lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
As with most ancient civilizations, Rome's military served the triple purposes of securing its borders, exploiting peripheral areas through measures such as imposing tribute on conquered peoples, and maintaining internal order. From the outset, Rome's military typified this pattern and the majority of Rome's wars were characterized by one of two types. The first is the foreign war, normally begun as a counter-offensive or defense of an ally. The second is the civil war, which plagued the Roman Republic in its final century. Roman armies were not invincible, despite their formidable reputation and host of victories. Over the centuries the Romans "produced their share of incompetents" who led Roman armies into catastrophic defeats. Nevertheless, it was generally the fate of the greatest of Rome's enemies, such as Pyrrhus and Hannibal, to win early battles but lose the war. The history of Rome's campaigning is, if nothing else, a history of obstinate persistence overcoming appalling losses.

question: Who in Rome was responsible for imposing tribute on nations that they had conquered?, answer: Rome's military | question: What could be considered a trait of Rome's military campaigns?, answer: obstinate persistence | question: What was considered a problem in the Roman Republic during its last century?, answer: civil war | question: What would often lead Rome to wage war in foreign lands?, answer: defense of an ally
As with most of Europe, prehistoric Britain and Ireland were covered with forest and swamp. Clearing began around 6000 BC and accelerated in medieval times. Despite this, Britain retained its primeval forests longer than most of Europe due to a small population and later development of trade and industry, and wood shortages were not a problem until the 17th century. By the 18th century, most of Britain's forests were consumed for shipbuilding or manufacturing charcoal and the nation was forced to import lumber from Scandinavia, North America, and the Baltic. Most forest land in Ireland is maintained by state forestation programmes. Almost all land outside urban areas is farmland. However, relatively large areas of forest remain in east and north Scotland and in southeast England. Oak, elm, ash and beech are amongst the most common trees in England. In Scotland, pine and birch are most common. Natural forests in Ireland are mainly oak, ash, wych elm, birch and pine. Beech and lime, though not native to Ireland, are also common there. Farmland hosts a variety of semi-natural vegetation of grasses and flowering plants. Woods, hedgerows, mountain slopes and marshes host heather, wild grasses, gorse and bracken.

question: When did the clearing of swamp land and forests begin in the British Isles?, answer: around 6000 BC | question: When did the clearing of the swamp land and forest begain to rapidly increase?, answer: medieval times | question: Why was Britain able to keep its ancient forests longer than Europe?, answer: due to a small population | question: When did lumber shortages start to occur in Britain?, answer: 17th century | question: What are three of the most typical type of tress that can be found in Ireland?, answer: oak, ash, wych elm
As with other public schools, a scheme was devised towards the end of the 19th century to familiarize privileged schoolboys with social conditions in deprived areas. The project of establishing an 'Eton Mission' in the crowded district of Hackney Wick in east London was started at the beginning of 1880, and lasted until 1971 when it was decided that a more local project (at Dorney) would be more realistic. However over the years much money was raised for the Eton Mission, a fine church by G. F. Bodley was erected, many Etonians visited, and stimulated among other things the Eton Manor Boys' Club, a notable rowing club which has survived the Mission itself, and the 59 Club for motorcyclists.

question: Which club at Eaton is for motorcyclists?, answer: 59 Club | question: What was the purpose for creating an Eton Mission?, answer: familiarize privileged schoolboys with social conditions in deprived areas | question: What is Eton's rowing club called?, answer: Eton Manor Boys' Club | question: Why did construction of Eton Mission cease in 1971?, answer: it was decided that a more local project (at Dorney) would be more realistic | question: Where was the Eton Mission originally to be located?, answer: district of Hackney Wick in east London
As with personae in general, a character's face or heel alignment may change with time, or remain constant over its lifetime (the most famous example of the latter is Ricky Steamboat, a WWE Hall of Famer who remained a babyface throughout his entire career). Sometimes a character's heel turn will become so popular that eventually the audience response will alter the character's heel-face cycle to the point where the heel persona will, in practice, become a face persona, and what was previously the face persona, will turn into the heel persona, such as when Dwayne Johnson first began using "The Rock" persona as a heel character, as opposed to his original "Rocky Maivia" babyface persona. Another legendary example is Stone Cold Steve Austin, who was originally booked as a heel, with such mannerisms as drinking on the job, using profanity, breaking company property, and even breaking into people's private homes. However, much to WWF's surprise, the fans enjoyed Austin's antics so much that he became one of the greatest antiheroes in the history of the business. He, along with the stable of D-Generation X, is generally credited with ushering in the Attitude Era of WWF programming.

