lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Technologies based upon the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method will become nearly ubiquitous gold standards of diagnostics of the near future, for several reasons. First, the catalog of infectious agents has grown to the point that virtually all of the significant infectious agents of the human population have been identified. Second, an infectious agent must grow within the human body to cause disease; essentially it must amplify its own nucleic acids in order to cause a disease. This amplification of nucleic acid in infected tissue offers an opportunity to detect the infectious agent by using PCR. Third, the essential tools for directing PCR, primers, are derived from the genomes of infectious agents, and with time those genomes will be known, if they are not already.

question: What does the acronym PCR expand to?, answer: polymerase chain reaction | question: What will be the ubiquitous gold standards of diagnostics in the near future?, answer: PCR | question: What has the catalog of infectious agents grown to the point of?, answer: virtually all of the significant infectious agents of the human population have been identified | question: What must an infectious agent do to cause disease?, answer: grow within the human body | question: What are primers derived from the genomes of?, answer: infectious agents
Technology magazine T3 gave the Super Slim model a positive review, stating the console is almost "nostalgic" in the design similarities to the original "fat" model, "While we don’t know whether it will play PS3 games or Blu-ray discs any differently yet, the look and feel of the new PS3 Slim is an obvious homage to the original PS3, minus the considerable excess weight. Immediately we would be concerned about the durability of the top loading tray that feels like it could be yanked straight out off the console, but ultimately it all feels like Sony's nostalgic way of signing off the current generation console in anticipation for the PS4."

question: What magazine described the Super Slim as "nostalgic"?, answer: T3 | question: What PlayStation 3 model did T3 feel the Super Slim's design was paying homage to?, answer: the original PS3 | question: According to T3, what was the main differentiator between the "fat" PS3 and the Super Slim?, answer: weight | question: What hardware element did T3 feel might have issues with durability?, answer: the top loading tray | question: T3 felt Sony was saying goodbye to past models in preparation for what next-generation console?, answer: the PS4
Teenage alcohol drug use is currently at an all-time low. Out of a polled body of students, 4.4% of 8th graders reported having been on at least one occasion been drunk within the previous month; for 10th graders, the number was 13.7%, and for 12th graders, 25%. More drastically, cigarette smoking has become a far less prevalent activity among American middle- and high-school students; in fact, a greater number of teens now smoke marijuana than smoke cigarettes, with one recent study showing a respective 15.2% versus 11.7% of surveyed students. Recent studies have shown that male late adolescents are far more likely to smoke cigarettes rather than females. The study indicated that there was a discernible gender difference in the prevalence of smoking among the students. The finding of the study show that more males than females began smoking when they were in primary and high schools whereas most females started smoking after high school. This may be attributed to recent changing social and political views towards marijuana; issues such as medicinal use and legalization have tended towards painting the drug in a more positive light than historically, while cigarettes continue to be vilified due to associated health risks.

question: Is teenage alcohol drug use at al all-time high or low?, answer: low | question: Do teens smoke marijuana or cigarettes more commonly?, answer: marijuana | question: Are male or female late adolescents more likely to smoke cigarettes?, answer: male | question: What is one possible explanation for the shift towards marijuana and away from cigarettes?, answer: recent changing social and political views towards marijuana
Teeth (singular tooth) are small whitish structures found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates that are used to tear, scrape, milk and chew food. Teeth are not made of bone, but rather of tissues of varying density and hardness, such as enamel, dentine and cementum. Human teeth have a blood and nerve supply which enables proprioception. This is the ability of sensation when chewing, for example if we were to bite into something too hard for our teeth, such as a chipped plate mixed in food, our teeth send a message to our brain and we realise that it cannot be chewed, so we stop trying.

question: Where are teeth found?, answer: in the jaws (or mouths) | question: What are teeth used for?, answer: to tear, scrape, milk and chew food | question: What are teeth made out of?, answer: enamel, dentine and cementum | question: What in human teeth enables proprioception?, answer: a blood and nerve supply | question: What happens when you bite something you cant chew?, answer: our teeth send a message to our brain and we realise that it cannot be chewed, so we stop trying.
Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natural gas supply in the world and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves. Iran's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 19 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the fourth-largest number in Asia and 12th-largest in the world.

