to other electrical equipment caused by the arcing of the relay contactors in the control system.

Question: Throughout history, what type of engines were used for elevator machines?


Answer: cost and lower usage applications where car speed and passenger comfort were less of an issue

Question: Why were AC motors used?


Answer: the need for infinitely variable speed control over the traction machine

Question: What problem arises for fast and large capacity elevators?


Answer: MG set

Question: Generally, what powered the relay contoller?


Answer: electrically isolating the elevators from the rest of a building's electrical system

Question: What is a known advantage of the MG set?


Answer: directly attached to the end of the motor

Context: Gearless traction machines are low-speed (low-RPM), high-torque electric motors powered either by AC or DC. In this case, the drive sheave is directly attached to the end of the motor. Gearless traction elevators can reach speeds of up to 20 m/s (4,000 ft/min), A brake is mounted between the motor and gearbox or between the motor and drive sheave or at the end of the drive sheave to hold the elevator stationary at a floor. This brake is usually an external drum type and is actuated by spring force and held open electrically; a power failure will cause the brake to engage and prevent the elevator from falling (see inherent safety and safety engineering). But it can also be some form of disc type like 1 or more calipers over a disc in one end of the motor shaft or drive sheave which is used in high speed, high rise and large capacity elevators with machine rooms(an exception is the Kone MonoSpace's EcoDisc which is not high speed, high rise and large capacity and is machine room less but it uses the same design as is a thinner version of a conventional gearless traction machine) for breaking power, compactness and redundancy(assuming there's at least 2 calipers on the disc), or 1 or more disc brakes with a single caliper at one end of the motor shaft or drive sheave which is used in machine room less elevators for compactness, breaking power, and redundancy(assuming there's 2 brakes or more).

Question: In a gearless traction engine, what is the drive sheave attached to?


Answer: 20 m/s (4,000 ft/min)

Question: What speed is a gearless traction elevator capable of attaining?


Answer: spring force

Question: What motivates an external drum brake held open electrically?


Answer: Kone MonoSpace's EcoDisc

Question: One exception that is not high speed high rise and large capacity is what?


Answer: cables are attached to a hitch plate on top of the cab

Context: In each case, cables are attached to a hitch plate on top of the cab or may be "underslung" below a cab, and then looped over the drive sheave to a counterweight attached to the opposite end of the cables which reduces the amount of power needed to move the cab. The counterweight is located in the hoist-way and rides a separate railway system; as the car goes up, the counterweight goes down, and vice versa. This action is powered by the traction machine which is directed by the controller, typically a relay logic or computerized device that directs starting, acceleration, deceleration and stopping of the elevator cab. The weight of the counterweight is typically equal to the weight of the elevator cab plus 40-50% of the capacity of the elevator. The grooves in the drive sheave are specially designed to prevent the cables from slipping. "Traction" is provided to the ropes by the grip of the grooves in the sheave, thereby the name. As the ropes age and the traction grooves wear, some traction is lost and the ropes must be replaced and the sheave repaired or replaced. Sheave and rope wear may be significantly reduced by ensuring that all ropes have equal tension, thus sharing the load evenly. Rope tension equalization may be achieved using a rope tension gauge, and is a simple way to extend the lifetime of the sheaves and ropes.

Question: What reduces the amount of force needed to propel the cab?


Answer: in the hoist-way

Question: Where will the counterweight be found?


Answer: the controller

Question: What guides the traction machine?


Answer: 40-50%

Question: The counterweight runs equal to the cab weight plus what percentage of the elevator capacity?


Answer: Sheave and rope wear

Question: Maintaining that the ropes all have equal tension may reduce what?


Answer: Elevators with more than 30 m (98 ft) of travel

Context: Elevators with more than 30 m (98 ft) of travel have a system called compensation. This is a separate set of cables or a chain attached to the bottom of the counterweight and the bottom of the elevator cab. This makes it easier to control the elevator, as it compensates for the differing weight of cable between the hoist and the cab. If the elevator cab is at the top of the hoist-way, there is a short length of hoist cable above the car and a long length of compensating cable below the car and vice versa for the counterweight. If the compensation system uses cables, there will be an additional sheave in the pit below the elevator, to guide the cables. If the compensation system uses chains, the chain is guided by a bar mounted between the counterweight railway lines.

Question: "Compensation" is the name of the system used for what type of elevators?


Answer: a separate set of cables or a chain attached to the bottom of the counterweight and the bottom of the elevator cab

Question: "Compensation" consists of what?


Answer: a bar mounted between the counterweight railway lines

Question: What is the chain guided by in a compensation system that uses chains?


