lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
While true exhibition matches are not uncommon, most matches tell a story analogous to a scene in a play or film, or an episode of a serial drama: The face will sometimes win (triumph) or sometimes lose (tragedy). Longer story arcs can result from multiple matches over the course of time. Since most promotions have a championship title, competition for the championship is a common impetus for stories. Also, anything from a character's own hair to their job with the promotion can be wagered in a match. The same type of good vs. evil storylines were also once popular in roller derby.

question: What do most matches have?, answer: a story analogous to a scene in a play or film, or an episode of a serial drama: | question: What is it called when the protagonist loses?, answer: tragedy | question: What do they call it when a protagonist wins?, answer: triumph | question: What can be wagered in a match?, answer: from a character's own hair to their job with the promotion
While videoconferencing technology was initially used primarily within internal corporate communication networks, one of the first community service usages of the technology started in 1992 through a unique partnership with PictureTel and IBM Corporations which at the time were promoting a jointly developed desktop based videoconferencing product known as the PCS/1. Over the next 15 years, Project DIANE (Diversified Information and Assistance Network) grew to utilize a variety of videoconferencing platforms to create a multi-state cooperative public service and distance education network consisting of several hundred schools, neighborhood centers, libraries, science museums, zoos and parks, public assistance centers, and other community oriented organizations.

question: What year did one the first community service usages of videoconferencing take place?, answer: 1992 | question: What company helped in the creation of community service videoconferencing?, answer: IBM | question: What is the videoconferencing product that both IBM and PictureTel worked on?, answer: PCS/1 | question: What does DIANE in Project DIANE stand for?, answer: Diversified Information and Assistance Network | question: How many years did it take for Project DIANE to grow?, answer: 15
While worship in the Temple in Jerusalem included musical instruments (2 Chronicles 29:25–27), traditional Jewish religious services in the Synagogue, both before and after the last destruction of the Temple, did not include musical instruments given the practice of scriptural cantillation. The use of musical instruments is traditionally forbidden on the Sabbath out of concern that players would be tempted to repair (or tune) their instruments, which is forbidden on those days. (This prohibition has been relaxed in many Reform and some Conservative congregations.) Similarly, when Jewish families and larger groups sing traditional Sabbath songs known as zemirot outside the context of formal religious services, they usually do so a cappella, and Bar and Bat Mitzvah celebrations on the Sabbath sometimes feature entertainment by a cappella ensembles. During the Three Weeks musical instruments are prohibited. Many Jews consider a portion of the 49-day period of the counting of the omer between Passover and Shavuot to be a time of semi-mourning and instrumental music is not allowed during that time. This has led to a tradition of a cappella singing sometimes known as sefirah music.

question: On what day is using musical instruments not allowed?, answer: Sabbath | question: In what style do Jewish families typically sing Sabbath songs?, answer: a cappella | question: What is a cappella music occasionally called among those of Jewish faith?, answer: sefirah music | question: How many days are counted between Passover and Shavuot?, answer: 49 | question: What is part of the time between Passover and Shavuot thought to be?, answer: a time of semi-mourning
Whilst it is often perceived as an optimal solution for states comprising different cultural or ethnic communities, the federalist model seems to work best in largely homogeneous states such as the United States, Germany or Australia, but there is also evidence to the contrary such as in Switzerland. Tensions between territories can still be found in federalist countries such as Canada and federation as a way to appease and quell military conflict has failed recently in places like Lybia or Iraq, while the formula is simultaneously proposed and dismissed in countries such as Ukraine or Syria. Federations such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia collapsed as soon as it was possible to put the model to the test.

question: Where does the federalist model work best in?, answer: homogeneous states | question: What are homogeneous states?, answer: United States, Germany or Australia | question: Where can tensions be found in the federalist countries?, answer: Canada | question: What countries did the federalist model fail in?, answer: Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia | question: What countries dismissed the federalist model?, answer: Ukraine or Syria
White LEDs can also be made by coating near-ultraviolet (NUV) LEDs with a mixture of high-efficiency europium-based phosphors that emit red and blue, plus copper and aluminium-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu, Al) that emits green. This is a method analogous to the way fluorescent lamps work. This method is less efficient than blue LEDs with YAG:Ce phosphor, as the Stokes shift is larger, so more energy is converted to heat, but yields light with better spectral characteristics, which render color better. Due to the higher radiative output of the ultraviolet LEDs than of the blue ones, both methods offer comparable brightness. A concern is that UV light may leak from a malfunctioning light source and cause harm to human eyes or skin.

