lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The apse mosaic of the Gelati Monastery is a rare example of mosaic use in Georgia. Began by king David IV and completed by his son Demetrius I of Georgia, the fragmentary panel depicts Theotokos flanked by two archangels. The use of mosaic in Gelati attests to some Byzantine influence in the country and was a demonstration of the imperial ambition of the Bagrationids. The mosaic covered church could compete in magnificence with the churches of Constantinople. Gelati is one of few mosaic creations which survived in Georgia but fragments prove that the early churches of Pitsunda and Tsromi were also decorated with mosaic as well as other, lesser known sites. The destroyed 6th century mosaic floors in the Pitsunda Cathedral have been inspired by Roman prototypes. In Tsromi the tesserae are still visible on the walls of the 7th-century church but only faint lines hint at the original scheme. Its central figure was Christ standing and displaying a scroll with Georgian text.

question: In what country is the the Gelati Monastery located?, answer: Georgia | question: Who started construction on the Gelati Monastery?, answer: king David IV | question: Who eventually oversaw completion of the Gelati Monastery?, answer: Demetrius I of Georgia | question: Who was the central theme of the mosaics at Tsromi?, answer: Christ
The archipelago is formed by high points on the rim of the caldera of a submarine volcano that forms a seamount. The volcano is one part of a range that was formed as part of the same process that formed the floor of the Atlantic, and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The top of the seamount has gone through periods of complete submergence, during which its limestone cap was formed by marine organisms, and during the Ice Ages the entire caldera was above sea level, forming an island of approximately two hundred square miles.

question: What is the limestone cap of the seamount made from?, answer: marine organisms | question: During the ice age, what area of land was above water?, answer: approximately two hundred square miles | question: Has the seamount always been above sealevel?, answer: The top of the seamount has gone through periods of complete submergence | question: What type of volcano forms the archipelago?, answer: a submarine volcano | question: Why is the top of the seamount formed by marine organisms?, answer: periods of complete submergence, | question: What was the result of the whole cladera being above sea level during the Ice Ages?, answer: an island | question: The submarine volcano was formed as part of the same proces as what two things?, answer: the floor of the Atlantic, and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
The architectural history of Estonia mainly reflects its contemporary development in northern Europe. Worth mentioning is especially the architectural ensemble that makes out the medieval old town of Tallinn, which is on the UNESCO World Heritage List. In addition, the country has several unique, more or less preserved hill forts dating from pre-Christian times, a large number of still intact medieval castles and churches, while the countryside is still shaped by the presence of a vast number of manor houses from earlier centuries.

question: Which medieval town is on the UNESCO World Heritage List?, answer: Tallinn | question: When were the preserved hill forts in Estonia built?, answer: pre-Christian times | question: What institutional structures still exist from medieval times?, answer: castles and churches
The architecture of Montevideo ranges from Neoclassical buildings such as the Montevideo Metropolitan Cathedral to the Postmodern style of the World Trade Center Montevideo or the 158-metre (518 ft) ANTEL Telecommunication Tower, the tallest skyscraper in the country. The Along with the Telecommunications Tower, the Palacio Salvo dominates the skyline of the Bay of Montevideo. The building façades in the Old Town reflect the city's extensive European immigration, displaying the influence of old European architecture. Notable government buildings include the Legislative Palace, the City Hall, Estévez Palace and the Executive Tower. The most notable sports stadium is the Estadio Centenario within Parque Batlle. Parque Batlle, Parque Rodó and Parque Prado are Montevideo's three great parks.