question: Who is a wrestler who never turned?, answer: Ricky Steamboat | question: What did Stone Cold Steve Austin start as?, answer: heel | question: What was The Rock's original character?, answer: Rocky Maivia | question: What did Steve Austin become?, answer: one of the greatest antiheroes
As with previous USB versions, USB 3.0 ports come in low-power and high-power variants, providing 150 mA and 900 mA respectively, while simultaneously transmitting data at SuperSpeed rates. Additionally, there is a Battery Charging Specification (Version 1.2 – December 2010), which increases the power handling capability to 1.5 A but does not allow concurrent data transmission. The Battery Charging Specification requires that the physical ports themselves be capable of handling 5 A of current[citation needed] but limits the maximum current drawn to 1.5 A.

question: What are the power variants in USB 3.0 ports?, answer: low-power and high-power | question: What do the power variants provide?, answer: 150 mA and 900 mA respectively | question: What does the Battery Charging Specification do?, answer: increases the power handling capability to 1.5 A | question: What is a downfall of the Battery Charging Specification?, answer: does not allow concurrent data transmission
As with the minerals discussed above, some vitamins are recognized as organic essential nutrients, necessary in the diet for good health. (Vitamin D is the exception: it can be synthesized in the skin, in the presence of UVB radiation.) Certain vitamin-like compounds that are recommended in the diet, such as carnitine, are thought useful for survival and health, but these are not "essential" dietary nutrients because the human body has some capacity to produce them from other compounds. Moreover, thousands of different phytochemicals have recently been discovered in food (particularly in fresh vegetables), which may have desirable properties including antioxidant activity (see below); however, experimental demonstration has been suggestive but inconclusive. Other essential nutrients that are not classified as vitamins include essential amino acids (see above), choline, essential fatty acids (see above), and the minerals discussed in the preceding section.

question: Which vitamin can be synthesized in the skin?, answer: Vitamin D | question: What is required for vitamin D to be synthesized?, answer: UVB radiation | question: What is an example of a vitamin - like compound that is not considered an essential dietary nutrient?, answer: carnitine | question: What has recently been discovered in the thousands, especially from examining fresh vegetables?, answer: phytochemicals | question: What is choline not an example of?, answer: vitamins
As with the rest of the UK, Southampton experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb). Its southerly, low lying and sheltered location ensures it is among the warmer, sunnier cities in the UK. It has held the record for the highest temperature in the UK for June at 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) since 1976.

question: What kind of climate does Southampton have?, answer: oceanic | question: For what month does Southampton hold the UK's record high temperature?, answer: June | question: What was the record high temperature for June in degrees Celsius?, answer: 35.6 | question: What year did Southampton set the record high temperature for June?, answer: 1976 | question: What does the record-setting 35.6 degrees Celsius convert to in degrees Fahrenheit?, answer: 96.1
As with the spoken languages, the ethnic group composition also remains a point of debate, mainly regarding the largest and second largest ethnic groups, the Persians and Azerbaijanis, due to the lack of Iranian state censuses based on ethnicity. The CIA's World Factbook has estimated that around 79% of the population of Iran are a diverse Indo-European ethno-linguistic group that comprise the speakers of Iranian languages, with Persians constituting 53% of the population, Gilaks and Mazanderanis 7%, Kurds 10%, Lurs 6%, and Balochs 2%. Peoples of the other ethnicities in Iran make up the remaining 22%, with Azerbaijanis constituting 16%, Arabs 2%, Turkmens and Turkic tribes 2%, and others 2% (such as Armenians, Talysh, Georgians, Circassians, Assyrians).

question: What is Iran's presumed largest ethnic group?, answer: Persians | question: What is Iran's presumed 2nd largest ethnic group?, answer: Azerbaijanis | question: Persians make up what percentage of Iran's population?, answer: 53% | question: Ethnic minorities such as Azerbaijanis make up what percentage of Iran's population?, answer: 22% | question: What percentage of Iran speaks any type of Iranian language?, answer: 79%
As with zoneinfo, a user of Microsoft Windows configures DST by specifying the name of a location, and the operating system then consults a table of rule sets that must be updated when DST rules change. Procedures for specifying the name and updating the table vary with release. Updates are not issued for older versions of Microsoft Windows. Windows Vista supports at most two start and end rules per time zone setting. In a Canadian location observing DST, a single Vista setting supports both 1987–2006 and post-2006 time stamps, but mishandles some older time stamps. Older Microsoft Windows systems usually store only a single start and end rule for each zone, so that the same Canadian setting reliably supports only post-2006 time stamps.

