lmqg/qg_squad huggingface dataset:
The Vikings established Danelaw over much of the eastern and northern part of England with its boundary roughly stretching from London to Chester. It was an area of political and geographical control imposed by the Viking incursions which was formally agreed to by the Danish warlord, Guthrum and west-Saxon king, Alfred the Great in 886 AD. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle recorded that London was "refounded" by Alfred the Great in 886. Archaeological research shows that this involved abandonment of Lundenwic and a revival of life and trade within the old Roman walls. London then grew slowly until about 950, after which activity increased dramatically.

Question: According to the Anglo-Saxon chronicle, who reestablished London in 886 AD?
Answer: Alfred the Great

Question: Danelaw, established by the Vikings, covered what geographical area?
Answer: London to Chester

Question: What was the name of the Danish warlord who played a major role in establishing Danelaw?
Answer: Guthrum

Question: Following the Viking invasion, when did London begin to significantly grow and expand?
Answer: about 950

Question: What was Danelaw?
Answer: political and geographical control imposed by the Viking incursions
Notably, a statute does not disappear automatically merely because it has been found unconstitutional; it must be deleted by a subsequent statute. Many federal and state statutes have remained on the books for decades after they were ruled to be unconstitutional. However, under the principle of stare decisis, no sensible lower court will enforce an unconstitutional statute, and any court that does so will be reversed by the Supreme Court. Conversely, any court that refuses to enforce a constitutional statute (where such constitutionality has been expressly established in prior cases) will risk reversal by the Supreme Court.

Question: In order for a unconstitutional statue to disappear, it has to be deleted by?
Answer: a subsequent statute

Question: What has remained on the books after they were ruled unconstitutional?
Answer: federal and state statutes

Question: What principle states no lower court will enforce an unconstitutional statue?
Answer: stare decisis

Question: Who can reverse an unconstitutional court ruling?
Answer: the Supreme Court

Question: What must happen to a statute for it to become unconstitutional?
Answer: it must be deleted

Question: What can delete a statute and make it unconstitutional?
Answer: a subsequent statute

Question: Some federal and state statutes remain on the books for how long after they are ruled unconstitutional?
Answer: decades

Question: What decisis states that no lower court will enforce an unconstitutional statute?
Answer: the principle of stare decisis

Question: Any court that enforces an unconstitutional statute will be overturned by what court?
Answer: the Supreme Court

Question: If a statute is unconstitutional, how is it removed?
Answer: deleted by a subsequent statute

Question: What happens when an unconstitutional statute remains on the books?
Answer: no sensible lower court will enforce

Question: What would happen if a lower court tried to enforce an unconstitutional statute?
Answer: reversed by the Supreme Court

Question: What must happen before the Supreme Court will reverse a decision by a lower court refusing to uphold a constitutional law?
Answer: constitutionality has been expressly established in prior cases

Question: What would happen if a lower court refused to uphold a constitutional law?
Answer: risk reversal by the Supreme Court
The actual substance of English law was formally "received" into the United States in several ways. First, all U.S. states except Louisiana have enacted "reception statutes" which generally state that the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state to the extent that it is not repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions. Some reception statutes impose a specific cutoff date for reception, such as the date of a colony's founding, while others are deliberately vague. Thus, contemporary U.S. courts often cite pre-Revolution cases when discussing the evolution of an ancient judge-made common law principle into its modern form, such as the heightened duty of care traditionally imposed upon common carriers.

Question: Reception statues are generally the same as what law?
Answer: the common law of England

Question: Who sites pre-revolution cases when discussion evolution of judge-made law?
Answer: contemporary U.S. courts

Question: Which US State did not enact reception statues?
Answer: Louisiana

Question: What do reception statutes state is the law of the state?
Answer: common law of England

Question: What is the only state to not enact reception statutes?
Answer: Louisiana

Question: Some reception statutes impose what?
Answer: a specific cutoff date

Question: Modern courts often cite which period in history cases when discussing changes in law?
Answer: pre-Revolution

Question: What are reception statutes?
Answer: the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state

Question: When are reception statutes invaild?
Answer: repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions

Question: Where did the bulk of the US's starting laws come from?
Answer: English law

Question: Which is the only stste without reception statutes?
Answer: Louisiana

Question: What kind of case would a contemporary lawyer discuss when talking about an ancient judge-made common law principle?
Answer: pre-Revolution
Myanmar (myan-MAR i/miɑːnˈmɑːr/ mee-ahn-MAR, /miˈɛnmɑːr/ mee-EN-mar or /maɪˈænmɑːr/ my-AN-mar (also with the stress on first syllable); Burmese pronunciation: [mjəmà]),[nb 1] officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand. One-third of Myanmar's total perimeter of 1,930 km (1,200 miles) forms an uninterrupted coastline along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2014 census revealed a much lower population than expected, with 51 million people recorded. Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi) in size. Its capital city is Naypyidaw and its largest city is Yangon (Rangoon).