question: What style of building is the Montevideo Metropolitan Cathedral?, answer: Neoclassical | question: What style of building is the World Trade Center Montevideo?, answer: Postmodern | question: What is the tallest skyscraper in the country?, answer: ANTEL Telecommunication Tower
The area between Belvidere Street, Interstate 195, Interstate 95, and the river, which includes Virginia Commonwealth University, is socioeconomically and architecturally diverse. North of Broad Street, the Carver and Newtowne West neighborhoods are demographically similar to neighboring Jackson Ward, with Carver experiencing some gentrification due to its proximity to VCU. The affluent area between the Boulevard, Main Street, Broad Street, and VCU, known as the Fan, is home to Monument Avenue, an outstanding collection of Victorian architecture, and many students. West of the Boulevard is the Museum District, the location of the Virginia Historical Society and the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. South of the Downtown Expressway are Byrd Park, Maymont, Hollywood Cemetery, the predominantly black working class Randolph neighborhood, and white working class Oregon Hill. Cary Street between Interstate 195 and the Boulevard is a popular commercial area called Carytown.

question: The neighborhood of Newtowne West is north of what street?, answer: Broad | question: Along with Newtowne West, to what neighborhood is Carver regarded as having comparable demographics?, answer: Jackson Ward | question: What Richmond street contains a notable amount of Victorian buildings?, answer: Monument Avenue | question: In what part of Richmond is the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts found?, answer: Museum District | question: What is the primary race of the population of the Randolph neighborhood?, answer: black
The area near the border with Cameroon close to the coast is rich rainforest and part of the Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests ecoregion, an important centre for biodiversity. It is habitat for the drill monkey, which is found in the wild only in this area and across the border in Cameroon. The areas surrounding Calabar, Cross River State, also in this forest, are believed to contain the world's largest diversity of butterflies. The area of southern Nigeria between the Niger and the Cross Rivers has lost most of its forest because of development and harvesting by increased population, with it being replaced by grassland (see Cross-Niger transition forests).

question: What does the Cross River State area of Nigeria have the world's largest variety of?, answer: butterflies | question: Southern Nigeria is turning from a forest to what type of environment?, answer: grassland | question: What type of monkey is only found in parts of Nigeria and Cameroon?, answer: the drill monkey | question: What ecoregion is in Nigeria near the Cameroon border?, answer: Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests | question: Why is southern Nigeria losing its forests?, answer: development and harvesting by increased population
The area now called Galicia was first inhabited by humans during the Middle Paleolithic period, and it takes its name from the Gallaeci, the Celtic peoples living north of the Douro river during the last millennium BC, in a region largely coincidental with that of the Iron Age local Castro culture. Galicia was incorporated into the Roman Empire at the end of the Cantabrian Wars in 19 BC, being turned into a Roman province in the 3rd century AD. In 410, the Germanic Suebi established a kingdom with its capital in Braga (Portugal) which was incorporated into that of the Visigoths in 585. In 711, the Arabs invaded the Iberian Peninsula, taking the Visigoth kingdom, but soon in 740 Galicia was incorporated into the Christian kingdom of Asturias. During the Middle Ages, the kingdom of Galicia was occasionally ruled by its own kings, but most of the time it was leagued to the kingdom of Leon and later to that of Castile, while maintaining its own legal and customary practices and personality. From the 13th century on, the kings of Castile, as kings of Galicia, appointed an Adiantado-mór, whose attributions passed to the Governor and Captain General of the Kingdom of Galiza from the last years of the 15th century. The Governor also presided the Real Audiencia do Reino de Galicia, a royal tribunal and government body. From the 16th century, the representation and voice of the kingdom was held by an assembly of deputies and representatives of the cities of the kingdom, the Cortes or Junta of the Kingdom of Galicia, an institution which was forcibly discontinued in 1833 when the kingdom was divided into four administrative provinces with no legal mutual links. During the 19th and 20th centuries, demand grew for self-government and for the recognition of the personality of Galicia, a demand which led to the frustrated Statute of Autonomy of 1936, and to the Statute of Autonomy of 1981, currently in force.

