lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Some clock-shift problems could be avoided by adjusting clocks continuously or at least more gradually—for example, Willett at first suggested weekly 20-minute transitions—but this would add complexity and has never been implemented.

question: Willett's first suggestion was to change clocks by 20 minutes how often?, answer: weekly | question: What drawback would changing clocks gradually add to the process?, answer: complexity | question: What could be avoided by changing clocks more gradually more often?, answer: Some clock-shift problems
Some commentators have defined reverse discrimination as a policy or practice in which members of a majority are discriminated against in favor of a historically disadvantaged group or minority.[non-primary source needed] Many argue that reverse discrimination results from affirmative action policies and that these policies are just another form of discrimination no different from examples in the past. People like Ward Connerly assert that affirmative action requires the very discrimination it is seeking to eliminate. According to these opponents, this contradiction might make affirmative action counter-productive. One argument for reverse discrimination is the idea that affirmative action encourages mediocrity and incompetence. Job positions would not be offered to the applicants who are the most qualified, but to applicants with a special trait such as a certain race, ethnicity, or gender. For example, opponents say affirmative action causes unprepared applicants to be accepted in highly demanding educational institutions or jobs which result in eventual failure (see, for example, Richard Sander's study of affirmative action in Law School, bar exam and eventual performance at law firms). Other opponents say that affirmative action lowers the bar and so denies those who strive for excellence on their own merit and the sense of real achievement. Opponents of affirmative action suggest that merit should be the primary factor considered in applying for job positions, college, graduate school, etc.

question: What is a definition of reverse discrimination?, answer: a policy or practice in which members of a majority are discriminated against in favor of a historically disadvantaged group or minority | question: What do some commentators claim the irony of policies resulting from affirmative action is?, answer: these policies are just another form of discrimination | question: Who is an example of someone that states that affirmative action is another form of discrimination?, answer: Ward Connerly | question: What does the opposition of affirmative action believe should be the main key in determining acceptance in employment or education?, answer: merit | question: An argument against affirmative action is that it encourages what?, answer: mediocrity and incompetence
Some common epithets of Apollo as a healer are "paion" (παιών, literally "healer" or "helper") "epikourios" (ἐπικουρώ, "help"), "oulios" (οὐλή, "healed wound", also a "scar" ) and "loimios" (λοιμός, "plague"). In classical times, his strong function in popular religion was to keep away evil, and was therefore called "apotropaios" (ἀποτρέπω, "divert", "deter", "avert") and "alexikakos" (from v. ἀλέξω + n. κακόν, "defend from evil"). In later writers, the word, usually spelled "Paean", becomes a mere epithet of Apollo in his capacity as a god of healing.

question: What is a comon epithet of Apollo as a healer?, answer: paion | question: In classical times, what was Apollo's strong function in popular religion?, answer: keep away evil, | question: What is a word for "defent from evil?", answer: alexikakos
Some computers are designed to distribute their work across several CPUs in a multiprocessing configuration, a technique once employed only in large and powerful machines such as supercomputers, mainframe computers and servers. Multiprocessor and multi-core (multiple CPUs on a single integrated circuit) personal and laptop computers are now widely available, and are being increasingly used in lower-end markets as a result.

question: Multiprocessor and multi-core computers have multiples of what?, answer: CPUs
Some consider koshari (a mixture of rice, lentils, and macaroni) to be the national dish. Fried onions can be also added to koshari. In addition, ful medames (mashed fava beans) is one of the most popular dishes. Fava bean is also used in making falafel (also known as "ta'meyya"), which may have originated in Egypt and spread to other parts of the Middle East. Garlic fried with coriander is added to mulukhiyya, a popular green soup made from finely chopped jute leaves, sometimes with chicken or rabbit.

question: What is koshari?, answer: mixture of rice, lentils, and macaroni | question: What can be added to koshari?, answer: Fried onions | question: What is a polular green soup of Egypt?, answer: mulukhiyya | question: What beans are used to make falafel?, answer: Fava bean
Some consider storyboards and wordless novels to be comics. Film studios, especially in animation, often use sequences of images as guides for film sequences. These storyboards are not intended as an end product and are rarely seen by the public. Wordless novels are books which use sequences of captionless images to deliver a narrative.

question: Storyboards and what are thought to be comics by some?, answer: Wordless novels | question: Storyboards are used a lot by what?, answer: Film studios | question: Storyboards are not considered what?, answer: an end product | question: Who does not often see storyboards used in film making?, answer: the public | question: A book with pictures with no captions that tell a story are called what?, answer: Wordless novels
Some contemporaries alleged that Bonaparte was put under house arrest at Nice for his association with the Robespierres following their fall in the Thermidorian Reaction in July 1794, but Napoleon's secretary Bourrienne disputed the allegation in his memoirs. According to Bourrienne, jealousy was responsible, between the Army of the Alps and the Army of Italy (with whom Napoleon was seconded at the time). Bonaparte dispatched an impassioned defense in a letter to the commissar Salicetti, and he was subsequently acquitted of any wrongdoing.

