lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In December 2009, then Indian Navy chief Admiral Nirmal Kumar Verma said at his maiden navy week press conference that concepts currently being examined by the Directorate of Naval Design for the second indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC-2), are for a conventionally powered carrier displacing over 50,000 tons and equipped with steam catapults (rather than the ski-jump on the Gorshkov/Vikramaditya and the IAC) to launch fourth-generation aircraft. Later on in August 2013 Vice Admiral RK Dhowan, while talking about the detailed study underway on the IAC-II project, said that nuclear propulsion was also being considered. The navy also evaluated the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS), which is being used by the US Navy in their latest Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carriers. General Atomics, the developer of the EMALS, was cleared by the US government to give a technical demonstration to Indian Navy officers, who were impressed by the new capabilities of the system. The EMALS enables launching varied aircraft including unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV). The aim is to have a total of three aircraft carriers in service, with two fully operational carriers and the third in refit.

question: What does EMALS stand for?, answer: Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System | question: Who developed EMALS?, answer: General Atomics | question: What do EMALS enable the launching of?, answer: varied aircraft including unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) | question: Who was impressed by the demonstration of EMALS by General Atomics?, answer: Indian Navy officers | question: How many in-service aircraft carriers are aimed for with EMALS?, answer: three
In December 2011, Xinhua stated that "[t]he basic structure of the Beidou system has now been established, and engineers are now conducting comprehensive system test and evaluation. The system will provide test-run services of positioning, navigation and time for China and the neighboring areas before the end of this year, according to the authorities." The system became operational in the China region that same month. The global navigation system should be finished by 2020. As of December 2012, 16 satellites for BeiDou-2 have been launched, 14 of them are in service.

question: When did the Beidou system begin operating in China?, answer: December 2011 | question: When is it projected that the global navigation system will be finished?, answer: by 2020 | question: As of December 2012, how many satellites had been launched for the BeiDou-2 system?, answer: 16 | question: Of the 16 satellites launched for the BeiDou-2 system, how many are operational?, answer: 14
In December 2011, the system went into operation on a trial basis. It has started providing navigation, positioning and timing data to China and the neighbouring area for free from 27 December. During this trial run, Compass will offer positioning accuracy to within 25 meters, but the precision will improve as more satellites are launched. Upon the system's official launch, it pledged to offer general users positioning information accurate to the nearest 10 m, measure speeds within 0.2 m per second, and provide signals for clock synchronisation accurate to 0.02 microseconds.

question: When did the Compass system begin operation on a trial bases?, answer: December 2011 | question: When did the Compass system begin offering navigation, positioning and timing data to China and nearby locations?, answer: 27 December | question: What will improve the positioning accuracy of the Compass system?, answer: as more satellites are launched | question: Upon launching, the Compass system, what was the location accuracy promised to users?, answer: accurate to the nearest 10 m | question: Upon launching, the Compass system, what was the speed promised to users?, answer: within 0.2 m per second
In December 2012, Hormuud Telecom launched its Tri-Band 3G service for internet and mobile clients. The first of its kind in the country, this third generation mobile telecommunications technology offers users a faster and more secure connection.

question: Hormuud Telecom launched what service in 2012?, answer: Tri-Band 3G | question: Who was the 3G service for?, answer: internet and mobile clients | question: what type of connection was the first of its kind in Somalia?, answer: Tri-Band 3G | question: What type of connection does Tri-Band 3G offer its customers?, answer: faster and more secure | question: what does 3G stand for?, answer: third generation
In December 2013, Vatican officials approved a supposed miracle that was attributed to the intercession of the late pontiff which was the curing of an unborn child in California, U.S.A in the 1990s. It was expected that Pope Francis would approve the miracle in the near future, thus, warranting the beatification of the late pontiff. In February 2014, it was reported that the consulting Vatican theologians to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints recognized the miracle attributed to the late pontiff.

