lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Present-day Christian religious bodies known for conducting their worship services without musical accompaniment include some Presbyterian churches devoted to the regulative principle of worship, Old Regular Baptists, Primitive Baptists, Plymouth Brethren, Churches of Christ, the Old German Baptist Brethren, Doukhobors the Byzantine Rite and the Amish, Old Order Mennonites and Conservative Mennonites. Certain high church services and other musical events in liturgical churches (such as the Roman Catholic Mass and the Lutheran Divine Service) may be a cappella, a practice remaining from apostolic times. Many Mennonites also conduct some or all of their services without instruments. Sacred Harp, a type of folk music, is an a cappella style of religious singing with shape notes, usually sung at singing conventions.

question: What is the name of the religious a cappella style used with shape notes?, answer: Sacred Harp | question: A cappella exists in some liturgical churches as an influence from what era?, answer: apostolic times | question: In the modern day, what broad religious group is most known to implement a cappella?, answer: Christian religious bodies
Present-day Mali was once part of three West African empires that controlled trans-Saharan trade: the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire (for which Mali is named), and the Songhai Empire. During its golden age, there was a flourishing of mathematics, astronomy, literature, and art. At its peak in 1300, the Mali Empire covered an area about twice the size of modern-day France and stretched to the west coast of Africa. In the late 19th century, during the Scramble for Africa, France seized control of Mali, making it a part of French Sudan. French Sudan (then known as the Sudanese Republic) joined with Senegal in 1959, achieving independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. Shortly thereafter, following Senegal's withdrawal from the federation, the Sudanese Republic declared itself the independent Republic of Mali. After a long period of one-party rule, a coup in 1991 led to the writing of a new constitution and the establishment of Mali as a democratic, multi-party state.

question: In the latter part of the 19th century what country took control of Mali?, answer: France seized control of Mali | question: What year did Mali gain independence as the Mali Federation?, answer: 1960 | question: Along with a new constitution, Mali became what type of state in 1991?, answer: Mali as a democratic, multi-party state | question: Mali was once part of how many West African empires?, answer: three | question: What was the name of the Empire that the country is now named after?, answer: Mali Empire (for which Mali is named)
Present-day Slavic people are classified into West Slavic (chiefly Poles, Czechs and Slovaks), East Slavic (chiefly Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians), and South Slavic (chiefly Serbs, Bulgarians, Croats, Bosniaks, Macedonians, Slovenes, and Montenegrins), though sometimes the West Slavs and East Slavs are combined into a single group known as North Slavs. For a more comprehensive list, see the ethnocultural subdivisions. Modern Slavic nations and ethnic groups are considerably diverse both genetically and culturally, and relations between them – even within the individual ethnic groups themselves – are varied, ranging from a sense of connection to mutual feelings of hostility.

question: West Slavic people consist of which nationalities?, answer: Poles, Czechs and Slovaks | question: East Slavic people consist of which nationalities?, answer: Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians | question: South Slavic people consist of which nationalities?, answer: Serbs, Bulgarians, Croats, Bosniaks, Macedonians, Slovenes, and Montenegrins | question: West and East Slavs are sometimes combined into a single group called what?, answer: North Slavs
Present-day statutes from across the nation use the same words and phrases, requiring modern executions to take place within a wall or enclosure to exclude public view. Connecticut General Statute § 54–100 requires death sentences to be conducted in an "enclosure" which "shall be so constructed as to exclude public view." Kentucky Revised Statute 431.220 and Missouri Revised Statute § 546.730 contain substantially identical language. New Mexico's former death penalty, since repealed, see N.M. Stat. § 31-14-12, required executions be conducted in a "room or place enclosed from public view." Similarly, a dormant Massachusetts law, see Mass. Gen. Law ch. 279 § 60, required executions to take place "within an enclosure or building." North Carolina General Statute § 15-188 requires death sentences to be executed "within the walls" of the penitentiary, as do Oklahoma Statute Title 22 § 1015 and Montana Code § 46-19-103. Ohio Revised Code § 2949.22 requires that "[t]he enclosure shall exclude public view." Similarly, Tennessee Code § 40-23-116 requires "an enclosure" for "strict seclusion and privacy." United States Code Title 18 § 3596 and the Code of Federal Regulations 28 CFR 26.4 limit the witnesses permitted at federal executions.

