lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Discrete transistors are individually packaged transistors. Transistors come in many different semiconductor packages (see image). The two main categories are through-hole (or leaded), and surface-mount, also known as surface-mount device (SMD). The ball grid array (BGA) is the latest surface-mount package (currently only for large integrated circuits). It has solder "balls" on the underside in place of leads. Because they are smaller and have shorter interconnections, SMDs have better high-frequency characteristics but lower power rating.

question: What is a discrete transistor?, answer: individually packaged transistors | question: What are the two most common types of transistor?, answer: through-hole (or leaded), and surface-mount | question: What is the newest surface-mount transistor?, answer: ball grid array (BGA) | question: What is another name for the surface-mount transistor?, answer: surface-mount device (SMD) | question: What is a ball grid array composed of?, answer: solder "balls" on the underside in place of leads
Disease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphylococcus releases toxins that produce shock and sepsis. Not all infectious agents cause disease in all hosts. For example, less than 5% of individuals infected with polio develop disease. On the other hand, some infectious agents are highly virulent. The prion causing mad cow disease and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease invariably kills all animals and people that are infected.

question: Disease can arise when an organism inflicts what on the host?, answer: damage | question: What can a microorganism cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of?, answer: toxins | question: What does the of toxin Clostridium tetani releases do?, answer: paralyzes muscles | question: What releases toxins which product shock and sepsis?, answer: staphylococcus | question: What percentage of people infected with polio develop disease?, answer: less than 5%
Dismayed to find that groundbreaking work had already been undertaken by Helmholtz who had conveyed vowel sounds by means of a similar tuning fork "contraption", he pored over the German scientist's book. Working from his own erroneous mistranslation of a French edition, Bell fortuitously then made a deduction that would be the underpinning of all his future work on transmitting sound, reporting: "Without knowing much about the subject, it seemed to me that if vowel sounds could be produced by electrical means, so could consonants, so could articulate speech." He also later remarked: "I thought that Helmholtz had done it ... and that my failure was due only to my ignorance of electricity. It was a valuable blunder ... If I had been able to read German in those days, I might never have commenced my experiments!"[N 7]

question: By what means did Bell conclude vowel sounds could be made?, answer: electrical | question: What else besides vowels did Bell decide could be created?, answer: consonants | question: What language was Bell happy he couldn't read?, answer: German | question: What did Bell think he didn't know well enough?, answer: electricity
Disqualification (sometimes abbreviated as "DQ") occurs when a wrestler violates the match's rules, thus losing automatically. Although a countout can technically be considered a disqualification (as it is, for all intents and purposes, an automatic loss suffered as a result of violating a match rule), the two concepts are often distinct in wrestling. A no disqualification match can still end by countout (although this is rare); typically, a match must be declared a "no holds barred" match, a "street fight" or some other term, in order for both disqualifications and countouts to be waived.[citation needed]

question: What else is disqualification called?, answer: DQ | question: How can a wrestler be disqualified?, answer: wrestler violates the match's rules, thus losing automatically | question: In what case can a countout and disqualification be done away with entirely?, answer: must be declared a "no holds barred" match, a "street fight" or some other term
Dissatisfaction with the conduct of the war was growing with the public in the UK and in other countries, aggravated by reports of fiascos, especially the humiliating defeat of the Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava. On Sunday, 21 January 1855, a "snowball riot" occurred in Trafalgar Square near St. Martin-in-the-Field in which 1,500 people gathered to protest against the war by pelting buses, cabs, and pedestrians with snow balls. When the police intervened, the snowballs were directed at them. The riot was finally put down by troops and police acting with truncheons. In Parliament, Tories demanded an accounting of all soldiers, cavalry and sailors sent to the Crimea and accurate figures as to the number of casualties that had been sustained by all British armed forces in the Crimea; they were especially concerned with the Battle of Balaclava. When Parliament passed a bill to investigate by the vote of 305 to 148, Aberdeen said he had lost a vote of no confidence and resigned as prime minister on 30 January 1855. The veteran former Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston became prime minister. Palmerston took a hard line; he wanted to expand the war, foment unrest inside the Russian Empire, and permanently reduce the Russian threat to Europe. Sweden and Prussia were willing to join the UK and France, and Russia was isolated.:400–402, 406–408

question: On January 21 1855, where did people protest the war?, answer: Trafalgar Square | question: How did troops stop the riot?, answer: with truncheons | question: What were the people using during the protest?, answer: snowballs | question: Who resigned as Prime Minister on January 30, 1855?, answer: Aberdeen | question: What position did Lord Palmerston previously hold before becoming a Prime Minister?, answer: Foreign Secretary
Distinctive and self-identified black communities have been reported in countries such as Iraq, with a reported 1.2 million black people, and they attest to a history of discrimination. African-Iraquis have sought minority status from the government, which would reserve some seats in Parliament for representatives of their population. According to Alamin M. Mazrui et al., generally in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries, most of those of visible African descent are still classified and identify as Arab, not black.

