lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
40°48′47″N 73°57′27″W﻿ / ﻿40.813°N 73.9575°W﻿ / 40.813; -73.9575 La Salle Street is a street in West Harlem that runs just two blocks between Amsterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue. West of Convent Avenue, 125th Street was re-routed onto the old Manhattan Avenue. The original 125th Street west of Convent Avenue was swallowed up to make the super-blocks where the low income housing projects now exist. La Salle Street is the only vestige of the original routing.

question: Which street in West Harlem runs just two blocks between Amersterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue?, answer: La Salle Street | question: La Salle Street runs between Amsterdam Avenue and which other Avenue?, answer: Claremont | question: In which neighborhood does La Salle Street run?, answer: West Harlem | question: Which street was swallowed up to make low income housing projects?, answer: 125th Street | question: Which street is the only area left of the routing onto old Manhattan Avenue?, answer: La Salle Street
40°48′52″N 73°56′53″W﻿ / ﻿40.814583°N 73.947944°W﻿ / 40.814583; -73.947944 132nd Street runs east-west above Central Park and is located in Harlem just south of Hamilton Heights. The main portion of 132nd Street runs eastbound from Frederick Douglass Boulevard to northern end of Park Avenue where there is a southbound exit from/entrance to the Harlem River Drive. After an interruption from St. Nicholas Park and City College, there is another small stretch of West 132nd Street between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue

question: There is a small stretch of what road between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue?, answer: West 132nd Street | question: The main portion of what road runs eastbound from Frederick Douglass Boulevard to Park Avenue?, answer: 132nd Street | question: On what Avenue is a southbound exit and entrance to the Harlem River Drive?, answer: Park Avenue | question: West 132nd Street is interrupted by St. Nicholas Park and which college?, answer: City College | question: West 132nd Street is interrupted by City College and which park?, answer: St. Nicholas Park
48 of Switzerland's mountains are 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) above sea in altitude or higher. At 4,634 m (15,203 ft), Monte Rosa is the highest, although the Matterhorn (4,478 m or 14,692 ft) is often regarded as the most famous. Both are located within the Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais. The section of the Bernese Alps above the deep glacial Lauterbrunnen valley, containing 72 waterfalls, is well known for the Jungfrau (4,158 m or 13,642 ft) Eiger and Mönch, and the many picturesque valleys in the region. In the southeast the long Engadin Valley, encompassing the St. Moritz area in canton of Graubünden, is also well known; the highest peak in the neighbouring Bernina Alps is Piz Bernina (4,049 m or 13,284 ft).

question: What is the highest mountain in Switzerland?, answer: Monte Rosa | question: What is often regarded as the most famous mountain in Switzerland?, answer: Matterhorn | question: How many of Switzerland's mountains are at least 4000 meters above sea level?, answer: 48 | question: Where are both Monte Rosa and Matterhorn located?, answer: Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais
50 Hz systems support three scanning rates: 50i, 25p and 50p. 60 Hz systems support a much wider set of frame rates: 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p and 60p. In the days of standard definition television, the fractional rates were often rounded up to whole numbers, e.g. 23.976p was often called 24p, or 59.94i was often called 60i. 60 Hz high definition television supports both fractional and slightly different integer rates, therefore strict usage of notation is required to avoid ambiguity. Nevertheless, 29.97i/59.94i is almost universally called 60i, likewise 23.976p is called 24p.

question: What three scanning rates do 50 Hz systems support?, answer: 50i, 25p and 50p | question: Which system suports 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p, and 60p, answer: 60 Hz | question: SD television fractional rates were often rounded to what?, answer: whole numbers | question: Strict notation is required with HD fractional rates to avoid what?, answer: ambiguity
630 people lost their lives as a result of the air raids on Southampton and nearly 2,000 more were injured, not to mention the thousands of buildings damaged or destroyed.

question: How many people died because of the bombs dropped on Southampton?, answer: 630 | question: In addition to casualties, about how many people were wounded by air raids on Southampton?, answer: 2,000 | question: Was it hundreds or thousands of buildings in Southampton that sustained damage from air raids?, answer: thousands
64Zn, the most abundant isotope of zinc, is very susceptible to neutron activation, being transmuted into the highly radioactive 65Zn, which has a half-life of 244 days and produces intense gamma radiation. Because of this, Zinc Oxide used in nuclear reactors as an anti-corrosion agent is depleted of 64Zn before use, this is called depleted zinc oxide. For the same reason, zinc has been proposed as a salting material for nuclear weapons (cobalt is another, better-known salting material). A jacket of isotopically enriched 64Zn would be irradiated by the intense high-energy neutron flux from an exploding thermonuclear weapon, forming a large amount of 65Zn significantly increasing the radioactivity of the weapon's fallout. Such a weapon is not known to have ever been built, tested, or used. 65Zn is also used as a tracer to study how alloys that contain zinc wear out, or the path and the role of zinc in organisms.