Question: How much a Myanmar's boundaries are encompassed by beachfront lands?
Answer: (1,200 miles) forms an uninterrupted coastline

Question: How many people dwell in Myanmar ?
Answer: 51 million people recorded

Question: What is the land mass of Myanmar ?
Answer: Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi) in size

Question: Is the capital city the holder of the largest amount of the population in Myanmar ?
Answer: largest city is Yangon (Rangoon)

Question: What is the name of the capital city of Myanmar?
Answer: capital city is Naypyidaw
Early civilisations in Myanmar included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Burma and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Burma. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley and, following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell due to the Mongol invasions and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Taungoo Dynasty, the country was for a brief period the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia. The early 19th century Konbaung Dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well. The British conquered Myanmar after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century and the country became a British colony. Myanmar became an independent nation in 1948, initially as a democratic nation and then, following a coup d'état in 1962, a military dictatorship.

Question: What were the names of some of the early cultures located in Myanmar?
Answer: Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Burma and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Burma

Question: When did the dominant religion of Myanmar become something outside of the mainstream ?
Answer: in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country.

Question: What caused the downfall of the downfall of the the original kingdom in Myanmar?
Answer: The Pagan Kingdom fell due to the Mongol invasions and several warring states emerged

Question: Whose rule was Myanmar under when it was one of the most massive kingdoms in Southeast Asia ?
Answer: Taungoo Dynasty

Question: When did was Myanmar ruled by the Taungoo Dynasty ?
Answer: In the 16th century
With Burma preoccupied by the Chinese threat, Ayutthaya recovered its territories by 1770, and went on to capture Lan Na by 1776. Burma and Siam went to war until 1855, but all resulted in a stalemate, exchanging Tenasserim (to Burma) and Lan Na (to Ayutthaya). Faced with a powerful China and a resurgent Ayutthaya in the east, King Bodawpaya turned west, acquiring Arakan (1785), Manipur (1814) and Assam (1817). It was the second-largest empire in Burmese history but also one with a long ill-defined border with British India.

Question: What was the event called that caused Ayutthaya to reclaim lost territories ?
Answer: the Chinese threat

Question: In what year did Ayutthaya capture Lan Na ?
Answer: 1776.

Question: What country was Burma at war with with until 1855 ?
Answer: Arakan

Question: Who managed to eventually control the territory of Arakan
Answer: King Bodawpaya
Burmese resentment was strong and was vented in violent riots that paralysed Yangon (Rangoon) on occasion all the way until the 1930s. Some of the discontent was caused by a disrespect for Burmese culture and traditions such as the British refusal to remove shoes when they entered pagodas. Buddhist monks became the vanguards of the independence movement. U Wisara, an activist monk, died in prison after a 166-day hunger strike to protest against a rule that forbade him from wearing his Buddhist robes while imprisoned.

Question: have the Burmese people ever shown any reservations about the ruling government bodies?
Answer: Burmese resentment was strong and was vented in violent riots that paralysed Yangon (Rangoon) on occasion all the way until the 1930s.

Question: What were some of problems experienced with the colonialism of Burma by the British?
Answer: Some of the discontent was caused by a disrespect for Burmese culture and traditions

Question: How long was U Wisara on a strike were he refused subsistence ?
Answer: 166-day hunger strike

Question: Was U Wisara able to survive the protest?
Answer: died in prison after a 166-day hunger strike

Question: Why was U Wisara involved in a resistance movement of such extremes ?
Answer: to protest against a rule that forbade him from wearing his Buddhist robes while imprisoned.
In October 2012 the number of ongoing conflicts in Myanmar included the Kachin conflict, between the Pro-Christian Kachin Independence Army and the government; a civil war between the Rohingya Muslims, and the government and non-government groups in Rakhine State; and a conflict between the Shan, Lahu and Karen minority groups, and the government in the eastern half of the country. In addition al-Qaeda signalled an intention to become involved in Myanmar. In a video released 3 September 2014 mainly addressed to India, the militant group's leader Ayman al-Zawahiri said al-Qaeda had not forgotten the Muslims of Myanmar and that the group was doing "what they can to rescue you". In response, the military raised its level of alertness while the Burmese Muslim Association issued a statement saying Muslims would not tolerate any threat to their motherland.

