lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The "soft" AC format has reinvented in the late 2000s/early 2010s as a result of its declining relevance, adopting a more upmarket, middle-of-the-road approach, with a selection of "oldies" (usually from the 1960s/70s onwards), primarily rock, jazz, R&B and pop music. Newer songs are more often (but not limited to) "easy listening" fare, this amount varying depending on the age of the station's target demographic.

question: Generally speaking, what is the earliest decade represented by the "oldies" on soft AC stations?, answer: 1960s | question: Along with R&B, pop and rock, what genre of music is represented on modern soft AC stations?, answer: jazz | question: What genre of music do new songs on soft AC stations often belong to?, answer: "easy listening" | question: During what period did soft AC stations attempt to reinvent themselves?, answer: the late 2000s/early 2010s
The "standard complement" of double winds and brass in the orchestra from the first half of the 19th century is generally attributed to Beethoven. The exceptions to this are his Symphony No. 4, Violin Concerto, and Piano Concerto No. 4, which each specify a single flute. The composer's instrumentation usually included paired flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons, horns and trumpets. Beethoven carefully calculated the expansion of this particular timbral "palette" in Symphonies 3, 5, 6, and 9 for an innovative effect. The third horn in the "Eroica" Symphony arrives to provide not only some harmonic flexibility, but also the effect of "choral" brass in the Trio. Piccolo, contrabassoon, and trombones add to the triumphal finale of his Symphony No. 5. A piccolo and a pair of trombones help deliver "storm" and "sunshine" in the Sixth. The Ninth asks for a second pair of horns, for reasons similar to the "Eroica" (four horns has since become standard); Beethoven's use of piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion—plus chorus and vocal soloists—in his finale, are his earliest suggestion that the timbral boundaries of symphony should be expanded. For several decades after he died, symphonic instrumentation was faithful to Beethoven's well-established model, with few exceptions.

question: To whom is the "standard complement" attributed to?, answer: Beethoven | question: PIccolo, contrabassoon, and trombones add to the triumphal finales of what piece by Beethoven?, answer: Symphony No. 5 | question: How long was symphonic instrumentation faithful to Beethoven's after he died?, answer: several decades | question: What did Beethoven expand in his Symphonies, 3, 5, 6 and 9?, answer: timbral "palette" | question: A Piccolo and trombones provides the illusion of storm and what in Beethoven's Sixth Symphony?, answer: sunshine
The "yo yo" in the opinion polls continued into 1992, though after November 1990 any Labour lead in the polls was rarely sufficient for a majority. Major resisted Kinnock's calls for a general election throughout 1991. Kinnock campaigned on the theme "It's Time for a Change", urging voters to elect a new government after more than a decade of unbroken Conservative rule. However, the Conservatives themselves had undergone a dramatic change in the change of leader from Thatcher to Major, at least in terms of style if not substance. From the outset, it was clearly a well-received change, as Labour's 14-point lead in the November 1990 "Poll of Polls" was replaced by an 8% Tory lead a month later.

