lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990.

question: How much of the USSR's electricity was produced in the RSFSR?, answer: two-thirds | question: What two countries produced more petroleum than Russia in 1961?, answer: the United States and Saudi Arabia | question: How many students were in institutions of higher education in Russia in 1974?, answer: 23,941,000 | question: How many institutions of higher education did Russia possess in 1974?, answer: 475 | question: In how many languages were students in institutions of higher education being educated in 1974?, answer: 47
The economy of Tibet is dominated by subsistence agriculture, though tourism has become a growing industry in recent decades. The dominant religion in Tibet is Tibetan Buddhism; in addition there is Bön, which is similar to Tibetan Buddhism, and there are also Tibetan Muslims and Christian minorities. Tibetan Buddhism is a primary influence on the art, music, and festivals of the region. Tibetan architecture reflects Chinese and Indian influences. Staple foods in Tibet are roasted barley, yak meat, and butter tea.

question: What is the economy of Tibet dominated by?, answer: subsistence agriculture | question: What has recently become a growing industry in Tibet?, answer: tourism | question: What is the dominant religion in Tibet?, answer: Tibetan Buddhism | question: What is a staple food in Tibet?, answer: yak meat | question: Which two cultures does Tibetan architecture reflect?, answer: Chinese and Indian
The economy relies heavily on investment and support from Armenians abroad. Before independence, Armenia's economy was largely industry-based – chemicals, electronics, machinery, processed food, synthetic rubber, and textile – and highly dependent on outside resources. The republic had developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics in exchange for raw materials and energy. Recently, the Intel Corporation agreed to open a research center in Armenia, in addition to other technology companies, signalling the growth of the technology industry in Armenia.

question: What group is opening a research center in Armenia?, answer: Intel Corporation | question: As opposed to an industry-based economy, what industry is Armenia moving to?, answer: technology industry | question: The Arnmenian economy depends primarily on what?, answer: investment and support from Armenians abroad | question: What did Armenias industry-based economy consist of?, answer: chemicals, electronics, machinery, processed food, synthetic rubber, and textile
The ecumenical movement has had an influence on mainline churches, beginning at least in 1910 with the Edinburgh Missionary Conference. Its origins lay in the recognition of the need for cooperation on the mission field in Africa, Asia and Oceania. Since 1948, the World Council of Churches has been influential, but ineffective in creating a united church. There are also ecumenical bodies at regional, national and local levels across the globe; but schisms still far outnumber unifications. One, but not the only expression of the ecumenical movement, has been the move to form united churches, such as the Church of South India, the Church of North India, the US-based United Church of Christ, the United Church of Canada, the Uniting Church in Australia and the United Church of Christ in the Philippines which have rapidly declining memberships. There has been a strong engagement of Orthodox churches in the ecumenical movement, though the reaction of individual Orthodox theologians has ranged from tentative approval of the aim of Christian unity to outright condemnation of the perceived effect of watering down Orthodox doctrine.

question: What group has been unsuccessful in creating a unified church since 1948?, answer: the World Council of Churches | question: What conference was held in 1910?, answer: the Edinburgh Missionary Conference | question: What churches have been strongly engaged in the ecumenical movement?, answer: Orthodox | question: What have Orthodox churches condemned the perception of?, answer: watering down Orthodox doctrine | question: What types of churches have had rapidly declining memberships?, answer: united churches
The editor, Larry Lamb, was originally from a Labour background, with a socialist upbringing while his temporary replacement Bernard Shrimsley (1972–75) was a middle-class uncommitted Conservative. An extensive advertising campaign on the ITV network in this period, voiced by actor Christopher Timothy, may have helped The Sun to overtake the Daily Mirror's circulation in 1978. Despite the industrial relations of the 1970s – the so-called "Spanish practices" of the print unions – The Sun was very profitable, enabling Murdoch to expand his operations to the United States from 1973.

question: Who temporarily replaced Larry Lamb?, answer: Bernard Shrimsley | question: What was Shrimsley's political background?, answer: middle-class uncommitted Conservative. | question: Who lent his voice to a campaign that aided The Sun in passing the Daily Mirror in 1978?, answer: Christopher Timothy | question: Where did Murdoch begin expanding?, answer: United States | question: When did Murdoch begin expanding into the U.S?, answer: 1973
The educational system of Myanmar is operated by the government agency, the Ministry of Education. The education system is based on the United Kingdom's system due to nearly a century of British and Christian presences in Myanmar. Nearly all schools are government-operated, but there has been a recent increase in privately funded English language schools. Schooling is compulsory until the end of elementary school, approximately about 9 years old, while the compulsory schooling age is 15 or 16 at international level.