Question: In 2012 what was the the disturbance with the government running smoothly ? Burma?
Answer: the number of ongoing conflicts in Myanmar

Question: Were any religious groups involved in the scrimmages ?
Answer: Pro-Christian Kachin Independence Army a

Question: Were any terrorist groups involved in the Burmese conflicts ?
Answer: al-Qaeda

Question: Does al-Qaeda believe that Muslims in Burma are in danger?
Answer: Ayman al-Zawahiri said al-Qaeda had not forgotten the Muslims of Myanmar and that the group was doing "what they can to rescue you".

Question: Did Muslims in Burma give a repose to statements made by al-Qaeda?
Answer: the Burmese Muslim Association issued a statement saying Muslims would not tolerate any threat to their motherland.
Since the 2010 election, the government has embarked on a series of reforms to direct the country towards liberal democracy, a mixed economy, and reconciliation, although doubts persist about the motives that underpin such reforms. The series of reforms includes the release of pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi from house arrest, the establishment of the National Human Rights Commission, the granting of general amnesties for more than 200 political prisoners, new labour laws that permit labour unions and strikes, a relaxation of press censorship, and the regulation of currency practices.

Question: In what direction is the government of Burma ultimately attempting to go?
Answer: reforms to direct the country towards liberal democracy

Question: What type of economy is Burma attempting to reach?
Answer: a mixed economy

Question: Where was Aung San Suu Kyi confined during his imprisonment in Burma ?
Answer: house arrest

Question: What happened to the political prisoner being held in Burma ?
Answer: granting of general amnesties for more than 200 political prisoners

Question: Are groups who represent workers allowed to express their opinions in protest in Burma?
Answer: new labour laws that permit labour unions and strikes
Much of the country lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the Equator. It lies in the monsoon region of Asia, with its coastal regions receiving over 5,000 mm (196.9 in) of rain annually. Annual rainfall in the delta region is approximately 2,500 mm (98.4 in), while average annual rainfall in the Dry Zone in central Myanmar is less than 1,000 mm (39.4 in). The Northern regions of Myanmar are the coolest, with average temperatures of 21 °C (70 °F). Coastal and delta regions have an average maximum temperature of 32 °C (89.6 °F).

Question: Where does the majority of the Burmese country fall on the globe ?
Answer: Much of the country lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the Equator

Question: How much rain is received in the region where Burma is located ?
Answer: 5,000 mm (196.9 in) of rain annually

Question: What is the expected rainfall in the zone considered to be dry in Burma ?
Answer: 1,000 mm (39.4 in

Question: What is the average temperature of the coldest part of Burma and where is it located ?
Answer: The Northern regions of Myanmar are the coolest, with average temperatures of 21 °C (70 °F).

Question: How warm does it get at the height of summer along the in the delta and coastal regions of Burma?
Answer: Coastal and delta regions have an average maximum temperature of 32 °C (89.6 °F).
Typical jungle animals, particularly tigers and leopards, occur sparsely in Myanmar. In upper Myanmar, there are rhinoceros, wild buffalo, wild boars, deer, antelope, and elephants, which are also tamed or bred in captivity for use as work animals, particularly in the lumber industry. Smaller mammals are also numerous, ranging from gibbons and monkeys to flying foxes and tapirs. The abundance of birds is notable with over 800 species, including parrots, peafowl, pheasants, crows, herons, and paddybirds. Among reptile species there are crocodiles, geckos, cobras, Burmese pythons, and turtles. Hundreds of species of freshwater fish are wide-ranging, plentiful and are very important food sources. For a list of protected areas, see List of protected areas of Myanmar.