question: White LEDs can be made by coating what?, answer: near-ultraviolet (NUV) LEDs | question: What are near-ultraviolet LEDs coated with to create white LED?, answer: copper and aluminium-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu, Al) | question: What device also works in a similar way as NUV LEDs?, answer: fluorescent lamps | question: The method of coating NUVs less efficient than what other LEDs?, answer: blue | question: What light can harm human eyes or skin?, answer: UV light
White light can be formed by mixing differently colored lights; the most common method is to use red, green, and blue (RGB). Hence the method is called multi-color white LEDs (sometimes referred to as RGB LEDs). Because these need electronic circuits to control the blending and diffusion of different colors, and because the individual color LEDs typically have slightly different emission patterns (leading to variation of the color depending on direction) even if they are made as a single unit, these are seldom used to produce white lighting. Nonetheless, this method has many applications because of the flexibility of mixing different colors, and in principle, this mechanism also has higher quantum efficiency in producing white light.[citation needed]

question: What colors are used to form white light?, answer: red, green, and blue | question: What is the method called that mixes red, green, and blue colors to form white light?, answer: multi-color white LEDs | question: What does the multi-color white LED method need to produce the end result?, answer: electronic circuits | question: What is another name to reference the multi-color white LED method?, answer: RGB LEDs
White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing and structural testing, by seeing the source code) tests internal structures or workings of a program, as opposed to the functionality exposed to the end-user. In white-box testing an internal perspective of the system, as well as programming skills, are used to design test cases. The tester chooses inputs to exercise paths through the code and determine the appropriate outputs. This is analogous to testing nodes in a circuit, e.g. in-circuit testing (ICT).

question: What is another term used for White-box testing?, answer: clear box testing | question: What is involved with White-box testing?, answer: by seeing the source code | question: Which two procedures are used to design test cases in White-box testing?, answer: testing an internal perspective of the system, as well as programming skills
Whitehall's disquiet at the failures of the RAF led to the replacement of Dowding (who was already due for retirement) with Sholto Douglas on 25 November. Douglas set about introducing more squadrons and dispersing the few GL sets to create a carpet effect in the southern counties. Still, in February 1941, there remained only seven squadrons with 87 pilots, under half the required strength. The GL carpet was supported by six GCI sets controlling radar-equipped night-fighters. By the height of the Blitz, they were becoming more successful. The number of contacts and combats rose in 1941, from 44 and two in 48 sorties in January 1941, to 204 and 74 in May (643 sorties). But even in May, 67% of the sorties were visual cat's-eye missions. Curiously, while 43% of the contacts in May 1941 were by visual sightings, they accounted for 61% of the combats. Yet when compared with Luftwaffe daylight operations, there was a sharp decline in German losses to 1%. If a vigilant bomber crew could spot the fighter first, they had a decent chance at evading it.

question: Who replaced Dowding on November 25?, answer: Sholto Douglas | question: What supported the GL carpet?, answer: six GCI sets controlling radar-equipped night-fighters | question: How many pilots remained in February 1941?, answer: 87 pilots | question: How many number of contacts and combats were there in May?, answer: 204 and 74 | question: What did a bomber crew need to do for a good chance at evasion?, answer: spot the fighter first
Whites (mainly of Afrikaner, German, British and Portuguese origin) make up between 4.0 and 7.0% of the population. Although their percentage of population is decreasing due to emigration and lower birth rates they still form the second-largest population of European ancestry, both in terms of percentage and actual numbers, in Sub-Saharan Africa (after South Africa). The majority of Namibian whites and nearly all those who are mixed race speak Afrikaans and share similar origins, culture, and religion as the white and coloured populations of South Africa. A large minority of whites (around 30,000) trace their family origins back to the German settlers who colonized Namibia prior to the British confiscation of German lands after World War One, and they maintain German cultural and educational institutions. Nearly all Portuguese settlers came to the country from the former Portuguese colony of Angola. The 1960 census reported 526,004 persons in what was then South-West Africa, including 73,464 whites (14%).

question: Whites make up how much of Namibia's population?, answer: 4.0 and 7.0% | question: What is the language of Namibia?, answer: Afrikaans | question: Where do a large minority of whites trace their Namibian roots to?, answer: German settlers | question: What was the population in South-West Africa in 1960?, answer: 526,004 | question: How much of the population was white in South-West Africa in 1960?, answer: 73,464
Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order conservatives, noting privately that Warren "represents the kind of political, economic, and social thinking that I believe we need on the Supreme Court ... He has a national name for integrity, uprightness, and courage that, again, I believe we need on the Court". In the next few years Warren led the Court in a series of liberal decisions that revolutionized the role of the Court.

