lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
An armed rebellion beginning in 1956 by the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) under the leadership of Amílcar Cabral gradually consolidated its hold on then Portuguese Guinea. Unlike guerrilla movements in other Portuguese colonies, the PAIGC rapidly extended its military control over large portions of the territory, aided by the jungle-like terrain, its easily reached borderlines with neighbouring allies, and large quantities of arms from Cuba, China, the Soviet Union, and left-leaning African countries. Cuba also agreed to supply artillery experts, doctors, and technicians. The PAIGC even managed to acquire a significant anti-aircraft capability in order to defend itself against aerial attack. By 1973, the PAIGC was in control of many parts of Guinea, although the movement suffered a setback in January 1973 when Cabral was assassinated.

question: What group started an armed rebellion in Guinea-Bissau?, answer: African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) | question: When did the armed rebellion begin?, answer: 1956 | question: Who was the leader of the armed rebellion?, answer: Amílcar Cabral | question: Who supplied doctors and technicians to the rebels?, answer: Cuba | question: When was Cabral assassinated?, answer: January 1973
An early advantage of AC is that the power-wasting resistors used in DC locomotives for speed control were not needed in an AC locomotive: multiple taps on the transformer can supply a range of voltages. Separate low-voltage transformer windings supply lighting and the motors driving auxiliary machinery. More recently, the development of very high power semiconductors has caused the classic "universal" AC/DC motor to be largely replaced with the three-phase induction motor fed by a variable frequency drive, a special inverter that varies both frequency and voltage to control motor speed. These drives can run equally well on DC or AC of any frequency, and many modern electric locomotives are designed to handle different supply voltages and frequencies to simplify cross-border operation.

question: How can different range of voltages be supplied for AC locomotives?, answer: multiple taps on the transformer | question: What was a disadvantage of DC system?, answer: power-wasting resistors | question: What taps can provide lighting supply?, answer: low-voltage transformer windings | question: What will AC/DC motor be replaced with?, answer: three-phase induction motor | question: What is the main advantage of an induction motor?, answer: can run equally well on DC or AC of any frequency
An early formal system of temporal logic was studied by Avicenna. Although he did not develop a real theory of temporal propositions, he did study the relationship between temporalis and the implication. Avicenna's work was further developed by Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī and became the dominant system of Islamic logic until modern times. Avicennian logic also influenced several early European logicians such as Albertus Magnus and William of Ockham. Avicenna endorsed the law of noncontradiction proposed by Aristotle, that a fact could not be both true and false at the same time and in the same sense of the terminology used. He stated, "Anyone who denies the law of noncontradiction should be beaten and burned until he admits that to be beaten is not the same as not to be beaten, and to be burned is not the same as not to be burned."

question: What was a subject that Avicenna studied, but did not develop a theory on?, answer: temporal logic | question: Who expanded on Avicenna's work in temporal logic?, answer: Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī | question: What became the dominant system of Islamic logic?, answer: Avicennian logic | question: What European logician was greatly influenced by Avicenna?, answer: Albertus Magnus | question: Whose law of noncontradiction did Avicenna endorse?, answer: Aristotle
An early non-Christian reference to the crucifixion of Jesus is likely to be Mara Bar-Serapion's letter to his son, written sometime after AD 73 but before the 3rd century AD. The letter includes no Christian themes and the author is presumed to be a pagan. The letter refers to the retributions that followed the unjust treatment of three wise men: Socrates, Pythagoras, and "the wise king" of the Jews. Some scholars see little doubt that the reference to the execution of the "king of the Jews" is about the crucifixion of Jesus, while others place less value in the letter, given the possible ambiguity in the reference.

question: Where can an early non-Christian reference be found to the Crucifixion?, answer: Mara Bar-Serapion's letter to his son | question: What is the author of the letter assumed to be?, answer: pagan | question: What does the letter reference?, answer: retributions that followed the unjust treatment of three wise men | question: Other than Jesus, who was one of the wisemen?, answer: Socrates | question: Does everyone agree with the content of the letter?, answer: others place less value in the letter
An earthworm's digestive system consists of a mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, and intestine. The mouth is surrounded by strong lips, which act like a hand to grab pieces of dead grass, leaves, and weeds, with bits of soil to help chew. The lips break the food down into smaller pieces. In the pharynx, the food is lubricated by mucus secretions for easier passage. The esophagus adds calcium carbonate to neutralize the acids formed by food matter decay. Temporary storage occurs in the crop where food and calcium carbonate are mixed. The powerful muscles of the gizzard churn and mix the mass of food and dirt. When the churning is complete, the glands in the walls of the gizzard add enzymes to the thick paste, which helps chemically breakdown the organic matter. By peristalsis, the mixture is sent to the intestine where friendly bacteria continue chemical breakdown. This releases carbohydrates, protein, fat, and various vitamins and minerals for absorption into the body.