question: What resource does Iran have the largest supply of in the world?, answer: natural gas | question: What city is Iran's capital?, answer: Tehran | question: How does Iran effect the world economy and international energy markets?, answer: through its large reserves of fossil fuels | question: What resource does Iran have the fourth largest supply of in the world?, answer: proven oil reserves | question: How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites does Iran have?, answer: 19
Television broadcasting in Hyderabad began in 1974 with the launch of Doordarshan, the Government of India's public service broadcaster, which transmits two free-to-air terrestrial television channels and one satellite channel. Private satellite channels started in July 1992 with the launch of Star TV. Satellite TV channels are accessible via cable subscription, direct-broadcast satellite services or internet-based television. Hyderabad's first dial-up internet access became available in the early 1990s and was limited to software development companies. The first public internet access service began in 1995, with the first private sector internet service provider (ISP) starting operations in 1998. In 2015, high-speed public WiFi was introduced in parts of the city.

question: When did Doordarshan begin broadcasting in Hyderabad?, answer: 1974 | question: What satellite network began broadcasting to Hyderabad in July 1992?, answer: Star TV | question: In what year did the general public first get access to the internet in Hyderabad?, answer: 1995 | question: The first private company to offer Hyderabad internet service began offering it in what year?, answer: 1998 | question: What is Doordarshan?, answer: the Government of India's public service broadcaster
Television has played a major role in the history of the Premier League. The League's decision to assign broadcasting rights to BSkyB in 1992 was at the time a radical decision, but one that has paid off. At the time pay television was an almost untested proposition in the UK market, as was charging fans to watch live televised football. However, a combination of Sky's strategy, the quality of Premier League football and the public's appetite for the game has seen the value of the Premier League's TV rights soar.

question: Who received broadcasting rights to the Premier League in 1992?, answer: The League's decision to assign broadcasting rights to BSkyB in 1992 | question: Why was this a unique decision?, answer: pay television was an almost untested proposition in the UK market, | question: What happened to the Premier League's televsion rights after this decision?, answer: the value of the Premier League's TV rights soar. | question: What was the cause of this?, answer: a combination of Sky's strategy, the quality of Premier League football and the public's appetite for the game | question: In which year did the Premier League decide to give BSkyB broadcasting rights?, answer: 1992 | question: What sort of television was BSkyB that made it such a radical broadcaster to choose for the Premier League?, answer: pay television
Television money had also become much more important; the Football League received £6.3 million for a two-year agreement in 1986, but when that deal was renewed in 1988, the price rose to £44 million over four years. The 1988 negotiations were the first signs of a breakaway league; ten clubs threatened to leave and form a "super league", but were eventually persuaded to stay. As stadiums improved and match attendance and revenues rose, the country's top teams again considered leaving the Football League in order to capitalise on the growing influx of money being pumped into the sport.

question: How much money did the Football League receive in revenues from television money for a two year agreement in 1986?, answer: the Football League received £6.3 million for a two-year agreement in 1986 | question: In 1998, the deal was renewed for what amount over four years?, answer: deal was renewed in 1988, the price rose to £44 million over four years. | question: In 1988, how many clubs threateded to leave and form another league?, answer: ten clubs threatened to leave and form a "super league" | question: Why did some of the top teams consider leaving the Football league?, answer: to capitalise on the growing influx of money being pumped into the sport. | question: What did the Football League's television agreement price rise to in 1988?, answer: £44 million | question: When was the first year that clubs threatened to leave the Football League?, answer: 1988 | question: What price was set for Football League television rights in 1986?, answer: £6.3 million | question: For how many years was the 1986 television rights contract?, answer: two | question: For how many years was the 1988 television rights contract?, answer: four
Television personality Piers Morgan, a former editor of the Daily Mirror and of The Sun's Bizarre pop column, has said that during the late 1980s, at Kelvin MacKenzie's behest, he was ordered to speculate on the sexuality of male pop stars for a feature headlined "The Poofs of Pop". He also recalls MacKenzie headlining a January 1989 story about the first same-sex kiss on the BBC television soap opera EastEnders "EastBenders", describing the kiss between Colin Russell and Guido Smith as "a homosexual love scene between yuppie poofs ... when millions of children were watching".

question: What did Piers Morgan offer opinions about in a late 1980s column?, answer: the sexuality of male pop stars | question: Which papers did Morgan serve as editor of?, answer: Daily Mirror and of The Sun | question: Which BBC show's homosexual kiss did The Sun report on?, answer: EastEnders | question: Who shared the first homosexual kiss on EastEnders?, answer: Colin Russell and Guido Smith | question: Which column did Piers Morgan edit at The Sun?, answer: Bizarre pop column
Television shows are produced in Melbourne, most notably Neighbours, Kath & Kim, Winners and Losers, Offspring, Underbelly , House Husbands, Wentworth and Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries, along with national news-based programs such as The Project, Insiders and ABC News Breakfast. Melbourne is also known as the game show capital of Australia; productions such as Million Dollar Minute, Millionaire Hot Seat and Family Feud are all based in Melbourne. Reality television productions such as Dancing with the Stars, MasterChef, The Block and The Real Housewives of Melbourne are all filmed in and around Melbourne.