Answer: the differing weight of cable between the hoist and the cab

Question: What exactly does this system compensate for?


Answer: low rise, low traffic installations

Context: The low mechanical complexity of hydraulic elevators in comparison to traction elevators makes them ideal for low rise, low traffic installations. They are less energy efficient as the pump works against gravity to push the car and its passengers upwards; this energy is lost when the car descends on its own weight. The high current draw of the pump when starting up also places higher demands on a building’s electrical system. There are also environmental concerns should the lifting cylinder leak fluid into the ground.

Question: What type of installations are hydraulic elevators best suited for?


Answer: the pump works against gravity to push the car and its passengers upwards; this energy is lost when the car descends on its own weight

Question: Why do hydraulic elevators use more energy?


Answer: The high current draw of the pump when starting up

Question: What else contributes to a higher demand from the electrical system?


Answer: environmental concerns

Question: What concerns arise when the lifting cylinder leaks fluid into the ground?


Answer: a self-ascending elevator with its own propulsion

Context: A climbing elevator is a self-ascending elevator with its own propulsion. The propulsion can be done by an electric or a combustion engine. Climbing elevators are used in guyed masts or towers, in order to make easy access to parts of these constructions, such as flight safety lamps for maintenance. An example would be the Moonlight towers in Austin, Texas, where the elevator holds only one person and equipment for maintenance. The Glasgow Tower — an observation tower in Glasgow, Scotland — also makes use of two climbing elevators.

Question: What defines a climbing elevator?


Answer: guyed masts or towers

Question: What settings are climbing elevators used in?


Answer: an observation tower in Glasgow, Scotland

Question: What is the Glasgow Tower?


Answer: by an electric or a combustion engine

Question: How is the propulsion powered in a climbing elevator?


Answer: a vacuum on top of the cab and a valve on the top of the "shaft"

Context: A elevator of this kind uses a vacuum on top of the cab and a valve on the top of the "shaft" to move the cab upwards and closes the valve in order to keep the cab at the same level. a diaphragm or a piston is used as a "brake" if there's a sudden increase in pressure avove the cab. however, to go down, it opens the valve so that the air can pressurize the top of the "shaft", allowing the cab to go down by its own weight. this also means that in case of a power failure, the cab will automatically go down. the "shaft" is made of acrilic, is always round, due to the shape of the vacuum pump turbine. in order to keep the air inside of the cab, rubber seals are used. due to technical limitations, these elevators have a low capacity. they usually allow 1-3 passengers and up to 525 lbs.

Question: What does this type of elevator use to propel the cage?


Answer: a diaphragm or a piston

Question: For sudden surges in pressure above the cab, what is used as a "brake"?


Answer: it opens the valve so that the air can pressurize the top of the "shaft"

Question: How does it enable the cab to go down by it's own weight?


Answer: acrilic

Question: What is the shaft made of?


Answer: up to 525 lbs

Question: How much weight is permitted on a low capacity elevator?


Answer: automatic positioning of the floor on which the cab would stop

Context: In the first half of the twentieth century, almost all elevators had no automatic positioning of the floor on which the cab would stop. Some of the older freight elevators were controlled by switches operated by pulling on adjacent ropes. In general, most elevators before WWII were manually controlled by elevator operators using a rheostat connected to the motor. This rheostat (see picture) was enclosed within a cylindrical container about the size and shape of a cake. This was mounted upright or sideways on the cab wall and operated via a projecting handle, which was able to slide around the top half of the cylinder.

Question: Until the mid 1900s most elevators lacked what?


Answer: by elevator operators using a rheostat connected to the motor

Question: How were most elevators built before 1939 powered?


Answer: switches operated by pulling on adjacent ropes

Question: Many earlier built freight elevators were controlled by what?


Answer: a cake

Question: A rheostat is the size and shape of what?


Answer: upright or sideways on the cab wall

Question: Where was the rheostat mounted?


Answer: at the top of the shaft or beside the bottom of the shaft

Context: The elevator motor was located at the top of the shaft or beside the bottom of the shaft. Pushing the handle forward would cause the cab to rise; backwards would make it sink. The harder the pressure, the faster the elevator would move. The handle also served as a dead man switch: if the operator let go of the handle, it would return to its upright position, causing the elevator cab to stop. In time, safety interlocks would ensure that the inner and outer doors were closed before the elevator was allowed to move.

Question: Where is the elevator motor found?


Answer: to rise

Question: Moving the helve forward causes the cab to do what?


Answer: the faster the elevator would move

Question: The more pressure applied to the handle caused what?