question: What were Harlan and Stewart's party affiliations?, answer: Republicans | question: What party did Brennan belong to?, answer: Democrat | question: Who did Eisenhower nominate for Chief Justice?, answer: Warren | question: What sort of decisions did Warren favor on the Supreme Court?, answer: liberal | question: Along with liberals, who was Eisenhower trying to appeal to with the Warren pick?, answer: law-and-order conservatives
Wide-ringed wood is often called "second-growth", because the growth of the young timber in open stands after the old trees have been removed is more rapid than in trees in a closed forest, and in the manufacture of articles where strength is an important consideration such "second-growth" hardwood material is preferred. This is particularly the case in the choice of hickory for handles and spokes. Here not only strength, but toughness and resilience are important. The results of a series of tests on hickory by the U.S. Forest Service show that:

question: What term is sometimes used for wood with wide rings?, answer: second-growth | question: Do young trees grow more quickly in open stands or in a closed forest?, answer: open stands | question: What property is important to manufacturers who use "second-growth" hardwood?, answer: strength | question: What specific kind of "second-growth" hardwood is often used to make handles and spokes?, answer: hickory | question: What organization tested hickory to find out about its properties?, answer: U.S. Forest Service
Widely referred to as Highbury, Arsenal Stadium was the club's home from September 1913 until May 2006. The original stadium was designed by the renowned football architect Archibald Leitch, and had a design common to many football grounds in the UK at the time, with a single covered stand and three open-air banks of terracing. The entire stadium was given a massive overhaul in the 1930s: new Art Deco West and East stands were constructed, opening in 1932 and 1936 respectively, and a roof was added to the North Bank terrace, which was bombed during the Second World War and not restored until 1954.

question: When did Arsenal FC leave Highbury stadium?, answer: May 2006 | question: When did Arsenal Stadium at Highbury first become the club's home?, answer: September 1913 | question: What architect designed the original stadium at Highbury?, answer: Archibald Leitch | question: In what decade was Arsenal Stadium overhauled?, answer: 1930s | question: When was the Arsenal stadium bombed?, answer: Second World War
Widespread Roman interference in the Greek world was probably inevitable given the general manner of the ascendency of the Roman Republic. This Roman-Greek interaction began as a consequence of the Greek city-states located along the coast of southern Italy. Rome had come to dominate the Italian peninsula, and desired the submission of the Greek cities to its rule. Although they initially resisted, allying themselves with Pyrrhus of Epirus, and defeating the Romans at several battles, the Greek cities were unable to maintain this position and were absorbed by the Roman republic. Shortly afterwards, Rome became involved in Sicily, fighting against the Carthaginians in the First Punic War. The end result was the complete conquest of Sicily, including its previously powerful Greek cities, by the Romans.

question: Rome dominated what peninsula?, answer: Italian | question: Greek cities were absorbed by what republic?, answer: Roman | question: Rome fought against the Carthaginians in what war?, answer: First Punic War | question: Sicily was won by whom in the First Punic war?, answer: Romans
Widespread drought in North China, combined with the imperialist designs of European powers and the instability of the Qing government, created conditions that led to the emergence of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, or "Boxers." In 1900, local groups of Boxers proclaiming support for the Qing dynasty murdered foreign missionaries and large numbers of Chinese Christians, then converged on Beijing to besiege the Foreign Legation Quarter. A coalition of European, Japanese, and Russian armies (the Eight-Nation Alliance) then entered China without diplomatic notice, much less permission. Cixi declared war on all of these nations, only to lose control of Beijing after a short, but hard-fought campaign. She fled to Xi'an. The victorious allies drew up scores of demands on the Qing government, including compensation for their expenses in invading China and execution of complicit officials.

question: Where was there a drought?, answer: North China | question: What was another name for the Boxers?, answer: Righteous and Harmonious Fists | question: When did the Boxers begin to kill missionaries and Chinese Christians?, answer: 1900 | question: Who invaded China?, answer: A coalition of European, Japanese, and Russian armies | question: Where did Cixi go after Beijing fell to the 8 armies?, answer: Xi'an
Widespread rumors of Napoleon's return from St. Helena and Napoleon as an inspiration for patriotism, individual and collective liberties, and political mobilization manifested themselves in seditious materials, displaying the tricolor and rosettes. There were also subversive activities celebrating anniversaries of Napoleon's life and reign and disrupting royal celebrations—they demonstrated the prevailing and successful goal of the varied supporters of Napoleon to constantly destabilize the Bourbon regime.