question: During which period did humans first inhabit Galicia?, answer: Middle Paleolithic | question: Where does its name come from?, answer: Gallaeci, the Celtic peoples | question: Which empire turned Galicia into one of its provinces the 3rd century AD?, answer: Roman Empire | question: What was the name of the assembly of representatives that began in the 16th century?, answer: the Cortes or Junta | question: Which year was the current Statute of Autonomy enacted?, answer: 1981
The area now known as Tennessee was first inhabited by Paleo-Indians nearly 12,000 years ago. The names of the cultural groups that inhabited the area between first settlement and the time of European contact are unknown, but several distinct cultural phases have been named by archaeologists, including Archaic (8000–1000 BC), Woodland (1000 BC–1000 AD), and Mississippian (1000–1600 AD), whose chiefdoms were the cultural predecessors of the Muscogee people who inhabited the Tennessee River Valley before Cherokee migration into the river's headwaters.

question: How many years ago was Tennessee first inhabited by humans?, answer: 12,000 | question: What time period corresponds with the Mississippian cultural phase in early Tennessee history?, answer: 1000–1600 AD | question: Which Native American people are the first group to inhabit Tennessee that we know by name?, answer: Muscogee | question: What do archaeologists call the cultural phase of the inhabitants of Tennessee between 1000 BC and 1000 AD?, answer: Woodland
The area of modern Zhejiang was outside the major sphere of influence of the Shang civilization during the second millennium BC. Instead, this area was populated by peoples collectively known as the Hundred Yue, including the Dongyue and the Ouyue. The kingdom of Yue began to appear in the chronicles and records written during the Spring and Autumn Period. According to the chronicles, the kingdom of Yue was located in northern Zhejiang. Shiji claims that its leaders were descended from the Shang founder Yu the Great. Evidence suggests that Baiyue and the kingdom of Yue possessed their own culture and history that are different from those kingdoms in north and central China, whose cultures and histories were carefully recorded in chronicles and histories during the Spring and Autumn Period and into the Qin dynasty. The Song of the Yue Boatman (Chinese: 越人歌, p Yuèrén Gē, lit. "Song of the man of Yue") was transliterated into Chinese and recorded by authors in north China or inland China of Hebei and Henan around 528 BC. The song shows that the Yue people spoke a language that was mutually unintelligible with the dialects spoken in north and inland China. The Yue peoples seem to have had their own written script. The Sword of Goujian bears bird-worm seal script. Yuenü (Chinese: 越女; pinyin: Yuènǚ; Wade–Giles: Yüeh-nü; literally: "the Lady of Yue") was a swordswoman from the state of Yue. In order to check the growth of the kingdom of Wu, Chu pursued a policy of strengthening Yue. Under King Goujian, Yue recovered from its early reverses and fully annexed the lands of its rival in 473 BC. The Yue kings then moved their capital center from their original home around Mount Kuaiji in present-day Shaoxing to the former Wu capital at present-day Suzhou. With no southern power to turn against Yue, Chu opposed it directly and, in 333 BC, succeeded in destroying it. Yue's former lands were annexed by the Qin Empire in 222 BC and organized into a commandery named for Kuaiji in Zhejiang but initially headquartered in Wu in Jiangsu.

question: Who populated the areas of Zhejiang in the 2nd millennium BC?, answer: Hundred Yue | question: When did the kingdom of Yue begin to appear?, answer: Spring and Autumn Period | question: Where was the kingdom of Yue located according to chronicles?, answer: northern Zhejiang | question: Who does Shiji claim that its leaders were descended from?, answer: Yu the Great | question: What does the Sword of Goujian bear?, answer: bird-worm seal script
The area receives about 820 millimetres (32.3 in) of annual rainfall, which is concentrated from June through September/October with little or no precipitation the remainder of the year. The area has two main seasons. The rainy season runs from June to October when winds bring in tropical moisture from the sea. The dry season runs from November to May, when the air is relatively drier. This dry season subdivides into a cold period and a warm period. The cold period spans from November to February when polar air masses push down from the north and keep the air fairly dry. The warm period extends from March to May when tropical winds again dominate but do not yet carry enough moisture for rain.