question: Who runs the school system in Myanmar ?, answer: the Ministry of Education | question: What country is Burma to credit for its academic system ?, answer: United Kingdom's | question: Why is this country so influential to the Burma academics ?, answer: due to nearly a century of British and Christian presences in Myanmar. | question: Are there any alternatives to the public school system in Burma ?, answer: privately funded English language schoo | question: Are children required to go to school or can they choose to stay at home and work ?, answer: Schooling is compulsory until the end of elementary school
The effect of these differences was accentuated by the pre-war preparations. The Prussian General Staff had drawn up minutely detailed mobilization plans using the railway system, which in turn had been partly laid out in response to recommendations of a Railway Section within the General Staff. The French railway system, with multiple competing companies, had developed purely from commercial pressures and many journeys to the front in Alsace and Lorraine involved long diversions and frequent changes between trains. Furthermore, no system had been put in place for military control of the railways, and officers simply commandeered trains as they saw fit. Rail sidings and marshalling yards became choked with loaded wagons, with nobody responsible for unloading them or directing them to the destination.

question: The effect of German victory and ensuing influence stems back to what factor?, answer: pre-war preparations | question: What was the Prussian General staff quick to utilize at the onset of the war?, answer: detailed mobilization plans using the railway system | question: What was one factor behind the inefficiency of the French railway system?, answer: multiple competing companies | question: What factor especially affected travel to the front in Alsace and Lorraine?, answer: frequent changes between trains | question: Who was responsible for dealing with chaotic train yards and unloaded wagons?, answer: nobody
The effective area or effective aperture of a receiving antenna expresses the portion of the power of a passing electromagnetic wave which it delivers to its terminals, expressed in terms of an equivalent area. For instance, if a radio wave passing a given location has a flux of 1 pW / m2 (10−12 watts per square meter) and an antenna has an effective area of 12 m2, then the antenna would deliver 12 pW of RF power to the receiver (30 microvolts rms at 75 ohms). Since the receiving antenna is not equally sensitive to signals received from all directions, the effective area is a function of the direction to the source.

question: What is the portion of something that is reached by the radio transmission called?, answer: aperture | question: What effects the function of signals received by an antenna?, answer: direction | question: What is a measure of the power of an antenna?, answer: microvolts | question: How much power will be delivered to the reciever if the antenna has an effective area of 12 m/2?, answer: 12 pW of RF power
The effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by growing religious and intellectual conservatism. But in spite of these difficulties, the Empire remained a major expansionist power until the Battle of Vienna in 1683, which marked the end of Ottoman expansion into Europe.

question: Poor rule by what class of people strained the empire?, answer: Sultans | question: Europeans gained on the Ottoman empire in what type of technology?, answer: military technology | question: What types of conservative beliefs slowed the expansion of the empire?, answer: religious and intellectual | question: What battle took place in 1683?, answer: Battle of Vienna | question: The empire ceased its expansion into what area after a battle in 1683?, answer: Europe
The effects of local surface low pressure are extremely limited because upper-level subsidence still continues to block any form of air ascent. Also, to be protected against rain-bearing weather systems by the atmospheric circulation itself, the desert is made even drier by his geographical configuration and location. Indeed, the extreme aridity of the Sahara can't be only explained by the subtropical high pressure. The Atlas Mountains, found in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia also help to enhance the aridity of the northern part of the desert. These major mountain ranges act as a barrier causing a strong rain shadow effect on the leeward side by dropping much of the humidity brought by atmospheric disturbances along the polar front which affects the surrounding Mediterranean climates.

question: What is blocked due to local surface low pressure?, answer: air ascent | question: What mountain helps enhance the aridity of the desert?, answer: Atlas Mountains | question: Where are the Atlas Mountains located?, answer: Algeria
The effects of the "Twin Shocks"—the Soviet entry and the atomic bombing—were profound. On 10 August the "sacred decision" was made by Japanese Cabinet to accept the Potsdam terms on one condition: the "prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler". At noon on 15 August, after the American government's intentionally ambiguous reply, stating that the "authority" of the emperor "shall be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers", the Emperor broadcast to the nation and to the world at large the rescript of surrender, ending the Second World War.

