lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In 1976 Montini became the first pontiff in modern history to deny the accusation of homosexuality. Published by his order in January 1976 was a homily Persona Humana: Declaration on Certain Questions concerning Sexual Ethics, which outlawed pre or extra-marital sex, condemned homosexuality, and forbade masturbation. It provoked French author and former diplomat Roger Peyrefitte, in an interview published by the magazine Tempo, to accuse Montini of hypocrisy, and of having a longtime lover who was a movie actor. According to rumors prevalent both inside the Curia and in Italian society, this was Paolo Carlini, who had a bit part as a hairdresser in the Audrey Hepburn film Roman Holiday. Peyrefitte had previously published the accusation in two books, but the interview (previously published in a French gay magazine) brought the rumors to a wider public and caused an uproar. In a brief address to a crowd of approximately 20,000 in St. Peters Square on April 18, Montini called the charges "horrible and slanderous insinuations" and appealed for prayers on his behalf. Special prayers for Montini were said in all Italian Roman Catholic churches in "a day of consolation". In 1984 a New York Times correspondent repeated the allegations.

question: In what year was pre and extra marital sex outlawed by the Catholic church?, answer: 1976 | question: Who was accused of being a homosexual in 1976?, answer: Montini | question: Who brought allegations of Montini's homosexuality?, answer: Roger Peyrefitte | question: On what date did Montini publicly address charges of homosexuality?, answer: April 18 | question: Who was Montini's alleged lover?, answer: Paolo Carlini
In 1976, a group of Italian American professors at City University of New York asked to be added as an affirmative action category for promotion and hiring. Italian Americans are usually considered white in the US and would not be covered under affirmative action policies, but the professors believed they were underrepresented. Libertarian economist Thomas Sowell wrote in his book, Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study, that affirmative action policies encourage non-preferred groups to designate themselves as members of preferred groups [i.e., primary beneficiaries of affirmative action] to take advantage of group preference policies.

question: Where were the Italian American professors employed that asked to be added as an affirmative action category?, answer: City University of New York | question: Which year did the Italian American Professors make their request?, answer: 1976 | question: What category of race do Italian Americans normally fall under?, answer: white | question: What was the title of the book written by Thomas Sowell?, answer: Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study | question: Why would Italian Americans want to get themselves designated as members of a preferred group?, answer: to take advantage of group preference policies
In 1976, contemporaneously with Woodson and Roberts, the Court decided Gregg v. Georgia and upheld a procedure in which the trial of capital crimes was bifurcated into guilt-innocence and sentencing phases. At the first proceeding, the jury decides the defendant's guilt; if the defendant is innocent or otherwise not convicted of first-degree murder, the death penalty will not be imposed. At the second hearing, the jury determines whether certain statutory aggravating factors exist, whether any mitigating factors exist, and, in many jurisdictions, weigh the aggravating and mitigating factors in assessing the ultimate penalty – either death or life in prison, either with or without parole.

question: In what year was Gregg v. Georgia decided?, answer: 1976 | question: Along with the guilt-innocence phase, what is the other phase of a death penalty trial under Gregg v. Georgia?, answer: sentencing | question: What is the only conviction that can lead to the death penalty?, answer: first-degree murder | question: Along with aggravating factors, what other factors are considered at the second hearing?, answer: mitigating | question: What is decided at the first proceeding?, answer: the defendant's guilt
In 1977, Elizabeth marked the Silver Jubilee of her accession. Parties and events took place throughout the Commonwealth, many coinciding with her associated national and Commonwealth tours. The celebrations re-affirmed the Queen's popularity, despite virtually coincident negative press coverage of Princess Margaret's separation from her husband. In 1978, the Queen endured a state visit to the United Kingdom by Romania's communist dictator, Nicolae Ceaușescu, and his wife, Elena, though privately she thought they had "blood on their hands". The following year brought two blows: one was the unmasking of Anthony Blunt, former Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures, as a communist spy; the other was the assassination of her relative and in-law Lord Mountbatten by the Provisional Irish Republican Army.

question: What Jubilee did Elizabeth celebrate in 1977?, answer: Silver | question: When did Princess Margaret separate from her husband?, answer: 1977 | question: In what year did Nicolae Ceausescu visit the UK?, answer: 1978 | question: Who, in 1979, was discovered to be a communist spy?, answer: Anthony Blunt | question: What group assassinated Lord Mountbatten?, answer: Provisional Irish Republican Army
In 1977, Hayek was critical of the Lib-Lab pact, in which the British Liberal Party agreed to keep the British Labour government in office. Writing to The Times, Hayek said, "May one who has devoted a large part of his life to the study of the history and the principles of liberalism point out that a party that keeps a socialist government in power has lost all title to the name 'Liberal'. Certainly no liberal can in future vote 'Liberal'". Hayek was criticised by Liberal politicians Gladwyn Jebb and Andrew Phillips, who both claimed that the purpose of the pact was to discourage socialist legislation.

