lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
During World War II, Japan used Korea's food, livestock, and metals for their war effort. Japanese forces in Korea increased from 46,000 soldiers in 1941 to 300,000 in 1945. Japanese Korea conscripted 2.6 million forced laborers controlled with a collaborationist Korean police force; some 723,000 people were sent to work in the overseas empire and in metropolitan Japan. By 1942, Korean men were being conscripted into the Imperial Japanese Army. By January 1945, Koreans made up 32% of Japan's labor force. At the end of the war, other world powers did not recognize Japanese rule in Korea and Taiwan.

question: How many Japanese forces were in Korea in 1945?, answer: 300,000 | question: Where were 723,000 Koreans sent to work?, answer: overseas empire and in metropolitan Japan | question: Who did Japan collaborate with to help control the citizens of Korea?, answer: Korean police force | question: By 1945, what percentage of Koreans made up the Japanese labor force?, answer: 32% | question: What army were Korean men conscripted into?, answer: Imperial Japanese Army
During World War II, Kansas was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission.

question: How many institutions participated in the V-12 program?, answer: 131 | question: What did the V-12 program provide to interested pupils?, answer: a path to a Navy commission | question: During what event did the V-12 program take place?, answer: World War II
During World War II, San Diego became a major hub of military and defense activity, due to the presence of so many military installations and defense manufacturers. The city's population grew rapidly during and after World War II, more than doubling between 1930 (147,995) and 1950 (333,865). During the final months of the war, the Japanese had a plan to target multiple U.S. cities for biological attack, starting with San Diego. The plan was called "Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night" and called for kamikaze planes filled with fleas infected with plague (Yersinia pestis) to crash into civilian population centers in the city, hoping to spread plague in the city and effectively kill tens of thousands of civilians. The plan was scheduled to launch on September 22, 1945, but was not carried out because Japan surrendered five weeks earlier.

question: When did San Diego's population grow so rapidly that it nearly doubled?, answer: during and after World War II | question: What was the name of the attack the Japanese had planned against San Diego?, answer: Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night | question: What were the Japanese originally going to drop on San Diego from their kamikaze planes?, answer: fleas infected with plague (Yersinia pestis) | question: Why didn't the Japanese launch their planned attack on September 22, 1945?, answer: Japan surrendered five weeks earlier | question: How many civilians were the Japanese hoping to kill during their planned attack on San Diego?, answer: tens of thousands of civilians
During World War II, a famous incident involving the German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee took place in Punta del Este, 200 kilometers (120 mi) from Montevideo. After the Battle of the River Plate with the Royal Navy and Royal New Zealand Navy on 13 December 1939, the Graf Spee retreated to Montevideo's port, which was considered neutral at the time. To avoid risking the crew in what he thought would be a losing battle, Captain Hans Langsdorff scuttled the ship on 17 December. Langsdorff committed suicide two days later.[citation needed] The eagle figurehead of the Graf Spee was salvaged on 10 February 2006; to protect the feelings of those still sensitive to Nazi Germany, the swastika on the figurehead was covered as it was pulled from the water.

question: Who was the Admiral of the German pocket ship?, answer: Admiral Graf Spee | question: Where did the famous incident involving the German pocket battleship take place in?, answer: Punta del Este | question: When year did the Battle of the River Plate take place?, answer: 13 December 1939
During World War II, detailed invasion plans were drawn up by the Germans, but Switzerland was never attacked. Switzerland was able to remain independent through a combination of military deterrence, concessions to Germany, and good fortune as larger events during the war delayed an invasion. Under General Henri Guisan central command, a general mobilisation of the armed forces was ordered. The Swiss military strategy was changed from one of static defence at the borders to protect the economic heartland, to one of organised long-term attrition and withdrawal to strong, well-stockpiled positions high in the Alps known as the Reduit. Switzerland was an important base for espionage by both sides in the conflict and often mediated communications between the Axis and Allied powers.

question: Though invasion plans were drawn up the the Germans, which war did Switzerland escape attack during?, answer: World War II | question: Who was the head of the Swiss central command during World War II?, answer: General Henri Guisan | question: What did General Henry Guisan order a general mobilisation of during World War II?, answer: armed forces | question: What was the original goal of the Swiss military strategy?, answer: protect the economic heartland | question: What were the Reduit?, answer: strong, well-stockpiled positions high in the Alps
During World War II, the British at Bletchley Park achieved a number of successes at breaking encrypted German military communications. The German encryption machine, Enigma, was first attacked with the help of the electro-mechanical bombes. To crack the more sophisticated German Lorenz SZ 40/42 machine, used for high-level Army communications, Max Newman and his colleagues commissioned Flowers to build the Colossus. He spent eleven months from early February 1943 designing and building the first Colossus. After a functional test in December 1943, Colossus was shipped to Bletchley Park, where it was delivered on 18 January 1944 and attacked its first message on 5 February.

