lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594.

question: The Spanish Armada suffered a defeat in what year?, answer: 1588 | question: What was the first year the London merchants were granted permission to sail the Indina Ocean?, answer: 1589 | question: Who did the London merchants petition to get permission to sail the Indian Ocean?, answer: Queen Elizabeth I | question: how many ships sailed Torbay?, answer: three | question: who returned to england after sailing around Cape Comorin?, answer: Edward Bonventure | question: in this paragraph the Spanish Armada suffered a defeat in what year?, answer: 1588 | question: how many ships sailed from Torbay?, answer: three
Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constituted. Barnes commented that the Act's purpose was not protecting the architectural profession, and that the legitimate interests of the profession were best served by the (then) architectural associations in which some 80 per cent of those practising architecture were to be found.

question: When did the Royal Institute celebrate its 100th anniversary?, answer: 1934 | question: Who was the head of the Registration Committee in 1934?, answer: Harry Barnes | question: In 1934, what percentage of architects were members of professional organizations?, answer: 80 per cent | question: Who did Barnes believe was best able to advance the interests of architects?, answer: architectural associations | question: What specific institution did Barnes indicate could not be a rival of the Royal Institute?, answer: ARCUK
Soon after the war began, General MacArthur had begun planning a landing at Incheon, but the Pentagon opposed him. When authorized, he activated a combined U.S. Army and Marine Corps, and ROK Army force. The X Corps, led by General Edward Almond, Commander, consisted of 40,000 men of the 1st Marine Division, the 7th Infantry Division and around 8,600 ROK Army soldiers. By 15 September, the amphibious assault force faced few KPA defenders at Incheon: military intelligence, psychological warfare, guerrilla reconnaissance, and protracted bombardment facilitated a relatively light battle. However, the bombardment destroyed most of the city of Incheon.

question: Who initially opposed General MacArthur's landing plan?, answer: the Pentagon | question: What Corps included 40,000 men from the 1st Marine Division?, answer: The X Corps | question: Who coordinated the efforts of the ROK Army, Marine Corps and the US Army to stage a successful battle?, answer: General Edward Almond
Soon after, a Russian cavalry movement was countered by the Heavy Brigade, who charged and fought hand-to-hand until the Russians retreated. This caused a more widespread Russian retreat, including a number of their artillery units. When the local commanders failed to take advantage of the retreat, Lord Raglan sent out orders to move up. The local commanders ignored the demands, leading to the British aide-de-camp personally delivering a quickly written and confusing order to attack the artillery. When the Earl of Cardigan questioned what they referred to, the aide-de-camp pointed to the first Russian battery he could see – the wrong one.

question: Who countered the Russian cavalry's movement?, answer: Heavy Brigade | question: Who failed to take advantage of the retreat?, answer: local commanders | question: Who sent the order to have them advance their position?, answer: Lord Raglan | question: Who ignored Lord Raglan's advice to advance?, answer: The local commanders
Soon, Laemmle and other disgruntled nickelodeon owners decided to avoid paying Edison by producing their own pictures. In June 1909, Laemmle started the Yankee Film Company with partners Abe Stern and Julius Stern. That company quickly evolved into the Independent Moving Pictures Company (IMP), with studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey, where many early films in America's first motion picture industry were produced in the early 20th century. Laemmle broke with Edison's custom of refusing to give billing and screen credits to performers. By naming the movie stars, he attracted many of the leading players of the time, contributing to the creation of the star system. In 1910, he promoted Florence Lawrence, formerly known as "The Biograph Girl", and actor King Baggot, in what may be the first instance of a studio using stars in its marketing.

question: What company did Laemmle found in June 1909?, answer: Yankee Film Company | question: Who were Laemmle's business partners in the Yankee Film Company?, answer: Abe Stern and Julius Stern | question: In what city and state was the Independent Moving Pictures Company based?, answer: Fort Lee, New Jersey | question: What was a nickname of Florence Lawrence?, answer: The Biograph Girl | question: What actor did Laemmle promote?, answer: King Baggot
Soteriologically, most Methodists are Arminian, emphasizing that Christ accomplished salvation for every human being, and that humans must exercise an act of the will to receive it (as opposed to the traditional Calvinist doctrine of monergism). Methodism is traditionally low church in liturgy, although this varies greatly between individual congregations; the Wesleys themselves greatly valued the Anglican liturgy and tradition. Methodism is known for its rich musical tradition; John Wesley's brother, Charles, was instrumental in writing much of the hymnody of the Methodist Church, and many other eminent hymn writers come from the Methodist tradition.

