lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however, analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the government halted reforms and started an anti-separatist campaign. Human rights organisations have been critical of the Beijing and Lhasa governments' approach to human rights in the region when cracking down on separatist convulsions that have occurred around monasteries and cities, most recently in the 2008 Tibetan unrest.

question: When did Hu Yaobang visit Tibet?, answer: 1980 | question: When did monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries start protesting for independence?, answer: 1989 | question: What did the government do when it halted reforms?, answer: started an anti-separatist campaign | question: When was the most recent Tibetan unrest?, answer: 2008 | question: For what have the Beijing and Lhasa goverments been criticized?, answer: human rights
In 1980, Rhodesia, Britain's last African colony, became the independent nation of Zimbabwe. The New Hebrides achieved independence (as Vanuatu) in 1980, with Belize following suit in 1981. The passage of the British Nationality Act 1981, which reclassified the remaining Crown colonies as "British Dependent Territories" (renamed British Overseas Territories in 2002) meant that, aside from a scattering of islands and outposts the process of decolonisation that had begun after the Second World War was largely complete. In 1982, Britain's resolve in defending its remaining overseas territories was tested when Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands, acting on a long-standing claim that dated back to the Spanish Empire. Britain's ultimately successful military response to retake the islands during the ensuing Falklands War was viewed by many to have contributed to reversing the downward trend in Britain's status as a world power. The same year, the Canadian government severed its last legal link with Britain by patriating the Canadian constitution from Britain. The 1982 Canada Act passed by the British parliament ended the need for British involvement in changes to the Canadian constitution. Similarly, the Constitution Act 1986 reformed the constitution of New Zealand to sever its constitutional link with Britain, and the Australia Act 1986 severed the constitutional link between Britain and the Australian states. In 1984, Brunei, Britain's last remaining Asian protectorate, gained its independence.

question: When was Canada given full control of its constitution?, answer: 1982 | question: When did Rhodesia become Zimbabwe?, answer: 1980 | question: What were the remaining British territories called in 1981?, answer: British Dependent Territories | question: What were the remaining British territories called in 2002?, answer: British Overseas Territories | question: Which 1980s war victory helped Britain seem more like a world power again?, answer: Falklands War
In 1980, the Soviet Union, which then ruled his birthplace Bukhara, celebrated the thousandth anniversary of Avicenna's birth by circulating various commemorative stamps with artistic illustrations, and by erecting a bust of Avicenna based on anthropological research by Soviet scholars.[citation needed] Near his birthplace in Qishlak Afshona, some 25 km (16 mi) north of Bukhara, a training college for medical staff has been named for him.[year needed] On the grounds is a museum dedicated to his life, times and work.[citation needed]

question: What superpower in 1980 created a stamp in honor of Avicenna?, answer: the Soviet Union | question: What was Avicenna's birthplace?, answer: Bukhara | question: A medical staff training college named in his honor is how many miles away from his birthplace?, answer: 16 | question: In 1980, how many years had it been since Avicenna's birth?, answer: thousand | question: Besides stamps, what did the Soviet Union also create in Avicenna's honor?, answer: a bust
In 1980, when the stadium was in need of redesign to meet UEFA criteria, the club raised money by offering supporters the opportunity to inscribe their name on the bricks for a small fee. The idea was popular with supporters, and thousands of people paid the fee. Later this became the centre of controversy when media in Madrid picked up reports that one of the stones was inscribed with the name of long-time Real Madrid chairman and Franco supporter Santiago Bernabéu. In preparation for the 1992 Summer Olympics two tiers of seating were installed above the previous roofline. It has a current capacity of 99,354 making it the largest stadium in Europe.

question: Why did the stadium need to be redesigned in 1980?, answer: meet UEFA criteria | question: What were people allowed to do to bricks for a fee to support the stadium redesign?, answer: inscribe their name | question: How did supporters of the team view the inscriptions on bricks idea?, answer: popular | question: What name inscription was a center of controversy?, answer: Santiago Bernabéu | question: What is the capacity of the Barcelona stadium?, answer: 99,354
In 1981 a team of researchers from the Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, including Jacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche divided Near East neolithic chronology into ten periods (0 to 9) based on social, economic and cultural characteristics. In 2002 Danielle Stordeur and Frédéric Abbès advanced this system with a division into five periods. Natufian (1) between 12,000 and 10,200 BC, Khiamian (2) between 10,200-8,800 BC, PPNA: Sultanian (Jericho), Mureybetian, early PPNB (PPNB ancien) (3) between 8,800-7,600 BC, middle PPNB (PPNB moyen) 7,600-6,900 BC, late PPNB (PPNB récent) (4) between 7,500 and 7,000 BC and a PPNB (sometimes called PPNC) transitional stage (PPNB final) (5) where Halaf and dark faced burnished ware begin to emerge between 6,900-6,400 BC. They also advanced the idea of a transitional stage between the PPNA and PPNB between 8,800 and 8,600 BC at sites like Jerf el Ahmar and Tell Aswad.

