lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Mountains of the Long Range in Newfoundland reach heights of nearly 3,000 ft (900 m). In the Chic-Choc and Notre Dame mountain ranges in Quebec, the higher summits rise to about 4,000 ft (1,200 m) elevation. Isolated peaks and small ranges in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick vary from 1,000 to 2,700 ft (300 to 800 m). In Maine several peaks exceed 4,000 ft (1,200 m), including Mount Katahdin at 5,267 feet (1,605 m). In New Hampshire, many summits rise above 5,000 ft (1,500 m), including Mount Washington in the White Mountains at 6,288 ft (1,917 m), Adams at 5,771 ft (1,759 m), Jefferson at 5,712 ft (1,741 m), Monroe at 5,380 ft (1,640 m), Madison at 5,367 ft (1,636 m), Lafayette at 5,249 feet (1,600 m), and Lincoln at 5,089 ft (1,551 m). In the Green Mountains the highest point, Mt. Mansfield, is 4,393 ft (1,339 m) in elevation; others include Killington Peak at 4,226 ft (1,288 m), Camel's Hump at 4,083 ft (1,244 m), Mt. Abraham at 4,006 ft (1,221 m), and a number of other heights exceeding 3,000 ft (900 m).

question: How tall are the mountains in Newfoundland?, answer: 3,000 ft | question: How tall are the mountains in Nova Scotia?, answer: vary from 1,000 to 2,700 ft | question: How tall are the mountains in Maine?, answer: exceed 4,000 ft | question: How tall are the mountains in New Hampshire?, answer: many summits rise above 5,000 ft
Moving to reduce Italian influence, in October 1970 all Italian-owned assets were expropriated and the 12,000-strong Italian community expelled from Libya alongside a smaller number of Jews. The day became a national holiday. Aiming to reduce NATO power in the Mediterranean, in 1971 Libya requested that Malta cease to allow NATO to use its land for a military base, in turn offering them foreign aid. Compromising, Malta's government continued allowing NATO use of the island, but only on the condition that they would not use it for launching attacks on Arab territory. Orchestrating a military build-up, the RCC began purchasing weapons from France and the Soviet Union. The commercial relationship with the latter led to an increasingly strained relationship with the U.S., who were then engaged in the Cold War with the Soviets.

question: How many Italians lived in Libya prior to October of 1970?, answer: 12,000 | question: In addition to Italians, what people were kicked out of Libya in 1970?, answer: Jews | question: Who did the RCC buy military equipment from?, answer: France and the Soviet Union | question: Who were the adversaries of the Soviets during the Cold War?, answer: U.S. | question: Who did Libya offer foreign aid to in 1971?, answer: Malta
Mu'awiyah introduced postal service, Abd al-Malik extended it throughout his empire, and Walid made full use of it. The Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik developed a regular postal service. Umar bin Abdul-Aziz developed it further by building caravanserais at stages along the Khurasan highway. Relays of horses were used for the conveyance of dispatches between the caliph and his agents and officials posted in the provinces. The main highways were divided into stages of 12 miles (19 km) each and each stage had horses, donkeys or camels ready to carry the post. Primarily the service met the needs of Government officials, but travellers and their important dispatches were also benefitted by the system. The postal carriages were also used for the swift transport of troops. They were able to carry fifty to a hundred men at a time. Under Governor Yusuf bin Umar, the postal department of Iraq cost 4,000,000 dirhams a year.

question: Who first brought a postal service into Umayyad lands?, answer: Mu'awiyah | question: Along what highway did Umar bin Abdul-Aziz build caravanserais?, answer: Khurasan | question: In dirhams, what was the yearly cost of the Iraqi postal service when Yusuf bin Umar was governor?, answer: 4,000,000 | question: Along with horses and camels, what animals were used by the postal service?, answer: donkeys | question: In kilometers, how far apart was each stage of the Umayyad highways?, answer: 19
Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya. His family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar (died 1985), and his mother was named Aisha (died 1978); Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder. Nomadic Bedouins, they were illiterate and kept no birth records. As such, Gaddafi's date of birth is not known with certainty, and sources have set it in 1942 or in the spring of 1943, although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that it could have been pre-1940. His parents' only surviving son, he had three older sisters. Gaddafi's upbringing in Bedouin culture influenced his personal tastes for the rest of his life. He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate.

