lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The British dealt with range measurement first, when it was realised that range was the key to producing a better fuse setting. This led to the Height/Range Finder (HRF), the first model being the Barr & Stroud UB2, a 2-metre optical coincident rangefinder mounted on a tripod. It measured the distance to the target and the elevation angle, which together gave the height of the aircraft. These were complex instruments and various other methods were also used. The HRF was soon joined by the Height/Fuse Indicator (HFI), this was marked with elevation angles and height lines overlaid with fuse length curves, using the height reported by the HRF operator, the necessary fuse length could be read off.

question: What helped with better fuse setting?, answer: range measurement | question: What was the first model of HRF (Height Range Finder) used by the British?, answer: Barr & Stroud UB2 | question: The HRF measured target distance and what else?, answer: elevation angle | question: What was the HRF used with to set fuses?, answer: Height/Fuse Indicator (HFI) | question: The fuse length could be set using height reported by whom?, answer: HRF operator
The British declaration of war on Germany and its allies also committed the colonies and Dominions, which provided invaluable military, financial and material support. Over 2.5 million men served in the armies of the Dominions, as well as many thousands of volunteers from the Crown colonies. The contributions of Australian and New Zealand troops during the 1915 Gallipoli Campaign against the Ottoman Empire had a great impact on the national consciousness at home, and marked a watershed in the transition of Australia and New Zealand from colonies to nations in their own right. The countries continue to commemorate this occasion on Anzac Day. Canadians viewed the Battle of Vimy Ridge in a similar light. The important contribution of the Dominions to the war effort was recognised in 1917 by the British Prime Minister David Lloyd George when he invited each of the Dominion Prime Ministers to join an Imperial War Cabinet to co-ordinate imperial policy.

question: When was the Gallipoli Campaign?, answer: 1915 | question: Which British Prime Minister recognized the Dominions' contributions in 1917?, answer: David Lloyd George | question: The Gallipoli Campaign fought against which country?, answer: the Ottoman Empire | question: The Imperial War Cabinet was created by which British Prime Minister?, answer: Gallipoli Campaign | question: How many people were in the Dominions' armies?, answer: Over 2.5 million
The British divided Florida into the two colonies of British East Florida and British West Florida. The British government gave land grants to officers and soldiers who had fought in the French and Indian War in order to encourage settlement. In order to induce settlers to move to the two new colonies reports of the natural wealth of Florida were published in England. A large number of British colonists who were "energetic and of good character" moved to Florida, mostly coming from South Carolina, Georgia and England though there was also a group of settlers who came from the colony of Bermuda. This would be the first permanent English-speaking population in what is now Duval County, Baker County, St. Johns County and Nassau County. The British built good public roads and introduced the cultivation of sugar cane, indigo and fruits as well the export of lumber.

question: What were the names of the 2 British colony's in Florida, answer: British East Florida and British West Florida | question: Who was given Florida land grants, answer: officers and soldiers who had fought in the French and Indian War in order to encourage settlement | question: Where did a large number of British Colonist come to florida from, answer: coming from South Carolina, Georgia and England though there was also a group of settlers who came from the colony of Bermuda | question: The first Permanent Colony in Florida is Now known as, answer: what is now Duval County, Baker County, St. Johns County and Nassau County | question: What did the Colonist cultivate, answer: the cultivation of sugar cane, indigo and fruits as well the export of lumber
The British government was close to bankruptcy, and Britain now faced the delicate task of pacifying its new French-Canadian subjects as well as the many American Indian tribes who had supported France. George III's Proclamation of 1763, which forbade white settlement beyond the crest of the Appalachians, was intended to appease the latter but led to considerable outrage in the Thirteen Colonies, whose inhabitants were eager to acquire native lands. The Quebec Act of 1774, similarly intended to win over the loyalty of French Canadians, also spurred resentment among American colonists. The act protected Catholic religion and French language, which enraged the Americans, but the Québécois remained loyal and did not rebel.

