lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Despite the tribute and a negotiation between Laoshang Chanyu (r. 174–160 BC) and Emperor Wen (r. 180–157 BC) to reopen border markets, many of the Chanyu's Xiongnu subordinates chose not to obey the treaty and periodically raided Han territories south of the Great Wall for additional goods. In a court conference assembled by Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC) in 135 BC, the majority consensus of the ministers was to retain the heqin agreement. Emperor Wu accepted this, despite continuing Xiongnu raids. However, a court conference the following year convinced the majority that a limited engagement at Mayi involving the assassination of the Chanyu would throw the Xiongnu realm into chaos and benefit the Han. When this plot failed in 133 BC, Emperor Wu launched a series of massive military invasions into Xiongnu territory. Chinese armies captured one stronghold after another and established agricultural colonies to strengthen their hold. The assault culminated in 119 BC at the Battle of Mobei, where the Han commanders Huo Qubing (d. 117 BC) and Wei Qing (d. 106 BC) forced the Xiongnu court to flee north of the Gobi Desert.

question: The heqin agreement was reaffirmed by a court conference in what year?, answer: 135 BC | question: In what year did Emperor Wu begin a series of attacks in Xiongnu territories?, answer: 133 BC | question: What type of colony did Chinese armies use to help firm their hold on the strongholds that they had taken over?, answer: agricultural | question: In what year did the Battle of Mobei take place?, answer: 119 BC | question: Which Han commander died in the year 106 BC?, answer: Wei Qing
Despite their collective name, not all woodwind instruments are made entirely of wood. The reeds used to play them, however, are usually made from Arundo donax, a type of monocot cane plant.

question: What type of instruments with a misleading name aren't always made completely out of wood?, answer: woodwind instruments | question: What are woodwind instrument's reeds often made out of?, answer: Arundo donax | question: Is the Arundo donax a monocot or dicot cane plant?, answer: monocot | question: What objects do musicians have to have in order to play woodwind instruments?, answer: reeds
Despite their initial reluctance, the Successors seem to have later deliberately naturalized themselves to their different regions, presumably in order to help maintain control of the population. In the Ptolemaic kingdom, we find some Egyptianized Greeks by the 2nd century onwards. The Indo-Greek kingdom, we find kings who were converts to Buddhism (e.g. Menander). The Greeks in the regions therefore gradually become 'localized', adopting local customs as appropriate. In this way, hybrid 'Hellenistic' cultures naturally emerged, at least among the upper echelons of society.

question: Menander converted to what religion?, answer: Buddhism | question: Egyptianized Greeks in the Ptolemaic kingdom started to exist by which century?, answer: 2nd | question: Greeks adopted what from local cultures?, answer: customs
Despite their usurpation of imperial authority, the Fujiwara presided over a period of cultural and artistic flowering at the imperial court and among the aristocracy. There was great interest in graceful poetry and vernacular literature. Two types of phonetic Japanese script: katakana, a simplified script that was developed by using parts of Chinese characters, was abbreviated to hiragana, a cursive syllabary with a distinct writing method that was uniquely Japanese. Hiragana gave written expression to the spoken word and, with it, to the rise in Japan's famous vernacular literature, much of it written by court women who had not been trained in Chinese as had their male counterparts. Three late tenth century and early eleventh century women presented their views of life and romance at the Heian court in Kagerō Nikki by "the mother of Fujiwara Michitsuna", The Pillow Book by Sei Shōnagon and The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu. Indigenous art also flourished under the Fujiwara after centuries of imitating Chinese forms. Vividly colored yamato-e, Japanese style paintings of court life and stories about temples and shrines became common in the mid- and late Heian periods, setting patterns for Japanese art to this day.

question: What script was developed with parts of Chinese characters?, answer: katakana | question: What was the name of the cursive script that gave expression to spoken words?, answer: hiragana | question: Who is the author of The Pillow Book?, answer: Sei Shōnagon | question: Who is the author of The Tale of Genji?, answer: Murasaki Shikibu | question: What was the name of the brightly colored paintings depicting court life?, answer: yamato-e
Despite these crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy.

