lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Since the middle of the 19th century, Masonic historians have sought the origins of the movement in a series of similar documents known as the Old Charges, dating from the Regius Poem in about 1425 to the beginning of the 18th century. Alluding to the membership of a lodge of operative masons, they relate a mythologised history of the craft, the duties of its grades, and the manner in which oaths of fidelity are to be taken on joining. The fifteenth century also sees the first evidence of ceremonial regalia.

question: When did ceremonial regalia first appear in the Masonic culture?, answer: The fifteenth century | question: How long have historians been seeking information about the Masonic movement?, answer: middle of the 19th century | question: What kind of an oath do Masons take when they join?, answer: fidelity | question: What is the oldest written document about Freemasonary?, answer: Regius Poem | question: When was the Regius Poem written?, answer: 1425 | question: When did Masonic historians star seeking the origins of the Masonic Movement?, answer: middle of the 19th century | question: What are the old Masonic document referred as?, answer: Old Charges | question: The Old Charges are dated from when to when?, answer: about 1425 to the beginning of the 18th century | question: The fifteenth century also shows evidence of what in Masonic history?, answer: ceremonial regalia. | question: The duties of its grades is an example of what historic documents?, answer: Old Charges
Since the opening policy in 1979, the Chinese department stores also develops swiftly along with the fast-growing economy. There are different department store groups dominating different regions. For example, INTIME department store has the biggest market presence in Zhejiang province, while Jinying department stores dominate Jiangsu Province. Besides, there are many other department store groups, such as Pacific, Parkson, Wangfujing，New World，etc., many of them are expanding quickly by listing in the financial market.

question: What began the influx of Chinese department stores?, answer: opening policy in 1979 | question: What area does INTIME department stores have the most influence in?, answer: Zhejiang province | question: What department store has the most success in Jiangsu Province?, answer: Jinying | question: How are these foreign department stores expanding so quickly?, answer: by listing in the financial market.
Since the program counter is (conceptually) just another set of memory cells, it can be changed by calculations done in the ALU. Adding 100 to the program counter would cause the next instruction to be read from a place 100 locations further down the program. Instructions that modify the program counter are often known as "jumps" and allow for loops (instructions that are repeated by the computer) and often conditional instruction execution (both examples of control flow).

question: In what part can the program counter be changed by calculations?, answer: the ALU | question: Instructions that change the program counter are called what?, answer: "jumps" | question: Loops are defined as what?, answer: instructions that are repeated by the computer)
Since the start of the 1994–95 season, the FA Cup has been sponsored. However, to protect the identity of the competition, the sponsored name has always included 'The FA Cup' in addition to the sponsor's name, unlike sponsorship deals for the League Cup where the word 'cup' is preceded by only the sponsor's name. Sponsorship deals run for four years, though – as in the case of E.ON – one-year extensions may be agreed. Emirates airline is the sponsor from 2015 to 2018, renaming the competition as 'The Emirates FA Cup', unlike previous editions, which included 'The FA Cup in association with E.ON' and 'The FA Cup with Budweiser'.

question: is the Fa cup sponsered?, answer: Since the start of the 1994–95 season, the FA Cup has been sponsored. | question: How long does the sponsor remain?, answer: Sponsorship deals run for four years | question: Can they extend their deal?, answer: one-year extensions may be agreed | question: Who is the current sponsor?, answer: Emirates airline is the sponsor from 2015 to 2018 | question: What is the competition called now?, answer: The Emirates FA Cup
Since the system's launch, production costs have been reduced significantly as a result of phasing out the Emotion Engine chip and falling hardware costs. The cost of manufacturing Cell microprocessors has fallen dramatically as a result of moving to the 65 nm production process, and Blu-ray Disc diodes have become cheaper to manufacture. As of January 2008, each unit cost around $400 to manufacture; by August 2009, Sony had reduced costs by a total of 70%, meaning it only costs Sony around $240 per unit.