question: What is the most abundant zinc isotope?, answer: 64Zn | question: What does 65Zn produce?, answer: intense gamma radiation | question: Why is zinc oxide used in nuclear reactors?, answer: anti-corrosion agent | question: What is used to study how alloys containing zinc wear out?, answer: 65Zn
6th-century BCE pre-Socratic Greek philosophers Thales of Miletus and Xenophanes of Colophon were the first in the region to attempt to explain the world in terms of human reason rather than myth and tradition, thus can be said to be the first Greek humanists. Thales questioned the notion of anthropomorphic gods and Xenophanes refused to recognise the gods of his time and reserved the divine for the principle of unity in the universe. These Ionian Greeks were the first thinkers to assert that nature is available to be studied separately from the supernatural realm. Anaxagoras brought philosophy and the spirit of rational inquiry from Ionia to Athens. Pericles, the leader of Athens during the period of its greatest glory was an admirer of Anaxagoras. Other influential pre-Socratics or rational philosophers include Protagoras (like Anaxagoras a friend of Pericles), known for his famous dictum "man is the measure of all things" and Democritus, who proposed that matter was composed of atoms. Little of the written work of these early philosophers survives and they are known mainly from fragments and quotations in other writers, principally Plato and Aristotle. The historian Thucydides, noted for his scientific and rational approach to history, is also much admired by later humanists. In the 3rd century BCE, Epicurus became known for his concise phrasing of the problem of evil, lack of belief in the afterlife, and human-centred approaches to achieving eudaimonia. He was also the first Greek philosopher to admit women to his school as a rule.

question: Who was one of the first Greeks to adopt a humanistic outlook?, answer: Thales of Miletus | question: Where did this type of thinking next travel to?, answer: Athens | question: Who first introduced the idea that matter is made of atoms?, answer: Democritus | question: Who was the first person to provide education opportunities to females?, answer: Epicurus
83% of the total population adheres to Christianity, making it the most common religion in Swaziland. Anglican, Protestant and indigenous African churches, including African Zionist, constitute the majority of the Christians (40%), followed by Roman Catholicism at 20% of the population. On 18 July 2012, Ellinah Wamukoya, was elected Anglican Bishop of Swaziland, becoming the first woman to be a bishop in Africa. 15% of the population follows traditional religions; other non-Christian religions practised in the country include Islam (1%), the Bahá'í Faith (0.5%), and Hinduism (0.2%). There are 14 Jewish families.

question: What percentage of the Swazi population are Christian?, answer: 83% | question: Which religious belief is most prevelant in Swaziland?, answer: Christianity | question: What amount of Swazi Christians are Roman Catholic?, answer: 20% | question: Who is the Anglican Bishop of Swaziland?, answer: Ellinah Wamukoya | question: How many Jewish families are there in Swaziland?, answer: 14
8th and 9th Streets run parallel to each other, beginning at Avenue D, interrupted by Tompkins Square Park at Avenue B, resuming at Avenue A and continuing to Sixth Avenue. West 8th Street is an important local shopping street. 8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called St Mark's Place, but it is counted in the length below.

question: West 8th Street is an important local street for what activity?, answer: shopping | question: 8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called what?, answer: St Mark's Place | question: Where do 8th and 9th Streets begin?, answer: Avenue D | question: Where do 8th and 9th Streets end?, answer: Sixth Avenue | question: Which park interrupts 8th and 9th Street at Avenue B?, answer: Tompkins Square Park
90th Street is split into two segments. The first segment, West 90th Street begins at Riverside Drive and ends at Central Park West or West Drive, when it is open, in Central Park on the Upper West Side. The second segment of East 90th Street begins at East Drive, at Engineers Gate of Central Park. When East Drive is closed, East 90th Street begins at Fifth Avenue on the Upper East Side and curves to the right at the FDR Drive becoming East End Avenue. Our Lady of Good Counsel Church, is located on East 90th Street between Third Avenue and Second Avenue, across the street from Ruppert Towers (1601 and 1619 Third Avenue) and Ruppert Park. Asphalt Green, which is located on East 90th Street between York Avenue and East End Avenue.