question: An interest in texts from which two ancient civilizations sparked the Italian Renaissance?, answer: Greek and Roman | question: Which conflicts brought Europeans into contact with Arabs prior to the 12th century?, answer: the Crusades | question: Which city was captured by the Ottoman Turks, resulting in the fleeing of scholars to Western Europe?, answer: Constantinople | question: Who captured Constantinople?, answer: Ottoman Turks | question: What kind of texts did Byzantine scholars take with them when they fled Constantinople?, answer: Greek
Despite these criticisms, Comcast has appeared on multiple "top places to work" lists. In 2009, it was included on CableFAX magazine's "Top 10 Places to Work in Cable", which cited its "scale, savvy and vision". Similarly, the Philadelphia Business Journal awarded Comcast the silver medal among extra-large companies in Philadelphia, with the gold medal going to partner organization, Comcast-Spectacor. The Boston Globe found Comcast to be that city's top place to work in 2009. Employee diversity is also an attribute upon which Comcast receives strong marks. In 2008, Black Enterprise magazine rated Comcast among the top 15 companies for workforce diversity. Comcast was also named a "Top 2014 Workplace" by the Washington Post in their annual feature.

question: What magazine listed Comcast as one of its top places to work?, answer: CableFAX | question: What is Comcast's affiliated entity in Philadelphia?, answer: Comcast-Spectacor | question: What newspaper named Comcast it's top place to work?, answer: The Boston Globe | question: In what year did this newspaper confer this honor on Comcast?, answer: 2009 | question: On what aspect did Black Enterprise Magazine name Comcast a top 15 employer?, answer: workforce diversity
Despite these detailed standard definitions, cameras typically do not clearly indicate whether the user "ISO" setting refers to the noise-based speed, saturation-based speed, or the specified output sensitivity, or even some made-up number for marketing purposes. Because the 1998 version of ISO 12232 did not permit measurement of camera output that had lossy compression, it was not possible to correctly apply any of those measurements to cameras that did not produce sRGB files in an uncompressed format such as TIFF. Following the publication of CIPA DC-004 in 2006, Japanese manufacturers of digital still cameras are required to specify whether a sensitivity rating is REI or SOS.[citation needed]

question: What measures might the user "ISO" setting correspond to?, answer: the noise-based speed, saturation-based speed, or the specified output sensitivity, or even some made-up number for marketing purposes | question: What did the 1998 version of ISO 12232 not permit?, answer: measurement of camera output that had lossy compression | question: What types of sensitivity ratings can be specified by a camera?, answer: REI or SOS | question: What standards changed what Japanese camera makers have to specify?, answer: CIPA DC-004 | question: In what year was CIPA DC-004 introduced?, answer: 2006
Despite this, the Austrians, under the command of General Laudon, captured Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) in Silesia. In the Battle of Liegnitz Frederick scored a strong victory despite being outnumbered three to one. The Russians under General Saltykov and Austrians under General Lacy briefly occupied his capital, Berlin, in October, but could not hold it for long. The end of that year saw Frederick once more victorious, defeating the able Daun in the Battle of Torgau; but he suffered very heavy casualties, and the Austrians retreated in good order.

