lmqg/qg_squad huggingface dataset:
From the period of 1600, the canton consisted of a St George's Cross representing the Kingdom of England. With the Acts of Union 1707, the canton was updated to be the new Union Flag—consisting of an English St George's Cross combined with a Scottish St Andrew's cross—representing the Kingdom of Great Britain. After the Acts of Union 1800 that joined Ireland with Great Britain to form the United Kingdom, the canton of the East India Company flag was altered accordingly to include a Saint Patrick's Saltire replicating the updated Union Flag representing the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Question: in the period of 1600 what Canton cross repesented England
Answer: St George's Cross

Question: after the act of 1707 what was the second cross added to the Canton for great britian
Answer: St Andrew's cross

Question: IN what year did the canton become a flag with crosses on it and not just a cross?
Answer: 1707

Question: in wat year did ireland join with great britian offically?
Answer: 1800

Question: What is the name of the union that Ireland and Great Britian created when they came together?
Answer: United Kingdom
During the period of the Napoleonic Wars, the East India Company arranged for letters of marque for its vessels such as the Lord Nelson. This was not so that they could carry cannon to fend off warships, privateers and pirates on their voyages to India and China (that they could do without permission) but so that, should they have the opportunity to take a prize, they could do so without being guilty of piracy. Similarly, the Earl of Mornington, an East India Company packet ship of only six guns, also sailed under a letter of marque.

Question: During what war Did the EIC get letter of marque for its vessels
Answer: Napoleonic Wars

Question: Why did EIC want tthe letters of marque most?
Answer: should they have the opportunity to take a prize, they could do so without being guilty of piracy

Question: With out the letters of marque what wepon did they have to protect themself that was a part of their ship?
Answer: cannon

Question: The Earl of Mornington would have how many ___ guns on the EIc ships?
Answer: six
At the Battle of Pulo Aura, which was probably the company's most notable naval victory, Nathaniel Dance, Commodore of a convoy of Indiamen and sailing aboard the Warley, led several Indiamen in a skirmish with a French squadron, driving them off. Some six years earlier, on 28 January 1797, five Indiamen, the Woodford, under Captain Charles Lennox, the Taunton-Castle, Captain Edward Studd, Canton, Captain Abel Vyvyan, and Boddam, Captain George Palmer, and Ocean, Captain John Christian Lochner, had encountered Admiral de Sercey and his squadron of frigates. On this occasion the Indiamen also succeeded in bluffing their way to safety, and without any shots even being fired. Lastly, on 15 June 1795, the General Goddard played a large role in the capture of seven Dutch East Indiamen off St Helena.

Question: What was the most notable naval victory EIC had?
Answer: Battle of Pulo Aura

Question: what general played the biggest role in the capture of the seven Dutch East Indiamen?
Answer: General Goddard

Question: Where were the 7 Dutch Easteast indiamen capture?
Answer: off St Helena

Question: In 1797 how did the Woodford get to safety without firing one bullet?
Answer: bluffing

Question: in 1797 who was the captian of the Woodford that is first listed of the 5 captians?
Answer: Captain Charles Lennox
The region's economy greatly depends on agriculture; rice and rubber have long been prominent exports. Manufacturing and services are becoming more important. An emerging market, Indonesia is the largest economy in this region. Newly industrialised countries include Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines, while Singapore and Brunei are affluent developed economies. The rest of Southeast Asia is still heavily dependent on agriculture, but Vietnam is notably making steady progress in developing its industrial sectors. The region notably manufactures textiles, electronic high-tech goods such as microprocessors and heavy industrial products such as automobiles. Oil reserves in Southeast Asia are plentiful.

Question: What reserves are abundant in Southeast Asia?
Answer: Oil reserves

Question: Which region manufactures textiles, heavy industrial products & high-tech electronic goods?
Answer: Vietnam

Question: Of the Southeast Asian countries, which country has the largest economy?
Answer: Indonesia

Question: Which sector is the Southeast Asia heavily dependent on?
Answer: agriculture
Although professional wrestling in Mexico (lucha libre) also has stories and characters, they are less emphasized. Wrestlers in Mexico are traditionally more agile and perform more aerial maneuvers than professional wrestlers in the U.S. who, more often, rely on power moves and strikes to subdue their opponents. The difference in styles is due to the independent evolution of the sport in Mexico beginning in the 1930s and the fact that wrestlers in the cruiserweight division (peso semicompleto) are often the most popular wrestlers in Mexican lucha libre. Wrestlers often execute high flying moves characteristic of lucha libre by utilizing the wrestling ring's ropes to catapult themselves towards their opponents, using intricate combinations in rapid-fire succession, and applying complex submission holds. Lucha libre is also known for its tag team wrestling matches, in which the teams are often made up of three members, instead of two as is common in the U.S.

