lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Literature consists of written productions, often restricted to those deemed to have artistic or intellectual value. Its Latin root literatura/litteratura (derived itself from littera, letter or handwriting) was used to refer to all written accounts, but intertwined with the roman concept of cultura: learning or cultivation. Literature often uses language differently than ordinary language (see literariness). Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction and whether it is poetry or prose; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama; and works are often categorised according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre).

question: What two key elements that distinguish literature as a written form of art?, answer: deemed to have artistic or intellectual value | question: What are two major divisions of literature?, answer: fiction or non-fiction | question: Besides this major division, what are two other sub-divisions to describe literature?, answer: poetry or prose | question: Prose literature can be sub-divided into what formats?, answer: the novel, short story or drama | question: What words are the Latin roots of the word "literature?", answer: literatura/litteratura
Literature grew to new heights in the Qing period. Poetry continued as a mark of the cultivated gentleman, but women wrote in larger and larger numbers and poets came from all walks of life. The poetry of the Qing dynasty is a lively field of research, being studied (along with the poetry of the Ming dynasty) for its association with Chinese opera, developmental trends of Classical Chinese poetry, the transition to a greater role for vernacular language, and for poetry by women in Chinese culture. The Qing dynasty was a period of much literary collection and criticism, and many of the modern popular versions of Classical Chinese poems were transmitted through Qing dynasty anthologies, such as the Quantangshi and the Three Hundred Tang Poems. Pu Songling brought the short story form to a new level in his Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, published in the mid-18th century, and Shen Fu demonstrated the charm of the informal memoir in Six Chapters of a Floating Life, written in the early 19th century but published only in 1877. The art of the novel reached a pinnacle in Cao Xueqin's Dream of the Red Chamber, but its combination of social commentary and psychological insight were echoed in highly skilled novels such as Wu Jingzi's The Scholars (1750) and Li Ruzhen's Flowers in the Mirror (1827).

question: What was the sign of a gentleman?, answer: Poetry | question: Who started writing poety during the Qing dynasty?, answer: women | question: What was the name of Pu Songling's collection of short stories?, answer: Strange Stories | question: Who wrote the novel Dream of the Red Chamber?, answer: Cao Xueqin | question: What was the name of Shen Fu's memoir?, answer: Six Chapters of a Floating Life
Lithotrophic bacteria can use inorganic compounds as a source of energy. Common inorganic electron donors are hydrogen, carbon monoxide, ammonia (leading to nitrification), ferrous iron and other reduced metal ions, and several reduced sulfur compounds. In unusual circumstances, the gas methane can be used by methanotrophic bacteria as both a source of electrons and a substrate for carbon anabolism. In both aerobic phototrophy and chemolithotrophy, oxygen is used as a terminal electron acceptor, whereas under anaerobic conditions inorganic compounds are used instead. Most lithotrophic organisms are autotrophic, whereas organotrophic organisms are heterotrophic.

question: What are hydrogen and carbon monoxide for Lithotrophic bacteria?, answer: Common inorganic electron donors | question: How can gas methane be used in exceptional set of conditions by methanotrophic bacteria?, answer: both a source of electrons and a substrate for carbon anabolism | question: What is the main element for aerobic photorophy?, answer: oxygen
Little is known about the bacteria that degrade cellulose. Symbiotic bacteria in Xylophaga may play a role in the degradation of sunken wood; while bacteria such as Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Actinobacteria, Clostridia, and Bacteroidetes have been detected in wood submerged over a year.

question: What component of wood is degraded by bacteria that scientists are still trying to learn about?, answer: cellulose | question: What type of bacteria are present in Xylophaga?, answer: Symbiotic | question: What type of wood is it possible the bacteria in Xylophaga help break down?, answer: sunken | question: How long was the wood submerged in water in the study that discovered the types of bacteria in it?, answer: over a year | question: What bacteria starting with the letter "F" were found in wood after it was underwater for more than a year?, answer: Flavobacteria
Livability.com named New Haven as the Best Foodie City in the country in 2014. There are 56 Zagat-rated restaurants in New Haven, the most in Connecticut and the third most in New England (after Boston and Cambridge). More than 120 restaurants are located within two blocks of the New Haven Green. The city is home to an eclectic mix of ethnic restaurants and small markets specializing in various foreign foods. Represented cuisines include Malaysian, Ethiopian, Spanish, Belgian, French, Greek, Latin American, Mexican, Italian, Thai, Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Korean, Indian, Jamaican, Cuban, Peruvian, Syrian/Lebanese, and Turkish.

