lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In 1970, Kerry had considered running for Congress in the Democratic primary against hawkish Democrat Philip J. Philbin of Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district, but deferred in favour of Robert Drinan, a Jesuit priest and anti-war activist, who went on to defeat Philbin. In February 1972, Kerry's wife bought a house in Worcester, with Kerry intending to run against the 4th district's ageing thirteen-term incumbent Democrat, Harold Donohue. The couple never moved in. After Republican Congressman F. Bradford Morse of the neighbouring 5th district announced his retirement and then resignation to become Under-Secretary-General for Political and General Assembly Affairs at the United Nations. The couple instead rented an apartment in Lowell, so that Kerry could run to succeed him.

question: Who had Kerry considered running against in 1970?, answer: Democrat Philip J. Philbin | question: In which district had Kerry considered running in 1970?, answer: Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district | question: Who ran against Philbin instead of Kerry?, answer: Robert Drinan | question: Why did Morse retire?, answer: to become Under-Secretary-General for Political and General Assembly Affairs at the United Nations | question: What political party was Morse in?, answer: Republican
In 1970, President Nasser died and was succeeded by Anwar Sadat. Sadat switched Egypt's Cold War allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States, expelling Soviet advisors in 1972. He launched the Infitah economic reform policy, while clamping down on religious and secular opposition. In 1973, Egypt, along with Syria, launched the October War, a surprise attack to regain part of the Sinai territory Israel had captured 6 years earlier. it presented Sadat with a victory that allowed him to regain the Sinai later in return for peace with Israel.

question: When did Nasser die?, answer: 1970 | question: Who succeeded Nasser?, answer: Anwar Sadat | question: Which side of the Cold War was Sadat?, answer: United States, | question: What was the October War?, answer: surprise attack to regain part of the Sinai territory Israel had captured 6 years earlier | question: What did Sadat exchange for the remainder of Sinai?, answer: peace with Israel
In 1970, the New Haven Black Panther trials took place, the largest and longest trials in Connecticut history. Black Panther Party co-founder Bobby Seale and ten other Party members were tried for murdering an alleged informant. Beginning on May Day, the city became a center of protest for 12,000 Panther supporters, college students, and New Left activists (including Jean Genet, Benjamin Spock, Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, and John Froines), who amassed on the New Haven Green, across the street from where the trials were being held. Violent confrontations between the demonstrators and the New Haven police occurred, and several bombs were set off in the area by radicals. The event became a rallying point for the New Left and critics of the Nixon Administration.

question: What New Haven trial is known to be the longest in the history of Connecticut?, answer: New Haven Black Panther trials | question: In what year did the New Haven Black Panther trials take place in New Haven?, answer: 1970 | question: Who was the co-founder of the Black Panthers that was placed on trial in New Haven?, answer: Bobby Seale | question: What day marked the beginning of New Haven being overwhelmed by 12,000 individuals protesting the Black Panther trials?, answer: May Day | question: In what central New Haven location did protesters of the Black Panther trials congregate?, answer: New Haven Green | question: What political movement group is known in within city among non whites?, answer: Black Panther | question: How many attended the trials of the Black Panther in 1970?, answer: 12,000 | question: The protest of trial result in what specifically?, answer: Violent confrontations | question: The protest also initiate the start of criticizing what presidential administration?, answer: the Nixon Administration | question: What was the name of one of the party's leader that also happen to be on trial?, answer: Bobby Seale
In 1971, Akira Endo, a Japanese biochemist working for the pharmaceutical company Sankyo, identified mevastatin (ML-236B), a molecule produced by the fungus Penicillium citrinum, as an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, a critical enzyme used by the body to produce cholesterol. Animal trials showed very good inhibitory effect as in clinical trials, however a long term study in dogs found toxic effects at higher doses and as a result mevastatin was believed to be too toxic for human use. Mevastatin was never marketed, because of its adverse effects of tumors, muscle deterioration, and sometimes death in laboratory dogs.

