lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In recognition of his senior position in the Allied command, on December 20, 1944, he was promoted to General of the Army, equivalent to the rank of Field Marshal in most European armies. In this and the previous high commands he held, Eisenhower showed his great talents for leadership and diplomacy. Although he had never seen action himself, he won the respect of front-line commanders. He interacted adeptly with allies such as Winston Churchill, Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery and General Charles de Gaulle. He had serious disagreements with Churchill and Montgomery over questions of strategy, but these rarely upset his relationships with them. He dealt with Soviet Marshal Zhukov, his Russian counterpart, and they became good friends.

question: What European rank was equivalent to that of General of the Army?, answer: Field Marshal | question: On what date did Eisenhower receive his General of the Army appointment?, answer: December 20, 1944 | question: Along with Montgomery, with whom did Eisenhower disagree on strategy?, answer: Churchill | question: What Soviet military leader was a counterpart of Eisenhower?, answer: Zhukov | question: What rank was held by de Gaulle?, answer: General
In response to Cusumano's perspective, Screen Producers Australia executive director Matt Deaner clarified the motivation of the film industry: "Distributors are usually wanting to encourage cinema-going as part of this process [monetizing through returns] and restrict the immediate access to online so as to encourage the maximum number of people to go to the cinema." Deaner further explained the matter in terms of the Australian film industry, stating: "there are currently restrictions on quantities of tax support that a film can receive unless the film has a traditional cinema release."

question: Who made clear the motivations of the filmmakers?, answer: Matt Deaner | question: Who encourages watching movies at a theater as making money from the film?, answer: Distributors | question: What is restricted to ensure the largest number of people see a movie at the theater?, answer: immediate access to online | question: What is restricted unless the film has a traditional theater release?, answer: tax support that a film can receive
In response to Madero's letter to action, Pascual Orozco (a wealthy mining baron) and Chihuahua Governor Abraham González formed a powerful military union in the north, taking military control of several northern Mexican cities with other revolutionary leaders, including Pancho Villa. Against Madero's wishes, Orozco and Villa fought for and won Ciudad Juárez. After militias loyal to Madero defeated the Mexican federal army, on May 21, 1911, Madero signed the Treaty of Ciudad Juárez with Díaz. It required that Díaz abdicate his rule and be replaced by Madero. Insisting on a new election, Madero won overwhelmingly in late 1911, and he established a liberal democracy and received support from the United States and popular leaders such as Orozco and Villa. Orozco eventually became disappointed with the Madero's government and led a rebellion against him. He organized his own army, called "Orozquistas"—also called the Colorados ("Red Flaggers")—after Madero refused to agree to social reforms calling for better working hours, pay and conditions. The rural working class, which had supported Madero, now took up arms against him in support of Orozco.

question: Orozco responded to whose letter to action?, answer: Madero | question: Which governor teamed up with Orozco?, answer: Governor Abraham González | question: Orozco and Villa fought for and won which city?, answer: Ciudad Juárez | question: Madero received support from which country?, answer: United States | question: Orozco's army was called by what name?, answer: Orozquistas
In response to a given problem situation (), a number of competing conjectures, or tentative theories (), are systematically subjected to the most rigorous attempts at falsification possible. This process, error elimination (), performs a similar function for science that natural selection performs for biological evolution. Theories that better survive the process of refutation are not more true, but rather, more "fit"—in other words, more applicable to the problem situation at hand (). Consequently, just as a species' biological fitness does not ensure continued survival, neither does rigorous testing protect a scientific theory from refutation in the future. Yet, as it appears that the engine of biological evolution has, over many generations, produced adaptive traits equipped to deal with more and more complex problems of survival, likewise, the evolution of theories through the scientific method may, in Popper's view, reflect a certain type of progress: toward more and more interesting problems (). For Popper, it is in the interplay between the tentative theories (conjectures) and error elimination (refutation) that scientific knowledge advances toward greater and greater problems; in a process very much akin to the interplay between genetic variation and natural selection.