question: Who was George III trying to please with the Proclamation of 1763?, answer: American Indian tribes | question: Who was aggravated by the Proclamation of 1763?, answer: outrage in the Thirteen Colonies, whose inhabitants were eager to acquire native lands | question: Who did George III try to please with the Quebec Act of 1774?, answer: French Canadians | question: How did the Quebec Act of 1774 affect religion?, answer: The act protected Catholic religion | question: What did the Quebec Act of 1774 do about language?, answer: The act protected Catholic religion and French language
The British had already arranged licence building of the Bofors 40 mm, and introduced these into service. These had the power to knock down aircraft of any size, yet were light enough to be mobile and easily swung. The gun became so important to the British war effort that they even produced a movie, The Gun, that encouraged workers on the assembly line to work harder. The Imperial measurement production drawings the British had developed were supplied to the Americans who produced their own (unlicensed) copy of the 40 mm at the start of the war, moving to licensed production in mid-1941.

question: What did the British get a license to build?, answer: the Bofors 40 mm | question: While light, the Bofors 40mm were powerful enough to take down what size aircraft?, answer: aircraft of any size | question: What was produced to inspire people on the assembly line to work harder?, answer: a movie | question: What was the movie made to inspire assembly line workers called?, answer: The Gun | question: Who started making an unlicensed version of the 40mm at the beginning of the war?, answer: Americans
The British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued in February 1937. In 1938 France followed with their own 441-line system, variants of which were also used by a number of other countries. The US NTSC 525-line system joined in 1941. In 1949 France introduced an even higher-resolution standard at 819 lines, a system that should have been high definition even by today's standards, but was monochrome only and the technical limitations of the time prevented it from achieving the definition of which it should have been capable. All of these systems used interlacing and a 4:3 aspect ratio except the 240-line system which was progressive (actually described at the time by the technically correct term "sequential") and the 405-line system which started as 5:4 and later changed to 4:3. The 405-line system adopted the (at that time) revolutionary idea of interlaced scanning to overcome the flicker problem of the 240-line with its 25 Hz frame rate. The 240-line system could have doubled its frame rate but this would have meant that the transmitted signal would have doubled in bandwidth, an unacceptable option as the video baseband bandwidth was required to be not more than 3 MHz.

question: Who started trials in August 1936?, answer: The British high-definition TV service | question: When was the Baird system discontinued?, answer: February 1937 | question: Which country developed the 441-line system?, answer: France | question: What prevented France's 819-line system from achieving the definition it was capable of?, answer: the technical limitations of the time | question: Which system used interlaced scanning to correct the flicker problem of the 240-line?, answer: 405-line system
The British recognised the need for anti-aircraft capability a few weeks before World War I broke out; on 8 July 1914, the New York Times reported that the British government had decided to 'dot the coasts of the British Isles with a series of towers, each armed with two quick-firing guns of special design,' while 'a complete circle of towers' was to be built around 'naval installations' and 'at other especially vulnerable points.' By December 1914 the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR) was manning AA guns and searchlights assembled from various sources at some nine ports. The Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) was given responsibility for AA defence in the field, using motorised two-gun sections. The first were formally formed in November 1914. Initially they used QF 1-pounder "pom-pom" (a 37 mm version of the Maxim Gun).

question: When did the British see the need to add anti-aircraft capability?, answer: 8 July 1914 | question: Where did the New York times report say towers with guns should go?, answer: the coasts of the British Isles | question: What was built around naval installations?, answer: complete circle of towers | question: Who manned AA guns and searchlights?, answer: Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR) | question: Who used motorised two-gun sections?, answer: Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA)
The British, for their part, lacked both a unified command and a clear strategy for winning. With the use of the Royal Navy, the British were able to capture coastal cities, but control of the countryside eluded them. A British sortie from Canada in 1777 ended with the disastrous surrender of a British army at Saratoga. With the coming in 1777 of General von Steuben, the training and discipline along Prussian lines began, and the Continental Army began to evolve into a modern force. France and Spain then entered the war against Great Britain as Allies of the US, ending its naval advantage and escalating the conflict into a world war. The Netherlands later joined France, and the British were outnumbered on land and sea in a world war, as they had no major allies apart from Indian tribes.

