lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The core technology used in a videoconferencing system is digital compression of audio and video streams in real time. The hardware or software that performs compression is called a codec (coder/decoder). Compression rates of up to 1:500 can be achieved. The resulting digital stream of 1s and 0s is subdivided into labeled packets, which are then transmitted through a digital network of some kind (usually ISDN or IP). The use of audio modems in the transmission line allow for the use of POTS, or the Plain Old Telephone System, in some low-speed applications, such as videotelephony, because they convert the digital pulses to/from analog waves in the audio spectrum range.

question: What is the software that performs audio and/or video compression?, answer: a codec (coder/decoder) | question: How high can compression rates go?, answer: 1:500 | question: What is one digital network through which a digital stream can be transmitted?, answer: IP | question: What does POTS stand for?, answer: Plain Old Telephone System | question: What do POTS do?, answer: convert the digital pulses to/from analog waves
The coronation of Charlemagne as emperor on Christmas Day 800 is regarded as a turning point in medieval history, marking a return of the Western Roman Empire, since the new emperor ruled over much of the area previously controlled by the western emperors. It also marks a change in Charlemagne's relationship with the Byzantine Empire, as the assumption of the imperial title by the Carolingians asserted their equivalence to the Byzantine state. There were several differences between the newly established Carolingian Empire and both the older Western Roman Empire and the concurrent Byzantine Empire. The Frankish lands were rural in character, with only a few small cities. Most of the people were peasants settled on small farms. Little trade existed and much of that was with the British Isles and Scandinavia, in contrast to the older Roman Empire with its trading networks centred on the Mediterranean. The empire was administered by an itinerant court that travelled with the emperor, as well as approximately 300 imperial officials called counts, who administered the counties the empire had been divided into. Clergy and local bishops served as officials, as well as the imperial officials called missi dominici, who served as roving inspectors and troubleshooters.

question: On what date did Charlemagne assume the imperial title?, answer: Christmas Day 800 | question: Of what class were most inhabitants of the Carolingian Empire?, answer: peasants | question: About how many counts existed in the Carolingian Empire?, answer: 300 | question: In what settlements did most inhabitants of the Carolingian Empire live?, answer: small farms | question: Along with the British Isles, with what land did the Carolingians trade?, answer: Scandinavia
The cosmopolitan and multicultural nature of modern Guam poses challenges for Chamorros struggling to preserve their culture and identity amidst forces of acculturation. The increasing numbers of Chamorros, especially Chamorro youth, relocating to the U.S. Mainland has further complicated both definition and preservation of Chamorro identity.[citation needed] While only a few masters exist to continue traditional art forms, the resurgence of interest among the Chamorros to preserve the language and culture has resulted in a growing number of young Chamorros who seek to continue the ancient ways of the Chamorro people.

question: What posses some challenges for the Chamorros who find it hard to keep their culture?, answer: cosmopolitan and multicultural nature of modern Guam | question: What else has led to the Chamorro find it hard to keep their culture that involves it's children?, answer: relocating to the U.S. Mainland | question: What has recently led to a resurgence in the Chamorros culture and preservation of their old ways?, answer: young Chamorros who seek to continue the ancient ways of the Chamorro people.
The cottonseed which remains after the cotton is ginned is used to produce cottonseed oil, which, after refining, can be consumed by humans like any other vegetable oil. The cottonseed meal that is left generally is fed to ruminant livestock; the gossypol remaining in the meal is toxic to monogastric animals. Cottonseed hulls can be added to dairy cattle rations for roughage. During the American slavery period, cotton root bark was used in folk remedies as an abortifacient, that is, to induce a miscarriage. Gossypol was one of the many substances found in all parts of the cotton plant and it was described by the scientists as 'poisonous pigment'. It also appears to inhibit the development of sperm or even restrict the mobility of the sperm. Also, it is thought to interfere with the menstrual cycle by restricting the release of certain hormones.

question: For what is cottonseed used after it is separate from the fibers?, answer: cottonseed oil | question: What product is processed cottonseed oil?, answer: vegetable oil. | question: What is cottonseed meal used for feed?, answer: ruminant livestock | question: For what purpose are cottonseed hulls used in feed?, answer: roughage | question: As what did early scientists describe gossypol ?, answer: poisonous pigment
The country currency is the Samoan tālā, issued and regulated by the Central Bank of Samoa. The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on agriculture and fishing at the local level. In modern times, development aid, private family remittances from overseas, and agricultural exports have become key factors in the nation's economy. Agriculture employs two-thirds of the labour force, and furnishes 90% of exports, featuring coconut cream, coconut oil, noni (juice of the nonu fruit, as it is known in Samoan), and copra.