question: Which street begins at East Drive, at Engineers Gate of Central Park?, answer: East 90th Street | question: Which church is located on East 90th Street between Second and Third Avenue?, answer: Our Lady of Good Counsel Church | question: Which towers are located at 1601 and 1619 Third Avenue?, answer: Ruppert Towers | question: What is located on East 90th Street between York Avenue and East End Avenue?, answer: Asphalt Green
A "beer engine" is a device for pumping beer, originally manually operated and typically used to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar.

question: What is a "beer engine"?, answer: a device for pumping beer | question: What is the function of a "beer engine"?, answer: to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar
A "country pub" by tradition is a rural public house. However, the distinctive culture surrounding country pubs, that of functioning as a social centre for a village and rural community, has been changing over the last thirty or so years. In the past, many rural pubs provided opportunities for country folk to meet and exchange (often local) news, while others—especially those away from village centres—existed for the general purpose, before the advent of motor transport, of serving travellers as coaching inns.

question: What is another name for a rural public house?, answer: country pub | question: What was a function of distant country pubs before the rise of motor vehicles?, answer: serving travellers as coaching inns | question: Over what period of years has the traditional function of country pubs been changing?, answer: the last thirty
A "grand", sometimes shortened to simply "G", is a common term for the amount of $1,000. The suffix "K" or "k" (from "kilo-") is also commonly used to denote this amount (such as "$10k" to mean $10,000). However, the $1,000 note is no longer in general use. A "large" or "stack", it is usually a reference to a multiple of $1,000 (such as "fifty large" meaning $50,000). The $100 note is nicknamed "Benjamin", "Benji", "Ben", or "Franklin" (after Benjamin Franklin), "C-note" (C being the Roman numeral for 100), "Century note" or "bill" (e.g. "two bills" being $200). The $50 note is occasionally called a "yardstick" or a "grant" (after President Ulysses S. Grant, pictured on the obverse). The $20 note is referred to as a "double sawbuck", "Jackson" (after Andrew Jackson), or "double eagle". The $10 note is referred to as a "sawbuck", "ten-spot" or "Hamilton" (after Alexander Hamilton). The $5 note as "Lincoln", "fin", "fiver" or "five-spot". The infrequently-used $2 note is sometimes called "deuce", "Tom", or "Jefferson" (after Thomas Jefferson). The $1 note as a "single" or "buck". The dollar has also been, referred to as a "bone" and "bones" in plural (e.g. "twenty bones" is equal to $20). The newer designs, with portraits displayed in the main body of the obverse rather than in cameo insets upon paper color-coded by denomination, are sometimes referred to as "bigface" notes or "Monopoly money".

question: What is a "grand" sometimes shortened to?, answer: "G" | question: What is another term other than "large" that means a stack of mutiple thousands?, answer: "stack" | question: What is a "C-note" a reference to?, answer: the Roman numeral for 100 | question: Which note is occasionally called a "yardstick"?, answer: $50 | question: What is another term for "bigface" notes?, answer: Monopoly money
A "lock-in" is when a pub owner lets drinkers stay in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks are technically sold after closing time. The origin of the British lock-in was a reaction to 1915 changes in the licensing laws in England and Wales, which curtailed opening hours to stop factory workers from turning up drunk and harming the war effort. Since 1915, the UK licensing laws had changed very little, with comparatively early closing times. The tradition of the lock-in therefore remained. Since the implementation of Licensing Act 2003, premises in England and Wales may apply to extend their opening hours beyond 11 pm, allowing round-the-clock drinking and removing much of the need for lock-ins. Since the smoking ban, some establishments operated a lock-in during which the remaining patrons could smoke without repercussions but, unlike drinking lock-ins, allowing smoking in a pub was still a prosecutable offence.

question: What is it called when the owner of a pub allows patrons to remain when the pub should have closed?, answer: "lock-in" | question: What law allows pubs to apply to extend their closing hours after 11pm?, answer: Licensing Act 2003 | question: A law of what year prompted the existence of the "lock-in"?, answer: 1915 | question: What action by a pub owner can result in his prosecution?, answer: allowing smoking
A "tag" in an audio file is a section of the file that contains metadata such as the title, artist, album, track number or other information about the file's contents. The MP3 standards do not define tag formats for MP3 files, nor is there a standard container format that would support metadata and obviate the need for tags.