question: How much rain falls on Mexico City?, answer: 820 millimetres (32.3 in) | question: When is it warm, yet does not rain?, answer: March to May | question: When does the majority of the rain fall in Mexico City?, answer: June to October | question: When is it coldest in Mexico City?, answer: November to February | question: What mostly controls the rain in Mexico City?, answer: tropical winds
The area surrounding Utrecht Centraal railway station and the station itself were developed following modernist ideas of the 1960s, in a brutalist style. This led to the construction of the shopping mall Hoog Catharijne (nl), music centre Vredenburg (Hertzberger, 1979), and conversion of part of the ancient canal structure into a highway (Catherijnebaan). Protest against further modernisation of the city centre followed even before the last buildings were finalised. In the early 21st century the whole area is being redeveloped. The music redeveloped music centre opened in 2014 where the original Vredenburg concert and rock and jazz halls are brought together in a single building.

question: What was railway area developed into, answer: were developed following modernist ideas of the 1960s, in a brutalist style | question: What mall was constructed, answer: the shopping mall Hoog Catharijne | question: What happened in the early 21 st century, answer: In the early 21st century the whole area is being redeveloped
The area's many colleges and universities are active in college athletics. Four NCAA Division I members play in the city—Boston College, Boston University, Harvard University, and Northeastern University. Of the four, only Boston College participates in college football at the highest level, the Football Bowl Subdivision. Harvard participates in the second-highest level, the Football Championship Subdivision.

question: How many NCAA Division I members play in Boston?, answer: four | question: Which college participates in college football at the highest level?, answer: Boston College | question: What is the name of the highest level of college football?, answer: the Football Bowl Subdivision | question: Who participates in the second highest level of college football?, answer: Harvard | question: What is the name of the second highest level of college football?, answer: Football Championship Subdivision
The area's many colleges and universities make Boston an international center of higher education and medicine, and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation. Boston's economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, and government activities. Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States; businesses and institutions rank amongst the top in the country for environmental sustainability and investment. The city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States, though it remains high on world livability rankings.

question: What ranks in the top of the country for investment?, answer: businesses and institutions | question: Households in Boston claim the highest average rate of what in the United States?, answer: philanthropy | question: Bostons businesses rank top in the country for what?, answer: environmental sustainability and investment | question: Where does Boston rank as far as cost of living in the United States?, answer: The city has one of the highest costs of living | question: How does Boston rank on world livability?, answer: high | question: Boston is internationally known for education and medicine because of its many what?, answer: colleges and universities
The area's many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational and economic hub. With a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with several nationally prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and history, attracting over 39 million domestic tourists in 2013. Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city, and Fairmount Park is the largest landscaped urban park in the world. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism. Philadelphia is the birthplace of the United States Marine Corps, and is also the home of many U.S. firsts, including the first library (1731), first hospital (1751) and medical school (1765), first Capitol (1777), first stock exchange (1790), first zoo (1874), and first business school (1881). Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States.

question: What is the GDP of the city?, answer: $388 billion | question: Where does it rank in comparison to other US cities in GDP?, answer: fourth | question: How many Fortune 500 companies call Philadelpia home?, answer: seven | question: How many domestic tourists visit annually?, answer: 39 million | question: What branch of the US military was born in Philadelphia?, answer: United States Marine Corps
The areas that are not arid and receive high precipitation experience periodic flooding from rapid snowmelt and runoff. The mean precipitation in the Alps ranges from a low of 2,600 mm (100 in) per year to 3,600 mm (140 in) per year, with the higher levels occurring at high altitudes. At altitudes between 1,000 and 3,000 m (3,281 and 9,843 ft), snowfall begins in November and accumulates through to April or May when the melt begins. Snow lines vary from 2,400 to 3,000 m (7,874 to 9,843 ft), above which the snow is permanent and the temperatures hover around the freezing point even July and August. High-water levels in streams and rivers peak in June and July when the snow is still melting at the higher altitudes.

