lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Oklahoma's centennial celebration was named the top event in the United States for 2007 by the American Bus Association, and consisted of multiple celebrations saving with the 100th anniversary of statehood on November 16, 2007. Annual ethnic festivals and events take place throughout the state such as Native American powwows and ceremonial events, and include festivals (as examples) in Scottish, Irish, German, Italian, Vietnamese, Chinese, Czech, Jewish, Arab, Mexican and African-American communities depicting cultural heritage or traditions.

question: When was Oklahoma's centennial year?, answer: 2007 | question: When was the exact hundredth anniversary of Oklahoma's statehood?, answer: November 16, 2007 | question: What organization said Oklahoma's centennial was the top event in the US that year?, answer: American Bus Association | question: What do ethnic festivals depict?, answer: cultural heritage or traditions
Oklahoma's judicial branch consists of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, and 77 District Courts that each serves one county. The Oklahoma judiciary also contains two independent courts: a Court of Impeachment and the Oklahoma Court on the Judiciary. Oklahoma has two courts of last resort: the state Supreme Court hears civil cases, and the state Court of Criminal Appeals hears criminal cases (this split system exists only in Oklahoma and neighboring Texas). Judges of those two courts, as well as the Court of Civil Appeals are appointed by the Governor upon the recommendation of the state Judicial Nominating Commission, and are subject to a non-partisan retention vote on a six-year rotating schedule.

question: How many district courts does Oklahoma have?, answer: 77 | question: How many counties does Oklahoma have?, answer: 77 | question: What is the civil court of last resort in Oklahoma?, answer: the state Supreme Court | question: What is the only other state with two courts of last resort?, answer: Texas | question: What is the criminal court of last resort in Oklahoma?, answer: the state Court of Criminal Appeals
Oklahoma's largest commercial airport is Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City, averaging a yearly passenger count of more than 3.5 million (1.7 million boardings) in 2010. Tulsa International Airport, the state's second largest commercial airport, served more than 1.3 million boardings in 2010. Between the two, six airlines operate in Oklahoma. In terms of traffic, R. L. Jones Jr. (Riverside) Airport in Tulsa is the state's busiest airport, with 335,826 takeoffs and landings in 2008. In total, Oklahoma has over 150 public-use airports.

question: What is the largest commercial airport in Oklahoma?, answer: Will Rogers World Airport | question: Where is Oklahoma's largest airport?, answer: Oklahoma City | question: How many people boarded in Will Rogers World Airport in 2010?, answer: 1.7 million | question: How many different airlines operate in Oklahoma?, answer: six | question: How many public airports does Oklahoma have?, answer: over 150
Old Dutch naturally evolved into Middle Dutch. The year 1150 is often cited as the time of the discontinuity, but it actually marks a time of profuse Dutch writing and during this period a rich Medieval Dutch literature developed. There was at that time no overarching standard language; Middle Dutch is rather a collective name for a number of closely related dialects whose ancestor was Old Dutch. But they were all mutually intelligible. In fact, since Dutch is a rather conservative language, the various literary works of that time today are often very readable for modern-day speakers.

question: What language did Middle Dutch come from?, answer: Old Dutch | question: What year do some researchers say marked the point when Old Dutch morphed?, answer: 1150 | question: Rather than a single language, what group sharing origins in Old Dutch does the term "Middle Dutch" refer to?, answer: closely related dialects | question: Would a text written in Middle Dutch be readable or unintelligible for a Dutch speaker today?, answer: readable
Old English (Ænglisc, Anglisc, Englisc) or Anglo-Saxon is the earliest historical form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers probably in the mid 5th century, and the first Old English literary works date from the mid 7th century. After the Norman Conquest of 1066, English was replaced for a time as the language of the upper classes by Anglo-Norman, a relative of French, and Old English developed into the next historical form of English, known as Middle English.

