lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
During the year following that contract, with Dodsley, Burke founded the influential Annual Register, a publication in which various authors evaluated the international political events of the previous year. The extent to which Burke contributed to the Annual Register is unclear: in his biography of Burke, Robert Murray quotes the Register as evidence of Burke's opinions, yet Philip Magnus in his biography does not cite it directly as a reference. Burke remained the chief editor of the publication until at least 1789 and there is no evidence that any other writer contributed to it before 1766.

question: What publication did Burke found?, answer: Annual Register | question: The Annual Register covered international events of what type?, answer: political | question: Burke was the only known writer for the Register until what year?, answer: 1766 | question: Burke was the chief editor for the Register until at least what year?, answer: 1789 | question: Who wrote a biography of Burke?, answer: Philip Magnus
During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease that occurred during these years. Vaccine development continued to accelerate, with the most notable achievement of the period being Jonas Salk's 1954 development of the polio vaccine under the funding of the non-profit National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. The vaccine process was never patented, but was instead given to pharmaceutical companies to manufacture as a low-cost generic. In 1960 Maurice Hilleman of Merck Sharp & Dohme identified the SV40 virus, which was later shown to cause tumors in many mammalian species. It was later determined that SV40 was present as a contaminant in polio vaccine lots that had been administered to 90% of the children in the United States. The contamination appears to have originated both in the original cell stock and in monkey tissue used for production. In 2004 the United States Cancer Institute announced that it had concluded that SV40 is not associated with cancer in people.

question: When was the Polio vaccine created?, answer: 1954 | question: Who announced that SV40 was not associated with cancer?, answer: United States Cancer Institute | question: Who identified the SV40 virus?, answer: Maurice Hilleman | question: What was a complication of the SV40 virus?, answer: cause tumors | question: Who funded the Polio vaccine?, answer: National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis | question: In what year was the polio vaccine created?, answer: 1954 | question: Who created the polio vaccine?, answer: Jonas Salk | question: What virus caused tumors in most mammals?, answer: SV40 | question: Who identified the SV40 virus?, answer: Maurice Hilleman | question: SV40 was present in what vaccine?, answer: polio
During their investigation of Noriega, Kerry's staff found reason to believe that the Pakistan-based Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) had facilitated Noriega's drug trafficking and money laundering. This led to a separate inquiry into BCCI, and as a result, banking regulators shut down BCCI in 1991. In December 1992, Kerry and Senator Hank Brown, a Republican from Colorado, released The BCCI Affair, a report on the BCCI scandal. The report showed that the bank was crooked and was working with terrorists, including Abu Nidal. It blasted the Department of Justice, the Department of the Treasury, the Customs Service, the Federal Reserve Bank, as well as influential lobbyists and the CIA.

question: Where is the BCCI based?, answer: Pakistan | question: What bank helped Noriega?, answer: Bank of Credit and Commerce International | question: When was BCCI shut down?, answer: 1991 | question: Who collaborated in the report about BCCI?, answer: Kerry and Senator Hank Brown | question: What was the BCCI report called?, answer: The BCCI Affair
During this battle, on September 13, the 4th Division, under John A. Quitman, spearheaded the attack against Chapultepec and carried the castle. Future Confederate generals George E. Pickett and James Longstreet participated in the attack. Serving in the Mexican defense were the cadets later immortalized as Los Niños Héroes (the "Boy Heroes"). The Mexican forces fell back from Chapultepec and retreated within the city. Attacks on the Belén and San Cosme Gates came afterwards. The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed in what is now the far north of the city.

question: Who led the 4th division?, answer: John A. Quitman | question: What treaty was signed?, answer: Guadalupe Hidalgo | question: Who were the future confederate generals?, answer: George E. Pickett and James Longstreet | question: Who carried the castle?, answer: the 4th Division | question: When did the castle fall?, answer: on September 13
During this critical period, the number of Preachers seems never to have sunk below 3,500. Statistics for 1876 show 3,748, but 500 of these had been expelled from their convents and were engaged in parochial work. Statistics for 1910 show a total of 4,472 nominally or actually engaged in proper activities of the order. In the year 2000, there were 5,171 Dominican friars in solemn vows, 917 student brothers, and 237 novices. By the year 2013 there were 6058 Dominican friars, including 4,470 priests.