Question: How do characters differ in Mexican wrestling?
Answer: they are less emphasized

Question: How are Mexican wrestlers different?
Answer: more agile and perform more aerial maneuvers

Question: What do American wrestlers depend on?
Answer: rely on power moves and strikes to subdue their opponents

Question: What else is lucha libre known for?
Answer: tag team wrestling matches

Question: How does lucha libre's tag team matches differ?
Answer: often made up of three members, instead of two as is common in the U.S
where is the maximum possible exposure that does not lead to a clipped or bloomed camera output. Typically, the lower limit of the saturation speed is determined by the sensor itself, but with the gain of the amplifier between the sensor and the analog-to-digital converter, the saturation speed can be increased. The factor 78 is chosen such that exposure settings based on a standard light meter and an 18-percent reflective surface will result in an image with a grey level of 18%/√2 = 12.7% of saturation. The factor √2 indicates that there is half a stop of headroom to deal with specular reflections that would appear brighter than a 100% reflecting white surface.

Question: What does the sensor usually determine?
Answer: lower limit of the saturation speed

Question: How can the saturation speed be increased?
Answer: with the gain of the amplifier between the sensor and the analog-to-digital converter

Question: What is indicated by the factor √2?
Answer: there is half a stop of headroom to deal with specular reflections that would appear brighter than a 100% reflecting white surface

Question: What can too much exposure lead to?
Answer: clipped or bloomed camera output
Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de México audio (help·info) American Spanish: [sjuˈða(ð) ðe ˈméxiko]; abbreviated as "CDMX"), is the capital of Mexico. As an "alpha" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de México), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs).

Question: How man feet above sea level is Mexico City
Answer: 7,350

Question: How many municipalities are in Mexico City?
Answer: sixteen

Question: What did they used to call the municipalities within Mexico City?
Answer: boroughs

Question: What is the Spanish word for Mexico City?
Answer: Ciudad de México

Question: How many meters above sea is Mexico City?
Answer: 2,240
By the 1990s Mexico City had become infamous as one of the world's most polluted cities; however the city has become a model for dramatically lowering pollution levels. By 2014 carbon monoxide pollution had dropped dramatically, while levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were nearly three times lower than in 1992. The levels of signature pollutants in Mexico City are similar to those of Los Angeles.[citation needed] Despite the cleanup, the metropolitan area is still the most ozone-polluted part of the country, with ozone levels 2.5 times beyond WHO-defined safe limits.

Question: How bad is the ozone in Mexico City?
Answer: 2.5 times beyond WHO-defined safe limits

Question: Carbon Monoxide levels are about 3 times lower now than in what year?
Answer: 1992

Question: What city is similar to Mexico City in terms of pollution?
Answer: Los Angeles

Question: When Mexico one of the worst cities in terms of pollution?
Answer: 1990s

Question: Who decides safe levels of o-zone in cities?
Answer: WHO
The Human Development Index report of 2005 shows that there were three boroughs with a very high Human Development Index, 12 with a high HDI value (9 above .85) and one with a medium HDI value (almost high). Benito Juárez borough had the highest HDI of the country (.9510) followed by Miguel Hidalgo which came up 4th nationally with a HDI of (.9189) and Coyoacán (5th nationally) with a HDI value of (.9169). Cuajimalpa, Cuauhtémoc and Azcapotzalco had very high values; respectively .8994 (15th nationally),.8922 (23rd) and .8915 (25th).

Question: How many boroughs had very high HDI scores in 2005?
Answer: three

Question: How many boroughs had high (not very high) HDI scores?
Answer: 12

Question: Which borough had the highest HDI score?
Answer: Benito Juárez

Question: What year was the report that said 3 boroughs had very high HDI scores?
Answer: 2005

Question: What borough was the second highest HDI score?
Answer: Miguel Hidalgo
Conflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.