question: Describe Gaddafi's humble upbringing., answer: was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya | question: How did Gaddafi's father earn a living?, answer: as a goat and camel herder | question: How did his upbringing impact his later life preferences?, answer: He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate. | question: What culture did Gaddafi experience as a child?, answer: Bedouin | question: When was Gaddafi born?, answer: Gaddafi's date of birth is not known with certainty, and sources have set it in 1942 or in the spring of 1943 | question: Describe Gaddafi's early childhood., answer: Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya | question: How did Gaddafi's father earn a living?, answer: Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder | question: How come no one knows for sure when Gaddafi was born?, answer: Nomadic Bedouins, they were illiterate and kept no birth records | question: How did his early childhood experiences impact his later life?, answer: He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate. | question: When did Gaddafi's parents die?, answer: His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar (died 1985), and his mother was named Aisha (died 1978) | question: Other than Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, what was Gaddafi's father called?, answer: Abu Meniar | question: When did Gaddafi's mother die?, answer: 1978 | question: How many sisters did Gaddafi have?, answer: three | question: Near what town was Gaddafi's birthplace of Qasr Abu Hadi?, answer: Sirte | question: What was the name of Gaddafi's tribe?, answer: Qadhadhfa
Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (Arabic: معمر محمد أبو منيار القذافي‎ Arabic pronunciation: [muʕamar al.qaðaːfiː]; /ˈmoʊ.əmɑːr ɡəˈdɑːfi/; audio (help·info); c. 1942 – 20 October 2011), commonly known as Colonel Gaddafi,[b] was a Libyan revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He governed Libya as Revolutionary Chairman of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then as the "Brotherly Leader" of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011. Initially ideologically committed to Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, he came to rule according to his own Third International Theory before embracing Pan-Africanism and serving as Chairperson of the African Union from 2009 to 2010.

question: When was Gaddafi born, and when did he die?, answer: 1942 – 20 October 2011 | question: What was Gaddifi's original political viewpoint?, answer: Initially ideologically committed to Arab nationalism and Arab socialism | question: What political philosophy did Gaddifi create?, answer: his own Third International Theory | question: What political philosophy did Gaddafi adhere to when he was the Chairperson of the African Union?, answer: Pan-Africanism | question: What was Gaddafi's position when he was considered the "Brotherly Leader"?, answer: the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011 | question: When did Gaddafi rule as the "Brotherly Leader"?, answer: from 1977 to 2011 | question: What ideology did Gaddafi adopt when he was the Chairperson of the African Union?, answer: Pan-Africanism | question: List Gaddafi's lifespan., answer: 1942 – 20 October 2011 | question: When did he first gain power in Libya?, answer: 1969 | question: What political ideology did Gaddafi create?, answer: Third International Theory | question: By what name was Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi typically known?, answer: Colonel Gaddafi | question: What was Gaddafi's nationality?, answer: Libyan | question: What was the official name of Libya between 1969 and 1977?, answer: Libyan Arab Republic | question: From 1977 to 2011, what was Gaddafi's title?, answer: Brotherly Leader | question: What was Colonel Gaddafi's date of death?, answer: 20 October 2011
Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. During his reign, Rhodes and Crete were occupied, and several assaults were launched against Constantinople. After their failure, and faced with a large-scale Christian uprising in the form of the Mardaites, Muawiyah concluded a peace with Byzantium. Muawiyah also oversaw military expansion in North Africa (the foundation of Kairouan) and in Central Asia (the conquest of Kabul, Bukhara, and Samarkand).

question: Who was the son of Sarjun?, answer: John of Damascus | question: Along with Rhodes, what Byzantine possession did Muawiyah occupy?, answer: Crete | question: Who group of Christians rose up against Muawiyah?, answer: Mardaites | question: What did Muawiyah found in North Africa?, answer: Kairouan
Much civil-defence preparation in the form of shelters was left in the hands of local authorities, and many areas such as Birmingham, Coventry, Belfast and the East End of London did not have enough shelters. The Phoney War, however, and the unexpected delay of civilian bombing permitted the shelter programme to finish in June 1940.:35 The programme favoured backyard Anderson shelters and small brick surface shelters; many of the latter were soon abandoned in 1940 as unsafe. In addition, authorities expected that the raids would be brief and during the day. Few predicted that attacks by night would force Londoners to sleep in shelters.

question: What civil-defense efforts were left to local authorities to handle?, answer: shelters | question: What year did the shelter program finish?, answer: 1940 | question: Why were the shelters soon abandoned in 1940?, answer: unsafe | question: Why were Londoners forced to sleep in shelters?, answer: attacks by night
Much of California consists of a Mediterranean climate, with sometimes excessive rainfall from October–April and nearly no rain the rest of the year. In the Pacific Northwest rain falls year-round, but is much heavier during winter and spring. The mountains of the west receive abundant precipitation and very heavy snowfall. The Cascades are one of the snowiest places in the world, with some places averaging over 600 inches (1,524 cm) of snow annually, but the lower elevations closer to the coast receive very little snow.