Question: What industry is supported by animal labor in Burma ?
Answer: the lumber industry

Question: What is an important protein source in the Burmese diet?
Answer: Hundreds of species of freshwater fish

Question: What animals where domesticated in Burma for industry use ?
Answer: elephants, which are also tamed or bred in captivity for use as work animals

Question: What is note worthy about the bird population of Burma ?
Answer: The abundance of birds is notable with over 800 species

Question: Are large jungle cats part of the animal population of Burma ?
Answer: Typical jungle animals, particularly tigers and leopards, occur sparsely in Myanmar
Despite Western isolation, Asian corporations have generally remained willing to continue investing in the country and to initiate new investments, particularly in natural resource extraction. The country has close relations with neighbouring India and China with several Indian and Chinese companies operating in the country. Under India's Look East policy, fields of co-operation between India and Myanmar include remote sensing, oil and gas exploration, information technology, hydro power and construction of ports and buildings.

Question: How do Asian countries feel about the European attitude towards Burma ?
Answer: Asian corporations have generally remained willing to continue investing in the country and to initiate new investments

Question: What is a popular business for international Asian countries in Burma ?
Answer: natural resource extraction.

Question: What two countries does Burma have Superior relationships with ?
Answer: India and China

Question: What is the benefit to the two countries involved in the India Look East policy ?
Answer: fields of co-operation between India and Myanmar include remote sensing, oil and gas exploration, information technology, hydro power and construction
In May 2013, Thein Sein became the first Myanmar president to visit the White House in 47 years; the last Burmese leader to visit the White House was Ne Win in September 1966. President Barack Obama praised the former general for political and economic reforms, and the cessation of tensions between Myanmar and the United States. Political activists objected to the visit due to concerns over human rights abuses in Myanmar but Obama assured Thein Sein that Myanmar will receive US support. The two leaders discussed to release more political prisoners, the institutionalisation of political reform and rule of law, and ending ethnic conflict in Myanmar—the two governments agreed to sign a bilateral trade and investment framework agreement on 21 May 2013.

Question: Who is the first official Burmese delegate to visit the white house following the 2010 elections in Burma ?
Answer: Thein Sein became the first Myanmar president to visit the White House in 47 years

Question: When was the most prior visit from a Burmese representative to the United States prior to 2010 ?
Answer: the last Burmese leader to visit the White House was Ne Win in September 1966

Question: Was the visit from the Burmese delegate welcome in the United States in 2010?
Answer: Political activists objected to the visit due to concerns over human rights abuses in Myanmar

Question: Did the visit to the United States result in the release of political prisoners in Burma ?
Answer: leaders discussed to release more political prisoners

Question: What agreements were made in the visit to the United States by the Burmese in the 21 century ?
Answer: to sign a bilateral trade and investment framework agreement on 21 May 2013.
International human rights organisations including Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International and the American Association for the Advancement of Science have repeatedly documented and condemned widespread human rights violations in Myanmar. The Freedom in the World 2011 report by Freedom House notes, "The military junta has ... suppressed nearly all basic rights; and committed human rights abuses with impunity." In July 2013, the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners indicated that there were approximately 100 political prisoners being held in Burmese prisons.

Question: What are the names of some of the human right organizations that have been involved in Burmese relations.
Answer: Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International and the American Association for the Advancement of Science

Question: In 2011 what did the group Freedom House say concerning the Burma military?
Answer: The military junta has ... suppressed nearly all basic rights; and committed human rights abuses with impunity

Question: How many prisoners are still held in Burma on political crimes?
Answer: In July 2013, the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners indicated that there were approximately 100 political prisoners being held
The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide "conclusive evidence" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as "among the world's least wanted" and "one of the world's most persecuted minorities." But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.

Question: What section of the Burmese population is routinely discriminated against ?
Answer: The Rohingya people

Question: When was the citizenship laws placed into effect in Burma ?
Answer: 1982

Question: How does one become a full citizen in Burma ?
Answer: Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races

Question: What races are considered for full citizenship in Burma?
Answer: national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee

Question: What happens if one is not able to prove ancestral claim on full citizenship ?
Answer: Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823

Question: When did the Rohingya lose citizenship rights in Burma?
Answer: the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law

Question: How is the decision made on who gets full citizenship rights in Burma?
Answer: Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races

Question: What races are considered to be the of the the national races in Burma ?
Answer: national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee.

Question: How can one prove their race in Burma ?
Answer: prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823

Question: How many of the Rohingya people have new changes in citizenship caused to become refugees ?
Answer: expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma,