lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
A person from Ann Arbor is called an "Ann Arborite", and many long-time residents call themselves "townies". The city itself is often called "A²" ("A-squared") or "A2" ("A two") or "AA", "The Deuce" (mainly by Chicagoans), and "Tree Town". With tongue-in-cheek reference to the city's liberal political leanings, some occasionally refer to Ann Arbor as "The People's Republic of Ann Arbor" or "25 square miles surrounded by reality", the latter phrase being adapted from Wisconsin Governor Lee Dreyfus's description of Madison, Wisconsin. In A Prairie Home Companion broadcast from Ann Arbor, Garrison Keillor described Ann Arbor as "a city where people discuss socialism, but only in the fanciest restaurants." Ann Arbor sometimes appears on citation indexes as an author, instead of a location, often with the academic degree MI, a misunderstanding of the abbreviation for Michigan. Ann Arbor has become increasingly gentrified in recent years.

question: What is a person from Ann Arbor called?, answer: Ann Arborite | question: In recent years what has Ann Arbor become?, answer: gentrified | question: Which city is referred to as the "People's Republic of Ann Arbor"?, answer: Ann Arbor
A person may display either relative weakness or relative strength in terms of both exploration and commitments. When assigned categories, four possible permutations result: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement. Diffusion is when a person lacks both exploration in life and interest in committing even to those unchosen roles that he or she occupies. Foreclosure is when a person has not chosen extensively in the past, but seems willing to commit to some relevant values, goals, or roles in the future. Moratorium is when a person displays a kind of flightiness, ready to make choices but unable to commit to them. Finally, achievement is when a person makes identity choices and commits to them.

question: What may a person display in terms of both exploration and commitments?, answer: relative weakness or relative strength | question: What is the permutation when a person lacks exploration and commitment?, answer: identity diffusion | question: What is the permutation when a person has not chosen goals in the past but is willing to in the future?, answer: identity foreclosure | question: What is the permutation when a person is ready to make commitments but unable to commit?, answer: identity moratorium | question: What is the permutation when a person commits to identity choices?, answer: identity achievement
A person's self-report is the most reliable measure of pain, with health care professionals tending to underestimate severity. A definition of pain widely employed in nursing, emphasizing its subjective nature and the importance of believing patient reports, was introduced by Margo McCaffery in 1968: "Pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he says it does". To assess intensity, the patient may be asked to locate their pain on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being no pain at all, and 10 the worst pain they have ever felt. Quality can be established by having the patient complete the McGill Pain Questionnaire indicating which words best describe their pain.

question: What is the most reliable measure of pain?, answer: person's self-report | question: What do health-care professionals tend to underestimate?, answer: severity | question: What did Margo McCaffery introduce in 1968?, answer: definition of pain | question: What scale might a patient be asked to locate their pain on?, answer: 0 to 10 | question: What are patients asked to use the McGill Pain Questionnaire to indicate?, answer: which words best describe their pain
A physical USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are referred to as device functions. A single device may provide several functions, for example, a webcam (video device function) with a built-in microphone (audio device function). This kind of device is called a composite device. An alternative to this is compound device, in which the host assigns each logical device a distinctive address and all logical devices connect to a built-in hub that connects to the physical USB cable.

question: What are logical sub-devices referred to as?, answer: device functions | question: A single device can provide an audio device function such as?, answer: built-in microphone | question: A single device can provide a video device function such as?, answer: a webcam
A plethora of anti-aircraft gun systems of smaller calibre were available to the German Wehrmacht combined forces, and among them the 1940-origin Flakvierling quadruple-20 mm-gun antiaircraft weapon system was one of the most often-seen weapons, seeing service on both land and sea. The similar Allied smaller-calibre air-defence weapons systems of the American forces were also quite capable, although they receive little attention. Their needs could cogently be met with smaller-calibre ordnance beyond using the usual singly-mounted M2 .50 caliber machine gun atop a tank's turret, as four of the ground-used "heavy barrel" (M2HB) guns were mounted together on the American Maxson firm's M45 Quadmount weapons system (as a direct answer to the Flakvierling),which were often mounted on the back of a half-track to form the Half Track, M16 GMC, Anti-Aircraft. Although of less power than Germany's 20 mm systems, the typical 4 or 5 combat batteries of an Army AAA battalion were often spread many kilometers apart from each other, rapidly attaching and detaching to larger ground combat units to provide welcome defence from enemy aircraft.

question: What was one of the most often seen weapons that was used both on land and sea?, answer: 1940-origin Flakvierling quadruple-20 mm-gun antiaircraft weapon system | question: What weapons system did American troops use but received minute attention?, answer: Allied smaller-calibre air-defence weapons systems | question: How many of the M2HB guns were mounted together on the M45 Quadmount weapons system?, answer: four | question: This system was a direct answer to what?, answer: the Flakvierling | question: The combat batteries of an Army AAA battalion were often spread how far apart from each other?, answer: many kilometers
A police force is a constituted body of persons empowered by the state to enforce the law, protect property, and limit civil disorder. Their powers include the legitimized use of force. The term is most commonly associated with police services of a sovereign state that are authorized to exercise the police power of that state within a defined legal or territorial area of responsibility. Police forces are often defined as being separate from military or other organizations involved in the defense of the state against foreign aggressors; however, gendarmerie are military units charged with civil policing.

question: What does the state want a police force to do?, answer: enforce the law, protect property, and limit civil disorder | question: What are gendarmerie?, answer: military units charged with civil policing | question: What are police usually separate from?, answer: military or other organizations involved in the defense of the state against foreign aggressors
A political party is typically led by a party leader (the most powerful member and spokesperson representing the party), a party secretary (who maintains the daily work and records of party meetings), party treasurer (who is responsible for membership dues) and party chair (who forms strategies for recruiting and retaining party members, and also chairs party meetings). Most of the above positions are also members of the party executive, the leading organization which sets policy for the entire party at the national level. The structure is far more decentralized in the United States because of the separation of powers, federalism and the multiplicity of economic interests and religious sects. Even state parties are decentralized as county and other local committees are largely independent of state central committees. The national party leader in the U.S. will be the president, if the party holds that office, or a prominent member of Congress in opposition (although a big-state governor may aspire to that role). Officially, each party has a chairman for its national committee who is a prominent spokesman, organizer and fund-raiser, but without the status of prominent elected office holders.

question: Do political parties have a Party leader?, answer: A political party is typically led by a party leader | question: Who maintains the daily work and records of party meetings?, answer: party secretary | question: Who is responsible for the membership fees and expenses?, answer: party treasurer | question: Who is responsible for recruiting and maintaining party members?, answer: party chair
A popular trend in this era was remixing dance music hits into adult contemporary ballads, especially in the US, (for example, the "Candlelight Mix" versions of "Heaven" by DJ Sammy, "Listen To Your Heart" by D.H.T., and "Everytime We Touch" by Cascada). Adult contemporary has long characterized itself as family-friendly, but edited versions of "Perfect" by P!nk and "Forget You" by Cee Lo Green showed up in the format in 2011.

question: What was the name of DJ Sammy's mix of "Heaven"?, answer: the "Candlelight Mix" | question: Who recorded the song "Listen To Your Heart"?, answer: D.H.T. | question: Who is known for the song "Everytime We Touch"?, answer: Cascada | question: What artist performed the song "Forget You"?, answer: Cee Lo Green | question: What version of P!nk's "Perfect" appeared on adult contemporary radio in 2011?, answer: edited
A potential important influence on adolescence is change of the family dynamic, specifically divorce. With the divorce rate up to about 50%, divorce is common and adds to the already great amount of change in adolescence. Custody disputes soon after a divorce often reflect a playing out of control battles and ambivalence between parents. Divorce usually results in less contact between the adolescent and their noncustodial parent. In extreme cases of instability and abuse in homes, divorce can have a positive effect on families due to less conflict in the home. However, most research suggests a negative effect on adolescence as well as later development. A recent study found that, compared with peers who grow up in stable post-divorce families, children of divorce who experience additional family transitions during late adolescence, make less progress in their math and social studies performance over time. Another recent study put forth a new theory entitled the adolescent epistemological trauma theory, which posited that traumatic life events such as parental divorce during the formative period of late adolescence portend lifelong effects on adult conflict behavior that can be mitigated by effective behavioral assessment and training. A parental divorce during childhood or adolescence continues to have a negative effect when a person is in his or her twenties and early thirties. These negative effects include romantic relationships and conflict style, meaning as adults, they are more likely to use the styles of avoidance and competing in conflict management.

question: What is the current divorce rate?, answer: about 50% | question: Does divorce usually result in more or less contact with the noncustodial parent?, answer: less | question: What new theory states that traumatic events during adolescence have lifelong effects?, answer: epistemological trauma theory | question: Does a parental divorce during childhood or adulthood have a positive or negative effect on a person during early adulthood?, answer: negative
A pre-war plan laid out by the late Marshal Niel called for a strong French offensive from Thionville towards Trier and into the Prussian Rhineland. This plan was discarded in favour of a defensive plan by Generals Charles Frossard and Bartélemy Lebrun, which called for the Army of the Rhine to remain in a defensive posture near the German border and repel any Prussian offensive. As Austria along with Bavaria, Württemberg and Baden were expected to join in a revenge war against Prussia, I Corps would invade the Bavarian Palatinate and proceed to "free" the South German states in concert with Austro-Hungarian forces. VI Corps would reinforce either army as needed.