question: What year did Kinnock call for a general election?, answer: 1991 | question: What was Kinnocks party theme?, answer: "It's Time for a Change" | question: What was the original Tory lead percentage?, answer: 14 | question: What did the percentage fall to?, answer: 8%
The '98 season would begin on a somber note with the death of legendary broadcaster Harry Caray. After the retirement of Sandberg and the trade of Dunston, the Cubs had holes to fill and the signing of Henry Rodríguez, known affectionately as "H-Rod" to bat cleanup provided protection for Sammy Sosa in the lineup, as Rodriguez slugged 31 round-trippers in his first season in Chicago. Kevin Tapani led the club with a career high 19 wins, Rod Beck anchored a strong bullpen and Mark Grace turned in one of his best seasons. The Cubs were swamped by media attention in 1998, and the team's two biggest headliners were Sosa and rookie flamethrower Kerry Wood. Wood's signature performance was one-hitting the Houston Astros, a game in which he tied the major league record of 20 strikeouts in nine innings. His torrid strikeout numbers earned Wood the nickname "Kid K," and ultimately earned him the 1998 NL Rookie of the Year award. Sosa caught fire in June, hitting a major league record 20 home runs in the month, and his home run race with Cardinals slugger Mark McGwire transformed the pair into international superstars in a matter of weeks. McGwire finished the season with a new major league record of 70 home runs, but Sosa's .308 average and 66 homers earned him the National League MVP Award. After a down-to-the-wire Wild Card chase with the San Francisco Giants, Chicago and San Francisco ended the regular season tied, and thus squared off in a one-game playoff at Wrigley Field in which third baseman Gary Gaetti hit the eventual game winning homer. The win propelled the Cubs into the postseason once again with a 90–73 regular season tally. Unfortunately, the bats went cold in October, as manager Jim Riggleman's club batted .183 and scored only four runs en route to being swept by Atlanta. On a positive note, the home run chase between Sosa, McGwire and Ken Griffey, Jr. helped professional baseball to bring in a new crop of fans as well as bringing back some fans who had been disillusioned by the 1994 strike. The Cubs retained many players who experienced career years in '98, and after a fast start in 1999, they collapsed again (starting with being swept at the hands of the cross-town White Sox in mid-June) and finished in the bottom of the division for the next two seasons.

question: What legendary broadcaster died in the '98 season?, answer: Harry Caray | question: Who was affectionately known as "H-Rod"?, answer: Henry Rodríguez | question: How many round-trippers did Rodriguez slug in his first season in Chicago?, answer: 31
The 'OtherOS' functionality was not present in the updated PS Slim models, and the feature was subsequently removed from previous versions of the PS3 as part of the machine's firmware update version 3.21 which was released on April 1, 2010; Sony cited security concerns as the rationale. The firmware update 3.21 was mandatory for access to the PlayStation Network. The removal caused some controversy; as the update removed officially advertised features from already sold products, and gave rise to several class action lawsuits aimed at making Sony return the feature or provide compensation.

question: What functionality did the PlayStation 3 lose in version 3.21 of its firmware update?, answer: 'OtherOS' | question: What reason did Sony give for taking out OtherOS?, answer: security concerns | question: Was firmware update 3.21 optional or mandatory if users wanted to continue accessing the PS Network?, answer: mandatory | question: Which PS3 model never included OtherOS?, answer: PS Slim | question: What legal action did some disgruntled OtherOS users take against Sony?, answer: class action lawsuits
The 100th meridian roughly corresponds with the line that divides the Great Plains into an area that receive 20 inches (510 millimetres) or more of rainfall per year and an area that receives less than 20 in (510 mm). In this context, the High Plains, as well as Southern Alberta, south-western Saskatchewan and Eastern Montana are mainly semi hot steppe land and are generally characterised by rangeland or marginal farmland. The region (especially the High Plains) is periodically subjected to extended periods of drought; high winds in the region may then generate devastating dust storms. The eastern Great Plains near the eastern boundary falls in the humid subtropical climate zone in the southern areas, and the northern and central areas fall in the humid continental climate.

question: what is the name of the line that divides the great plains?, answer: The 100th meridian | question: about how much rainfall does the great plains get per year?, answer: 20 inches | question: what do high winds in the area sometimes cause?, answer: dust storms | question: what type of climate does the eastern great plains fall into?, answer: humid subtropical climate
The 10th century saw a mass migration of Turkic tribes from Central Asia into the Iranian plateau. Turkic tribesmen were first used in the Abbasid army as mamluks (slave-warriors), replacing Iranian and Arab elements within the army. As a result, the mamluks gained a significant political power. In 999, large portions of Iran came briefly under the rule of the Ghaznavids, whose rulers were of mamluk Turk origin, and longer subsequently under the Turkish Seljuk and Khwarezmian empires. These Turks had been Persianized and had adopted Persian models of administration and rulership. The Seljuks subsequently gave rise to the Sultanate of Rum in Anatolia, while taking their thoroughly Persianized identity with them. The result of the adoption and patronage of Persian culture by Turkish rulers was the development of a distinct Turko-Persian tradition.