question: What state's law says that death sentences must take place in an "enclosure"?, answer: Connecticut | question: What state's law requires that capital punishment occur "within the walls" of a penitentiary?, answer: North Carolina | question: What law has similar language to Missouri Revised Statute § 546.730?, answer: Kentucky Revised Statute 431.220 | question: Along with United States Code Title 18 § 3596, what federal law limits the people who can witness a federal execution?, answer: Code of Federal Regulations 28 CFR 26.4 | question: What state's law mandated that executions occur in ""room or place enclosed from public view"?, answer: New Mexico's
Presently, the Central African Republic has active television services, radio stations, internet service providers, and mobile phone carriers; Socatel is the leading provider for both internet and mobile phone access throughout the country. The primary governmental regulating bodies of telecommunications are the Ministère des Postes and Télécommunications et des Nouvelles Technologies. In addition, the Central African Republic receives international support on telecommunication related operations from ITU Telecommunication Development Sector (ITU-D) within the International Telecommunication Union to improve infrastructure.

question: What is the major telecommunications provider in CAR?, answer: Socatel | question: Which body regulated communications?, answer: Ministère des Postes and Télécommunications et des Nouvelles Technologies | question: What type of access is available?, answer: internet service | question: Who assists CAR with telecommunications?, answer: ITU Telecommunication Development Sector | question: What does the CAR get help with with regards to communication from ITU-D?, answer: improve infrastructure
President Abraham Lincoln visited General Grant at Petersburg on April 3, and took a launch to Richmond the next day, while Jefferson Davis attempted to organize his Confederate government at Danville. Lincoln met Confederate assistant secretary of War John A. Campbell, and handed him a note inviting Virginia's legislature to end their rebellion. After Campbell spun the note to Confederate legislators as a possible end to the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln rescinded his offer and ordered General Weitzel to prevent the Confederate state legislature from meeting. Union forces killed, wounded or captured 8000 Confederate troops at Saylor's Creek southwest of Petersburg on April 6. General Lee continued to reject General Grant's surrender suggestion until Sheridan's infantry and cavalry appeared in front of his retreating army on April 8. He surrendered his remaining approximately 10000 troops at Appomattox Court House the following morning. Jefferson Davis retreated to North Carolina, then further south. when Lincoln rejected the surrender terms negotiated by general Sherman and envoys of North Carolina governor Zebulon Vance, which failed to mention slavery. Davis was captured on May 10 near Irwinville, Georgia and taken back to Virginia, where he was charged with treason and imprisoned for two years at Fort Monroe until freed on bail.

question: What was the date before the day Lincoln entered Richmond?, answer: April 3 | question: How many soldiers did Lee have remaining when he surrendered?, answer: 10000 | question: To what state did Davis travel after Lee surrendered?, answer: North Carolina | question: In what structure did Lee surrender to Grant?, answer: Appomattox Court House | question: How many years did Davis spend in Fort Monroe?, answer: two
President Benito Juárez was re-elected in the general election of 1867 in which he received strong liberal support, especially in Chihuahua. Luis Terrazas was confirmed by the people of Chihuahua to be governor of the state. But soon after the election, President Juárez had another crisis on his hands; the Juárez administration was suspected to be involved in the assassination of the military chief José María Patoni executed by General Canto in August 1868. General Canto turned himself over to Donato Guerra. Canto was sentenced to death, but later his sentence changed to 10 years imprisonment. The sense of injustice gave rise to a new rebellion in 1869 that threatened the federal government. In response, the Juárez administration took drastic measures by temporarily suspending constitutional rights, but the governor of Chihuahua did not support this action. Hostilities continued to increase especially after the election of 1871 which was perceived to be fraudulent. A new popular leader arose among the rebels, Porfirio Díaz. The federal government was successful in quelling rebellions in Durango an Chihuahua. On July 18, 1872, President Juárez died from a heart attack; soon after, many of his supporters ceased the fighting. Peace returned to Chihuahua and the new government was led by Governor Antonio Ochoa (formerly a co-owner of the Batopilas silver mines) in 1873 after Luis Terrazas finished his term in 1872.

question: Benito Juarez was reelected in which year?, answer: 1867 | question: Which state gave Juarez a particularly notably strong support?, answer: Chihuahua | question: Who was confirmed to be the president of the state of Chihuahua?, answer: Luis Terrazas | question: Which general turned himself over to Donato Guerra?, answer: General Canto | question: Which year's election was perceived to be fraudulent?, answer: 1871
President Bush denied funding to the UNFPA. Over the course of the Bush Administration, a total of $244 million in Congressionally approved funding was blocked by the Executive Branch.

question: Which government official blocked funding to the UNFPA?, answer: President | question: What was the name of the official who blocked UNFPA funding?, answer: Bush | question: How much funding was blocked?, answer: $244 million | question: Which branch of government denied the UNFPA funding?, answer: the Executive Branch | question: How had the UNFPA funding been initially approved?, answer: Congressionally
President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a "good neighbor" policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935 a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent the decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness.