Answer: if the operator let go of the handle, it would return to its upright position, causing the elevator cab to stop

Question: Why was the handle considered a "dead man switch"?


Answer: that the inner and outer doors were closed before the elevator was allowed to move

Question: Eventually safety locks were used to guarantee what?


Answer: a passenger registers their floor calls before entering the car

Context: Some skyscraper buildings and other types of installation feature a destination operating panel where a passenger registers their floor calls before entering the car. The system lets them know which car to wait for, instead of everyone boarding the next car. In this way, travel time is reduced as the elevator makes fewer stops for individual passengers, and the computer distributes adjacent stops to different cars in the bank. Although travel time is reduced, passenger waiting times may be longer as they will not necessarily be allocated the next car to depart. During the down peak period the benefit of destination control will be limited as passengers have a common destination.

Question: What function does a "destination operating panel" feature?


Answer: the computer distributes adjacent stops to different cars in the bank

Question: What is another benefit of a "destination operating panel"?


Answer: travel time is reduced as the elevator makes fewer stops for individual passengers

Question: What is one benefit of a "destination operating panel"


Answer: passenger waiting times may be longer as they will not necessarily be allocated the next car to depart

Question: What is the downside to a :destination operating panel"?


Answer: the system is subject to gaming

Context: However, performance enhancements cannot be generalized as the benefits and limitations of the system are dependent on many factors. One problem is that the system is subject to gaming. Sometimes, one person enters the destination for a large group of people going to the same floor. The dispatching algorithm is usually unable to completely cater for the variation, and latecomers may find the elevator they are assigned to is already full. Also, occasionally, one person may press the floor multiple times. This is common with up/down buttons when people believe this to be an effective way to hurry elevators. However, this will make the computer think multiple people are waiting and will allocate empty cars to serve this one person.

Question: What is one example of a limitation on the system?


Answer: The dispatching algorithm

Question: What is generally unable to support variations in the number of people for a particular destination?


Answer: people believe this to be an effective way to hurry elevators

Question: For what reason do people repeatedly push the up/down buttons on a panel?


Answer: this will make the computer think multiple people are waiting and will allocate empty cars to serve this one person

Question: Why is this a bad practice?


Answer: every user gets an RFID card to identify himself

Context: To prevent this problem, in one implementation of destination control, every user gets an RFID card to identify himself, so the system knows every user call and can cancel the first call if the passenger decides to travel to another destination to prevent empty calls. The newest invention knows even where people are located and how many on which floor because of their identification, either for the purposes of evacuating the building or for security reasons. Another way to prevent this issue is to treat everyone travelling from one floor to another as one group and to allocate only one car for that group.

Question: What is one way to implement destination control?


Answer: the system knows every user call and can cancel the first call if the passenger decides to travel to another destination to prevent empty calls

Question: How does this help the system?


Answer: either for the purposes of evacuating the building or for security reasons

Question: Newer systems know where and how many people are at a location for what reasons?


Answer: moderate incoming traffic

Context: During up-peak mode (also called moderate incoming traffic), elevator cars in a group are recalled to the lobby to provide expeditious service to passengers arriving at the building, most typically in the morning as people arrive for work or at the conclusion of a lunch-time period. Elevators are dispatched one-by-one when they reach a pre-determined passenger load, or when they have had their doors opened for a certain period of time. The next elevator to be dispatched usually has its hall lantern or a "this car leaving next" sign illuminated to encourage passengers to make maximum use of the available elevator system capacity. Some elevator banks are programmed so that at least one car will always return to the lobby floor and park whenever it becomes free.

Question: What is another name for up-peak mode?


Answer: most typically in the morning

Question: Generally, up-peak mode takes place during what times of the day?


Answer: people arrive for work or at the conclusion of a lunch-time period

Question: What are the reasons for up-peak mode early in the day?


Answer: when they reach a pre-determined passenger load, or when they have had their doors opened for a certain period of time

Question: For what reasons are elevators routed one-by-one?


Answer: to encourage passengers to make maximum use of the available elevator system capacity

Question: Why is a "this car leaving next" sign used?


Answer: by a key switch either inside the elevator itself or on a centralized control panel in the lobby

Context: Independent service is a special service mode found on most elevators. It is activated by a key switch either inside the elevator itself or on a centralized control panel in the lobby. When an elevator is placed on independent service, it will no longer respond to hall calls. (In a bank of elevators, traffic is rerouted to the other elevators, while in a single elevator, the hall buttons are disabled). The elevator will remain parked on a floor with its doors open until a floor is selected and the door close button is held until the elevator starts to travel. Independent service is useful when transporting large goods or moving groups of people between certain floors.

