lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Some examples: the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established a framework for the development of binding greenhouse gas emission limits, while the Kyoto Protocol contained the specific provisions and regulations later agreed upon.

question: The Kyoto Protocol is associated with what treaty?, answer: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change | question: The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was supplemented by what protocol?, answer: the Kyoto Protocol | question: The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change established a framework for the development of what?, answer: binding greenhouse gas emission limits | question: While the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change established a framework for developing greenhouse gas emission limits, the Kyoto Protocol contained what?, answer: the specific provisions and regulations later agreed upon | question: The agreement that contained specific provisions related to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is an example of what agreement that supplements a treaty?, answer: Protocol
Some experiments on very resinous Longleaf Pine specimens indicate an increase in strength, due to the resin which increases the strength when dry. Such resin-saturated heartwood is called "fat lighter". Structures built of fat lighter are almost impervious to rot and termites; however they are very flammable. Stumps of old longleaf pines are often dug, split into small pieces and sold as kindling for fires. Stumps thus dug may actually remain a century or more since being cut. Spruce impregnated with crude resin and dried is also greatly increased in strength thereby.

question: What type of tree has resin that makes it stronger when it dries?, answer: Longleaf Pine | question: What's the funny name for resin-saturated heartwood?, answer: fat lighter | question: What is fat lighter practically impervious to in addition to termites?, answer: rot | question: If spruce is shot full of crude resin and dried, which of its properties is increased?, answer: strength | question: Since it's highly flammable, what do people often use little pieces of longleaf pine tree stumps for?, answer: kindling
Some fans enjoy a pastime of collecting tapes of wrestling shows from specific companies, of certain wrestlers, or of specific genres. The Internet has given fans exposure to worldwide variations of wrestling they would be unable to see otherwise. Since the 1990s, many companies have been founded which deal primarily in wrestling footage. When the WWF purchased both WCW and ECW in 2001, they also obtained the entire past video libraries of both productions and have released many past matches online and on home video.

question: What do some fans like to do?, answer: collecting tapes of wrestling shows | question: What has the internet done for wrestling fans?, answer: exposure to worldwide variations of wrestling | question: Many companies who handle wrestling footage have been founded since what decade?, answer: 1990s | question: What companies did WWF purchase in 2001?, answer: WCW and ECW
Some federal constitutions also provide that certain constitutional amendments cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state. The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent. In Australia, if a proposed amendment will specifically impact one or more states, then it must be endorsed in the referendum held in each of those states. Any amendment to the Canadian constitution that would modify the role of the monarchy would require unanimous consent of the provinces. The German Basic Law provides that no amendment is admissible at all that would abolish the federal system.

question: The US Constitution says what to amendments?, answer: provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent | question: What happens when certain constitutional amendments cannot occur?, answer: cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state | question: Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what first?, answer: would require unanimous consent of the provinces. | question: What is the German basic law?, answer: provides that no amendment is admissible at all that would abolish the federal system.
Some findings in the fields of cosmology, evolutionary biology and neuroscience are interpreted by atheists (including Lawrence M. Krauss and Sam Harris) as evidence that God is an imaginary entity only, with no basis in reality. A single, omniscient God who is imagined to have created the universe and is particularly attentive to the lives of humans has been imagined, embellished and promulgated in a trans-generational manner. Richard Dawkins interprets various findings not only as a lack of evidence for the material existence of such a God but extensive evidence to the contrary.

question: How does Dawkins interpret evidence for or against the existence of God?, answer: a lack of evidence for the material existence | question: What do atheists believe of God?, answer: an imaginary entity only | question: How long has the thought of the existence of God been carried on?, answer: trans-generational | question: How does Dawkins interpret his findings on the existence, or not, of God., answer: a lack of evidence for the material existence of such a God | question: Who believes God isn't real?, answer: Lawrence M. Krauss and Sam Harris
Some forms of Greek before the Koine Greek period are reconstructed as having aspirated stops. The Classical Attic dialect of Ancient Greek had a three-way distinction in stops like Eastern Armenian: /t tʰ d/. These stops were called ψιλά, δασέα, μέσα "thin, thick, middle" by Koine Greek grammarians.

question: Early Greek (before Koine) have been redone with what?, answer: aspirated stops. | question: What Greek dialect had three-way stop distinction like Eastern Armenian?, answer: Classical Attic | question: Who referred to the Classical Attic dialect stops by the three distinctions?, answer: Greek grammarians
Some forms of corruption – now called "institutional corruption" – are distinguished from bribery and other kinds of obvious personal gain. A similar problem of corruption arises in any institution that depends on financial support from people who have interests that may conflict with the primary purpose of the institution.