question: Rumors of Napoleon's return from what location were often used as an inspiration for his followers?, answer: St. Helena | question: Anniversaries of Napoleon's life and reign were sometimes celebrated in an effort to disrupt what?, answer: royal celebrations | question: Destabilization of what regime was the main goal of Napoleon's followers?, answer: the Bourbon regime | question: Seditious material distributed by Napoleon's followers often displayed the tricolor, and what other design?, answer: rosettes
Widespread segregation in 19th- and early 20th-century North America made it difficult for African-Americans to join Lodges outside of Prince Hall jurisdictions – and impossible for inter-jurisdiction recognition between the parallel U.S. Masonic authorities. By the 1980s, such discrimination was a thing of the past, and today most U.S. Grand Lodges recognise their Prince Hall counterparts, and the authorities of both traditions are working towards full recognition. The United Grand Lodge of England has no problem with recognising Prince Hall Grand Lodges. While celebrating their heritage as lodges of black Americans, Prince Hall is open to all men regardless of race or religion.

question: When did North American Masonic lodges recognize members of the Prince Hall Lodge?, answer: By the 1980s | question: Who is the Prince Hall Lodge open to?, answer: Prince Hall is open to all men | question: Does the United Grand Lodge of England recognize Prince Hall Lodges?, answer: The United Grand Lodge of England has no problem with recognising Prince Hall Grand Lodges
Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: "These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business." Eventually, public opinion forced the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year.

question: When year did Prince Albert die?, answer: 1861 | question: What forced the Queen to return to London?, answer: public opinion | question: What was the fate of Buckingham after the left?, answer: the palace was seldom used, even neglected. | question: Where were court functions held upon the Queens return to London?, answer: Windsor Castle | question: When did Prince Albert die?, answer: 1861 | question: What did Queen Victoria do in response to his death?, answer: left Buckingham Palace | question: Which house did Queen Victoria stay at after she left Buckingham?, answer: Osborne House | question: What happened to Buckingham after Queen Victoria left?, answer: palace was seldom used, even neglected | question: Where did Queen Victoria hold court functions during this time?, answer: Windsor Castle
Wildfires plague the forested areas of Guam every dry season despite the island's humid climate. Most fires are man-caused with 80% resulting from arson. Poachers often start fires to attract deer to the new growth. Invasive grass species that rely on fire as part of their natural life cycle grow in many regularly burned areas. Grasslands and "barrens" have replaced previously forested areas leading to greater soil erosion. During the rainy season sediment is carried by the heavy rains into the Fena Lake Reservoir and Ugum River, leading to water quality problems for southern Guam. Eroded silt also destroys the marine life in reefs around the island. Soil stabilization efforts by volunteers and forestry workers (planting trees) have had little success in preserving natural habitats.

question: What plagues the Guam dry season?, answer: Wildfires | question: What are the cause of the majority of the fires in the area?, answer: man | question: What causes water quality problems in Guam?, answer: sediment is carried by the heavy rains into the Fena Lake Reservoir and Ugum River
Wilhelm Erb's (1874) "intensive" theory, that a pain signal can be generated by intense enough stimulation of any sensory receptor, has been soundly disproved. Some sensory fibers do not differentiate between noxious and non-noxious stimuli, while others, nociceptors, respond only to noxious, high intensity stimuli. At the peripheral end of the nociceptor, noxious stimuli generate currents that, above a given threshold, begin to send signals along the nerve fiber to the spinal cord. The "specificity" (whether it responds to thermal, chemical or mechanical features of its environment) of a nociceptor is determined by which ion channels it expresses at its peripheral end. Dozens of different types of nociceptor ion channels have so far been identified, and their exact functions are still being determined.

question: What type of signal can be generated by intense enough stimulation of any sensory receptor?, answer: pain | question: What types of stimuli can't some sensory fibers differentiate between?, answer: noxious and non-noxious | question: What type of stimuli do nociceptors response to?, answer: noxious, high intensity | question: How many different types of ion channels have so far been identified?, answer: Dozens | question: What does stimuli generate to send signals along a nerve fiber?, answer: currents