lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
At the outset of the Korean War the CIA still only had a few thousand employees, a thousand of whom worked in analysis. Intelligence primarily came from the Office of Reports and Estimates, which drew its reports from a daily take of State Department telegrams, military dispatches, and other public documents. The CIA still lacked its own intelligence gathering abilities. On 21 August 1950, shortly after the invasion of South Korea, Truman announced Walter Bedell Smith as the new Director of the CIA to correct what was seen as a grave failure of Intelligence.[clarification needed]

question: Who was appointed to be the new Director of the CIA in 1950?, answer: Walter Bedell Smith | question: What president announced the new CIA director?, answer: Truman | question: Where was most of the CIA's intelligence coming from before 1950?, answer: the Office of Reports and Estimates
At the request of the pope, he created an information office for prisoners of war and refugees, which in the years of its existence from 1939 until 1947 received almost ten million (9 891 497) information requests and produced over eleven million (11.293.511) answers about missing persons. Montini was several times openly attacked by Benito Mussolini's government as a politician, and meddling in politics, but each time he found powerful defenses by the Vatican. In 1944, Luigi Maglione died, and Pius XII appointed Tardini and Montini together as heads of the State Department. Montini's admiration was almost filial, when he described Pope Pius XII:

question: In what year was the office for information for prisoners and refugees founded?, answer: 1939 | question: How many inquiries did Mintini receive regarding missing persons ?, answer: ten million | question: What was Montini accused of being by the Italian government?, answer: politician | question: With whom did Montini feel he had a brother like connection to?, answer: Pope Pius XII | question: What Italian Prime Minister attacked Montini for his political stances?, answer: Mussolini
At the same conference, Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled, "Notes on the Original Affluent Society", in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short," as Thomas Hobbes had put it in 1651. According to Sahlins, ethnographic data indicated that hunter-gatherers worked far fewer hours and enjoyed more leisure than typical members of industrial society, and they still ate well. Their "affluence" came from the idea that they were satisfied with very little in the material sense. Later, in 1996, Ross Sackett performed two distinct meta-analyses to empirically test Sahlin's view. The first of these studies looked at 102 time-allocation studies, and the second one analyzed 207 energy-expenditure studies. Sackett found that adults in foraging and horticultural societies work, on average, about 6.5 hours a day, where as people in agricultural and industrial societies work on average 8.8 hours a day.

question: Who called hunter-gathers the original affluent society?, answer: Marshall Sahlins | question: When did Ross Sackett study time and energy for hunter-gartherer groups?, answer: 1996 | question: How long a day do people in other societies work?, answer: 8.8 hours a day
At the same time the Empire style in France was a more grandiose wave of neoclassicism in architecture and the decorative arts. Mainly based on Imperial Roman styles, it originated in, and took its name from, the rule of Napoleon I in the First French Empire, where it was intended to idealize Napoleon's leadership and the French state. The style corresponds to the more bourgeois Biedermeier style in the German-speaking lands, Federal style in the United States, the Regency style in Britain, and the Napoleonstil in Sweden. According to the art historian Hugh Honour "so far from being, as is sometimes supposed, the culmination of the Neo-classical movement, the Empire marks its rapid decline and transformation back once more into a mere antique revival, drained of all the high-minded ideas and force of conviction that had inspired its masterpieces".

question: How would the Empire style of France be characterized by comparison?, answer: more grandiose | question: What was the origination of the Imperial Roman Style?, answer: Napoleon I | question: What was the corresponding style to Empire in Britain?, answer: Regency | question: In the US, the style during this time of Neoclassical Empire was known as what?, answer: Federal style
At the same time the order found itself face to face with the Renaissance. It struggled against pagan tendencies in Renaissance humanism, in Italy through Dominici and Savonarola, in Germany through the theologians of Cologne but it also furnished humanism with such advanced writers as Francesco Colonna (probably the writer of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili) and Matteo Bandello. Many Dominicans took part in the artistic activity of the age, the most prominent being Fra Angelico and Fra Bartolomeo.