question: In 1876, how many preachers were expelled from the Dominican Order?, answer: 500 | question: In 1910, how many Dominicans were actively engaged in Order work?, answer: 4,472 | question: How many Dominican friars were there in 2013?, answer: 6058 | question: In what year were there 4,470 priests in the Dominican Order?, answer: 2013 | question: How many student brothers were there in the year 2000?, answer: 917
During this early period, it was more usual that neither major party grouping (Federalists and Democratic-Republicans) had an official leader. In 1813, for instance, a scholar recounts that the Federalist minority of 36 Members needed a committee of 13 "to represent a party comprising a distinct minority" and "to coordinate the actions of men who were already partisans in the same cause." In 1828, a foreign observer of the House offered this perspective on the absence of formal party leadership on Capitol Hill:

question: In the early days who represented party leadership?, answer: it was more usual that neither major party grouping (Federalists and Democratic-Republicans) had an official leader | question: In early 19th century, what were 2 common parties?, answer: (Federalists and Democratic-Republicans) | question: What would be the purpose of organizing non majority members of the house?, answer: to represent a party comprising a distinct minority
During this era of Porfirian rule, the city underwent an extensive modernization. Many Spanish Colonial style buildings were destroyed, replaced by new much larger Porfirian institutions and many outlying rural zones were transformed into urban or industrialized districts with most having electrical, gas and sewage utilities by 1908. While the initial focus was on developing modern hospitals, schools, factories and massive public works, perhaps the most long-lasting effects of the Porfirian modernization were creation of the Colonia Roma area and the development of Reforma Avenue. Many of Mexico City's major attractions and landmarks were built during this era in this style.

question: When was most of the urbanization completed?, answer: by 1908 | question: The extensive modernization started with what?, answer: Many Spanish Colonial style buildings were destroyed | question: What was built during the modernization?, answer: hospitals, schools, factories and massive public works | question: What famous street was built during this period of modernization?, answer: Reforma Avenue
During this period Boston flourished culturally as well, admired for its rarefied literary life and generous artistic patronage, with members of old Boston families—eventually dubbed Boston Brahmins—coming to be regarded as the nation's social and cultural elites.

question: What was the name given to old Boston families?, answer: Boston Brahmins | question: Who came to be known as the nation's social elites?, answer: Boston Brahmins | question: Boston was admired for what kind of life?, answer: literary life | question: Boston improved culturally because of its generous what?, answer: artistic patronage
During this period the practice of manuscript illumination gradually passed from monasteries to lay workshops, so that according to Janetta Benton "by 1300 most monks bought their books in shops", and the book of hours developed as a form of devotional book for lay-people. Metalwork continued to be the most prestigious form of art, with Limoges enamel a popular and relatively affordable option for objects such as reliquaries and crosses. In Italy the innovations of Cimabue and Duccio, followed by the Trecento master Giotto (d. 1337), greatly increased the sophistication and status of panel painting and fresco. Increasing prosperity during the 12th century resulted in greater production of secular art; many carved ivory objects such as gaming-pieces, combs, and small religious figures have survived.

question: Who noted that 14th century monks bought books in shops?, answer: Janetta Benton | question: What form of art had the most prestige in this era?, answer: Metalwork | question: When did Giotto die?, answer: 1337 | question: What were many pieces of secular art carved from in this period?, answer: ivory | question: Along with Duccio, what Italian artist was a noted innovator in this period?, answer: Cimabue
During this period, Bengal witnessed an intellectual awakening that is in some way similar to the Renaissance in Europe during the 16th century, although Europeans of that age were not confronted with the challenge and influence of alien colonialism. This movement questioned existing orthodoxies, particularly with respect to women, marriage, the dowry system, the caste system, and religion. One of the earliest social movements that emerged during this time was the Young Bengal movement, which espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct among upper caste educated Hindus. It played an important role in reawakening Indian minds and intellect across the sub-continent.

