lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
To the west, settlements in the Zagros basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The eastern and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain, and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 38 °C (100.4 °F). The coastal plains of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman in southern Iran have mild winters, and very humid and hot summers. The annual precipitation ranges from 135 to 355 mm (5.3 to 14.0 in).

question: In Iran's western Zagros Basin, temperatures do not exceed what level during the summer?, answer: 38 °C (100.4 °F) | question: In Iran's western Zagros Basin, what are the average daily temperatures during winter?, answer: below zero | question: The eastern and central basins of Iran experience how much annual precipitation?, answer: less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain | question: What is the coastal plains of Iran's annual precipitation ranges?, answer: 135 to 355 mm (5.3 to 14.0 in)
To this day, most hunter-gatherers have a symbolically structured sexual division of labour. However, it is true that in a small minority of cases, women hunt the same kind of quarry as men, sometimes doing so alongside men. The best-known example are the Aeta people of the Philippines. According to one study, "About 85% of Philippine Aeta women hunt, and they hunt the same quarry as men. Aeta women hunt in groups and with dogs, and have a 31% success rate as opposed to 17% for men. Their rates are even better when they combine forces with men: mixed hunting groups have a full 41% success rate among the Aeta." Among the Ju'/hoansi people of Namibia, women help men track down quarry. Women in the Australian Martu also primarily hunt small animals like lizards to feed their children and maintain relations with other women.

question: How is labor often divided in these groups?, answer: sexual division | question: What percentage of Aeta women hunt?, answer: 85% | question: What is the success rate of Aeta female hunters?, answer: 31% | question: What is the success rate for male Aeta hunters?, answer: 17%
To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.).

question: What does duel dating use to show the date?, answer: two consecutive years | question: What is the Old Style date mean?, answer: Julian calendar | question: What is N.S. stand for?, answer: New Style | question: What are New Style dates?, answer: Gregorian | question: Why use two consecutive year dates?, answer: starting date of the year
To understand groups beyond the level of mere symbolic manipulations as above, more structural concepts have to be employed.c[›] There is a conceptual principle underlying all of the following notions: to take advantage of the structure offered by groups (which sets, being "structureless", do not have), constructions related to groups have to be compatible with the group operation. This compatibility manifests itself in the following notions in various ways. For example, groups can be related to each other via functions called group homomorphisms. By the mentioned principle, they are required to respect the group structures in a precise sense. The structure of groups can also be understood by breaking them into pieces called subgroups and quotient groups. The principle of "preserving structures"—a recurring topic in mathematics throughout—is an instance of working in a category, in this case the category of groups.

question: What ideas are used to understand groups beyond symbols?, answer: structural concepts | question: What has to be compatible with the group operation?, answer: constructions related to groups | question: What concept describes groups that can be related to each other via functions?, answer: group homomorphisms
To varying degrees, Nasser's statist system of government was continued in Egypt and emulated by virtually all Arab republics, namely Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Tunisia, Yemen, Sudan, and Libya. Ahmed Ben Bella, Algeria's first president, was a staunch Nasserist. Abdullah al-Sallal drove out the king of North Yemen in the name of Nasser's pan-Arabism. Other coups influenced by Nasser included those that occurred in Iraq in July 1958 and Syria in 1963. Muammar Gaddafi, who overthrew the Libyan monarchy in 1969, considered Nasser his hero and sought to succeed him as "leader of the Arabs". Also in 1969, Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry, a supporter of Nasser, took power in Sudan. The Arab Nationalist Movement (ANM) helped spread Nasser's pan-Arabist ideas throughout the Arab world, particularly among the Palestinians, Syrians, and Lebanese, and in South Yemen, the Persian Gulf, and Iraq. While many regional heads of state tried to emulate Nasser, Podeh opined that the "parochialism" of successive Arab leaders "transformed imitation [of Nasser] into parody".

question: Who was Algeria's first president, a fervent Nasserist?, answer: Ben Bella | question: What Nasserist usurped the King of Yemen?, answer: Abdullah al-Sallal | question: Which leader considered Nasser his hero?, answer: Muammar Gaddafi | question: What leader took power in Sudan and was inspired by Nasser?, answer: Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry | question: What organization continued Nasser's philosophies?, answer: Arab Nationalist Movement
Tobacco was one of the first major industries to develop after the Civil War. Many farmers grew some tobacco, and the invention of the cigarette made the product especially popular. Winston-Salem is the birthplace of R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR), founded by R. J. Reynolds in 1874 as one of 16 tobacco companies in the town. By 1914 it was selling 425 million packs of Camels a year. Today it is the second-largest tobacco company in the U.S. (behind Altria Group). RJR is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Reynolds American Inc., which in turn is 42% owned by British American Tobacco.

