lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
After a new wave of UN sanctions, on 11 March 2013, North Korea claimed that it had invalidated the 1953 armistice. On 13 March 2013, North Korea confirmed it ended the 1953 Armistice and declared North Korea "is not restrained by the North-South declaration on non-aggression". On 30 March 2013, North Korea stated that it had entered a "state of war" with South Korea and declared that "The long-standing situation of the Korean peninsula being neither at peace nor at war is finally over". Speaking on 4 April 2013, the U.S. Secretary of Defense, Chuck Hagel, informed the press that Pyongyang had "formally informed" the Pentagon that it had "ratified" the potential usage of a nuclear weapon against South Korea, Japan and the United States of America, including Guam and Hawaii. Hagel also stated that the United States would deploy the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense anti-ballistic missile system to Guam, because of a credible and realistic nuclear threat from North Korea.

question: Why is North Korea insisting that the 1953 armistice was violated?, answer: new wave of UN sanctions | question: When did North Korea call an end to the armistice?, answer: 13 March 2013 | question: In 2013, who what country did North Korea declare war on?, answer: South Korea | question: What weapon does North Korea claim it now has the ability to use?, answer: a nuclear weapon | question: How does the United States view North Korea's threats?, answer: credible and realistic nuclear threat
After a nonprofit organization has been formed at the state level, the organization may seek recognition of tax exempt status with respect to U.S. federal income tax. That is done typically by applying to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), although statutory exemptions exist for limited types of nonprofit organizations. The IRS, after reviewing the application to ensure the organization meets the conditions to be recognized as a tax exempt organization (such as the purpose, limitations on spending, and internal safeguards for a charity), may issue an authorization letter to the nonprofit granting it tax exempt status for income tax payment, filing, and deductibility purposes. The exemption does not apply to other Federal taxes such as employment taxes. Additionally, a tax-exempt organization must pay federal tax on income that is unrelated to their exempt purpose. Failure to maintain operations in conformity to the laws may result in an organization losing its tax exempt status.

question: How does a US NPO apply for tax exempt status?, answer: applying to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) | question: What are some things the IRS looks at in a charity applying for tax exempt status?, answer: purpose, limitations on spending, and internal safeguards for a charity | question: Does this tax exempt status apply to other taxes?, answer: must pay federal tax on income that is unrelated to their exempt purpose | question: What happens if an NPO does not abide by the tax laws?, answer: losing its tax exempt status | question: Who has the final say on whether or not an NPO is granted tax exempt status?, answer: Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
After a period of confusion following Alexander's death, the Antigonid dynasty, descended from one of Alexander's generals, established its control over Macedon and most of the Greek city-states by 276 BC. From about 200 BC the Roman Republic became increasingly involved in Greek affairs and engaged in a series of wars with Macedon. Macedon's defeat at the Battle of Pydna in 168 BC signalled the end of Antigonid power in Greece. In 146 BC Macedonia was annexed as a province by Rome, and the rest of Greece became a Roman protectorate.

question: Who controlled Macedon after Alexander died?, answer: the Antigonid dynasty | question: The Roman Empire became more controlling of Greece starting in what year?, answer: 200 BC | question: Macedon lost what war in 168 BC?, answer: Battle of Pydna | question: In what year did Greece become a part of Rome?, answer: 146 BC | question: The end of Antigonid rule began in what year?, answer: 168 BC
After a tentative creation of several smaller suburban cemeteries, the Prefect Nicholas Frochot under Napoleon Bonaparte provided a more definitive solution in the creation of three massive Parisian cemeteries outside the city limits. Open from 1804, these were the cemeteries of Père Lachaise, Montmartre, Montparnasse, and later Passy; these cemeteries became inner-city once again when Paris annexed all neighbouring communes to the inside of its much larger ring of suburban fortifications in 1860. New suburban cemeteries were created in the early 20th century: The largest of these are the Cimetière parisien de Saint-Ouen, the Cimetière parisien de Pantin (also known as Cimetière parisien de Pantin-Bobigny, the Cimetière parisien d'Ivry, and the Cimetière parisien de Bagneux).[citation needed] Some of the most famous people in the world are buried in Parisian cemeteries.