question: Who is seeking minority status from the government?, answer: African-Iraquis | question: Where would they be represented if minority status is granted?, answer: Parliament | question: How are Africans classified in the Arabian Peninsula?, answer: as Arab | question: What types of communities have been reported in Iraq?, answer: Distinctive and self-identified black communities | question: Who gave information on how blacks were classified in the Arabian Peninsula?, answer: Alamin M. Mazrui et al.
Distinguishing motifs of Islamic architecture have always been ordered repetition, radiating structures, and rhythmic, metric patterns. In this respect, fractal geometry has been a key utility, especially for mosques and palaces. Other features employed as motifs include columns, piers and arches, organized and interwoven with alternating sequences of niches and colonnettes. The role of domes in Islamic architecture has been considerable. Its usage spans centuries, first appearing in 691 with the construction of the Dome of the Rock mosque, and recurring even up until the 17th century with the Taj Mahal. And as late as the 19th century, Islamic domes had been incorporated into European architecture.

question: What are the main distinctive features of Islamic architecture?, answer: ordered repetition, radiating structures, and rhythmic, metric patterns | question: What physical characteristics are common in Islamic architecture?, answer: columns, piers and arches | question: When did domes first appear in the architecture of the Muslim World?, answer: 691 | question: Which mosque is believed to be the first with a dome?, answer: Dome of the Rock mosque | question: When was the Taj Mahal constructed?, answer: 17th century
Divorce is discouraged, and remarriage is forbidden unless a divorce is obtained on the grounds of adultery, which they refer to as "a scriptural divorce". If a divorce is obtained for any other reason, remarriage is considered adulterous unless the prior spouse has died or is since considered to have committed sexual immorality. Extreme physical abuse, willful non-support of one's family, and what the religion terms "absolute endangerment of spirituality" are considered grounds for legal separation.

question: What is Jehovah Witnesses' view of divorce?, answer: discouraged | question: What is an acceptable grounds for divorce for a Jehovah Witness?, answer: adultery | question: What do Jehovah Witnesses considered remarriage when the reason for divorce wasn't adultery?, answer: adulterous | question: Jehovah Witnesses will allow what in the event of extreme physical abuse or absolute endangerment of spirituality?, answer: legal separation
Doctrinal development has had an important place in the restoration of the Preachers. Several institutions, besides those already mentioned, played important parts. Such is the Biblical school at Jerusalem, open to the religious of the order and to secular clerics, which publishes the Revue Biblique. The faculty of theology at the University of Fribourg, confided to the care of the Dominicans in 1890, is flourishing, and has about 250 students. The Pontificium Collegium Internationale Angelicum, the future Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum established at Rome in 1908 by Master Hyacinth Cormier, opened its doors to regulars and seculars for the study of the sacred sciences. In addition to the reviews above are the Revue Thomiste, founded by Père Thomas Coconnier (d. 1908), and the Analecta Ordinis Prædicatorum (1893). Among numerous writers of the order in this period are: Cardinals Thomas Zigliara (d. 1893) and Zephirin González (d. 1894), two esteemed philosophers; Alberto Guillelmotti (d. 1893), historian of the Pontifical Navy, and Heinrich Denifle, one of the most famous writers on medieval history (d. 1905).[citation needed]

question: What school publishes the Revue Biblique?, answer: Biblical school at Jerusalem | question: When was the University of Fribourg put into the Dominican Order's care?, answer: 1890 | question: How many students does the University of Fribourg have?, answer: 250 | question: What is the name of one Dominican Order institution of learning?, answer: Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas | question: What Dominican founded the Revue Thomiste?, answer: Père Thomas Coconnier
Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel received from the Governing Body, reasoning that it is to be trusted as part of "God's organization". It also warns members to "avoid independent thinking", claiming such thinking "was introduced by Satan the Devil" and would "cause division". Those who openly disagree with official teachings are condemned as "apostates" who are "mentally diseased".