question: Along with a drop in the cost of hardware, PS3 has gotten cheaper to make because what chip was phased out?, answer: Emotion Engine chip | question: What's the name of the microprocessor produced by the 65 nm process?, answer: Cell | question: What specific component of Blu-Ray disc have also gotten less expensive to make?, answer: diodes | question: As of Summer 2009, what was the cost to Sony to make a PS3?, answer: $240 | question: The August 2009 cost is a result of what percentage decrease in production cost?, answer: 70%
Since the tribunes were considered to be the embodiment of the plebeians, they were sacrosanct. Their sacrosanctity was enforced by a pledge, taken by the plebeians, to kill any person who harmed or interfered with a tribune during his term of office. All of the powers of the tribune derived from their sacrosanctity. One consequence was that it was considered a capital offense to harm a tribune, to disregard his veto, or to interfere with a tribune. In times of military emergency, a dictator would be appointed for a term of six months. Constitutional government would be dissolved, and the dictator would be the absolute master of the state. When the dictator's term ended, constitutional government would be restored.

question: How long could a dictator be appointed for in times of certain emergencies?, answer: six months | question: What would happen during the commencement of a dictator's term?, answer: Constitutional government would be dissolved | question: What type of offense was the harm of a tribute treated as?, answer: capital offense | question: What was the ultimate source of the tribunes powers?, answer: their sacrosanctity
Since the university's establishment in the city in 1837, the histories of the University of Michigan and Ann Arbor have been closely linked. The town became a regional transportation hub in 1839 with the arrival of the Michigan Central Railroad, and a north—south railway connecting Ann Arbor to Toledo and other markets to the south was established in 1878. Throughout the 1840s and the 1850s settlers continued to come to Ann Arbor. While the earlier settlers were primarily of British ancestry, the newer settlers also consisted of Germans, Irish, and African-Americans. In 1851, Ann Arbor was chartered as a city, though the city showed a drop in population during the Depression of 1873. It was not until the early 1880s that Ann Arbor again saw robust growth, with new immigrants coming from Greece, Italy, Russia, and Poland. Ann Arbor saw increased growth in manufacturing, particularly in milling. Ann Arbor's Jewish community also grew after the turn of the 20th century, and its first and oldest synagogue, Beth Israel Congregation, was established in 1916.

question: Ann Arbor has been linked with which university?, answer: University of Michigan | question: Which town became the regional transport hub in 1878?, answer: Ann Arbor | question: Who were the early settlers of Ann Arbor?, answer: British | question: In which year was Ann Arbor chartered as a city?, answer: 1851 | question: In 1916, what was the name of the Synagogue that was establish?, answer: Beth Israel Congregation
Since their domestication, a large number of breeds of chickens have been established, but with the exception of the white Leghorn, most commercial birds are of hybrid origin. In about 1800, chickens began to be kept on a larger scale, and modern high-output poultry farms were present in the United Kingdom from around 1920 and became established in the United States soon after the Second World War. By the mid-20th century, the poultry meat-producing industry was of greater importance than the egg-laying industry. Poultry breeding has produced breeds and strains to fulfil different needs; light-framed, egg-laying birds that can produce 300 eggs a year; fast-growing, fleshy birds destined for consumption at a young age, and utility birds which produce both an acceptable number of eggs and a well-fleshed carcase. Male birds are unwanted in the egg-laying industry and can often be identified as soon as they are hatch for subsequent culling. In meat breeds, these birds are sometimes castrated (often chemically) to prevent aggression. The resulting bird, called a capon, has more tender and flavorful meat, as well.