question: What was the name of the agreement Hayek criticized in 1977?, answer: Lib-Lab pact | question: What did some Liberal politicians claim the pact was meant to do?, answer: discourage socialist legislation | question: The agreement Hayek criticized was between the British Labour government and which political party?, answer: British Liberal Party | question: What did Hayek believe was lost in the continued empowerment of a socialist government?, answer: all title to the name 'Liberal'
In 1977, the Supreme Court's Coker v. Georgia decision barred the death penalty for rape of an adult woman, and implied that the death penalty was inappropriate for any offense against another person other than murder. Prior to the decision, the death penalty for rape of an adult had been gradually phased out in the United States, and at the time of the decision, the State of Georgia and the U.S. Federal government were the only two jurisdictions to still retain the death penalty for that offense. However, three states maintained the death penalty for child rape, as the Coker decision only imposed a ban on executions for the rape of an adult woman. In 2008, the Kennedy v. Louisiana decision barred the death penalty for child rape. The result of these two decisions means that the death penalty in the United States is largely restricted to cases where the defendant took the life of another human being. The current federal kidnapping statute, however, may be exempt because the death penalty applies if the victim dies in the perpetrator's custody, not necessarily by his hand, thus stipulating a resulting death, which was the wording of the objection. In addition, the Federal government retains the death penalty for non-murder offenses that are considered crimes against the state, including treason, espionage, and crimes under military jurisdiction.

question: In what year was Coker v. Georgia decided?, answer: 1977 | question: For what offense did Coker v. Georgia forbid the death penalty?, answer: rape of an adult woman | question: Along with Georgia, what American jurisdiction allowed people to be executed for the rape of an adult prior to Coker?, answer: U.S. Federal government | question: What ruling forbid the government from executing child rapists?, answer: Kennedy v. Louisiana | question: Prior to Kennedy v. Louisiana, how many states criminalized child rape?, answer: three
In 1977, two thirds of the Presbyterian Church of Australia, along with most of the Congregational Union of Australia and all the Methodist Church of Australasia, combined to form the Uniting Church in Australia. The third who did not unite had various reasons for so acting, often cultural attachment but often conservative theological or social views. The permission for the ordination of women given in 1974 was rescinded in 1991 without affecting the two or three existing woman ministers. The approval of women elders given in the 1960s has been rescinded in all states except New South Wales, which has the largest membership. The theology of the church is now generally conservative and Reformed. A number of small Presbyterian denominations have arisen since the 1950s through migration or schism.

question: In what year did the Presbyterian Church of Australia , the Congregational Union of Australia , and all the Methodist Church of Australasia merge?, answer: 1977 | question: In what year was ordination of woman ministries recsinded?, answer: 1991 | question: The approval of women elders which was given in 1960 has been rescinded in all of the Australian states except one, which state did not?, answer: New South Wales
In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and exhibition of Aboriginal photography. In contrast to previous definitions based solely on the degree of Aboriginal ancestry, in 1990 the Government changed the legal definition of Aboriginal to include any:

question: Who wrote "Living Black?, answer: Kevin Gilbert | question: What year was Gilbert awarded for his efforts?, answer: 1978 | question: What was Living Black about?, answer: a collection of Aboriginal people's stories | question: What award did Gilbert refuse in 1998?, answer: the Human Rights Award for Literature | question: What was the award in 1998 for?, answer: Inside Black Australia
In 1978, Hayek came into conflict with the Liberal Party leader, David Steel, who claimed that liberty was possible only with "social justice and an equitable distribution of wealth and power, which in turn require a degree of active government intervention" and that the Conservative Party were more concerned with the connection between liberty and private enterprise than between liberty and democracy. Hayek claimed that a limited democracy might be better than other forms of limited government at protecting liberty but that an unlimited democracy was worse than other forms of unlimited government because "its government loses the power even to do what it thinks right if any group on which its majority depends thinks otherwise".

question: Which party was criticized for being less concerned about liberty and democracy?, answer: the Conservative Party | question: With which political group was David Steel affiliated?, answer: Liberal Party | question: Who disagreed with David Steel's statements in 1978, answer: Hayek | question: Which type of government was more favorable than others according to Hayek?, answer: limited democracy | question: Hayek believed that which type of democracy was the worst of its alternatives?, answer: unlimited
In 1978, Jim Shooter became Marvel's editor-in-chief. Although a controversial personality, Shooter cured many of the procedural ills at Marvel, including repeatedly missed deadlines. During Shooter's nine-year tenure as editor-in-chief, Chris Claremont and John Byrne's run on the Uncanny X-Men and Frank Miller's run on Daredevil became critical and commercial successes. Shooter brought Marvel into the rapidly evolving direct market, institutionalized creator royalties, starting with the Epic Comics imprint for creator-owned material in 1982; introduced company-wide crossover story arcs with Contest of Champions and Secret Wars; and in 1986 launched the ultimately unsuccessful New Universe line to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Marvel Comics imprint. Star Comics, a children-oriented line differing from the regular Marvel titles, was briefly successful during this period.