question: Why was Mevastatin never marketed?, answer: adverse effects of tumors, muscle deterioration, and sometimes death | question: Who discovered Mevastatin?, answer: Akira Endo | question: What is HMG-CoA responsible for producing?, answer: cholesterol | question: Where did Endo discover ML-236B?, answer: Penicillium citrinum | question: What was discovered in long term studies?, answer: too toxic for human use | question: In what year was mevastatin discovered?, answer: 1971 | question: Who discovered mevastatin?, answer: Akira Endo | question: What organism produces mevastatin?, answer: Penicillium citrinum | question: What enzyme helps produce cholesterol?, answer: HMG-CoA reductase
In 1971, Tito was re-elected as President of Yugoslavia by the Federal Assembly for the sixth time. In his speech before the Federal Assembly he introduced 20 sweeping constitutional amendments that would provide an updated framework on which the country would be based. The amendments provided for a collective presidency, a 22-member body consisting of elected representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces. The body would have a single chairman of the presidency and chairmanship would rotate among six republics. When the Federal Assembly fails to agree on legislation, the collective presidency would have the power to rule by decree. Amendments also provided for stronger cabinet with considerable power to initiate and pursue legislature independently from the Communist Party. Džemal Bijedić was chosen as the Premier. The new amendments aimed to decentralize the country by granting greater autonomy to republics and provinces. The federal government would retain authority only over foreign affairs, defense, internal security, monetary affairs, free trade within Yugoslavia, and development loans to poorer regions. Control of education, healthcare, and housing would be exercised entirely by the governments of the republics and the autonomous provinces.

question: In what year was Tito reelected president of Yugoslavia for the sixth time?, answer: 1971 | question: Who elected Tito president in 1971?, answer: Federal Assembly | question: How many sweeping constitutional amendments did Tito introduce in 1971?, answer: 20 | question: Who was chosen as a premier in 1971 in Yugoslavia?, answer: Bijedić | question: What branch of the Yugoslav government would retain control over foreign affairs, defense and internal security?, answer: federal
In 1971, the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare approached Marvel Comics editor-in-chief Stan Lee to do a comic book story about drug abuse. Lee agreed and wrote a three-part Spider-Man story portraying drug use as dangerous and unglamorous. However, the industry's self-censorship board, the Comics Code Authority, refused to approve the story because of the presence of narcotics, deeming the context of the story irrelevant. Lee, with Goodman's approval, published the story regardless in The Amazing Spider-Man #96–98 (May–July 1971), without the Comics Code seal. The market reacted well to the storyline, and the CCA subsequently revised the Code the same year.

question: What government agency asked Marvel to do a series of stories to publicize an issue?, answer: United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare | question: What issue was Marvel asked to tackle for this agency?, answer: drug abuse | question: What comic book series did stories related to this issue appear in?, answer: Spider-Man | question: What industry censorship and standards organization tried to block publication of this series?, answer: Comics Code Authority | question: What were the issue dates of the three-episode series on this public health issue?, answer: May–July 1971
In 1972, Queen entered discussions with Trident Studios after being spotted at De La Lane Studios by John Anthony and after discussions were offered a management deal by Norman Sheffield under Neptune Productions, a subsidiary of Trident to manage the band and enable them to use the facilities at Trident to record new material whilst the management search for a record label to sign Queen. This suited both parties at the time as Trident were expanding into management and Queen under the deal were able to make use of the hi-tech recording facilities shared by bands at the time such as the Beatles and Elton John to produce new material. However, Trident found it difficult to find a label for a band bearing a name with such connotation during the early 1970s.

question: Who offered Queen a management deal in 1972?, answer: Norman Sheffield | question: Which singer used Trident studios in addition to Queen and the Beatles?, answer: Elton John | question: What was the name of Trident's subsidiary?, answer: Neptune Productions | question: Where was Queen spotted before entering discussions with Trident?, answer: De La Lane Studios | question: In what year did Queen enter discussions with Trident studios?, answer: 1972
In 1972, Walter Fiers and his team at the University of Ghent were the first to determine the sequence of a gene: the gene for Bacteriophage MS2 coat protein. The subsequent development of chain-termination DNA sequencing in 1977 by Frederick Sanger improved the efficiency of sequencing and turned it into a routine laboratory tool. An automated version of the Sanger method was used in early phases of the Human Genome Project.