question: What historical period gave the Dominican Order a challenge?, answer: the Renaissance | question: What was it about the Renaissance that gave the Dominican Order problems?, answer: pagan tendencies | question: The theologians of what German city gave the Dominican Order resistance?, answer: Cologne | question: What writer fused humanism with the Dominican Order teachings?, answer: Matteo Bandello | question: What Dominican friar celebrated the arts of the Renaissance age?, answer: Fra Angelico and Fra Bartolomeo
At the same time, British, French, and Soviet negotiators scheduled three-party talks on military matters to occur in Moscow in August 1939, aiming to define what the agreement would specify should be the reaction of the three powers to a German attack. The tripartite military talks, started in mid-August, hit a sticking point regarding the passage of Soviet troops through Poland if Germans attacked, and the parties waited as British and French officials overseas pressured Polish officials to agree to such terms. Polish officials refused to allow Soviet troops into Polish territory if Germany attacked; as Polish foreign minister Józef Beck pointed out, they feared that once the Red Army entered their territories, it might never leave.

question: In what city did the tripartite military talks occur during the month of August?, answer: Moscow | question: Why did Poland deny the proposal of the Soviet Union protecting them from a German Attack?, answer: once the Red Army entered their territories, it might never leave. | question: Who did not want their country protected by the Soviet military?, answer: Poland
At the same time, naval innovations led to a German domination of trade in the Baltic Sea and parts of Eastern Europe through the Hanseatic League. Along the trade routes, Hanseatic trade stations became centers of the German culture. German town law (Stadtrecht) was promoted by the presence of large, relatively wealthy German populations, their influence and political power. Thus people who would be considered "Germans", with a common culture, language, and worldview different from that of the surrounding rural peoples, colonized trading towns as far north of present-day Germany as Bergen (in Norway), Stockholm (in Sweden), and Vyborg (now in Russia). The Hanseatic League was not exclusively German in any ethnic sense: many towns who joined the league were outside the Holy Roman Empire and a number of them may only loosely be characterized as German. The Empire itself was not entirely German either. It had a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual structure, some of the smaller ethnicities and languages used at different times were Dutch, Italian, French, Czech and Polish.

question: German's domination of trade in the Eastern Europe was credited to what?, answer: naval innovations | question: Because of the increased trade what places became the hubs of German culture?, answer: Hanseatic trade stations | question: What was promoted due to wealth and power of the German families?, answer: Stadtrecht | question: the holy roman empire due to its many different conquests was seen as what type of society?, answer: multi-ethnic and multi-lingual | question: What helped the Germans dominate trade?, answer: naval innovations | question: What is the German work for German town law?, answer: Stadtrecht | question: Was the Hanseatic league exclusively German?, answer: The Hanseatic League was not exclusively German | question: What other ethnicities, besides German were part of The Empire?, answer: Dutch, Italian, French, Czech and Polish
At the same time, some Alsatians were in opposition to the Jacobins and sympathetic to the invading forces of Austria and Prussia who sought to crush the nascent revolutionary republic. Many of the residents of the Sundgau made "pilgrimages" to places like Mariastein Abbey, near Basel, in Switzerland, for baptisms and weddings. When the French Revolutionary Army of the Rhine was victorious, tens of thousands fled east before it. When they were later permitted to return (in some cases not until 1799), it was often to find that their lands and homes had been confiscated. These conditions led to emigration by hundreds of families to newly vacant lands in the Russian Empire in 1803–4 and again in 1808. A poignant retelling of this event based on what Goethe had personally witnessed can be found in his long poem Hermann and Dorothea.