question: Identify a success of the Austrians?, answer: the Austrians, under the command of General Laudon, captured Glatz | question: Where is Glatz, answer: Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) in Silesia | question: What was outstanding about Frederick's victory in the Battle of Liegnitz?, answer: outnumbered three to one | question: Why was Frederick's defeat of Daun so costly?, answer: he suffered very heavy casualties, and the Austrians retreated in good order. | question: Who led the Russian occupation of Berlin?, answer: General Saltykov
Despite trading for pitcher Matt Garza and signing free-agent slugger Carlos Peña, the Cubs finished the 2011 season 20 games under .500 with a record of 71-91. Weeks after the season came to an end, the club was rejuvenated in the form of a new philosophy, as new owner Tom Ricketts signed Theo Epstein away from the Boston Red Sox, naming him club President and giving him a five-year contract worth over $18 million, and subsequently discharged manager Mike Quade. Epstein, a proponent of sabremetrics and one of the architects of two world series titles in Boston brought along Jed Hoyer to fill the role of GM and hired Dale Sveum as manager. Although the team had a dismal 2012 season, losing 101 games (the worst record since 1966) it was largely expected. The youth movement ushered in by Epstein and Hoyer began as longtime fan favorite Kerry Wood retired in May, followed by Ryan Dempster and Geovany Soto being traded to Texas at the All-Star break for a group of minor league prospects headlined by Christian Villanueva. The development of Castro, Anthony Rizzo, Darwin Barney, Brett Jackson and pitcher Jeff Samardzija as well as the replenishing of the minor-league system with prospects such as Javier Baez, Albert Almora, and Jorge Soler became the primary focus of the season, a philosophy which the new management said would carry over at least through the 2013 season.

question: How many games under .500 did the Cubs finish the 2011 season with?, answer: 20 | question: Who was the new owner of the Cubs?, answer: Tom Ricketts | question: Who did the new owner of the Cubs sign from the Boston Red Sox?, answer: Theo Epstein | question: How much was the contract given to Theo Epstein worth?, answer: $18 million
Despite wide use by politicians, judges and academics, the rule of law has been described as "an exceedingly elusive notion". Among modern legal theorists, one finds that at least two principal conceptions of the rule of law can be identified: a formalist or "thin" definition, and a substantive or "thick" definition; one occasionally encounters a third "functional" conception. Formalist definitions of the rule of law do not make a judgment about the "justness" of law itself, but define specific procedural attributes that a legal framework must have in order to be in compliance with the rule of law. Substantive conceptions of the rule of law go beyond this and include certain substantive rights that are said to be based on, or derived from, the rule of law.

question: What is another word for a thin definition?, answer: formalist | question: What is another word for a thick definition?, answer: substantive | question: Who commonly, or at least attempt to, abide by the rule of law?, answer: politicians, judges and academics | question: On what do aspects of the rule of law do formalist definitions focus?, answer: specific procedural attributes | question: What is the third and lesser referred to approach on defining the rule of law?, answer: functional
Despite yet another offer from the Institute for Advanced Study, Feynman rejected the Institute on the grounds that there were no teaching duties: Feynman felt that students were a source of inspiration and teaching was a diversion during uncreative spells. Because of this, the Institute for Advanced Study and Princeton University jointly offered him a package whereby he could teach at the university and also be at the institute.[citation needed] Feynman instead accepted an offer from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)—and as he says in his book Surely You're Joking Mr. Feynman!—because a desire to live in a mild climate had firmly fixed itself in his mind while he was installing tire chains on his car in the middle of a snowstorm in Ithaca.

question: The Institute of Advanced Study and which other university colluded together to get Feynman a position?, answer: Princeton University | question: Why did Feynman decide to turn down an offer from the Institute of Advanced Study?, answer: no teaching duties | question: Where did Feynman receive much inspiration?, answer: students | question: Ultimately Feynman decided to take a job at which college?, answer: California Institute of Technology | question: In which city did Feynman find himself affixing tire chains?, answer: Ithaca
Destructive testing attempts to cause the software or a sub-system to fail. It verifies that the software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs, thereby establishing the robustness of input validation and error-management routines.[citation needed] Software fault injection, in the form of fuzzing, is an example of failure testing. Various commercial non-functional testing tools are linked from the software fault injection page; there are also numerous open-source and free software tools available that perform destructive testing.