question: Winston Salem is the headquarters of what tobacco Company?, answer: R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | question: The invention of cigarettes made what popular?, answer: Tobacco | question: What year was RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company founded?, answer: 1874 | question: How many packs of camel cigarettes were sold per year in 1914?, answer: 425 million | question: What was one of the first growing industries to develope after the civil war?, answer: Tobacco
Today Saint Helena has its own currency, the Saint Helena pound, which is at parity with the pound sterling. The government of Saint Helena produces its own coinage and banknotes. The Bank of Saint Helena was established on Saint Helena and Ascension Island in 2004. It has branches in Jamestown on Saint Helena, and Georgetown, Ascension Island and it took over the business of the St. Helena government savings bank and Ascension Island Savings Bank.

question: What is the Saint Helena currency?, answer: the Saint Helena pound | question: The government of Saint Helena produces it's own what?, answer: coinage and banknotes | question: What year was the Bank of Saint Helena established?, answer: 2004 | question: The Saint Helena pound is at parity with what other currency?, answer: pound sterling
Today both the Papireto river and the Kemonia are covered up by buildings. However, the shape of the former watercourses can still be recognised today, because the streets that were built on them follow their shapes. Today the only waterway not drained yet is the Oreto river that divides the downtown of the city from the western uptown and the industrial districts. In the basins there were, though, many seasonal torrents that helped formed swampy plains, reclaimed during history; a good example of which can be found in the borough of Mondello.

question: How can former rivers be recognised presently?, answer: the streets that were built on them follow their shapes | question: What is the only remaining waterway in Palermo?, answer: Oreto river | question: Which two former rivers in Palermo are currently building sites?, answer: Papireto river and the Kemonia
Today the boundaries of the Ukrainian language to the Russian language are still not drawn clearly, with an intermediate dialect between them, called Surzhyk, developing in Ukraine.

question: In what country is the Surzhyk dialect spoken?, answer: Ukraine | question: Surzhyk is a dialect intermediate between the Ukrainian language and what other language?, answer: Russian
Today the word szlachta in the Polish language simply translates to "nobility". In its broadest meaning, it can also denote some non-hereditary honorary knighthoods granted today by some European monarchs. Occasionally, 19th-century non-noble landowners were referred to as szlachta by courtesy or error, when they owned manorial estates though they were not noble by birth. In the narrow sense, szlachta denotes the old-Commonwealth nobility.

question: What simple word does the term szlachta translate too?, answer: nobility | question: What were the non noble land owners referred too as?, answer: szlachta | question: Why were the non nobles and nobles referred as the same term?, answer: by courtesy or error | question: What does szlachta mainly denote?, answer: old-Commonwealth nobility
Today, Estonian society encourages liberty and liberalism, with popular commitment to the ideals of the limited government, discouraging centralised power and corruption. The Protestant work ethic remains a significant cultural staple, and free education is a highly prized institution. Like the mainstream culture in the other Nordic countries, Estonian culture can be seen to build upon the ascetic environmental realities and traditional livelihoods, a heritage of comparatively widespread egalitarianism out of practical reasons (see: Everyman's right and universal suffrage), and the ideals of closeness to nature and self-sufficiency (see: summer cottage).

question: What virtues does modern Estonian society promote?, answer: liberty and liberalism | question: What size and power of government is popular in Estonia?, answer: limited government, discouraging centralised power and corruption | question: What is a highly prized fixture of Estonian society?, answer: free education | question: What ideal does Estonia hold towards the environment?, answer: closeness to nature
Today, Greeks are the majority ethnic group in the Hellenic Republic, where they constitute 93% of the country's population, and the Republic of Cyprus where they make up 78% of the island's population (excluding Turkish settlers in the occupied part of the country). Greek populations have not traditionally exhibited high rates of growth; nonetheless, the population of Greece has shown regular increase since the country's first census in 1828. A large percentage of the population growth since the state's foundation has resulted from annexation of new territories and the influx of 1.5 million Greek refugees after the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey. About 80% of the population of Greece is urban, with 28% concentrated in the city of Athens