Question: How is the special sercice mode enabled?


Answer: it will no longer respond to hall calls

Question: What is the impact on an elevator set to independant service mode?


Answer: when transporting large goods or moving groups of people between certain floors

Question: At what times is Independant service best utilized?


Answer: the hall buttons are disabled

Question: During independant service mode how is a single cab in a hall kept from being used?


Answer: qualified elevator mechanics

Context: Inspection service is designed to provide access to the hoistway and car top for inspection and maintenance purposes by qualified elevator mechanics. It is first activated by a key switch on the car operating panel usually labeled 'Inspection', 'Car Top', 'Access Enable' or 'HWENAB'. When this switch is activated the elevator will come to a stop if moving, car calls will be canceled (and the buttons disabled), and hall calls will be assigned to other elevator cars in the group (or canceled in a single elevator configuration). The elevator can now only be moved by the corresponding 'Access' key switches, usually located at the highest (to access the top of the car) and lowest (to access the elevator pit) landings. The access key switches will allow the car to move at reduced inspection speed with the hoistway door open. This speed can range from anywhere up to 60% of normal operating speed on most controllers, and is usually defined by local safety codes.

Question: Who is authorized to provide inspection and/or maintenance of the elevator?


Answer: to provide access to the hoistway and car top for inspection and maintenance

Question: What is the purpose of the Inspection service?


Answer: a key switch on the car operating panel usually labeled 'Inspection', 'Car Top', 'Access Enable' or 'HWENAB

Question: What action initiates it's activation?


Answer: the elevator will come to a stop if moving

Question: WWhat's the first thing to happen when the switch is activated?


Answer: The elevator can now only be moved by the corresponding 'Access' key switches

Question: Once activatated, what is the only way to deactivate it?


Answer: a corresponding smoke sensor or heat sensor in the building

Context: Phase one mode is activated by a corresponding smoke sensor or heat sensor in the building. Once an alarm has been activated, the elevator will automatically go into phase one. The elevator will wait an amount of time, then proceed to go into nudging mode to tell everyone the elevator is leaving the floor. Once the elevator has left the floor, depending on where the alarm was set off, the elevator will go to the fire-recall floor. However, if the alarm was activated on the fire-recall floor, the elevator will have an alternate floor to recall to. When the elevator is recalled, it proceeds to the recall floor and stops with its doors open. The elevator will no longer respond to calls or move in any direction. Located on the fire-recall floor is a fire-service key switch. The fire-service key switch has the ability to turn fire service off, turn fire service on or to bypass fire service. The only way to return the elevator to normal service is to switch it to bypass after the alarms have reset.

Question: What initiates Phase one mode?


Answer: The elevator will wait an amount of time, then proceed to go into nudging mode to tell everyone the elevator is leaving the floor

Question: What happens when an elevator goes into Phase one mode?


Answer: the elevator will go to the fire-recall floor

Question: Where does the elevator go from there?


Answer: The only way to return the elevator to normal service is to switch it to bypass after the alarms have reset

Question: How is the elevator enabled for service after the incident?


Answer: the elevator will have an alternate floor to recall to

Question: What happens if the mode is activated on the fire-recall floor?


Answer: Phase-two mode can only be activated by a key switch located inside the elevator on the centralized control panel

Context: Phase-two mode can only be activated by a key switch located inside the elevator on the centralized control panel. This mode was created for firefighters so that they may rescue people from a burning building. The phase-two key switch located on the COP has three positions: off, on, and hold. By turning phase two on, the firefighter enables the car to move. However, like independent-service mode, the car will not respond to a car call unless the firefighter manually pushes and holds the door close button. Once the elevator gets to the desired floor it will not open its doors unless the firefighter holds the door open button. This is in case the floor is burning and the firefighter can feel the heat and knows not to open the door. The firefighter must hold door open until the door is completely opened. If for any reason the firefighter wishes to leave the elevator, they will use the hold position on the key switch to make sure the elevator remains at that floor. If the firefighter wishes to return to the recall floor, they simply turn the key off and close the doors.

Question: How is the Phase-two mode enabled?


Answer: manually pushes and holds the door close button

Question: What actions must a firefighter take to activate Phase-two mode?


Answer: enables the car to move

Question: What does Phase-two do?


Answer: This mode was created for firefighters so that they may rescue people from a burning building

Question: What is the purpose of the Phase-two mode?


Answer: on the COP

Question: Where is the Phase-two key switch to be found?