Question: What emperor forced the Germanic tribes to the east side of the Rhine?
Answer: Julius Caesar

Question: In what did Emperor Augustus order the conquest of the Germans?
Answer: 12 BC

Question: The Romans suffered a horrible defeat in there conquest of the Germans in what battle?
Answer: Battle of the Teutoburg Forest

Question: Roman's adoption of what religion would greatly influence the German society?
Answer: Christianity

Question: Through what act would Roman and German customs become intertwine?
Answer: Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried

Question: Which Roman emperor ordered the conquest of the Germans?
Answer: Augustus

Question: What religion did Germans adopt?
Answer: Christianity

Question: What battle did Germans defeat the Romans?
Answer: Battle of the Teutoburg Forest r
The migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a "German" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii. These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans. The varieties of the German language are still divided up into these groups. Linguists distinguish low Saxon, Franconian, Bavarian, Thuringian and Alemannic varieties in modern German. By the 9th century, the large tribes which lived on the territory of modern Germany had been united under the rule of the Frankish king Charlemagne, known in German as Karl der Große. Much of what is now Eastern Germany became Slavonic-speaking (Sorbs and Veleti), after these areas were vacated by Germanic tribes (Vandals, Lombards, Burgundians and Suebi amongst others) which had migrated into the former areas of the Roman Empire.

Question: how many tribes are credited with the creation of the modern day germans?
Answer: five tribes

Question: In modern day what is still influenced by the five tribes?
Answer: German language

Question: What king united the tribes in the 9th century?
Answer: Charlemagne

Question: What part of Germany became mostly Slavonic-speaking due to migration?
Answer: Eastern Germany

Question: The tribes that moved out of east Germany took to inhabit what fallen empires lands?
Answer: Roman Empire

Question: What five tribes are attributed with coalescing into a German ethnicity?
Answer: Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii

Question: What 6th tribe is sometimes included with the original 5 German tribes?
Answer: Frisians

Question: Who united the 5 tribes?
Answer: king Charlemagne

Question: What century did King Charlemagne reign?
Answer: 9th
After Christianization, the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers led German expansion and settlement in areas inhabited by Slavs and Balts, known as Ostsiedlung. During the wars waged in the Baltic by the Catholic German Teutonic Knights; the lands inhabited by the ethnic group of the Old Prussians (the current reference to the people known then simply as the "Prussians"), were conquered by the Germans. The Old Prussians were an ethnic group related to the Latvian and Lithuanian Baltic peoples. The former German state of Prussia took its name from the Baltic Prussians, although it was led by Germans who had assimilated the Old Prussians; the old Prussian language was extinct by the 17th or early 18th century. The Slavic people of the Teutonic-controlled Baltic were assimilated into German culture and eventually there were many intermarriages of Slavic and German families, including amongst the Prussia's aristocracy known as the Junkers. Prussian military strategist Karl von Clausewitz is a famous German whose surname is of Slavic origin. Massive German settlement led to the assimilation of Baltic (Old Prussians) and Slavic (Wends) populations, who were exhausted by previous warfare.

Question: The Expansion of Germany by the Catholic Church into the areas of the Slavs and balts is know as what?
Answer: Ostsiedlung

Question: What was the name of the group that waged war in the Baltic?
Answer: Catholic German Teutonic Knights

Question: Who was the Old Prussians ethnic group related to?
Answer: Latvian and Lithuanian Baltic peoples

Question: Although conquered the Persian language lived on till when?
Answer: 17th or early 18th century

Question: Who is a famous German that name has Slavic origins?
Answer: Karl von Clausewitz

Question: When was the Prussian language extinct?
Answer: 17th or early 18th century

Question: What happened to the Slavic people of the Baltic?
Answer: were assimilated into German culture

Question: Who led the German expansion?
Answer: the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers

Question: What famous German military strategist has a name with Slavic origin?
Answer: Karl von Clausewitz

Question: What let to the assimilation of Baltic and Slavic populations?
Answer: Massive German settlement
By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts of the German language and elements of other European languages into a mixed language known as Yiddish. However tolerance and assimilation of Jews in German society suddenly ended during the Crusades with many Jews being forcefully expelled from Germany and Western Yiddish disappeared as a language in Germany over the centuries, with German Jewish people fully adopting the German language.

Question: By what time period had many of the Jewish population joined the Holy Roman Empire?
Answer: Middle Ages

Question: The Jewish populations upon migrating into the German society mingled languages to form what new language?
Answer: Yiddish

Question: What cause the tolerance and mixing into German Society to end for the Jews?
Answer: Crusades

Question: What language did many of the Jews speak after the crusades?
Answer: German

Question: What language did the Jews speak prior to assimilating into German culture?
Answer: Judeo-French

Question: After assimilating to German culture, what language did the Jews adopt?
Answer: Yiddish.