question: What distinction was afforded to New Haven in 2014 by Livability.com?, answer: Best Foodie City | question: How many Zagat-rated restaurants are located in New Haven?, answer: 56 | question: What city in Connecticut has the highest number of Zagat-rated restaurants?, answer: New Haven | question: How many restaurants can be accessed within a two block radius of New Haven Green?, answer: More than 120 | question: What website gave critical acclaim to New Haven for the city's food?, answer: Livability.com | question: How many restaurant are located in the center of New Haven's city?, answer: More than 120 restaurants | question: There are about how many Zagat-rated restaurants located in the city?, answer: 56 | question: Within the cities there are markets that focus on what sort of cuisines?, answer: various foreign foods.
Liverpool produced a number of nationally and internationally successful popular singers in the 1950s, including traditional pop stars Frankie Vaughan and Lita Roza, and one of the most successful British rock and roll stars in Billy Fury. Many Lancashire towns had vibrant skiffle scenes in the late 1950s, out of which by the early 1960s a flourishing culture of beat groups began to emerge, particularly around Liverpool and Manchester. It has been estimated that there were around 350 bands active in and around Liverpool in this era, often playing ballrooms, concert halls and clubs, among them the Beatles. After their national success from 1962, a number of Liverpool performers were able to follow them into the charts, including Gerry & the Pacemakers, the Searchers and Cilla Black. The first act to break through in the UK who were not from Liverpool, or managed by Brian Epstein, were Freddie and the Dreamers, who were based in Manchester, as were Herman's Hermits and the Hollies. Led by the Beatles, beat groups from the region spearheaded the British Invasion of the US, which made a major contribution to the development of rock music. After the decline of beat groups in the late 1960s the centre of rock culture shifted to London and there were relatively few local bands who achieved national prominence until the growth of a disco funk scene and the punk rock revolution in the mid and late 1970s.

question: Where was pop star Frankie Vaughan from?, answer: Liverpool | question: How many bands were active in the Liverpool area in the 1960s?, answer: 350 | question: What was the first act to break through in the UK, not from Liverpool or managed by Brian Epstein?, answer: Freddie and the Dreamers | question: Where were Freddie and the Dreamers based?, answer: Manchester | question: Where were Herman's Hermints and the Hollies from?, answer: Manchester
Livy presents these as signs of widespread failure in Roman religio. The major prodigies included the spontaneous combustion of weapons, the apparent shrinking of the sun's disc, two moons in a daylit sky, a cosmic battle between sun and moon, a rain of red-hot stones, a bloody sweat on statues, and blood in fountains and on ears of corn: all were expiated by sacrifice of "greater victims". The minor prodigies were less warlike but equally unnatural; sheep become goats, a hen become a cock (and vice versa) – these were expiated with "lesser victims". The discovery of an androgynous four-year-old child was expiated by its drowning and the holy procession of 27 virgins to the temple of Juno Regina, singing a hymn to avert disaster: a lightning strike during the hymn rehearsals required further expiation. Religious restitution is proved only by Rome's victory.

question: What author wrote of disaster prodigies?, answer: Livy | question: What type of sacrifices were required to expiate the minor prodigies ?, answer: lesser victims | question: Of what did the greater prodigies require in sacrifice?, answer: greater victims | question: Of what did Livy think the prodigies proved about Roman religion?, answer: widespread failure | question: What is the only proof of religious success over prodigies?, answer: Rome's victory
Load testing is primarily concerned with testing that the system can continue to operate under a specific load, whether that be large quantities of data or a large number of users. This is generally referred to as software scalability. The related load testing activity of when performed as a non-functional activity is often referred to as endurance testing. Volume testing is a way to test software functions even when certain components (for example a file or database) increase radically in size. Stress testing is a way to test reliability under unexpected or rare workloads. Stability testing (often referred to as load or endurance testing) checks to see if the software can continuously function well in or above an acceptable period.

question: What method is used to test software under a specific load?, answer: Load testing | question: What two methods can be used when using Load Testing?, answer: data or a large number of users | question: What is called to test software functions when certain components increase in side?, answer: Volume testing | question: What is Stable testing also called?, answer: endurance testing | question: What method is used to test components under unexpected workloads?, answer: Stress testing
Local anesthetic injections into the nerves or sensitive areas of the stump may relieve pain for days, weeks, or sometimes permanently, despite the drug wearing off in a matter of hours; and small injections of hypertonic saline into the soft tissue between vertebrae produces local pain that radiates into the phantom limb for ten minutes or so and may be followed by hours, weeks or even longer of partial or total relief from phantom pain. Vigorous vibration or electrical stimulation of the stump, or current from electrodes surgically implanted onto the spinal cord, all produce relief in some patients.

