lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
While Blacks/African-Americans comprised only 13 percent of Michigan's population in 2010, they made up nearly 82 percent of Detroit's population. The next largest population groups were Whites, at 10 percent, and Hispanics, at 6 percent. According to the 2010 Census, segregation in Detroit has decreased in absolute and in relative terms. In the first decade of the 21st century, about two-thirds of the total black population in metropolitan area resided within the city limits of Detroit. The number of integrated neighborhoods has increased from 100 in 2000 to 204 in 2010. The city has also moved down the ranking, from number one most segregated to number four. A 2011 op-ed in The New York Times attributed the decreased segregation rating to the overall exodus from the city, cautioning that these areas may soon become more segregated. This pattern already happened in the 1970s, when apparent integration was actually a precursor to white flight and resegregation. Over a 60-year period, white flight occurred in the city. According to an estimate of the Michigan Metropolitan Information Center, from 2008 to 2009 the percentage of non-Hispanic White residents increased from 8.4% to 13.3%. Some empty nesters and many younger White people moved into the city while many African Americans moved to the suburbs.

question: How much of Michigan's population is Black?, answer: 13 percent | question: How much of Detroit's population is Black?, answer: 82 percent | question: What was Detroit ranked as in a 2010 study on segregated cities?, answer: four | question: Where have many Black people been moving to in recent years?, answer: suburbs | question: What is the 2009 population of Whites in Detroit?, answer: 13.3%
While Brazil was fighting the US through the WTO's Dispute Settlement Mechanism against a heavily subsidized cotton industry, a group of four least-developed African countries – Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, and Mali – also known as "Cotton-4" have been the leading protagonist for the reduction of US cotton subsidies through negotiations. The four introduced a "Sectoral Initiative in Favour of Cotton", presented by Burkina Faso's President Blaise Compaoré during the Trade Negotiations Committee on 10 June 2003.

question: What was Brazil's argument against the US cotton industry?, answer: heavily subsidized | question: What are the African countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, and Mali referred to as in the cotton industry?, answer: Cotton-4 | question: What has the Cotton-4 been in regards to the US cotton subsidies?, answer: leading protagonist | question: What could the US do that would please the foreign cotton industry concerning cotton subsidies?, answer: reduction | question: What organization has Brazil tried to use to curb US cotton subsidies?, answer: WTO's Dispute Settlement Mechanism
While Dutch generally refers to the language as a whole, Belgian varieties are sometimes collectively referred to as Flemish. In both Belgium and the Netherlands, the native official name for Dutch is Nederlands, and its dialects have their own names, e.g. Hollands "Hollandish", West-Vlaams "Western Flemish", Brabants "Brabantian". The use of the word Vlaams ("Flemish") to describe Standard Dutch for the variations prevalent in Flanders and used there, however, is common in the Netherlands and Belgium.

question: What are variations on Dutch used in Belgium sometimes called?, answer: Flemish | question: What is the Dutch language officially called in the Netherlands?, answer: Nederlands | question: What would someone in Belgium call the variation of Dutch spoken in Flanders?, answer: Vlaams | question: What is the Dutch name for the "Hollandish" dialect of the language?, answer: Hollands | question: If "Vlaams" is "Flemish," what would English speakers call "West-Vlaams"?, answer: Western Flemish
While Göring was optimistic the Luftwaffe could prevail, Hitler was not. On 17 September he postponed Operation Sea Lion (as it turned out, indefinitely) rather than gamble Germany's newly gained military prestige on a risky cross-Channel operation, particularly in the face of a sceptical Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union. In the last days of the battle, the bombers became lures in an attempt to draw the RAF into combat with German fighters. But their operations were to no avail; the worsening weather and unsustainable attrition in daylight gave the OKL an excuse to switch to night attacks on 7 October.