question: Another for of corruption is what?, answer: institutional corruption | question: A form of corruption that does not involve personal gain is known as what?, answer: institutional corruption | question: Bribery is an example of corruption that involves what type of gain?, answer: personal gain | question: What are some forms of corruption now called?, answer: institutional corruption | question: Institutional corruption is distinguished from what type of corruption?, answer: bribery | question: This type of problem happens in any organization where the interests of the people who financially support it conflicts with what?, answer: the primary purpose of the institution
Some high mountain villages, such as Avoriaz (in France), Wengen, and Zermatt (in Switzerland) are accessible only by cable car or cog-rail trains, and are car free. Other villages in the Alps are considering becoming car free zones or limiting the number of cars for reasons of sustainability of the fragile Alpine terrain.

question: Where is the village of Avoriaz located?, answer: France | question: Where are the villages of Wengen and Zermatt located?, answer: Switzerland | question: Why are villages considering becoming car free zones?, answer: reasons of sustainability
Some high-speed black-and-white films, such as Ilford Delta 3200 and Kodak T-MAX P3200, are marketed with film speeds in excess of their true ISO speed as determined using the ISO testing method. For example, the Ilford product is actually an ISO 1000 film, according to its data sheet. The manufacturers do not indicate that the 3200 number is an ISO rating on their packaging. Kodak and Fuji also marketed E6 films designed for pushing (hence the "P" prefix), such as Ektachrome P800/1600 and Fujichrome P1600, both with a base speed of ISO 400.

question: What are two examples of films that are marketed with speeds above their true ISO speed?, answer: Ilford Delta 3200 and Kodak T-MAX P3200 | question: What speed of film is the Ilford Delta 3200?, answer: ISO 1000 | question: Which two companies produced E6 films meant for "pushing"?, answer: Kodak and Fuji | question: What is the base speed of Ektachrome P800/1600 and Fujichrome P1600?, answer: ISO 400 | question: What type of films are Ilford Delta 3200 and Kodak T-MAX P3200?, answer: high-speed black-and-white films
Some historians and researchers argue that the emotional and affectionate activities associated with sexual-orientation terms such as "gay" and "heterosexual" change significantly over time and across cultural boundaries. For example, in many English-speaking nations, it is assumed that same-sex kissing, particularly between men, is a sign of homosexuality, whereas various types of same-sex kissing are common expressions of friendship in other nations. Also, many modern and historic cultures have formal ceremonies expressing long-term commitment between same-sex friends, even though homosexuality itself is taboo within the cultures.

question: What do historians and researches argue about concerning the emotional and affectionate activities?, answer: activities associated with sexual-orientation terms such as "gay" and "heterosexual" change significantly over time and across cultural boundaries. | question: What can be assumed in english speaking nations when two men kiss?, answer: is a sign of homosexuality | question: What do some cultures have formal ceremonies for?, answer: expressing long-term commitment between same-sex friends
Some historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict with Prussia. They also argue that he wanted a war to resolve growing domestic political problems. Other historians, notably French historian Pierre Milza, dispute this. On 8 May 1870, shortly before the war, French voters had overwhelmingly supported Napoleon III's program in a national plebiscite, with 7,358,000 votes yes against 1,582,000 votes no, an increase of support of two million votes since the legislative elections in 1869. According to Milza, the Emperor had no need for a war to increase his popularity.

question: Some historians counter that Napolean III sought what?, answer: war | question: Napoleon III belived he would win the Astro-Prussian war and win a conflict with what country?, answer: Prussia | question: It is also argued that Napoleon III thought a war would resolve the growing issue of what?, answer: domestic political problems | question: Before the war, French voters overwhelming supported what program of Napoleon III?, answer: a national plebiscite | question: Who proposed that Emperor needed no war to increase his public appeal?, answer: Milza
Some historians estimate the number of magnates as 1% of the number of szlachta. Out of approx. one million szlachta, tens of thousands of families, only 200–300 persons could be classed as great magnates with country-wide possessions and influence, and 30–40 of them could be viewed as those with significant impact on Poland's politics.

question: Historians estimate how much of magnates make up szlachta?, answer: 1% | question: Out of one million szlachtas how many were magnates?, answer: 200–300 | question: Out of one million how many people could be viewed with significant impact politically?, answer: 30–40
Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary.