question: What does a earthworms digestive systme consist of?, answer: a mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, and intestine. | question: What does an earthworm eat?, answer: dead grass, leaves, and weeds | question: What helps the earthworm grab grass leaves and weeds?, answer: The mouth is surrounded by strong lips | question: What is the food coated with for easier passage?, answer: mucus | question: What part of the earthworm helps churn and mix the dirt and food?, answer: The powerful muscles of the gizzard
An electromagnetic wave refractor in some aperture antennas is a component which due to its shape and position functions to selectively delay or advance portions of the electromagnetic wavefront passing through it. The refractor alters the spatial characteristics of the wave on one side relative to the other side. It can, for instance, bring the wave to a focus or alter the wave front in other ways, generally in order to maximize the directivity of the antenna system. This is the radio equivalent of an optical lens.

question: What is used to allow one to control the function of wave fronts moving through an antenna?, answer: selectively delay | question: What changes the structuak traits of a wave on either side?, answer: refractor | question: What is the main purpose of a refractor?, answer: spatial characteristics | question: A refractor can be compared to what type of viewing?, answer: optical lens
An electrostatic motor is based on the attraction and repulsion of electric charge. Usually, electrostatic motors are the dual of conventional coil-based motors. They typically require a high-voltage power supply, although very small motors employ lower voltages. Conventional electric motors instead employ magnetic attraction and repulsion, and require high current at low voltages. In the 1750s, the first electrostatic motors were developed by Benjamin Franklin and Andrew Gordon. Today the electrostatic motor finds frequent use in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) where their drive voltages are below 100 volts, and where moving, charged plates are far easier to fabricate than coils and iron cores. Also, the molecular machinery which runs living cells is often based on linear and rotary electrostatic motors.[citation needed]

question: What type of motor is based on the attraction and repulsion of electric charge?, answer: electrostatic | question: What are electrostatic motors like two of?, answer: conventional coil-based motors | question: What type of power supply do electrostatic motors usually have?, answer: high-voltage | question: What two inventors developed the first electrostatic motors?, answer: Benjamin Franklin and Andrew Gordon | question: Micro-electro mechanical systems prefer what type of motor?, answer: electrostatic motor
An endpoint of a pipe is addressable with a tuple (device_address, endpoint_number) as specified in a TOKEN packet that the host sends when it wants to start a data transfer session. If the direction of the data transfer is from the host to the endpoint, an OUT packet (a specialization of a TOKEN packet) having the desired device address and endpoint number is sent by the host. If the direction of the data transfer is from the device to the host, the host sends an IN packet instead. If the destination endpoint is a uni-directional endpoint whose manufacturer's designated direction does not match the TOKEN packet (e.g. the manufacturer's designated direction is IN while the TOKEN packet is an OUT packet), the TOKEN packet is ignored. Otherwise, it is accepted and the data transaction can start. A bi-directional endpoint, on the other hand, accepts both IN and OUT packets.

question: If the direction of the data transfer is from the device to the host, what does the host send?, answer: the host sends an IN packet | question: What does a bi-directional endpoint accept?, answer: both IN and OUT packets | question: What is sent if the direction of the data transfer is from host to endpoint?, answer: an OUT packet
An error sometimes made is the confusion of discussion regarding Greece’s Eurozone entry with the controversy regarding usage of derivatives’ deals with U.S. Banks by Greece and other Eurozone countries to artificially reduce their reported budget deficits. A currency swap arranged with Goldman Sachs allowed Greece to "hide" 2.8 billion Euros of debt, however, this affected deficit values after 2001 (when Greece had already been admitted into the Eurozone) and is not related to Greece’s Eurozone entry.