question: What is Methodism known for, as far as music goes?, answer: its rich musical tradition | question: Methodists believe that Christ achieved salvation for whom?, answer: every human being | question: What do Methodists believe that one must do to receive Christ's salvation?, answer: exercise an act of the will | question: Who wrote most of the Methodist hymns?, answer: John Wesley's brother, Charles | question: What Calvinist doctrine is focuses on salvation?, answer: monergism
Soul and disco influenced house music, plus mixing and editing techniques earlier explored by disco, garage music and post-disco DJs, producers, and audio engineers such as Walter Gibbons, Tom Moulton, Jim Burgess, Larry Levan, Ron Hardy, M & M, and others who produced longer, more repetitive, and percussive arrangements of existing disco recordings. Early house producers such as Frankie Knuckles created similar compositions from scratch, using samplers, synthesizers, sequencers, and drum machines.

question: What influenced House music?, answer: Soul and disco | question: What type of producer was Frankie Knuckles?, answer: Early house producers | question: what did Frankie Knuckles use to create his compositions?, answer: samplers, synthesizers, sequencers, and drum machines
Sound could be stored in either analog or digital format and in a variety of surround sound formats; NTSC discs could carry two analog audio tracks, plus two uncompressed PCM digital audio tracks, which were (EFM, CIRC, 16-bit and 44.056 kHz sample rate). PAL discs could carry one pair of audio tracks, either analog or digital and the digital tracks on a PAL disc were 16-bit 44.1 kHz as on a CD; in the UK, the term "LaserVision" is used to refer to discs with analog sound, while "LaserDisc" is used for those with digital audio. The digital sound signal in both formats are EFM-encoded as in CD. Dolby Digital (also called AC-3) and DTS—which are now common on DVD titles—first became available on LaserDisc, and Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999) which was released on LaserDisc in Japan, is among the first home video releases ever to include 6.1 channel Dolby Digital EX Surround. Unlike DVDs, which carry Dolby Digital audio in digital form, LaserDiscs store Dolby Digital in a frequency modulated form within a track normally used for analog audio. Extracting Dolby Digital from a LaserDisc required a player equipped with a special "AC-3 RF" output and an external demodulator in addition to an AC-3 decoder. The demodulator was necessary to convert the 2.88 MHz modulated AC-3 information on the disc into a 384 kbit/s signal that the decoder could handle. DTS audio, when available on a disc, replaced the digital audio tracks; hearing DTS sound required only an S/PDIF compliant digital connection to a DTS decoder.

question: What was the difference between LaserDisc and LaserVision in the UK?, answer: "LaserVision" is used to refer to discs with analog sound, while "LaserDisc" is used for those with digital audio | question: The Phantom Menace was one of the first home videos to use what sound format?, answer: 6.1 channel Dolby Digital EX Surround. | question: What sound formatting do DVDs use?, answer: Dolby Digital audio in digital form
South Africa occupied the colony in 1915 after defeating the German force during World War I and administered it from 1919 onward as a League of Nations mandate territory. Although the South African government desired to incorporate 'South-West Africa' into its territory, it never officially did so, although it was administered as the de facto 'fifth province', with the white minority having representation in the whites-only Parliament of South Africa, as well as electing their own local administration the SWA Legislative Assembly. The South African government also appointed the SWA administrator, who had extensive powers. Following the League's replacement by the United Nations in 1946, South Africa refused to surrender its earlier mandate to be replaced by a United Nations Trusteeship agreement, requiring closer international monitoring of the territory's administration (along with a definite independence schedule). The Herero Chief's Council submitted a number of petitions to the UN calling for it to grant Namibia independence during the 1950s. During the 1960s, when European powers granted independence to their colonies and trust territories in Africa, pressure mounted on South Africa to do so in Namibia. In 1966 the International Court of Justice dismissed a complaint brought by Ethiopia and Liberia against South Africa's continued presence in the territory, but the U.N. General Assembly subsequently revoked South Africa's mandate, while in 1971 the International Court of Justice issued an "advisory opinion" declaring South Africa's continued administration to be illegal.

question: When did South Africa refuse to surrender Namibia?, answer: 1946 | question: When did South Africa occupy Namibia?, answer: 1915 | question: Which council submitted petitions for Namibia's independence?, answer: Herero Chief's Council | question: When was the League replaced by the United Nations?, answer: 1946 | question: When did European powers grant independence to their colonies in Africa?, answer: 1960s
South America became linked to North America through the Isthmus of Panama during the Pliocene, bringing a nearly complete end to South America's distinctive marsupial faunas. The formation of the Isthmus had major consequences on global temperatures, since warm equatorial ocean currents were cut off and an Atlantic cooling cycle began, with cold Arctic and Antarctic waters dropping temperatures in the now-isolated Atlantic Ocean. Africa's collision with Europe formed the Mediterranean Sea, cutting off the remnants of the Tethys Ocean. Sea level changes exposed the land-bridge between Alaska and Asia. Near the end of the Pliocene, about 2.58 million years ago (the start of the Quaternary Period), the current ice age began. The polar regions have since undergone repeated cycles of glaciation and thaw, repeating every 40,000–100,000 years.