question: Where was Napoleon put under house arrest?, answer: Nice | question: What historical event brought about the fall of the Robespierres?, answer: the Thermidorian Reaction | question: When did the Thermidorian Reaction take place?, answer: July 1794 | question: At the time of his house arrest, Napoleon was serving with what military entity?, answer: the Army of Italy | question: After his house arrest, who was the commissar that Napoleon sent a letter to protesting innocence?, answer: Salicetti
Some copyright owners voluntarily reduce the scope of what is considered infringement by employing relatively permissive, "open" licensing strategies: rather than privately negotiating license terms with individual users who must first seek out the copyright owner and ask for permission, the copyright owner publishes and distributes the work with a prepared license that anyone can use, as long as they adhere to certain conditions. This has the effect of reducing infringement – and the burden on courts – by simply permitting certain types of uses under terms that the copyright owner considers reasonable. Examples include free software licenses, like the GNU General Public License (GPL), and the Creative Commons licenses, which are predominantly applied to visual and literary works.

question: What do some copyright owners do by reducing the scope of infringement?, answer: employing relatively permissive, "open" licensing | question: What must a user do under a prepared license?, answer: adhere to certain conditions | question: Besides lessening the burden on the courts, what is the effect of this license?, answer: reducing infringement | question: What is an example of a free software license?, answer: GNU General Public License | question: What works do Creative Commons licenses generally apply to?, answer: visual and literary works
Some countries are eliminating or reducing climate disrupting subsidies and Belgium, France, and Japan have phased out all subsidies for coal. Germany is reducing its coal subsidy. The subsidy dropped from $5.4 billion in 1989 to $2.8 billion in 2002, and in the process Germany lowered its coal use by 46 percent. China cut its coal subsidy from $750 million in 1993 to $240 million in 1995 and more recently has imposed a high-sulfur coal tax. However, the United States has been increasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries.

question: What country is reducing its coal subsidy?, answer: Germany | question: What country has been increasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries?, answer: United States | question: Some countries have phased out all subsidies for what substance?, answer: coal
Some countries have multiple "supreme courts" whose respective jurisdictions have different geographical extents, or which are restricted to particular areas of law. In particular, countries with a federal system of government typically[citation needed] have both a federal supreme court (such as the Supreme Court of the United States), and supreme courts for each member state (such as the Supreme Court of Nevada), with the former having jurisdiction over the latter only to the extent that the federal constitution extends federal law over state law. Jurisdictions with a civil law system often have a hierarchy of administrative courts separate from the ordinary courts, headed by a supreme administrative court as it the case in the Netherlands. A number of jurisdictions also maintain a separate constitutional court (first developed in the Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920), such as Austria, France, Germany, Luxemburg, Portugal, Spain and South Africa.

question: Countries with more than one supreme court may divide their primacy by what factors?, answer: different geographical extents, or which are restricted to particular areas of law | question: What is an example of the highest court in a federal system of government?, answer: the Supreme Court of the United States | question: What are some countries that have a separate supreme court to decide constitutional matters?, answer: Austria, France, Germany, Luxemburg, Portugal, Spain and South Africa | question: A court system with a hierarchy of different administrative courts occurs in what kind of legal system?, answer: a civil law system
Some critics believe that a clear-text edition gives the edited text too great a prominence, relegating textual variants to appendices that are difficult to use, and suggesting a greater sense of certainty about the established text than it deserves. As Shillingsburg notes, "English scholarly editions have tended to use notes at the foot of the text page, indicating, tacitly, a greater modesty about the "established" text and drawing attention more forcibly to at least some of the alternative forms of the text".

question: Are appendices easy to use for the average reader?, answer: appendices that are difficult to use, | question: Can a reader be certain of the validity of information found in a clear-text edition?, answer: suggesting a greater sense of certainty about the established text than it deserves | question: How do most editors work around the reference problems of clear-text editing?, answer: notes at the foot of the text page | question: Where can a reader find more information on text variants after noticing a footnote?, answer: appendices
Some critics express the opinion that it is only from the mid-19th century, and especially in the 20th century, that the score began to hold such a high significance. Previously, improvisation (in preludes, cadenzas and ornaments), rhythmic flexibility (e.g., tempo rubato), improvisatory deviation from the score and oral tradition of playing was integral to the style. Yet in the 20th century, this oral tradition and passing on of stylistic features within classical music disappeared. Instead, musicians tend to use just the score to play music. Yet, even with the score providing the key elements of the music, there is considerable controversy about how to perform the works. Some of this controversy relates to the fact that this score-centric approach has led to performances that emphasize metrically strict block-rhythms (just as the music is notated in the score).