question: Where are Million Dollar Minute and Family Feud based?, answer: Melbourne | question: Where are Dancing with the Stars, MasterChef, and The Block filmed?, answer: in and around Melbourne | question: Neighbours, Kath & Kim, Winners and Losers, Offspring, and Underbelly are examples of what kind of media produced in Melbourne?, answer: Television shows | question: Which national news-based programs are based in Melbourne?, answer: The Project, Insiders and ABC News Breakfast | question: Which city is known as the game show capital of Australia?, answer: Melbourne
Temperature extremes are moderated by the adjacent Puget Sound, greater Pacific Ocean, and Lake Washington. The region is largely shielded from Pacific storms by the Olympic Mountains and from Arctic air by the Cascade Range. Despite being on the margin of the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains, the city has a reputation for frequent rain. This reputation stems from the frequency of light precipitation in the fall, winter, and spring. In an average year, at least 0.01 inches (0.25 mm) of precipitation falls on 150 days, more than nearly all U.S. cities east of the Rocky Mountains. It is cloudy 201 days out of the year and partly cloudy 93 days. Official weather and climatic data is collected at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, located about 19 km (12 mi) south of downtown in the city of SeaTac, which is at a higher elevation, and records more cloudy days and fewer partly cloudy days per year.

question: What does the local water ways regulate in the Seattle area?, answer: Temperature extremes | question: At what location is most weather data collected for the Seattle area?, answer: Seattle–Tacoma International Airport | question: What land mass protects Seattle from Pacific caused weather?, answer: Olympic Mountains | question: What geologic feature protects Seattle from the Arctic cold winds?, answer: Cascade Range | question: What type of rain fall does Seattle most often experience?, answer: light precipitation
Temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) or above 25 °C (77 °F) are rare. Cork Airport records an average of 1,227.9 millimetres (4.029 ft) of precipitation annually, most of which is rain. The airport records an average of 7 days of hail and 11 days of snow or sleet a year; though it only records lying snow for 2 days of the year. The low altitude of the city, and moderating influences of the harbour, mean that lying snow very rarely occurs in the city itself. There are on average 204 "rainy" days a year (over 0.2 millimetres (0.0079 in) of rainfall), of which there are 73 days with "heavy rain" (over 5 millimetres (0.20 in)). Cork is also a generally foggy city, with an average of 97 days of fog a year, most common during mornings and during winter. Despite this, however, Cork is also one of Ireland's sunniest cities, with an average of 3.9 hours of sunshine every day and only having 67 days where there is no "recordable sunshine", mostly during and around winter.

question: How much precipitation does Cork usually receive?, answer: 1,227.9 millimetres (4.029 ft) | question: What is usually the type of precipitation that Cork receives?, answer: rain | question: How long does snow hang around in Cork?, answer: 2 days | question: What is the atmosphere typically like in Cork?, answer: foggy | question: How many foggy days does Cork usually have per year?, answer: average of 97
Temperatures in Israel vary widely, especially during the winter. Coastal areas, such as those of Tel Aviv and Haifa, have a typical Mediterranean climate with cool, rainy winters and long, hot summers. The area of Beersheba and the Northern Negev has a semi-arid climate with hot summers, cool winters and fewer rainy days than the Mediterranean climate. The Southern Negev and the Arava areas have desert climate with very hot and dry summers, and mild winters with few days of rain. The highest temperature in the continent of Asia (54.0 °C or 129.2 °F) was recorded in 1942 at Tirat Zvi kibbutz in the northern Jordan river valley.

question: What kind of climate does Tel Aviv have?, answer: Mediterranean | question: What kind of climate does Arava have?, answer: desert | question: What was the highest recorded temperature in Tirat Zvi?, answer: 54.0 °C
Temporal measurement has occupied scientists and technologists, and was a prime motivation in navigation and astronomy. Periodic events and periodic motion have long served as standards for units of time. Examples include the apparent motion of the sun across the sky, the phases of the moon, the swing of a pendulum, and the beat of a heart. Currently, the international unit of time, the second, is defined by measuring the electronic transition frequency of caesium atoms (see below). Time is also of significant social importance, having economic value ("time is money") as well as personal value, due to an awareness of the limited time in each day and in human life spans.