question: When was the first sequence of a gene determined?, answer: In 1972 | question: What was the first gene to be sequenced?, answer: the gene for Bacteriophage MS2 coat protein | question: Who developed chain termination DNA sequencing in 1977?, answer: Frederick Sanger | question: What did the devlopment of the chain termination DNA sequencing method do for the sequencing process?, answer: improved the efficiency of sequencing and turned it into a routine laboratory tool. | question: What project used an automated version of the Sanger method in its early stages?, answer: the Human Genome Project
In 1972, in a mosque in the city of Sana'a, Yemen, manuscripts were discovered that were later proved to be the most ancient Quranic text known to exist at the time. The Sana'a manuscripts contain palimpsests, a manuscript page from which the text has been washed off to make the parchment reusable again—a practice which was common in ancient times due to scarcity of writing material. However, the faint washed-off underlying text (scriptio inferior) is still barely visible and believed to be "pre-Uthmanic" Quranic content, while the text written on top (scriptio superior) is believed to belong to Uthmanic time. Studies using radiocarbon dating indicate that the parchments are dated to the period before 671 AD with a 99 percent probability.

question: What is the term for recycled parchments used in ancient manuscripts?, answer: palimpsests | question: Before which year were the Sana'a manuscripts produced?, answer: 671 AD | question: What version of the Quran was the scriptio superior of the Sana'a manuscripts?, answer: Uthmanic | question: In which city was evidence of pre-Uthmanic Quranic writing discovered in 1972?, answer: Sana'a, Yemen
In 1972, the French physicist Francis Perrin discovered fifteen ancient and no longer active natural nuclear fission reactors in three separate ore deposits at the Oklo mine in Gabon, West Africa, collectively known as the Oklo Fossil Reactors. The ore deposit is 1.7 billion years old; then, uranium-235 constituted about 3% of the total uranium on Earth. This is high enough to permit a sustained nuclear fission chain reaction to occur, provided other supporting conditions exist. The capacity of the surrounding sediment to contain the nuclear waste products has been cited by the U.S. federal government as supporting evidence for the feasibility to store spent nuclear fuel at the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository.

question: Of what nationality was Perrin?, answer: French | question: In what county was the Oklo mine located?, answer: Gabon | question: How old are the ore deposits in the Oklo mine?, answer: 1.7 billion years | question: When the Oklo mine ore deposits came into being, what percentage of uranium on Earth consisted of uranium-235?, answer: 3% | question: Where in the United States is there a nuclear waste repository?, answer: Yucca Mountain
In 1972, the Presbyterian Church of England (PCofE) united with the Congregational Church in England and Wales to form the United Reformed Church (URC). Among the congregations the PCofE brought to the URC were Tunley (Lancashire), Aston Tirrold (Oxfordshire) and John Knox Presbyterian Church, Stepney, London (now part of Stepney Meeting House URC) – these are among the sole survivors today of the English Presbyterian churches of the 17th century. The URC also has a presence in Scotland, mostly of former Congregationalist Churches. Two former Presbyterian congregations, St Columba's, Cambridge (founded in 1879), and St Columba's, Oxford (founded as a chaplaincy by the PCofE and the Church of Scotland in 1908 and as a congregation of the PCofE in 1929), continue as congregations of the URC and university chaplaincies of the Church of Scotland.