question: In the Rupublic of Hellenic who is the ethnic majority and what percentage of the populace do they represent ?, answer: Greeks are the majority ethnic group in the Hellenic Republic, where they constitute 93% of the country's population | question: What's the estimated populace of Greeks on the isle of Cyprus ?, answer: Republic of Cyprus where they make up 78% of the island's population | question: Are Greeks in danger of contributing vastly to the problem of population control ?, answer: Greek populations have not traditionally exhibited high rates of growth | question: Is the Greek populace on a whole increasing or decreasing in numbers ?, answer: Greece has shown regular increase since the country's first census in 1828. | question: Where there any significances that contributed to the increase or decrease in population numbers ?, answer: influx of 1.5 million Greek refugees after the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey.
Today, Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism. With approximately 80 million adherents, it constitutes the third most common Protestant confession after historically Pentecostal denominations and Anglicanism. The Lutheran World Federation, the largest global communion of Lutheran churches represents over 72 million people. Additionally, there are also many smaller bodies such as the International Lutheran Council and the Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference, as well as independent churches.

question: What is one of the largest Protestant branches with 80 million members?, answer: Lutheranism | question: How popular is the branch of Lutheranism?, answer: third | question: What is the largest body of Lutheran churches?, answer: The Lutheran World Federation | question: How many people belong to the Lutheran World Federation?, answer: over 72 million people | question: Name two smaller Lutheran church bodies., answer: International Lutheran Council and the Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference
Today, USD notes are made from cotton fiber paper, unlike most common paper, which is made of wood fiber. U.S. coins are produced by the United States Mint. U.S. dollar banknotes are printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and, since 1914, have been issued by the Federal Reserve. The "large-sized notes" issued before 1928 measured 7.42 inches (188 mm) by 3.125 inches (79.4 mm); small-sized notes, introduced that year, measure 6.14 inches (156 mm) by 2.61 inches (66 mm) by 0.0043 inches (0.11 mm). When the current, smaller sized U.S. currency was introduced it was referred to as Philippine-sized currency because the Philippines had previously adopted the same size for its legal currency.

question: What are dollar notes made from now adays?, answer: cotton fiber paper | question: What is most common paper made of?, answer: wood fiber | question: Since 1914, who issues the dollar banknotes?, answer: Federal Reserve | question: How long do the current notes measure?, answer: 6.14 inches | question: What size currency are the new smaller notes similar to?, answer: Philippine
Today, about 37% of all Christians live in the Americas, and about 26% live in Europe, 24% of total Christians live in sub-Saharan Africa, about 13% in Asia and the Pacific, and 1% of the world's Christians live in the Middle east and North Africa. About half of all Christians worldwide are Catholic, while more than a third are Protestant (37%). Orthodox communions comprise 12% of the world's Christians. Other Christian groups make up the remainder. Christians make up the majority of the population in 158 countries and territories. 280 million Christian live as a minority.

question: Of all the Christians in the world, how many are Catholic?, answer: half | question: Christians are the majority in how many countries and territories in the world today?, answer: 158
Today, all humans are classified as belonging to the species Homo sapiens and sub-species Homo sapiens sapiens. However, this is not the first species of homininae: the first species of genus Homo, Homo habilis, are theorized to have evolved in East Africa at least 2 million years ago, and members of this species populated different parts of Africa in a relatively short time. Homo erectus is theorized to have evolved more than 1.8 million years ago, and by 1.5 million years ago had spread throughout Europe and Asia. Virtually all physical anthropologists agree that Archaic Homo sapiens (A group including the possible species H. heidelbergensis, H. rhodesiensis and H. neanderthalensis) evolved out of African Homo erectus ((sensu lato) or Homo ergaster).

question: What species do all living humans today belong to?, answer: Homo sapiens | question: When is it theorized that Homo habilis evolved in East Africa?, answer: 2 million years ago | question: How many millions of years ago had Homo erectus spread throughout Europa and Asia?, answer: 1.5 | question: Members of what species populated parts of Africa in a relatively short time?, answer: Homo habilis | question: What group might have Archaic Homo sapiens evolve out of?, answer: African Homo erectus
Today, computer security comprises mainly "preventive" measures, like firewalls or an exit procedure. A firewall can be defined as a way of filtering network data between a host or a network and another network, such as the Internet, and can be implemented as software running on the machine, hooking into the network stack (or, in the case of most UNIX-based operating systems such as Linux, built into the operating system kernel) to provide real time filtering and blocking. Another implementation is a so-called physical firewall which consists of a separate machine filtering network traffic. Firewalls are common amongst machines that are permanently connected to the Internet.