question: Who built the first Colossus in 1943?, answer: Flowers | question: When was the Colossus sent to Bletchley Park?, answer: 18 January 1944 | question: Who achieved success at cracking secret German military communications during World War II?, answer: , the British | question: Where did the British crack secret German military communications during World War II?, answer: Bletchley Park
During World War II, the British destroyed the major government buildings, oil wells and mines for tungsten, tin, lead and silver to keep them from the Japanese. Myanmar was bombed extensively by both sides. After independence, the country was in ruins with its major infrastructure completely destroyed. After a parliamentary government was formed in 1948, Prime Minister U Nu embarked upon a policy of nationalisation and the state was declared the owner of all land. The government also tried to implement a poorly considered Eight-Year plan. By the 1950s, rice exports had fallen by two thirds and mineral exports by over 96% (as compared to the pre-World War II period). Plans were partly financed by printing money, which led to inflation.

question: How did world war two affect Burmese business and economy ?, answer: British destroyed the major government buildings, oil wells and mines for tungsten, tin, lead and silver to keep them from the Japanese. | question: How was the Burma framework affected by WWII ?, answer: the country was in ruins with its major infrastructure completely destroyed. | question: What lead to the architectural changes in Myanmar ?, answer: bombed extensively | question: Who was credited with changes that occurred to the interior due to the war's effects ?, answer: bombed extensively by both sides | question: When was Myanmar given sovereignty to rule it's own nation ?, answer: 1948, Prime Minister U Nu embarked upon a policy of nationalisation and the state was declared the owner of all land.
During World War II, the development of the anti-aircraft proximity fuse required an electronic circuit that could withstand being fired from a gun, and could be produced in quantity. The Centralab Division of Globe Union submitted a proposal which met the requirements: a ceramic plate would be screenprinted with metallic paint for conductors and carbon material for resistors, with ceramic disc capacitors and subminiature vacuum tubes soldered in place. The technique proved viable, and the resulting patent on the process, which was classified by the U.S. Army, was assigned to Globe Union. It was not until 1984 that the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) awarded Mr. Harry W. Rubinstein, the former head of Globe Union's Centralab Division, its coveted Cledo Brunetti Award for early key contributions to the development of printed components and conductors on a common insulating substrate. As well, Mr. Rubinstein was honored in 1984 by his alma mater, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, for his innovations in the technology of printed electronic circuits and the fabrication of capacitors.

question: What company developed the first electronic circuit that could be mass produced and was durable enough to be fired from a gun?, answer: Globe Union | question: Who was in charge of the Centralab Division of Globe Union when the PCB used in anti-aircraft fuses was invented?, answer: Harry W. Rubinstein | question: Where did Harry Rubinstein attend college?, answer: University of Wisconsin-Madison | question: What was the plate used for anti-aircraft proximity fuses in World War II made out of?, answer: ceramic | question: What award did Rubinstein win in 1984 for his contributions?, answer: Cledo Brunetti Award
During World War II, the islands were used as a top secret Royal Navy weather and radio station codenamed HMS Atlantic Isle, to monitor Nazi U-boats (which were required to maintain radio contact) and shipping movements in the South Atlantic Ocean. The first Administrator, Surgeon Lieutenant Commander E.J.S. Woolley, was appointed by the British government during this time.

question: During what war was the island used as a Royal Navy station?, answer: World War II | question: What was the islands codename during World War II?, answer: HMS Atlantic Isle | question: Who was the administrator during World War II for the island?, answer: Surgeon Lieutenant Commander E.J.S. Woolley
During World War II, the palace was bombed nine times, the most serious and publicised of which resulted in the destruction of the palace chapel in 1940. Coverage of this event was played in cinemas all over the UK to show the common suffering of rich and poor. One bomb fell in the palace quadrangle while King George VI and Queen Elizabeth were in residence, and many windows were blown in and the chapel destroyed. War-time coverage of such incidents was severely restricted, however. The King and Queen were filmed inspecting their bombed home, the smiling Queen, as always, immaculately dressed in a hat and matching coat seemingly unbothered by the damage around her. It was at this time the Queen famously declared: "I'm glad we have been bombed. Now I can look the East End in the face". The royal family were seen as sharing their subjects' hardship, as The Sunday Graphic reported:

question: How many times was the palace bombed in WWII?, answer: nine times | question: What was destroyed in 1940?, answer: the palace chapel | question: Which monarchs were in residence at Buckingham Palace during WWII?, answer: King George VI and Queen Elizabeth | question: The bombing of Buckingham Palace showed what to the public?, answer: the common suffering of rich and poor | question: What was destroyed in one of the bombing that hit the palace in WWII?, answer: the chapel | question: The King and Queen were filmed doing what after a bombing?, answer: inspecting their bombed home | question: The royal family was seen as sharing what with their subjects after the bombings?, answer: their subjects' hardship
During World War II, when Denmark was occupied by Nazi Germany, the United States briefly controlled Greenland for battlefields and protection. In 1946, the United States offered to buy Greenland from Denmark for $100 million ($1.2 billion today) but Denmark refused to sell it. Several politicians and others have in recent years argued that Greenland could hypothetically be in a better financial situation as a part of the United States; for instance mentioned by professor Gudmundur Alfredsson at University of Akureyri in 2014. One of the actual reasons behind US interest in Greenland could be the vast natural resources of the island. According to Wikileaks, the U.S. appears to be highly interested in investing in the resource base of the island and in tapping the vast expected hydrocarbons off the Greenlandic coast.

question: When did the US control Greenland?, answer: when Denmark was occupied by Nazi Germany | question: How much did the US offer to pay for Greenland?, answer: $100 million | question: What university is professor Gudmundur Alfredssson from?, answer: University of Akureyri | question: What is one reason the US would be interested in Greenland?, answer: the vast expected hydrocarbons off the Greenlandic coast.
During a 10-day run in Oklahoma City, the State Fair of Oklahoma attracts roughly one million people along with the annual Festival of the Arts. Large national pow-wows, various Latin and Asian heritage festivals, and cultural festivals such as the Juneteenth celebrations are held in Oklahoma City each year. The Tulsa State Fair attracts over one million people during its 10-day run, and the city's Mayfest festival entertained more than 375,000 people in four days during 2007. In 2006, Tulsa's Oktoberfest was named one of the top 10 in the world by USA Today and one of the top German food festivals in the nation by Bon Appetit magazine.

question: How long is the State Fair of Oklahoma?, answer: 10-day | question: Where is the State Fair of Oklahoma?, answer: Oklahoma City | question: How many people attend the State Fair of Oklahoma each year?, answer: roughly one million | question: How long is the Tulsa State Fair?, answer: 10-day | question: How many people attend the Tulsa State Fair each year?, answer: over one million
During a deposition filed for the 1887 trial, Italian inventor Antonio Meucci also claimed to have created the first working model of a telephone in Italy in 1834. In 1886, in the first of three cases in which he was involved, Meucci took the stand as a witness in the hopes of establishing his invention's priority. Meucci's evidence in this case was disputed due to a lack of material evidence for his inventions as his working models were purportedly lost at the laboratory of American District Telegraph (ADT) of New York, which was later incorporated as a subsidiary of Western Union in 1901. Meucci's work, like many other inventors of the period, was based on earlier acoustic principles and despite evidence of earlier experiments, the final case involving Meucci was eventually dropped upon Meucci's death. However, due to the efforts of Congressman Vito Fossella, the U.S. House of Representatives on June 11, 2002 stated that Meucci's "work in the invention of the telephone should be acknowledged", even though this did not put an end to a still contentious issue.[N 17] Some modern scholars do not agree with the claims that Bell's work on the telephone was influenced by Meucci's inventions.[N 18]

question: Who claimed to have invented the in 1834?, answer: Antonio Meucci | question: How many court trials did Meucci participate in?, answer: 3 | question: At what company were Meucci's prototypes supposedly lost?, answer: American District Telegraph (ADT) | question: In what year did Western Union absorb ADT?, answer: 1901 | question: What event caused Meucci's trials to be dropped?, answer: death
During a panel discussion at Harvard University's reunion for African American alumni during the 2003–04 academic year, two prominent black professors at the institution—Lani Guinier and Henry Louis Gates—pointed out an unintended effect of affirmative action policies at Harvard. They stated that only about a third of black Harvard undergraduates were from families in which all four grandparents were born into the African American community. The majority of black students at Harvard were Caribbean and African immigrants or their children, with some others the mixed-race children of biracial couples. One Harvard student, born in the South Bronx to a black family whose ancestors have been in the United States for multiple generations, said that there were so few Harvard students from the historic African American community that they took to calling themselves "the descendants" (i.e., descendants of American slaves). The reasons for this underrepresentation of historic African Americans, and possible remedies, remain a subject of debate.

question: What was going on at Harvard University during the 2003 - 04 academic year?, answer: a panel discussion | question: What did two prominent black professors point out at the panel discussion?, answer: an unintended effect of affirmative action policies at Harvard | question: What portion of black Harvard undergraduates came from families in which all four grandparents were born into the African American community?, answer: a third | question: What did the African American students at Harvard that could trace their lineage back multiple generations begin calling themselves?, answer: the descendants | question: Other than the reasons for the under representation of African Americans, what else is still up for debate?, answer: possible remedies
During a reannexation by Germany (1940–1945), High German was reinstated as the language of education. The population was forced to speak German and 'French' family names were Germanized. Following the Second World War, the 1927 regulation was not reinstated and the teaching of German in primary schools was suspended by a provisional rectorial decree, which was supposed to enable French to regain lost ground. The teaching of German became a major issue, however, as early as 1946. Following World War II, the French government pursued, in line with its traditional language policy, a campaign to suppress the use of German as part of a wider Francization campaign.