Answer: it will park with its doors open and the car buttons will be disabled to prevent a passenger from taking control of the elevator

Context: Once the elevator arrives at the floor, it will park with its doors open and the car buttons will be disabled to prevent a passenger from taking control of the elevator. Medical personnel must then activate the code-blue key switch inside the car, select their floor and close the doors with the door close button. The elevator will then travel non-stop to the selected floor, and will remain in code-blue service until switched off in the car. Some hospital elevators will feature a 'hold' position on the code-blue key switch (similar to fire service) which allows the elevator to remain at a floor locked out of service until code blue is deactivated.

Question: Upon arriving at the desinated floor, what does the elevator do?


Answer: Medical personnel must then activate the code-blue key switch inside the car, select their floor and close the doors with the door close button

Question: What steps do medical personnel take at that point?


Answer: The elevator will then travel non-stop to the selected floor

Question: Where then does the elevator go?


Answer: will remain in code-blue service until switched off in the car

Question: Once it arrives what does the elevator do


Answer: allows the elevator to remain at a floor locked out of service until code blue is deactivated

Question: What does the hold feature do?


Answer: One by one, each car in the group will return to the lobby floor, open its doors and shut down

Context: When power is lost in a traction elevator system, all elevators will initially come to a halt. One by one, each car in the group will return to the lobby floor, open its doors and shut down. People in the remaining elevators may see an indicator light or hear a voice announcement informing them that the elevator will return to the lobby shortly. Once all cars have successfully returned, the system will then automatically select one or more cars to be used for normal operations and these cars will return to service. The car(s) selected to run under emergency power can be manually overridden by a key or strip switch in the lobby. In order to help prevent entrapment, when the system detects that it is running low on power, it will bring the running cars to the lobby or nearest floor, open the doors and shut down.

Question: What sequence of events happens when the power shuts off in a traction elevator and the elevators all stop?


Answer: People in the remaining elevators may see an indicator light or hear a voice announcement informing them that the elevator will return to the lobby shortly

Question: What do any passengers experience at this point?


Answer: the system will then automatically select one or more cars to be used for normal operations and these cars will return to service

Question: After all cars go to the lobby, what is the next step?


Answer: The car(s) selected to run under emergency power can be manually overridden by a key or strip switch in the lobby

Question: How are the selected cars then readied for passengers?


Answer: when the system detects that it is running low on power, it will bring the running cars to the lobby or nearest floor, open the doors and shut down

Question: What is a safety feature to prevent entrapment?


Answer: emergency power will lower the elevators to the lowest landing and open the doors to allow passengers to exit

Context: In hydraulic elevator systems, emergency power will lower the elevators to the lowest landing and open the doors to allow passengers to exit. The doors then close after an adjustable time period and the car remains unusable until reset, usually by cycling the elevator main power switch. Typically, due to the high current draw when starting the pump motor, hydraulic elevators are not run using standard emergency power systems. Buildings like hospitals and nursing homes usually size their emergency generators to accommodate this draw. However, the increasing use of current-limiting motor starters, commonly known as "soft-start" contactors, avoid much of this problem, and the current draw of the pump motor is less of a limiting concern.

Question: How do hydraulic elevators work in emergencies?


Answer: The doors then close after an adjustable time period and the car remains unusable until reset, usually by cycling the elevator main power switch

Question: Once the passengers have exited, what happens?


Answer: due to the high current draw when starting the pump motor

Question: For what reason are hydraulic elevators not powered by the standard emergency system?


Answer: "soft-start" contactors

Question: What are current-limiting motor starters referred to as?