question: According to the Vatican who could the healing of an unborn child be attributed to in the 1990's?, answer: pontiff | question: Who approved the miracle of Paul VI?, answer: Pope Francis | question: What group was responsible for recognizing Paul Vi's miracle?, answer: Congregation for the Causes of Saints | question: What is the process called that acknowledges sainthood?, answer: beatification
In December 2014, Myanmar signed an agreement to set up its first stock exchange. The Yangon Stock Exchange Joint Venture Co. Ltd will be set up with Myanma Economic Bank sharing 51 percent, Japan's Daiwa Institute of Research Ltd 30.25 percent and Japan Exchange Group 18.75 percent. The Yangon Stock Exchange (YSX) officially opened for business on Friday, March 25, 2016. First Myanmar Investment Co., Ltd. (FMI) became the first stock to be traded after receiving approval for an opening price of 26,000 kyats ($22).

question: What occurred in the winter of 2014 of significance for Myanmar ?, answer: December 2014, Myanmar signed an agreement to set up its first stock exchange | question: What is the name of the business that first rang a bell to begin in the winter of 2014 in Myanmar ?, answer: Yangon Stock Exchange Joint Venture Co. Ltd | question: W is set to to be the major stock holder of the business that first rang a bell to begin in the winter of 2014 in Myanmar ?, answer: Myanma Economic Bank sharing 51 percent | question: Did other countries actively participate in business that first rang a bell to begin in the winter of 2014 in Myanmar ?, answer: Japan's Daiwa Institute of Research Ltd 30.25 percent and Japan Exchange Group 18.75 percent. | question: What day did the business that first rang a bell to begin in the winter of 2014 in Myanmar open its doors to customers?, answer: Yangon Stock Exchange (YSX) officially opened for business on Friday, March 25, 2016.
In Denmark you find three department store chains: Magasin (1868), Illum (1891), Salling (1906). Magasin is by far the largest with 6 stores all over the country, with the flagship store being Magasin du Nord on Kongens Nytorv in Copenhagen. Illums only store on Amagertorv in Copenhagen has the appearance of a department store with 20% run by Magasin, but has individual shop owners making it a shopping centre. But in people's mind it remains a department store. Salling has two stores in Jutland with one of these being the reason for the closure of a magasin store due to the competition.

question: What are the 3 main department store companies in Denmark?, answer: Magasin (1868), Illum (1891), Salling (1906). | question: Currently, what is the largest department store chain in Denmark?, answer: Magasin | question: Where is Magasin's "flagship" store located?, answer: Kongens Nytorv in Copenhagen | question: How many stores does Salling have in Jutland?, answer: two
In Denmark—a country, like Britain, with a long tradition of brewing—a number of pubs have opened which eschew "theming", and which instead focus on the business of providing carefully conditioned beer, often independent of any particular brewery or chain, in an environment which would not be unfamiliar to a British pub-goer. Some import British cask ale, rather than beer in kegs, to provide the full British real ale experience to their customers. This newly established Danish interest in British cask beer and the British pub tradition is reflected by the fact that some 56 British cask beers were available at the 2008 European Beer Festival in Copenhagen, which was attended by more than 20,000 people.

question: What continental European country has pubs that would be familiar to a Briton?, answer: Denmark | question: How many British cask beers were present at the 2008 European Beer Festival?, answer: 56 | question: In what city did the 2008 European Beer Festival take place?, answer: Copenhagen | question: About how many people visited the 2008 European Beer Festival?, answer: 20,000
In Du "Cubisme" Metzinger and Gleizes explicitly related the sense of time to multiple perspective, giving symbolic expression to the notion of ‘duration’ proposed by the philosopher Henri Bergson according to which life is subjectively experienced as a continuum, with the past flowing into the present and the present merging into the future. The Salon Cubists used the faceted treatment of solid and space and effects of multiple viewpoints to convey a physical and psychological sense of the fluidity of consciousness, blurring the distinctions between past, present and future. One of the major theoretical innovations made by the Salon Cubists, independently of Picasso and Braque, was that of simultaneity, drawing to greater or lesser extent on theories of Henri Poincaré, Ernst Mach, Charles Henry, Maurice Princet, and Henri Bergson. With simultaneity, the concept of separate spatial and temporal dimensions was comprehensively challenged. Linear perspective developed during the Renaissance was vacated. The subject matter was no longer considered from a specific point of view at a moment in time, but built following a selection of successive viewpoints, i.e., as if viewed simultaneously from numerous angles (and in multiple dimensions) with the eye free to roam from one to the other.

