lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
To prevent piracy of films, the standard drill of film distribution is to have a movie first released through movie theaters (theatrical window), on average approximately 16 and a half weeks, before having it released to Blu-Ray and DVD (entering its video window). During the theatrical window, digital versions of films are often transported in data storage devices by couriers rather than by data transmission. The data can be encrypted, with the key being made to work only at specific times in order to prevent leakage between screens. Coded Anti-Piracy marks can be added to films to identify the source of illegal copies and shut them down. As a result of these measures, the only versions of films available for piracy during the theatrical window are usually "cams" made by video recordings of the movie screens, which are of inferior quality compared to the original film version.

question: How long is a movie typically released in theaters for?, answer: approximately 16 and a half weeks | question: During this time, how are digital versions of the movie transported in data storage devices?, answer: by couriers | question: What can be done to a movie to only allow it to show at certain times?, answer: encrypted | question: What can be coded to films to find the source of illegal copies?, answer: Anti-Piracy marks can be added | question: What inferior versions of movies are available for piracy during the theatrical run of a movie called?, answer: "cams" made by video recordings of the movie screens
To prevent the risk of out-of-phase supplies mixing, sections of line fed from different feeder stations must be kept strictly isolated. This is achieved by Neutral Sections (also known as Phase Breaks), usually provided at feeder stations and midway between them although, typically, only half are in use at any time, the others being provided to allow a feeder station to be shut down and power provided from adjacent feeder stations. Neutral Sections usually consist of an earthed section of wire which is separated from the live wires on either side by insulating material, typically ceramic beads, designed so that the pantograph will smoothly run from one section to the other. The earthed section prevents an arc being drawn from one live section to the other, as the voltage difference may be higher than the normal system voltage if the live sections are on different phases and the protective circuit breakers may not be able to safely interrupt the considerable current that would flow. To prevent the risk of an arc being drawn across from one section of wire to earth, when passing through the neutral section, the train must be coasting and the circuit breakers must be open. In many cases, this is done manually by the drivers. To help them, a warning board is provided just before both the neutral section and an advance warning some distance before. A further board is then provided after the neutral section to tell drivers to re-close the circuit breaker, although drivers must not do this until the rear pantograph has passed this board. In the UK, a system known as Automatic Power Control (APC) automatically opens and closes the circuit breaker, this being achieved by using sets of permanent magnets alongside the track communicating with a detector on the train. The only action needed by the driver is to shut off power and coast and therefore warning boards are still provided at and on the approach to neutral sections.

question: What was the main requirement for electric feeder stations?, answer: line fed from different feeder stations must be kept strictly isolated | question: What invention prevented lines from getting mixed?, answer: Phase Breaks | question: What was the part of wire in Phase Break sections an arc being drawn from one wire to another?, answer: The earthed section | question: How were the drivers warned to start coasting the train?, answer: warning board | question: What should the driver do in order to open and close the circuit breaker?, answer: to shut off power and coast
To prevent this problem, in one implementation of destination control, every user gets an RFID card to identify himself, so the system knows every user call and can cancel the first call if the passenger decides to travel to another destination to prevent empty calls. The newest invention knows even where people are located and how many on which floor because of their identification, either for the purposes of evacuating the building or for security reasons. Another way to prevent this issue is to treat everyone travelling from one floor to another as one group and to allocate only one car for that group.

question: What is one way to implement destination control?, answer: every user gets an RFID card to identify himself | question: How does this help the system?, answer: the system knows every user call and can cancel the first call if the passenger decides to travel to another destination to prevent empty calls | question: Newer systems know where and how many people are at a location for what reasons?, answer: either for the purposes of evacuating the building or for security reasons
To promote culture Utrecht city organizes cultural Sundays. During a thematic Sunday several organisations create a program, which is open to everyone without, or with a very much reduced, admission fee. There are also initiatives for amateur artists. The city subsidises an organisation for amateur education in arts aimed at all inhabitants (Utrechts Centrum voor de Kunsten), as does the university for its staff and students. Additionally there are also several private initiatives. The city council provides coupons for discounts to inhabitants who receive welfare to be used with many of the initiatives.

question: What does the city host on Sundays, answer: To promote culture Utrecht city organizes cultural Sundays | question: What happens on Cultural Sunday, answer: thematic Sunday several organisations create a program, which is open to everyone without, or with a very much reduced, admission fee | question: What does the city subsidise, answer: an organisation for amateur education in arts aimed at all inhabitants (Utrechts Centrum voor de Kunsten | question: What type of coupon does the city provide the poor, answer: The city council provides coupons for discounts to inhabitants who receive welfare to be used with many of the initiatives.
To protect crops from wind and drought, the Grain Intendant Zhao Guo (趙過) created the alternating fields system (daitianfa 代田法) during Emperor Wu's reign. This system switched the positions of furrows and ridges between growing seasons. Once experiments with this system yielded successful results, the government officially sponsored it and encouraged peasants to use it. Han farmers also used the pit field system (aotian 凹田) for growing crops, which involved heavily fertilized pits that did not require plows or oxen and could be placed on sloping terrain. In southern and small parts of central Han-era China, paddy fields were chiefly used to grow rice, while farmers along the Huai River used transplantation methods of rice production.