question: What happens when an anesthetic injection is directed into the nerves a limb stump?, answer: may relieve pain | question: How long can an anesthetic, at max, relieve pain for, despite wearing off in only hours?, answer: permanently | question: What is injected in small amounts into the soft tissue between vertebrae to produce local pain?, answer: hypertonic saline | question: Vibrating the stump of an amputee's limb can produce what in some patients?, answer: relief
Local artists and bands rose to prominence in the 1960s and 70s including: the MC5, The Stooges, Bob Seger, Amboy Dukes featuring Ted Nugent, Mitch Ryder and The Detroit Wheels, Rare Earth, Alice Cooper, and Suzi Quatro. The group Kiss emphasized the city's connection with rock in the song Detroit Rock City and the movie produced in 1999. In the 1980s, Detroit was an important center of the hardcore punk rock underground with many nationally known bands coming out of the city and its suburbs, such as The Necros, The Meatmen, and Negative Approach.

question: What music genre was big in Detroit in the 1980s?, answer: hardcore punk rock underground | question: What year did the movie about Kiss come out?, answer: 1999 | question: In which decades did bands like MC5 and Rare Earth become big in Detroit?, answer: 1960s and 70s
Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.

question: Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with what?, answer: one or more Kreisfreie Städte | question: What do local associations replace?, answer: administrative entities at the district level | question: What are local associations intended to implement?, answer: simplification of administration | question: What is the association a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland typically grouped into?, answer: Kommunalverband besonderer Art | question: What does a Kommunalverband besonderer Art require?, answer: the issuing of special laws
Local law enforcement is divided between County Sheriff's Offices and Municipal Police Departments. Tennessee's Constitution requires that each County have an elected Sheriff. In 94 of the 95 counties the Sheriff is the chief law enforcement officer in the county and has jurisdiction over the county as a whole. Each Sheriff's Office is responsible for warrant service, court security, jail operations and primary law enforcement in the unincorporated areas of a county as well as providing support to the municipal police departments. Incorporated municipalities are required to maintain a police department to provide police services within their corporate limits.

question: Which law enforcement entity serves warrants in Tennessee?, answer: Sheriff's Office | question: Each Tennessee county must elect which law enforcement official?, answer: Sheriff | question: Who is in charge of policing Tennessee counties' unincorporated areas?, answer: County Sheriff | question: Who polices incorporated areas of Tennessee's counties?, answer: Municipal Police Departments | question: What proportion of Tennessee counties recognize their Sheriff as their head law enforcement official?, answer: 94 of the 95
Local media include the Southern Daily Echo newspaper based in Redbridge and BBC South, which has its regional headquarters in the city centre opposite the civic centre. From there the BBC broadcasts South Today, the local television news bulletin and BBC Radio Solent. The local ITV franchise is Meridian, which has its headquarters in Whiteley, around nine miles (14 km) from the city. Until December 2004, the station's studios were located in the Northam area of the city on land reclaimed from the River Itchen. That's Solent is an local television channel that began broadcasting in November 2014, which will be based in and serve Southampton and Portsmouth.

question: What program with a direction in its name does the BBC broadcast from Southampton?, answer: South Today | question: What's the name of the local ITV division?, answer: Meridian | question: Where is the Meridian headquarters located?, answer: Whiteley | question: What is the local television channel for Southampton called?, answer: That's Solent | question: Towards the end of what year did That's Solent begin broadcasting?, answer: 2014
Local television companies in Cyprus include the state owned Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation which runs two television channels. In addition on the Greek side of the island there are the private channels ANT1 Cyprus, Plus TV, Mega Channel, Sigma TV, Nimonia TV (NTV) and New Extra. In Northern Cyprus, the local channels are BRT, the Turkish Cypriot equivalent to the Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation, and a number of private channels. The majority of local arts and cultural programming is produced by the Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation and BRT, with local arts documentaries, review programmes and filmed drama series.

question: What is the name of a local television company in Cyprus?, answer: Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation | question: What is BRT?, answer: the Turkish Cypriot equivalent to the Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation | question: Which television broadcasters produce art and cultural programming?, answer: Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation and BRT
Local train services operate in the central, southern and eastern sections of the city and are operated by South West Trains, with stations at Swaythling, St Denys, Millbrook, Redbridge, Bitterne, Sholing and Woolston. Plans were announced by Hampshire County Council in July 2009 for the introduction of tram-train running from Hythe (on what is now a freight-only line to Fawley) via Totton to Southampton Central Station and on to Fareham via St. Denys, and Swanwick. The proposal follows a failed plan to bring light rail to the Portsmouth and Gosport areas in 2005.

question: In addition to the southern and eastern sections of Southampton, what other section has local train service?, answer: central | question: What company operates Southampton's local train service?, answer: South West Trains | question: What organization announced plans for rail expansion in Southampton in July of 2009?, answer: Hampshire County Council | question: In what year did a proposal to expand light rail service to Portsmouth and Gosport fail?, answer: 2005 | question: What's the current destination of the freight-only line the Hampshire County Council wants to use to expand passenger service?, answer: Fawley
Local transit and paratransit bus service in Richmond, Henrico, and Chesterfield counties is provided by the Greater Richmond Transit Company (GRTC). The GRTC, however, serves only small parts of the suburban counties. The far West End (Innsbrook and Short Pump) and almost all of Chesterfield County have no public transportation despite dense housing, retail, and office development. According to a 2008 GRTC operations analysis report, a majority of GRTC riders utilize their services because they do not have an available alternative such as a private vehicle.