question: In Du Cubisme who so Metzinger and Gleizes relate the sense of time to?, answer: Henri Bergson | question: The Cubist used what kind of treatment of space and time?, answer: The Salon Cubists
In Dutch itself, Diets went out of common use - although Platdiets is still used for the transitional Limburgish-Ripuarian dialects in the north-east of Belgium. Nederlands, the official Dutch word for "Dutch", did not become firmly established until the 19th century. This designation had been in use as far back as the end of the 15th century, but received competition from the more popular terminology Nederduits, "Low Dutch", for several reasons. One of them was it reflected a distinction with Hoogduits, "High Dutch", meaning the language spoken in Germany. The Hoog was later dropped, and thus, Duits narrowed down in meaning to refer to the German language.

question: Dutch people didn't have an officially established word for the "Dutch" language until what century?, answer: 19th | question: What word meaning "Low Dutch" was sometimes used to distinguish Dutch from Germany's language?, answer: Nederduits | question: Instead of "German," what word used to refer to the language of the country of Germany?, answer: Hoogduits | question: What does "Hoogduits" translate to in English?, answer: High Dutch | question: Now that "Nederlands" is used for Dutch in Dutch, what do Dutch speakers call German?, answer: Duits
In Dutch, the diminutive is not merely restricted to nouns and exist in numerals (met z'n tweetjes, "the two of us"), pronouns (onderonsje, "tête-à-tête"), verbal particles (moetje, "shotgun marriage"), and even prepositions (toetje, "dessert"). Most notable however, are the diminutive forms of adjectives and adverbs. The former take an diminutive ending and thus functions as a noun, the latter remain adverbs and have always the diminutive with the -s appended, e.g. adjective: groen ("green") → noun: groentje ("rookie"); adverb: even ("just") → adverb: eventjes ("just a minute").

question: What word do Dutch speakers use for what we call a "shotgun marriage"?, answer: moetje | question: In Dutch, what part of speech does an adjective with a diminutive ending become?, answer: noun | question: When the diminutive ending "-tjes" is added to the adverb "even," as what part of speech does it function?, answer: adverb | question: What's the Dutch word for "green"?, answer: groen | question: With the diminutive ending "-tje" added to the Dutch word for "green," what does the new formation translate to in English?, answer: rookie
In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a].

question: Where do unstressed vowels reduce to three?, answer: Eastern Catalan | question: What is the exception to this reduction?, answer: Majorcan | question: Which vowel remains distinct?, answer: /i/
In Eastern Christianity heresy most commonly refers to those beliefs declared heretical by the first seven Ecumenical Councils.[citation needed] Since the Great Schism and the Protestant Reformation, various Christian churches have also used the concept in proceedings against individuals and groups those churches deemed heretical. The Orthodox Church also rejects the early Christian heresies such as Arianism, Gnosticism, Origenism, Montanism, Judaizers, Marcionism, Docetism, Adoptionism, Nestorianism, Monophysitism, Monothelitism and Iconoclasm.