question: Who was Prefect Nicholas Frochot under?, answer: Napoleon Bonaparte | question: When were the 3 new cemeteries open?, answer: 1804 | question: What is the largest of the cemeteries created in the 20th centuries?, answer: Cimetière parisien de Saint-Ouen
After a trend of declining population density since World War II, the city has seen increased density in the inner and western suburbs, aided in part by Victorian Government planning, such as Postcode 3000 and Melbourne 2030 which have aimed to curtail urban sprawl. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics as of June 2013, inner city Melbourne had the highest population density with 12,400 people per km2. Surrounding inner city suburbs experienced an increase in population density between 2012 and 2013; Carlton (9,000 people per km2) and Fitzroy (7,900).

question: What have Postcode 3000 and Melbourne 2030 aimed to do?, answer: curtail urban sprawl | question: How many people did Carlton have per km2 between 2012 and 2013?, answer: 9,000 | question: How many people did Fitzroy have per km2 between 2012 and 2013?, answer: 7,900 | question: According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics as of June 2013, inner city Melbourne had a population density of how many people per km2?, answer: 12,400
After a visit to Brasília, the French writer Simone de Beauvoir complained that all of its superquadras exuded "the same air of elegant monotony," and other observers have equated the city's large open lawns, plazas, and fields to wastelands. As the city has matured, some of these have gained adornments, and many have been improved by landscaping, giving some observers a sense of "humanized" spaciousness. Although not fully accomplished, the "Brasília utopia" has produced a city of relatively high quality of life, in which the citizens live in forested areas with sporting and leisure structure (the superquadras) flanked by small commercial areas, bookstores and cafes; the city is famous for its cuisine and efficiency of transit.

question: Who complained that Brasilia was monotonous?, answer: Simone de Beauvoir | question: What nationality was de Beauvoir?, answer: French | question: What was de Beauvoir's career?, answer: writer | question: What is Brasilia famous for?, answer: its cuisine and efficiency of transit
After about 1840, Georgian conventions were slowly abandoned as a number of revival styles, including Gothic Revival, that had originated in the Georgian period, developed and contested in Victorian architecture, and in the case of Gothic became better researched, and closer to their originals. Neoclassical architecture remained popular, and was the opponent of Gothic in the Battle of the Styles of the early Victorian period. In the United States the Federalist Style contained many elements of Georgian style, but incorporated revolutionary symbols.

question: What year did Georgian architecture begin to be abandoned?, answer: 1840 | question: What was the rivalry between Gothic Revival and Neoclassical referred to as?, answer: the Battle of the Styles | question: When was the Battle of the Styles contested?, answer: early Victorian period | question: What style from the United States used many elements of Georgian style but with revolutionary symbols?, answer: Federalist Style
After agreeing to sign the Boxer Protocol the government then initiated unprecedented fiscal and administrative reforms, including elections, a new legal code, and abolition of the examination system. Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries competed with reformers such as Liang Qichao and monarchists such as Kang Youwei to transform the Qing empire into a modern nation. After the death of Empress Dowager Cixi and the Guangxu Emperor in 1908, the hardline Manchu court alienated reformers and local elites alike. Local uprisings starting on October 11, 1911 led to the Xinhai Revolution. Puyi, the last emperor, abdicated on February 12, 1912.