question: When did the poultry business boom in the United States ?, answer: By the mid-20th century, the poultry meat-producing industry was of greater importance than the egg-laying industry | question: How can you normally identify a cock when recently hatched?, answer: can often be identified as soon as they are hatch for subsequent culling | question: How has breeding helped in the pultry industry?, answer: light-framed, egg-laying birds that can produce 300 eggs a year; fast-growing, fleshy birds destined for consumption | question: Are there any purebreed lines for poultry today?, answer: with the exception of the white Leghorn, most commercial birds are of hybrid origin.
Since then, the Bronx has always supported the Democratic Party's nominee for President, starting with a vote of 2-1 for the unsuccessful Al Smith in 1928, followed by four 2-1 votes for the successful Franklin D. Roosevelt. (Both had been Governors of New York, but Republican former Gov. Thomas E. Dewey won only 28% of the Bronx's vote in 1948 against 55% for Pres. Harry Truman, the winning Democrat, and 17% for Henry A. Wallace of the Progressives. It was only 32 years earlier, by contrast, that another Republican former Governor who narrowly lost the Presidency, Charles Evans Hughes, had won 42.6% of the Bronx's 1916 vote against Democratic President Woodrow Wilson's 49.8% and Socialist candidate Allan Benson's 7.3%.)

question: Who did the Bronx support for President in 1928?, answer: Al Smith | question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Hughes get?, answer: 42.6% | question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Wilson get?, answer: 42.6% | question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Benson get?, answer: 7.3% | question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1948 did Truman get?, answer: 55%
Since then, the world has seen many enactments, adjustments, and repeals. For specific details, an overview is available at Daylight saving time by country.

question: Has the world seen many or few changes in the observation of DST?, answer: many | question: Countries might change their DST policy by enactments, adjustments, and what other type of policy changes?, answer: repeals
Since then, tourism in Nepal has thrived; it is the country's most important industry.[citation needed] Tourism is a major source of income for most of the people in the city, with several hundred thousand visitors annually. Hindu and Buddhist pilgrims from all over the world visit Kathmandu's religious sites such as Pashupatinath, Swayambhunath, Boudhanath and Budhanilkantha. From a mere 6,179 tourists in 1961/62, the number jumped to 491,504 in 1999/2000. Following the end of the Maoist insurgency, there was a significant rise of 509,956 tourist arrivals in 2009. Since then, tourism has improved as the country turned into a Democratic Republic. In economic terms, the foreign exchange registered 3.8% of the GDP in 1995/96 but then started declining[why?]. The high level of tourism is attributed to the natural grandeur of the Himalayas and the rich cultural heritage of the country.

question: What is the most significant industry in Nepal?, answer: tourism | question: Along with Buddhists, what religion's devotees visit Kathmandu?, answer: Hindu | question: How many tourists visited Kathmandu in the period 1961-62?, answer: 6,179 | question: What event led to an increase in tourism in 2009?, answer: end of the Maoist insurgency | question: What Nepalese mountains are claimed to attract tourists?, answer: Himalayas
Since there were few posts in Hungary for mathematicians, and those were not well-paid, his father wanted von Neumann to follow him into industry and therefore invest his time in a more financially useful endeavor than mathematics. So it was decided that the best career path was to become a chemical engineer. This was not something that von Neumann had much knowledge of, so it was arranged for him to take a two-year non-degree course in chemistry at the University of Berlin, after which he sat the entrance exam to the prestigious ETH Zurich, which he passed in September 1923. At the same time, von Neumann also entered Pázmány Péter University in Budapest, as a Ph.D. candidate in mathematics. For his thesis, he chose to produce an axiomatization of Cantor's set theory. He passed his final examinations for his Ph.D. soon after graduating from ETH Zurich in 1926. He then went to the University of Göttingen on a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to study mathematics under David Hilbert.