question: What country did President Frankiln Roosevelt have a good neighbor policy for in hopes of a better relationship?, answer: Mexico | question: In what year did a federal judge say that three immigrants from Mexico were not eligible to be citizens because of their race?, answer: 1935 | question: What US President wanted to treat Hispanic people as white by the federal government?, answer: Roosevelt | question: People of what descent were classified as white by the federal government at the suggestion of President Roosevelt?, answer: Mexican | question: In 1935, what race was a person required to be to become a United States citizen?, answer: white
President Franklin Roosevelt ordered General Douglas MacArthur in the Philippines to formulate a Pacific defence plan with Australia in March 1942. Curtin agreed to place Australian forces under the command of MacArthur who became Supreme Commander, South West Pacific. MacArthur moved his headquarters to Melbourne in March 1942 and American troops began massing in Australia. Enemy naval activity reached Sydney in late May 1942, when Japanese midget submarines launched a daring raid on Sydney Harbour. On 8 June 1942, two Japanese submarines briefly shelled Sydney's eastern suburbs and the city of Newcastle.

question: Who ordered General MacArthur to make a defense plan with Australia?, answer: President Franklin Roosevelt | question: When was General MacArthur ordered to make a defense plan with Australia?, answer: March 1942 | question: Who was the Supreme Commander of the South West Allied forces?, answer: MacArthur | question: Where was MacArthur's headquarters moved to in March of 1942?, answer: Melbourne | question: How many Japanese submarines shelled Sydney on June 8, 1942?, answer: two
President Juárez once again based his government in the state of Chihuahua and it served as the center for the resistance against the French invasion throughout Mexico. On March 25, 1866, a battle ensued in the Plaza de Armas in the center of Chihuahua City between the French imperial forces that were guarding the plaza and the Republican forces led by General Terrazas. Being completely caught off guard, the French imperial forces sought refuge by bunkering themselves in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Our Lady of Regla, and St Fancis of Assisi and made it almost impossible to penetrate their defenses. General Terrazas then decided to fire a heavy artillery barrage with 8 kg cannonballs. The first cannon fired hit a bell in the tower of the church, instantly breaking it in half; soon after, 200 men of the imperial army forces surrendered. The republican forces had recovered control over the state capital. The bell in the church was declared a historical monument and can be seen today in the Cathedral. By April 1866, the state government had established a vital trading route from Chihuahua City to San Antonio, Texas; the government began to replenish their supplies and reinforce their fight against the Imperial forces.

question: Juarez again based his government in which state?, answer: Chihuahua | question: The base served as the center for the resistance against whose invasion?, answer: the French invasion | question: On March 25, 1866, a battle ensued where in Chihuahua City?, answer: Plaza de Armas | question: Who decided to fire a heavy artillery barrage with 8 kg cannonballs?, answer: General Terrazas | question: Which structure in the church became a historical monument?, answer: The bell
President Kennedy stated in Executive Order 10925 that "discrimination because of race, creed, color, or national origin is contrary to the Constitutional principles and policies of the United States"; that "it is the plain and positive obligation of the United States Government to promote and ensure equal opportunity for all qualified persons, without regard to race, creed, color, or national origin, employed or seeking employment with the Federal Government and on government contracts"; that "it is the policy of the executive branch of the Government to encourage by positive measures equal opportunity for all qualified persons within the Government"; and that "it is in the general interest and welfare of the United States to promote its economy, security, and national defense through the most efficient and effective utilization of all available manpower".

question: Which President declared that discrimination is contrary to the Constitutional principles of the United States?, answer: Kennedy | question: Which piece of legislation did President Kennedy use to claim that discrimination was a violation of the Constitution?, answer: Executive Order 10925 | question: What were the affected industries in terms of regulation as a result of Executive Order 10925?, answer: Federal Government and on government contracts
President Richard Nixon declared current species conservation efforts to be inadequate and called on the 93rd United States Congress to pass comprehensive endangered species legislation. Congress responded with a completely rewritten law, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 which was signed by Nixon on December 28, 1973 (Pub.L. 93–205). It was written by a team of lawyers and scientists, including the first appointed head of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ),an outgrowth of NEPA (The "National Environmental Policy Act of 1969") Dr. Russell E. Train. Dr. Train was assisted by a core group of staffers, including Dr. Earl Baysinger at EPA (currently Assistant Chief, Office of Endangered Species and International. Activities), Dick Gutting (U.S. Commerce Dept. lawyer, currently joined NOAA the previous year (1972), and Dr. Gerard A. "Jerry" Bertrand, a marine biologist (Ph.D, Oregon State University) by training, who had transferred from his post as the Scientific Adviser to the U.S Army Corps of Engineers, office of the Commandant of the Corp. to join the newly formed White House office. The staff, under Dr. Train's leadership, incorporated dozens of new principles and ideas into the landmark legislation; crafting a document that completely changed the direction of environmental conservation in the United States. Dr. Bertrand is credited with writing the most challenged section of the Act, the "takings" clause - Section 2.

