lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In Georgia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 130,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1.7 million active speakers. 27% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 1% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. Russian is the language of 9% of the population according to the World Factook. Ethnologue cites Russian as the country's de facto working language.

question: How many Georgians speak Russian actively?, answer: 1.7 million | question: What convention recognizes Russian in Georgia?, answer: Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities | question: How many Georgians speak Russian natively?, answer: 130,000 | question: What percent of Georgia is fluent in Russian?, answer: 27% | question: What percent of Georgia use Russian as their main language?, answer: 1%
In Germany, groups such as Einstürzende Neubauten developed a unique style of industrial music, utilizing avant-garde noise, homemade instruments and found objects. Members of that group would later go on to collaborate with members of the Birthday Party. In Brazil, the post-punk scene grew after the generation of Brasilia rock with bands such as Legião Urbana, Capital Inicial and Plebe Rude and then the opening of the music club Madame Satã in São Paulo, with acts like Cabine C, Titãs, Patife Band, Fellini and Mercenárias, as documented on compilations like The Sexual Life of the Savages and the Não Wave/Não São Paulo series, released in the UK, Germany and Brazil, respectively.[citation needed]

question: Where did some groups develop a unique style of industrial music?, answer: Germany | question: What type of music included noise, homemade instruments, and randomly found objects?, answer: industrial | question: What country had a post-punk scene after a generation of rock?, answer: Brazil | question: What type of album was The Sexual Life of the Savages?, answer: compilations | question: What countries other than Brazil was Brazil's no wave music exported to?, answer: UK, Germany | question: What type of music was associated with Einstürzende Neubauten?, answer: industrial | question: Where was Einstürzende Neubauten from?, answer: Germany | question: How did Einstürzende Neubauten come up with their new industrial sound?, answer: avant-garde noise, homemade instruments and found objects | question: Who did members of Einstürzende Neubauten also collaborate with?, answer: the Birthday Party | question: Where was Madame Satã?, answer: Brazil
In Germany, practical reference works intended for the uneducated majority became popular in the 18th century. The Marperger Curieuses Natur-, Kunst-, Berg-, Gewerkund Handlungs-Lexicon (1712) explained terms that usefully described the trades and scientific and commercial education. Jablonksi Allgemeines Lexicon (1721) was better known than the Handlungs-Lexicon, and underscored technical subjects rather than scientific theory. For example, over five columns of text were dedicated to wine, while geometry and logic were allocated only twenty-two and seventeen lines, respectively. The first edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1771) was modelled along the same lines as the German lexicons.

question: Which work published in 1712 explained terms that usefully described the trades and scientific and commercial education?, answer: The Marperger Curieuses Natur-, Kunst-, Berg-, Gewerkund Handlungs-Lexicon | question: In the Jablonski Allgemeines Lexicon (1721) how many colums of text were dedicated to wine?, answer: over five | question: Was the Jablonski Allgemeines Lexicon (1721) more dedicated to technical subjects or scientific theory?, answer: technical subjects | question: In what year was the first edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica published?, answer: 1771 | question: The Encyclopaedia Britannica was modelled along the same lines as a work from which country?, answer: Germany
In Greece Carnival is also known as the Apokriés (Greek: Αποκριές, "saying goodbye to meat"), or the season of the "Opening of the Triodion", so named after the liturgical book used by the church from then until Holy Week. One of the season's high points is Tsiknopempti, when celebrants enjoy roast beef dinners; the ritual is repeated the following Sunday. The following week, the last before Lent, is called Tyrinē (Greek: Τυρινή, "cheese [week]") because meat is forbidden, although dairy products are not. Lent begins on "Clean Monday", the day after "Cheese Sunday". Throughout the Carnival season, people disguise themselves as maskarádes ("masqueraders") and engage in pranks and revelry.

question: What is the Greece Carnival also called?, answer: the Apokriés | question: What does the Opening of the Triodion derive from?, answer: the liturgical book used by the church | question: What is one of the festival season's high points?, answer: Tsiknopempti | question: What types of dinners do people enjoy during the season's high point?, answer: roast beef | question: What do people engage in after they've disguised themselves?, answer: pranks and revelry
In Greece, copper was known by the name chalkos (χαλκός). It was an important resource for the Romans, Greeks and other ancient peoples. In Roman times, it was known as aes Cyprium, aes being the generic Latin term for copper alloys and Cyprium from Cyprus, where much copper was mined. The phrase was simplified to cuprum, hence the English copper. Aphrodite and Venus represented copper in mythology and alchemy, because of its lustrous beauty, its ancient use in producing mirrors, and its association with Cyprus, which was sacred to the goddess. The seven heavenly bodies known to the ancients were associated with the seven metals known in antiquity, and Venus was assigned to copper.