question: In what year did the Church of England and the Congregational Church in England and Waled unite?, answer: 1972 | question: What are the two former Presbyterian congregations in England?, answer: St Columba's, Cambridge (founded in 1879), and St Columba's, Oxford | question: What was the name of the group that was created whenPresbyterian Church of England (PCofE) united with the Congregational Church in England and Wales were united?, answer: United Reformed Church
In 1974 ministerial government was introduced to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony through a change to the Constitution. In that year a general election was held; and a referendum was held in December 1974 to determine whether the Gilbert Islands and Ellice Islands should each have their own administration. As a consequence of the referendum, separation occurred in two stages. The Tuvaluan Order 1975, which took effect on 1 October 1975, recognised Tuvalu as a separate British dependency with its own government. The second stage occurred on 1 January 1976 when separate administrations were created out of the civil service of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony.

question: In what year was ministerial government started in the Gilbert and Ellice islands?, answer: 1974 | question: When was a referendum held to determine the government of Ellice?, answer: December 1974 | question: What document was changed to cause a change in government?, answer: Constitution | question: What was the determination of the referendum?, answer: separation | question: What did the Tuvaluan Order 1976 recognize Tuvalu to be?, answer: British dependency
In 1974, Feynman delivered the Caltech commencement address on the topic of cargo cult science, which has the semblance of science, but is only pseudoscience due to a lack of "a kind of scientific integrity, a principle of scientific thought that corresponds to a kind of utter honesty" on the part of the scientist. He instructed the graduating class that "The first principle is that you must not fool yourself—and you are the easiest person to fool. So you have to be very careful about that. After you've not fooled yourself, it's easy not to fool other scientists. You just have to be honest in a conventional way after that."

question: In which year did Feynman orate the Caltech commencement speech?, answer: 1974 | question: Which topic did Feynman's commencement speech at Caltech center around?, answer: cargo cult science | question: What did Feyman tell the class that they must not do to themselves?, answer: fool yourself | question: What is cargo cult science?, answer: pseudoscience
In 1974, L. Ottens, director of the audio division of Philips, started a small group with the aim to develop an analog optical audio disc with a diameter of 20 cm and a sound quality superior to that of the vinyl record. However, due to the unsatisfactory performance of the analog format, two Philips research engineers recommended a digital format in March 1974. In 1977, Philips then established a laboratory with the mission of creating a digital audio disc. The diameter of Philips's prototype compact disc was set at 11.5 cm, the diagonal of an audio cassette.

question: In what year did Philips institute a laboratory to create a digital audio disc?, answer: 1977 | question: What was the proposed diameter for the original compact disc?, answer: 11.5 cm | question: What year did Philips propse the idea of a digital audio format?, answer: 1974 | question: Who was the director of the Philips audio division in 1974?, answer: L. Ottens
In 1975 the US DOT conservatively identified a 0.7% reduction in traffic fatalities during DST, and estimated the real reduction at 1.5% to 2%, but the 1976 NBS review of the DOT study found no differences in traffic fatalities. In 1995 the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety estimated a reduction of 1.2%, including a 5% reduction in crashes fatal to pedestrians. Others have found similar reductions. Single/Double Summer Time (SDST), a variant where clocks are one hour ahead of the sun in winter and two in summer, has been projected to reduce traffic fatalities by 3% to 4% in the UK, compared to ordinary DST. However, accidents do increase by as much as 11% during the two weeks that follow the end of British Summer Time. It is not clear whether sleep disruption contributes to fatal accidents immediately after the spring clock shifts. A correlation between clock shifts and traffic accidents has been observed in North America and the UK but not in Finland or Sweden. If this effect exists, it is far smaller than the overall reduction in traffic fatalities. A 2009 US study found that on Mondays after the switch to DST, workers sleep an average of 40 minutes less, and are injured at work more often and more severely.

question: In what year did the NBS revisit the DOT's 1975 study and find traffic fatalities unaffected?, answer: 1976 | question: What organization made their own estimation in 1995 of a drop in traffic deaths by 1.2%?, answer: the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety | question: What's the abbreviation for Single/Double Summer Time?, answer: SDST | question: In the two weeks following the time change ending British Summer Time, what percentage hike is there in traffic accidents?, answer: 11% | question: How much less, on average, do workers in the U.S. sleep on Mondays after switching to DST, according to the 2009 study?, answer: 40 minutes
In 1975, Sadat shifted Nasser's economic policies and sought to use his popularity to reduce government regulations and encourage foreign investment through his program of Infitah. Through this policy, incentives such as reduced taxes and import tariffs attracted some investors, but investments were mainly directed at low risk and profitable ventures like tourism and construction, abandoning Egypt's infant industries. Even though Sadat's policy was intended to modernise Egypt and assist the middle class, it mainly benefited the higher class, and, because of the elimination of subsidies on basic foodstuffs, led to the 1977 Egyptian Bread Riots.