question: How did the Japanese refer to the atomic bombings and the Soviet invasion?, answer: "Twin Shocks" | question: When did Japan surrender?, answer: 15 August | question: What was the one condition Japan wanted before accepting the Potsdam terms?, answer: "prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler" | question: What was the reply to Japan about the surrender condition?, answer: "authority" of the emperor "shall be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers" | question: What was it called when the Japanese Cabinet accepted the Potsdam terms?, answer: "sacred decision"
The efforts of military commanders to channel the divine will were on occasion less successful. In the early days of Rome's war against Carthage, the commander Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul 249 BC) launched a sea campaign "though the sacred chickens would not eat when he took the auspices." In defiance of the omen, he threw them into the sea, "saying that they might drink, since they would not eat. He was defeated, and on being bidden by the senate to appoint a dictator, he appointed his messenger Glycias, as if again making a jest of his country's peril." His impiety not only lost the battle but ruined his career.

question: What general was consul in 249 BC?, answer: Publius Claudius Pulcher | question: What type of campaign did Publius fight?, answer: sea | question: What was Publius's critical mistake in his sea campaign?, answer: defiance of the omen | question: How did Publius fare in his battle?, answer: defeated | question: What was the cause of Publius's failures according to Roman feeling?, answer: impiety
The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is never total, but is striking when viewed in an evolutionary context. One of humanity's two closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, are anything but egalitarian, forming themselves into hierarchies that are often dominated by an alpha male. So great is the contrast with human hunter-gatherers that it is widely argued by palaeoanthropologists that resistance to being dominated was a key factor driving the evolutionary emergence of human consciousness, language, kinship and social organization.

question: How is it interesting to view hunter-gatherers' egalitarianism?, answer: in an evolutionary context | question: What do chimpanzees act like as pertains to being egalitarianism?, answer: anything but egalitarian | question: How do chimpanzees arrange themselves in a group setting?, answer: into hierarchies | question: What is the dominate one in a chimpanzee group?, answer: alpha male
The eight member countries of the Warsaw Pact pledged the mutual defense of any member who would be attacked. Relations among the treaty signatories were based upon mutual non-intervention in the internal affairs of the member countries, respect for national sovereignty, and political independence. However, almost all governments of those member states were indirectly controlled by the Soviet Union.

question: How many countries formed the initial Warsaw Pact membership?, answer: eight
The elaboration of the cerebral cortex carries with it changes to other brain areas. The superior colliculus, which plays a major role in visual control of behavior in most vertebrates, shrinks to a small size in mammals, and many of its functions are taken over by visual areas of the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum of mammals contains a large portion (the neocerebellum) dedicated to supporting the cerebral cortex, which has no counterpart in other vertebrates.

question: The superior colliculus is related to what sensual control of vertebrates?, answer: visual | question: The larger part of the cerebellum in mammals is called what?, answer: (the neocerebellum | question: The Neocerebellum supports what other part of the brain?, answer: cerebral cortex
The elections of 2010 resulted in a victory for the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party. Various foreign observers questioned the fairness of the elections. One criticism of the election was that only government sanctioned political parties were allowed to contest in it and the popular National League for Democracy was declared illegal. However, immediately following the elections, the government ended the house arrest of the democracy advocate and leader of the National League for Democracy, Aung San Suu Kyi, and her ability to move freely around the country is considered an important test of the military's movement toward more openness. After unexpected reforms in 2011, NLD senior leaders have decided to register as a political party and to field candidates in future by-elections.

question: What was the name of the winning unit in the 2010 elections in Burma ?, answer: The elections of 2010 resulted in a victory for the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party | question: Were the elections held in an unbiased manner Burma in 2010 ?, answer: Various foreign observers questioned the fairness of the elections. | question: What were some of the opinions foreign advisers stated about the Burma 2010 elections ?, answer: One criticism of the election was that only government sanctioned political parties were allowed to contest in it | question: What was the Burmese official decision concerning the legitimacy of National League for Democracy in 2010 ?, answer: the popular National League for Democracy was declared illegal
The electrolysis of water is a simple method of producing hydrogen. A low voltage current is run through the water, and gaseous oxygen forms at the anode while gaseous hydrogen forms at the cathode. Typically the cathode is made from platinum or another inert metal when producing hydrogen for storage. If, however, the gas is to be burnt on site, oxygen is desirable to assist the combustion, and so both electrodes would be made from inert metals. (Iron, for instance, would oxidize, and thus decrease the amount of oxygen given off.) The theoretical maximum efficiency (electricity used vs. energetic value of hydrogen produced) is in the range 80–94%.