question: What are the names of two researchers who divided neolithic chronology into ten periods?, answer: Jacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche | question: What traits did researchers use to divide the ten periods?, answer: social, economic and cultural characteristics | question: When was the original division of 10 advanced to a division of 5?, answer: 2002 | question: What are the names of two researchers who divided neolithic chronology into five periods?, answer: Danielle Stordeur and Frédéric Abbès
In 1981, The Times and The Sunday Times were bought from Thomson by Rupert Murdoch's News International. The acquisition followed three weeks of intensive bargaining with the unions by company negotiators, John Collier and Bill O'Neill.

question: What corporation bought The Times in 1981?, answer: News International | question: Who owned the major corporation that bought The Times in 1981?, answer: Rupert Murdoch | question: During the acquisition of The Times in 1981, John Collier and Bill O'Neill were part of what group that did three weeks of intensive bargaining?, answer: the unions
In 1981, after 6 decades under the Wrigley family, the Cubs were purchased by Tribune Company for $20,500,000. Tribune, owners of the Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times, WGN Television, WGN Radio and many other media outlets, controlled the club until December 2007, when Sam Zell completed his purchase of the entire Tribune organization and announced his intention to sell the baseball team. After a nearly two-year process which involved potential buyers such as Mark Cuban and a group led by Hank Aaron, a family trust of TD Ameritrade founder Joe Ricketts won the bidding process as the 2009 season came to a close. Ultimately, the sale was unanimously approved by MLB owners and the Ricketts family took control on October 27, 2009.

question: What company purchased the Cubs in 1981?, answer: Tribune Company | question: How much did Tribune Company purchase the Cubs for?, answer: $20,500,000 | question: How long were the Cubs ran under the Wrigley family?, answer: 6 decades
In 1981, large sections of the SEPTA Regional Rail service to the far suburbs of Philadelphia were discontinued due to lack of funding. Several projects have been proposed to extend rail service back to these areas, but lack of funding has again been the chief obstacle to implementation. These projects include the proposed Schuylkill Valley Metro to Wyomissing, PA, and extension of the Media/Elwyn line back to Wawa, PA. SEPTA's Airport Regional Rail Line Regional Rail offers direct service to the Philadelphia International Airport.

question: When did SEPTA service get cut?, answer: 1981 | question: Why did SEPTA rail service get cut?, answer: lack of funding | question: Has service ever been restored?, answer: but lack of funding has again been the chief obstacle to implementation | question: Name a proposed project to repalce it?, answer: Schuylkill Valley Metro to Wyomissing, PA, and extension of the Media/Elwyn line back to Wawa, PA. SEPTA's Airport Regional Rail Line Regional Rail
In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US.

question: When was the MUSE system demonstrated in the US first?, answer: 1981 | question: What aspect ratio did the MUSE system use when demonstrated in 1981?, answer: 5:3 | question: Which president declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US?, answer: President Ronald Reagan | question: Which system was demonstrated in the US for the first time in 1981?, answer: MUSE | question: Which system was demonstrated in Washington to President Ronald Reagan?, answer: MUSE
In 1981, the new US President Ronald Reagan pursued a hard line approach to Libya, erroneously considering it a puppet regime of the Soviet Union. In turn, Gaddafi played up his commercial relationship with the Soviets, visiting Moscow again in April 1981 and 1985, and threatening to join the Warsaw Pact. The Soviets were nevertheless cautious of Gaddafi, seeing him as an unpredictable extremist. Beginning military exercises in the Gulf of Sirte – an area of sea that Libya claimed as a part of its territorial waters – in August 1981 the U.S. shot down two Libyan Su-22 planes monitoring them. Closing down Libya's embassy in Washington, D.C., Reagan advised U.S. companies operating in the country to reduce the number of American personnel stationed there. In March 1982, the U.S. implemented an embargo of Libyan oil, and in January 1986 ordered all U.S. companies to cease operating in the country, although several hundred workers remained. Diplomatic relations also broke down with the U.K., after Libyan diplomats were accused in the shooting death of Yvonne Fletcher, a British policewoman stationed outside their London embassy, in April 1984. In Spring 1986, the U.S. Navy again began performing exercises in the Gulf of Sirte; the Libyan military retaliated, but failed as the U.S. sank several Libyan ships.

