lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
After World War I the US Army started developing a dual-role (AA/ground) automatic 37 mm cannon, designed by John M. Browning. It was standardised in 1927 as the T9 AA cannon, but trials quickly revealed that it was worthless in the ground role. However, while the shell was a bit light (well under 2 lbs) it had a good effective ceiling and fired 125 rounds per minute; an AA carriage was developed and it entered service in 1939. The Browning 37mm proved prone to jamming, and was eventually replaced in AA units by the Bofors 40 mm. The Bofors had attracted attention from the US Navy, but none were acquired before 1939. Also, in 1931 the US Army worked on a mobile anti-aircraft machine mount on the back of a heavy truck having four .30 caliber water-cooled machine guns and an optical director. It proved unsuccessful and was abandoned.

question: What did the United States Army begin to develop after the first World War?, answer: a dual-role (AA/ground) automatic 37 mm cannon | question: Who designed this cannon?, answer: John M. Browning | question: How many rounds did this cannon fire per second?, answer: 125 | question: What replaced the Browning 37nn because of jamming issues?, answer: Bofors 40 mm | question: What other US group was interested in the Bofors?, answer: US Navy
After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took over the Hijaz, and regimes led by army officers came to power in Iran and Turkey. "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to yield to retrograde currents.

question: What two countries divvied up the Middle East's countries after WWI?, answer: Britain and France | question: What was the dividing up of the Middle Eastern countries in violation of?, answer: solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy | question: A reaction to Britain and France's actions was the emergence of what group in Egypt?, answer: Muslim Brotherhood | question: de Bellaigne attributed the growth of Islamism and militarism to what Western catalyst?, answer: empire-builders | question: What did the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators find themselves yielding to?, answer: retrograde currents
After World War II Hudson's realized that the limited parking space at its downtown skyscraper would increasingly be a problem for its customers. The solution in 1954 was to open the Northland Center in nearby Southfield, just beyond the city limits. It was the largest suburban shopping center in the world, and quickly became the main shopping destination for northern and western Detroit, and for much of the suburbs. By 1961 the downtown skyscraper accounted for only half of Hudson's sales; it closed in 1986. The Northland Center Hudson's, rebranded Macy's in 2006 following acquisition by Federated Department Stores, was closed along with the remaining stores in the center in March 2015 due to the mall's high storefront vacancy, decaying infrastructure, and financial mismanagement.

question: In what year did Hudson's address the issue of parking within cities?, answer: 1954 | question: What was the store called in Southfield?, answer: Northland Center | question: In what year did the Hudson's skyscraper close?, answer: 1986 | question: What company purchased the Northland Center in 2006?, answer: Federated Department Stores | question: What was the Northfield Center renamed after it's purchase by another company?, answer: Macy's
After World War II, Britain found itself in intense conflict with the Jewish community over Jewish immigration limits, as well as continued conflict with the Arab community over limit levels. The Haganah joined Irgun and Lehi in an armed struggle against British rule. At the same time, hundreds of thousands of Jewish Holocaust survivors and refugees sought a new life far from their destroyed communities in Europe. The Yishuv attempted to bring these refugees to Palestine but many were turned away or rounded up and placed in detention camps in Atlit and Cyprus by the British. Escalating violence culminated with the 1946 King David Hotel bombing which Bruce Hoffman characterized as one of the "most lethal terrorist incidents of the twentieth century". In 1947, the British government announced it would withdraw from Mandatory Palestine, stating it was unable to arrive at a solution acceptable to both Arabs and Jews.

question: What country experienced conflict with the Jewish community after World War II?, answer: Britain | question: When was the King David Hotel bombing?, answer: 1946 | question: When did the British government announce it would withdraw from Mandatory Palestine?, answer: 1947
After World War II, Europe was informally split into Western and Soviet spheres of influence. Western Europe later aligned as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Eastern Europe as the Warsaw Pact. There was a shift in power from Western Europe and the British Empire to the two new superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. These two rivals would later face off in the Cold War. In Asia, the defeat of Japan led to its democratization. China's civil war continued through and after the war, resulting eventually in the establishment of the People's Republic of China. The former colonies of the European powers began their road to independence.

question: What was Europe split into after World War II?, answer: Western and Soviet spheres of influence. | question: Who battled in the cold war?, answer: United States and the Soviet Union. | question: What does the term NATO represent?, answer: North Atlantic Treaty Organization | question: What did the defeat of Japan mean for Asia?, answer: led to its democratization. | question: What did China name themselves after the war?, answer: the People's Republic of China.
After World War II, due to Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers in an attempt to gain independence, Moscow changed its policy towards repression of the Ukrainian language.