question: What is the link between North and South America called?, answer: the Isthmus of Panama | question: In which period did North and South America become linked?, answer: Pliocene | question: The Mediterranean was created by the collision of Europe and what?, answer: Africa | question: What period came after the Pliocene?, answer: the Quaternary Period | question: The Pliocene saw the end of what fauna in South America?, answer: marsupial faunas
South Indian music and dances such as the Kuchipudi and Bharatanatyam styles are popular in the Deccan region. As a result of their culture policies, North Indian music and dance gained popularity during the rule of the Mughals and Nizams, and it was also during their reign that it became a tradition among the nobility to associate themselves with tawaif (courtesans). These courtesans were revered as the epitome of etiquette and culture, and were appointed to teach singing, poetry and classical dance to many children of the aristocracy. This gave rise to certain styles of court music, dance and poetry. Besides western and Indian popular music genres such as filmi music, the residents of Hyderabad play city-based marfa music, dholak ke geet (household songs based on local Folklore), and qawwali, especially at weddings, festivals and other celebratory events. The state government organises the Golconda Music and Dance Festival, the Taramati Music Festival and the Premavathi Dance Festival to further encourage the development of music.

question: What is the Deccan region known for culturally?, answer: music and dances such as the Kuchipudi and Bharatanatyam | question: What is a tawaif?, answer: courtesans | question: What kind of music is dholak ke geet?, answer: songs based on local Folklore | question: What entity is responsible for the Taramati Music Festival?, answer: The state government | question: During the rule of what two groups did dance and music from North India become popular?, answer: the Mughals and Nizams
South Raleigh is located along U.S. 401 south toward Fuquay-Varina and along US 70 into suburban Garner. This area is the least developed and least dense area of Raleigh (much of the area lies within the Swift Creek watershed district, where development regulations limit housing densities and construction). The area is bordered to the west by Cary, to the east by Garner, and to the southwest by Holly Springs. Neighborhoods in South Raleigh include Renaissance Park, Lake Wheeler, Swift Creek, Carolina Pines, Rhamkatte, Riverbrooke, and Enchanted Oaks.

question: Where is South Raleigh?, answer: along U.S. 401 south toward Fuquay-Varina | question: What is different about South Raleigh?, answer: least developed and least dense | question: What borders South Raleigh to the west?, answer: Cary, | question: Where is Holly Springs compared to South Raleigh?, answer: southwest | question: What are some neighborhoods in South Raleigh?, answer: Renaissance Park, Lake Wheeler, Swift Creek
South Slavic dialects historically formed a continuum. The turbulent history of the area, particularly due to expansion of the Ottoman Empire, resulted in a patchwork of dialectal and religious differences. Due to population migrations, Shtokavian became the most widespread in the western Balkans, intruding westwards into the area previously occupied by Chakavian and Kajkavian (which further blend into Slovenian in the northwest). Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs differ in religion and were historically often part of different cultural circles, although a large part of the nations have lived side by side under foreign overlords. During that period, the language was referred to under a variety of names, such as "Slavic", "Illyrian", or according to region, "Bosnian", "Serbian" and "Croatian", the latter often in combination with "Slavonian" or "Dalmatian".

question: What is one of the main causes of the turbulent history?, answer: expansion of the Ottoman Empire | question: What was the main cause of the spread of Shtokavian?, answer: population migrations | question: In which geographical region did Shtokavian become wide spread?, answer: western Balkans | question: What was one of the major differences between the Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs?, answer: religion | question: What is "Illyrian?", answer: language | question: What were some of the names given to language during period of foreign control?, answer: "Slavic", "Illyrian", or according to region, "Bosnian", "Serbian" and "Croatian" | question: What specific historical event caused a group of religious and verbal differences in South Slavic dialect?, answer: expansion of the Ottoman Empire | question: Why was Shtokavian the most widespread culture in the western Balkans?, answer: population migrations
South Slavic historically formed a dialect continuum, i.e. each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. However, migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans have caused large-scale population displacement that broke the dialect continuum into many geographical pockets. Migrations in the 20th century, primarily caused by urbanization and wars, also contributed to the reduction of dialectal differences.