question: What was copper called in Greece?, answer: chalkos | question: In what area was copper first mined?, answer: Cyprus | question: What is the Greek goddess that symbolizes copper?, answer: Aphrodite | question: What is the Roman goddess that symbolizes copper?, answer: Venus | question: What property does copper have that links it to Aphrodite and Venus?, answer: lustrous beauty
In Han government, the emperor was the supreme judge and lawgiver, the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and sole designator of official nominees appointed to the top posts in central and local administrations; those who earned a 600-dan salary-rank or higher. Theoretically, there were no limits to his power. However, state organs with competing interests and institutions such as the court conference (tingyi 廷議)—where ministers were convened to reach majority consensus on an issue—pressured the emperor to accept the advice of his ministers on policy decisions. If the emperor rejected a court conference decision, he risked alienating his high ministers. Nevertheless, emperors sometimes did reject the majority opinion reached at court conferences.

question: Who was responsible for nominations of local administrators in the government?, answer: the emperor | question: Was the emperor able to reject an opinion that was made by the court conference?, answer: sometimes did reject the majority opinion | question: What did the emperor risk if he did not accept the decisions of the court conference?, answer: alienating his high ministers | question: Who often placed pressure on the emperor in regards to local policies?, answer: court conference | question: Who was considered to be the supreme judge in Han government?, answer: the emperor
In Hellenistic Egypt, the mathematician Euclid laid down the foundations of mathematical rigor and introduced the concepts of definition, axiom, theorem and proof still in use today in his Elements, considered the most influential textbook ever written. Archimedes, considered one of the greatest mathematicians of all time, is credited with using the method of exhaustion to calculate the area under the arc of a parabola with the summation of an infinite series, and gave a remarkably accurate approximation of Pi. He is also known in physics for laying the foundations of hydrostatics, statics, and the explanation of the principle of the lever.

question: Who wrote the book Elements?, answer: Euclid | question: What was contained within the book Elements?, answer: the foundations of mathematical rigor | question: Who was able to determine the the area under a parabola?, answer: Archimedes | question: What method did Archimedes employ to determine the area under a parabola?, answer: exhaustion | question: Which mathematical figure did Archimedes approximate?, answer: Pi
In Hellenistic times, especially during the 3rd century BCE, as Apollo Helios he became identified among Greeks with Helios, Titan god of the sun, and his sister Artemis similarly equated with Selene, Titan goddess of the moon. In Latin texts, on the other hand, Joseph Fontenrose declared himself unable to find any conflation of Apollo with Sol among the Augustan poets of the 1st century, not even in the conjurations of Aeneas and Latinus in Aeneid XII (161–215). Apollo and Helios/Sol remained separate beings in literary and mythological texts until the 3rd century CE.

question: Who was the Titan goddess of the moon?, answer: Selene | question: In Hellenestic times, Greeks identified Apollo Helios as what name?, answer: Helios | question: What was the name of Apollo's sister?, answer: Artemis
In Homer's Iliad, the names Danaans (or Danaoi: Δαναοί) and Argives (Argives: Αργείοι) are used to designate the Greek forces opposed to the Trojans. The myth of Danaus, whose origin is Egypt, is a foundation legend of Argos. His daughters Danaides, were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bottom. This myth is connected with a task that can never be fulfilled (Sisyphos) and the name can be derived from the PIE root *danu: "river". There is not any satisfactory theory on their origin. Some scholars connect Danaans with the Denyen, one of the groups of the sea peoples who attacked Egypt during the reign of Ramesses III (1187-1156 BCE). The same inscription mentions the Weshesh who might have been the Achaeans. The Denyen seem to have been inhabitants of the city Adana in Cilicia. Pottery similar to that of Mycenae itself has been found in Tarsus of Cilicia and it seems that some refugees from the Aegean went there after the collapse of the Mycenean civilization. These Cilicians seem to have been called Dananiyim, the same word as Danaoi who attacked Egypt in 1191 BC along with the Quaouash (or Weshesh) who may be Achaeans. They were also called Danuna according to a Hittite inscription and the same name is mentioned in the Amarna letters. Julius Pokorny reconstructs the name from the PIE root da:-: "flow, river", da:-nu: "any moving liquid, drops", da: navo "people living by the river, Skyth. nomadic people (in Rigveda water-demons, fem.Da:nu primordial goddess), in Greek Danaoi, Egypt. Danuna". It is also possible that the name Danaans is pre-Greek. A country Danaja with a city Mukana (propaply: Mycenea) is mentioned in inscriptions from Egypt from Amenophis III (1390-1352 BC), Thutmosis III (1437 BC).