question: Who thought the Luftwaffe could win?, answer: Göring | question: What day did Hitler postponed Operation Sea Lion?, answer: 17 September | question: What was the name of the man from the Soviet Union who was doubtful of Operation Sea Lion?, answer: Joseph Stalin | question: Who did the Luftwaffe try to lure into battle using its bombers?, answer: RAF | question: When did the OKL switch to night raids?, answer: 7 October
While H2 is not very reactive under standard conditions, it does form compounds with most elements. Hydrogen can form compounds with elements that are more electronegative, such as halogens (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I), or oxygen; in these compounds hydrogen takes on a partial positive charge. When bonded to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen, hydrogen can participate in a form of medium-strength noncovalent bonding with other similar molecules between their hydrogens called hydrogen bonding, which is critical to the stability of many biological molecules. Hydrogen also forms compounds with less electronegative elements, such as the metals and metalloids, in which it takes on a partial negative charge. These compounds are often known as hydrides.

question: What ind of charge does hydrogen take when mixed with electronegative particles?, answer: positive charge | question: What type of charge does hydrogen take when combined with a metal?, answer: negative | question: When hydrogen forms with a metal, what is the compound called?, answer: hydrides | question: Is H2 reactive in standard conditions?, answer: not
While Harkness' original colleges were Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic in style, two colleges constructed in the 1960s, Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges, have modernist designs. All twelve college quadrangles are organized around a courtyard, and each has a dining hall, courtyard, library, common room, and a range of student facilities. The twelve colleges are named for important alumni or significant places in university history. In 2017, the university expects to open two new colleges near Science Hill.

question: In what architectural styles were Harkness' original colleges?, answer: Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic | question: Which two residential colleges are of modernist style?, answer: Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges | question: What are Yale's colleges encircling?, answer: a courtyard | question: Who are the Yale colleges named after?, answer: important alumni or significant places in university history | question: In what year does the university expect to open two more colleges?, answer: 2017
While Japan had a large number of submarines, they did not make a significant impact on the war. In 1942, the Japanese fleet subs performed well, knocking out or damaging many Allied warships. However, Imperial Japanese Navy (and pre-war U.S.) doctrine stipulated that only fleet battles, not guerre de course (commerce raiding) could win naval campaigns. So, while the US had an unusually long supply line between its west coast and frontline areas, leaving it vulnerable to submarine attack, Japan used its submarines primarily for long-range reconnaissance and only occasionally attacked U.S. supply lines. The Japanese submarine offensive against Australia in 1942 and 1943 also achieved little.

question: What doctrine stated that only fleet battles could win naval campaigns?, answer: Imperial Japanese Navy | question: What was commerce raiding refered to as?, answer: guerre de course | question: What was the primary use of Japanese submarines?, answer: long-range reconnaissance | question: When was the Japanese submarine offensive against Australia?, answer: 1942 and 1943 | question: What did the Japanese submarine offensive against Austrailia achieve?, answer: little
While Knickebein was used by German crews en masse, X-Gerät use was limited to specially trained pathfinder crews. Special receivers were mounted in He 111s, with a radio mast on the bomber's fuselage. The system worked on a higher frequency (66–77 MHz, compared to Knickebein's 30–33 MHz). Transmitters on the ground sent pulses at a rate of 180 per minute. X-Gerät received and analysed the pulses, giving the pilot both visual and aural "on course" signals. Three beams intersected the beam along the He 111's flight path. The first cross-beam acted as a warning for the bomb-aimer to start the bombing-clock which he would activate only when the second cross-beam was reached. When the third cross-beam was reached the bomb aimer activated a third trigger, which stopped the first hand of the equipment's clock, with the second hand continuing. When the second hand re-aligned with the first, the bombs were released. The clock's timing mechanism was co-ordinated with the distances of the intersecting beams from the target so the target was directly below when the bomb release occurred.