question: What error is sometimes made by tying Greece's Eurozone entry with?, answer: controversy regarding usage of derivatives’ deals | question: What banks did Greece use derivatives' deals with?, answer: U.S. Banks | question: What was the result of the deals with the U.S. banks?, answer: artificially reduce their reported budget deficits | question: How many Euros was Greece able to "hide" because of an arrangement with Goldman Sachs?, answer: 2.8 billion | question: Why aren't the deficit values affected by the currency swap with Goldman Sachs relevant to Greece's Eurozone entry?, answer: affected deficit values after 2001
An estimated 20,000 Somalis emigrated to the U.S. state of Minnesota some ten years ago and the Twin Cities (Minneapolis and Saint Paul) now have the highest population of Somalis in North America. The city of Minneapolis hosts hundreds of Somali-owned and operated businesses offering a variety of products, including leather shoes, jewelry and other fashion items, halal meat, and hawala or money transfer services. Community-based video rental stores likewise carry the latest Somali films and music. The number of Somalis has especially surged in the Cedar-Riverside area of Minneapolis.

question: Along with Saint Paul, what city constitutes the Twin Cities?, answer: Minneapolis | question: About how many Somalis moved to Minnesota ten years ago?, answer: 20,000 | question: What area of Minneapolis contains a notable number of Somalis?, answer: Cedar-Riverside | question: What is hawala?, answer: money transfer services | question: What sort of meat is sold in Somali businesses in Minneapolis?, answer: halal
An example of a state initiative to promote nutrition literacy is Smart Bodies, a public-private partnership between the state’s largest university system and largest health insurer, Louisiana State Agricultural Center and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundation. Launched in 2005, this program promotes lifelong healthful eating patterns and physically active lifestyles for children and their families. It is an interactive educational program designed to help prevent childhood obesity through classroom activities that teach children healthful eating habits and physical exercise.

question: What is the goal of Smart Bodies?, answer: to promote nutrition literacy | question: Smart Bodies is an example of an initiative that was started by what level of government?, answer: state | question: The Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundation joined together with which University to help develop Smart Bodies?, answer: Louisiana State Agricultural Center | question: When was the Smart Bodies initiative first released?, answer: 2005 | question: What does the initiative specifically target?, answer: childhood obesity
An example of this theory in action would be as follows: An emotion-evoking stimulus (snake) triggers a pattern of physiological response (increased heart rate, faster breathing, etc.), which is interpreted as a particular emotion (fear). This theory is supported by experiments in which by manipulating the bodily state induces a desired emotional state. Some people may believe that emotions give rise to emotion-specific actions: e.g. "I'm crying because I'm sad," or "I ran away because I was scared." The issue with the James–Lange theory is that of causation (bodily states causing emotions and being a priori), not that of the bodily influences on emotional experience (which can be argued and is still quite prevalent today in biofeedback studies and embodiment theory).

question: In this theory, what action evokes an emotion?, answer: stimulus | question: What sort of response does the stimulus cause?, answer: physiological | question: How is the stimulus interpreted by the mind?, answer: as a particular emotion | question: In the James-Lange theory, what causes emotions?, answer: bodily states
An exception is the United States, where patents filed prior to 8 June 1995 expire 17 years after the publication date of the patent, but application extensions make it possible for a patent to issue much later than normally expected (see submarine patents). The various MP3-related patents expire on dates ranging from 2007 to 2017 in the U.S. Patents filed for anything disclosed in ISO CD 11172 a year or more after its publication are questionable. If only the known MP3 patents filed by December 1992 are considered, then MP3 decoding has been patent-free in the US since 22 September 2015 when U.S. Patent 5,812,672 expired which had a PCT filing in October 1992. If the longest-running patent mentioned in the aforementioned references is taken as a measure, then the MP3 technology will be patent-free in the United States on 30 December 2017 when U.S. Patent 5,703,999, held by the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and administered by Technicolor, expires.

question: How long does it take for patents to expire in the United States?, answer: 17 years after the publication date | question: A patent issue much later than normally expected can be referred to as what?, answer: submarine patents | question: What year is the latest that MP3 related patents will expire on in the United States?, answer: 2017 | question: Who holds the longest running MP3 patent in the United States?, answer: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft | question: Who administered the longest running MP3 patent in the United States?, answer: Technicolor
An exception to the usual European qualification system happened in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place in the Premier League that season. UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England five qualifiers. UEFA subsequently ruled that the defending champions qualify for the competition the following year regardless of their domestic league placing. However, for those leagues with four entrants in the Champions League, this meant that if the Champions League winner finished outside the top four in its domestic league, it would qualify at the expense of the fourth-placed team in the league. No association can have more than four entrants in the Champions League. This occurred in 2012, when Chelsea – who had won the Champions League the previous year, but finished sixth in the league – qualified for the Champions League in place of Tottenham Hotspur, who went into the Europa League.