question: What started on October 11, 1911?, answer: Xinhai Revolution | question: Who was the last Qing emperor?, answer: Puyi | question: When did he step down?, answer: February 12, 1912
After almost a year in the area around Peenemünde, Soviet officials moved most of the captured German rocket specialists to Gorodomlya Island on Lake Seliger, about 240 kilometers (150 mi) northwest of Moscow. They were not allowed to participate in Soviet missile design, but were used as problem-solving consultants to the Soviet engineers. They helped in the following areas: the creation of a Soviet version of the A-4; work on "organizational schemes"; research in improving the A-4 main engine; development of a 100-ton engine; assistance in the "layout" of plant production rooms; and preparation of rocket assembly using German components. With their help, particularly Helmut Groettrup's group, Korolev reverse-engineered the A-4 and built his own version of the rocket, the R-1, in 1948. Later, he developed his own distinct designs, though many of these designs were influenced by the Groettrup Group's G4-R10 design from 1949. The Germans were eventually repatriated in 1951–53.

question: What year was the R1 rocket born?, answer: 1948
After an initial loss to Labor at the 1946 election, Menzies led the Liberals to victory at the 1949 election, and the party stayed in office for a record 23 years—still the longest unbroken run in government at the federal level. Australia experienced prolonged economic growth during the post-war boom period of the Menzies Government (1949–1966) and Menzies fulfilled his promises at the 1949 election to end rationing of butter, tea and petrol and provided a five-shilling endowment for first-born children, as well as for others. While himself an unashamed anglophile, Menzies' government concluded a number of major defence and trade treaties that set Australia on its post-war trajectory out of Britain's orbit; opened Australia to multi-ethnic immigration; and instigated important legal reforms regarding Aboriginal Australians.

question: How many years did the Liberals stay in office after the 1949 election?, answer: a record 23 years | question: What promises did Menzies make in the 1949 election?, answer: end rationing of butter, tea and petrol and provided a five-shilling endowment for first-born children | question: During what period did Australia experience long-term economic growth?, answer: the post-war boom period of the Menzies Government (1949–1966)
After back-to-back pennants in 1880 and 1881, Hulbert died, and Spalding, who had retired to start Spalding sporting goods, assumed ownership of the club. The White Stockings, with Anson acting as player/manager, captured their third consecutive pennant in 1882, and Anson established himself as the game's first true superstar. In 1885 and '86, after winning N.L. pennants, the White Stockings met the short-lived American Association champion in that era's version of a World Series. Both seasons resulted in match ups with the St. Louis Brown Stockings, with the clubs tying in 1885 and with St. Louis winning in 1886. This was the genesis of what would eventually become one of the greatest rivalries in sports. In all, the Anson-led Chicago Base Ball Club won six National League pennants between 1876 and 1886. As a result, Chicago's club nickname transitioned, and by 1890 they had become known as the Chicago Colts, or sometimes "Anson's Colts", referring to Cap's influence within the club. Anson was the first player in history credited with collecting 3,000 career hits. After a disappointing record of 59-73 and a 9th-place finish in 1897, Anson was released by the Cubs as both a player and manager. Due to Anson's absence from the club after 22 years, local newspaper reporters started to refer to the Cubs as the "Orphans".

question: Who assumed ownership of the Cubs after Hulbert died?, answer: Spalding | question: What year did the White Stockings capture their third consecutive pennant?, answer: 1882 | question: While Anson led the Chicago cubs how many National League pennants did they win?, answer: six | question: What did the Chicago Cubs become know as by 1890?, answer: Chicago Colts | question: Who was the first player in history credited with collecting 3,000 career hits?, answer: Anson
After being rendered obsolete by the redesign, the 1895 replica was presented in 1910 to the FA's long-serving president Lord Kinnaird. Kinnaird died in 1923, and his family kept it in their possession, out of view, until putting it up for auction in 2005. It was duly sold at Christie's auction house on 19 May 2005 for £420,000 (£478,400 including auction fees and taxes). The sale price set a new world record for a piece of football memorabilia, surpassing the £254,000 paid for the Jules Rimet World Cup Trophy in 1997. The successful bidder was David Gold, the then joint chairman of Birmingham City; claiming the FA and government were doing nothing proactive to ensure the trophy remained in the country, Gold stated his purchase was motivated by wanting to save it for the nation. Accordingly, Gold presented the trophy to the National Football Museum in Preston on 20 April 2006, where it went on immediate public display. It later moved with the museum to its new location in Manchester. In November 2012, it was ceremonially presented to Royal Engineers, after they beat Wanderers 7–1 in a charity replay of the first FA Cup final.