question: Similar to systems using zoneinfo, Microsoft Windows calculates DST by doing what?, answer: specifying the name of a location | question: When does the table of rule sets the Windows operating system uses have to be updated?, answer: when DST rules change | question: If your computer runs Vista, what's the maximum number of start and end rules you can have for each time zone setting?, answer: two | question: If located in Canada somewhere where DST is observed, a system running Vista might mishandle time stamps that are older than what year?, answer: 1987 | question: On a system running Windows older than Vista, locations in Canada observing DST would only reliably support time stamps from after what year?, answer: 2006
Ashkenazi Jews have a noted history of achievement in Western societies in the fields of exact and social sciences, literature, finance, politics, media, and others. In those societies where they have been free to enter any profession, they have a record of high occupational achievement, entering professions and fields of commerce where higher education is required. Ashkenazi Jews have won a large number of the Nobel awards. While they make up about 2% of the U.S. population, 27% of United States Nobel prize winners in the 20th century, a quarter of Fields Medal winners, 25% of ACM Turing Award winners, half the world's chess champions, including 8% of the top 100 world chess players, and a quarter of Westinghouse Science Talent Search winners have Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry.

question: What percentage of the US population is comprised of Ashkenazi Jews?, answer: 2% | question: What percentage of the top 100 world chess players come from the Ashkenazi Jewish community?, answer: 8% | question: What percentage of Nobel award winners from the United States in the 20th century have been Ashkenazi Jews?, answer: 27% | question: About how many Fields Medal winners have been Ashkenazi Jews?, answer: a quarter | question: About how many of the world's chess champions come from the Ashkenazi Jewish community?, answer: half the world's chess champions
Ashkenazi Jews represent the bulk of modern Jewry, with at least 70% of Jews worldwide (and up to 90% prior to World War II and the Holocaust). As a result of their emigration from Europe, Ashkenazim also represent the overwhelming majority of Jews in the New World continents, in countries such as the United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and Brazil. In France, the immigration of Jews from Algeria (Sephardim) has led them to outnumber the Ashkenazim. Only in Israel is the Jewish population representative of all groups, a melting pot independent of each group's proportion within the overall world Jewish population.

question: What group of Jews represent the bulk of modern Jewry?, answer: Ashkenazi Jews | question: Which group represents at least 70% of Jews worldwide?, answer: Ashkenazi Jews | question: Why does Ashkenazim represent the overwhelming majority of Jews in the New World continents?, answer: As a result of their emigration from Europe | question: In what country does the immigration of Jews from Algeria (Sephardim) has led them to outnumber the Ashkenazim?, answer: France
Aside from the 20th century addition of the Bois de Boulogne, Bois de Vincennes and Paris heliport, Paris' administrative limits have remained unchanged since 1860. The Seine département had been governing Paris and its suburbs since its creation in 1790, but the rising suburban population had made it difficult to govern as a unique entity. This problem was 'resolved' when its parent "District de la région parisienne" (Paris region) was reorganised into several new departments from 1968: Paris became a department in itself, and the administration of its suburbs was divided between the three departments surrounding it. The Paris region was renamed "Île-de-France" in 1977, but the "Paris region" name is still commonly used today. Paris was reunited with its suburbs on January 1, 2016 when the Métropole du Grand Paris came into existence.

question: What are they only two additions to Paris' administrative limits since 1860?, answer: Bois de Boulogne, Bois de Vincennes | question: When was the Siene department created?, answer: 1790 | question: WHen was District de la region parisienne reorganised?, answer: 1968 | question: What was the Paris region renamed to?, answer: "Île-de-France" | question: When was Paris reunited with its suburbs?, answer: January 1, 2016
Aside from the lignocellulose, wood consists of a variety of low molecular weight organic compounds, called extractives. The wood extractives are fatty acids, resin acids, waxes and terpenes. For example, rosin is exuded by conifers as protection from insects. The extraction of these organic materials from wood provides tall oil, turpentine, and rosin.

question: What's the name for the low molecular weight organic compounds in wood?, answer: extractives | question: Along with fatty acids, what kind of acids are in the extractives in wood?, answer: resin | question: Wood extractives include resin and fatty acids, terpenes, and what other component?, answer: waxes | question: What do conifers use rosin to protect themselves from?, answer: insects | question: Along with tall oil and rosin, what commercial product do we get from wood's extractives?, answer: turpentine
Aside from the official forms of their respective languages, the four linguistic regions of Switzerland also have their local dialectal forms. The role played by dialects in each linguistic region varies dramatically: in the German-speaking regions, Swiss German dialects have become ever more prevalent since the second half of the 20th century, especially in the media, such as radio and television, and are used as an everyday language, while the Swiss variety of Standard German is almost always used instead of dialect for written communication (c.f. diglossic usage of a language). Conversely, in the French-speaking regions the local dialects have almost disappeared (only 6.3% of the population of Valais, 3.9% of Fribourg, and 3.1% of Jura still spoke dialects at the end of the 20th century), while in the Italian-speaking regions dialects are mostly limited to family settings and casual conversation.