question: In what years did Gaddafi visit the Soviet Union?, answer: 1981 and 1985 | question: What did Reagan wrongly believe Libya to be?, answer: a puppet regime of the Soviet Union | question: As a result of American hostility, what military alliance did Libya say it would join?, answer: Warsaw Pact | question: What Libyan aircraft were shot down by the United States in 1981?, answer: Su-22 | question: What was the occupation of Yvonne Fletcher?, answer: policewoman
In 1982 and 1987, Harrison and Harrison enlarged the organ under the direction of the then abbey organist Simon Preston to include an additional Lower Choir Organ and a Bombarde Organ: the current instrument now has five manuals and 109 speaking stops. In 2006, the console of the organ was refurbished by Harrison and Harrison, and space was prepared for two additional 16 ft stops on the Lower Choir Organ and the Bombarde Organ. One part of the instrument, the Celestial Organ, is currently not connected or playable.

question: What part of the organ is not connected or playable?, answer: the Celestial Organ
In 1982, Regis McKenna was brought in to shape the marketing and launch of the Macintosh. Later the Regis McKenna team grew to include Jane Anderson, Katie Cadigan and Andy Cunningham, who eventually led the Apple account for the agency. Cunningham and Anderson were the primary authors of the Macintosh launch plan. The launch of the Macintosh pioneered many different tactics that are used today in launching technology products, including the "multiple exclusive," event marketing (credited to John Sculley, who brought the concept over from Pepsi), creating a mystique around a product and giving an inside look into a product's creation.

question: Who was brought in to shape the marketing of Macintosh in 1982?, answer: Regis McKenna | question: What role did Andy Cunningham and Jane Anderson have in the Macintosh launch plan?, answer: primary authors | question: Who introduced the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept to Apple?, answer: John Sculley | question: Which company first used the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept?, answer: Pepsi | question: What did the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept create around a product?, answer: a mystique
In 1982, the US Mint began minting pennies coated in copper but made primarily of zinc. With the new zinc pennies, there is the potential for zinc toxicosis, which can be fatal. One reported case of chronic ingestion of 425 pennies (over 1 kg of zinc) resulted in death due to gastrointestinal bacterial and fungal sepsis, whereas another patient, who ingested 12 grams of zinc, only showed lethargy and ataxia (gross lack of coordination of muscle movements). Several other cases have been reported of humans suffering zinc intoxication by the ingestion of zinc coins.

question: What coin, as of 1982, is now primarily made of zinc?, answer: pennies | question: What is a concern with the new zinc pennies?, answer: zinc toxicosis | question: Ingesting zinc can cause lack of muscle movement and coordination called what?, answer: ataxia | question: Why have people reported zinc intoxication?, answer: ingestion of zinc coins
In 1982, the band released the album Hot Space, a departure from their trademark seventies sound, this time being a mixture of rock, pop rock, dance, funk, and R&B. Most of the album was recorded in Munich during the most turbulent period in the band's history, and Taylor and May lamented the new sound, with both being very critical of the influence Mercury's personal manager Paul Prenter had on the singer. May was also scathing of Prenter, who was Mercury's manager from the early 1980s to 1984, for being dismissive of the importance of radio stations, such as the US networks, and their vital connection between the artist and the community, and for denying them access to Mercury. The band stopped touring North America after their Hot Space Tour, as their success there had waned, although they would perform on American television for the only time during the eighth season premiere of Saturday Night Live. Queen left Elektra Records, their label in the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, and signed onto EMI/Capitol Records.

question: What album did Queen release in 1982?, answer: Hot Space | question: Where did Queen record their 1982 album?, answer: Munich | question: What was the name of Freddie Mercury's personal manager?, answer: Paul Prenter | question: Queen left what label before signing with EMI?, answer: Elektra Records | question: On which season of Saturday Night Live did Queen perform?, answer: the eighth season
In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in August 1982 along with Italian and French forces. On October 23, 1983, a suicide bomber driving a truck filled with 6 tons of TNT crashed through a fence and destroyed the Marine barracks, killing 241 Marines; seconds later, a second bomber leveled a French barracks, killing 58. Subsequently the US Navy engaged in bombing of militia positions inside Lebanon. While US President Ronald Reagan was initially defiant, political pressure at home eventually forced the withdrawal of the Marines in February 1984.

question: When did fighting between Palestinians and the Lebanese begin?, answer: 1983 | question: When did US marines land in Lebanon?, answer: 1982 | question: When did a suicide bomber successfully attack the marine barracks in Lebanon?, answer: October 23, 1983 | question: How many marines were killed in the attack?, answer: 241 | question: When did President Reagan withdraw marines from Lebanon?, answer: February 1984
In 1983 the historic old town in the centre of Bern became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Bern is ranked among the world’s top ten cities for the best quality of life (2010).