question: Who was the long-serving president of the FA cup?, answer: Lord Kinnaird | question: What year did Lord Kinnard die?, answer: Lord Kinnaird. Kinnaird died in 1923, | question: Was the cup lost during that time?, answer: his family kept it in their possession, out of view, until putting it up for auction in 2005 | question: Where did it sell?, answer: Christie's auction house on 19 May 2005 for £420,000 (£478,400 including auction fees and taxes) | question: Who won the bid?, answer: David Gold
After boiling, the hopped wort is now cooled, ready for the yeast. In some breweries, the hopped wort may pass through a hopback, which is a small vat filled with hops, to add aromatic hop flavouring and to act as a filter; but usually the hopped wort is simply cooled for the fermenter, where the yeast is added. During fermentation, the wort becomes beer in a process which requires a week to months depending on the type of yeast and strength of the beer. In addition to producing ethanol, fine particulate matter suspended in the wort settles during fermentation. Once fermentation is complete, the yeast also settles, leaving the beer clear.

question: In breweries, what do you call a small vat that is filled with hops?, answer: a hopback | question: In what phase of brewing does hopped wort become beer?, answer: fermentation | question: What substance settles and make beer clear after it ferments?, answer: yeast | question: How long does the fermentation process take in brewing beer?, answer: a week to months | question: What substance is added to hopped wort once it cools after boiling?, answer: yeast
After centuries of Danish, Swedish and German rule the native Estonians started to yearn for independence during the period of national awakening while being governed by the Russian Empire. Established on 24 February 1918, the Republic of Estonia came into existence towards the end of World War I. During World War II, Estonia was then occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940, then Nazi Germany a year later and again in 1944 establishing the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1988, during the Singing Revolution, the Estonian SSR issued the Estonian Sovereignty Declaration to defy against the illegal Soviet rule. Estonia then restored its independence during the 1991 coup by the Soviets on the night of 20 August 1991.

question: When did Estonia start hoping for freedom?, answer: the period of national awakening | question: Who was in control during the national awakening?, answer: the Russian Empire | question: Who was in control of Estonia for most of the country's history?, answer: Danish, Swedish and German rule | question: What year was the Republic of Estonia established?, answer: 1918 | question: What war ended as Estonia was born?, answer: World War I
After completing filming on Ready Player One, while it is in its lengthy, effects-heavy post-production, he will film his long-planned adaptation of David Kertzer's acclaimed The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara. The book follows the true story of a young Jewish boy in 1858 Italy who was secretly baptized by a family servant and then kidnapped from his family by the Papal States, where he was raised and trained as a priest, causing international outrage and becoming a media sensation. First announced in 2014, the book has been adapted by Tony Kushner and the film will again star Mark Rylance, as Pope Pius IX. It will be filmed in early 2017 for release at the end of that year, before Ready Player One is completed and released in 2018.

question: Who wrote 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara'?, answer: David Kertzer | question: When does 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara' take place?, answer: 1858 | question: Where does 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara' take place?, answer: Italy | question: Who plays Pope Pius IX in 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara'?, answer: Mark Rylance | question: When is 'Ready Player One' planned to be released?, answer: 2018
After conquering "China proper", the Manchus identified their state as "China" (中國, Zhōngguó; "Middle Kingdom"), and referred to it as Dulimbai Gurun in Manchu (Dulimbai means "central" or "middle," gurun means "nation" or "state"). The emperors equated the lands of the Qing state (including present day Northeast China, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Tibet and other areas) as "China" in both the Chinese and Manchu languages, defining China as a multi-ethnic state, and rejecting the idea that "China" only meant Han areas. The Qing emperors proclaimed that both Han and non-Han peoples were part of "China." They used both "China" and "Qing" to refer to their state in official documents, international treaties (as the Qing was known internationally as "China" or the "Chinese Empire") and foreign affairs, and "Chinese language" (Dulimbai gurun i bithe) included Chinese, Manchu, and Mongol languages, and "Chinese people" (中國之人 Zhōngguó zhī rén; Manchu: Dulimbai gurun i niyalma) referred to all subjects of the empire. In the Chinese-language versions of its treaties and its maps of the world, the Qing government used "Qing" and "China" interchangeably.