question: What institution is in charge of Samoa's currency?, answer: Central Bank of Samoa | question: In addition to agriculture, what industry historically supported Samoa's local economy?, answer: fishing | question: What fruit juice is a major Samoan export?, answer: noni | question: What portion of Samoa works in agriculture?, answer: two-thirds | question: What kind of oil does Samoa export?, answer: coconut
The country is a significant agricultural producer within the EU. Greece has the largest economy in the Balkans and is as an important regional investor. Greece was the largest foreign investor in Albania in 2013, the third in Bulgaria, in the top-three in Romania and Serbia and the most important trading partner and largest foreign investor in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. The Greek telecommunications company OTE has become a strong investor in former Yugoslavia and in other Balkan countries.

question: What is Greece a significant producer of within the EU?, answer: agricultural | question: Greece has the largest what in the Balkans?, answer: economy | question: What was Albania's largest foreign investor in 2013?, answer: Greece | question: Who is Greece the most important trading partner to?, answer: Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | question: What Greek telecommunications company has become a strong investor in former Yugoslavia?, answer: OTE
The country was controlled by a revolutionary council until 1984. The first multi-party elections were held in 1994. An army uprising in May 1998 led to the Guinea-Bissau Civil War and the president's ousting in June 1999. Elections were held again in 2000, and Kumba Ialá was elected president.

question: Who controlled the country prior to 1984?, answer: a revolutionary council | question: When were the first multi-party elections held?, answer: 1994 | question: What led to the Guinea-Bissau Civil War?, answer: An army uprising | question: When was the president ousted?, answer: June 1999 | question: Who was elected president in the 2000 election?, answer: Kumba Ialá
The country was historically about evenly balanced between Catholic and Protestant, with a complex patchwork of majorities over most of the country. Geneva converted to Protestantism in 1536, just before John Calvin arrived there. One canton, Appenzell, was officially divided into Catholic and Protestant sections in 1597. The larger cities and their cantons (Bern, Geneva, Lausanne, Zürich and Basel) used to be predominantly Protestant. Central Switzerland, the Valais, the Ticino, Appenzell Innerrhodes, the Jura, and Fribourg are traditionally Catholic. The Swiss Constitution of 1848, under the recent impression of the clashes of Catholic vs. Protestant cantons that culminated in the Sonderbundskrieg, consciously defines a consociational state, allowing the peaceful co-existence of Catholics and Protestants. A 1980 initiative calling for the complete separation of church and state was rejected by 78.9% of the voters. Some traditionally Protestant cantons and cities nowadays have a slight Catholic majority, not because they were growing in members, quite the contrary, but only because since about 1970 a steadily growing minority became not affiliated with any church or other religious body (21.4% in Switzerland, 2012) especially in traditionally Protestant regions, such as Basel-City (42%), canton of Neuchâtel (38%), canton of Geneva (35%), canton of Vaud (26%), or Zürich city (city: >25%; canton: 23%).

question: When did Geneva convert to Protestantism?, answer: 1536 | question: How is a consociational state defined by the Constitution of 1848?, answer: allowing the peaceful co-existence of Catholics and Protestants | question: When was the calling for a complete separation from church and state rejected by the majority of voters?, answer: 1980 | question: What percentage of voters rejected the separation of church and state in 1980?, answer: 78.9%
The county has a long tradition of supplying freestone and building stone. Quarries at Doulting supplied freestone used in the construction of Wells Cathedral. Bath stone is also widely used. Ralph Allen promoted its use in the early 18th century, as did Hans Price in the 19th century, but it was used long before then. It was mined underground at Combe Down and Bathampton Down Mines, and as a result of cutting the Box Tunnel, at locations in Wiltshire such as Box. Bath stone is still used on a reduced scale today, but more often as a cladding rather than a structural material. Further south, Hamstone is the colloquial name given to stone from Ham Hill, which is also widely used in the construction industry. Blue Lias has been used locally as a building stone and as a raw material for lime mortar and Portland cement. Until the 1960s, Puriton had Blue Lias stone quarries, as did several other Polden villages. Its quarries also supplied a cement factory at Dunball, adjacent to the King's Sedgemoor Drain. Its derelict, early 20th century remains, was removed when the M5 motorway was constructed in the mid-1970s. Since the 1920s, the county has supplied aggregates. Foster Yeoman is Europe's large supplier of limestone aggregates, with quarries at Merehead Quarry. It has a dedicated railway operation, Mendip Rail, which is used to transport aggregates by rail from a group of Mendip quarries.