question: Who led the team of lawyers and scientists who crafted the Endangered Species Act of 1973?, answer: Dr. Russell E. Train | question: The team leader was the first appointed head of what organization?, answer: the Council on Environmental Quality | question: Who wrote the most challenged section of the Act?, answer: Dr. Gerard A. "Jerry" Bertrand | question: Who was the core staffer to the legislation that worked for the EPA and continued to work in the Office of Endangered Species?, answer: Dr. Earl Baysinger | question: What Congress called for the drafting of the Endangered Species Act of 1973?, answer: the 93rd United States Congress
President Truman, symbolizing a broad-based desire for an Eisenhower candidacy for president, again in 1951 pressed him to run for the office as a Democrat. It was at this time that Eisenhower voiced his disagreements with the Democratic party and declared himself and his family to be Republicans. A "Draft Eisenhower" movement in the Republican Party persuaded him to declare his candidacy in the 1952 presidential election to counter the candidacy of non-interventionist Senator Robert A. Taft. The effort was a long struggle; Eisenhower had to be convinced that political circumstances had created a genuine duty for him to offer himself as a candidate, and that there was a mandate from the populace for him to be their President. Henry Cabot Lodge, who served as his campaign manager, and others succeeded in convincing him, and in June 1952 he resigned his command at NATO to campaign full-time. Eisenhower defeated Taft for the nomination, having won critical delegate votes from Texas. Eisenhower's campaign was noted for the simple but effective slogan, "I Like Ike". It was essential to his success that Eisenhower express opposition to Roosevelt's policy at Yalta and against Truman's policies in Korea and China—matters in which he had once participated. In defeating Taft for the nomination, it became necessary for Eisenhower to appease the right wing Old Guard of the Republican Party; his selection of Richard M. Nixon as the Vice-President on the ticket was designed in part for that purpose. Nixon also provided a strong anti-communist presence as well as some youth to counter Ike's more advanced age.

question: Who was President of the United States prior to Eisenhower?, answer: Truman | question: Truman wanted Eisenhower to run for the presidency as a member of what party?, answer: Democratic | question: Who did the Republicans want to block with an Eisenhower candidacy in 1952?, answer: Robert A. Taft | question: What was Taft's political office?, answer: Senator | question: Who was Eisenhower's campaign manager in 1952?, answer: Henry Cabot Lodge
Pressing the sheet removes the water by force; once the water is forced from the sheet, a special kind of felt, which is not to be confused with the traditional one, is used to collect the water; whereas when making paper by hand, a blotter sheet is used instead.

question: How is the water removed by force from a sheet of paper?, answer: Pressing | question: What is used to collect the water expelled from pressing?, answer: felt | question: What is used to collect water when hand-making paper?, answer: blotter sheet | question: Besides a blotter sheet, what can be used to collect water?, answer: felt
Prevention of infectious diarrhea is by improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap. Breastfeeding for at least six months is also recommended as is vaccination against rotavirus. Oral rehydration solution (ORS), which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar, is the treatment of choice. Zinc tablets are also recommended. These treatments have been estimated to have saved 50 million children in the past 25 years. When people have diarrhea it is recommended that they continue to eat healthy food and babies continue to be breastfed. If commercial ORS are not available, homemade solutions may be used. In those with severe dehydration, intravenous fluids may be required. Most cases; however, can be managed well with fluids by mouth. Antibiotics, while rarely used, may be recommended in a few cases such as those who have bloody diarrhea and a high fever, those with severe diarrhea following travelling, and those who grow specific bacteria or parasites in their stool. Loperamide may help decrease the number of bowel movement but is not recommended in those with severe disease.

question: What are some ways to prevent diarrhea?, answer: improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap | question: What else can a mom do to prevent diarrhea for her baby?, answer: Breastfeeding for at least six months | question: What is the treatment of choice for diarrhea?, answer: Oral rehydration solution (ORS), which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar | question: What conditions would a doctor prescribe antibiotics?, answer: cases such as those who have bloody diarrhea and a high fever, those with severe diarrhea following travelling, and those who grow specific bacteria or parasites
Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death row. And during his two terms (1979–1987) as Florida's Governor, Bob Graham, although a strong death penalty supporter who had overseen the first post-Furman involuntary execution as well as 15 others, agreed to commute the sentences of six people on the grounds of "possible innocence" or "disproportionality."

question: Who commuted all state capital sentences in 1986?, answer: Toney Anaya | question: Of what state was Toney Anaya governor?, answer: New Mexico | question: Who was Governor of Ohio in 1991?, answer: Dick Celeste | question: How many women were on Ohio's death row in 1991?, answer: four | question: In what year did Bob Graham become Governor of Florida?, answer: 1979