question: What battle ended a British invasion from Canada in the Revolutionary War?, answer: Saratoga | question: When was the battle of Saratoga fought?, answer: 1777 | question: What Prussian expatriate helped train the Continental army?, answer: General von Steuben | question: What two European countries entered the Revolutionary War against Britain?, answer: France and Spain | question: What advantage did Britain lose when the European countries entered the war?, answer: its naval advantage
The British—by inclination as well as for practical reasons—had tended to avoid large-scale commitments of troops on the Continent. They sought to offset the disadvantage of this in Europe by allying themselves with one or more Continental powers whose interests were antithetical to those of their enemies, particularly France.:15–16 By subsidising the armies of continental allies, Britain could turn London's enormous financial power to military advantage. In the Seven Years' War, the British chose as their principal partner the greatest general of the day, Frederick the Great of Prussia, then the rising power in central Europe, and paid Frederick substantial subsidies for his campaigns.:106 This was accomplished in the Diplomatic Revolution of 1756, in which Britain ended its long-standing alliance with Austria in favor of Prussia, leaving Austria to side with France. In marked contrast to France, Britain strove to prosecute the war actively in the colonies, taking full advantage of its naval power. :64–66 The British pursued a dual strategy – naval blockade and bombardment of enemy ports, and rapid movement of troops by sea. They harassed enemy shipping and attacked enemy colonies, frequently using colonists from nearby British colonies in the effort.

question: How did the British avoid having large contingents of troops in continental Europe?, answer: allying themselves with one or more Continental powers whose interests were antithetical to those of their enemies, | question: Identify an advantage that Britain had during the Seven Year's War., answer: Britain could turn London's enormous financial power to military advantage | question: Who led the armies supporting British interests in central Europe?, answer: Frederick the Great of Prussia | question: What country was driven into an alliance with France by the British pairing with Prussia?, answer: leaving Austria to side with France | question: How did the British behave in defending their colonies compared to the French approach?, answer: In marked contrast to France, Britain strove to prosecute the war actively in the colonies
The Bronx /ˈbrɒŋks/ is the northernmost of the five boroughs (counties) of New York City in the state of New York, located south of Westchester County. Many bridges and tunnels link the Bronx to the island and borough of Manhattan to the west over and under the narrow Harlem River, as well as three longer bridges south over the East River to the borough of Queens. Of the five boroughs, the Bronx is the only one on the U.S. mainland and, with a land area of 42 square miles (109 km2) and a population of 1,438,159 in 2014, has the fourth largest land area, the fourth highest population, and the third-highest population density.

question: How many boroughs are in NYC?, answer: five | question: Where is the Bronx positioned among NYC boroughs?, answer: northernmost | question: What is the Bronx's population?, answer: 1,438,159 | question: How large is the Bronx?, answer: 42 square miles (109 km2) | question: What is unique about the Bronx's location?, answer: Of the five boroughs, the Bronx is the only one on the U.S. mainland
The Bronx Museum of the Arts, founded in 1971, exhibits 20th century and contemporary art through its central museum space and 11,000 square feet (1,000 m2) of galleries. Many of its exhibitions are on themes of special interest to the Bronx. Its permanent collection features more than 800 works of art, primarily by artists from Africa, Asia and Latin America, including paintings, photographs, prints, drawings, and mixed media. The museum was temporarily closed in 2006 while it underwent a major expansion designed by the architectural firm Arquitectonica.