question: What did the Bengali Renaissance resemble?, answer: Renaissance in Europe | question: What did the Movement question?, answer: existing orthodoxies | question: What early social movement occurred during this time of awakening?, answer: Young Bengal | question: What factors did the Young Bengal movement say were needed for civil conduct?, answer: rationalism and atheism | question: What did the movements in Bengal serve to awaken in Indians?, answer: minds and intellect
During this period, Roman soldiers seem to have been modelled after those of the Etruscans to the north, who themselves seem to have copied their style of warfare from the Greeks. Traditionally, the introduction of the phalanx formation into the Roman army is ascribed to the city's penultimate king, Servius Tullius (ruled 578 to 534 BC). According to Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, the front rank was composed of the wealthiest citizens, who were able to purchase the best equipment. Each subsequent rank consisted of those with less wealth and poorer equipment than the one before it.

question: Who introduced the phalanx formation into Rome's army?, answer: Servius Tullius | question: Were Roman soldiers expected to purchase their own equipment?, answer: wealthiest citizens, who were able to purchase the best equipment | question: Who were contained in the first rank of the phalanx formation?, answer: wealthiest citizens | question: From what people did it appear the Etruscans had model their form of warfare on?, answer: Greeks | question: Where did Dionysius hail from?, answer: Halicarnassus
During this period, the Russian Black Sea Fleet was operating against Ottoman coastal traffic between Constantinople (currently named Istanbul) and the Caucasus ports, while the Ottoman fleet sought to protect this supply line. The clash came on 30 November 1853 when a Russian fleet attacked an Ottoman force in the harbour at Sinop, and destroyed it at the Battle of Sinop. The battle outraged opinion in UK, which called for war. There was little additional naval action until March 1854 when on the declaration of war the British frigate Furious was fired on outside Odessa harbour. In response an Anglo-French fleet bombarded the port, causing much damage to the town. To show support for Turkey after the battle of Sinop, on the 22th of December 1853, the Anglo-French squadron entered the Black Sea and the steamship HMS Retribution approached the Port of Sevastopol, the commander of which received an ultimatum not to allow any ships in the Black Sea.

question: At what harbor did a Russian fleet attacked a Ottoman force?, answer: harbour at Sinop | question: What was the name of the ship that was attacked outside of the Odessa harbor?, answer: Furious | question: Who attacked the port after the attack outside of Odessa harbor?, answer: an Anglo-French fleet | question: After the battle of Sinop, what steamship approached the Port of Sevastopol to show support for Turkey?, answer: HMS Retribution
During this period, the Weapons Station was the Atlantic Fleet's loadout base for all nuclear ballistic missile submarines. Two SSBN "Boomer" squadrons and a submarine tender were homeported at the Weapons Station, while one SSN attack squadron, Submarine Squadron 4, and a submarine tender were homeported at the Naval Base. At the 1996 closure of the station's Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic (POMFLANT), over 2,500 nuclear warheads and their UGM-27 Polaris, UGM-73 Poseidon, and UGM-96 Trident I delivery missiles (SLBM) were stored and maintained, guarded by a U.S. Marine Corps security force company.

question: What year was the Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic station closed?, answer: 1996 | question: How many nuclear warheads were stored at the Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic station?, answer: 2,500 nuclear warheads | question: How many SSBN "Boomer" squadrons were homeported at the Weapons Station?, answer: Two | question: Submarine Squadron 4 is homeported at what type of military base?, answer: Naval Base | question: What type of security force guards the 2500 nuclear warheads?, answer: a U.S. Marine Corps security force company.
During this period, the island enjoyed increased revenues through the sale of flax, with prices peaking in 1951. However, the industry declined because of transportation costs and competition from synthetic fibres. The decision by the British Post Office to use synthetic fibres for its mailbags was a further blow, contributing to the closure of the island's flax mills in 1965.

