lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Representatives from indigenous and rural organizations from major South American countries, including Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Chile and Brazil, started a forum in support of Morales' legal process of change. The meeting condemned plans by the European "foreign power elite" to destabilize the country. The forum also expressed solidarity with the Morales and his economic and social changes in the interest of historically marginalized majorities. Furthermore, in a cathartic blow to the US-backed elite, it questioned US interference through diplomats and NGOs. The forum was suspicious of plots against Bolivia and other countries, including Cuba, Venezuela, Ecuador, Paraguay and Nicaragua.

question: Who started a forum in support of Morales' legal process of change?, answer: Representatives | question: What did the meeting condemn plans by the Europeans to do?, answer: destabilize the country | question: What did the forum express for Morales and his proposed changes?, answer: solidarity | question: What did the forum question about US interference?, answer: diplomats and NGOs | question: What was the forum suspicious of?, answer: plots against Bolivia and other countries
Representatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947, were settled in the southern part of East Prussia, now the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. In 1950 the Olsztyn Voivodeship counted 689,000 inhabitants, 22.6% of them coming from areas annexed by the Soviet Union, 10% Ukrainians, and 18.5% of them pre-war inhabitants. The remaining pre-war population was treated as Germanized Poles and a policy of re-Polonization was pursued throughout the country Most of these "Autochthones" chose to emigrate to West Germany from the 1950s through 1970s (between 1970 and 1988 55,227 persons from Warmia and Masuria moved to Western Germany). Local toponyms were Polonised by the Polish Commission for the Determination of Place Names.

question: In what year did the Polish government officially take over the administration in East Prussia?, answer: 1945 | question: How was the pre-war population in East Prussia referred to as?, answer: Germanized Poles | question: How much did the Ukrainians make up in population as a percentage in East Prussia?, answer: 18.5%
Reptiles such as adders and vipers live up to the snow line; because they cannot bear the cold temperatures they hibernate underground and soak up the warmth on rocky ledges. The high-altitude Alpine salamanders have adapted to living above the snow line by giving birth to fully developed young rather than laying eggs. Brown trout can be found in the streams up to the snow line. Molluscs such as the wood snail live up the snow line. Popularly gathered as food, the snails are now protected.

question: Why do reptiles only live up to the snow line?, answer: they cannot bear the cold temperatures | question: What do reptiles due since they cannot bear the cold temperatures?, answer: they hibernate underground | question: How have the Alpine salamanders adapted to living above the snow line?, answer: by giving birth to fully developed young rather than laying eggs | question: What can be found in the streams up to the snow line?, answer: Brown trout
Required attendance at school is 10 years for males and 11 years for females (2001). The adult literacy rate is 99.0% (2002). In 2010, there were 1,918 students who were taught by 109 teachers (98 certified and 11 uncertified). The teacher-pupil ratio for primary schools in Tuvalu is around 1:18 for all schools with the exception of Nauti School, which has a teacher-student ratio of 1:27. Nauti School on Funafuti is the largest primary in Tuvalu with more than 900 students (45 percent of the total primary school enrolment). The pupil-teacher ratio for Tuvalu is low compared to the Pacific region (ratio of 1:29).

question: What is the required education for males on Tuvalu?, answer: 10 years | question: How long are females required to go to school?, answer: 11 years | question: What was the literacy rate on Tuvalu in 2002?, answer: 99.0% | question: How many students were in Tuvalu schools in 2010?, answer: 1,918 | question: What si the teacher-student ratio for Tuvalu schools?, answer: 1:18
Rescue operations involving sovereign debt have included temporarily moving bad or weak assets off the balance sheets of the weak member banks into the balance sheets of the European Central Bank. Such action is viewed as monetisation and can be seen as an inflationary threat, whereby the strong member countries of the ECB shoulder the burden of monetary expansion (and potential inflation) to save the weak member countries. Most central banks prefer to move weak assets off their balance sheets with some kind of agreement as to how the debt will continue to be serviced. This preference has typically led the ECB to argue that the weaker member countries must:

question: What can be shuffeled around during a soverign debt crisis to mitigate the damage?, answer: temporarily moving bad or weak assets | question: Where do bad and weak assets get moved in times of soverign debt crisis?, answer: the balance sheets of the European Central Bank | question: What is shuffling around bad or weak debts from a weaker eurozone member to the ECB known as?, answer: monetisation | question: What is monetisation usually viewed as?, answer: inflationary threat | question: If the central banks can come to an agreement with the eurozone member about the continued repayment of the debt, what happens to the bad or weak debt?, answer: move weak assets off their balance sheets
Research commissioned by Cecil King from Mark Abrams of Sussex University, The Newspaper Reading Public of Tomorrow, identified demographic changes which suggested reasons why the Herald might be in decline. The new paper was intended to add a readership of 'social radicals' to the Herald's 'political radicals'. Launched with an advertising budget of £400,000 the brash new paper "burst forth with tremendous energy", according to The Times. Its initial print run of 3.5 million was attributed to 'curiosity' and the 'advantage of novelty', and had declined to the previous circulation of the Daily Herald (1.2 million) within a few weeks.

question: Who ordered research on the Herald?, answer: Cecil King from Mark Abrams of Sussex University | question: What was named as a potential reason for the Herald's decline?, answer: demographic changes | question: What type of people was the new paper supposed to attract?, answer: 'social radicals' | question: What was the advertising budget of the new paper?, answer: £400,000 | question: What was the number of papers in the first print run of the Times?, answer: 3.5 million
Research focusing on sexual orientation uses scales of assessment to identify who belongs in which sexual population group. It is assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation. However, it is difficult to determine an individual's sexual orientation through scales of assessment, due to ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation. Generally, there are three components of sexual orientation used in assessment. Their definitions and examples of how they may be assessed are as follows:

question: How does research identify sexual population groups?, answer: scales of assessment | question: What is the understanding of the scales used?, answer: to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation | question: Why might the scales fail?, answer: due to ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation | question: How many components are used in assessment?, answer: three components | question: What does the research on sexual orientation use to determine who belongs in which sexual populaiton group?, answer: scales of assessment | question: What is the general idea regading these scales that are used?, answer: assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation. | question: What can cause problems with these scales that are used?, answer: ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation | question: How many components are used in an assessment?, answer: there are three components of sexual orientation
Research has generally shown striking uniformity across different cultures in the motives behind teen alcohol use. Social engagement and personal enjoyment appear to play a fairly universal role in adolescents' decision to drink throughout separate cultural contexts. Surveys conducted in Argentina, Hong Kong, and Canada have each indicated the most common reason for drinking among adolescents to relate to pleasure and recreation; 80% of Argentinian teens reported drinking for enjoyment, while only 7% drank to improve a bad mood. The most prevalent answers among Canadian adolescents were to "get in a party mood," 18%; "because I enjoy it," 16%; and "to get drunk," 10%. In Hong Kong, female participants most frequently reported drinking for social enjoyment, while males most frequently reported drinking to feel the effects of alcohol.

question: Are motives behind teen alcohol use varied or uniform across different cultures?, answer: uniform | question: What two reasons for adolescent drinking are shared across cultural contexts?, answer: Social engagement and personal enjoyment | question: What percentage of Argentenian teens reported drinking to improve a bad mood?, answer: 7% | question: What is the most common reason for drinking among adolescents according to surveys in Argentina, Hong Kong, and Canada?, answer: pleasure and recreation | question: In Hong Kong, did males or females most frequently report drinking to feel the effects of the alcohol?, answer: males
Research in the field of nutrition has greatly contributed in finding out the essential facts about how environmental depletion can lead to crucial nutrition-related health problems like contamination, spread of contagious diseases, malnutrition, etc. Moreover, environmental contamination due to discharge of agricultural as well as industrial chemicals like organocholrines, heavy metal, and radionucleotides may adversely affect the human and the ecosystem as a whole. As far as safety of the human health is concerned, then these environmental contaminants can reduce people's nutritional status and health. This could directly or indirectly cause drastic changes in their diet habits. Hence, food-based remedial as well as preventive strategies are essential to address global issues like hunger and malnutrition and to enable the susceptible people to adapt themselves to all these environmental as well as socio-economic alterations.