question: While Knickebein was used my most German crews who used the X-Gerat system?, answer: specially trained pathfinder crews | question: What frequency did the X-Gerat system use?, answer: 66–77 MHz | question: What rate per minute did ground transmitters send?, answer: 180 | question: When the bomber crossed the first beam the bomber-aimer did what?, answer: start the bombing-clock | question: What mechanism cause the bombs to be released?, answer: clock's timing
While LEDs have the advantage over fluorescent lamps that they do not contain mercury, they may contain other hazardous metals such as lead and arsenic. Regarding the toxicity of LEDs when treated as waste, a study published in 2011 stated: "According to federal standards, LEDs are not hazardous except for low-intensity red LEDs, which leached Pb [lead] at levels exceeding regulatory limits (186 mg/L; regulatory limit: 5). However, according to California regulations, excessive levels of copper (up to 3892 mg/kg; limit: 2500), lead (up to 8103 mg/kg; limit: 1000), nickel (up to 4797 mg/kg; limit: 2000), or silver (up to 721 mg/kg; limit: 500) render all except low-intensity yellow LEDs hazardous."

question: What dangerous metal can LEDs contain?, answer: arsenic | question: What substance does fluorescent lamps contain?, answer: mercury | question: Which LEDs are considered dangerous by a 2011 study?, answer: low-intensity red | question: According to a California study, what harmful metal is in most LEDs?, answer: lead | question: What LEDs are considered safer than any other?, answer: low-intensity yellow LEDs
While Mont Blanc was first climbed in 1786, most of the Alpine four-thousanders were climbed during the first half of the 19th century; the ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865 marked the end of the golden age of alpinism. Karl Blodig (1859–1956) was among the first to successfully climb all the major 4,000 m peaks. He completed his series of ascents in 1911.

question: When was Mont Blanc first climbed?, answer: 1786 | question: When were most of the Alpine fourthousanders climber?, answer: first half of the 19th century | question: When was the ascent of the Matterhorn?, answer: 1865 | question: What did the ascent of the Matterhorn mark?, answer: the end of the golden age of alpinism | question: Who was among the first to successfully climb all the major 4,000m peaks?, answer: Karl Blodig
While Nasser was in Syria, King Saud planned to have him assassinated on his return flight to Cairo. On 4 March, Nasser addressed the masses in Damascus and waved before them the Saudi check given to Syrian security chief and Nasser supporter Abdel Hamid Sarraj to shoot down Nasser's plane. As a consequence of Saud's scheme, he was forced by senior members of the Saudi royal family to informally cede most of his powers to his brother, King Faisal, a major opponent of Nasser and advocate for pan-Islamic unity over pan-Arabism.

question: Who tried to assassinate Nasser?, answer: King Saud | question: How was the assassination supposed to have been carried out?, answer: shoot down Nasser's plane | question: Who assumed power in Saudi Arabia after the failed assassination attempt?, answer: King Faisal | question: What was King Faisal's position toward Nasser?, answer: opponent
While Nasser was increasingly criticized by Egyptian intellectuals following the Six-Day War and his death in 1970, the general public was persistently sympathetic both during and after Nasser's life. According to political scientist Mahmoud Hamad, writing in 2008, "nostalgia for Nasser is easily sensed in Egypt and all Arab countries today". General malaise in Egyptian society, particularly during the Mubarak era, augmented nostalgia for Nasser's presidency, which increasingly became associated with the ideals of national purpose, hope, social cohesion, and vibrant culture.

question: Who was most critical of Nasser's rule?, answer: Egyptian intellectuals | question: What event generated criticism of Nasser from Egypt's elite?, answer: Six-Day War | question: During whose presidency were Egyptians nostalgic for Nasser?, answer: Mubarak | question: What ideals are associated with Nasser's time as prsident?, answer: national purpose, hope, social cohesion, and vibrant culture
While Nintendo never released an adapter for playing NES games on the SNES (though the instructions included a way to connect both consoles to the same TV by either daisy chaining the RF switches or using AV outputs for one or both systems), the Super Game Boy adapter cartridge allows games designed for Nintendo's portable Game Boy system to be played on the SNES. The Super Game Boy touted several feature enhancements over the Game Boy, including palette substitution, custom screen borders, and (for specially enhanced games) access to the SNES console. Japan also saw the release of the Super Game Boy 2, which added a communication port to enable a second Game Boy to connect for multiplayer games.