question: What career path was decided upon for Von Neuman?, answer: chemical engineer | question: At what university was it arranged for Von Neumann to enter a chemistry program?, answer: University of Berlin | question: Where did Von Neumann study as a PHD candidate?, answer: Pázmány Péter University in Budapest | question: What was the topic of Von Neuman's thesis?, answer: axiomatization of Cantor's set theory
Since these problems surfaced, Microsoft has attempted to modify the console to improve its reliability. Modifications include a reduction in the number, size, and placement of components, the addition of dabs of epoxy on the corners and edges of the CPU and GPU as glue to prevent movement relative to the board during heat expansion, and a second GPU heatsink to dissipate more heat. With the release of the redesigned Xbox 360 S, the warranty for the newer models does not include the three-year extended coverage for "General Hardware Failures". The newer Xbox 360 S model indicates system overheating when the console's power button begins to flash red, unlike previous models where the first and third quadrant of the ring would light up red around the power button if overheating occurred. The system will then warn the user of imminent system shutdown until the system has cooled, whereas a flashing power button that alternates between green and red is an indication of a "General Hardware Failure" unlike older models where three of the quadrants would light up red.

question: How did Microsoft modify the architecture of the 360 to reduce failure rates?, answer: a reduction in the number, size, and placement of components | question: What was the root cause of hardware failures with the 360?, answer: heat | question: When the newer 360 S models have their power buttons flash red, it means?, answer: system overheating | question: How does the 360 S then react to an overheating situation?, answer: imminent system shutdown until the system has cooled | question: How did Microsoft attempt to deal with potential heat-related expansion with GPU and CPU components?, answer: dabs of epoxy on the corners and edges
Sir John Call argued the advantages of Norfolk Island in that it was uninhabited and that New Zealand flax grew there. In 1786 the British government included Norfolk Island as an auxiliary settlement, as proposed by John Call, in its plan for colonisation of New South Wales. The decision to settle Norfolk Island was taken due to Empress Catherine II of Russia's decision to restrict sales of hemp. Practically all the hemp and flax required by the Royal Navy for cordage and sailcloth was imported from Russia.

question: In what year did the British government include Norfolk Island as a auxiliary settlement?, answer: 1786 | question: Who proposed the idea to include Norfolk Island as a British auxiliary settlement in 1786?, answer: John Call | question: In including Norfolk Island as an auxiliary settlement, what Australian state did the British government plan to colonise?, answer: New South Wales | question: What woman influenced the decision by the British to settle Norfolk Island?, answer: Empress Catherine II of Russia | question: Where was the majority of the hemp and flax used by the Royal Navy imported from?, answer: Russia
Sirri Amer was close to King Farouk, and was nominated for the presidency of the Officer's Club—normally a ceremonial office—with the king's backing. Nasser was determined to establish the independence of the army from the monarchy, and with Amer as the intercessor, resolved to field a nominee for the Free Officers. They selected Muhammad Naguib, a popular general who had offered his resignation to Farouk in 1942 over British high-handedness and was wounded three times in the Palestine War. Naguib won overwhelmingly and the Free Officers, through their connection with a leading Egyptian daily, al-Misri, publicized his victory while praising the nationalistic spirit of the army.

question: Who was nominated to the presidency of the Officer's Club?, answer: Sirri Amer | question: Who was Nassir's choice to represent the Free Officers?, answer: Muhammad Naguib | question: How many times was Naguib wounded?, answer: three | question: What media outlet advanced the Free Officer's agenda?, answer: al-Misri | question: In what war was Naguib wounded?, answer: Palestine War
Sisvel S.p.A. and its U.S. subsidiary Audio MPEG, Inc. previously sued Thomson for patent infringement on MP3 technology, but those disputes were resolved in November 2005 with Sisvel granting Thomson a license to their patents. Motorola followed soon after, and signed with Sisvel to license MP3-related patents in December 2005. Except for three patents, the US patents administered by Sisvel had all expired in 2015, however (the exceptions are: U.S. Patent 5,878,080, expires February 2017, U.S. Patent 5,850,456, expires February 2017 and U.S. Patent 5,960,037, expires 9. April 2017.