question: Who took over as head of Marvel in 1978?, answer: Jim Shooter | question: What is an example of a bad practice eliminated under Shooter's regime at Marvel?, answer: repeatedly missed deadlines | question: What noted artist and writer made brought Daredevil to the forefront during the 1980s?, answer: Frank Miller | question: What team of artist and writer helped popularize the Uncanny X-Men line of comics in the 1980s?, answer: Chris Claremont and John Byrne | question: Secret Wars was an early example of what Marvel comics story trope?, answer: crossover story arcs
In 1978, Josep Lluís Núñez became the first elected president of FC Barcelona, and, since then, the members of Barcelona have elected the club president. The process of electing a president of FC Barcelona was closely tied to Spain's transition to democracy in 1974 and the end of Franco's dictatorship. The new president's main objective was to develop Barcelona into a world-class club by giving it stability both on and off the pitch. His presidency was to last for 22 years, and it deeply affected the image of Barcelona, as Núñez held to a strict policy regarding wages and discipline, letting go of such players as Maradona, Romário and Ronaldo rather than meeting their demands.

question: Who was the first elected president of the Barcelona club?, answer: Josep Lluís Núñez | question: When was Nunez elected as president of FC Barcelona?, answer: 1978 | question: What group elects the club president?, answer: members of Barcelona | question: How long was Nunez president of Barcelona?, answer: 22 years | question: What was Nunez known to be strict about?, answer: wages and discipline
In 1978, Queen toured the US and Canada, and spent much of 1979 touring in Europe and Japan. They released their first live album, Live Killers, in 1979; it went platinum twice in the US. Queen also released the very successful single "Crazy Little Thing Called Love", a rockabilly inspired song done in the style of Elvis Presley. The song made the top 10 in many countries, topped the Australian ARIA Charts for seven consecutive weeks, and was the band's first number one single in the United States where it topped the Billboard Hot 100 for four weeks. Having written the song on guitar and played rhythm on the record, Mercury played rhythm guitar while performing the song live, which was the first time he ever played guitar in concert. In December 1979, Queen played the opening night at the Concert for the People of Kampuchea in London, having accepted a request by the event's organiser Paul McCartney.

question: Who organized the Concert for the People of Kampuchea?, answer: Paul McCartney | question: In what year was Queen's Live Killers released?, answer: 1979 | question: How many times platinum did Queen's Live Killers go in the US?, answer: twice | question: Queen's Crazy Little Thing Called Love was an ode to which singer?, answer: Elvis Presley | question: In what year did Queen play the Concert for the People of Kampuchea?, answer: 1979
In 1978, Sewall Wright suggested that human populations that have long inhabited separated parts of the world should, in general, be considered different subspecies by the usual criterion that most individuals of such populations can be allocated correctly by inspection. Wright argued that it does not require a trained anthropologist to classify an array of Englishmen, West Africans, and Chinese with 100% accuracy by features, skin color, and type of hair despite so much variability within each of these groups that every individual can easily be distinguished from every other. However, it is customary to use the term race rather than subspecies for the major subdivisions of the human species as well as for minor ones.

question: When did Sewall Wright make his suggestion about human populations?, answer: 1978 | question: How should populations long inhabiting separate parts of the world be considered?, answer: different subspecies | question: What is required to allocate individuals in subspecies populations correctly?, answer: inspection | question: What did Wright feel it wouldn't take an anthropologist to easily distinguish between of in groups?, answer: individual | question: What term is it customary to use instead of subspecies?, answer: race
In 1978, she dropped out of college and relocated to New York City. She had little money and worked as a waitress at Dunkin' Donuts and with modern dance troupes, taking classes at the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater and eventually performing with Pear Lang Dance Theater. Madonna said of her move to New York, "It was the first time I'd ever taken a plane, the first time I'd ever gotten a taxi cab. I came here with $35 in my pocket. It was the bravest thing I'd ever done." She started to work as a backup dancer for other established artists. Madonna claimed that during a late night she was returning from a rehearsal, when a pair of men held her at knifepoint and forced her to perform fellatio. Madonna later commented that "the episode was a taste of my weakness, it showed me that I still could not save myself in spite of all the strong-girl show. I could never forget it."