question: What is the most prevalent type of climate nCalifornia?, answer: Mediterranean | question: During what time of the year does California receive the most rainfall?, answer: October–April | question: Which region of the US experiences rain year round?, answer: Pacific Northwest | question: Which region in the US is also one of the most snowiest places in the world?, answer: The Cascades | question: How many inches of snow do regions of the Cascades receive?, answer: 600 inches
Much of El Salvador was home to the Pipil, the Lenca, Xinca, and Kakawira. The Pipil lived in western El Salvador, spoke Nawat, and had many settlements there, most noticeably Cuzcatlan. The Pipil had no precious mineral resources, but they did have rich and fertile land that was good for farming. The Spaniards were disappointed not to find gold or jewels in El Salvador as they had in other lands like Guatemala or Mexico, but upon learning of the fertile land in El Salvador, they attempted to conquer it. Noted Meso-American indigenous warriors to rise militarily against the Spanish included Princes Atonal and Atlacatl of the Pipil people in central El Salvador and Princess Antu Silan Ulap of the Lenca people in eastern El Salvador, who saw the Spanish not as gods but as barbaric invaders. After fierce battles, the Pipil successfully fought off the Spanish army led by Pedro de Alvarado along with their Mexican Indian allies (the Tlaxcalas), sending them back to Guatemala. After many other attacks with an army reinforced with Guatemalan Indian allies, the Spanish were able to conquer Cuzcatlan. After further attacks, the Spanish also conquered the Lenca people. Eventually, the Spaniards intermarried with Pipil and Lenca women, resulting in the Mestizo population which would become the majority of the Salvadoran people. Today many Pipil and other indigenous populations live in the many small towns of El Salvador like Izalco, Panchimalco, Sacacoyo, and Nahuizalco.

question: El Salvador was home to which indigenous peoples?, answer: the Pipil, the Lenca, Xinca, and Kakawira | question: What was a major Pipil settlement in western El Salvador?, answer: Cuzcatlan | question: What was the language of the Pipil?, answer: Nawat | question: What did the Princes and Princesses see the Spanish as?, answer: barbaric invaders | question: What people resulted from the Spaniards intermarrying with Pipll and Lenca women?, answer: Mestizo
Much of New Delhi, planned by the leading 20th-century British architect Edwin Lutyens, was laid out to be the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britain's imperial pretensions. New Delhi is structured around two central promenades called the Rajpath and the Janpath. The Rajpath, or King's Way, stretches from the Rashtrapati Bhavan to the India Gate. The Janpath (Hindi: "Path of the People"), formerly Queen's Way, begins at Connaught Circus and cuts the Rajpath at right angles. 19 foreign embassies are located on the nearby Shantipath (Hindi: "Path of Peace"), making it the largest diplomatic enclave in India.

question: What British architect was responsible for designing much of New Delhi?, answer: Edwin Lutyens | question: What are the names of the two central promenades around which New Delhi is structured?, answer: Rajpath and the Janpath | question: Which of the two promenades is referred to as The King's Way?, answer: the Rajpath | question: Which promenade was formerly known as the Queen's Way?, answer: The Janpath | question: The largest diplomatic enclave in India which contains 19 foreign embassies is located along which promenade?, answer: Shantipath
Much of Richmond's early architecture was destroyed by the Evacuation Fire in 1865. It is estimated that 25% of all buildings in Richmond were destroyed during this fire. Even fewer now remain due to construction and demolition that has taken place since Reconstruction. In spite of this, Richmond contains many historically significant buildings and districts. Buildings remain from Richmond's colonial period, such as the Patteson-Schutte House and the Edgar Allan Poe Museum (Richmond, Virginia), both built before 1750.

question: What disaster destroyed many of the early buildings in Richmond?, answer: Evacuation Fire | question: What percentage of Richmond's buildings were burned in a single fire in 1865?, answer: 25 | question: What is the name of the era from which the building housing the Edgar Allan Poe Museum dates?, answer: colonial | question: Prior to what year was the Patterson-Schutte House built?, answer: 1750
Much of Tucson's economic development has been centered on the development of the University of Arizona, which is currently the second largest employer in the city. Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, located on the southeastern edge of the city, also provides many jobs for Tucson residents. Its presence, as well as the presence of the US Army Intelligence Center (Fort Huachuca, the largest employer in the region in nearby Sierra Vista), has led to the development of a significant number of high-tech industries, including government contractors, in the area. The city of Tucson is also a major hub for the Union Pacific Railroad's Sunset Route that links the Los Angeles ports with the South/Southeast regions of the country.