question: What method is used to cause a system to fail?, answer: Destructive testing | question: What does Destructive testing verify?, answer: software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs | question: What is one example of failure testing?, answer: Software fault injection
Detailed licensing records were kept, giving the Public House, its address, owner, licensee and misdemeanours of the licensees, often going back for hundreds of years[citation needed]. Many of these records survive and can be viewed, for example, at the London Metropolitan Archives centre.

question: Where can historical licensing records be examined?, answer: London Metropolitan Archives centre | question: Along with a public house's address, licensee, and the licensee's misdemeanors, what information was kept in licensing records?, answer: owner
Details of the overall United States intelligence budget are classified. Under the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, the Director of Central Intelligence is the only federal government employee who can spend "un-vouchered" government money. The government has disclosed a total figure for all non-military intelligence spending since 2007; the fiscal 2013 figure is $52.6 billion. According to the 2013 mass surveillance disclosures, the CIA's fiscal 2013 budget is $14.7 billion, 28% of the total and almost 50% more than the budget of the National Security Agency. CIA's HUMINT budget is $2.3 billion, the SIGINT budget is $1.7 billion, and spending for security and logistics of CIA missions is $2.5 billion. "Covert action programs", including a variety of activities such as the CIA's drone fleet and anti-Iranian nuclear program activities, accounts for $2.6 billion.

question: What year was the Central Intelligence Agency Act created?, answer: 1949 | question: How much money was spent on non-military intelligence in 2013?, answer: $52.6 billion | question: Who is the only federal employee that can spend un-vouched for money?, answer: the Director of Central Intelligence | question: What was the 2013 annual budget for the CIA's HUMINT?, answer: $2.3 billion | question: What two major things does the CIA's "Covert action programs" include?, answer: drone fleet and anti-Iranian nuclear program activities
Detroit (/dᵻˈtrɔɪt/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States.

question: What city has the biggest population in Michigan?, answer: Detroit | question: What is the name of the county that Detroit is a part of?, answer: Wayne County | question: How many people inhabit metro Detroit?, answer: 5.3 million | question: What is the name of the river that runs through Detroit?, answer: Detroit River | question: In what region of the country is Detroit located?, answer: Midwest
Detroit Medical Center formally became a part of Vanguard Health Systems on December 30, 2010, as a for profit corporation. Vanguard has agreed to invest nearly $1.5 B in the Detroit Medical Center complex which will include $417 M to retire debts, at least $350 M in capital expenditures and an additional $500 M for new capital investment. Vanguard has agreed to assume all debts and pension obligations. The metro area has many other hospitals including William Beaumont Hospital, St. Joseph's, and University of Michigan Medical Center.

question: Detroit Medical Center has become a part of what Health System?, answer: Vanguard Health Systems | question: How much does Vanguard plan to invest in DMC?, answer: $1.5 B | question: What is a name of a Catholic hospital in Detroit?, answer: St. Joseph's | question: How much will Vanguard spend to retire debt for DMC?, answer: $417 M | question: How much does Vanguard plan to spend in capital investment?, answer: $500 M
Detroit and the rest of southeastern Michigan have a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa) which is influenced by the Great Lakes; the city and close-in suburbs are part of USDA Hardiness zone 6b, with farther-out northern and western suburbs generally falling in zone 6a. Winters are cold, with moderate snowfall and temperatures not rising above freezing on an average 44 days annually, while dropping to or below 0 °F (−18 °C) on an average 4.4 days a year; summers are warm to hot with temperatures exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) on 12 days. The warm season runs from May to September. The monthly daily mean temperature ranges from 25.6 °F (−3.6 °C) in January to 73.6 °F (23.1 °C) in July. Official temperature extremes range from 105 °F (41 °C) on July 24, 1934 down to −21 °F (−29 °C) on January 21, 1984; the record low maximum is −4 °F (−20 °C) on January 19, 1994, while, conversely the record high minimum is 80 °F (27 °C) on August 1, 2006, the most recent of five occurrences. A decade or two may pass between readings of 100 °F (38 °C) or higher, which last occurred July 17, 2012. The average window for freezing temperatures is October 20 thru April 22, allowing a growing season of 180 days.