question: In what year did the historic old town in the center of Bern become a UNESCO World Heritage Site?, answer: 1983 | question: What is Bern's ranking for the best quality of life?, answer: the world’s top ten | question: Where is the UNESCO World Heritage Site located?, answer: the centre of Bern | question: In what year was Bern ranked as one of the 10 best cities for their quality of life?, answer: 2010 | question: Where is the UNESCO World Heritage Site?, answer: centre of Bern | question: Where does Bern rank for top cities for the best quality of life?, answer: top ten | question: When did the centre of Bern become the UNESCO World Heritage Site?, answer: 1983
In 1983, New York State Attorney General Robert Abrams filed suit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York to compel GE to pay for the cleanup of what was claimed to be more than 100,000 tons of chemicals dumped from their plant in Waterford, New York. In 1999, the company agreed to pay a $250 million settlement in connection with claims it polluted the Housatonic River (Pittsfield, Massachusetts) and other sites with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other hazardous substances.

question: Which New York State Attorney General filed suit in US District Court to force GE to pay for the cleanup of chemicals dumped by their plant in Waterford, NY?, answer: Robert Abrams | question: How much did GE agree to pay in claims for the pollution it caused in the Housatonic River and other sites?, answer: $250 million | question: How many tons of PCBs were claimed to have been dumped by GE's Waterford Plant in the 1983 lawsuit?, answer: more than 100,000 | question: In which year was a settlement reached regarding GE's pollution of the Housatonic River?, answer: 1999 | question: What was the location of the pollution caused by GE in the Housatonic River?, answer: Pittsfield, Massachusetts
In 1983, the Antarctic Treaty Parties began negotiations on a convention to regulate mining in Antarctica. A coalition of international organizations launched a public pressure campaign to prevent any minerals development in the region, led largely by Greenpeace International, which established its own scientific station—World Park Base—in the Ross Sea region and conducted annual expeditions to document environmental effects of humans on Antarctica. In 1988, the Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resources (CRAMRA) was adopted. The following year, however, Australia and France announced that they would not ratify the convention, rendering it dead for all intents and purposes. They proposed instead that a comprehensive regime to protect the Antarctic environment be negotiated in its place. The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (the "Madrid Protocol") was negotiated as other countries followed suit and on 14 January 1998 it entered into force. The Madrid Protocol bans all mining in Antarctica, designating Antarctica a "natural reserve devoted to peace and science".

question: When did negotiations start to regulate mining in Antarctica?, answer: 1983 | question: When was the treaty to regulate mining agreed upon?, answer: 1988 | question: What group led the fight to prevent mineral development in Antarctica?, answer: Greenpeace International, | question: Which two countries refused to ratify the treaty to regulate mineral use in Antarctica?, answer: Australia and France | question: What was the alternate treaty offered by Australia and France?, answer: Madrid Protocol
In 1983, the Church issued a new code of canon law. Unlike its predecessor, the 1983 Code of Canon Law did not explicitly name Masonic orders among the secret societies it condemns. It states: "A person who joins an association which plots against the Church is to be punished with a just penalty; one who promotes or takes office in such an association is to be punished with an interdict." This named omission of Masonic orders caused both Catholics and Freemasons to believe that the ban on Catholics becoming Freemasons may have been lifted, especially after the perceived liberalisation of Vatican II. However, the matter was clarified when Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI), as the Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, issued a Declaration on Masonic Associations, which states: "... the Church's negative judgment in regard to Masonic association remains unchanged since their principles have always been considered irreconcilable with the doctrine of the Church and therefore membership in them remains forbidden. The faithful who enroll in Masonic associations are in a state of grave sin and may not receive Holy Communion." For its part, Freemasonry has never objected to Catholics joining their fraternity. Those Grand Lodges in amity with UGLE deny the Church's claims. The UGLE now states that "Freemasonry does not seek to replace a Mason's religion or provide a substitute for it."

question: In what year was a new code to the Canon Law issued by the church?, answer: 1983 | question: Who clarified the new code of Canon law of 1983?, answer: Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger | question: Do Freemasons allow Catholics into their fraternity?, answer: Freemasonry has never objected to Catholics joining their fraternity
In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz and 30/60 Hz, largely due to the differences in mains frequency. The IWP11/6 working party considered many views and throughout the 1980s served to encourage development in a number of video digital processing areas, not least conversion between the two main frame/field rates using motion vectors, which led to further developments in other areas. While a comprehensive HDTV standard was not in the end established, agreement on the aspect ratio was achieved.

question: When did ITU-R start trying to work towards setting a single international HDTV standard?, answer: 1983 | question: What did ITU-R start trying to do in 1983?, answer: setting a single international HDTV standard | question: What was one of the issues with setting a single HDTV standard?, answer: a suitable frame/field refresh rate | question: What was used as a conversion between the two main frame/field rates?, answer: motion vectors | question: How many frame/field rates were primarily being used in 1983?, answer: two