lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The German states proclaimed their union as the German Empire under the Prussian king, Wilhelm I, uniting Germany as a nation-state. The Treaty of Frankfurt of 10 May 1871 gave Germany most of Alsace and some parts of Lorraine, which became the Imperial territory of Alsace-Lorraine (Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen).The German conquest of France and the unification of Germany upset the European balance of power, that had existed since the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and Otto von Bismarck maintained great authority in international affairs for two decades. French determination to regain Alsace-Lorraine and fear of another Franco-German war, along with British apprehension about the balance of power, became factors in the causes of World War I.

question: Under what Prussian king did the German empire unite as a nation-state?, answer: Wilhelm I | question: What was the date of the Treaty of Frankfurt?, answer: 10 May 1871 | question: The Treaty of Frankfurt gave Germany which Imperial territory?, answer: Alsace-Lorraine | question: Following the unification of Germany, who maintained great authority in international affairs for two decades?, answer: Otto von Bismarck | question: Which specific fear was a factor in causing World War I?, answer: another Franco-German war
The Germanic languages are traditionally divided into three groups: West, East and North Germanic. They remained mutually intelligible throughout the Migration Period. Dutch is together with English and German part of the West Germanic group, that is characterized by a number of phonological and morphological innovations not found in North and East Germanic. The West Germanic varieties of the time are generally split into three dialect groups: Ingvaeonic (North Sea Germanic), Istvaeonic (Weser-Rhine Germanic) and Irminonic (Elbe Germanic). It appears that the Frankish tribes fit primarily into the Istvaeonic dialect group with certain Ingvaeonic influences towards the northwest, still seen in modern Dutch.

question: Into how many groups are Germanic languages usually split?, answer: three | question: In what historical period did the different types of Germanic languages stop being collectively understood?, answer: the Migration Period | question: What group of Germanic languages includes Dutch, English, and German?, answer: West Germanic | question: What's the West Germanic dialect spoken in the North Sea region called?, answer: Ingvaeonic | question: Which dialect group included most Frankish tribes?, answer: Istvaeonic
The Germanic peoples during the Migrations Period came into contact with other peoples; in the case of the populations settling in the territory of modern Germany, they encountered Celts to the south, and Balts and Slavs towards the east. The Limes Germanicus was breached in AD 260. Migrating Germanic tribes commingled with the local Gallo-Roman populations in what is now Swabia and Bavaria. The arrival of the Huns in Europe resulted in Hun conquest of large parts of Eastern Europe, the Huns initially were allies of the Roman Empire who fought against Germanic tribes, but later the Huns cooperated with the Germanic tribe of the Ostrogoths, and large numbers of Germans lived within the lands of the Hunnic Empire of Attila. Attila had both Hunnic and Germanic families and prominent Germanic chiefs amongst his close entourage in Europe. The Huns living in Germanic territories in Eastern Europe adopted an East Germanic language as their lingua franca. A major part of Attila's army were Germans, during the Huns' campaign against the Roman Empire. After Attila's unexpected death the Hunnic Empire collapsed with the Huns disappearing as a people in Europe – who either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans.

question: During the Migrations period Germans would encounter what groups in the east?, answer: Balts and Slavs | question: During the Migrations period Germans would encounter what group in the south?, answer: Celts | question: The Limes Germanicus was breached in what year?, answer: AD 260 | question: Who allied with the Germans after previous fighting them along side the Romans?, answer: the Huns | question: What leader had both prominent German and Hun families in his entourage throughout Europe?, answer: Attila | question: When was the Limes Germanicus breached?, answer: AD 260 | question: Who did the Germans come in contact with to the south?, answer: Celts | question: Which Germanic tribe did the Huns cooperate with?, answer: Ostrogoths | question: What language did the Huns adopt?, answer: East Germanic | question: What happened to the Huns after Attila's death?, answer: either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans
The Germanic superstrate has had different outcomes in Spanish and Catalan. For example, Catalan fang "mud" and rostir "to roast", of Germanic origin, contrast with Spanish lodo and asar, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan filosa "spinning wheel" and pols "temple", of Latin origin, contrast with Spanish rueca and sien, of Germanic origin.

question: What is the origin of language elements found in Catalan and not in Spanish?, answer: Germanic | question: What is the origin of some Spanish words?, answer: Latin origin | question: What has different results in Spanish and Catalan?, answer: Germanic superstrate
The Germans developed massive reinforced concrete blockhouses, some more than six stories high, which were known as Hochbunker "High Bunkers" or "Flaktürme" flak towers, on which they placed anti-aircraft artillery. Those in cities attacked by the Allied land forces became fortresses. Several in Berlin were some of the last buildings to fall to the Soviets during the Battle of Berlin in 1945. The British built structures such as the Maunsell Forts in the North Sea, the Thames Estuary and other tidal areas upon which they based guns. After the war most were left to rot. Some were outside territorial waters, and had a second life in the 1960s as platforms for pirate radio stations.