question: Which team did not qualifty for Champions League in 2005 but was able to particpate?, answer: UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League | question: Did the Liverpool Club place in the Champions League in 2005?, answer: in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place | question: How many qualifiers did England have for the Champions League in 2005?, answer: UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England five qualifiers. | question: Do defending champtions get to play in the following year's Champions League if they don't have enough wins to qualify, answer: UEFA subsequently ruled that the defending champions qualify for the competition the following year regardless of their domestic league placing. | question: How many winning teams from an association can participate in the Champions League?, answer: No association can have more than four entrants in the Champions League | question: Which team received special dispensation from the UEFA in 2005 so they could enter the Champions League?, answer: Liverpool | question: Who did UEFA rule should automatically qualify for the Champions League?, answer: the defending champions | question: At which team's expense does the previous champion's automatic entry into the Champions League without placing in the top four come?, answer: the fourth-placed team | question: In 2012, which team was automatically qualified for the champion's league even though they did not place in the top four?, answer: Chelsea | question: Which team was denied entry into the Champions League in 2012 due to being bumped out of the running by the defending champion?, answer: Tottenham Hotspur
An exceptionally well preserved, carpet-like mosaic floor was uncovered in 1949 in Bethany, the early Byzantine church of the Lazarium which was built between 333 and 390. Because of its purely geometrical pattern, the church floor is to be grouped with other mosaics of the time in Palestine and neighboring areas, especially the Constantinian mosaics in the central nave at Bethlehem. A second church was built above the older one during the 6th century with another more simple geometric mosaic floor.

question: Where would the Byzantine church of the Lazarium be located today?, answer: Bethany | question: When was the Byzantine church of the Lazarium constructed?, answer: between 333 and 390 | question: The mosaic at the Byzantine church of the Lazarium most closely resembles mosaics from which area?, answer: Palestine | question: A church was built on top of the Byzantine church of the Lazarium in waht century?, answer: the 6th
An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team.

question: What is 'a friendly' another term for?, answer: exhibition game | question: What is 'a scrimmage' another term for?, answer: exhibition game | question: What is 'a demonstration' another term for?, answer: exhibition game | question: What is 'a preseason game' another term for?, answer: exhibition game | question: What is 'a warmup match' another term for?, answer: exhibition game
An exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.

question: What type of exhibition game showcases the best players?, answer: all-star games | question: What are exhibition games in the Olympics?, answer: a demonstration sport | question: What can an exhibition game raise money for?, answer: charities | question: What can an exhibition game settle?, answer: a challenge
An illustrative example of official involvement in organized crime can be found from 1920s and 1930s Shanghai, where Huang Jinrong was a police chief in the French concession, while simultaneously being a gang boss and co-operating with Du Yuesheng, the local gang ringleader. The relationship kept the flow of profits from the gang's gambling dens, prostitution, and protection rackets undisturbed.[citation needed]

question: When was Jinrong a police chief in this area?, answer: 1920s and 1930s | question: Who was a local gang ringleader in the same area?, answer: Du Yuesheng | question: In addition to being a police chief, Jinrong was also what?, answer: a gang boss
An important civic sculpture in Detroit is "The Spirit of Detroit" by Marshall Fredericks at the Coleman Young Municipal Center. The image is often used as a symbol of Detroit and the statue itself is occasionally dressed in sports jerseys to celebrate when a Detroit team is doing well. A memorial to Joe Louis at the intersection of Jefferson and Woodward Avenues was dedicated on October 16, 1986. The sculpture, commissioned by Sports Illustrated and executed by Robert Graham, is a 24-foot (7.3 m) long arm with a fisted hand suspended by a pyramidal framework.

question: Who sculpted the Spirit of Detroit?, answer: Marshall Fredericks | question: When was the Joe Louis memorial dedicated?, answer: October 16, 1986 | question: Who commissioned the Joe Luis memorial?, answer: Sports Illustrated | question: Who sculpted the Joe Louis memorial?, answer: Robert Graham | question: How long is the Joe Louis memorial?, answer: 24-foot
An important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are important in the lives of Tuvaluans. The stories as to the ancestors of the Tuvaluans vary from island to island. On Niutao, Funafuti and Vaitupu the founding ancestor is described as being from Samoa; whereas on Nanumea the founding ancestor is described as being from Tonga.

question: What is the creation myth of Tuvalu?, answer: te Pusi mo te Ali | question: What does the flounder of the Tuvalu myth represent?, answer: flat atolls | question: What does the eel of the Tuvalu creation myth represent?, answer: coconut palms | question: From what land did the people of Niutao believe they came?, answer: Samoa | question: From where did the people of the island of Nanumea think they came?, answer: Tonga