question: Improvisation is integral before what took a high significance?, answer: the score | question: When did oral tradition disappear?, answer: the 20th century | question: There is still controversy about how to perform works, even though scores provide what?, answer: key elements of the music | question: A score-centric approach strictly emphasizes what?, answer: block-rhythms
Some critics object to materialism as part of an overly skeptical, narrow or reductivist approach to theorizing, rather than to the ontological claim that matter is the only substance. Particle physicist and Anglican theologian John Polkinghorne objects to what he calls promissory materialism — claims that materialistic science will eventually succeed in explaining phenomena it has not so far been able to explain. Polkinghorne prefers "dual-aspect monism" to faith in materialism.

question: Instead of faith, John Polkinghorne relies on what when it comes to the theory of materialism?, answer: dual-aspect monism
Some critics of Stalin's policy, such as the popular writer Viktor Suvorov, claim that Stalin's primary motive for signing the Soviet–German non-aggression treaty was his calculation that such a pact could result in a conflict between the capitalist countries of Western Europe.[citation needed] This idea is supported by Albert L. Weeks.[page needed] Claims by Suvorov that Stalin planned to invade Germany in 1941 are debated by historians with, for example, David Glantz opposing such claims, while Mikhail Meltyukhov supports them.[citation needed] The authors of The Black Book of Communism consider the pact a crime against peace and a "conspiracy to conduct war of aggression."

question: Who was skeptical of Stalin’s policies?, answer: Viktor Suvorov | question: What is the claim the pact promoted, purported by the The Black Book of Communism?, answer: a "conspiracy to conduct war of aggression." | question: Who doesn’t believe that Joseph Stalin had plans to invade Germany?, answer: David Glantz
Some critics of intellectual property, such as those in the free culture movement, point at intellectual monopolies as harming health (in the case of pharmaceutical patents), preventing progress, and benefiting concentrated interests to the detriment of the masses, and argue that the public interest is harmed by ever-expansive monopolies in the form of copyright extensions, software patents, and business method patents. More recently scientists and engineers are expressing concern that patent thickets are undermining technological development even in high-tech fields like nanotechnology.

question: What can be harmed by pharmaceutical patents?, answer: health | question: IP benefits concentrated interests to whose detriment?, answer: the masses | question: Whose interests are harmed by expanding IP?, answer: the public | question: Developments in nanotechnology are being undermined by what type of IP?, answer: patent | question: What type of monopolies does IP create?, answer: intellectual
Some critiqued Paul VI's decision; the newly created Synod of Bishops had an advisory role only and could not make decisions on their own, although the Council decided exactly that. During the pontificate of Paul VI, five such synods took place, and he is on record of implementing all their decisions. Related questions were raised about the new National Bishop Conferences, which became mandatory after Vatican II. Others questioned his Ostpolitik and contacts with Communism and the deals he engaged in for the faithful.

question: How many Synod of Bishops took place during Paul VI's papacy?, answer: five | question: What conferences became a requirement after Vatican II?, answer: National Bishop Conferences | question: What political movement was Paul VI criticized for having a relationship with?, answer: Communism | question: The Council, under Paul VI, decided whom could make decisions independently of Rome?, answer: Bishops | question: How many of his bishop's decisions did Paul VI end up enacting?, answer: all
Some devices, such as high-speed external disk drives, require more than 500 mA of current and therefore may have power issues if powered from just one USB 2.0 port: erratic function, failure to function, or overloading/damaging the port. Such devices may come with an external power source or a Y-shaped cable that has two USB connectors (one for power and data, the other for power only) to plug into a computer. With such a cable, a device can draw power from two USB ports simultaneously. However, USB compliance specification states that "use of a 'Y' cable (a cable with two A-plugs) is prohibited on any USB peripheral", meaning that "if a USB peripheral requires more power than allowed by the USB specification to which it is designed, then it must be self-powered."