question: Who was sued for patent infringement on MP3 technology?, answer: Thomson | question: Who initially sued to protect their patent rights?, answer: Sisvel S.p.A. | question: What did Sisvel grant Thomson to end the lawsuit?, answer: a license to their patents | question: When did the majority of the patents held by Sisvel expire?, answer: 2015 | question: When does the last patent held by Sisvel expire?, answer: 9. April 2017
Situated between two large linguistic blocks (Ibero-Romance and Gallo-Romance), Catalan has many unique lexical choices, such as enyorar "to miss somebody", apaivagar "to calm down somebody", or rebutjar "reject".

question: What are the linguistic blocks Catalan lies between?, answer: Ibero-Romance and Gallo-Romance | question: What kind of linguistic choices does Catalan have?, answer: unique | question: What type of unique choices does Catalan have?, answer: lexical | question: What is the Catalan to miss somebody?, answer: enyorar
Situated in the southern part of Telangana in southeastern India, Hyderabad is 1,566 kilometres (973 mi) south of Delhi, 699 kilometres (434 mi) southeast of Mumbai, and 570 kilometres (350 mi) north of Bangalore by road. It lies on the banks of the Musi River, in the northern part of the Deccan Plateau. Greater Hyderabad covers 650 km2 (250 sq mi), making it one of the largest metropolitan areas in India. With an average altitude of 542 metres (1,778 ft), Hyderabad lies on predominantly sloping terrain of grey and pink granite, dotted with small hills, the highest being Banjara Hills at 672 metres (2,205 ft). The city has numerous lakes referred to as sagar, meaning "sea". Examples include artificial lakes created by dams on the Musi, such as Hussain Sagar (built in 1562 near the city centre), Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar. As of 1996, the city had 140 lakes and 834 water tanks (ponds).

question: How far south of Delhi, in miles, is Hyderabad?, answer: 973 mi | question: In what region of the Deccan Plateau is Hyderabad?, answer: northern part | question: How large in square kilometers is Greater Hyderabad?, answer: 650 km2 | question: What are the highest hills in Hyderabad?, answer: Banjara Hills | question: When was Hussain Sagar lake built?, answer: 1562
Six games were initially available in Japan, while eagerly anticipated titles such as Dead or Alive 4 and Enchanted Arms were released in the weeks following the console's launch. Games targeted specifically for the region, such as Chromehounds, Ninety-Nine Nights, and Phantasy Star Universe, were also released in the console's first year. Microsoft also had the support of Japanese developer Mistwalker, founded by Final Fantasy creator Hironobu Sakaguchi. Mistwalker's first game, Blue Dragon, was released in 2006 and had a limited-edition bundle which sold out quickly with over 10,000 pre-orders. Blue Dragon is one of three Xbox 360 games to surpass 200,000 units in Japan, along with Tales of Vesperia and Star Ocean: The Last Hope. Mistwalker's second game, Lost Odyssey also sold over 100,000 copies.

question: How many launch titles did the 360 have in Japan?, answer: Six | question: What was the name of the Japanese developer that strongly supported the 360?, answer: Mistwalker | question: What was Mistwalker's first title for the 360?, answer: Blue Dragon | question: Blue Dragon surpassed this sales figure in Japan?, answer: 200,000 units | question: What was Mistwalker's second 360 title to be released?, answer: Lost Odyssey
Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma. The Court, considering the case Roper v. Simmons in March 2005, found the execution of juvenile offenders unconstitutional by a 5–4 margin, effectively raising the minimum permissible age to 18. State laws have not been updated to conform with this decision. In the American legal system, unconstitutional laws do not need to be repealed; instead, they are held to be unenforceable. (See also List of juvenile offenders executed in the United States)

question: According to Thompson v. Oklahoma, what was the youngest age at which a person might be executed?, answer: Sixteen | question: In what year was Thompson v. Oklahoma decided?, answer: 1988 | question: In what month and year was Roper v. Simmons decided?, answer: March 2005 | question: In Roper v. Simmons, how many Supreme Court justices believed juvenile execution to be unconstitutional?, answer: 5 | question: Based on Roper v. Simmons, what is now the minimum age to be executed in the United States?, answer: 18