question: What tribes migranted en masse to the Iranian plateau in the 10th Century?, answer: Turkic tribes | question: Where did these Turkic tribes come from before the migrated into Iran in the 10th Century?, answer: Central Asia | question: The Abbasid army replaced Iranian and Arabic men with Turkic tribesmen as what element in their army?, answer: mamluks (slave-warriors) | question: In what year did the Ghaznavids briefly control large portions of Iran?, answer: 999 | question: How were the Ghaznavids different from the original Turkics that migrated into Iran?, answer: These Turks had been Persianized and had adopted Persian models of administration and rulership
The 132nd Street Community Garden is located on 132nd Street between Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard and Malcolm X Boulevard. In 1997, the lot received a garden makeover; the Borough President's office funded the installation of a $100,000 water distribution system that keeps the wide variety of trees green. The garden also holds a goldfish pond and several benches. The spirit of the neighborhood lives in gardens like this one, planted and tended by local residents.

question: Who takes care of the 132nd Street Community Garden?, answer: local residents | question: The 132nd Street Community Garden is located between Malcom X Boulevard and what other Boulevard?, answer: Adam Clayton Powell Jr. | question: In which year did the garden receive a makover with a water distribution system?, answer: 1997 | question: Who funded the 132nd Street Community Garden's water distribution system?, answer: Borough President's office | question: How much did the 132nd Street Community Garden's water distribution system cost?, answer: $100,000
The 1469 marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon and the 1479 death of John II of Aragon led to the creation of modern-day Spain. In 1492, Granada was captured from the Moors, thereby completing the Reconquista. Portugal had during the 15th century – particularly under Henry the Navigator – gradually explored the coast of Africa, and in 1498, Vasco da Gama found the sea route to India. The Spanish monarchs met the Portuguese challenge by financing the expedition of Christopher Columbus to find a western sea route to India, leading to the discovery of the Americas in 1492.

question: In what year were Isabel I and Ferdinand II married?, answer: 1469 | question: When was modern-day Spain created?, answer: 1492 | question: The capture of which city finalized the Reconquista?, answer: Granada | question: Which explorer discovered a sea-route to India?, answer: Vasco da Gama | question: In what year did Christopher Columbus discover the Americas?, answer: 1492
The 150th anniversary of Bell's birth in 1997 was marked by a special issue of commemorative £1 banknotes from the Royal Bank of Scotland. The illustrations on the reverse of the note include Bell's face in profile, his signature, and objects from Bell's life and career: users of the telephone over the ages; an audio wave signal; a diagram of a telephone receiver; geometric shapes from engineering structures; representations of sign language and the phonetic alphabet; the geese which helped him to understand flight; and the sheep which he studied to understand genetics. Additionally, the Government of Canada honored Bell in 1997 with a C$100 gold coin, in tribute also to the 150th anniversary of his birth, and with a silver dollar coin in 2009 in honor of the 100th anniversary of flight in Canada. That first flight was made by an airplane designed under Dr. Bell's tutelage, named the Silver Dart. Bell's image, and also those of his many inventions have graced paper money, coinage and postal stamps in numerous countries worldwide for many dozens of years.

question: What bird is depicted on the Scottish banknote?, answer: geese | question: What do the sheep on the Scottish banknote represent?, answer: genetics | question: What form of currency did Canada issue to celebrate Bell in 1997?, answer: C$100 gold coin | question: In what year did Canada put out a coin to commemorate the Silver Dart?, answer: 2009
The 15th century was a time of Islamic economic expansion, known as the Valencian Golden Age, in which culture and the arts flourished. Concurrent population growth made Valencia the most populous city in the Crown of Aragon. Local industry, led by textile production, reached a great development, and a financial institution, the Canvi de Taula, was created to support municipal banking operations; Valencian bankers lent funds to Queen Isabella I of Castile for Columbus's voyage in 1492. At the end of the century the Silk Exchange (Llotja de la Seda) building was erected as the city became a commercial emporium that attracted merchants from all over Europe.