question: How did Nintendo say an NES and SNES could be used on the same TV?, answer: either daisy chaining the RF switches or using AV outputs for one or both systems | question: Which other game system's cartridges could be adapted to the SNES?, answer: Game Boy | question: What improvements did the Super Game Boy have over the Game Boy?, answer: palette substitution, custom screen borders, and (for specially enhanced games) access to the SNES console | question: Where was the Super Game Boy 2 released?, answer: Japan | question: What did the Super Game Boy 2 add?, answer: a communication port to enable a second Game Boy to connect for multiplayer games
While Old Czech had a basic alphabet from which a general set of orthographical correspondences was drawn, it did not have a standard orthography. It also contained a number of sound clusters which no longer exist; allowing ě (/jɛ/) after soft consonants, which has since shifted to e (/ɛ/), and allowing complex consonant clusters to be pronounced all at once rather than syllabically. A phonological phenomenon, Havlik's law (which began in Proto-Slavic and took various forms in other Slavic languages), appeared in Old Czech; counting backwards from the end of a clause, every odd-numbered yer was vocalized as a vowel, while the other yers disappeared.

question: What type of orthography did Old Czech lack?, answer: standard | question: Why aren't some sound clusters used in modern Czech?, answer: no longer exist | question: How did old Czech allow some complex consonant clusters to be pronounced?, answer: all at once | question: What type of phenomenon is Havlik's law?, answer: phonological | question: Which "yer"s were vocalized as vowels?, answer: every odd-numbered
While Paris has some of the richest neighbourhoods in France, it also has some of the poorest, mostly on the eastern side of the city. In 2012, 14 percent of households in the city earned less than €977 per month, the official poverty line. Twenty-five percent of residents in the 19th arrondissement lived below the poverty line; 24 percent in the 18th, 22 percent in the 20th and 18 percent in the 10th. In the city's wealthiest neighbourhood, the 7th arrondissement, 7 percent lived below the poverty line; 8 percent in the 6th arrondissement; and 9 percent in the 16th arrondissement.

question: What percentage of households earned less than 977 per month?, answer: 14 | question: What percentage of people lived below the poverty line in Paris' wealthiest neighborhood?, answer: 7 | question: WHat percentage of people in the 19th arrondissement lived below the poverty line?, answer: Twenty-five
While President Truman had begun the process of desegregating the Armed Forces in 1948, actual implementation had been slow. Eisenhower made clear his stance in his first State of the Union address in February 1953, saying "I propose to use whatever authority exists in the office of the President to end segregation in the District of Columbia, including the Federal Government, and any segregation in the Armed Forces". When he encountered opposition from the services, he used government control of military spending to force the change through, stating "Wherever Federal Funds are expended ..., I do not see how any American can justify ... a discrimination in the expenditure of those funds".

question: Which president initially began to desegregate the US military?, answer: Truman | question: When did the desegregation of the United States Armed Forces begin?, answer: 1948 | question: When did Eisenhower deliver his first State of the Union?, answer: February 1953 | question: What control did Eisenhower use to push through desegregation?, answer: military spending | question: In what geographical area did Eisenhower promise to end desegregation in his State of the Union address?, answer: District of Columbia
While Southampton is no longer the base for any cross-channel ferries, it is the terminus for three internal ferry services, all of which operate from terminals at Town Quay. Two of these, a car ferry service and a fast catamaran passenger ferry service, provide links to East Cowes and Cowes respectively on the Isle of Wight and are operated by Red Funnel. The third ferry is the Hythe Ferry, providing a passenger service to Hythe on the other side of Southampton Water.