question: What is an example of a device that requires more than 500 mA of current?, answer: high-speed external disk drives | question: What is an issue that may occur if a high-speed external disk drive is powered from just one USB 2.0 port., answer: may have power issues | question: What does USB compliance specification prohibit?, answer: "use of a 'Y' cable (a cable with two A-plugs)
Some early male settlers married Indigenous American women and had informal unions with them. Early contact between Indigenous Americans and Europeans was often charged with tension, but also had moments of friendship, cooperation, and intimacy. Marriages took place in both English and Latin colonies between European men and Native women. For instance, on April 5, 1614, Pocahontas, a Powhatan woman in present-day Virginia, married the Englishman John Rolfe of Jamestown. Their son Thomas Rolfe was an ancestor to many descendants in First Families of Virginia. As a result, English laws did not exclude people with some Indigenous American ancestry from being considered English or white.

question: When was the wedding of Rolfe and Pocahontas?, answer: April 5, 1614 | question: What did English laws not exclude people with some native blood from being?, answer: considered English or white | question: Who married Indigenous women early on?, answer: male settlers | question: Where did Rolfe marry Pocahontas?, answer: present-day Virginia | question: Who was an ancestor of the First Families of Virginia?, answer: Thomas Rolfe
Some established acts continued to enjoy commercial success, such as Aerosmith, with their number one multi-platinum albums: Get a Grip (1993), which produced four Top 40 singles and became the band's best-selling album worldwide (going on to sell over 10 million copies), and Nine Lives (1997). In 1998, Aerosmith released the number one hit "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing", which remains the only single by a hard rock band to debut at number one. AC/DC produced the double platinum Ballbreaker (1995). Bon Jovi appealed to their hard rock audience with songs such as "Keep the Faith" (1992), but also achieved success in adult contemporary radio, with the Top 10 ballads "Bed of Roses" (1993) and "Always" (1994). Bon Jovi's 1995 album These Days was a bigger hit in Europe than it was in the United States, spawning four Top 10 singles on the UK Singles Chart. Metallica's Load (1996) and ReLoad (1997) each sold in excess of 4 million copies in the US and saw the band develop a more melodic and blues rock sound. As the initial impetus of grunge bands faltered in the middle years of the decade, post-grunge bands emerged. They emulated the attitudes and music of grunge, particularly thick, distorted guitars, but with a more radio-friendly commercially oriented sound that drew more directly on traditional hard rock. Among the most successful acts were the Foo Fighters, Candlebox, Live, Collective Soul, Australia's Silverchair and England's Bush, who all cemented post-grunge as one of the most commercially viable subgenres by the late 1990s. Similarly, some post-Britpop bands that followed in the wake of Oasis, including Feeder and Stereophonics, adopted a hard rock or "pop-metal" sound.

question: What Aerosmith ballad debuted at number one on the charts?, answer: "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" | question: What was the title of AC/DC's 1995 double lp?, answer: Ballbreaker | question: Bon Jovi's 1995 album was called what?, answer: These Days | question: What commercially successful sub-genre emerged from the grunge movement?, answer: post-grunge | question: When did Aerosmith's album Get A Grip come out?, answer: 1993
Some evidence shows that alternatives to pesticides can be equally effective as the use of chemicals. For example, Sweden has halved its use of pesticides with hardly any reduction in crops.[unreliable source?] In Indonesia, farmers have reduced pesticide use on rice fields by 65% and experienced a 15% crop increase.[unreliable source?] A study of Maize fields in northern Florida found that the application of composted yard waste with high carbon to nitrogen ratio to agricultural fields was highly effective at reducing the population of plant-parasitic nematodes and increasing crop yield, with yield increases ranging from 10% to 212%; the observed effects were long-term, often not appearing until the third season of the study.

question: How much was Sweden able to lower thier pesticide usage?, answer: halved its use | question: What other country has reduced its pesticide usage?, answer: Indonesia | question: What natural substance has been found to effectively increase crop yields, answer: carbon to nitrogen | question: What amount of gain in crops can be contributed to application of composted yard waste?, answer: 10% to 212%
Some examples of social and religious transition ceremonies that can be found in the U.S., as well as in other cultures around the world, are Confirmation, Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, Quinceañeras, sweet sixteens, cotillions, and débutante balls. In other countries, initiation ceremonies play an important role, marking the transition into adulthood or the entrance into adolescence. This transition may be accompanied by obvious physical changes, which can vary from a change in clothing to tattoos and scarification. Furthermore, transitions into adulthood may also vary by gender, and specific rituals may be more common for males or for females. This illuminates the extent to which adolescence is, at least in part, a social construction; it takes shape differently depending on the cultural context, and may be enforced more by cultural practices or transitions than by universal chemical or biological physical changes.

question: What are a few examples of social and religious transition ceremonies?, answer: Confirmation, Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, Quinceañeras, sweet sixteens, cotillions, and débutante balls | question: What are some physical ways that some cultures mark the transition into adulthood?, answer: tattoos and scarification | question: Do cultural transitions into adulthood vary, or are they the same?, answer: vary