question: What can environmental depletion lead to?, answer: crucial nutrition-related health problems | question: Other than malnutrition and a spread of disease, what is an example of a health problem that arose due to environmental depletion?, answer: contamination | question: Other than industrial chemicals, what other industry discharges chemicals that can contaminate the environment?, answer: agricultural | question: The release and contamination of the environment affects what important system other than the human race?, answer: the ecosystem | question: If people's nutritional status and health changes, what could this affect in their daily routine?, answer: diet habits
Research institutes linked to the third level colleges in the city support the research and innovation capacity of the city and region. Examples include the Tyndall National Institute (ICT hardware research), IMERC (Marine Energy), Environmental Research Institute, NIMBUS (Network Embedded Systems); and CREATE (Advanced Therapeutic Engineering). UCC and CIT also have start-up company incubation centres. In UCC, the IGNITE Graduate Business Innovation Centre aims to foster and support entrepreneurship. In CIT, The Rubicon Centre is a business innovation hub that is home to 57 knowledge based start-up companies.

question: What is the biggest conglomeration of start-up companies in Cork?, answer: The Rubicon Centre | question: Where is a good source of marine research in Cork?, answer: IMERC (Marine Energy) | question: What is a good source for business start-ups in Cork?, answer: the IGNITE Graduate Business Innovation Centre | question: How many start-ups are associated with the Rubicon Center?, answer: 57
Research into LCPS (low cost private schools) found that over 5 years to July 2013, debate around LCPSs to achieving Education for All (EFA) objectives was polarised and finding growing coverage in international policy. The polarisation was due to disputes around whether the schools are affordable for the poor, reach disadvantaged groups, provide quality education, support or undermine equality, and are financially sustainable. The report examined the main challenges encountered by development organisations which support LCPSs. Surveys suggest these types of schools are expanding across Africa and Asia. This success is attributed to excess demand. These surveys found concern for:

question: What does LCPS stand for?, answer: low cost private schools | question: What was the reason for the polarisation for affordable schooling?, answer: disputes around whether the schools are affordable for the poor | question: Where are these types of school spreading across?, answer: Africa and Asia
Research on emotion has increased significantly over the past two decades with many fields contributing including psychology, neuroscience, endocrinology, medicine, history, sociology, and even computer science. The numerous theories that attempt to explain the origin, neurobiology, experience, and function of emotions have only fostered more intense research on this topic. Current areas of research in the concept of emotion include the development of materials that stimulate and elicit emotion. In addition PET scans and fMRI scans help study the affective processes in the brain. It also is influenced by hormones and neurotransmitters such as dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, oxytocin, cortisol and GABA.

question: Along with psychology, neuroscience, endocrinology, medicine, history and sociology, what field has engaged in research on emotion?, answer: computer science | question: Along with dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, cortisol and oxytocin, what neurotransmitter or hormone influences emotion?, answer: GABA | question: Along with the experience, function and origin of emotion, what aspect of emotion does current research attempt to explain?, answer: neurobiology
Research seems to favor the hypothesis that adolescents and adults think about risk in similar ways, but hold different values and thus come to different conclusions. Some have argued that there may be evolutionary benefits to an increased propensity for risk-taking in adolescence. For example, without a willingness to take risks, teenagers would not have the motivation or confidence necessary to leave their family of origin. In addition, from a population perspective, there is an advantage to having a group of individuals willing to take more risks and try new methods, counterbalancing the more conservative elements more typical of the received knowledge held by older adults. Risktaking may also have reproductive advantages: adolescents have a newfound priority in sexual attraction and dating, and risk-taking is required to impress potential mates. Research also indicates that baseline sensation seeking may affect risk-taking behavior throughout the lifespan.

question: Does research favor or reject the hypothesis that adolescents and adults think about risk similarly but hold different values and therefore come to different conclusions?, answer: favor | question: A priority in sexual attraction and dating can prove helpful in order to complete what reproductive advantage?, answer: impress potential mates | question: What does research indicate may affect risk-taking behavior throughout the lifespan?, answer: baseline sensation seeking
Research since reveals self-examination beginning early in adolescence, but identity achievement rarely occurring before age 18. The freshman year of college influences identity development significantly, but may actually prolong psychosocial moratorium by encouraging reexamination of previous commitments and further exploration of alternate possibilities without encouraging resolution. For the most part, evidence has supported Erikson's stages: each correlates with the personality traits he originally predicted. Studies also confirm the impermanence of the stages; there is no final endpoint in identity development.