question: What areas experience periodic flooding from rapid snowmelt and runoff?, answer: The areas that are not arid and receive high precipitation | question: What are the ranges of mean precipitation in the Alps?, answer: 2,600 mm (100 in) per year to 3,600 mm (140 in) per year | question: Where do the higher levels of precipitation occur?, answer: high altitudes | question: At what altitude does snowfall begin in November?, answer: At altitudes between 1,000 and 3,000 m
The armillary sphere, a three-dimensional representation of the movements in the celestial sphere, was invented in Han China by the 1st century BC. Using a water clock, waterwheel and a series of gears, the Court Astronomer Zhang Heng (78–139 AD) was able to mechanically rotate his metal-ringed armillary sphere. To address the problem of slowed timekeeping in the pressure head of the inflow water clock, Zhang was the first in China to install an additional tank between the reservoir and inflow vessel. Zhang also invented a seismometer (Houfeng didong yi 候风地动仪) in 132 AD to detect the exact cardinal or ordinal direction of earthquakes from hundreds of kilometers away. This employed an inverted pendulum that, when disturbed by ground tremors, would trigger a set of gears that dropped a metal ball from one of eight dragon mouths (representing all eight directions) into a metal toad's mouth.

question: Who was responsible for the invention of the seismometer?, answer: Zhang Heng | question: In what year was the seismometer first invented?, answer: 132 AD | question: How many dragons were represented in Zhang Heng's invention of the seismometer?, answer: eight | question: What invention included an inverted pendulum?, answer: seismometer | question: What was exchanged from mouth to mouth in the usage of the seismometer?, answer: metal ball
The army employs various individual weapons to provide light firepower at short ranges. The most common weapons used by the army are the compact variant of the M16 rifle, the M4 carbine, as well as the 7.62×51mm variant of the FN SCAR for Army Rangers. The primary sidearm in the U.S. Army is the 9 mm M9 pistol; the M11 pistol is also used. Both handguns are to be replaced through the Modular Handgun System program. Soldiers are also equiped with various hand grenades, such as the M67 fragmentation grenade and M18 smoke grenade.

question: What is the primary sidearm used by the U.S. Army?, answer: 9 mm M9 pistol | question: What type of frag grenade is used by the U.S. Army?, answer: M67 | question: The M18 is a type of what kind of grenade?, answer: smoke | question: Through what system are handguns being replacedby the U.S. Army?, answer: Modular Handgun System
The army has relied heavily on tents to provide the various facilities needed while on deployment. The most common tent uses for the military are as temporary barracks (sleeping quarters), DFAC buildings (dining facilities), forward operating bases (FOBs), after action review (AAR), tactical operations center (TOC), morale, welfare, and recreation (MWR) facilities, and security checkpoints. Furthermore, most of these tents are set up and operated through the support of Natick Soldier Systems Center.

question: What does the army use for facilities while they are deployed?, answer: tents | question: What is the abbreviation for a tactical operations center?, answer: TOC | question: What does FOB stand for?, answer: forward operating bases | question: Where are the dining facilities called?, answer: DFAC buildings | question: What are the barracks used for?, answer: sleeping quarters
The army is also changing its base unit from divisions to brigades. Division lineage will be retained, but the divisional headquarters will be able to command any brigade, not just brigades that carry their divisional lineage. The central part of this plan is that each brigade will be modular, i.e., all brigades of the same type will be exactly the same, and thus any brigade can be commanded by any division. As specified before the 2013 end-strength re-definitions, the three major types of ground combat brigades are:

question: What is the army replacing divisions with?, answer: brigades | question: How will the brigades be structured?, answer: modular | question: Who can command any brigade?, answer: divisional headquarters