question: What process in science is like the process of natural selection in nature?, answer: error elimination | question: What is a better description for theories that survive scientific scrutiny than "more true?", answer: more "fit" | question: What is another term for the tentative theories enter the process of error elimination in science?, answer: conjectures | question: Toward what does Popper believe scientific understandings progress?, answer: more and more interesting problems
In response to attribution of recent climate change, the City of Melbourne, in 2002, set a target to reduce carbon emissions to net zero by 2020 and Moreland City Council established the Zero Moreland program, however not all metropolitan municipalities have followed, with the City of Glen Eira notably deciding in 2009 not to become carbon neutral. Melbourne has one of the largest urban footprints in the world due to its low density housing, resulting in a vast suburban sprawl, with a high level of car dependence and minimal public transport outside of inner areas. Much of the vegetation within the city are non-native species, most of European origin, and in many cases plays host to invasive species and noxious weeds. Significant introduced urban pests include the common myna, feral pigeon, brown rat, European wasp, common starling and red fox. Many outlying suburbs, particularly towards the Yarra Valley and the hills to the north-east and east, have gone for extended periods without regenerative fires leading to a lack of saplings and undergrowth in urbanised native bushland. The Department of Sustainability and Environment partially addresses this problem by regularly burning off. Several national parks have been designated around the urban area of Melbourne, including the Mornington Peninsula National Park, Port Phillip Heads Marine National Park and Point Nepean National Park in the south east, Organ Pipes National Park to the north and Dandenong Ranges National Park to the east. There are also a number of significant state parks just outside Melbourne. Responsibility for regulating pollution falls under the jurisdiction of the EPA Victoria and several local councils. Air pollution, by world standards, is classified as being good. Summer and autumn are the worst times of year for atmospheric haze in the urban area.

question: In what year did Melbourne set a target to reduce carbon emissions to net zero?, answer: 2002 | question: Which city notably opted not to become carbon neutral in 2009?, answer: City of Glen Eira | question: By what year did Melbourne state it wished to be completely carbon neutral?, answer: 2020 | question: Does Melbourne have one of the largest or smallest carbon footprints in the world?, answer: largest | question: Who is responsible for regulating pollution in Melbourne?, answer: EPA Victoria and several local councils
In response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players, in 1999, the Home Office tightened its rules for granting work permits to players from countries outside of the European Union. A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country in at least 75 per cent of its competitive 'A' team matches for which he was available for selection during the previous two years, and his country must have averaged at least 70th place in the official FIFA world rankings over the previous two years. If a player does not meet those criteria, the club wishing to sign him may appeal.

question: Why did the Home Office change it rules regardin work permits in 1999?, answer: In response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players | question: What was one of their changes?, answer: A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country in at least 75 per cent of its competitive 'A' team matches | question: What was another requirement of foreign players?, answer: his country must have averaged at least 70th place in the official FIFA world rankings over the previous two years. | question: Could a club appeal a requirement?, answer: If a player does not meet those criteria, the club wishing to sign him may appeal. | question: In which year did the Home Office tighten rules on granting work permits to foreign football players?, answer: 1999 | question: For what percent must a player play of the competitive A team matches for which he was available for selection in the previous two years to get a work permit from the Home OFfice?, answer: 75 | question: Over the last two years, what rank must a player's team average at least in order for them to receive a work permit from the Home Office?, answer: 70th place | question: What can a club do if a player they wish to sign does not meet the Home Office's work permit requirements?, answer: appeal
In response to organized crime, on August 25, 1953, the FBI created the Top Hoodlum Program. The national office directed field offices to gather information on mobsters in their territories and to report it regularly to Washington for a centralized collection of intelligence on racketeers. After the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, or RICO Act, took effect, the FBI began investigating the former Prohibition-organized groups, which had become fronts for crime in major cities and small towns. All of the FBI work was done undercover and from within these organizations, using the provisions provided in the RICO Act. Gradually the agency dismantled many of the groups. Although Hoover initially denied the existence of a National Crime Syndicate in the United States, the Bureau later conducted operations against known organized crime syndicates and families, including those headed by Sam Giancana and John Gotti. The RICO Act is still used today for all organized crime and any individuals who might fall under the Act.

question: What was the Top Hoodlum Program a response to?, answer: organized crime | question: What did the Top Hoodlum Program gather information on?, answer: mobsters | question: After the RICO Act took effect what did the FBI start investigating?, answer: former Prohibition-organized groups | question: What groups did Hoover deny the existence of?, answer: National Crime Syndicate | question: Is the RICO Act still used today?, answer: The RICO Act is still used
In response to the 1966 ruling by the International Court of Justice, South-West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) military wing, People's Liberation Army of Namibia, a guerrilla group began their armed struggle for independence, but it was not until 1988 that South Africa agreed to end its occupation of Namibia, in accordance with a UN peace plan for the entire region. During the South African occupation of Namibia, white commercial farmers, most of whom came as settlers from South Africa and represented 0.2% of the national population, owned 74% of the arable land. Outside the central-southern area of Namibia (known as the "Police Zone" since the German era and which contained the main towns, industries, mines and best arable land), the country was divided into "homelands", the version of South African bantustan applied to Namibia, although only a few were actually established because indigenous Namibians often did not cooperate.