Answer: cable-borne elevators

Context: Statistically speaking, cable-borne elevators are extremely safe. Their safety record is unsurpassed by any other vehicle system. In 1998, it was estimated that approximately eight millionths of one percent (1 in 12 million) of elevator rides result in an anomaly, and the vast majority of these were minor things such as the doors failing to open. Of the 20 to 30 elevator-related deaths each year, most of them are maintenance-related — for example, technicians leaning too far into the shaft or getting caught between moving parts, and most of the rest are attributed to other kinds of accidents, such as people stepping blindly through doors that open into empty shafts or being strangled by scarves caught in the doors. In fact, prior to the September 11th terrorist attacks, the only known free-fall incident in a modern cable-borne elevator happened in 1945 when a B-25 bomber struck the Empire State Building in fog, severing the cables of an elevator cab, which fell from the 75th floor all the way to the bottom of the building, seriously injuring (though not killing) the sole occupant — the elevator operator. However, there was an incident in 2007 at a Seattle children's hospital, where a ThyssenKrupp ISIS machine-room-less elevator free-fell until the safety brakes were engaged. This was due to a flaw in the design where the cables were connected at one common point, and the kevlar ropes had a tendency to overheat and cause slipping (or, in this case, a free-fall). While it is possible (though extraordinarily unlikely) for an elevator's cable to snap, all elevators in the modern era have been fitted with several safety devices which prevent the elevator from simply free-falling and crashing. An elevator cab is typically borne by 2 to 6 (up to 12 or more in high rise installations) hoist cables or belts, each of which is capable on its own of supporting the full load of the elevator plus twenty-five percent more weight. In addition, there is a device which detects whether the elevator is descending faster than its maximum designed speed; if this happens, the device causes copper (or silicon nitride in high rise installations) brake shoes to clamp down along the vertical rails in the shaft, stopping the elevator quickly, but not so abruptly as to cause injury. This device is called the governor, and was invented by Elisha Graves Otis. In addition, a oil/hydraulic or spring or polyurethane or telescopic oil/hydraulic buffer or a combination (depending on the travel height and travel speed) is installed at the bottom of the shaft (or in the bottom of the cab and sometimes also in the top of the cab or shaft) to somewhat cushion any impact. However, In Thailand, in November 2012, a woman was killed in free falling elevator, in what was reported as the "first legally recognised death caused by a falling lift".

Question: What types of elevator hold the highest safety record?


Answer: eight millionths of one percent (1 in 12 million) of elevator rides

Question: In the late nineties, what was considered the rate of cable-borne elevator problems?


Answer: minor things such as the doors failing to open

Question: What was the severity of the majority of elevator failures recorded?


Answer: technicians leaning too far into the shaft or getting caught between moving parts

Question: What is an example of a maintenance-related elevator death?


Answer: 1945 when a B-25 bomber struck the Empire State Building

Question: Before the Twin Towers attack in 2001 , what was the only reported freefall accident attributed to a modern cable-borne elevator?


Answer: the cylinder and bulkhead

Context: Past problems with hydraulic elevators include underground electrolytic destruction of the cylinder and bulkhead, pipe failures, and control failures. Single bulkhead cylinders, typically built prior to a 1972 ASME A17.1 Elevator Safety Code change requiring a second dished bulkhead, were subject to possible catastrophic failure. The code previously permitted only single-bottom hydraulic cylinders. In the event of a cylinder breach, the fluid loss results in uncontrolled down movement of the elevator. This creates two significant hazards: being subject to an impact at the bottom when the elevator stops suddenly and being in the entrance for a potential shear if the rider is partly in the elevator. Because it is impossible to verify the system at all times, the code requires periodic testing of the pressure capability. Another solution to protect against a cylinder blowout is to install a plunger gripping device. One commercially available is known by the marketing name "LifeJacket". This is a device which, in the event of an uncontrolled downward acceleration, nondestructively grips the plunger and stops the car. A device known as an overspeed or rupture valve is attached to the hydraulic inlet/outlet of the cylinder and is adjusted for a maximum flow rate. If a pipe or hose were to break (rupture), the flow rate of the rupture valve will surpass a set limit and mechanically stop the outlet flow of hydraulic fluid, thus stopping the plunger and the car in the down direction.

Question: Underground electrolytic malfunctions in hydraulic elevators can result in the destruction of what?


Answer: 1972 ASME A17.1

Question: What Elevator Safety Code change required a second dished bulkhead?


Answer: single-bottom

Question: Before the code change was enacted what was the only permitted hydraulic cylinder type?


Answer: uncontrolled down movement of the elevator

Question: Once the cylinder is breached, what calamity does the loss of fluid cause?


Answer: periodic testing of the pressure capability

Question: What testing does the code require?


Answer: elevator rails

Context: Safety testing of mine shaft elevator rails is routinely undertaken. The method involves destructive testing of a segment of the cable. The ends of the segment are frayed, then set in conical zinc molds. Each end of the segment is then secured in a large, hydraulic stretching machine. The segment is then placed under increasing load to the point of failure. Data about elasticity, load, and other factors is compiled and a report is produced. The report is then analyzed to determine whether or not the entire rail is safe to use.

Question: What part of the mine shaft requires routine testing?


Answer: The ends of the segment are frayed, then set in conical zinc molds

Question: What is the first step in destructive testing?


Answer: hydraulic stretching machine

Question: Afterwards, what type of machine is the segment secured in?


Answer: destructive testing

Question: What type of testing is done to the an area of the cable?


Answer: Data about elasticity, load, and other factors is compiled

Question: What types of information are collected in the process?