question: What area of Christianity commonly cited the first seven Ecumenical Councils in regards to heresy?, answer: Eastern Christianity | question: After what two events did various Christian churches also begin using the first seven Ecumenical Councils to identify heresy?, answer: Great Schism and the Protestant Reformation | question: What beginning Christian heresies did the Orthodox Church also reject during this time?, answer: Arianism, Gnosticism, Origenism, Montanism, Judaizers, Marcionism, Docetism, Adoptionism, Nestorianism, Monophysitism, Monothelitism and Iconoclasm
In Eastern Europe, Byzantium revived its fortunes under Emperor Basil I (r. 867–886) and his successors Leo VI (r. 886–912) and Constantine VII (r. 913–959), members of the Macedonian dynasty. Commerce revived and the emperors oversaw the extension of a uniform administration to all the provinces. The military was reorganised, which allowed the emperors John I (r. 969–976) and Basil II (r. 976–1025) to expand the frontiers of the empire on all fronts. The imperial court was the centre of a revival of classical learning, a process known as the Macedonian Renaissance. Writers such as John Geometres (fl. early 10th century) composed new hymns, poems, and other works. Missionary efforts by both eastern and western clergy resulted in the conversion of the Moravians, Bulgars, Bohemians, Poles, Magyars, and Slavic inhabitants of the Kievan Rus'. These conversions contributed to the founding of political states in the lands of those peoples—the states of Moravia, Bulgaria, Bohemia, Poland, Hungary, and the Kievan Rus'. Bulgaria, which was founded around 680, at its height reached from Budapest to the Black Sea and from the Dnieper River in modern Ukraine to the Adriatic Sea. By 1018, the last Bulgarian nobles had surrendered to the Byzantine Empire.

question: Of what dynasty was Leo VI a member?, answer: Macedonian | question: During what period did Constantine VII reign?, answer: 913–959 | question: When did Basil I's rule begin?, answer: 867 | question: During what century did John Geometres flourish?, answer: 10th | question: In approximately what year was Bulgaria founded?, answer: 680
In England, Presbyterianism was established in secret in 1592. Thomas Cartwright is thought to be the first Presbyterian in England. Cartwright's controversial lectures at Cambridge University condemning the episcopal hierarchy of the Elizabethan Church led to his deprivation of his post by Archbishop John Whitgift and his emigration abroad. Between 1645 and 1648, a series of ordinances of the Long Parliament established Presbyterianism as the polity of the Church of England. Presbyterian government was established in London and Lancashire and in a few other places in England, although Presbyterian hostility to the execution of Charles I and the establishment of the republican Commonwealth of England meant that Parliament never enforced the Presbyterian system in England. The re-establishment of the monarchy in 1660 brought the return of Episcopal church government in England (and in Scotland for a short time); but the Presbyterian church in England continued in Non-Conformity, outside of the established church. In 1719 a major split, the Salter's Hall controversy, occurred; with the majority siding with nontrinitarian views. Thomas Bradbury published several sermons bearing on the controversy, and in 1719, "An answer to the reproaches cast on the dissenting ministers who subscribed their belief of the Eternal Trinity.". By the 18th century many English Presbyterian congregations had become Unitarian in doctrine.

question: In what year was the Presbyterianism church formed in England?, answer: 1592 | question: Who was the first known Presbyterian in England?, answer: Thomas Cartwright | question: Between what years were the ordinances enacted Presbyterianism as the polity of the Church of England?, answer: 1645 and 1648 | question: In what year did Salter's Hall controversy, occur that would lead to a split?, answer: 1719 | question: When did the result in English Presbyterian congregations becomingUnitarian in doctrine?, answer: 18th century
In England, one of the few licensed venues The Eclipse attracted people from up and down the country as it was open until the early hours. The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 was a government attempt to ban large rave dance events featuring music with "repetitive beats". There were a number of abortive "Kill the Bill" demonstrations. The Spiral Tribe at Castle Morten was probably the nail in the coffin for illegal raves, and forced through the bill, which became law, in November 1994. The music continued to grow and change, as typified by Leftfield with "Release the Pressure", which introduced dub and reggae into the house sound, although Leftfield had prior releases, such as "Not Forgotten" released in 1990 on Sheffield's Outer Rhythm records.

question: what act was passed in england in an attempt to ban large rave dance events?, answer: Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 | question: what was the nail in the coffin for illegal raves?, answer: The Spiral Tribe at Castle Morten | question: when did the bill become a law?, answer: November 1994 | question: what single introduced dub and reggae into the house sound?, answer: "Release the Pressure" | question: who recorded the hit single "release the pressure"?, answer: Leftfield
In England, partly in response to a philosophy propounded by the Oxford Movement and others associated with the emerging revival of 'high church' or Anglo-Catholic ideas during the second quarter of the 19th century, neo-Gothic began to become promoted by influential establishment figures as the preferred style for ecclesiastical, civic and institutional architecture. The appeal of this Gothic revival (which after 1837, in Britain, is sometimes termed Victorian Gothic), gradually widened to encompass "low church" as well as "high church" clients. This period of more universal appeal, spanning 1855–1885, is known in Britain as High Victorian Gothic.