question: After what war did Moscow begin to repress the Ukrainian language?, answer: World War II | question: Why did Moscow begin to repress the Ukrainian language?, answer: Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers | question: Why did Ukrainians collaborate with the Axis?, answer: to gain independence
After World War II, eastern European countries such as the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia expelled the Germans from their territories. Many of those had inhabited these lands for centuries, developing a unique culture. Germans were also forced to leave the former eastern territories of Germany, which were annexed by Poland (Silesia, Pomerania, parts of Brandenburg and southern part of East Prussia) and the Soviet Union (northern part of East Prussia). Between 12 and 16,5 million ethnic Germans and German citizens were expelled westwards to allied-occupied Germany.

question: With the conclusion of World War 2 what did most Eastern Europe countries do with their German citizens?, answer: expelled the Germans | question: How long did many of the Germans live in the eastern Europe countries before being expelled?, answer: for centuries | question: Approximately how many Germans were expelled from their home after world war II?, answer: 12 and 16,5 million ethnic Germans and German citizens | question: After World War II where were Germans forced to relocate to?, answer: westwards to allied-occupied Germany | question: How many Germans were expelled after WWII?, answer: Between 12 and 16,5 million | question: After what war were Germans expelled from their territories?, answer: World War II | question: Where were Germans that were inhabiting other lands expelled to?, answer: allied-occupied Germany
After World War II, the Guam Organic Act of 1950 established Guam as an unincorporated organized territory of the United States, provided for the structure of the island's civilian government, and granted the people U.S. citizenship. The Governor of Guam was federally appointed until 1968, when the Guam Elective Governor Act provided for the office's popular election.:242 Since Guam is not a U.S. state, U.S. citizens residing on Guam are not allowed to vote for president and their congressional representative is a non-voting member.

question: What established Guam as an unincorporated territory?, answer: Guam Organic Act of 1950 | question: What conflict did the Organic Act come after?, answer: After World War II | question: What did the Guam Act allow the population now that they were a U.S territory?, answer: granted the people U.S. citizenship
After World War II, two new competing formats came onto the market and gradually replaced the standard "78": the 33 1⁄3 rpm (often just referred to as the 33 rpm), and the 45 rpm (see above). The 33 1⁄3 rpm LP (for "long-play") format was developed by Columbia Records and marketed in June 1948. RCA Victor developed the 45 rpm format and marketed it in March 1949, each pursuing their own r&d in secret. Both types of new disc used narrower grooves, intended to be played with smaller stylus—typically 0.001 inches (25 µm) wide, compared to 0.003 inches (76 µm) for a 78—so the new records were sometimes called Microgroove. In the mid-1950s all record companies agreed to a common recording standard called RIAA equalization. Prior to the establishment of the standard each company used its own preferred standard, requiring discriminating listeners to use pre-amplifiers with multiple selectable equalization curves.

question: What two formats replaced the 78?, answer: 33 1⁄3 rpm (often just referred to as the 33 rpm), and the 45 rpm | question: Who developed the 33 1/3 rpm LP?, answer: Columbia Records | question: When did the 33 1/3 rpm hit the market?, answer: June 1948 | question: When did RCA release their 45 rpm format?, answer: March 1949 | question: When were RIAA standards established?, answer: mid-1950s
After a death sentence is affirmed in state collateral review, the prisoner may file for federal habeas corpus, which is a unique type of lawsuit that can be brought in federal courts. Federal habeas corpus is a species of collateral review, and it is the only way that state prisoners may attack a death sentence in federal court (other than petitions for certiorari to the United States Supreme Court after both direct review and state collateral review). The scope of federal habeas corpus is governed by the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, which restricted significantly its previous scope. The purpose of federal habeas corpus is to ensure that state courts, through the process of direct review and state collateral review, have done at least a reasonable job in protecting the prisoner's federal constitutional rights. Prisoners may also use federal habeas corpus suits to bring forth new evidence that they are innocent of the crime, though to be a valid defense at this late stage in the process, evidence of innocence must be truly compelling.