question: What type of stone was supplied in the county, answer: supplying freestone and building stone | question: Who promoted the use of stone from the Bath area, answer: Ralph Allen promoted its use in the early 18th century, as did Hans Price in the 19th century | question: What are some uses for Blue Lias, answer: Blue Lias has been used locally as a building stone and as a raw material for lime mortar and Portland cement | question: What has been supplied by the county since the 1920's, answer: the county has supplied aggregates. Foster Yeoman is Europe's large supplier of limestone aggregates
The county has several museums; those at Bath include the American Museum in Britain, the Museum of Bath Architecture, the Herschel Museum of Astronomy, the Jane Austen Centre, and the Roman Baths. Other visitor attractions which reflect the cultural heritage of the county include: Claverton Pumping Station, Dunster Working Watermill, the Fleet Air Arm Museum at Yeovilton, Nunney Castle, The Helicopter Museum in Weston-super-Mare, King John's Hunting Lodge in Axbridge, Blake Museum Bridgwater, Radstock Museum, Museum of Somerset in Taunton, the Somerset Rural Life Museum in Glastonbury, and Westonzoyland Pumping Station Museum.

question: What some of the Museums in Bath, answer: American Museum in Britain, the Museum of Bath Architecture, the Herschel Museum of Astronomy, the Jane Austen Centre, and the Roman Baths | question: What are some other attractions, answer: Claverton Pumping Station, Dunster Working Watermill, the Fleet Air Arm Museum at Yeovilton, Nunney Castle, The Helicopter Museum in Weston-super-Mare | question: Where is the Museum of Somerset, answer: in Taunton | question: What is the name of the museum in Glastonbury, answer: the Somerset Rural Life Museum in Glastonbury
The county was established in 1182, later than many other counties. During Roman times the area was part of the Brigantes tribal area in the military zone of Roman Britain. The towns of Manchester, Lancaster, Ribchester, Burrow, Elslack and Castleshaw grew around Roman forts. In the centuries after the Roman withdrawal in 410AD the northern parts of the county probably formed part of the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged, a successor entity to the Brigantes tribe. During the mid-8th century, the area was incorporated into the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria, which became a part of England in the 10th century.

question: When was Lancashire established?, answer: 1182 | question: When was the area part of Brigantes tribal area?, answer: Roman times | question: In what year did the northern parts of the country form the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged?, answer: 410AD | question: What is the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged?, answer: a successor entity to the Brigantes tribe | question: When was the area incorporated into Northumbria?, answer: mid-8th century
The county was subject to significant boundary reform in 1974 that removed Liverpool and Manchester and most of their surrounding conurbations to form the metropolitan counties of Merseyside and Greater Manchester. The detached northern part of Lancashire in the Lake District, including the Furness Peninsula and Cartmel, was merged with Cumberland and Westmorland to form Cumbria. Lancashire lost 709 square miles of land to other counties, about two fifths of its original area, although it did gain some land from the West Riding of Yorkshire. Today the county borders Cumbria to the north, Greater Manchester and Merseyside to the south and North and West Yorkshire to the east; with a coastline on the Irish Sea to the west. The county palatine boundaries remain the same[clarification needed] with the Duke of Lancaster exercising sovereignty rights, including the appointment of lords lieutenant in Greater Manchester and Merseyside.

question: When was Liverpool and Manchester removed from Lancashire boundaries?, answer: 1974 | question: How many miles of land did Lancashire lose to other countries?, answer: 709 | question: What is to the north of Lancashire today?, answer: Cumbria | question: What is to the east of Lancashire today?, answer: West Yorkshire | question: Who exercises sovereignty rights for Lancashire?, answer: Duke of Lancaster
The coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and had to be expunged. "People's Courts" were founded to try various monarchist politicians and journalists, and though many were imprisoned, none were executed. Idris was sentenced to execution in absentia.

question: What did the RCC do with remnants of the monarchy?, answer: They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces | question: What happened to Idris?, answer: Idris was sentenced to execution in absentia. | question: How did Gaddafi view the elite?, answer: Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and had to be expunged. | question: What happened to the monarchists and and journalists?, answer: "People's Courts" were founded to try various monarchist politicians and journalists, and though many were imprisoned, none were executed. | question: What clan was King Idris part of?, answer: Senussi | question: How many people were executed by the People's Courts?, answer: none | question: What sentence was given to the absent King Idris?, answer: execution | question: Along with the Senussi, who was purged from the military?, answer: monarchists | question: Along with journalists, who was tried in the People's Courts?, answer: monarchist politicians
The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to the court's embrace of the "wall of separation" metaphor: "I think that the Court's task, in this as in all areas of constitutional adjudication, is not responsibly aided by the uncritical invocation of metaphors like the "wall of separation," a phrase nowhere to be found in the Constitution."