question: Who establishes the doctrines of the Jehovah's Witnesses?, answer: the Governing Body | question: What do the Jehovah's Witnesses religion not tolerate any of?, answer: dissent | question: What happens to members who disagree with the religion's teachings?, answer: expelled and shunned | question: Why should the counsel received from the Governing Body be trusted?, answer: part of "God's organization" | question: Who do Jehovah's Witnesses believe introduced independent thinking?, answer: Satan the Devil
Documentary filmmakers have studied the lives of wrestlers and the effects the profession has on them and their families. The 1999 theatrical documentary Beyond the Mat focused on Terry Funk, a wrestler nearing retirement; Mick Foley, a wrestler within his prime; Jake Roberts, a former star fallen from grace; and a school of wrestling student trying to break into the business. The 2005 release Lipstick and Dynamite, Piss and Vinegar: The First Ladies of Wrestling chronicled the development of women's wrestling throughout the 20th century. Pro wrestling has been featured several times on HBO's Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel. MTV's documentary series True Life featured two episodes titled "I'm a Professional Wrestler" and "I Want to Be a Professional Wrestler". Other documentaries have been produced by The Learning Channel (The Secret World of Professional Wrestling) and A&E (Hitman Hart: Wrestling with Shadows). Bloodstained Memoirs explored the careers of several pro wrestlers, including Chris Jericho, Rob Van Dam and Roddy Piper.

question: Who has studied the lives of wrestlers?, answer: Documentary filmmakers | question: When did Beyond the Mat come out?, answer: 1999 | question: Who hosts Real Sports?, answer: Bryant Gumbel | question: Who are a few wrestlers who have had memoirs written about them?, answer: Chris Jericho, Rob Van Dam and Roddy Piper
Dollar coins have not been very popular in the United States. Silver dollars were minted intermittently from 1794 through 1935; a copper-nickel dollar of the same large size, featuring President Dwight D. Eisenhower, was minted from 1971 through 1978. Gold dollars were also minted in the 19th century. The Susan B. Anthony dollar coin was introduced in 1979; these proved to be unpopular because they were often mistaken for quarters, due to their nearly equal size, their milled edge, and their similar color. Minting of these dollars for circulation was suspended in 1980 (collectors' pieces were struck in 1981), but, as with all past U.S. coins, they remain legal tender. As the number of Anthony dollars held by the Federal Reserve and dispensed primarily to make change in postal and transit vending machines had been virtually exhausted, additional Anthony dollars were struck in 1999. In 2000, a new $1 coin, featuring Sacagawea, (the Sacagawea dollar) was introduced, which corrected some of the problems of the Anthony dollar by having a smooth edge and a gold color, without requiring changes to vending machines that accept the Anthony dollar. However, this new coin has failed to achieve the popularity of the still-existing $1 bill and is rarely used in daily transactions. The failure to simultaneously withdraw the dollar bill and weak publicity efforts have been cited by coin proponents as primary reasons for the failure of the dollar coin to gain popular support.

question: When were silver dollars first minted?, answer: 1794 | question: Who was featured on the copper - nickel dollar?, answer: President Dwight D. Eisenhower | question: Which coin was introduced in 1979?, answer: Susan B. Anthony dollar | question: What did the new $1 coin minted in 2000 feature?, answer: Sacagawea | question: In which century were gold dollars minted?, answer: 19th
Domestic geese are much larger than their wild counterparts and tend to have thick necks, an upright posture, and large bodies with broad rear ends. The greylag-derived birds are large and fleshy and used for meat, while the Chinese geese have smaller frames and are mainly used for egg production. The fine down of both is valued for use in pillows and padded garments. They forage on grass and weeds, supplementing this with small invertebrates, and one of the attractions of rearing geese is their ability to grow and thrive on a grass-based system. They are very gregarious and have good memories and can be allowed to roam widely in the knowledge that they will return home by dusk. The Chinese goose is more aggressive and noisy than other geese and can be used as a guard animal to warn of intruders. The flesh of meat geese is dark-coloured and high in protein, but they deposit fat subcutaneously, although this fat contains mostly monounsaturated fatty acids. The birds are killed either around 10 or about 24 weeks. Between these ages, problems with dressing the carcase occur because of the presence of developing pin feathers.

question: do domestic and wild geese have the same apperearance ?, answer: Domestic geese are much larger than their wild counterparts and tend to have thick necks, an upright posture, and large bodies with broad rear ends | question: What types of geese are used for human consumption?, answer: The greylag-derived birds | question: What types of geese are used most efficiently for their egg production?, answer: Chinese geese | question: What is the down feathers of geese most commonly used for ?, answer: use in pillows and padded garments | question: Why is the meat of geese considered fatty ?, answer: they deposit fat subcutaneously, although this fat contains mostly monounsaturated fatty acids
Domestically, Barcelona has won 23 La Liga, 27 Copa del Rey, 11 Supercopa de España, 3 Copa Eva Duarte and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. In international club football, Barcelona has won five UEFA Champions League titles, a record four UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, a shared record five UEFA Super Cup, a record three Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and a record three FIFA Club World Cup trophies. Barcelona was ranked first in the IFFHS Club World Ranking for 1997, 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2015 and currently occupies the second position on the UEFA club rankings. The club has a long-standing rivalry with Real Madrid; matches between the two teams are referred to as El Clásico.