question: What were the large blockhouses called that the Germans developed?, answer: Hochbunker "High Bunkers" | question: Another name for the High Bunkers was what?, answer: "Flaktürme" flak towers | question: What was placed on the blockhouses by the Germans?, answer: anti-aircraft artillery | question: What city had some of the last buildings to fall in 1945?, answer: Berlin | question: What structure did the British build in the North Sea?, answer: Maunsell Forts
The Germans expected to negotiate an end to the war but immediately ordered an advance on Paris; by 15 September Moltke issued the orders for an investment of Paris and on 20 September the encirclement was complete. Bismarck met Favre on 18 September at the Château de Ferrières and demanded a frontier immune to a French war of revenge, which included Strasbourg, Alsace and most the Moselle department in Lorraine of which Metz was the capital. In return for an armistice for the French to elect a National Assembly, Bismarck demanded the surrender of Strasbourg and the fortress city of Toul. To allow supplies into Paris, one of the perimeter forts had to be handed over. Favre was unaware that the real aim of Bismarck in making such extortionate demands was to establish a durable peace on the new western frontier of Germany, preferably by a peace with a friendly government, on terms acceptable to French public opinion. An impregnable military frontier was an inferior alternative to him, favoured only by the militant nationalists on the German side.

question: What did the Germans expect to negotiate?, answer: an end to the war | question: On what date was the encirclement of Paris complete?, answer: 20 September | question: Bismarck and Favre met on what date?, answer: 18 September | question: What was the location of Bismarck and Favre's meeting?, answer: the Château de Ferrières | question: Bismarck demanded the surrender of Strasbourg and what fortress city?, answer: Toul
The Germans launched a surprise counter offensive, in the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944, which the Allies turned back in early 1945 after Eisenhower repositioned his armies and improved weather allowed the Air Force to engage. German defenses continued to deteriorate on both the eastern front with the Soviets and the western front with the Allies. The British wanted Berlin, but Eisenhower decided it would be a military mistake for him to attack Berlin, and said orders to that effect would have to be explicit. The British backed down, but then wanted Eisenhower to move into Czechoslovakia for political reasons. Washington refused to support Churchill's plan to use Eisenhower's army for political maneuvers against Moscow. The actual division of Germany followed the lines that Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin had previously agreed upon. The Soviet Red Army captured Berlin in a very large-scale bloody battle, and the Germans finally surrendered on May 7, 1945.

question: When did the Battle of the Bulge begin?, answer: December 1944 | question: What German city did the British wish to conquer?, answer: Berlin | question: Along with Roosevelt and Churchill, what political leader decided upon the division of Germany?, answer: Stalin | question: What nation's military conquered Berlin?, answer: Soviet | question: What date saw the surrender of Nazi Germany?, answer: May 7, 1945
The Ghoomar dance from Jodhpur Marwar and Kalbeliya dance of Jaisalmer have gained international recognition. Folk music is a large part of Rajasthani culture. Kathputli, Bhopa, Chang, Teratali, Ghindr, Kachchhighori, and Tejaji are examples of traditional Rajasthani culture. Folk songs are commonly ballads which relate heroic deeds and love stories; and religious or devotional songs known as bhajans and banis which are often accompanied by musical instruments like dholak, sitar, and sarangi are also sung.

question: What type of dance comes from Jodhpur Marwar?, answer: The Ghoomar dance | question: Kalbeliya dance is from which region?, answer: Jaisalmer | question: What type of music plays a big part in the culture of Rajasthan?, answer: Folk music | question: Heroic deeds are often a theme of what type of Rajasthani song?, answer: Folk songs | question: What kind of song is referred to as a bhajan?, answer: religious or devotional
The Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts takes place most years in Pilton, near Shepton Mallet, attracting over 170,000 music and culture lovers from around the world to see world-famous entertainers. The Big Green Gathering which grew out of the Green fields at the Glastonbury Festival is held in the Mendip Hills between Charterhouse and Compton Martin each summer. The annual Bath Literature Festival is one of several local festivals in the county; others include the Frome Festival and the Trowbridge Village Pump Festival, which, despite its name, is held at Farleigh Hungerford in Somerset. The annual circuit of West Country Carnivals is held in a variety of Somerset towns during the autumn, forming a major regional festival, and the largest Festival of Lights in Europe.