question: What types of art does the Bronx Museum of the Arts focus on?, answer: 20th century and contemporary art | question: How large are the Bronx Museum of the Arts' galleries?, answer: 11,000 square feet | question: When did the Bronx Museum of the Arts open?, answer: 1971 | question: How many works are in the Bronx Museum of the Arts' permanent collection?, answer: more than 800 | question: Who designed the Bronx Museum of the Arts' 2006 expansion?, answer: Arquitectonica
The Bronx contains one of the five poorest Congressional Districts in the United States, the 15th, but its wide diversity also includes affluent, upper-income and middle-income neighborhoods such as Riverdale, Fieldston, Spuyten Duyvil, Schuylerville, Pelham Bay, Pelham Gardens, Morris Park and Country Club. The Bronx, particularly the South Bronx, saw a sharp decline in population, livable housing, and the quality of life in the late 1960s and the 1970s, culminating in a wave of arson. Since then the communities have shown significant redevelopment starting in the late 1980s before picking up pace in the 1990s into today.

question: How poor is part of the Bronx?, answer: one of the five poorest Congressional Districts in the United States | question: What neighborhoods of the Bronx are more affluent?, answer: Riverdale, Fieldston, Spuyten Duyvil, Schuylerville, Pelham Bay, Pelham Gardens, Morris Park and Country Club | question: When did the South Bronx lose quality of life?, answer: the late 1960s and the 1970s | question: What crime problem happened in the Bronx in the 70s?, answer: arson
The Bronx has also become home to a peculiar poetic tribute, in the form of the Heinrich Heine Memorial, better known as the Lorelei Fountain from one of Heine's best-known works (1838). After Heine's German birthplace of Düsseldorf had rejected, allegedly for anti-Semitic motives, a centennial monument to the radical German-Jewish poet (1797–1856), his incensed German-American admirers, including Carl Schurz, started a movement to place one instead in Midtown Manhattan, at Fifth Avenue and 59th Street. However, this intention was thwarted by a combination of ethnic antagonism, aesthetic controversy and political struggles over the institutional control of public art.

question: When was the Lorelei Fountain written about?, answer: 1838 | question: Where was Heinrich Heine born?, answer: Düsseldorf | question: When was Heine born?, answer: 1797 | question: When did Heine die?, answer: 1856 | question: What ethnicity is Carl Schurz?, answer: German-American
The Bronx has been featured significantly in fiction literature. All of the characters in Herman Wouk's City Boy: The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder (1948) live in the Bronx, and about half of the action is set there. Kate Simon's Bronx Primitive: Portraits of a Childhood is directly autobiographical, a warm account of a Polish-Jewish girl in an immigrant family growing up before World War II, and living near Arthur Avenue and Tremont Avenue. In Jacob M. Appel's short story, "The Grand Concourse" (2007), a woman who grew up in the iconic Lewis Morris Building returns to the Morrisania neighborhood with her adult daughter. Similarly, in Avery Corman's book The Old Neighborhood (1980), an upper-middle class white protagonist returns to his birth neighborhood (Fordham Road and the Grand Concourse), and learns that even though the folks are poor, Hispanic and African-American, they are good people.

question: When was 'City Boy: The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder' published?, answer: 1948 | question: How much of 'City Boy: The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder' is set in the Bronx?, answer: about half | question: Who wrote 'City Boy: The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder'?, answer: Herman Wouk | question: When was 'The Grand Concourse' published?, answer: 2007 | question: Who wrote 'The Grand Concourse'?, answer: Jacob M. Appel
The Bronx has often shown striking differences from other boroughs in elections for Mayor. The only Republican to carry the Bronx since 1914 was Fiorello La Guardia in 1933, 1937 and 1941 (and in the latter two elections, only because his 30-32% vote on the American Labor Party line was added to 22-23% as a Republican). The Bronx was thus the only borough not carried by the successful Republican re-election campaigns of Mayors Rudolph Giuliani in 1997 and Michael Bloomberg in 2005. The anti-war Socialist campaign of Morris Hillquit in the 1917 mayoral election won over 31% of the Bronx's vote, putting him second and well ahead of the 20% won by the incumbent pro-war Fusion Mayor John P. Mitchel, who came in second (ahead of Hillquit) everywhere else and outpolled Hillquit city-wide by 23.2% to 21.7%.