question: Identity achievement rarely occurs before what age?, answer: 18 | question: Is there a final endpoint in identity development?, answer: no | question: Evidence has supported which theorist's idea concerning stages of development?, answer: Erikson | question: Does self-examination begin early or late in adolescence?, answer: early
Research suggests that sexual orientation is independent of cultural and other social influences, but that open identification of one's sexual orientation may be hindered by homophobic/hetereosexist settings. Social systems such as religion, language and ethnic traditions can have a powerful impact on realization of sexual orientation. Influences of culture may complicate the process of measuring sexual orientation. The majority of empirical and clinical research on LGBT populations are done with largely white, middle-class, well-educated samples, however there are pockets of research that document various other cultural groups, although these are frequently limited in diversity of gender and sexual orientation of the subjects. Integration of sexual orientation with sociocultural identity may be a challenge for LGBT individuals. Individuals may or may not consider their sexual orientation to define their sexual identity, as they may experience various degrees of fluidity of sexuality, or may simply identify more strongly with another aspect of their identity such as family role. American culture puts a great emphasis on individual attributes, and views the self as unchangeable and constant. In contrast, East Asian cultures put a great emphasis on a person's social role within social hierarchies, and view the self as fluid and malleable. These differing cultural perspectives have many implications on cognitions of the self, including perception of sexual orientation.

question: What does research show about sexual orientation?, answer: is independent of cultural and other social influences | question: What can being openly gay be hindered by?, answer: homophobic/hetereosexist settings. | question: What group of the LGBT community are the most researched?, answer: white, middle-class, well-educated | question: What social systems can greatly influence someone realization of their sexual preference?, answer: religion, language and ethnic traditions | question: What does the american culture put a large emphasis on?, answer: individual attributes, and views the self as unchangeable and constant.
Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with the study of the history and dynamics of floating ice, seasonal snow, glaciers, and ice sheets. Biologists, in addition to examining the wildlife, are interested in how harsh temperatures and the presence of people affect adaptation and survival strategies in a wide variety of organisms. Medical physicians have made discoveries concerning the spreading of viruses and the body's response to extreme seasonal temperatures. Astrophysicists at Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station study the celestial dome and cosmic microwave background radiation. Many astronomical observations are better made from the interior of Antarctica than from most surface locations because of the high elevation, which results in a thin atmosphere; low temperature, which minimizes the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere; and absence of light pollution, thus allowing for a view of space clearer than anywhere else on Earth. Antarctic ice serves as both the shield and the detection medium for the largest neutrino telescope in the world, built 2 km (1.2 mi) below Amundsen–Scott station.

question: What group of scientists study tectonics?, answer: Geologists | question: Who is interested in the effects of harsh environment on humans?, answer: Biologists | question: Which science is concerned with the study of the dynamics of ice?, answer: Glaciologists | question: What kind of observations use the high elevations and thin atmosphere for viewing space?, answer: astronomical | question: Where is the largest neutrino telescope on Earth?, answer: Amundsen–Scott station.
Reservations are essentially caveats to a state's acceptance of a treaty. Reservations are unilateral statements purporting to exclude or to modify the legal obligation and its effects on the reserving state. These must be included at the time of signing or ratification, i.e. "a party cannot add a reservation after it has already joined a treaty".

question: What are caveats to a state's acceptance of a treaty?, answer: Reservations | question: What are unilateral statements purporting to exclude or to modify the legal obligation and its effects on a state?, answer: Reservations | question: When must reservations be included in a treaty?, answer: at the time of signing or ratification | question: What are parties to a treaty forbidden to do after they have already joined a treaty?, answer: add a reservation | question: A reserving party to a treaty may include a statement that attempts to do what to its legal obligations or their effects?, answer: exclude or to modify
Residential architecture is not defined by a single architectural style, but rather an eclectic mix of houses, townhouses, condominiums, and apartment buildings in the metropolitan area (particularly in areas of urban sprawl). Free standing dwellings with relatively large gardens are perhaps the most common type of housing outside inner city Melbourne. Victorian terrace housing, townhouses and historic Italianate, Tudor revival and Neo-Georgian mansions are all common in neighbourhoods such as Toorak.

question: What are the most common type of housing outside inner city Melbourne?, answer: Free standing dwellings with relatively large gardens | question: Is residential architecture in Melbourne defined by a single architectural style or an eclectic mix of buildings?, answer: single architectural style | question: Are townhouses, condominiums, and apartment buildings found more prevalent in the metropolitan area or outside the city?, answer: metropolitan area (particularly in areas of urban sprawl)