question: How many internal ferry services does Southampton serve?, answer: three | question: What is the name of the quay where all three ferries have their terminals?, answer: Town Quay | question: How many of the ferries connect to the Isle of Wight?, answer: Two | question: What company operates the ferries to East Cowes and Cowes?, answer: Red Funnel | question: What body of water does the Hythe Ferry cross to reach Hythe from Southampton?, answer: Southampton Water
While Southeast Asia is rich in flora and fauna, Southeast Asia is facing severe deforestation which causes habitat loss for various endangered species such as orangutan and the Sumatran tiger. Predictions have been made that more than 40% of the animal and plant species in Southeast Asia could be wiped out in the 21st century. At the same time, haze has been a regular occurrence. The two worst regional hazes were in 1997 and 2006 in which multiple countries were covered with thick haze, mostly caused by "slash and burn" activities in Sumatra and Borneo. In reaction, several countries in Southeast Asia signed the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution to combat haze pollution.

question: What percentage of plant and animal species extinction is predicted in the 21st century?, answer: 40% | question: Where has haze been predominant?, answer: Sumatra and Borneo | question: How is a haze formed?, answer: caused by "slash and burn" activities | question: What agreement has the Southeast Asian countries signed to combat haze pollution?, answer: Transboundary Haze Pollution | question: When did the 2 worst haze pollution occur in Southeast Asia?, answer: 1997 and 2006
While Western Armenia still remained under Ottoman rule, the Armenians were granted considerable autonomy within their own enclaves and lived in relative harmony with other groups in the empire (including the ruling Turks). However, as Christians under a strict Muslim social system, Armenians faced pervasive discrimination. When they began pushing for more rights within the Ottoman Empire, Sultan ‘Abdu’l-Hamid II, in response, organized state-sponsored massacres against the Armenians between 1894 and 1896, resulting in an estimated death toll of 80,000 to 300,000 people. The Hamidian massacres, as they came to be known, gave Hamid international infamy as the "Red Sultan" or "Bloody Sultan."

question: How many Armenians were slaughtered between 1894-1896, answer: 80,000 to 300,000 | question: What prompted the state-sponsored slaughter of Armenians?, answer: pushing for more rights | question: What nicknames was Sultan 'Abdu'l-Hamid II given?, answer: "Red Sultan" or "Bloody Sultan." | question: What was the name given to the slaughter of the Armenians between 1894-1896?, answer: Hamidian massacres | question: What type of social system was in place under the Ottoman Empire?, answer: Muslim
While a computer may be viewed as running one gigantic program stored in its main memory, in some systems it is necessary to give the appearance of running several programs simultaneously. This is achieved by multitasking i.e. having the computer switch rapidly between running each program in turn.

question: In computer terms, when a computer is switching rapidly between running each program in turn, is called what?, answer: multitasking
While a few fragments exist, there is no surviving historical work which dates to the hundred years following Alexander's death. The works of the major Hellenistic historians Hieronymus of Cardia (who worked under Alexander, Antigonus I and other successors), Duris of Samos and Phylarchus which were used by surviving sources are all lost. The earliest and most credible surviving source for the Hellenistic period is Polybius of Megalopolis (c. 200-118), a statesman of the Achaean League until 168 BCE when he was forced to go to Rome as a hostage. His Histories eventually grew to a length of forty books, covering the years 220 to 167 BCE.

question: What is the earliest, most credible source of the Hellenistic period?, answer: Polybius | question: Where was Polybius from?, answer: Megalopolis | question: Where was Polybius forced to go as hostage?, answer: Rome | question: What years do Polybius books cover?, answer: 220 to 167 BCE | question: What League was Polybius a statesman?, answer: Achaean
While antibiotics are beneficial in certain types of acute diarrhea, they are usually not used except in specific situations. There are concerns that antibiotics may increase the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome in people infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7. In resource-poor countries, treatment with antibiotics may be beneficial. However, some bacteria are developing antibiotic resistance, particularly Shigella. Antibiotics can also cause diarrhea, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea is the most common adverse effect of treatment with general antibiotics.

question: Are antibiotics used in diarrhea instances?, answer: they are usually not used except in specific situations | question: What are the concerns with anitbiotics?, answer: may increase the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome in people infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7 | question: What are bacteria doing that makes them not work as well?, answer: some bacteria are developing antibiotic resistance