question: What is the second-largest employer in Tucson?, answer: University of Arizona | question: Where is the US Army Intelligence Center?, answer: Sierra Vista | question: What railroad route passes through Tucson?, answer: Union Pacific Railroad's Sunset Route | question: Where does the Sunset Route connect to the west coast?, answer: Los Angeles ports
Much of Yale University's staff, including most maintenance staff, dining hall employees, and administrative staff, are unionized. Clerical and technical employees are represented by Local 34 of UNITE HERE and service and maintenance workers by Local 35 of the same international. Together with the Graduate Employees and Students Organization (GESO), an unrecognized union of graduate employees, Locals 34 and 35 make up the Federation of Hospital and University Employees. Also included in FHUE are the dietary workers at Yale-New Haven Hospital, who are members of 1199 SEIU. In addition to these unions, officers of the Yale University Police Department are members of the Yale Police Benevolent Association, which affiliated in 2005 with the Connecticut Organization for Public Safety Employees. Finally, Yale security officers voted to join the International Union of Security, Police and Fire Professionals of America in fall 2010 after the National Labor Relations Board ruled they could not join AFSCME; the Yale administration contested the election.

question: What union are the members of the Yale University Police Department a part of?, answer: Yale Police Benevolent Association | question: What union do Yale security guards belong to?, answer: International Union of Security, Police and Fire Professionals of America | question: What is the name of the unrecognized union of graduate employees?, answer: Graduate Employees and Students Organization (GESO) | question: What union are Yale's clerical and technical employees a part of?, answer: Local 34 of UNITE HERE | question: What union are Yale's service and maintenance workers a part of?, answer: Local 35 of the same international
Much of YouTube's revenue goes to the copyright holders of the videos. In 2010 it was reported that nearly a third of the videos with advertisements were uploaded without permission of the copyright holders. YouTube gives an option for copyright holders to locate and remove their videos or to have them continue running for revenue. In May 2013, Nintendo began enforcing its copyright ownership and claiming the advertising revenue from video creators who posted screenshots of its games. In February 2015, Nintendo agreed to share the revenue with the video creators.

question: Where does the majority of youtube's revenue go?, answer: to the copyright holders | question: In 2010 what were the estimates for the amount of videos with advertisements uploaded without the copywriter's consent?, answer: nearly a third | question: Which major gaming company claimed copyright ad revenue rights against uploaders?, answer: Nintendo | question: When did Nintendo finally agree to share ad profits with the original uploaders?, answer: February 2015 | question: What option besides removing the video does youtube grant copyright holders?, answer: have them continue running for revenue
Much of its technology and ideas were incorporated into the definition of ISO MPEG Audio Layer I and Layer II and the filter bank alone into Layer III (MP3) format as part of the computationally inefficient hybrid filter bank. Under the chairmanship of Professor Musmann (University of Hannover) the editing of the standard was made under the responsibilities of Leon van de Kerkhof (Layer I) and Gerhard Stoll (Layer II).

question: What was only incorporated into Layer III and not Layers I or II?, answer: filter bank | question: Who was the chair that oversaw the editing of the standard?, answer: Professor Musmann | question: Who's responsibility was it to edit the standard for Layer I?, answer: Leon van de Kerkhof | question: Who's responsibility was it to edit the standard for Layer II?, answer: Gerhard Stoll
Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.

question: What did most of the development of the mandolin revolve around?, answer: soundboard (the top) | question: Were premandolins quiet or loud instruments?, answer: quiet instruments | question: What are modern mandolins' strings made of?, answer: four courses of metal strings, | question: What is the most common soundboard shape?, answer: generally round or teardrop-shaped | question: What are the sound holes covered with?, answer: bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling
Much of the Alpine culture is unchanged since the medieval period when skills that guaranteed survival in the mountain valleys and in the highest villages became mainstays, leading to strong traditions of carpentry, woodcarving, baking and pastry-making, and cheesemaking.

question: Much of what has not changed since the medieval period?, answer: Alpine culture | question: When were skills that guaranteed survival in the mountain valleys most important?, answer: the medieval period | question: What is one of the strongest traditions in Alpine culture?, answer: carpentry
Much of the Great Plains became open range, or rangeland where cattle roamed free, hosting ranching operations where anyone was theoretically free to run cattle. In the spring and fall, ranchers held roundups where their cowboys branded new calves, treated animals and sorted the cattle for sale. Such ranching began in Texas and gradually moved northward. In 1866-95, cowboys herded 10 million cattle north to rail heads such as Dodge City, Kansas and Ogallala, Nebraska; from there, cattle were shipped eastward.

question: what type of land is much of the great plans?, answer: open range | question: when did ranchers usually have a cattle round up?, answer: spring and fall | question: in a cattle round up, what did ranchers do to the new calves?, answer: branded | question: from 1866-95 about how many cattle did cowboys herd?, answer: 10 million