question: What act restricted the scope of federal habeas corpus?, answer: the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 | question: How may state prisoners seek to have a death sentence overturned in federal court?, answer: Federal habeas corpus | question: In what courts can federal habeas corpus suits be brought?, answer: federal | question: If prisoners use federal habeas corpus to present evidence that they're innocent, what must the evidence be?, answer: truly compelling
After a debate, the 129 delegates passed Hardie's motion to establish "a distinct Labour group in Parliament, who shall have their own whips, and agree upon their policy, which must embrace a readiness to cooperate with any party which for the time being may be engaged in promoting legislation in the direct interests of labour." This created an association called the Labour Representation Committee (LRC), meant to coordinate attempts to support MPs sponsored by trade unions and represent the working-class population. It had no single leader, and in the absence of one, the Independent Labour Party nominee Ramsay MacDonald was elected as Secretary. He had the difficult task of keeping the various strands of opinions in the LRC united. The October 1900 "Khaki election" came too soon for the new party to campaign effectively; total expenses for the election only came to £33. Only 15 candidatures were sponsored, but two were successful; Keir Hardie in Merthyr Tydfil and Richard Bell in Derby.

question: How many delegates passed the motion?, answer: 129 | question: Who was elected Secretary?, answer: Ramsay MacDonald | question: How many candidates were sponsored in the 1900 electrion?, answer: 15
After a decade of constant warfare, France and Britain signed the Treaty of Amiens in March 1802, bringing the Revolutionary Wars to an end. Amiens called for the withdrawal of British troops from recently conquered colonial territories as well as for assurances to curtail the expansionary goals of the French Republic. With Europe at peace and the economy recovering, Napoleon's popularity soared to its highest levels under the Consulate, both domestically and abroad. In a new plebiscite during the spring of 1802, the French public came out in huge numbers to approve a constitution that made the Consulate permanent, essentially elevating Napoleon to dictator for life. Whereas the plebiscite two years earlier had brought out 1.5 million people to the polls, the new referendum enticed 3.6 million to go and vote (72% of all eligible voters). There was no secret ballot in 1802 and few people wanted to openly defy the regime; the constitution gained approval with over 99% of the vote. His broad powers were spelled out in the new constitution: Article 1. The French people name, and the Senate proclaims Napoleon-Bonaparte First Consul for Life. After 1802, he was generally referred to as Napoleon rather than Bonaparte.

question: What 1802 treaty between Britain and France ended the Revolutionary Wars?, answer: the Treaty of Amiens | question: What year was the Treaty of Amiens signed?, answer: 1802 | question: In what year did French voters approve a constitution making the Consulate permanent?, answer: 1802 | question: What percentage of the French vote approved Napoleon's new constitution?, answer: over 99% | question: What position was Napoleon granted in Article 1 of the new French constitution?, answer: First Consul for Life
After a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square. Charles Terry and John Low remained at the original landing location and reestablished their old land claim and called it "New York", but renamed "New York Alki" in April 1853, from a Chinook word meaning, roughly, "by and by" or "someday". For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, but in time Alki was abandoned and its residents moved across the bay to join the rest of the settlers.

question: What group of settlers established a site at Pioneer Square?, answer: Denny Party | question: When was New York Alki established?, answer: April 1853 | question: by what name did Charles Terry and John Low first name their settlement?, answer: New York | question: What was the Chinook enhanced name of Terry and Low's settlement?, answer: New York Alki | question: What site was eventually abandoned when the settlers moved back in with Denny?, answer: New York Alki
After a lackluster arrival to Oklahoma City for the 2008–09 season, the Oklahoma City Thunder secured a berth (8th) in the 2010 NBA Playoffs the next year after boasting its first 50-win season, winning two games in the first round against the Los Angeles Lakers. In 2012, Oklahoma City made it to the NBA Finals, but lost to the Miami Heat in five games. In 2013 the Thunder reached the Western Conference semifinals without All-Star guard Russell Westbrook, who was injured in their first round series against the Houston Rockets, only to lose to the Memphis Grizzlies. In 2014 Oklahoma City again reached the NBA's Western Conference Finals but eventually lost to the San Antonio Spurs in six games.