question: When did Madonna drop out of college?, answer: 1978 | question: Which restaurant did Madonna work in New York City?, answer: Dunkin' Donuts | question: Where did Madonna take dance classes at in New York City?, answer: Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater | question: How much did Madonna have when she first went to NYC?, answer: $35 | question: What did she also work as for other established artists?, answer: backup dancer
In 1978, the band released Jazz, which reached number two in the UK and number six on the Billboard 200 in the US. The album included the hit singles "Fat Bottomed Girls" and "Bicycle Race" on a double-sided record. Queen rented Wimbledon Stadium for a day to shoot the video, with 65 naked female models hired to stage a nude bicycle race. Reviews of the album in recent years have been more favourable. Another notable track from Jazz, "Don't Stop Me Now", provides another example of the band's exuberant vocal harmonies.

question: In what year did Queen release the album Jazz?, answer: 1978 | question: What number did Queen's Jazz reach on UK charts?, answer: two | question: What number did Queen's Jazz reach on the Billboard 200?, answer: six | question: What were the two hit singles off of Queen's album Jazz?, answer: "Fat Bottomed Girls" and "Bicycle Race" | question: Queen rented what venue for a music video in 1978?, answer: Wimbledon Stadium
In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1080i/1125 lines). Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989, with regular testing starting in 1991 and regular broadcasting of BS-9ch commencing on November 25, 1994, which featured commercial and NHK programming.

question: In what year did NHK first develop consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?, answer: 1979 | question: Who first developed consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?, answer: the Japanese state broadcaster NHK | question: When did satellite test broadcasts of Hi-Vision start?, answer: 1989 | question: When did regular broadcasting of BS-9ch start?, answer: November 25, 1994 | question: When did regular testing of Hi-Vision start?, answer: 1991
In 1979, the U.S. placed Libya on its list of "State Sponsors of Terrorism", while at the end of the year a demonstration torched the U.S. embassy in Tripoli in solidarity with the perpetrators of the Iran hostage crisis. The following year, Libyan fighters began intercepting U.S. fighter jets flying over the Mediterranean, signalling the collapse of relations between the two countries. Libyan relations with Lebanon and Shi'ite communities across the world also deteriorated due to the August 1978 disappearance of imam Musa al-Sadr when visiting Libya; the Lebanese accused Gaddafi of having him killed or imprisoned, a charge he denied. Relations with Syria improved, as Gaddafi and Syrian President Hafez al-Assad shared an enmity with Israel and Egypt's Sadat. In 1980, they proposed a political union, with Libya paying off Syria's £1 billion debt to the Soviet Union; although pressures led Assad to pull out, they remained allies. Another key ally was Uganda, and in 1979, Gaddafi sent 2,500 troops into Uganda to defend the regime of President Idi Amin from Tanzanian invaders. The mission failed; 400 Libyans were killed and they were forced to retreat. Gaddafi later came to regret his alliance with Amin, openly criticising him.

question: What list did the United States add Libya to in 1979?, answer: State Sponsors of Terrorism | question: In what Libyan city was the United States embassy burned in 1979?, answer: Tripoli | question: What event prompted the burning of the US embassy in Libya?, answer: Iran hostage crisis | question: How much money did Syria owe to the Soviets as of 1980?, answer: £1 billion | question: What country's military was attacking Uganda in 1979?, answer: Tanzanian
In 1979, the committees began the redistribution of land in the Jefara plain, continuing through 1981. In May 1980, measures to redistribute and equalize wealth were implemented; anyone with over 1000 dinar in his bank account saw that extra money expropriated. The following year, the GPC announced that the government would take control of all import, export and distribution functions, with state supermarkets replacing privately owned businesses; this led to a decline in the availability of consumer goods and the development of a thriving black market.

question: Where did land redistribution begin in 1979?, answer: Jefara plain | question: When did the Jefara plain land redistribution end?, answer: 1981 | question: What was the maximum amount of money a person could have in their bank account without having it expropriated in 1980?, answer: 1000 dinar | question: What took the place of private businesses in 1981?, answer: state supermarkets | question: As a result of the 1981 laws putting the government in control of commerce, what began to thrive?, answer: black market
In 1980 half of all the industrial jobs in Mexico were located in Mexico City. Under relentless growth, the Mexico City government could barely keep up with services. Villagers from the countryside who continued to pour into the city to escape poverty only compounded the city's problems. With no housing available, they took over lands surrounding the city, creating huge shantytowns that extended for many miles. This caused serious air pollution in Mexico City and water pollution problems, as well as subsidence due to overextraction of groundwater. Air and water pollution has been contained and improved in several areas due to government programs, the renovation of vehicles and the modernization of public transportation.

question: How many of the industrial jobs in the county were based in Mexico City in the late 20th century?, answer: half | question: What did the countryside workers make to live in?, answer: shantytowns | question: What did the shantytowns create?, answer: serious air pollution