question: What is a dialect continuum?, answer: each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. | question: What caused the dialect continuum to become fractured?, answer: migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans | question: Contrary to the 16th and 18th centuries, what caused migrations in the 20th century?, answer: urbanization and wars
South Tucson is actually the name of an independent, incorporated town of 1 sq mi (2.6 km2), completely surrounded by the city of Tucson, sitting just south of downtown. South Tucson has a colorful, dynamic history. It was first incorporated in 1936, and later reincorporated in 1940. The population consists of about 83% Mexican-American and 10% Native American residents. South Tucson is widely known for its many Mexican restaurants and the architectural styles which include bright outdoor murals, many of which have been painted over due to city policy.

question: What is the percentage of Native Americans in South Tuscon?, answer: 10% | question: What kind of restaurants are widely known in South Tuscon?, answer: Mexican | question: What are painted do to city policy?, answer: outdoor murals | question: What percentage of the South Tuscon Population is Mexican-American?, answer: 83% | question: What year was South Tuscon reincorperated?, answer: 1940 | question: When was South Tucson first incorporated?, answer: 1936 | question: When was South Tucson reincorporated?, answer: 1940 | question: How large is South Tucson?, answer: 1 sq mi (2.6 km2) | question: How much of South Tucson is Mexican-American?, answer: 83% | question: How much of South Tucson is Native American?, answer: 10%
South West Africa became known as Namibia by the UN when the General Assembly changed the territory's name by Resolution 2372 (XXII) of 12 June 1968. In 1978 the UN Security Council passed UN Resolution 435 which planned a transition toward independence for Namibia. Attempts to persuade South Africa to agree to the plan's implementation were not successful until 1988 when the transition to independence finally started under a diplomatic agreement between South Africa, Angola and Cuba, with the USSR and the USA as observers, under which South Africa agreed to withdraw and demobilise its forces in Namibia. As a result, Cuba agreed to pull back its troops in southern Angola sent to support the MPLA in its war for control of Angola with UNITA.

question: What was Namibia previously called?, answer: South West Africa | question: What date did Namibia get it's official name?, answer: 12 June 1968 | question: What was the resolution that granted Namibia it's name?, answer: Resolution 2372 (XXII) | question: How long did it take for South Africa to agree to the implantation of Namibia's new name?, answer: 1988 | question: The diplomatic agreement between South Africa, Angola, and Cuba was observed by the USSR and what other country?, answer: USA
Southampton (i/saʊθˈæmptən, -hæmptən/) is the largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated 75 miles (121 km) south-west of London and 19 miles (31 km) north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the River Test and River Itchen, with the River Hamble joining to the south of the urban area. The city, which is a unitary authority, has an estimated population of 253,651. The city's name is sometimes abbreviated in writing to "So'ton" or "Soton", and a resident of Southampton is called a Sotonian.

question: What's the estimated population of Southampton?, answer: 253,651 | question: What could you call someone who lives in Southampton?, answer: Sotonian | question: In what ceremonial county is Southampton located?, answer: Hampshire | question: How many miles away from London is Southampton?, answer: 75 | question: In which direction would you travel from Portsmouth to reach Southampton?, answer: north-west
Southampton Airport is a regional airport located in the town of Eastleigh, just north of the city. It offers flights to UK and near European destinations, and is connected to the city by a frequent rail service from Southampton Airport (Parkway) railway station, and by bus services.

question: In what town is Southampton Airport located?, answer: Eastleigh | question: What direction would one travel from Southampton to get to the airport in Eastleigh?, answer: north | question: If passengers don't want to take a train to the airport, what other transport is available?, answer: bus | question: To take a train to Southampton Airport, what railway station would you need to go through?, answer: Southampton Airport (Parkway)
Southampton City Council consists of 48 councillors, 3 for each of the 16 wards. Council elections are held in early May for one third of the seats (one councillor for each ward), elected for a four-year term, so there are elections three years out of four. Since the 2015 council elections, the composition of the council is:

question: How many concillors sit on Southampton's City Council?, answer: 48 | question: How man wards are there in Southampton?, answer: 16 | question: How many councillors are assigned to each ward in Southampton?, answer: 3 | question: In what month are council elections held?, answer: May | question: In how many years of every four is a council election held in Southampton?, answer: three
Southampton City Council has developed twinning links with Le Havre in France (since 1973), Rems-Murr-Kreis in Germany (since 1991), Trieste in Italy (since 2002); Hampton, Virginia in USA, Qingdao in China (since 1998), and Busan in South Korea (since 1978).

question: What city in France does Southampton City Council have a twinning link with?, answer: Le Havre | question: Which Italian city did Southampton City Council establish a twinning link with in 2002?, answer: Trieste | question: What's the only city in the USA with a twinning link to Southampton City Council?, answer: Hampton, Virginia | question: What year did Southampton City Council link with Busan, South Korea?, answer: 1978 | question: In what country does Southampton City Council have a twinning link with Rems-Murr-Kreis?, answer: Germany