question: What helped insure the safety of crops from wind?, answer: the alternating fields system | question: What was the name of the system that for growing crops that did not require plows?, answer: pit field system | question: What were paddy fields used for primarily to grow in smaller areas?, answer: rice | question: What system did the government recommend the usage of?, answer: alternating fields system | question: What was the name of the Grain Intendant?, answer: Zhao Guo
To qualify for participation in the auctions, banks must be able to offer proof of appropriate collateral in the form of loans to other entities. These can be the public debt of member states, but a fairly wide range of private banking securities are also accepted. The fairly stringent membership requirements for the European Union, especially with regard to sovereign debt as a percentage of each member state's gross domestic product, are designed to insure that assets offered to the bank as collateral are, at least in theory, all equally good, and all equally protected from the risk of inflation.

question: How does a bank make sure that they can participate in auctions?, answer: must be able to offer proof of appropriate collateral in the form of loans to other entities | question: What kind of proof is acceptable for participation in auctions?, answer: public debt of member states, but a fairly wide range of private banking securities are also accepted | question: What should all assets offered up as collateral be?, answer: all equally good, and all equally protected from the risk of inflation | question: What must be a part of a states Gross Domestic Product in order for them to be considered for particpation in auctions?, answer: sovereign debt
To raise money, Seagram head Edgar Bronfman Jr. sold Universal's television holdings, including cable network USA, to Barry Diller (these same properties would be bought back later at greatly inflated prices). In June 2000, Seagram was sold to French water utility and media company Vivendi, which owned StudioCanal; the conglomerate then became known as Vivendi Universal. Afterward, Universal Pictures acquired the United States distribution rights of several of StudioCanal's films, such as Mulholland Drive (which received an Oscar nomination) and Brotherhood of the Wolf (which became the second-highest-grossing French-language film in the United States since 1980). Universal Pictures and StudioCanal also co-produced several films, such as Love Actually (an $40 million-budgeted film that eventually grossed $246 million worldwide). In late 2000, the New York Film Academy was permitted to use the Universal Studios backlot for student film projects in an unofficial partnership.

question: Who was the head of Seagram?, answer: Edgar Bronfman Jr. | question: Who bought the USA cable network from Seagram?, answer: Barry Diller | question: Who bought Seagram in June 2000?, answer: Vivendi | question: What was the budget of the film Love Actually?, answer: $40 million | question: What StudioCanal film received an Academy Award nomination?, answer: Mulholland Drive
To relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to divert German troops and to encourage Denmark to join in the war, with its 50,000-strong army and the Royal Danish Navy. It was discovered that Prussia had recently built defences around the big North German ports, including coastal artillery batteries with Krupp heavy artillery, which with a range of 4,000 yards (3,700 m), had double the range of French naval guns. The French Navy lacked the heavy guns to engage the coastal defences and the topography of the Prussian coast made a seaborne invasion of northern Germany impossible.

question: What did Napoleon III plan to relieve pressure from an expected German attack?, answer: invasion of northern Germany | question: What country were the French hoping to be allied with?, answer: Denmark | question: What military strength could Denmark to France in a war?, answer: the Royal Danish Navy | question: What had Prussia been discovered building around big north German ports?, answer: defences | question: What did the French navy lack in engaging coastal defenses?, answer: heavy guns
To the east of the county are upland areas leading to the Pennines. North of the Ribble is Beacon Fell Country Park and the Forest of Bowland, another AONB. Much of the lowland in this area is devoted to dairy farming and cheesemaking, whereas the higher ground is more suitable for sheep, and the highest ground is uncultivated moorland. The valleys of the River Ribble and its tributary the Calder form a large gap to the west of the Pennines, overlooked by Pendle Hill. Most of the larger Lancashire towns are in these valleys South of the Ribble are the West Pennine Moors and the Forest of Rossendale where former cotton mill towns are in deep valleys. The Lancashire Coalfield, largely in modern-day Greater Manchester, extended into Merseyside and to Ormskirk, Chorley, Burnley and Colne in Lancashire.