question: What was encouraged through Infitah?, answer: foreign investment | question: What tools did Infitah use to attract investment?, answer: reduced taxes and import tariffs | question: What was largely ignored and upset many of Sadat's polidy?, answer: elimination of subsidies on basic foodstuffs | question: What occured in 1977?, answer: Egyptian Bread Riots.
In 1975, a group of Chicago Cubs fans based in Washington, D.C. formed the Emil Verban Society. The society is a select club of high profile Cub fans, currently headed by Illinois Senator Dick Durbin which is named for Emil Verban, who in three seasons with the Cubs in the 1940s batted .280 with 39 runs batted in and one home run. Verban was picked as the epitome of a Cub player, explains columnist George Will, because "He exemplified mediocrity under pressure, he was competent but obscure and typifying of the work ethics." Verban initially believed he was being ridiculed, but his ill feeling disappeared several years later when he was flown to Washington to meet President Ronald Reagan, also a society member, at the White House. Hillary Clinton, Jim Belushi, Joe Mantegna, Rahm Emanuel, Dick Cheney and many others have been included among its membership.

question: What year did a group of Chicago Cubs fans form the Emil Verban Society?, answer: 1975 | question: Where were the Emil Verban Society founders based in?, answer: Washington, D.C | question: Who currently heads the Emil Verban Society?, answer: Illinois Senator Dick Durbin
In 1975, the band left for a world tour with each member in Zandra Rhodes-created costumes and accompanied with banks of lights and effects. They toured the US as headliners, and played in Canada for the first time. In September, after an acromonious split with Trident, the band negotiated themselves out of their Trident Studios contract and searched for new management. One of the options they considered was an offer from Led Zeppelin's manager, Peter Grant. Grant wanted them to sign with Led Zeppelin's own production company, Swan Song Records. The band found the contract unacceptable and instead contacted Elton John's manager, John Reid, who accepted the position.

question: Who created the costumes for Queen's 1975 tour?, answer: Zandra Rhodes | question: What country did Queen play in for the first time in 1975?, answer: Canada | question: Queen had a bitter split with what management company in 1975?, answer: Trident Studios | question: What manager of Led Zeppelin tried to sign Queen?, answer: Peter Grant | question: Whom did Queen eventually sign with after rejecting the Swan Song records contract?, answer: John Reid
In 1975, the most prominent government reforms regarding family law in a Muslim country were set in motion in the Somali Democratic Republic, which put women and men, including husbands and wives, on complete equal footing. The 1975 Somali Family Law gave men and women equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce and the exclusive right to control by each spouse over his or her personal property.

question: What law gave Somali husbands and wives equal rights over personal property?, answer: 1975 Somali Family Law | question: What was the official name of the country in which the 1975 Somali Family Law was passed?, answer: the Somali Democratic Republic | question: In addition to giving spouses equal rights over their personal property during marriage, what did the Somali Family Law give them?, answer: equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce
In 1976 John Goldsmith introduced autosegmental phonology. Phonological phenomena are no longer seen as operating on one linear sequence of segments, called phonemes or feature combinations, but rather as involving some parallel sequences of features which reside on multiple tiers. Autosegmental phonology later evolved into feature geometry, which became the standard theory of representation for theories of the organization of phonology as different as lexical phonology and optimality theory.

question: Who founded autosegmental phonology?, answer: John Goldsmith | question: When did John Goldsmith share his work?, answer: 1976 | question: What did Autosegmental phonology morph into?, answer: feature geometry