question: Which two countries sought to crush the nascent republic?, answer: Austria and Prussia | question: What had happened to most of the people who fled Sungau during the war when they were allowed to return home?, answer: lands and homes had been confiscated | question: What was the name of the poem by Goethe?, answer: Hermann and Dorothea
At the same time, the political party reached its modern form, with a membership disciplined through the use of a party whip and the implementation of efficient structures of control. The Home Rule League Party, campaigning for Home Rule for Ireland in the British Parliament was fundamentally changed by the great Irish political leader Charles Stewart Parnell in the 1880s. In 1882, he changed his party's name to the Irish Parliamentary Party and created a well-organized grass roots structure, introducing membership to replace "ad hoc" informal groupings. He created a new selection procedure to ensure the professional selection of party candidates committed to taking their seats, and in 1884 he imposed a firm 'party pledge' which obliged MPs to vote as a bloc in parliament on all occasions. The creation of a strict party whip and a formal party structure was unique at the time. His party's efficient structure and control contrasted with the loose rules and flexible informality found in the main British parties; – they soon came to model themselves on the Parnellite model.

question: Who was the leader of the Irish political party in the 1880s?, answer: Charles Stewart Parnell | question: What did Charles Stewart Parnell change his parties name to in 1882?, answer: Irish Parliamentary Party | question: Did the Irish Parliamentary Party ever adopt the Parnellite model?, answer: they soon came to model themselves on the Parnellite model.
At the start of John's reign there was a sudden change in prices, as bad harvests and high demand for food resulted in much higher prices for grain and animals. This inflationary pressure was to continue for the rest of the 13th century and had long-term economic consequences for England. The resulting social pressures were complicated by bursts of deflation that resulted from John's military campaigns. It was usual at the time for the king to collect taxes in silver, which was then re-minted into new coins; these coins would then be put in barrels and sent to royal castles around the country, to be used to hire mercenaries or to meet other costs. At those times when John was preparing for campaigns in Normandy, for example, huge quantities of silver had to be withdrawn from the economy and stored for months, which unintentionally resulted in periods during which silver coins were simply hard to come by, commercial credit difficult to acquire and deflationary pressure placed on the economy. The result was political unrest across the country. John attempted to address some of the problems with the English currency in 1204 and 1205 by carrying out a radical overhaul of the coinage, improving its quality and consistency.

question: What happened at the start of John's reign?, answer: sudden change in prices | question: How long did the inflationary pressure continue?, answer: 13th century | question: When did John address problems with the English currency?, answer: 1204 and 1205 | question: How did he address the problems with the English currency?, answer: carrying out a radical overhaul of the coinage
At the start of a classic valley glacier is a bowl-shaped cirque, which has escarped walls on three sides but is open on the side that descends into the valley. Cirques are where ice begins to accumulate in a glacier. Two glacial cirques may form back to back and erode their backwalls until only a narrow ridge, called an arête is left. This structure may result in a mountain pass. If multiple cirques encircle a single mountain, they create pointed pyramidal peaks; particularly steep examples are called horns.

question: On which side is a cirque opened?, answer: the side that descends into the valley | question: Where does ice start accululating in a glacier?, answer: Cirques | question: What is a narrow ridge formed by two cirques eroding back to back called?, answer: arête | question: What are extremely steep cirques called?, answer: horns | question: How many sides are closed in a typical cirque?, answer: three sides
At the start of her reign Victoria was popular, but her reputation suffered in an 1839 court intrigue when one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting, Lady Flora Hastings, developed an abdominal growth that was widely rumoured to be an out-of-wedlock pregnancy by Sir John Conroy. Victoria believed the rumours. She hated Conroy, and despised "that odious Lady Flora", because she had conspired with Conroy and the Duchess of Kent in the Kensington System. At first, Lady Flora refused to submit to a naked medical examination, until in mid-February she eventually agreed, and was found to be a virgin. Conroy, the Hastings family and the opposition Tories organised a press campaign implicating the Queen in the spreading of false rumours about Lady Flora. When Lady Flora died in July, the post-mortem revealed a large tumour on her liver that had distended her abdomen. At public appearances, Victoria was hissed and jeered as "Mrs. Melbourne".