question: What is most of the lowland in the county devoted to?, answer: dairy farming and cheesemaking | question: What is the higer ground in the county devoted to?, answer: sheep | question: What is in the highest ground?, answer: uncultivated moorland | question: Where is the Lancashire Coalfield located?, answer: modern-day Greater Manchester | question: where is Beacon Fell County Park located?, answer: North of the Ribble
To the extent that Italy held the territory by UN mandate, the trusteeship provisions gave the Somalis the opportunity to gain experience in political education and self-government. These were advantages that British Somaliland, which was to be incorporated into the new Somali state, did not have. Although in the 1950s British colonial officials attempted, through various administrative development efforts, to make up for past neglect, the protectorate stagnated. The disparity between the two territories in economic development and political experience would cause serious difficulties when it came time to integrate the two parts. Meanwhile, in 1948, under pressure from their World War II allies and to the dismay of the Somalis, the British "returned" the Haud (an important Somali grazing area that was presumably 'protected' by British treaties with the Somalis in 1884 and 1886) and the Ogaden to Ethiopia, based on a treaty they signed in 1897 in which the British ceded Somali territory to the Ethiopian Emperor Menelik in exchange for his help against plundering by Somali clans. Britain included the proviso that the Somali nomads would retain their autonomy, but Ethiopia immediately claimed sovereignty over them. This prompted an unsuccessful bid by Britain in 1956 to buy back the Somali lands it had turned over. Britain also granted administration of the almost exclusively Somali-inhabited Northern Frontier District (NFD) to Kenyan nationalists despite an informal plebiscite demonstrating the overwhelming desire of the region's population to join the newly formed Somali Republic.

question: Along with the Haud, what area of Somalia was given to Ethiopia by the British?, answer: the Ogaden | question: In what year did the British give the Haud to Ethiopia?, answer: 1948 | question: The Ogaden was given to Ethiopia on the basis of a treaty signed by the British with what Ethiopian leader?, answer: Emperor Menelik | question: In what year did Britain try to purchase Somali lands from Ethiopia?, answer: 1956 | question: What people constituted almost the entire population of the Northern Frontier District?, answer: Somali
To the north of Africa the Tethys Sea continued to narrow. Broad shallow seas advanced across central North America (the Western Interior Seaway) and Europe, then receded late in the period, leaving thick marine deposits sandwiched between coal beds. At the peak of the Cretaceous transgression, one-third of Earth's present land area was submerged. The Cretaceous is justly famous for its chalk; indeed, more chalk formed in the Cretaceous than in any other period in the Phanerozoic. Mid-ocean ridge activity—or rather, the circulation of seawater through the enlarged ridges—enriched the oceans in calcium; this made the oceans more saturated, as well as increased the bioavailability of the element for calcareous nanoplankton. These widespread carbonates and other sedimentary deposits make the Cretaceous rock record especially fine. Famous formations from North America include the rich marine fossils of Kansas's Smoky Hill Chalk Member and the terrestrial fauna of the late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation. Other important Cretaceous exposures occur in Europe and China. In the area that is now India, massive lava beds called the Deccan Traps were laid down in the very late Cretaceous and early Paleocene.

question: During the height of the Cretaceous transgression how much of the earths land mass was under water?, answer: one-third | question: What type of rock was the Cretaceous notable for forming the most amount of?, answer: Phanerozoic | question: The Cretaceous is a part of which geologic era?, answer: Phanerozoic | question: Where can one find the Smoky Hill Chalk Member?, answer: North America | question: Where are the Deccan Traps?, answer: India
To the north of China proper, the nomadic Xiongnu chieftain Modu Chanyu (r. 209–174 BC) conquered various tribes inhabiting the eastern portion of the Eurasian Steppe. By the end of his reign, he controlled Manchuria, Mongolia, and the Tarim Basin, subjugating over twenty states east of Samarkand. Emperor Gaozu was troubled about the abundant Han-manufactured iron weapons traded to the Xiongnu along the northern borders, and he established a trade embargo against the group. Although the embargo was in place, the Xiongnu found traders willing to supply their needs. Chinese forces also mounted surprise attacks against Xiongnu who traded at the border markets. In retaliation, the Xiongnu invaded what is now Shanxi province, where they defeated the Han forces at Baideng in 200 BC. After negotiations, the heqin agreement in 198 BC nominally held the leaders of the Xiongnu and the Han as equal partners in a royal marriage alliance, but the Han were forced to send large amounts of tribute items such as silk clothes, food, and wine to the Xiongnu.

question: Who was the chieftain of the Xiongnu?, answer: Modu Chanyu | question: What group had a trade embargo created against them?, answer: the Xiongnu | question: In what year were Han forces defeated in Baideng?, answer: 200 BC | question: What agreement established equality between the Xiongnu and the Han?, answer: heqin | question: What type of clothing were sent as a tribute to the Xiongnu?, answer: silk clothes
To the north, the Sahara skirts the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt and portions of Libya, but in Cyrenaica and the Maghreb, the Sahara borders the Mediterranean forest, woodland, and scrub ecoregions of northern Africa, all of which have a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot summers and cool and rainy winters. According to the botanical criteria of Frank White and geographer Robert Capot-Rey, the northern limit of the Sahara corresponds to the northern limit of date palm cultivation and the southern limit of the range of esparto, a grass typical of the Mediterranean climate portion of the Maghreb and Iberia. The northern limit also corresponds to the 100 mm (3.9 in) isohyet of annual precipitation.