question: Firewalls and exit procedures are considered what?, answer: "preventive" measures | question: What is defined as a way of filtering network data between a host or network and another network?, answer: A firewall | question: What does a physical firewall consist of?, answer: a separate machine filtering network traffic | question: What type of machines normall have a firewall?, answer: permanently connected to the Internet | question: What compromises mainly preventative measures?, answer: computer security
Today, most commercial web browsers are paid by search engine companies to make their engine default, or to include them as another option. For example, Google pays Mozilla, the maker of Firefox, to make Google Search the default search engine in Firefox. Mozilla makes enough money from this deal that it does not need to charge users for Firefox. In addition, Google Search is also (as one would expect) the default search engine in Google Chrome. Users searching for websites or items on the Internet would be led to Google's search results page, increasing ad revenue and which funds development at Google and of Google Chrome.

question: Which company pays Firefox to make their search engine the default on their browser?, answer: Google | question: What other browser has Google as the default search engine?, answer: Chrome | question: The increased revenue funds what, in addition to Google?, answer: Google Chrome
Today, nearly all commonly used video compression methods (e.g., those in standards approved by the ITU-T or ISO) apply a discrete cosine transform (DCT) for spatial redundancy reduction. The DCT that is widely used in this regard was introduced by N. Ahmed, T. Natarajan and K. R. Rao in 1974. Other methods, such as fractal compression, matching pursuit and the use of a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) have been the subject of some research, but are typically not used in practical products (except for the use of wavelet coding as still-image coders without motion compensation). Interest in fractal compression seems to be waning, due to recent theoretical analysis showing a comparative lack of effectiveness of such methods.

question: What do all commonly used video compression methods use?, answer: discrete cosine transform | question: What does a DCT do?, answer: spatial redundancy reduction | question: What is not used in practical products?, answer: fractal compression
Today, thanks to Paris' cosmopolitan population, every French regional cuisine and almost every national cuisine in the world can be found there; the city has more than 9,000 restaurants. The Michelin Guide has been a standard guide to French restaurants since 1900, awarding its highest award, three stars, to the best restaurants in France. In 2015, of the 29 Michelin three-star restaurants in France, nine are located in Paris. These include both restaurants which serve classical French cuisine, such as L'Ambroisie in the Place des Vosges, and those which serve non-traditional menus, such as L'Astrance, which combines French and Asian cuisines. Several of France's most famous chefs, including Pierre Gagnaire, Alain Ducasse, Yannick Alléno and Alain Passard, have three-star restaurants in Paris.

question: How many restaurants are there today in Paris?, answer: 9,000 | question: When was the Michelin guide created?, answer: 1900 | question: How many 3 star Michelin restaurants were in Paris in 2015?, answer: nine | question: How many 3 star Michelin restaurants were in France in 2015?, answer: 29
Today, the system of Arabic and Islamic education has grown and further integrated with Kerala government administration. In 2005, an estimated 6,000 Muslim Arabic teachers taught in Kerala government schools, with over 500,000 Muslim students. State-appointed committees, not private mosques or religious scholars outside the government, determine the curriculum and accreditation of new schools and colleges. Primary education in Arabic and Islamic studies is available to Kerala Muslims almost entirely in after-school madrasa programs - sharply unlike full-time madaris common in north India, which may replace formal schooling. Arabic colleges (over eleven of which exist within the state-run University of Calicut and the Kannur University) provide B.A. and Masters' level degrees. At all levels, instruction is co-educational, with many women instructors and professors. Islamic education boards are independently run by the following organizations, accredited by the Kerala state government: Samastha Kerala Islamic Education Board, Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen, Jamaat-e-Islami Hind, and Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind.

question: How many Muslim students are there in Kerala?, answer: over 500,000 | question: How many Muslim teachers are there in Kerala?, answer: 6,000 | question: Who determines the content taught in Arabic public schools?, answer: State-appointed committees | question: What types of programs provide traditional Islamic teaching?, answer: after-school | question: What is the format of school for girls and boys?, answer: co-educational
Today, there is a growing number of Associates who share the Dominican charism. Dominican Associates are Christian women and men; married, single, divorced, and widowed; clergy members and lay persons who were first drawn to and then called to live out the charism and continue the mission of the Dominican Order - to praise, to bless, to preach. Associates do not take vows, but rather make a commitment to be partners with vowed members, and to share the mission and charism of the Dominican Family in their own lives, families, churches, neighborhoods, workplaces, and cities.

question: What do present day Dominican Order associates do?, answer: share the mission and charism of the Dominican Family | question: What is an example of a modern Dominican Order follower?, answer: Christian women and men | question: What draws many people into following the Dominican Order?, answer: charism | question: Present day members continue to do what for the Dominican Order?, answer: to praise, to bless, to preach