question: What place were the Thunder in 2010 NBA playoffs?, answer: 8th | question: Who did the Thunder play in the finals of 2012?, answer: Miami Heat | question: Who did the Thunder lose to in the Western Conference finals?, answer: San Antonio Spurs
After a lengthy period of formal racial segregation in the former Confederacy following the Reconstruction Era, and bans on interracial marriage in various parts of the country, more people are openly forming interracial unions. In addition, social conditions have changed and many multiracial people do not believe it is socially advantageous to try to "pass" as white. Diverse immigration has brought more mixed-race people into the United States, such as the large population of Hispanics identifying as mestizos. Since the 1980s, the United States has had a growing multiracial identity movement (cf. Loving Day). Because more Americans have insisted on being allowed to acknowledge their mixed racial origins, the 2000 census for the first time allowed residents to check more than one ethno-racial identity and thereby identify as multiracial. In 2008 Barack Obama was elected as the first multiracial President of the United States; he acknowledges both sides of his family and identifies as African American.

question: What is the effect of there no longer being a stigma on interracial marriage?, answer: more people are openly forming interracial unions | question: What has caused more people of mixed races to the US?, answer: Diverse immigration | question: When was there a period of formal racial segregation?, answer: in the former Confederacy following the Reconstruction Era | question: Who was elected and was the first multiracial president of the United States?, answer: Barack Obama | question: Why were Americans allowed to start checking more than one box to identify their race in the Census in 200?, answer: Because more Americans have insisted on being allowed to acknowledge their mixed racial origins | question: Who was the first multiracial president elected in the US, answer: In 2008 Barack Obama was elected as the first multiracial President of the United States | question: When did the US begin to experience a growing multiracial identity movement?, answer: Since the 1980s, the United States has had a growing multiracial identity movement | question: Who are "mestizos"?, answer: large population of Hispanics identifying as mestizos | question: When did the US census start to allow residents to mark more than one ethno-racial identity on the census form?, answer: the 2000 census for the first time allowed residents to check more than one ethno-racial identity and thereby identify as multiracial | question: What has brought more mixed race people to the US?, answer: . Diverse immigration has brought more mixed-race people into the United States | question: What was it once considered socially advantageous to do?, answer: try to "pass" as white | question: What is an example of the multiracial identity movement at work?, answer: Loving Day | question: What does the first multiracial president identify as?, answer: African American | question: When did the census begin allowing multiple boxes to be checked?, answer: 2000 | question: When was an African American president elected?, answer: 2008
After a long period of rumour and consultation, the British government announced plans to construct an airport in Saint Helena in March 2005. The airport was expected to be completed by 2010. However an approved bidder, the Italian firm Impregilo, was not chosen until 2008, and then the project was put on hold in November 2008, allegedly due to new financial pressures brought on by the Financial crisis of 2007–2010. By January 2009, construction had not commenced and no final contracts had been signed. Governor Andrew Gurr departed for London in an attempt to speed up the process and solve the problems.

question: When was the construction of an airport in Saint Helena announced?, answer: March 2005 | question: The airport was expected to be completed by what year?, answer: 2010 | question: Who was the approved bidder for the airport?, answer: Impregilo | question: Which governor departed to London to try to speed up the construction of the airport?, answer: Andrew Gurr
After a lull during the period of modern architectural dominance (roughly post-World War II until the mid-1980s), neoclassicism has seen somewhat of a resurgence. This rebirth can be traced to the movement of New Urbanism and postmodern architecture's embrace of classical elements as ironic, especially in light of the dominance of Modernism. While some continued to work with classicism as ironic, some architects such as Thomas Gordon Smith, began to consider classicism seriously. While some schools had interest in classical architecture, such as the University of Virginia, no school was purely dedicated to classical architecture. In the early 1990s a program in classical architecture was started by Smith and Duncan Stroik at the University of Notre Dame that continues successfully. Programs at the University of Miami, Andrews University, Judson University and The Prince's Foundation for Building Community have trained a number of new classical architects since this resurgence. Today one can find numerous buildings embracing neoclassical style, since a generation of architects trained in this discipline shapes urban planning.

question: When was the lull in neoclassical architecture?, answer: roughly post-World War II until the mid-1980s | question: What is the movement that caused resurgence of neoclassicism?, answer: New Urbanism | question: Many post modern designs feature classic elements in what way?, answer: ironic | question: What recent architect began to take elements of classicism seriously?, answer: Thomas Gordon Smith
After a major blaze in 1405, the city's original wooden buildings were gradually replaced by half-timbered houses and subsequently the sandstone buildings which came to be characteristic for the Old Town. Despite the waves of pestilence that hit Europe in the 14th century, the city continued to grow: mainly due to immigration from the surrounding countryside.

question: What year was there a huge fire?, answer: 1405 | question: What was destroyed in the fire?, answer: the city's original wooden buildings