immune modulation or augmentation Antibacterial vaccines Vaccines made from attenuated whole cells or lysates
What do vaccines need to work? What type of vaccines have saved millions of lives? What types of vaccines have been phased out?
Vaccines rely on immune modulation or augmentation. Vaccination either excites or reinforces the immune competence of a host to ward off infection, leading to the activation of macrophages, the production of antibodies, inflammation, and other classic immune reactions. Antibacterial vaccines have been responsible for a drastic reduction in global bacterial diseases. Vaccines made from attenuated whole cells or lysates have been replaced largely by less reactogenic, cell-free vaccines consisting of purified components, including capsular polysaccharides and their conjugates, to protein carriers, as well as inactivated toxins (toxoids) and proteins.
question: What do vaccines need to work?, answer: immune modulation or augmentation | question: What type of vaccines have saved millions of lives?, answer: Antibacterial vaccines | question: What types of vaccines have been phased out?, answer: Vaccines made from attenuated whole cells or lysates