question: Who was the only Republican Mayor candidate to win the Bronx since 1914?, answer: Fiorello La Guardia | question: Who did the Bronx vote against for mayor in 1997?, answer: Rudolph Giuliani | question: Who did the Bronx vote against for mayor in 2005?, answer: Michael Bloomberg | question: What party was Hillquit?, answer: Socialist | question: How much of the Bronx vote did Hillquit get in 1917?, answer: over 31%
The Bronx has several local newspapers, including The Bronx News, Parkchester News, City News, The Riverdale Press, Riverdale Review, The Bronx Times Reporter, Inner City Press (which now has more of a focus on national issues) and Co-Op City Times. Four non-profit news outlets, Norwood News, Mount Hope Monitor, Mott Haven Herald and The Hunts Point Express serve the borough's poorer communities. The editor and co-publisher of The Riverdale Press, Bernard Stein, won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing for his editorials about Bronx and New York City issues in 1998. (Stein graduated from the Bronx High School of Science in 1959.)

question: What does the Inner City Press now focus on?, answer: national issues | question: Who is the Riverdale Press's editor?, answer: Bernard Stein | question: Why did Stein win a Pulitzer?, answer: for his editorials about Bronx and New York City issues | question: When did Stein win a Pulitzer?, answer: 1998 | question: Where did Stein graduate from?, answer: the Bronx High School of Science
The Bronx is almost entirely situated on the North American mainland. The Hudson River separates the Bronx on the west from Alpine, Tenafly and Englewood Cliffs in Bergen County, New Jersey; the Harlem River separates it from the island of Manhattan to the southwest; the East River separates it from Queens to the southeast; and to the east, Long Island Sound separates it from Nassau County in western Long Island. Directly north of the Bronx are (from west to east) the adjoining Westchester County communities of Yonkers, Mount Vernon, Pelham Manor and New Rochelle. (There is also a short southern land boundary with Marble Hill in the Borough of Manhattan, over the filled-in former course of the Spuyten Duyvil Creek. Marble Hill's postal ZIP code, telephonic Area Code and fire service, however, are shared with the Bronx and not Manhattan.)

question: What's on the other side of the Hudson from the Bronx?, answer: Alpine, Tenafly and Englewood Cliffs | question: What county is Tenafly in?, answer: Bergen County | question: What state is Alpine in?, answer: New Jersey | question: What's on the other side of the Harlem River from the Bronx?, answer: Manhattan | question: What's on the other side of the East River from the Bronx?, answer: Queens
The Bronx is home to several Off-Off-Broadway theaters, many staging new works by immigrant playwrights from Latin America and Africa. The Pregones Theater, which produces Latin American work, opened a new 130-seat theater in 2005 on Walton Avenue in the South Bronx. Some artists from elsewhere in New York City have begun to converge on the area, and housing prices have nearly quadrupled in the area since 2002. However rising prices directly correlate to a housing shortage across the city and the entire metro area.

question: Where are many of the Bronx's playwrights from?, answer: Latin America and Africa | question: How many seats does the Pregones' new theater have?, answer: 130 | question: What does the Pregones specialize in?, answer: Latin American work | question: When did the Pregones' new theater open?, answer: 2005 | question: Where is the Pregones' new theater?, answer: on Walton Avenue in the South Bronx
The Bronx is named after Jonas Bronck who created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639. The native Lenape were displaced after 1643 by settlers. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Bronx received many immigrant groups as it was transformed into an urban community, first from various European countries (particularly Ireland, Germany and Italy) and later from the Caribbean region (particularly Puerto Rico, Jamaica and the Dominican Republic), as well as African American migrants from the American South. This cultural mix has made the Bronx a wellspring of both Latin music and hip hop.

question: Who is the Bronx named for?, answer: Jonas Bronck | question: What did Bronck do?, answer: created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony | question: When did Bronck settle in the New York area?, answer: 1639 | question: What native tribe lived in the New York area?, answer: Lenape | question: What types of music the Bronx famous for?, answer: Latin music and hip hop