question: In Homer's poems who were the Greeks at odds with ?, answer: Trojans | question: From where did the basis of the Argos tales originate ?, answer: Egypt | question: What did the female descendants of Argos have to accomplish ?, answer: His daughters Danaides, were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bottom | question: What community did the Denyen live in ?, answer: Denyen | question: What country is spoken of in the inscriptions of a country in Northern Africa from 1390-1352 BC ?, answer: A country Danaja with a city Mukana (propaply: Mycenea) is mentioned in inscriptions from Egypt
In Hong Kong, the Supreme Court of Hong Kong (now known as the High Court of Hong Kong) was the final court of appeal during its colonial times which ended with transfer of sovereignty in 1997. The final adjudication power, as in any other British Colonies, rested with the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) in London, United Kingdom. Now the power of final adjudication is vested in the Court of Final Appeal created in 1997. Under the Basic Law, its constitution, the territory remains a common law jurisdiction. Consequently, judges from other common law jurisdictions (including England and Wales) can be recruited and continue to serve in the judiciary according to Article 92 of the Basic Law. On the other hand, the power of interpretation of the Basic Law itself is vested in the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC) in Beijing (without retroactive effect), and the courts are authorised to interpret the Basic Law when trying cases, in accordance with Article 158 of the Basic Law. This arrangement became controversial in light of the right of abode issue in 1999, raising concerns for judicial independence.

question: When did Britain formally surrender sovreignty over Hong Kong?, answer: 1997 | question: When Hong Kong was a colony of Great Britain, which body was the highest court of appeal?, answer: the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) | question: Where is the JCPC located?, answer: London, United Kingdom | question: When was the Court of Final Appeal established?, answer: 1997 | question: The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is seated in what city?, answer: Beijing
In Iberia, the Christian states, which had been confined to the north-western part of the peninsula, began to push back against the Islamic states in the south, a period known as the Reconquista. By about 1150, the Christian north had coalesced into the five major kingdoms of León, Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Portugal. Southern Iberia remained under control of Islamic states, initially under the Caliphate of Córdoba, which broke up in 1031 into a shifting number of petty states known as taifas, who fought with the Christians until the Almohad Caliphate re-established centralised rule over Southern Iberia in the 1170s. Christian forces advanced again in the early 13th century, culminating in the capture of Seville in 1248.

question: What was the name of the Christian reconquest of Iberia from the Muslims?, answer: the Reconquista | question: How many major Christian kingdoms existed in Iberia around 1150?, answer: five | question: Along with León, Portugal, Aragon and Castile, what major Christian kingdom existed in Iberia around 1150?, answer: Navarre | question: What Islamic state controlled southern Iberia until 1031?, answer: the Caliphate of Córdoba | question: What Islamic state controlled southern Iberia in the 1170s?, answer: the Almohad Caliphate
In India the majority of these schools follow the Hanafi school of thought. The religious establishment forms part of the mainly two large divisions within the country, namely the Deobandis, who dominate in numbers (of whom the Darul Uloom Deoband constitutes one of the biggest madaris) and the Barelvis, who also make up a sizeable portion (Sufi-oriented). Some notable establishments include: Al Jamiatul Ashrafia, Mubarakpur, Manzar Islam Bareilly, Jamia Nizamdina New Delhi, Jamia Nayeemia Muradabad which is one of the largest learning centres for the Barelvis. The HR[clarification needed] ministry of the government of India has recently[when?] declared that a Central Madrasa Board would be set up. This will enhance the education system of madaris in India. Though the madaris impart Quranic education mainly, efforts are on to include Mathematics, Computers and science in the curriculum. In July 2015, the state government of Maharashtra created a stir de-recognised madrasa education, receiving critisicm from several political parties with the NCP accusing the ruling BJP of creating Hindu-Muslim friction in the state, and Kamal Farooqui of the All India Muslim Personal Law Board saying it was "ill-designed"

question: What group makes up a larger percentage of people in India?, answer: Deobandis | question: What problems are arising due to the political conflicts over schools?, answer: Hindu-Muslim friction | question: What is the largest school for Barelvis people in India?, answer: Jamia Nayeemia Muradabad | question: What disciplines does India want to introduce to madaris?, answer: Mathematics, Computers and science | question: In what year did the Indian government begin to stop recognizing madaris as schools?, answer: 2015
In India, Carnival is celebrated only in the state of Goa and a Roman Catholic tradition, where it is known as Intruz which means swindler while Entrudo, the appropriate word in Portuguese for Carnival. The largest celebration takes place in the city of Panjim which was part of Velha Conquista, Goa, but now is celebrate throughout the state. The tradition was introduced by the Portuguese who ruled Goa for over four centuries. On Tuesday preceding Ash Wednesday, the European Tradition of Fat Tuesday is celebrated with the partaking of eating of crepes also called as "AleBelle." The crepes are filled with freshly grated coconut and heat condensed coconut sap that sequentially converts it into a brown sweet molasses and additional heat concentration solidifies it to jaggery. The celebrations of Carnival peak for three days and nights and precede Ash Wednesday. When the legendary King Momo takes over the state. All-night parades occur throughout the state with bands, dances and floats and grand balls are held in the evenings.