question: How many linguistic regions of Switzerland have their own form of local dialect?, answer: four | question: What dialect is increasing in German speaking regions?, answer: Swiss German | question: What has happened to the local dialects in the French speaking regions?, answer: have almost disappeared | question: Where do dialects tend to be limited to in the Italian speaking regions?, answer: family settings and casual conversation
Aside from water, wood has three main components. Cellulose, a crystalline polymer derived from glucose, constitutes about 41–43%. Next in abundance is hemicellulose, which is around 20% in deciduous trees but near 30% in conifers. It is mainly five-carbon sugars that are linked in an irregular manner, in contrast to the cellulose. Lignin is the third component at around 27% in coniferous wood vs. 23% in deciduous trees. Lignin confers the hydrophobic properties reflecting the fact that it is based on aromatic rings. These three components are interwoven, and direct covalent linkages exist between the lignin and the hemicellulose. A major focus of the paper industry is the separation of the lignin from the cellulose, from which paper is made.

question: How many main components make up wood, not counting water?, answer: three | question: What's the name for the crystalline polymer derived from glucose?, answer: Cellulose | question: After cellulose, what component is most plentiful in wood?, answer: hemicellulose | question: What kind of trees have about 30% hemicellulose?, answer: conifers | question: Which of the three main components of wood is used to manufacture paper?, answer: cellulose
Asked about the liberal, non-democratic rule by a Chilean interviewer, Hayek is translated from German to Spanish to English as having said, "As long term institutions, I am totally against dictatorships. But a dictatorship may be a necessary system for a transitional period. [...] Personally I prefer a liberal dictatorship to democratic government devoid of liberalism. My personal impression – and this is valid for South America – is that in Chile, for example, we will witness a transition from a dictatorial government to a liberal government." In a letter to the London Times, he defended the Pinochet regime and said that he had "not been able to find a single person even in much maligned Chile who did not agree that personal freedom was much greater under Pinochet than it had been under Allende." Hayek admitted that "it is not very likely that this will succeed, even if, at a particular point in time, it may be the only hope there is.", he explained, however, "It is not certain hope, because it will always depend on the goodwill of an individual, and there are very few individuals one can trust. But if it is the sole opportunity which exists at a particular moment it may be the best solution despite this. And only if and when the dictatorial government is visibly directing its steps towards limited democracy".

question: At what point did Hayek claim dictatorships may be necessary?, answer: a transitional period | question: What did Hayek claim to prefer over a democratic government in the absence of liberal ideals?, answer: a liberal dictatorship | question: What did Hayek believe the Chilean government would become in the future?, answer: a liberal government | question: As claimed by Hayek, Chilean citizens had more freedom under which ruler?, answer: Pinochet
Asphalt/bitumen also occurs in unconsolidated sandstones known as "oil sands" in Alberta, Canada, and the similar "tar sands" in Utah, US. The Canadian province of Alberta has most of the world's reserves of natural bitumen, in three huge deposits covering 142,000 square kilometres (55,000 sq mi), an area larger than England or New York state. These bituminous sands contain 166 billion barrels (26.4×10^9 m3) of commercially established oil reserves, giving Canada the third largest oil reserves in the world. and produce over 2.3 million barrels per day (370×10^3 m3/d) of heavy crude oil and synthetic crude oil. Although historically it was used without refining to pave roads, nearly all of the bitumen is now used as raw material for oil refineries in Canada and the United States.

question: What is another term for asphalt?, answer: bitumen | question: Besides occurrences in Canada, where in the US is asphalt found?, answer: Utah | question: How much of the planet's asphalt is located in Canada?, answer: most | question: What is the area amount of the Canadian asphalt deposits?, answer: 142,000 square kilometres | question: Where does most of Canada's asphalt end up these days?, answer: oil refineries
Asphalt/bitumen can sometimes be confused with "coal tar", which is a visually similar black, thermoplastic material produced by the destructive distillation of coal. During the early and mid-20th century when town gas was produced, coal tar was a readily available byproduct and extensively used as the binder for road aggregates. The addition of tar to macadam roads led to the word tarmac, which is now used in common parlance to refer to road-making materials. However, since the 1970s, when natural gas succeeded town gas, asphalt/bitumen has completely overtaken the use of coal tar in these applications. Other examples of this confusion include the La Brea Tar Pits and the Canadian oil sands, both of which actually contain natural bitumen rather than tar. Pitch is another term sometimes used at times to refer to asphalt/bitumen, as in Pitch Lake.

question: To what similar substance can asphalt be confused?, answer: coal tar | question: For what was coal tar used in road paving?, answer: binder | question: What is the common word is used to describe the combination of tar and macadam?, answer: tarmac | question: What use has pushed out the need to produce roads with coal tar?, answer: natural gas | question: Instead of tar, what does the La Brea Tars Pits contain?, answer: bitumen