Answer: the available floor space

Context: Passenger elevators capacity is related to the available floor space. Generally passenger elevators are available in capacities from 500 to 2,700 kg (1,000–6,000 lb) in 230 kg (500 lb) increments.[citation needed] Generally passenger elevators in buildings of eight floors or fewer are hydraulic or electric, which can reach speeds up to 1 m/s (200 ft/min) hydraulic and up to 152 m/min (500 ft/min) electric. In buildings up to ten floors, electric and gearless elevators are likely to have speeds up to 3 m/s (500 ft/min), and above ten floors speeds range 3 to 10 m/s (500–2,000 ft/min).[citation needed]

Question: What dictates passenger elevator capacities?


Answer: from 500 to 2,700 kg (1,000–6,000 lb) in 230 kg (500 lb) increments

Question: What capacities are passenger elevators availablee in?


Answer: hydraulic or electric

Question: What types of passenger elevators are installed in structures of up to eight floors?


Answer: 200

Question: Hydraulic elevators can reach speeds up to 1m/s or how many feet per minute?


Answer: 500

Question: Electric elevators can reach speeds up to 3 m/s or how many feet per minute?


Answer: funiculars

Context: Sometimes passenger elevators are used as a city transport along with funiculars. For example, there is a 3-station underground public elevator in Yalta, Ukraine, which takes passengers from the top of a hill above the Black Sea on which hotels are perched, to a tunnel located on the beach below. At Casco Viejo station in the Bilbao Metro, the elevator that provides access to the station from a hilltop neighborhood doubles as city transportation: the station's ticket barriers are set up in such a way that passengers can pay to reach the elevator from the entrance in the lower city, or vice versa. See also the Elevators for urban transport section.

Question: Passenger elevators, used in city transport share similarities to what other ascending and descending vehicles counterbalancing each other?


Answer: underground public elevator

Question: What type of public elevator in Yalta, Ukraine, transport passengers from a hill above the Black Sea to a tunnel down on the beach?


Answer: city transportation

Question: The elevator located at the Casco Viejo station in the Bilbao Metro is also used for what?


Answer: ticket barriers are set up in such a way that passengers can pay to reach the elevator from the entrance in the lower city, or vice versa

Question: How is that set up?


Answer: goods lift

Context: A freight elevator, or goods lift, is an elevator designed to carry goods, rather than passengers. Freight elevators are generally required to display a written notice in the car that the use by passengers is prohibited (though not necessarily illegal), though certain freight elevators allow dual use through the use of an inconspicuous riser. In order for an elevator to be legal to carry passengers in some jurisdictions it must have a solid inner door. Freight elevators are typically larger and capable of carrying heavier loads than a passenger elevator, generally from 2,300 to 4,500 kg. Freight elevators may have manually operated doors, and often have rugged interior finishes to prevent damage while loading and unloading. Although hydraulic freight elevators exist, electric elevators are more energy efficient for the work of freight lifting.[citation needed]

Question: What is another name for a freight elevator?


Answer: a written notice in the car that the use by passengers is prohibited

Question: What type of notice is required to be visible in most freight elevators?


Answer: an inconspicuous riser

Question: Some freight elevators allow transport of both freight and passengers by using what?


Answer: Freight elevators are typically larger and capable of carrying heavier loads than a passenger elevator

Question: How do freight elevators differ from passenger elevators?


Answer: electric elevators

Question: What type of elevator is better suited for carrying freight?


Answer: by hydraulics

Context: Stage lifts and orchestra lifts are specialized elevators, typically powered by hydraulics, that are used to raise and lower entire sections of a theater stage. For example, Radio City Music Hall has four such elevators: an orchestra lift that covers a large area of the stage, and three smaller lifts near the rear of the stage. In this case, the orchestra lift is powerful enough to raise an entire orchestra, or an entire cast of performers (including live elephants) up to stage level from below. There's a barrel on the background of the image of the left which can be used as a scale to represent the size of the mechanism

Question: How are stage lifts powered?


Answer: four

Question: How many hydraulic elevators are there at Radio City Music Hall?


Answer: to raise an entire orchestra, or an entire cast of performers (including live elephants) up to stage level from below

Question: What is an orchestra lift used for?


Answer: a barrel

Question: What is on the background of the image which can be used as a scale to represent the size of the mechanism?


Answer: residential

Context: A residential elevator is often permitted to be of lower cost and complexity than full commercial elevators. They may have unique design characteristics suited for home furnishings, such as hinged wooden shaft-access doors rather than the typical metal sliding doors of commercial elevators. Construction may be less robust than in commercial designs with shorter maintenance periods, but safety systems such as locks on shaft access doors, fall arrestors, and emergency phones must still be present in the event of malfunction.