question: Pre-war, who planned for a strong French offensive?, answer: Marshal Niel | question: From Thionville towards Trier, what was the final destination of the offensive?, answer: the Prussian Rhineland | question: Niel's plan was cast aside in favour of a plan by General Frossard and what other general??, answer: Bartélemy Lebrun | question: The new plan called for which army to remain in a defensive grouping at the German border?, answer: Army of the Rhine
A predator's effect on its prey species is hard to see in the short-term. However, if observed over a longer period of time, it is seen that the population of a predator will correlationally rise and fall with the population of its prey in a cycle similar to the boom and bust cycle of economics. If a predator overhunts its prey, the prey population will lower to numbers that are too scarce for the predators to find. This will cause the predator population to dip, decreasing the predation pressure on the prey population. The decrease in predators will allow the small number of prey left to slowly increase their population to somewhere around their previous abundance, which will allow the predator population to increase in response to the greater availability of resources. If a predator hunts its prey species to numbers too low to sustain the population in the short term, they can cause not only the extinction or extirpation of the prey but also the extinction of their own species, a phenomenon known as coextinction. This is a risk that wildlife conservationists encounter when introducing predators to prey that have not coevolved with the same or similar predators. This possibility depends largely on how well and how fast the prey species is able to adapt to the introduced predator. One way that this risk can be avoided is if the predator finds an alternative prey species or if an alternative prey species is introduced (something that ecologists and environmentalists try to avoid whenever possible). An alternative prey species would help to lift some of the predation pressure from the initial prey species, giving the population a chance to recover, however it does not guarantee that the initial prey species will be able to recover as the initial prey population may have been hunted to below sustainable numbers or to complete extinction.

question: When a predator hunts too much of its prey, causing both populations to dissappear, the phenomenon is called what?, answer: coextinction | question: Are predator's effects on prey easiest to see in the short-term or long-term?, answer: longer period of time | question: The rise and fall of predator and prey populations are similar to what, in the US economy?, answer: boom and bust cycle of economics
A primary purpose of testing is to detect software failures so that defects may be discovered and corrected. Testing cannot establish that a product functions properly under all conditions but can only establish that it does not function properly under specific conditions. The scope of software testing often includes examination of code as well as execution of that code in various environments and conditions as well as examining the aspects of code: does it do what it is supposed to do and do what it needs to do. In the current culture of software development, a testing organization may be separate from the development team. There are various roles for testing team members. Information derived from software testing may be used to correct the process by which software is developed.

question: What is the primamry reason for testing software?, answer: to detect software failures | question: What can testing software not fully completely establish?, answer: cannot establish that a product functions properly under all conditions | question: What does the scope of testing the software also look at?, answer: examination of code as well as execution of that code | question: Which two teams would you normally separate when writing and testing software?, answer: testing organization may be separate from the development team
A process of standardisation started in the Middle Ages, especially under the influence of the Burgundian Ducal Court in Dijon (Brussels after 1477). The dialects of Flanders and Brabant were the most influential around this time. The process of standardisation became much stronger at the start of the 16th century, mainly based on the urban dialect of Antwerp. In 1585 Antwerp fell to the Spanish army: many fled to the Northern Netherlands, where the Dutch Republic declared its independence from Spain. They particularly influenced the urban dialects of the province of Holland. In 1637, a further important step was made towards a unified language, when the Statenvertaling, the first major Bible translation into Dutch, was created that people from all over the new republic could understand. It used elements from various, even Dutch Low Saxon, dialects but was predominantly based on the urban dialects of Holland of post 16th century.

question: What court in Dijon prior to 1477 had a hand in standardizing Dutch?, answer: Burgundian Ducal Court | question: Which two Dutch dialects had the greatest influence in the Middle Ages?, answer: Flanders and Brabant | question: Which century marked great progress in Dutch standardization brought on by Antwerp?, answer: 16th | question: What year did the Spanish conquer Antwerp?, answer: 1585 | question: What was the first Dutch Bible translation called?, answer: Statenvertaling
A professional wrestling match can end in a draw. A draw occurs if both opponents are simultaneously disqualified (as via countout or if the referee loses complete control of the match and both opponents attack each other with no regard to being in a match, like Brock Lesnar vs. Undertaker at Unforgiven in 2002), neither opponent is able to answer a ten-count, or both opponents simultaneously win the match. The latter can occur if, for example, one opponent's shoulders touch the mat while maintaining a submission hold against another opponent. If the opponent in the hold begins to tap out at the same time a referee counts to three for pinning the opponent delivering the hold, both opponents have legally achieved scoring conditions simultaneously. Traditionally, a championship may not change hands in the event of a draw (though it may become vacant), though some promotions such as TNA have endorsed rules where the champion may lose a title by disqualification. A variant of the draw is the time-limit draw, where the match does not have a winner by a specified time period (a one-hour draw, which was once common, is known in wrestling circles as a "Broadway").