question: Where does the Glastonbury Music festival take place, answer: takes place most years in Pilton, near Shepton Mallet | question: who holds a literature festival each summer, answer: The annual Bath Literature Festival is one of several local festivals in the county | question: The annual Carnival is held when and where, answer: The annual circuit of West Country Carnivals is held in a variety of Somerset towns during the autumn
The Gold Standard Act of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half dollar was reduced to 40% silver. Silver half dollars were last issued for circulation in 1970. Gold coins were confiscated by Executive Order 6102 issued in 1933 by Franklin Roosevelt. The gold standard was changed to 13.71 grains (0.888 g), equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $35. This standard persisted until 1968.

question: What was the name of the act introduced in the year 1900?, answer: Gold Standard Act | question: How much gold in grams was one dollar equivalent to?, answer: 1.505 | question: How much was 1 troy ounce of gold worth?, answer: $20.67 | question: Which year brought the end to silver being in dimes and quarters?, answer: 1964 | question: Which President confiscated gold coins?, answer: Franklin Roosevelt
The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title. Thierry Henry won his fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively. Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league.

question: Who is the Golden Boot award given to each season?, answer: The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. | question: Who has the record for most goals in the Premier League?, answer: Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260 | question: How many players have achieved 100 goals?, answer: Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark | question: How many different players have won the top scorer title?, answer: 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title. | question: Who has the record for scoring the most goals in single season?, answer: Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively. | question: To whom is the Golden Boot award given to?, answer: the top Premier League scorer | question: Who holds the record for the most goals in the Premier League?, answer: 260 | question: How many players have 100 goals or more in the Premier League?, answer: Twenty-four | question: How many different players have won or shared the top scorer title in the Premier League?, answer: 14 | question: Who had scored four overall scoring titles as of the 2006 season?, answer: Thierry Henry
The Gorals of southern Poland and northern Slovakia are partially descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs who migrated into the region from the 14th to 17th centuries and were absorbed into the local population. The population of Moravian Wallachia also descend of this population.

question: Where did the Gorals reside?, answer: southern Poland and northern Slovakia | question: Who descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs?, answer: Gorals | question: When did the Vlachs migrate into the region?, answer: 14th to 17th centuries | question: What population descended from the Vlachs?, answer: Moravian Wallachia
The Gorkha Kingdom ended the Malla confederation after the Battle of Kathmandu in 1768. This marked the beginning of the modern era in Kathmandu. The Battle of Kirtipur was the start of the Gorkha conquest of the Kathmandu Valley. Kathmandu was adopted as the capital of the Gorkha empire, and the empire itself was dubbed Nepal. During the early part of this era, Kathmandu maintained its distinctive culture. Buildings with characteristic Nepali architecture, such as the nine-story tower of Basantapur, were built during this era. However, trade declined because of continual war with neighboring nations. Bhimsen Thapa supported France against Great Britain; this led to the development of modern military structures, such as modern barracks in Kathmandu. The nine-storey tower Dharahara was originally built during this era.

question: Who won the Battle of Kathmandu?, answer: Gorkha Kingdom | question: What battle inaugurated the conquering of the Kathmandu Valley by the Gorkha?, answer: Kirtipur | question: How many stories high was the Basantapur tower?, answer: nine | question: What European country did Bhimsen Thapa oppose?, answer: Great Britain | question: How many stories made up the Dharahara tower?, answer: nine
The Gorton Government increased funding for the arts, setting up the Australian Council for the Arts, the Australian Film Development Corporation and the National Film and Television Training School. The Gorton Government passed legislation establishing equal pay for men and women and increased pensions, allowances and education scholarships, as well as providing free health care to 250,000 of the nation's poor (but not universal health care). Gorton's government kept Australia in the Vietnam War but stopped replacing troops at the end of 1970.