question: Which guerrilla group fought for Namibia's independence?, answer: People's Liberation Army of Namibia | question: When did a guerrilla group fight for Namibia's independence?, answer: 1966 | question: When did South Africa end occupation of Namibia?, answer: 1988 | question: Why did South Africa end occupation in Namibia?, answer: UN peace plan | question: What is the central-southern area of Namibia known as?, answer: Police Zone
In response to the 2007 United States Air Force nuclear weapons incident, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates accepted in June 2009 the resignations of Secretary of the Air Force Michael Wynne and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force General T. Michael Moseley. Moseley's successor, General Norton A. Schwartz, a former tactical airlift and special operations pilot was the first officer appointed to that position who did not have a background as a fighter or bomber pilot. The Washington Post reported in 2010 that General Schwartz began to dismantle the rigid class system of the USAF, particularly in the officer corps.

question: What US Secretary of Defense accepted resignations of top US Air Force officials in June of 2009?, answer: Robert Gates | question: What US Secretary of the Air Force resigned following a nuclear weapons problem ?, answer: Michael Wynne | question: Who was appointed to the Chief of Staff of the Air Force following Mosley's resignation?, answer: General Norton A. Schwartz | question: What newspaper reported on Schwartz's dismantlement of the US Air Force's class system?, answer: The Washington Post
In response to the September 11 attacks, and as part of the Global War on Terror, U.S. and NATO forces invaded Afghanistan in October 2001, displacing the Taliban government. The U.S. Army also led the combined U.S. and allied invasion of Iraq in 2003. It served as the primary source for ground forces with its ability to sustain short and long-term deployment operations. In the following years the mission changed from conflict between regular militaries to counterinsurgency, resulting in the deaths of more than 4,000 U.S service members (as of March 2008) and injuries to thousands more. 23,813 insurgents were killed in Iraq between 2003–2011.

question: Which country was invaded by the U.S. in October 2001?, answer: Afghanistan | question: The U.S. Army invaded Iraq in what year?, answer: 2003 | question: About how many U.S. soldiers died as of March 2008 due to counterinsurgency?, answer: more than 4,000 | question: How many Iraqi insurgents were killed from 2003-2011?, answer: 23,813
In response to the criticism of the Kinsey scale only measuring two dimensions of sexual orientation, Fritz Klein developed the Klein sexual orientation grid (KSOG), a multidimensional scale for describing sexual orientation. Introduced in Klein's book The Bisexual Option, the KSOG uses a 7-point scale to assess seven different dimensions of sexuality at three different points in an individual's life: past (from early adolescence up to one year ago), present (within the last 12 months), and ideal (what would you choose if it were completely your choice).

question: What does KSOG stand for?, answer: Klein sexual orientation grid | question: Who invented the KSOG?, answer: Fritz Klein | question: Why did pritz klein come up with the KSOG?, answer: response to the criticism of the Kinsey scale only measuring two dimensions of sexual orientation | question: What kind of scale does the KSOG use?, answer: a 7-point scale | question: What three points in life does the KSOG evaluate?, answer: past (from early adolescence up to one year ago), present (within the last 12 months), and ideal (what would you choose if it were completely your choice).
In response to the demands, in 1987 the Federal District received a greater degree of autonomy, with the elaboration the first Statute of Government (Estatuto de Gobierno), and the creation of an Assembly of Representatives.[citation needed] In the 1990s, this autonomy was further expanded and, starting from 1997, residents can directly elect the head of government of the Federal District and the representatives of a unicameral Legislative Assembly (which succeeded the previous Assembly) by popular vote.