question: What was one of the reasons early colonists left England to seek religious freedom in America?, answer: governmentally composed prayers for religious services | question: Who was the lone dissenter in the Supreme Court's ruling?, answer: Justice Potter Stewart | question: What did Stewart object to?, answer: the court's embrace of the "wall of separation" metaphor | question: Stewart felt the court was not responsibly aided by the uncritical invocation of what?, answer: metaphors | question: Stewart pointed out that the phrase "Wall of separation" was nowhere to be found in what?, answer: the Constitution
The court ruled in 2014, after lengthy testimony, that at least two districts had to be redrawn because of gerrymandering. After this was appealed, in July 2015 the Florida Supreme Court ruled that lawmakers had followed an illegal and unconstitutional process overly influenced by party operatives, and ruled that at least eight districts had to be redrawn. On December 2, 2015, a 5-2 majority of the Court accepted a new map of congressional districts, some of which was drawn by challengers. Their ruling affirmed the map previously approved by Leon County Judge Terry Lewis, who had overseen the original trial. It particularly makes changes in South Florida. There are likely to be additional challenges to the map and districts.

question: Why did the 2 districts have to be redrawn in 2014, answer: that at least two districts had to be redrawn because of gerrymandering | question: How many were ruled to be redrawn in 2015, answer: lawmakers had followed an illegal and unconstitutional process overly influenced by party operatives, and ruled that at least eight districts had to be redrawn | question: What was the court vote on the new congressional map in 2015, answer: a 5-2 majority of the Court accepted a new map of congressional districts | question: Are there any more changes coming to the map, answer: There are likely to be additional challenges to the map and districts.
The court, however, explicitly made it clear that the purpose of the review was "not a verdict on Tito as a figure or on his concrete actions, as well as not a historical weighing of facts and circumstances". Slovenia has several streets and squares named after Tito, notably Tito Square in Velenje, incorporating a 10-meter statue.

question: Tito Square is located in what Slovenian city?, answer: Velenje | question: How tall is the statue in Tito Square?, answer: 10-meter | question: Where is a 10-meter statue of Tito located?, answer: Tito Square | question: Where is Velenje located?, answer: Slovenia
The craft has also been popular in early medieval Rus, inherited as part of the Byzantine tradition. Yaroslav, the Grand Prince of the Kievan Rus' built a large cathedral in his capital, Kiev. The model of the church was the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, and it was also called Saint Sophia Cathedral. It was built mainly by Byzantine master craftsmen, sent by Constantine Monomachos, between 1037 and 1046. Naturally the more important surfaces in the interior were decorated with golden mosaics. In the dome we can see the traditional stern Pantokrator supported by angels. Between the 12 windows of the drum were apostles and the four evangelists on the pendentives. The apse is dominated by an orant Theotokos with a Deesis in three medallions above. Below is a Communion of the Apostles.

question: Yaroslav held what title in medieval Russia?, answer: Grand Prince of the Kievan Rus' | question: Where did Yaroslav build his Cathedral?, answer: Kiev | question: What was used as a model for the church Yaroslav commissioned?, answer: the Hagia Sophia | question: What was the name of the church Yaroslav commissioned?, answer: Saint Sophia Cathedral | question: Who sent the Byzantine craftsmen that built Yaroslav's cathedral?, answer: Constantine Monomachos
The creation of a modern industrial economy took place. With the creation of a transportation and communication infrastructure, the corporation became the dominant form of business organization and a managerial revolution transformed business operations. In 1890, Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act—the source of all American anti-monopoly laws. The law forbade every contract, scheme, deal, or conspiracy to restrain trade, though the phrase "restraint of trade" remained subjective. By the beginning of the 20th century, per capita income and industrial production in the United States exceeded that of any other country except Britain. Long hours and hazardous working conditions led many workers to attempt to form labor unions despite strong opposition from industrialists and the courts. But the courts did protect the marketplace, declaring the Standard Oil group to be an "unreasonable" monopoly under the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1911. It ordered Standard to break up into 34 independent companies with different boards of directors.

question: What creations brought in the modern industrial economy?, answer: transportation and communication infrastructure | question: What became the dominant form of business organization?, answer: the corporation | question: What transformed business organization in 1890?, answer: managerial revolution | question: The Sherman Antitrust Act is the source of what?, answer: all American anti-monopoly laws. | question: What was he Standard Oil Group determined to be by the courts?, answer: an "unreasonable" monopoly
The creation of a unified German Empire ended the balance of power that had been created with the Congress of Vienna after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Germany had established itself as the main power in continental Europe with the most powerful and professional army in the world.[citation needed] Although Great Britain remained the dominant world power, British involvement in European affairs during the late 19th century was very limited, allowing Germany to exercise great influence over the European mainland.[citation needed] Besides, the Crown Prince's marriage with the daughter of Queen Victoria was only the most prominent of several German–British relationships.

question: A unified German Empire ended the balance of power in which congress?, answer: Congress of Vienna | question: At the end of the Napoleonic wars, Germany had established itself as what, in continental Europe?, answer: the main power | question: Who remained the dominant world power at this time?, answer: Great Britain | question: British involvement in European matters in the late 19th century was considered what?, answer: very limited | question: The Crown Prince's marriage to whom was considered the most prominent of German-British royal liasons?, answer: the daughter of Queen Victoria