question: How many Copa del Rey trophies has Barcelona won?, answer: 27 | question: How many UEFA Champions League titles has Barcelona won?, answer: five | question: Barcelona ranked first in the IFFHS Club World Ranking in what years?, answer: 1997, 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2015 | question: How many Inter-Cities Fairs Cup trophies has Barcelona won?, answer: three | question: What position is Barcelona ranked on the UEFA club rankings?, answer: second | question: How many UEFA Championship League titles has Barcelona won?, answer: five | question: How many UEFA Cup Winners' Cup wins does Barcelona have?, answer: four | question: How many FIFA Club World Cup trophies does football club Barcelona have?, answer: three | question: What club is Barcelona's long time rival?, answer: Real Madrid | question: How many UEFA Super Cup wins does the Barcelona team have?, answer: five
Domestically, Menzies presided over a fairly regulated economy in which utilities were publicly owned, and commercial activity was highly regulated through centralised wage-fixing and high tariff protection. Liberal leaders from Menzies to Malcolm Fraser generally maintained Australia's high tariff levels. At that time the Liberals' coalition partner, the Country Party, the older of the two in the coalition (now known as the "National Party"), had considerable influence over the government's economic policies. It was not until the late 1970s and through their period out of power federally in the 1980s that the party came to be influenced by what was known as the "New Right" – a conservative liberal group who advocated market deregulation, privatisation of public utilities, reductions in the size of government programs and tax cuts.

question: Did Mezies and Malcom Fraser raise, mainain, or lower tariff levels?, answer: generally maintain | question: Which group is currently known as the "National Party"?, answer: the Country Party | question: What is the "New Right"?, answer: a conservative liberal group who advocated market deregulation, privatisation of public utilities, reductions in the size of government programs and tax cuts | question: Were utilities publically or privately owned in Menzie's economy?, answer: publicly
Domesticated birds raised for meat and eggs, called poultry, are the largest source of animal protein eaten by humans; in 2003, 76 million tons of poultry and 61 million tons of eggs were produced worldwide. Chickens account for much of human poultry consumption, though domesticated turkeys, ducks, and geese are also relatively common. Many species of birds are also hunted for meat. Bird hunting is primarily a recreational activity except in extremely undeveloped areas. The most important birds hunted in North and South America are waterfowl; other widely hunted birds include pheasants, wild turkeys, quail, doves, partridge, grouse, snipe, and woodcock. Muttonbirding is also popular in Australia and New Zealand. Though some hunting, such as that of muttonbirds, may be sustainable, hunting has led to the extinction or endangerment of dozens of species.

question: What are domesticated birds raised for meat and eggs?, answer: poultry | question: What is the largest source of animal protein eaten by humans?, answer: poultry | question: In 2003, how many tons of poultry were produced worldwide?, answer: 76 million tons | question: What is primarily a recreational activity except in extremely underdeveloped areas?, answer: Bird hunting
Domestication of sheep and goats reached Egypt from the Near East possibly as early as 6,000 BC. Graeme Barker states "The first indisputable evidence for domestic plants and animals in the Nile valley is not until the early fifth millennium bc in northern Egypt and a thousand years later further south, in both cases as part of strategies that still relied heavily on fishing, hunting, and the gathering of wild plants" and suggests that these subsistence changes were not due to farmers migrating from the Near East but was an indigenous development, with cereals either indigenous or obtained through exchange. Other scholars argue that the primary stimulus for agriculture and domesticated animals (as well as mud-brick architecture and other Neolithic cultural features) in Egypt was from the Middle East.

question: When did the domestication of sheep first appear in Egypt?, answer: 6,000 BC | question: How did Egyptians gather food before raising livestock?, answer: fishing, hunting, and the gathering of wild plants | question: What region do some scholars see as the source for Egypt's start in agriculture?, answer: the Middle East
Dominic became the spiritual father to several Albigensian women he had reconciled to the faith, and in 1206 he established them in a convent in Prouille. This convent would become the foundation of the Dominican nuns, thus making the Dominican nuns older than the Dominican friars. Prior Diego sanctioned the building of a monastery for girls whose parents had sent them to the care of the Albigensians because their families were too poor to fulfill their basic needs. The monastery was at Prouille would later become Dominic's headquarters for his missionary effort there. After two years on the mission field, Prior Diego died while traveling back to Spain. When his preaching companions heard of his death, all save Dominic and a very small number of others returned to their homes.

question: In what year did Dominic establish a convent?, answer: 1206 | question: What women did Dominic convert for his convent?, answer: Albigensian | question: What group are older than the Dominican Friars?, answer: Dominican nuns | question: Why did families send their girls to Diego's monastery?, answer: too poor | question: How long after his mission did Prior Diego die?, answer: two years