question: What has been a prime motivation in astronomy and navigation?, answer: Temporal measurement | question: Periodic events and periodic motion have served as standards for what?, answer: Periodic events and periodic motion | question: What is the current international unit of time?, answer: the second | question: The electronic transition frequency of which element defines the second?, answer: caesium atoms | question: Time has personal value due to awareness of it's limited nature in what?, answer: each day and in human life spans
Temporal measurement, chronometry, takes two distinct period forms: the calendar, a mathematical tool for organizing intervals of time, and the clock, a physical mechanism that counts the passage of time. In day-to-day life, the clock is consulted for periods less than a day whereas the calendar is consulted for periods longer than a day. Increasingly, personal electronic devices display both calendars and clocks simultaneously. The number (as on a clock dial or calendar) that marks the occurrence of a specified event as to hour or date is obtained by counting from a fiducial epoch—a central reference point.

question: What is a mathematical tool used for organizing intervals of time?, answer: the calendar | question: What is a physical tool that tracks the passage of time?, answer: the clock | question: Which tool is used in day to day life?, answer: the clock | question: Which tool is used in periods longer than a day?, answer: the calendar | question: How is the number that marks the occurrence of an event obtained?, answer: by counting from a fiducial epoch—a central reference point
Temporal theories offer an alternative that appeals to the temporal structure of action potentials, mostly the phase-locking and mode-locking of action potentials to frequencies in a stimulus. The precise way this temporal structure helps code for pitch at higher levels is still debated, but the processing seems to be based on an autocorrelation of action potentials in the auditory nerve. However, it has long been noted that a neural mechanism that may accomplish a delay—a necessary operation of a true autocorrelation—has not been found. At least one model shows that a temporal delay is unnecessary to produce an autocorrelation model of pitch perception, appealing to phase shifts between cochlear filters; however, earlier work has shown that certain sounds with a prominent peak in their autocorrelation function do not elicit a corresponding pitch percept, and that certain sounds without a peak in their autocorrelation function nevertheless elicit a pitch. To be a more complete model, autocorrelation must therefore apply to signals that represent the output of the cochlea, as via auditory-nerve interspike-interval histograms. Some theories of pitch perception hold that pitch has inherent octave ambiguities, and therefore is best decomposed into a pitch chroma, a periodic value around the octave, like the note names in western music—and a pitch height, which may be ambiguous, that indicates the octave the pitch is in.

question: The precise way this temporal structure helps code for pitch at higher levels is based on what?, answer: autocorrelation of action potentials in the auditory nerve | question: Is a temporal delay necessary to produce an autocorrelation model of pitch perception?, answer: unnecessary | question: Pitch perception has inherent octave what?, answer: ambiguities
Tennessee (i/tɛnᵻˈsiː/) (Cherokee: ᏔᎾᏏ, Tanasi) is a state located in the southeastern United States. Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 17th most populous of the 50 United States. Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Tennessee's capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 601,222. Memphis is the state's largest city, with a population of 653,450.

question: Which state borders Tennessee to the east?, answer: North Carolina | question: Which mountains occupy much of eastern Tennessee?, answer: Appalachian Mountains | question: Which river marks Tennessee's border to the west?, answer: Mississippi River | question: What is the capital of Tennessee?, answer: Nashville | question: What is Tennessee's most populous city?, answer: Memphis
Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state, and more soldiers for the Union Army than any other Southern state. Beginning during Reconstruction, it had competitive party politics, but a Democratic takeover in the late 1880s resulted in passage of disfranchisement laws that excluded most blacks and many poor whites from voting. This sharply reduced competition in politics in the state until after passage of civil rights legislation in the mid-20th century. In the 20th century, Tennessee transitioned from an agrarian economy to a more diversified economy, aided by massive federal investment in the Tennessee Valley Authority and, in the early 1940s, the city of Oak Ridge. This city was established to house the Manhattan Project's uranium enrichment facilities, helping to build the world's first atomic bomb, which was used during World War II.

question: Which part dominated Tennessee's politics in the late 1880s?, answer: Democratic | question: Which Tennessee city was received significant federal investment in the 1940s?, answer: Oak Ridge | question: What part of the Manhattan Project did Tennessee host?, answer: uranium enrichment facilities | question: What made Tennessee politics more competitive again in the middle of the 20th century?, answer: civil rights legislation