question: Between what time period did the reannexation of Germany occur?, answer: 1940–1945 | question: What were French families forced to do during the German reannexation?, answer: names were Germanized. | question: When did the suspension of German teaching in schools happen?, answer: 1927
During a visit in 1885 English journalist George Augustus Henry Sala coined the phrase "Marvellous Melbourne", which stuck long into the twentieth century and is still used today by Melburnians. Growing building activity culminated in a "land boom" which, in 1888, reached a peak of speculative development fuelled by consumer confidence and escalating land value. As a result of the boom, large commercial buildings, coffee palaces, terrace housing and palatial mansions proliferated in the city. The establishment of a hydraulic facility in 1887 allowed for the local manufacture of elevators, resulting in the first construction of high-rise buildings; most notably the APA Building, amongst the world's tallest commercial buildings upon completion in 1889. This period also saw the expansion of a major radial rail-based transport network.

question: Which phrase was coined by George Augustus Henry Sala during a visit to Melbourne in 1885?, answer: Marvellous Melbourne | question: In what year did the land boom reach its peak of development?, answer: 1888 | question: In what year was a hydraulic facility established?, answer: 1887 | question: In what year was the APA Building completed?, answer: 1889 | question: What did Melbourne's hydraulic facilities help create that spurred high-rise developments?, answer: elevators
During adolescence, the human body undergoes various physical, physiological and immunological changes triggered and mediated by hormones, of which the most significant in females is 17-β-oestradiol (an oestrogen) and, in males, is testosterone. Oestradiol usually begins to act around the age of 10 and testosterone some months later. There is evidence that these steroids act directly not only on the primary and secondary sexual characteristics but also have an effect on the development and regulation of the immune system, including an increased risk in developing pubescent and post-pubescent autoimmunity. There is also some evidence that cell surface receptors on B cells and macrophages may detect sex hormones in the system.

question: What is the primary trigger for immunological changes in teens?, answer: hormones | question: What specific hormone catalyzes these changes in females?, answer: 17-β-oestradiol (an oestrogen) | question: Which specific hormone precipitates the change in immunology in males?, answer: testosterone | question: Adolescent immunological changes can also result in what?, answer: increased risk in developing pubescent and post-pubescent autoimmunity | question: Evidence suggests that receptors on B cells may do what?, answer: detect sex hormones in the system
During and after the Greek War of Independence, Greeks of the diaspora were important in establishing the fledgling state, raising funds and awareness abroad. Greek merchant families already had contacts in other countries and during the disturbances many set up home around the Mediterranean (notably Marseilles in France, Livorno in Italy, Alexandria in Egypt), Russia (Odessa and Saint Petersburg), and Britain (London and Liverpool) from where they traded, typically in textiles and grain. Businesses frequently comprised the extended family, and with them they brought schools teaching Greek and the Greek Orthodox Church.

question: After freedom was won by the Greeks who was of import to forming the rules ?, answer: Greek War of Independence, Greeks of the diaspora were important in establishing the fledgling state | question: What did they do that contributed to the Greek's success of establishment?, answer: important in establishing the fledgling state, raising funds and awareness abroad | question: Who already had contact over a network of countries ready to offer assistance to the Greeks ?, answer: Greek merchant families already had contacts in other countries | question: What countries did they settle in ?, answer: Marseilles in France, Livorno in Italy, Alexandria in Egypt), Russia (Odessa and Saint Petersburg), and Britain (London and Liverpool) | question: How were these relationships with the other countries most likely established ?, answer: from where they traded, typically in textiles and grain.
During childhood, siblings are a source of conflict and frustration as well as a support system. Adolescence may affect this relationship differently, depending on sibling gender. In same-sex sibling pairs, intimacy increases during early adolescence, then remains stable. Mixed-sex siblings pairs act differently; siblings drift apart during early adolescent years, but experience an increase in intimacy starting at middle adolescence. Sibling interactions are children's first relational experiences, the ones that shape their social and self-understanding for life. Sustaining positive sibling relations can assist adolescents in a number of ways. Siblings are able to act as peers, and may increase one another's sociability and feelings of self-worth. Older siblings can give guidance to younger siblings, although the impact of this can be either positive or negative depending on the activity of the older sibling.

question: Does intimacy between same-sex siblings increase or decrease during adolescence?, answer: increases | question: When siblings act as peers, what positive effects are possible?, answer: increase one another's sociability and feelings of self-worth | question: At what stage to mixed-sex siblings generally experience an increase in intimacy?, answer: middle adolescence