question: When was the Valencian Golden Age?, answer: 15th century | question: Of what area was Valencia the largest city?, answer: Crown of Aragon | question: What building attracted merchants from other countries to Valencia?, answer: Silk Exchange | question: Who borrowed money from Valencian bankers in 1492?, answer: Queen Isabella I of Castile | question: What was Valencia's leading industry?, answer: textile production
The 16th and 17th centuries are regarded as something of a "dark age" in Greek history, with the prospect of overthrowing Ottoman rule appearing remote with only the Ionian islands remaining free of Turkish domination. Corfu withstood three major sieges in 1537, 1571 and 1716 all of which resulted in the repulsion of the Ottomans. However, in the 18th century, there arose through shipping a wealthy and dispersed Greek merchant class. These merchants came to dominate trade within the Ottoman Empire, establishing communities throughout the Mediterranean, the Balkans, and Western Europe. Though the Ottoman conquest had cut Greece off from significant European intellectual movements such as the Reformation and the Enlightenment, these ideas together with the ideals of the French Revolution and romantic nationalism began to penetrate the Greek world via the mercantile diaspora.[page needed] In the late 18th century, Rigas Feraios, the first revolutionary to envision an independent Greek state, published a series of documents relating to Greek independence, including but not limited to a national anthem and the first detailed map of Greece, in Vienna, and was murdered by Ottoman agents in 1798.[page needed]

question: Greece's Dark Ages is thought of as what time periods?, answer: 16th and 17th centuries | question: Greek merchants ruled the trade industry in which century?, answer: 18th | question: Who published Greek documents that espoused Greek independence?, answer: Rigas Feraios | question: Rigas Feraios was killed by Ottoman assassins in what year?, answer: 1798
The 1775 treatise "The Natural Varieties of Mankind", by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach proposed five major divisions: the Caucasoid race, Mongoloid race, Ethiopian race (later termed Negroid, and not to be confused with the narrower Ethiopid race), American Indian race, and Malayan race, but he did not propose any hierarchy among the races. Blumenbach also noted the graded transition in appearances from one group to adjacent groups and suggested that "one variety of mankind does so sensibly pass into the other, that you cannot mark out the limits between them".

question: What year was Blumenbach's treatise published?, answer: 1775 | question: How many divisions did Blumenbach's treatise specify?, answer: five | question: What type of transition was noted from one group to the next?, answer: graded | question: What can one not mark between the variety of mankind?, answer: limits | question: What race was later renamed to Negroid?, answer: Ethiopian
The 1829 Metropolitan Police Act created a modern police force by limiting the purview of the force and its powers, and envisioning it as merely an organ of the judicial system. Their job was apolitical; to maintain the peace and apprehend criminals for the courts to process according to the law. This was very different to the 'Continental model' of the police force that had been developed in France, where the police force worked within the parameters of the absolutist state as an extension of the authority of the monarch and functioned as part of the governing state.

question: When was the Metropolitan Police Act passed?, answer: 1829 | question: What did the Metropolitan Police Act say police were a subset of?, answer: the judicial system | question: Where was the 'Continental model' of police from?, answer: France | question: What part of the government did French police work under?, answer: the authority of the monarch
The 1850 census saw a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. There were two questionnaires: one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on the free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person was white, marked "B" if a person was black, and marked "M" if a person was mulatto. Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave was black and an "M" if mulatto.

question: In what year were free persons first listed individually in the US census?, answer: 1850 | question: How were free persons listed in the US census prior to 1850?, answer: by head of household | question: In the 1850 US census, what was put into the color column for black persons?, answer: B | question: If M was marked in the color column for a person in the 1850 census, How were they classified?, answer: mulatto | question: How were slaves listed in the 1850 US census?, answer: by owner
The 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin. Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and became very popular after the government created a market for "cuckoo grain" or "cuckoo malt" that was unfit to be used in brewing and distilling by allowing unlicensed gin and beer production, while imposing a heavy duty on all imported spirits. As thousands of gin-shops sprang up all over England, brewers fought back by increasing the number of alehouses. By 1740 the production of gin had increased to six times that of beer and because of its cheapness it became popular with the poor, leading to the so-called Gin Craze. Over half of the 15,000 drinking establishments in London were gin shops.