question: What is the name of the English language's earliest form?, answer: Old English | question: In what parts of Scotland was Old English spoken?, answer: southern and eastern | question: in what historical period was Old English spoken?, answer: the early Middle Ages | question: What people brought Old English to Britain?, answer: Anglo-Saxon settlers | question: What language developed from Old English?, answer: Middle English
Old English contained a certain number of loanwords from Latin, which was the scholarly and diplomatic lingua franca of Western Europe. It is sometimes possible to give approximate dates for the borrowing of individual Latin words based on which patterns of sound change they have undergone. Some Latin words had already been borrowed into the Germanic languages before the ancestral Angles and Saxons left continental Europe for Britain. More entered the language when the Anglo-Saxons were converted to Christianity and Latin-speaking priests became influential. It was also through Irish Christian missionaries that the Latin alphabet was introduced and adapted for the writing of Old English, replacing the earlier runic system. Nonetheless, the largest transfer of Latin-based (mainly Old French) words into English occurred after the Norman Conquest of 1066, and thus in the Middle English rather than the Old English period.

question: From what language did Old English borrow some words?, answer: Latin | question: What individuals introduced the Latin alphabet to the speakers of Old English?, answer: Irish Christian missionaries | question: After the Norman Conquest, Latin words entered English via what language?, answer: Old French | question: Before the introduction of the Latin alphabet, how was Old English written?, answer: runic system | question: In what year did the Norman Conquest occur?, answer: 1066
Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Latin, brought to Britain by Roman invasion. Old English had four main dialects, associated with particular Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish and West Saxon. It was West Saxon that formed the basis for the literary standard of the later Old English period, although the dominant forms of Middle and Modern English would develop mainly from Mercian. The speech of eastern and northern parts of England was subject to strong Old Norse influence due to Scandinavian rule and settlement beginning in the 9th century.

question: What is another name for Anglo-Frisian?, answer: North Sea Germanic | question: What language family did Common Brittonic belong to?, answer: Celtic | question: How was the Latin language brought to Britain?, answer: Roman invasion | question: In what century did Scandinavian settlement begin in northern England?, answer: 9th | question: Along with the Angles and Saxons, what tribe spoke Anglo-Frisian?, answer: Jutes
Old English is a West Germanic language, developing out of Ingvaeonic (also known as North Sea Germanic) dialects from the 5th century. It came to be spoken over most of the territory of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms which became the Kingdom of England. This included most of present-day England, as well as part of what is now southeastern Scotland, which for several centuries belonged to the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria. Other parts of the island – Wales and most of Scotland – continued to use Celtic languages, except in the areas of Scandinavian settlements where Old Norse was spoken. Celtic speech also remained established in certain parts of England: Medieval Cornish was spoken all over Cornwall and in adjacent parts of Devon, while Cumbric survived perhaps to the 12th century in parts of Cumbria, and Welsh may have been spoken on the English side of the Anglo-Welsh border. Norse was also widely spoken in the parts of England which fell under Danish law.

question: What language family does Old English belong to?, answer: West Germanic | question: What is another name for Ingvaeonic?, answer: North Sea Germanic | question: In what century did Old English first develop?, answer: 5th | question: What Anglo-Saxon kingdom ruled parts of modern-day Scotland?, answer: Northumbria | question: What language was spoken in Cornwall?, answer: Medieval Cornish
Old English is one of the West Germanic languages, and its closest relatives are Old Frisian and Old Saxon. Like other old Germanic languages, it is very different from Modern English and difficult for Modern English speakers to understand without study. Old English grammar is quite similar to that of modern German: nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and verbs have many inflectional endings and forms, and word order is much freer. The oldest Old English inscriptions were written using a runic system, but from about the 9th century this was replaced by a version of the Latin alphabet.