question: What counties does the GRTC link to Richmond?, answer: Henrico, and Chesterfield | question: Along with Short Pump, what comprises the far part of the West End?, answer: Innsbrook | question: According to a GRTC report, what is an example of what most of its riders lack?, answer: private vehicle | question: What is GRTC an initialism of?, answer: Greater Richmond Transit Company
Located in Chicago's Lake View neighborhood, Wrigley Field sits on an irregular block bounded by Clark and Addison Streets and Waveland and Sheffield Avenues. The area surrounding the ballpark is typically referred to as Wrigleyville. There is a dense collection of sports bars and restaurants in the area, most with baseball inspired themes, including Sluggers, Murphy's Bleachers and The Cubby Bear. Many of the apartment buildings surrounding Wrigley Field on Waveland and Sheffield Avenues have built bleachers on their rooftops for fans to view games and other sell space for advertisement. One building on Sheffield Avenue has a sign atop its roof which says "Eamus Catuli!" which is Latin for "Let's Go Cubs!" and another chronicles the time since the last Division title, pennant, and World Series championship. The 02 denotes two years since the 2008 NL Central title, 65 years since the 1945 pennant and 102 years since the 1908 World Series championship. On game days, many residents rent out their yards and driveways to people looking for parking spots. The uniqueness of the neighborhood itself has ingrained itself into the culture of the Chicago Cubs as well as the Wrigleyville neighborhood, and has led to being used for concerts and other sporting events, such as the 2010 NHL Winter Classic between the Chicago Blackhawks and Detroit Red Wings, as well as a 2010 NCAA men's football game between the Northwestern Wildcats and Illinois Fighting Illini.

question: Where is Wrigley Field located?, answer: Chicago's Lake View neighborhood | question: What is the area surrounding the ballpark typically referred to?, answer: Wrigleyville | question: What have many apartment buildings surrounding Wrigley Field built on their rooftops?, answer: bleachers
Located in Cordon, St.Brendan´s school, before named St.Catherine´s is a non-profit civil association, which has a solid institutional culture with a clear vision of the future. It is knowned for being one of the best schools in the country, joining students from the wealthiest parts of Montevideo, such us, Punta Carretas, Pocitos, Malvin and Carrasco. St. Brendan’s School is a bilingual, non-denominational school that promotes a pedagogical constructivist approach focused on the child as a whole. In this approach, understanding is built from the connections children make between their own prior knowledge and the learning experiences, thus developing critical thinking skills. It is also the only school in the country implementing the three International Baccalaureate Programmes. These are:

question: Where is St. Brendan's school located?, answer: Cordon | question: What was St. Brendan's school previously named?, answer: St.Catherine´s | question: What is the only school in the country implementing three international Baccalaureate Programmes?, answer: St.Brendan´s school
Located in Jacksonville, Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, combined with nearby bases Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Cherry Point, MCAS New River, Camp Geiger, Camp Johnson, Stone Bay and Courthouse Bay, makes up the largest concentration of Marines and sailors in the world. MCAS Cherry Point is home of the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing. Located in Goldsboro, Seymour Johnson Air Force Base is home of the 4th Fighter Wing and 916th Air Refueling Wing. One of the busiest air stations in the United States Coast Guard is located at the Coast Guard Air Station in Elizabeth City. Also stationed in North Carolina is the Military Ocean Terminal Sunny Point in Southport.

question: Where is Camp Lejeune located?, answer: Jacksonville | question: What is Camp Lejeune?, answer: Marine Corps Base Camp | question: Bases making up the larges concentration of marines and sailors in the world is located in what NC city?, answer: Jacksonville | question: Where is Seymour johnson air force base located?, answer: Goldsboro | question: Where is the military Ocean Terminal Sunny Point stationed?, answer: Southport
Located in Southern Europe, Greece consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the sea at the southern end of the Balkans, ending at the Peloponnese peninsula (separated from the mainland by the canal of the Isthmus of Corinth) and strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Due to its highly indented coastline and numerous islands, Greece has the 11th longest coastline in the world with 13,676 km (8,498 mi); its land boundary is 1,160 km (721 mi). The country lies approximately between latitudes 34° and 42° N, and longitudes 19° and 30° E, with the extreme points being:

question: Greece is where geographically?, answer: Southern Europe | question: Where does Greece's coastline place in world rankings?, answer: 11th longest | question: How long is Greece's coastline?, answer: 8,498 mi