Question: When did Jewish assimilation end?
Answer: during the Crusades

Question: What happened to the Jews during the crusades?
Answer: forcefully expelled from Germany
The Napoleonic Wars were the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and ultimately the cause for the quest for a German nation state in 19th-century German nationalism. After the Congress of Vienna, Austria and Prussia emerged as two competitors. Austria, trying to remain the dominant power in Central Europe, led the way in the terms of the Congress of Vienna. The Congress of Vienna was essentially conservative, assuring that little would change in Europe and preventing Germany from uniting. These terms came to a sudden halt following the Revolutions of 1848 and the Crimean War in 1856, paving the way for German unification in the 1860s. By the 1820s, large numbers of Jewish German women had intermarried with Christian German men and had converted to Christianity. Jewish German Eduard Lasker was a prominent German nationalist figure who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid-19th century.

Question: What was one of the main factors that caused the dissolve of the Holy Roman Empire?
Answer: Napoleonic Wars

Question: What assured Europe would remain the same preventing Germany from becoming one country?
Answer: Congress of Vienna

Question: When was the Crimean War?
Answer: 1856

Question: When was Germany's unification?
Answer: 1860s

Question: What prominent Jewish German sought German unification in the mid 19th century?
Answer: Eduard Lasker

Question: What was the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire?
Answer: The Napoleonic Wars

Question: What two countries emerged as competitors after the Congress of Vienna?
Answer: Austria and Prussia

Question: Who led the way for the Congress of Vienna?
Answer: Austria

Question: In what decade was German unification?
Answer: 1860s

Question: Who was Eduard Lasker?
Answer: a prominent German nationalist figure who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid-19th century
Persons who speak German as their first language, look German and whose families have lived in Germany for generations are considered "most German", followed by categories of diminishing Germanness such as Aussiedler (people of German ancestry whose families have lived in Eastern Europe but who have returned to Germany), Restdeutsche (people living in lands that have historically belonged to Germany but which is currently outside of Germany), Auswanderer (people whose families have emigrated from Germany and who still speak German), German speakers in German-speaking nations such as Austrians, and finally people of German emigrant background who no longer speak German.

Question: Residence that speak German as their mother tongue and families have been in place for generations are often consider?
Answer: most German

Question: What is the name given to Germans who family left but came back to the lands?
Answer: Aussiedler

Question: What is the name of gven to the population that lives outside of current Germany boundary but still within historic Germany?
Answer: Restdeutsche

Question: What are refugees from Germany that still speak German referred to?
Answer: Auswanderer

Question: People who have generations of family in Germany, and look and speak German are classified as what?
Answer: most German

Question: Who are people of German ancestry but have lived in other parts of Europe, then returned to Germany?
Answer: Aussiedler

Question: What are people who have ancestral roots in Germany, but now live outside of Germany called?
Answer: Restdeutsche

Question: What are people called who have left Germany but still speak German?
Answer: Auswanderer
By 1640, the town's theocratic government and nine-square grid plan were in place, and the town was renamed Newhaven from Quinnipiac. However, the area north of New Haven remained Quinnipiac until 1678, when it was renamed Hamden. The settlement became the headquarters of the New Haven Colony. At the time, the New Haven Colony was separate from the Connecticut Colony, which had been established to the north centering on Hartford. One of the principal differences between the two colonies was that the New Haven colony was an intolerant theocracy that did not permit other churches to be established, while the Connecticut colony permitted the establishment of other churches.

Question: How did New Haven colony differ from Connecticut colony in regard to religion?
Answer: New Haven colony was an intolerant theocracy that did not permit other churches to be established

Question: What was the name of the settlement before it was called New Haven?
Answer: Quinnipiac

Question: What was the name of the area north of New Haven changed to in 1678?
Answer: Hamden

Question: What was the town center of the Connecticut colony?
Answer: Hartford

Question: What type of government did the Puritan settlers establish?
Answer: theocratic government

Question: By what year did the Puritan settlers rename the area from Quinnipac to Newhaven?
Answer: 1640

Question: In what year was the northern area of New Haven renamed Hamden?
Answer: 1678

Question: What colony was located to the north of New Haven Colony, centered around the area known as Hartford?
Answer: Connecticut Colony

Question: What did New Haven Colony not permit that principally distinguished it from Connecticut Colony?
Answer: other churches to be established

Question: In 1678 what was the new name of the Northern part of New Haven?
Answer: Hamden

Question: New Haven Colony was separated from the Connecticut Colony which was located where?
Answer: Hartford

Question: What made New Haven different from the other colonies in Connecticut?
Answer: an intolerant theocracy

Question: Where was the headquarters of the New Haven Colony located?
Answer: Quinnipiac