question: After taking the bulk of China what did the Manchuse call their state?, answer: China | question: What does China mean?, answer: Middle Kingdom | question: What ethnice groups did the Qing thin made up China?, answer: Han and non-Han peoples
After disenfranchisement of blacks, the GOP in Tennessee was historically a sectional party supported by whites only in the eastern part of the state. In the 20th century, except for two nationwide Republican landslides of the 1920s (in 1920, when Tennessee narrowly supported Warren G. Harding over Ohio Governor James Cox, and in 1928, when it more decisively voted for Herbert Hoover over New York Governor Al Smith, a Catholic), the state was part of the Democratic Solid South until the 1950s. In that postwar decade, it twice voted for Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower, former Allied Commander of the Armed Forces during World War II. Since then, more of the state's voters have shifted to supporting Republicans, and Democratic presidential candidates have carried Tennessee only four times.

question: Which Republican presidential candidate did Tennessee support in 1920?, answer: Warren G. Harding | question: What religion was the Democratic presidential candidate that Tennessee voted against in 1928?, answer: Catholic | question: How many times has Tennessee supported Democratic presidential candidates in the general elections since the 1950s?, answer: four | question: Which Republican won the Presidency while carrying Tennessee in 1928?, answer: Herbert Hoover
After dynastic quarrels however, there was a Christian reconquest in 1072. The family who returned the city to Christianity were called the Hautevilles, including Robert Guiscard and his army, who is regarded as a hero by the natives. It was under Roger II of Sicily that Norman holdings in Sicily and the southern part of the Italian Peninsula were promoted from the County of Sicily into the Kingdom of Sicily. The Kingdom's capital was Palermo, with the King's Court held at the Palazzo dei Normanni. Much construction was undertaken during this period, such as the building of Palermo Cathedral. The Kingdom of Sicily became one of the wealthiest states in Europe.

question: Who is considered a hero by natives for ending Muslim control of Palermo?, answer: Robert Guiscard | question: What was the family name who returned Palermo to Christianity after reconquest in 1072?, answer: Hautevilles | question: Where was the Kings Court held in the Kingdom of Sicily?, answer: Palazzo dei Normanni | question: How did the Kingdom of Sicily compare monetarily with the other European staes?, answer: one of the wealthiest states in Europe
After editing a book on John Stuart Mill's letters he planned to publish two books on the liberal order, The Constitution of Liberty and "The Creative Powers of a Free Civilization" (eventually the title for the second chapter of The Constitution of Liberty). He completed The Constitution of Liberty in May 1959, with publication in February 1960. Hayek was concerned "with that condition of men in which coercion of some by others is reduced as much as is possible in society". Hayek was disappointed that the book did not receive the same enthusiastic general reception as The Road to Serfdom had sixteen years before.

question: What topic were Hayek's next two books going to cover?, answer: the liberal order | question: Which of Hayek's books was not as well received as The Road to Serfdom?, answer: The Constitution of Liberty | question: As of the release of his 1960 book, how long had it been since The Road to Serfdom was released?, answer: sixteen years | question: What was the title of the his 1960 book's second chapter?, answer: The Creative Powers of a Free Civilization | question: How did Hayek feel about the success of the book he released in 1960?, answer: disappointed