question: When was neo-Gothic popularized by influential figures?, answer: during the second quarter of the 19th century | question: In Britain after 1837, what was the Gothic revival known as?, answer: Victorian Gothic | question: During what years was the High Victorian Gothic period in Britain?, answer: 1855–1885 | question: What movement was responsible for the philosophy which led to the revival of Anglo Catholic ideas?, answer: the Oxford Movement | question: Besides ecclesiastical and civic architecture, what other style of architecture did influential figures of the 19th century prefer to use Victorian Gothic for?, answer: institutional architecture
In England, the 16th-century European Reformation resulted in a number of executions on charges of heresy. During the thirty-eight years of Henry VIII's reign, about sixty heretics, mainly Protestants, were executed and a rather greater number of Catholics lost their lives on grounds of political offences such as treason, notably Sir Thomas More and Cardinal John Fisher, for refusing to accept the king's supremacy over the Church in England. Under Edward VI, the heresy laws were repealed in 1547 only to be reintroduced in 1554 by Mary I; even so two radicals were executed in Edward's reign (one for denying the reality of the incarnation, the other for denying Christ's divinity). Under Mary, around two hundred and ninety people were burned at the stake between 1555 and 1558 after the restoration of papal jurisdiction. When Elizabeth I came to the throne, the concept of heresy was retained in theory but severely restricted by the 1559 Act of Supremacy and the one hundred and eighty or so Catholics who were executed in the forty-five years of her reign were put to death because they were considered members of "...a subversive fifth column." The last execution of a "heretic" in England occurred under James VI and I in 1612. Although the charge was technically one of "blasphemy" there was one later execution in Scotland (still at that date an entirely independent kingdom) when in 1697 Thomas Aikenhead was accused, among other things, of denying the doctrine of the Trinity.

question: What event in England during the 16th century had an outcome of many deaths for heresy?, answer: European Reformation | question: During what king's reign did 60 Protestants die for heresy?, answer: Henry VIII | question: What two notable figures are cited to have perished for refusing to give up the Church in England?, answer: Sir Thomas More and Cardinal John Fisher | question: Under which king were the heresy laws repealed in 1547?, answer: Edward VI | question: In what year was the last known person sentenced to death in England for heresy?, answer: 1612
In England, the Royal Society of London also played a significant role in the public sphere and the spread of Enlightenment ideas. It was founded by a group of independent scientists and given a royal charter in 1662. The Society played a large role in spreading Robert Boyle's experimental philosophy around Europe, and acted as a clearinghouse for intellectual correspondence and exchange. Boyle was "a founder of the experimental world in which scientists now live and operate," and his method based knowledge on experimentation, which had to be witnessed to provide proper empirical legitimacy. This is where the Royal Society came into play: witnessing had to be a "collective act", and the Royal Society's assembly rooms were ideal locations for relatively public demonstrations. However, not just any witness was considered to be credible; "Oxford professors were accounted more reliable witnesses than Oxfordshire peasants." Two factors were taken into account: a witness's knowledge in the area; and a witness's "moral constitution". In other words, only civil society were considered for Boyle's public.

question: Which society in England also played a significant role in the public sphere and spread of Enlightenment ideas?, answer: Royal Society of London | question: In what year was the Royal Society of London given a royal charter?, answer: 1662 | question: Whose method based knowledge on experiementation, which had to be witnessed?, answer: Robert Boyle | question: Who were considered more reliable witnesses than the Oxfordshire peasants?, answer: Oxford professors | question: What two factors were taken into account in credibility in the Royal Society?, answer: a witness's knowledge in the area; and a witness's "moral constitution"