question: What body of water affects Detroit's climate?, answer: Great Lakes | question: How many days a year does the temperature in Detroit drop below 0?, answer: 4.4 | question: When is the warm season in Detroit?, answer: May to September
Detroit has a Mexican-American population. In the early 20th century thousands of Mexicans came to Detroit to work in agricultural, automotive, and steel jobs. During the Mexican Repatriation of the 1930s many Mexicans in Detroit were willingly repatriated or forced to repatriate. By the 1940s the Mexican community began to settle what is now Mexicantown. The population significantly increased in the 1990s due to immigration from Jalisco. In 2010 Detroit had 48,679 Hispanics, including 36,452 Mexicans. The number of Hispanics was a 70% increase from the number in 1990.

question: When did Mexicantown start to grow?, answer: 1940s | question: What was Detroit's 2010 Hispanic population?, answer: 48,679 | question: What was Detroit's 2010 Mexican population?, answer: 36,452 | question: What was it called when many Mexican's were forcibly repatriated?, answer: Mexican Repatriation of the 1930s
Detroit has four border crossings: the Ambassador Bridge and the Detroit–Windsor Tunnel provide motor vehicle thoroughfares, with the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel providing railroad access to and from Canada. The fourth border crossing is the Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry, located near the Windsor Salt Mine and Zug Island. Near Zug Island, the southwest part of the city was developed over a 1,500-acre (610 ha) salt mine that is 1,100 feet (340 m) below the surface. The Detroit Salt Company mine has over 100 miles (160 km) of roads within.

question: What company mines salt in Detroit?, answer: Detroit Salt Company | question: How many acres is the Windsor Salt Mine?, answer: 1,500 | question: How many routes to Canada does Detroit have?, answer: four | question: What is the railway tunnel to Canada called?, answer: Michigan Central Railway Tunnel | question: What it the Ferry to Canada called?, answer: Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry
Detroit has struggled with high crime for decades. Detroit held the title of murder capital between 1985-1987 with a murder rate around 58 per 100,000. Crime has since decreased and, in 2014, the murder rate was 43.4 per 100,000, lower than in St. Louis, Missouri. Although the murder rate increased by 6% during the first half of 2015, it was surpassed by St Louis and Baltimore which saw much greater spikes in violence. At year-end 2015, Detroit had 295 criminal homicides, down slightly from 299 in 2014.

question: What was Detroit's murder rate in 2014?, answer: 43.4 per 100,000 | question: What was Detroit's murder rate in the mid to late 80s?, answer: 58 per 100,000 | question: What city had a higher murder rate than Detroit in 2014?, answer: St. Louis | question: How many murders did Detroit have in 2014?, answer: 299 | question: How many murders did Detroit have in 2015?, answer: 295
Detroit is cited as the birthplace of techno music in the early 1980s. The city also lends its name to an early and pioneering genre of electronic dance music, "Detroit techno". Featuring science fiction imagery and robotic themes, its futuristic style was greatly influenced by the geography of Detroit's urban decline and its industrial past. Prominent Detroit techno artists include Juan Atkins, Derrick May, and Kevin Saunderson. The Detroit Electronic Music Festival, now known as "Movement", occurs annually in late May on Memorial Day Weekend, and takes place in Hart Plaza. In the early years (2000-2002), this was a landmark event, boasting over a million estimated attendees annually, coming from all over the world to celebrate Techno music in the city of its birth.

question: Techno started in which city?, answer: Detroit | question: What genre of music featured robotic themes?, answer: Detroit techno | question: What is the Detroit Electronic Music Festival known as?, answer: Movement | question: When does "Movement" occur?, answer: Memorial Day Weekend | question: Where does "Movement" take place?, answer: Hart Plaza