question: What is a section of a file that contains metadeta referred to as?, answer: tag | question: What else can metadeta contain other than the title, artist or track number?, answer: album | question: What do MP3 standards not define?, answer: tag formats for MP3 files | question: What would be needed to support metadata and obviate the need for tags?, answer: a standard container format
A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries. In comparison with data available from other relevant populations in the region, Jews were found to be more closely related to groups in the north of the Fertile Crescent. The authors also report on Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes, which are very frequent in Central and Eastern Europeans (54%–60%) at elevated frequency (12.7%) in Ashkenazi Jews. They hypothesized that the differences among Ashkenazim Jews could reflect low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation. A later 2005 study by Nebel et al., found a similar level of 11.5% of male Ashkenazim belonging to R1a1a (M17+), the dominant Y-chromosome haplogroup in Central and Eastern Europeans.

question: A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that which two populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries?, answer: Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations | question: Levels of the Eu 19 (R1a) chromosome are typically seen between what two percentages in Central and Eastern Europeans?, answer: 54%–60% | question: Levels of the Eu 19 (R1a) chromosome were seen in what percentage of the Ashkenazi Jewish population?, answer: 12.7% | question: The difference in percentages of the levels of Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes between Central and Eastern Europeans and the Ashkenazi population would indicate what?, answer: low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation
A 2006 study by Seldin et al. used over five thousand autosomal SNPs to demonstrate European genetic substructure. The results showed "a consistent and reproducible distinction between 'northern' and 'southern' European population groups". Most northern, central, and eastern Europeans (Finns, Swedes, English, Irish, Germans, and Ukrainians) showed >90% in the "northern" population group, while most individual participants with southern European ancestry (Italians, Greeks, Portuguese, Spaniards) showed >85% in the "southern" group. Both Ashkenazi Jews as well as Sephardic Jews showed >85% membership in the "southern" group. Referring to the Jews clustering with southern Europeans, the authors state the results were "consistent with a later Mediterranean origin of these ethnic groups".

question: In a 2006 study, how many autosomal SNPs were used?, answer: five thousand
A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families.

question: A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a what?, answer: a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup | question: Ashkenazi Jews, regardless of their place of origin, belong to the same what?, answer: ethnic group | question: Members of which two Haredi Jewish sects continue to marry exclusively within the Ashkenazi Jewish population?, answer: Hasidic or Hareidi sects | question: Do Haredi Jews tend to have large or small families?, answer: Haredi Jews often have extremely large families
A 2007 study conducted by the National Science Foundation found that biodiversity and genetic diversity are codependent—that diversity among species requires diversity within a species, and vice versa. "If any one type is removed from the system, the cycle can break down, and the community becomes dominated by a single species." At present, the most threatened ecosystems are found in fresh water, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005, which was confirmed by the "Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment", organised by the biodiversity platform, and the French Institut de recherche pour le développement (MNHNP).

question: In which year was the study published that found biodiversity and genetic diversity are codependent?, answer: 2007 | question: Who conducted the 2007 study?, answer: National Science Foundation | question: What can cause a break down of a biodiversity system?, answer: If any one type is removed from the system | question: Where are the most threatened ecosystems found?, answer: in fresh water
A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure. In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide acceptance in combination therapy, including loop diuretics (Lasix/furosemide, Hoechst Pharmaceuticals, 1963), beta blockers (ICI Pharmaceuticals, 1964) ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers. ACE inhibitors reduce the risk of new onset kidney disease [RR 0.71] and death [RR 0.84] in diabetic patients, irrespective of whether they have hypertension.

question: What drugs reduce the risk of death and other events in people with high blood pressure?, answer: thiazide antihypertensive drugs | question: Who conducted the review on Thiazide Antihypertensive drugs?, answer: Cochrane | question: What were Thiazide Antihypertensive drugs used with?, answer: combination therapy | question: What do ACE inhibitors do?, answer: reduce the risk of new onset kidney disease [RR 0.71] and death [RR 0.84] in diabetic patients | question: In what year did Cochrane release the report?, answer: 2009 | question: What reduces the risk of new onset kidney diseases and death?, answer: ACE inhibitors | question: What type of drugs reduced the risk of strokes and heart disease for people with high blood pressure?, answer: thiazide antihypertensive drugs | question: In what year was thiazide antihypertensive drugs shown to help those with heart problems?, answer: 2009