question: When did the Federal District receive more power?, answer: 1987 | question: When did citizens receive the right to elect the head of the Federal District?, answer: 1997 | question: How is the leader of Mexico City now established?, answer: popular vote | question: What gave the Federal District more autonomy?, answer: first Statute of Government
In response to the early-to-mid-17th century "continental rationalism" John Locke (1632–1704) proposed in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689) a very influential view wherein the only knowledge humans can have is a posteriori, i.e., based upon experience. Locke is famously attributed with holding the proposition that the human mind is a tabula rasa, a "blank tablet", in Locke's words "white paper", on which the experiences derived from sense impressions as a person's life proceeds are written. There are two sources of our ideas: sensation and reflection. In both cases, a distinction is made between simple and complex ideas. The former are unanalysable, and are broken down into primary and secondary qualities. Primary qualities are essential for the object in question to be what it is. Without specific primary qualities, an object would not be what it is. For example, an apple is an apple because of the arrangement of its atomic structure. If an apple was structured differently, it would cease to be an apple. Secondary qualities are the sensory information we can perceive from its primary qualities. For example, an apple can be perceived in various colours, sizes, and textures but it is still identified as an apple. Therefore, its primary qualities dictate what the object essentially is, while its secondary qualities define its attributes. Complex ideas combine simple ones, and divide into substances, modes, and relations. According to Locke, our knowledge of things is a perception of ideas that are in accordance or discordance with each other, which is very different from the quest for certainty of Descartes.

question: When was 'An Essay Concerning Human Understanding' published?, answer: 1689 | question: Who wrote 'An Essay Concerning Human Understanding'?, answer: John Locke | question: What does 'tabula rasa' mean?, answer: blank tablet | question: What did Locke say 'tabula rasa' meant?, answer: white paper | question: What did Locke's 'tabula rasa' concept say happens to the mind?, answer: on which the experiences derived from sense impressions as a person's life proceeds are written
In response to the pressure on Hot AC, a new kind of AC format cropped up among American radio recently. The urban adult contemporary format (a term coined by Barry Mayo) usually attracts a large number of African Americans and sometimes Caucasian listeners through playing a great deal of R&B (without any form of rapping), gospel music, classic soul and dance music (including disco).

question: Who invented the term "urban adult contemporary format"?, answer: Barry Mayo | question: What demographic group is the urban adult contemporary format marketed to?, answer: African Americans | question: What style of singing is absent from R&B played on urban adult contemporary format stations?, answer: rapping | question: Along with R&B, gospel and dance music, what type of music is represented on urban adult contemporary stations?, answer: classic soul | question: Urban adult contemporary music came into being because of pressure on what previously existing format?, answer: Hot AC
In response to the publication of the secret protocols and other secret German–Soviet relations documents in the State Department edition Nazi–Soviet Relations (1948), Stalin published Falsifiers of History, which included the claim that, during the Pact's operation, Stalin rejected Hitler's claim to share in a division of the world, without mentioning the Soviet offer to join the Axis. That version persisted, without exception, in historical studies, official accounts, memoirs and textbooks published in the Soviet Union until the Soviet Union's dissolution.

question: What year was Joseph Stalin’s version of the pact published?, answer: 1948 | question: What was the Soviet response to the Nazi-Soviet Relations publication, answer: Falsifiers of History | question: How long did Stalins version of what happened between the Germans and the Soviets last?, answer: until the Soviet Union's dissolution
In response to these hardware flaws, "Nintendo Authorized Repair Centers" sprang up across the U.S. According to Nintendo, the authorization program was designed to ensure that the machines were properly repaired. Nintendo would ship the necessary replacement parts only to shops that had enrolled in the authorization program. In practice, the authorization process consisted of nothing more than paying a fee to Nintendo for the privilege. In a recent trend, many sites have sprung up to offer Nintendo repair parts, guides, and services that replace those formerly offered by the authorized repair centers.

question: To address the shoddy hardware, what popped up across the United States?, answer: Nintendo Authorized Repair Centers | question: What did the repair centers promise?, answer: ensure that the machines were properly repaired | question: What was done to have the privilege of working on an NES for repair?, answer: paying a fee
In response, Apple introduced a range of relatively inexpensive Macs in October 1990. The Macintosh Classic, essentially a less expensive version of the Macintosh SE, was the least expensive Mac offered until early 2001. The 68020-powered Macintosh LC, in its distinctive "pizza box" case, offered color graphics and was accompanied by a new, low-cost 512×384 pixel monitor. The Macintosh IIsi was essentially a 20 MHz IIci with only one expansion slot. All three machines sold well, although Apple's profit margin on them was considerably lower than that on earlier models.

question: What did Apple introduce in 1990 to combat competition from smartphones?, answer: relatively inexpensive Macs | question: What was the less expensive version of the Macintosh SE that was offered until 2001?, answer: The Macintosh Classic | question: Which Macintosh had a distinctive "pizza box" case?, answer: LC | question: How many expansion slots did the Macintosh IIsi have?, answer: only one | question: How did Apple's profit margin on the lower cost Mac's compare to the profit margin onearlier models?, answer: considerably lower