question: To what language group does Old English belong?, answer: West Germanic | question: Along with Old Saxon, what language is closely related to Old English?, answer: Old Frisian | question: To what modern language is Old English similar?, answer: German | question: In what century did the Latin alphabet replace the runic system in Old English writing?, answer: 9th
Old English nouns had grammatical gender, a feature absent in modern English, which uses only natural gender. For example, the words sunne ("sun"), mōna ("moon") and wīf ("woman/wife") were respectively feminine, masculine and neuter; this is reflected, among other things, in the form of the definite article used with these nouns: sēo sunne ("the sun"), se mōna ("the moon"), þæt wīf ("the woman/wife"). Pronoun usage could reflect either natural or grammatical gender, when those conflicted (as in the case of wīf, a neuter noun referring to a female person).

question: What type of gender did Old English nouns possess?, answer: grammatical | question: What type of gender is present in modern English nouns?, answer: natural | question: What was a feminine word in Old English?, answer: sunne | question: What was the grammatical gender of the Old English word for wife?, answer: neuter | question: What was a masculine word in Old English?, answer: mōna
Old English was not static, and its usage covered a period of 700 years, from the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the 5th century to the late 11th century, some time after the Norman invasion. While indicating that the establishment of dates is an arbitrary process, Albert Baugh dates Old English from 450 to 1150, a period of full inflections, a synthetic language. Perhaps around 85 per cent of Old English words are no longer in use, but those that survived, to be sure, are basic elements of Modern English vocabulary.

question: For about how many years was Old English used?, answer: 700 | question: In what century was Old English first used?, answer: 5th | question: In what century did Old English cease to be used?, answer: 11th | question: According to Albert Baugh, what was the period in which Old English was used?, answer: 450 to 1150 | question: About what percentage of Old English words are not present in Modern English?, answer: 85
Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The latter would as a consequence evolve with Allemanic into Old High German. At more or less the same time the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law led to the development of Old Saxon, Old Frisian (Anglo-Frisian) and Old English (Anglo-Saxon). Hardly influenced by either development, Old Dutch remained close to the original language of the Franks, the people that would rule Europe for centuries. The language however, did experienced developments on its own, like final-obstruent devoicing in a very early stage. In fact, by judging from the find at Bergakker, it would seem that the language already experienced this characteristic during the Old Frankish period.

question: What's another name for Old Frisian?, answer: Anglo-Frisian | question: What's another name for Old English?, answer: Anglo-Saxon | question: What language stayed very similar to the language spoken by Franks?, answer: Old Dutch | question: What period is the Bergakker inscription from that shows characteristics of the Old Dutch language?, answer: Old Frankish | question: What's another name for Old Dutch that demonstrates its difference from German Franconian?, answer: Old Low Franconian
Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically to /ja/ or /ʲa/. While these older letters have been abandoned at one time or another, they may be used in this and related articles. The yers ⟨ъ⟩ and ⟨ь⟩ originally indicated the pronunciation of ultra-short or reduced /ŭ/, /ĭ/.

question: What did the old letter ⟨ѣ⟩ become?, answer: ⟨е⟩ | question: What did the old letters ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩ become?, answer: ⟨и⟩ | question: What did the old letter ⟨ѳ⟩ become?, answer: ⟨ф⟩ | question: What did the old letter ⟨ѫ⟩ become?, answer: ⟨у⟩ | question: What did the old letter ⟨ѭ⟩ become?, answer: ⟨ю⟩
Older operating systems such as TOPS-10, along with CP/M, tracked file length only in units of disk blocks and used Control-Z (SUB) to mark the end of the actual text in the file. For this reason, EOF, or end-of-file, was used colloquially and conventionally as a three-letter acronym for Control-Z instead of SUBstitute. The end-of-text code (ETX), also known as Control-C, was inappropriate for a variety of reasons, while using Z as the control code to end a file is analogous to it ending the alphabet and serves as a very convenient mnemonic aid. A historically common and still prevalent convention uses the ETX code convention to interrupt and halt a program via an input data stream, usually from a keyboard.