question: What is one way a match can end?, answer: in a draw | question: What is one reason a draw can result?, answer: if both opponents are simultaneously disqualified | question: What usually happens regarding a championship during a draw?, answer: may not change hands in the event of a draw | question: What is another name for a one hour draw?, answer: "Broadway"
A project that is proceeding is the creation of The Queen's Diamond Jubilee Galleries in the medieval triforium of the abbey. The aim is to create a new display area for the abbey's treasures in the galleries high up around the abbey's nave. To this end a new Gothic access tower with lift has been designed by the abbey architect and Surveyor of the Fabric, Ptolemy Dean. It is planned that the new galleries will open in 2018.

question: What will be created in the medieval triforium?, answer: The Queen's Diamond Jubilee Galleries | question: What has been designed to help with the gallery?, answer: Gothic access tower with lift | question: When will the new galleries open?, answer: 2018
A psychological identity relates to self-image (one's mental model of oneself), self-esteem, and individuality. Consequently, Weinreich gives the definition "A person's identity is defined as the totality of one's self-construal, in which how one construes oneself in the present expresses the continuity between how one construes oneself as one was in the past and how one construes oneself as one aspires to be in the future"; this allows for definitions of aspects of identity, such as: "One's ethnic identity is defined as that part of the totality of one's self-construal made up of those dimensions that express the continuity between one's construal of past ancestry and one's future aspirations in relation to ethnicity" (Weinreich, 1986a).

question: Self-image, self-esteem, and individuality relate to what?, answer: A psychological identity | question: What aspect or type of identity does Weinreich single out?, answer: ethnic identity | question: What psychological concept does Weinreich state as between the past and future?, answer: identity | question: A person's identity is defined as the totality of what?, answer: one's self-construal
A pub /pʌb/, or public house is, despite its name, a private house, but is called a public house because it is licensed to sell alcohol to the general public. It is a drinking establishment in Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Denmark and New England. In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community. The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England.

question: What is a pub licensed to sell?, answer: it is licensed to sell alcohol | question: In many villages what establishment could be called the focal point of the community?, answer: the pub | question: What is the term 'pub' short for?, answer: public house | question: Where in the United States are pubs located?, answer: New England | question: What continental European country has pubs?, answer: Denmark | question: Other than the United States, where in North America are pubs located?, answer: Canada | question: Who said that pubs are the heart of England?, answer: Samuel Pepys
A public genome sequencing effort of cotton was initiated in 2007 by a consortium of public researchers. They agreed on a strategy to sequence the genome of cultivated, tetraploid cotton. "Tetraploid" means that cultivated cotton actually has two separate genomes within its nucleus, referred to as the A and D genomes. The sequencing consortium first agreed to sequence the D-genome relative of cultivated cotton (G. raimondii, a wild Central American cotton species) because of its small size and limited number of repetitive elements. It is nearly one-third the number of bases of tetraploid cotton (AD), and each chromosome is only present once.[clarification needed] The A genome of G. arboreum would be sequenced next. Its genome is roughly twice the size of G. raimondii's. Part of the difference in size between the two genomes is the amplification of retrotransposons (GORGE). Once both diploid genomes are assembled, then research could begin sequencing the actual genomes of cultivated cotton varieties. This strategy is out of necessity; if one were to sequence the tetraploid genome without model diploid genomes, the euchromatic DNA sequences of the AD genomes would co-assemble and the repetitive elements of AD genomes would assembly independently into A and D sequences respectively. Then there would be no way to untangle the mess of AD sequences without comparing them to their diploid counterparts.

question: What is the final sequencing goal of sequencing diploid cotton genomes first ?, answer: tetraploid cotton | question: What type of cotton has two separate genomes within its nucleus?, answer: Tetraploid | question: When did a group of researchers decide to sequence the genomic structure of tetraploid cotton?, answer: 2007 | question: What type of genome must be sequenced first to prevent confusion before the tetraploid form?, answer: diploid | question: In order to understand the tetraploid forms, what must be used as a comparison in cotton gene sequencing?, answer: diploid counterparts