question: What is the only state in India in which Carnival is celebrated?, answer: Goa | question: What does the Indian word "Intruz" mean?, answer: swindler | question: The largest Carnival celebration takes place in which city?, answer: Panjim | question: What is eaten on Fat Tuesday to partake in the celebration?, answer: crepes | question: What legendary king eventually takes over the state?, answer: Momo
In India, the British retained the Northern Circars, but returned all the French trading ports. The treaty, however, required that the fortifications of these settlements be destroyed and never rebuilt, while only minimal garrisons could be maintained there, thus rendering them worthless as military bases. Combined with the loss of France's ally in Bengal and the defection of Hyderabad to the British as a result of the war, this effectively brought French power in India to an end, making way for British hegemony and eventual control of the subcontinent.

question: What did France retain in India?, answer: returned all the French trading ports | question: How were the French settlements changed to eliminate their military usefulness?, answer: treaty, however, required that the fortifications of these settlements be destroyed and never rebuilt | question: What French ally in the area abandoned the French?, answer: loss of France's ally in Bengal | question: What happened to French power in the area?, answer: this effectively brought French power in India to an end | question: Who defected to the British?, answer: the defection of Hyderabad to the British
In India, the Supreme Court of India was created on January 28, 1950 after adoption of the Constitution. Article 141 of the Constitution of India states that the law declared by Supreme Court is to be binding on all Courts within the territory of India. It is the highest court in India and has ultimate judicial authority to interpret the Constitution and decide questions of national law (including local bylaws). The Supreme Court is also vested with the power of judicial review to ensure the application of the rule of law.

question: On what date was India's Supreme Court established?, answer: January 28, 1950 | question: What article of India's Constitution makes decisions by their Supreme Court binding on lower courts?, answer: Article 141 | question: India's Supreme Court has ultimate power to determine interpretations of what?, answer: the Constitution | question: When the Supreme Court ensures that lower courts have properly applied the law it is called what?, answer: judicial review | question: In addition to national laws, India's Supreme Court may also interpret what regulations?, answer: local bylaws
In India, the legislation subjects are divided into 3 lists -Union List, State List and Concurrent List . In the normal legislation process, the subjects in Union list can only be legislated upon by central legislative body called Parliament of India, for subjects in state list only respective state legislature can legislate. While for Concurrent subjects, both center and state can make laws. But to implement international treaties, Parliament can legislate on any subject overriding the general division of subject lists.

question: Into what 3 lists are legislation subjects divided in India?, answer: Union List, State List and Concurrent List | question: What type of legislative subjects can both the central legislative body and state legislatures make laws?, answer: Concurrent subjects | question: What is the central legislative body in India?, answer: Parliament of India | question: In order to implement international treaties, for what subjects can the Parliament of India legislate to override the general division of subject lists?, answer: any subject | question: What subjects can only be legislated by the central legislative body in India?, answer: the subjects in Union list
In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950. Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciary may have to exercise judicial review. According to Indian journalist Harish Khare, "The rule of law or rather the Constitution [is] in danger of being supplanted by the rule of judges."

question: What country has the longest version of a constitution?, answer: India | question: In what year was India's constitution drafted?, answer: 1950 | question: What country has the longest Constitution?, answer: India | question: In Thailand, the length of the constitution impacts the judges chances to exercise what?, answer: judicial review | question: What is in position to gain control over the rule of law in Thailand?, answer: rule of judges
In Indian philosophy, Yoga is among other things, the name of one of the six āstika philosophical schools. The Yoga philosophical system is closely allied with the dualism premises of Samkhya school. The Yoga school accepts the Samkhya psychology and metaphysics, but is considered theistic because it accepts the concept of "personal god", unlike Samkhya. The epistemology of the Yoga school, like the Sāmkhya school, relies on three of six prāmaṇas as the means of gaining reliable knowledge: pratyakṣa (perception), anumāṇa (inference) and śabda (āptavacana, word/testimony of reliable sources).

question: Of what is yoga a part in Indian philosophy?, answer: philosophical schools | question: To what school of Hindu philosophy is yoga aligned?, answer: Samkhya | question: What concept does yoga accept the differentiates it from Samkhya?, answer: personal god | question: How many of the six pramanas does yoga accept?, answer: three | question: Unlike other schools of Samkhya, what attitude makes yoga different?, answer: theistic