question: What does EOF stand for?, answer: end-of-file | question: What is still the conventional use of the ETX code?, answer: to interrupt and halt a program via an input data stream, usually from a keyboard | question: What did older operating systems use to mark the end of the text?, answer: Control-Z (SUB) | question: What else is the end-of-text code known as?, answer: Control-C
Older or stripped-down systems may support only the TZ values required by POSIX, which specify at most one start and end rule explicitly in the value. For example, TZ='EST5EDT,M3.2.0/02:00,M11.1.0/02:00' specifies time for the eastern United States starting in 2007. Such a TZ value must be changed whenever DST rules change, and the new value applies to all years, mishandling some older timestamps.

question: Less sophisticated systems might just support a TZ value with one start rule and how many end rules?, answer: one | question: When must TZ values be changed on an older system?, answer: whenever DST rules change | question: What does the TZ value EST5EDT,M3.2.0/02:00,M11.1.0/02:00 specify?, answer: time for the eastern United States starting in 2007 | question: What years will a new TZ value apply to?, answer: all years | question: What's might a new TZ value mishandle when it changes with new DST rules?, answer: older timestamps
Olin has a network of more than 16,000 alumni worldwide. Over the last several years, the school’s endowment has increased to $213 million (2004) and annual gifts average $12 million per year.[citation needed] Simon Hall was opened in 1986 after a donation from John E. Simon. On May 2, 2014, the $90 million conjoined Knight and Bauer Halls were dedicated, following a $15 million gift from Charles F. Knight and Joanne Knight and a $10 million gift from George and Carol Bauer through the Bauer Foundation.

question: How many alumni does Olin Business School have worldwide?, answer: more than 16,000 alumni | question: When was Simon Hall opened?, answer: 1986 | question: What is the amount of Olin Business School's endowment as of 2004?, answer: $213 million | question: Who provided the donation that enabled the opening Simon Hall?, answer: John E. Simon | question: When were Knight and Bauer Halls dedicated?, answer: May 2, 2014
On 1 April, Alexander addressed the Sénat conservateur. Long docile to Napoleon, under Talleyrand's prodding it had turned against him. Alexander told the Sénat that the Allies were fighting against Napoleon, not France, and they were prepared to offer honorable peace terms if Napoleon were removed from power. The next day, the Sénat passed the Acte de déchéance de l'Empereur ("Emperor's Demise Act"), which declared Napoleon deposed. Napoleon had advanced as far as Fontainebleau when he learned that Paris was lost. When Napoleon proposed the army march on the capital, his senior officers and marshals mutinied. On 4 April, led by Ney, they confronted Napoleon. Napoleon asserted the army would follow him, and Ney replied the army would follow its generals. While the ordinary soldiers and regimental officers wanted to fight on, without any senior officers or marshals any prospective invasion of Paris would have been impossible. Bowing to the inevitable, on 4 April Napoleon abdicated in favour of his son, with Marie-Louise as regent. However, the Allies refused to accept this under prodding from Alexander, who feared that Napoleon might find an excuse to retake the throne. Napoleon was then forced to announce his unconditional abdication only two days later.

question: On what date did Alexander speak to the Sénat conservateur?, answer: 1 April | question: The Sénat conservateur became hostile to Napoleon due to whose efforts?, answer: Talleyrand's | question: What was the act passed by the Sénat conservateur that deposed Napoleon?, answer: the Acte de déchéance de l'Empereur | question: Where had Napoleon advanced to when he received word that Paris was lost?, answer: Fontainebleau | question: What did Napoleon's senior officers and marshals do when he suggested they march on Paris?, answer: mutinied
On 1 August, the British fleet under Horatio Nelson captured or destroyed all but two French vessels in the Battle of the Nile, defeating Bonaparte's goal to strengthen the French position in the Mediterranean. His army had succeeded in a temporary increase of French power in Egypt, though it faced repeated uprisings. In early 1799, he moved an army into the Ottoman province of Damascus (Syria and Galilee). Bonaparte led these 13,000 French soldiers in the conquest of the coastal towns of Arish, Gaza, Jaffa, and Haifa. The attack on Jaffa was particularly brutal. Bonaparte discovered that many of the defenders were former prisoners of war, ostensibly on parole, so he ordered the garrison and 1,400 prisoners to be executed by bayonet or drowning to save bullets. Men, women, and children were robbed and murdered for three days.