question: What sea is North of the Sahara Desert?, answer: Mediterranean Sea
To the north-east of the Somerset Levels, the Mendip Hills are moderately high limestone hills. The central and western Mendip Hills was designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in 1972 and covers 198 km2 (76 sq mi). The main habitat on these hills is calcareous grassland, with some arable agriculture. To the south-west of the Somerset Levels are the Quantock Hills which was England's first Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty designated in 1956 which is covered in heathland, oak woodlands, ancient parklands with plantations of conifer and covers 99 square kilometres. The Somerset Coalfield is part of a larger coalfield which stretches into Gloucestershire. To the north of the Mendip hills is the Chew Valley and to the south, on the clay substrate, are broad valleys which support dairy farming and drain into the Somerset Levels.

question: What area lies in the northeastern part of Somerset levels, answer: the Mendip Hills are moderately high limestone hills | question: What area was Designated to have outstanding beauty, answer: Quantock Hills which was England's first Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty designated in 1956 | question: What is the name of the coal field, answer: The Somerset Coalfield is part of a larger coalfield which stretches into Gloucestershire | question: What area support dairy farming, answer: on the clay substrate, are broad valleys which support dairy farming and drain into the Somerset Levels.
To the pope as to all his predecessors, marital relations are much more than a union of two people. They constitute a union of the loving couple with a loving God, in which the two persons create a new person materially, while God completes the creation by adding the soul. For this reason, Paul VI teaches in the first sentence of Humanae vitae that the transmission of human life is a most serious role in which married people collaborate freely and responsibly with God the Creator. This divine partnership, according to Paul VI, does not allow for arbitrary human decisions, which may limit divine providence. The Pope does not paint an overly romantic picture of marriage: marital relations are a source of great joy, but also of difficulties and hardships. The question of human procreation exceeds in the view of Paul VI specific disciplines such as biology, psychology, demography or sociology. The reason for this, according to Paul VI, is that married love takes its origin from God, who "is love". From this basic dignity, he defines his position:

question: According to Paul VI to whom are a man and woman in union with besides each other?, answer: God | question: What does God contribute to a married couple's child?, answer: soul | question: Who is considered to be love?, answer: God | question: From whom is married love generated?, answer: God | question: What type of relations did Paul VI's Humanae VItae discuss?, answer: marital
To the south, the Sahara is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of dry tropical savanna with a summer rainy season that extends across Africa from east to west. The southern limit of the Sahara is indicated botanically by the southern limit of Cornulaca monacantha (a drought-tolerant member of the Chenopodiaceae), or northern limit of Cenchrus biflorus, a grass typical of the Sahel. According to climatic criteria, the southern limit of the Sahara corresponds to the 150 mm (5.9 in) isohyet of annual precipitation (this is a long-term average, since precipitation varies annually).

question: What is to the south of the Sahara?, answer: Sahel | question: What kind of climate does the Sahel have?, answer: dry tropical | question: What is the long term precipitation average of the Sahara?, answer: 150 mm
To the southwest, the principality of Halych had developed trade relations with its Polish, Hungarian and Lithuanian neighbours and emerged as the local successor to Kievan Rus'. In 1199, Prince Roman Mstislavich united the two previously separate principalities. In 1202 he conquered Kiev, and assumed the title of Grand Duke of Kievan Rus', which was held by the rulers of Vladimir-Suzdal since 1169. His son, Prince Daniil (r. 1238–1264) looked for support from the West. He accepted a crown as a "Rex Rusiae" ("King of Russia") from the Roman papacy, apparently doing so without breaking with Constantinople. In 1370, the patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church in Constantinople granted the King of Poland a metropolitan for his Russian subjects. Lithuanian rulers also requested and received a metropolitan for Novagrudok shortly afterwards. Cyprian, a candidate pushed by the Lithuanian rulers, became Metropolitan of Kiev in 1375 and metropolitan of Moscow in 1382; this way the church in the Russian countries was reunited for some time. In 1439, Kiev became the seat of a separate "Metropolitan of Kiev, Galich and all Rus'" for all Greek Orthodox Christians under Polish-Lithuanian rule.

question: Who united the two previously separated principalities?, answer: Prince Roman Mstislavich | question: Which neighbors did Halych develop trade relations with?, answer: Polish, Hungarian and Lithuanian | question: In what year did Mstislavich defeat the Kiev?, answer: 1202 | question: Who became metropolitan in 1370?, answer: Cyprian