question: What health issue did Flora hastings develope that began to ruin Victorias reputation?, answer: an abdominal growth | question: What was the job of lady Flora Hastings in Victorias household?, answer: one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting | question: What was Flora hastings abdominal growth rumored to be?, answer: an out-of-wedlock pregnancy | question: Who was rumored to be the father of Flora Hastings "pregnancy"?, answer: Sir John Conroy | question: What year did Victorias reputation begin to suffer?, answer: 1839 | question: What lady in waiting was at the heart of a 1839 court scandal?, answer: Lady Flora Hastings | question: What was the cause of Lady Flora's death in July?, answer: large tumour on her liver | question: With whom did Lady Flora consipire against Queen Victoria?, answer: Conroy and the Duchess of Kent | question: What was Queen Victoria called after Lady Flora's death due?, answer: Mrs. Melbourne | question: Who, in Victoria's court, was accused of having a pregnancy outside of mariage?, answer: one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting, Lady Flora Hastings | question: Who was believed to be the father of Lady Flor's "baby"?, answer: Sir John Conroy | question: What did Victoria think of Lady Flora?, answer: despised | question: Why did Victoria hate Sir Conroy and Lady Flora?, answer: the Kensington System | question: What was actually the cause of Lady Flora's "pregnancy"?, answer: large tumour on her liver that had distended her abdomen
At the time of Australia's federation on 1 January 1901, Melbourne became the seat of government of the federation. The first federal parliament was convened on 9 May 1901 in the Royal Exhibition Building, subsequently moving to the Victorian Parliament House where it was located until 1927, when it was moved to Canberra. The Governor-General of Australia resided at Government House in Melbourne until 1930 and many major national institutions remained in Melbourne well into the twentieth century.

question: Where was the first federal parliament convened in 1901?, answer: Royal Exhibition Building | question: The Governor-General of Australia resided at the Government House in Melbourne until what year?, answer: 1930 | question: Where was the federal parliament moved after 1927?, answer: Canberra | question: On what date was the first federal parliament convened?, answer: 9 May 1901
At the time of Harold Evans' appointment as editor in 1981, The Times had an average daily sale of 282,000 copies in comparison to the 1.4 million daily sales of its traditional rival The Daily Telegraph. By November 2005 The Times sold an average of 691,283 copies per day, the second-highest of any British "quality" newspaper (after The Daily Telegraph, which had a circulation of 903,405 copies in the period), and the highest in terms of full-rate sales. By March 2014, average daily circulation of The Times had fallen to 394,448 copies, compared to The Daily Telegraph's 523,048, with the two retaining respectively the second-highest and highest circulations among British "quality" newspapers. In contrast The Sun, the highest-selling "tabloid" daily newspaper in the United Kingdom, sold an average of 2,069,809 copies in March 2014, and the Daily Mail, the highest-selling "middle market" British daily newspaper, sold an average of 1,708,006 copies in the period.

question: What year was Harold Evans appointed to editor of The Times?, answer: 1981 | question: The Times has a traditional rival with what other major British newspaper?, answer: The Daily Telegraph | question: What is the name of the highest-selling tabloid daily newspaper in the United Kingdom?, answer: The Sun | question: What is the name of the highest-selling middle market British daily newspaper?, answer: Daily Mail
At the time of her accession, the government was led by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne, who at once became a powerful influence on the politically inexperienced Queen, who relied on him for advice. Charles Greville supposed that the widowed and childless Melbourne was "passionately fond of her as he might be of his daughter if he had one", and Victoria probably saw him as a father figure. Her coronation took place on 28 June 1838 at Westminster Abbey. Over 400,000 visitors came to London for the celebrations. She became the first sovereign to take up residence at Buckingham Palace and inherited the revenues of the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall as well as being granted a civil list allowance of £385,000 per year. Financially prudent, she paid off her father's debts.