question: In what battle did the British fleet seize or destroy most of the French vessels in Egypt?, answer: the Battle of the Nile | question: Who led the British during the Battle of the Nile?, answer: Horatio Nelson | question: In what year did Napoleon lead his army into Damascus?, answer: 1799 | question: During the battles in Damascus, the attack on which city was know for its brutality?, answer: Jaffa | question: Approximately how many troops were in the army Napoleon led into Damascus?, answer: 13,000
On 1 January 1967, Yugoslavia was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors and abolish visa requirements. In the same year Tito became active in promoting a peaceful resolution of the Arab–Israeli conflict. His plan called for Arabs to recognize the state of Israel in exchange for territories Israel gained.

question: Who was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors?, answer: Yugoslavia | question: In what year did the first communist country open its borders to all foreign visitors?, answer: 1967 | question: When did Tito start promoting a peaceful resolution to the Arab-Israeli conflict?, answer: 1967 | question: Whose plan called for Arabs to recognize the state of Israel in exchange for territories Israel gained?, answer: Tito | question: In what year did Tito start working in Arab Israeli peace processes?, answer: 1967
On 1 March 1951 Mao sent a cable to Stalin, in which he emphasized the difficulties faced by Chinese forces and the urgent need for air cover, especially over supply lines. Apparently impressed by the Chinese war effort, Stalin finally agreed to supply two air force divisions, three anti-aircraft divisions, and six thousand trucks. PVA troops in Korea continued to suffer severe logistical problems throughout the war. In late April Peng Dehuai sent his deputy, Hong Xuezhi, to brief Zhou Enlai in Beijing. What Chinese soldiers feared, Hong said, was not the enemy, but that they had nothing to eat, no bullets to shoot, and no trucks to transport them to the rear when they were wounded. Zhou attempted to respond to the PVA's logistical concerns by increasing Chinese production and improving methods of supply, but these efforts were never completely sufficient. At the same time, large-scale air defense training programs were carried out, and the Chinese Air Force began to participate in the war from September 1951 onward.

question: Why did Stalin send two air forces divisions and other assistance to the Chinese?, answer: the Chinese war effort | question: What issues plagued the PVA throughout the war?, answer: logistical problems | question: What was a great concern of many Chinese troops?, answer: they had nothing to eat | question: What was Zhou's ineffective response to the issue plaguing the PVA?, answer: increasing Chinese production and improving methods of supply | question: What did China introduce to the war in 1951?, answer: the Chinese Air Force
On 1 May, The Sun claimed to have 'sponsored' a British missile. Under the headline "Stick This Up Your Junta: A Sun missile for Galtieri’s gauchos", the newspaper published a photograph of a missile, (actually a Polaris missile stock shot from the Ministry of Defence) which had a large Sun logo printed on its side with the caption "Here It Comes, Senors..." underneath. The paper explained that it was 'sponsoring' the missile by contributing to the eventual victory party on HMS Invincible when the war ended. In copy written by Wendy Henry, the paper said that the missile would shortly be used against Argentinian forces. Despite this, it was not well received by the troops and copies of The Sun were soon burnt. Tony Snow, The Sun journalist on HMS Invincible who had 'signed' the missile, reported a few days later that it had hit an Argentinian target.

question: What did The Sun state that had it taken sponsorship of?, answer: a British missile | question: What did the wording on the side of The Sun missile state?, answer: "Here It Comes, Senors..." | question: Who did The Sun state that the missile would be used against?, answer: Argentinian forces | question: How did troops react to the missile?, answer: it was not well received | question: What was the name of The Sun journalist who reported on the missile?, answer: Tony Snow