question: What kind of area allowed a more permanent settlement?, answer: rich environments | question: What is the life style of the indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest?, answer: hunter-gatherer | question: What does a lush environment allow hunter-gatherers to be?, answer: sedentary or semi-sedentary | question: What kind of environment is the Pacific Northwest?, answer: rich environments | question: What are the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest?, answer: hunter-gatherer cultures
Some important texts were created and studied by scholars. Philosophical works written by Yang Xiong (53 BC – 18 AD), Huan Tan (43 BC – 28 AD), Wang Chong (27–100 AD), and Wang Fu (78–163 AD) questioned whether human nature was innately good or evil and posed challenges to Dong's universal order. The Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Tan (d. 110 BC) and his son Sima Qian (145–86 BC) established the standard model for all of imperial China's Standard Histories, such as the Book of Han written by Ban Biao (3–54 AD), his son Ban Gu (32–92 AD), and his daughter Ban Zhao (45–116 AD). There were dictionaries such as the Shuowen Jiezi by Xu Shen (c. 58 – c. 147 AD) and the Fangyan by Yang Xiong. Biographies on important figures were written by various gentrymen. Han dynasty poetry was dominated by the fu genre, which achieved its greatest prominence during the reign of Emperor Wu.

question: Who had produced biographies of individuals of significant importance?, answer: various gentrymen | question: What type of poetry had much influence in the Han dynasty?, answer: fu | question: Who had written the dictionary Fangyan?, answer: Yang Xiong | question: Which person had authored the Book of Han?, answer: Ban Biao | question: What was the name of Ban Biao's female offspring?, answer: Ban Zhao
Some insects display a rudimentary sense of numbers, such as the solitary wasps that prey upon a single species. The mother wasp lays her eggs in individual cells and provides each egg with a number of live caterpillars on which the young feed when hatched. Some species of wasp always provide five, others twelve, and others as high as twenty-four caterpillars per cell. The number of caterpillars is different among species, but always the same for each sex of larva. The male solitary wasp in the genus Eumenes is smaller than the female, so the mother of one species supplies him with only five caterpillars; the larger female receives ten caterpillars in her cell.

question: Insects have what kind of sense of numbers?, answer: rudimentary | question: Which insect displays a rudimentary sense of numbers?, answer: solitary wasps | question: What kind of species does a solitary wasp prey upon?, answer: single | question: What does the mother wasp provide for her eggs when they hatch?, answer: caterpillars | question: Is the male solitary wasp bigger or smaller than the female solitary wasp?, answer: smaller
Some insects use parthenogenesis, a process in which the female can reproduce and give birth without having the eggs fertilized by a male. Many aphids undergo a form of parthenogenesis, called cyclical parthenogenesis, in which they alternate between one or many generations of asexual and sexual reproduction. In summer, aphids are generally female and parthenogenetic; in the autumn, males may be produced for sexual reproduction. Other insects produced by parthenogenesis are bees, wasps and ants, in which they spawn males. However, overall, most individuals are female, which are produced by fertilization. The males are haploid and the females are diploid. More rarely, some insects display hermaphroditism, in which a given individual has both male and female reproductive organs.

question: How many insects use parthenogenesis?, answer: Some | question: GIving birth without fertilized eggs is called what?, answer: parthenogenesis | question: What usually partakes in a form of parthenogenesis?, answer: aphids | question: Aphis have asexual and sexual what?, answer: reproduction | question: Aphis are usually female and what else during the summer?, answer: parthenogenetic
Some international railway services to Continental Europe were operated during the 20th century as boat trains, such as the Admiraal de Ruijter to Amsterdam and the Night Ferry to Paris and Brussels. The opening of the Channel Tunnel in 1994 connected London directly to the continental rail network, allowing Eurostar services to begin. Since 2007, high-speed trains link St. Pancras International with Lille, Paris, Brussels and European tourist destinations via the High Speed 1 rail link and the Channel Tunnel. The first high-speed domestic trains started in June 2009 linking Kent to London. There are plans for a second high speed line linking London to the Midlands, North West England, and Yorkshire.