question: Who was in charge of the Governemnt at the time of Victorias ascession?, answer: Lord Melbourne | question: What was the name of the Whig Prime minister at the time of Victorias ascession?, answer: Lord Melbourne | question: When was Queen Victorias coronation held?, answer: 28 June 1838 | question: Where was Victorias coronation held?, answer: Westminster Abbey | question: How many visitors came to London for Victorias coronation?, answer: Over 400,000 | question: When did Victoria's coronation take place at Westminster Abbey?, answer: 28 June 1838 | question: Who thought that Melbourne saw Victoria as if she was his daughter?, answer: Charles Greville | question: How many people visited London for the Coronation of Queen Victoria?, answer: 400,000 | question: What was Victoria's allowance upon becoming Queen?, answer: £385,000 per year | question: What Whig was prime minister during Victoria's accession?, answer: Lord Melbourne | question: Who was leading the government at the time of Victoria's accension?, answer: Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne | question: What kind of influence was Melbourne to Victoria?, answer: powerful | question: When was Victoria's coronation?, answer: 28 June 1838 | question: What major accomplishment did Victoria achieve with her civil list allowance?, answer: she paid off her father's debts | question: Where did Queen Victoria reside?, answer: Buckingham Palace
At the time of its launch, TCM was available to approximately one million cable television subscribers. The network originally served as a competitor to AMC – which at the time was known as "American Movie Classics" and maintained a virtually identical format to TCM, as both networks largely focused on films released prior to 1970 and aired them in an uncut, uncolorized, and commercial-free format. AMC had broadened its film content to feature colorized and more recent films by 2002 and abandoned its commercial-free format, leaving TCM as the only movie-oriented cable channel to devote its programming entirely to classic films without commercial interruption.

question: How many subscribers had access to TCM upon it launch?, answer: one million | question: When TCM premiered, what was AMC called?, answer: American Movie Classics | question: What sorts of films did American Movie Classics primarily show?, answer: released prior to 1970 | question: By what year was AMC showing commercials?, answer: 2002
At the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-nineteenth century, which included Cape Colony (Great Britain), Angola (Portugal), and Algeria (France), but until the late nineteenth century Europe largely traded with free African states without feeling the need for territorial possession. Until the 1880s most of Africa remained unchartered, with western maps from the period generally showing blank spaces for the continent’s interior.

question: What percent of the worlds population did Africa posses at the Berlin Conference?, answer: one-fifth | question: What was Europe's perspective o Africa containing one-fifth of the worlds population?, answer: they were dividing an unknown continent. | question: When did European countries establish colonies in Africa?, answer: the mid-nineteenth century, | question: Europe did not feel the need to posses territory in Africa until?, answer: 1880s | question: How did maps show Africa Before 1880?, answer: generally showing blank spaces for the continent’s interior.
At the time of the Roman Empire, about two thousand years ago, various tribes, which spoke Celtic dialects of the Insular Celtic group, were inhabiting the islands. The Romans expanded their civilisation to control southern Great Britain but were impeded in advancing any further, building Hadrian's Wall to mark the northern frontier of their empire in 122 AD. At that time, Ireland was populated by a people known as Hiberni, the northern third or so of Great Britain by a people known as Picts and the southern two thirds by Britons.

question: The people that lived in the British Isles during the Roman Empire era spoke which language?, answer: Celtic dialects of the Insular Celtic group | question: What was the name of the wall that the Romans built to mark their northern territory in the British Isles in 122AD?, answer: Hadrian's Wall | question: During the Roman Empire occupation in the British Isles, what was the name of the people that lived in Ireland?, answer: Hiberni | question: The northern area of Great Britain was populated by what native people during the Roman Empire occupation?, answer: Picts | question: What was the name of the native people that lived in the southern parts of the British Isles during the Roman Empire occupation?, answer: Britons