question: Which government put an emphasis in supporting the arts?, answer: The Gorton Government | question: Which government established equal pay for men and women?, answer: The Gorton Government | question: What year did the Gorton Government stop replacing troups in Vietnam?, answer: end of 1970
The Gospel of John and particularly the first chapter demonstrates the Divinity of Jesus. This Gospel in itself is the greatest support of Athanasius's stand. The Gospel of John's first chapter began to be said at the end of Mass, we believe as a result of Athanasius, and his life's stand, but quietly. The Last Gospel of The Mass, The Eucharist, St John[1:1–14], together with the prayer; "Placeat tibi", the Blessing, are all private devotions that have been gradually absorbed by the liturgical service. The beginning of John's Gospel was much used as an object of special devotion throughout the Middle Ages. Nevertheless, the practice of saying it at the altar grew; eventually Pius V made this practice universal for the Roman Rite in his edition of the Missal (1570). It became a firm custom with exceptions in using an other Gospel in use from 1920. So the Missals showed different last Gospel for certain Feast days. A Prayer Card for the St John's Gospel. Also:

question: Which of the Gospels most agrees with Athanasius?, answer: Gospel of John | question: What does this Gospel show that Athanasius also believed?, answer: the Divinity of Jesus | question: Why is the Gospel of John said at the end of Catholic Mass?, answer: a result of Athanasius | question: Where was this Gospel said?, answer: at the altar | question: When are different Gospels said?, answer: certain Feast days
The Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the early Christian community in Jerusalem. According to Apocryphal writings, at some time soon after her death, her incorrupt body was assumed directly into Heaven, to be reunited with her soul, and the apostles thereupon found the tomb empty; this is known in Christian teaching as the Assumption.

question: Which angel appeared to Mary?, answer: Gabriel | question: What happened to Mary's body at death?, answer: assumed directly into Heaven | question: What did Gabriel announce to Mary at the Annunciation?, answer: her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus | question: How was Mary related to Jesus?, answer: mother of Jesus | question: Which goespel begins its story of Mary with the Annunciation?, answer: Gospel of Luke
The Gospel of Matthew describes many women at the crucifixion, some of whom are named in the Gospels. Apart from these women, the three Synoptic Gospels speak of the presence of others: "the chief priests, with the scribes and elders"; two robbers crucified, one on Jesus' right and one on his left, whom the Gospel of Luke presents as the penitent thief and the impenitent thief; "the soldiers", "the centurion and those who were with him, keeping watch over Jesus"; passers-by; "bystanders", "the crowds that had assembled for this spectacle"; and "his acquaintances"

question: Matthew described that who was present at the Crucifixion?, answer: many women | question: The three gospels speak of the presence of which priests?, answer: the chief priests | question: How many people were crucified with Jesus?, answer: two robbers crucified, one on Jesus' right and one on his left | question: Who kept watch over Jesus?, answer: the soldiers | question: Name one other group present at the Crucifixion?, answer: acquaintances
The Gothic vault, unlike the semi-circular vault of Roman and Romanesque buildings, can be used to roof rectangular and irregularly shaped plans such as trapezoids. The other structural advantage is that the pointed arch channels the weight onto the bearing piers or columns at a steep angle. This enabled architects to raise vaults much higher than was possible in Romanesque architecture. While, structurally, use of the pointed arch gave a greater flexibility to architectural form, it also gave Gothic architecture a very different and more vertical visual character than Romanesque.

question: Which type of vault can be used for rectangular and trapezoidal shaped roofs?, answer: The Gothic vault | question: What structural benefit is offered by the Gothic vault?, answer: channels the weight onto the bearing piers or columns at a steep angle | question: What can architects raise much higher using the Gothic versus the Romanesque variety?, answer: vaults | question: What type of visual character is achieved by using the pointed arch?, answer: more vertical visual character
The Government of Estonia (Estonian: Vabariigi Valitsus) or the executive branch is formed by the Prime Minister of Estonia, nominated by the president and approved by the parliament. The government exercises executive power pursuant to the Constitution of Estonia and the laws of the Republic of Estonia and consists of twelve ministers, including the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister also has the right to appoint other ministers and assign them a subject to deal with. These are ministers without portfolio — they don't have a ministry to control.

question: Who establishes the executive branch of Estonia?, answer: the Prime Minister of Estonia | question: Who has to approve the Government of Estonia after it is nominated by the President?, answer: parliament | question: How many ministers serve in the government?, answer: twelve | question: Who has the ability to assign other ministers?, answer: The Prime Minister
The Government of Guam maintains the island's main health care facility, Guam Memorial Hospital, in Tamuning. U.S. board certified doctors and dentists practice in all specialties. In addition, the U.S. Naval Hospital in Agana Heights serves active-duty members and dependents of the military community. There is one subscriber-based air ambulance located on the island, CareJet, which provides emergency patient transportation across Guam and surrounding islands. A private hospital, the Guam Regional Medical City opened its doors in early 2016.

question: Who runs Guam's main health care facility?, answer: The Government of Guam | question: What is the name of the main health care facility in Guam?, answer: Guam Memorial Hospital | question: Which privately owned medical facility opened in 2016?, answer: Guam Regional Medical City