Question: What type of elevators are generally less costly than full commercial elevators?


Answer: metal sliding

Question: What type of doors do commercial elevators use?


Answer: locks on shaft access doors, fall arrestors, and emergency phones

Question: What safety mechanisms are still required, despite lower design costs?


Answer: residential

Question: What type of elevator has a hinged wooden shaft-access door?


Answer: residential

Context: Some types of residential elevators do not use a traditional elevator shaft, machine room, and elevator hoistway. This allows an elevator to be installed where a traditional elevator may not fit, and simplifies installation. The ASME board first approved machine-room-less systems in a revision of the ASME A17.1 in 2007. Machine-room-less elevators have been available commercially since the mid 1990s, however cost and overall size prevented their adoption to the residential elevator market until around 2010.

Question: What types of elevators occassionaly do not use a traditional elevator shaft, machine room or hoistway?


Answer: 2007

Question: In what year were Machine-room-less elevators first allowed?


Answer: the ASME A17.1

Question: This decision reflected a revision of what?


Answer: allows an elevator to be installed where a traditional elevator may not fit, and simplifies installation

Question: What benefits does this serve?


Answer: Dumbwaiters

Context: Dumbwaiters are small freight elevators that are intended to carry food, books or other small freight loads rather than passengers. They often connect kitchens to rooms on other floors. they usually do not have the same safety features found in passenger elevators, like various ropes for redundancy. they have a lower capacity, and they can be up to 1 meter (3 ft.) tall. there's a control panel at every stop, that mimics the ones found in passenger elevators, like calling, door control, floor selection.

Question: What are small freight elevators used for things such as food, called?


Answer: They often connect kitchens to rooms on other floors

Question: What rooms are dumbwaiters frequently used in?


Answer: various ropes for redundancy

Question: What is a safety feature found in passenger elevators they generally do not have?


Answer: they can be up to 1 meter (3 ft.) tall

Question: What is the height restriction on dumbwaiters?


Answer: calling, door control, floor selection

Question: What features do they have that mimic passenger elevators?


Answer: ensure that the material moves forward

Context: Material transport elevators generally consist of an inclined plane on which a conveyor belt runs. The conveyor often includes partitions to ensure that the material moves forward. These elevators are often used in industrial and agricultural applications. When such mechanisms (or spiral screws or pneumatic transport) are used to elevate grain for storage in large vertical silos, the entire structure is called a grain elevator. Belt elevators are often used in docks for loading loose materials such as coal, iron ore and grain into the holds of bulk carriers

Question: What do the partians do on the conveyor?


Answer: Material transport elevators

Question: An inclined plane with a conveyor belt describes what type of elevator?


Answer: industrial and agricultural applications

Question: What industries are these types of elevators generally used in?


Answer: to elevate grain for storage in large vertical silos

Question: What are spiral screws used for?


Answer: Belt elevators

Question: What type of elevators are used for loading loose materials into bulk carriers?


Answer: social protocols

Context: Elevators necessitated new social protocols. When Nicholas II of Russia visited the Hotel Adlon in Berlin, his courtiers panicked about who would enter the elevator first, and who would press the buttons. In Lifted: A Cultural History of the Elevator, author Andreas Bernard documents other social impacts caused by the modern elevator, including thriller movies about stuck elevators, casual encounters and sexual tension on elevators, the reduction of personal space, and concerns about personal hygiene.

Question: The invention of elevators brought with it questions of social etiquette and formalities, generally referred to as what?


Answer: Berlin

Question: The last tsar of Russia, Nicholas ll encountered his first elevator at the Hotel Adloin in what city?


Answer: press the buttons

Question: This caused a stir in deciding who should enter first and who should do what?


Answer: Lifted: A Cultural History of the Elevator

Question: Andreas Bernard wrote about the social aspects of the new elevators in what book?


Answer: LED

Context: In addition to the call buttons, elevators usually have floor indicators (often illuminated by LED) and direction lanterns. The former are almost universal in cab interiors with more than two stops and may be found outside the elevators as well on one or more of the floors. Floor indicators can consist of a dial with a rotating needle, but the most common types are those with successively illuminated floor indications or LCDs. Likewise, a change of floors or an arrival at a floor is indicated by a sound, depending on the elevator.

Question: Modern elevator position or floor indicaters often use what type of bulbs?


Answer: direction lanterns

Question: What type of lanterns are used outside elevators as well as inside most cabs?


Answer: successively illuminated floor indications or LCDs

Question: What do floor indicaters often consist of?


Answer: a sound

Question: What generally indicates the arrival of the elevator at a new floor?