question: After what political upheaval was gin introduced to England?, answer: the Glorious Revolution | question: What people introduced gin to England?, answer: the Dutch | question: In what year did the Glorious Revolution occur?, answer: 1688 | question: How much more gin than beer was made in England in 1740?, answer: six times | question: In 1740, what fraction of London drinking establishments were gin shops?, answer: half
The 1903 advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft was closely followed in 1910 by the first experimental take-off of an airplane, made from the deck of a United States Navy vessel (cruiser USS Birmingham), and the first experimental landings were conducted in 1911. On 9 May 1912 the first airplane take-off from a ship underway was made from the deck of the British Royal Navy's HMS Hibernia. Seaplane tender support ships came next, with the French Foudre of 1911. In September 1914 the Imperial Japanese Navy Wakamiya conducted the world's first successful ship-launched air raid: on 6 September 1914 a Farman aircraft launched by Wakamiya attacked the Austro-Hungarian cruiser SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth and the German gunboat Jaguar in Kiaochow Bay off Tsingtao; neither was hit. The first carrier-launched airstrike was the Tondern Raid in July 1918. Seven Sopwith Camels launched from the converted battlecruiser HMS Furious damaged the German airbase at Tønder and destroyed two zeppelins.

question: In what year was the advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft?, answer: 1903 | question: In what year was the first experimental take-off of an airplane?, answer: 1910 | question: In what year were the first experimental landings of an airplane?, answer: 1911 | question: What was the first carrier-launched airstrike?, answer: the Tondern Raid in July 1918 | question: What did the Imperial Japanese Navy Wakamiya conduct in September 1914?, answer: the world's first successful ship-launched air raid
The 1910 election saw 42 Labour MPs elected to the House of Commons, a significant victory since, a year before the election, the House of Lords had passed the Osborne judgment ruling that Trades Unions in the United Kingdom could no longer donate money to fund the election campaigns and wages of Labour MPs. The governing Liberals were unwilling to repeal this judicial decision with primary legislation. The height of Liberal compromise was to introduce a wage for Members of Parliament to remove the need to involve the Trade Unions. By 1913, faced with the opposition of the largest Trades Unions, the Liberal government passed the Trade Disputes Act to allow Trade Unions to fund Labour MPs once more.

question: How many MP were elected in the 1910 election?, answer: 42 | question: Who passed the Osborne judgment?, answer: Trade Disputes Act | question: When was the Trade Disputes Act passed?, answer: 1913
The 1920s, with tourism at its peak, are considered by many historians as Atlantic City's golden age. During Prohibition, which was enacted nationally in 1919 and lasted until 1933, much liquor was consumed and gambling regularly took place in the back rooms of nightclubs and restaurants. It was during Prohibition that racketeer and political boss Enoch L. "Nucky" Johnson rose to power. Prohibition was largely unenforced in Atlantic City, and, because alcohol that had been smuggled into the city with the acquiescence of local officials could be readily obtained at restaurants and other establishments, the resort's popularity grew further. The city then dubbed itself as "The World's Playground". Nucky Johnson's income, which reached as much as $500,000 annually, came from the kickbacks he took on illegal liquor, gambling and prostitution operating in the city, as well as from kickbacks on construction projects.

question: What years do many historians consider Atlantic City's golden age?, answer: 1920s | question: What year was Prohibition enacted nationally?, answer: 1919 | question: During Prohibition what name was given to Atlantic City?, answer: The World's Playground | question: During Prohibition how high was Nucky Johnson's income?, answer: as much as $500,000 annually | question: How long did Prohibition last?, answer: until 1933