question: In the 20th century the Night Ferry was a boat train that provided connections between London and which cities?, answer: Paris and Brussels | question: London is directly connected to continental Europe through what rail service?, answer: Eurostar | question: In what year did the Channel Tunnel open?, answer: 1994 | question: St. Pancras International is linked to Paris and other popular European tourist destinations via what method of transportation?, answer: high-speed trains | question: When did local high speed rail service that linked London and Kent begin?, answer: June 2009
Some large broad-winged birds rely on thermal columns of rising hot air to enable them to soar. These include many birds of prey such as vultures, eagles, and buzzards, but also storks. These birds migrate in the daytime. Migratory species in these groups have great difficulty crossing large bodies of water, since thermals only form over land, and these birds cannot maintain active flight for long distances. Mediterranean and other seas present a major obstacle to soaring birds, which must cross at the narrowest points. Massive numbers of large raptors and storks pass through areas such as the Strait of Messina, Gibraltar, Falsterbo, and the Bosphorus at migration times. More common species, such as the European honey buzzard Pernis apivorus, can be counted in hundreds of thousands in autumn. Other barriers, such as mountain ranges, can also cause funnelling, particularly of large diurnal migrants. This is a notable factor in the Central American migratory bottleneck. Batumi bottleneck in the Caucasus is one of the heaviest migratory funnels on earth. Avoiding flying over the Black Sea surface and across high mountains, hundreds of thousands of soaring birds funnel through an area around the city of Batumi, Georgia. Birds of prey such as honey buzzards which migrate using thermals lose only 10 to 20% of their weight during migration, which may explain why they forage less during migration than do smaller birds of prey with more active flight such as falcons, hawks and harriers.

question: What do some large broad-winged birds rely on to help them soar?, answer: thermal columns of rising hot air | question: When do large birds of pray migrate?, answer: daytime | question: What is one of the heaviest migratory funnels?, answer: Batumi bottleneck | question: How much of their body weight do honey buzzards lose during migration?, answer: 10 to 20% | question: How many birds funnel through Batumi, Georgia each year?, answer: hundreds of thousands
Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a "national religion"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general "religion" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists. To both the Anti-Federalists and the Federalists, the very word "national" was a cause for alarm because of the experience under the British crown. During the debate over the establishment clause, Rep. Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts took issue with Madison's language regarding whether the government was a national or federal government (in which the states retained their individual sovereignty), which Baker suggests compelled Madison to withdraw his language from the debate.

question: What is John Baker of LSU's profession?, answer: legal scholars | question: Why was a more general "religion" used in the language of the First Amendment?, answer: to appease the Anti-Federalists | question: Why was the word "national" a cause for alarm to both Federalists and Anti-Federalists?, answer: because of the experience under the British crown | question: Who took issue with Madison's language during the debate over the establishment clause?, answer: Elbridge Gerry | question: What was Elbridge Gerry's constituency?, answer: Massachusetts
Some linguists restrict the double-dot subscript ⟨◌̤⟩ to murmured sonorants, such as vowels and nasals, which are murmured throughout their duration, and use the superscript hook-aitch ⟨◌ʱ⟩ for the breathy-voiced release of obstruents.

question: What do some linguists restrict the double-dot subscript ⟨◌̤⟩ to?, answer: murmured sonorants | question: What are, according to the text, murmured for their duration?, answer: vowels and nasals | question: What uses the ⟨◌ʱ⟩?, answer: breathy-voiced release of obstruents.
Some manufacturers have started using a new, significantly more environmentally friendly alternative to expanded plastic packaging. Made out of paper, and known commercially as paperfoam, the new packaging has very similar mechanical properties to some expanded plastic packaging, but is biodegradable and can also be recycled with ordinary paper.

question: What product used in the sale ofpaper is newly used by manufacturers in an effort to be more environmentally friendly?, answer: paperfoam | question: What is the main benefit of using paperfoam over traditional shrink-wrap?, answer: biodegradable | question: What is paperfoam primarily made of?, answer: paper | question: How is paperfoam commonly disposed of?, answer: recycled
Some modern day physicists and science writers—such as Paul Davies and John Gribbin—have argued that materialism has been disproven by certain scientific findings in physics, such as quantum mechanics and chaos theory. In 1991, Gribbin and Davies released their book The Matter Myth, the first chapter of which, "The Death of Materialism", contained the following passage:

question: What are some of the findings that support their argument?, answer: quantum mechanics and chaos theory. | question: What is the name of the 1991 book by Paul Davies and John Gribbins?, answer: The Matter Myth
Some możni (Magnates) descending from past tribal dynasties regarded themselves as co-proprietors of Piast realms, even though the Piasts attempted to deprive them of their independence. These możni (Magnates) constantly sought to undermine princely authority.:75, 76 In Gall Anonym's chronicle, there is noted the nobility's alarm when the Palatine Sieciech "elevated those of a lower class over those who were noble born" entrusting them with state offices. (Manteuffel 1982, p. 149)

question: What did some Mozni regard themselves with?, answer: co-proprietors of Piast realms | question: What did the magnates do to the Piasts realms?, answer: attempted to deprive them of their independence | question: Who constantly sought to undermine princely authority?, answer: możni