question: What is an easy way to produce hydrogen?, answer: electrolysis of water | question: Where does the gaseous oxygen form at?, answer: anode | question: Where does the gaseous hydrogen form at?, answer: cathode
The electronic instrumentation and minimal arrangement of Charanjit Singh's Synthesizing: Ten Ragas to a Disco Beat (1982), an album of Indian ragas performed in a disco style, anticipated the sounds of acid house music, but it is not known to have had any influence on the genre prior to the album's rediscovery in the 21st century.

question: What was the name of Charanjit Singh's 1982 album?, answer: Synthesizing: Ten Ragas to a Disco Beat | question: What did Singh's album contain?, answer: Indian ragas performed in a disco style | question: What year was synthesizing: ten ragas to a disco beat released?, answer: 1982 | question: What sort of arrangement did Charanjit Singh use on his 1982 album?, answer: minimal arrangement
The element was probably named by the alchemist Paracelsus after the German word Zinke (prong, tooth). German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746. Work by Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta uncovered the electrochemical properties of zinc by 1800. Corrosion-resistant zinc plating of iron (hot-dip galvanizing) is the major application for zinc. Other applications are in batteries, small non-structural castings, and alloys, such as brass. A variety of zinc compounds are commonly used, such as zinc carbonate and zinc gluconate (as dietary supplements), zinc chloride (in deodorants), zinc pyrithione (anti-dandruff shampoos), zinc sulfide (in luminescent paints), and zinc methyl or zinc diethyl in the organic laboratory.

question: Who named the element zinc?, answer: Paracelsus | question: What was zinc named after?, answer: Zinke | question: Who is credited with discovering zinc?, answer: Andreas Sigismund Marggraf | question: What two people discovered the electrochemical properties of zinc?, answer: Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta | question: Where can you find zinc chloride?, answer: deodorants | question: Who is credited as giving zinc its name?, answer: Paracelsus | question: What does the name zinc or zinke mean?, answer: (prong, tooth) | question: Who discovered pure metallic zinc?, answer: Andreas Sigismund Marggraf | question: What is the most common use for zinc?, answer: (hot-dip galvanizing | question: What is a common use for zinc chloride?, answer: deodorants
The elevator motor was located at the top of the shaft or beside the bottom of the shaft. Pushing the handle forward would cause the cab to rise; backwards would make it sink. The harder the pressure, the faster the elevator would move. The handle also served as a dead man switch: if the operator let go of the handle, it would return to its upright position, causing the elevator cab to stop. In time, safety interlocks would ensure that the inner and outer doors were closed before the elevator was allowed to move.

question: Where is the elevator motor found?, answer: at the top of the shaft or beside the bottom of the shaft | question: Moving the helve forward causes the cab to do what?, answer: to rise | question: The more pressure applied to the handle caused what?, answer: the faster the elevator would move | question: Why was the handle considered a "dead man switch"?, answer: if the operator let go of the handle, it would return to its upright position, causing the elevator cab to stop | question: Eventually safety locks were used to guarantee what?, answer: that the inner and outer doors were closed before the elevator was allowed to move
The eleven prefecture-level divisions of Zhejiang are subdivided into 90 county-level divisions (36 districts, 20 county-level cities, 33 counties, and one autonomous county). Those are in turn divided into 1,570 township-level divisions (761 towns, 505 townships, 14 ethnic townships, and 290 subdistricts). Hengdian belongs to Jinhua, which is the largest base of shooting films and TV dramas in China. Hengdian is called "China's Hollywood".

question: How many prefecture-level divisions of Zhejiang are there?, answer: eleven | question: How many county-level divisions of Zhejiang are there?, answer: 90 | question: How many township-level divisions of Zhejiang are there?, answer: 1,570 | question: What is the largest base of shooting films and TV dramas in China?, answer: Jinhua | question: What is called 'China's Hollywood'?, answer: Hengdian