question: What did the Island sell for increased revenue during this period?, answer: flax | question: What year did flax prices peak?, answer: 1951 | question: The British Post Offices decision to use what kind of fibres hurt the flax industry?, answer: synthetic fibres | question: What year did the Island's flax mills close?, answer: 1965
During this time, Atlantic City was under the mayoral reign of Edward L. Bader, known for his contributions to the construction, athletics and aviation of Atlantic City. Despite the opposition of many others, he purchased land that became the city's municipal airport and high school football stadium, both of which were later named Bader Field in his honor. He led the initiative, in 1923, to construct the Atlantic City High School at Albany and Atlantic Avenues. Bader, in November 1923, initiated a public referendum, during the general election, at which time residents approved the construction of a Convention Center. The city passed an ordinance approving a bond issue for $1.5 million to be used for the purchase of land for Convention Hall, now known as the Boardwalk Hall, finalized September 30, 1924. Bader was also a driving force behind the creation of the Miss America competition.

question: During the 1920s, who was the mayor of Atlantic City?, answer: Edward L. Bader | question: What three contributions to Atlantic City was Edward L. Bader known for?, answer: construction, athletics and aviation | question: What year did Edward L. Bader lead the initiative to construct the Atlantic City High School?, answer: 1923 | question: How much was the bond for that was to be used to purchase land for a Convention Center?, answer: $1.5 million | question: What year was Boardwalk Hall finished?, answer: 1924
During up-peak mode (also called moderate incoming traffic), elevator cars in a group are recalled to the lobby to provide expeditious service to passengers arriving at the building, most typically in the morning as people arrive for work or at the conclusion of a lunch-time period. Elevators are dispatched one-by-one when they reach a pre-determined passenger load, or when they have had their doors opened for a certain period of time. The next elevator to be dispatched usually has its hall lantern or a "this car leaving next" sign illuminated to encourage passengers to make maximum use of the available elevator system capacity. Some elevator banks are programmed so that at least one car will always return to the lobby floor and park whenever it becomes free.

question: What is another name for up-peak mode?, answer: moderate incoming traffic | question: Generally, up-peak mode takes place during what times of the day?, answer: most typically in the morning | question: What are the reasons for up-peak mode early in the day?, answer: people arrive for work or at the conclusion of a lunch-time period | question: For what reasons are elevators routed one-by-one?, answer: when they reach a pre-determined passenger load, or when they have had their doors opened for a certain period of time | question: Why is a "this car leaving next" sign used?, answer: to encourage passengers to make maximum use of the available elevator system capacity
During weekday lunchtime, over 150 lunch carts and food trucks from neighborhood restaurants cater to different student populations throughout Yale's campus. The carts cluster at three main points: by Yale – New Haven Hospital in the center of the Hospital Green (Cedar and York streets), by Yale's Trumbull College (Elm and York streets), and on the intersection of Prospect and Sachem streets by the Yale School of Management. Popular farmers' markets, managed by the local non-profit CitySeed, set up shop weekly in several neighborhoods, including Westville/Edgewood Park, Fair Haven, Upper State Street, Wooster Square, and Downtown/New Haven Green.

question: At what cross streets, marking the center of the Hospital Green of Yale - New Haven Hospital, do food carts congregate on weekdays?, answer: Cedar and York streets | question: What college of Yale is located at Elm and York Streets in New Haven?, answer: Trumbull College | question: What school of Yale is located nearest the intersection of Prospect and Sachem streets?, answer: Yale School of Management | question: What New Haven non-profit manages the farmer's markets that service various neighborhoods weekly throughout the area?, answer: CitySeed | question: How many lunch carts are there in Yale's Campus during lunchtime?, answer: over 150 | question: Who manages New Haven's farmers' market?, answer: Fair Haven, | question: New Haven Hospital is located at where in Hospital Green?, answer: Cedar and York streets
Dutch belongs to its own West Germanic sub-group, West Low Franconian, paired with its sister language Limburgish, or East Low Franconian. Closest relative is the mutual intelligible daughter language Afrikaans. Other West Germanic languages related to Dutch are German, English and the Frisian languages, and the non standardised languages Low German and Yiddish. Dutch stands out in combining a small degree of Ingvaeonic characteristics (occurring consistently in English and Frisian and reduced in intensity from 'west to east' over the continental West Germanic plane) with mostly Istvaeonic characteristics, of which some of them are also incorporated in German. Unlike German, Dutch (apart from Limburgish) has not been influenced at all by the 'south to north' movement of the High German sound shift, and had some changes of its own. The cumulation of these changes resulted over time in separate, but related standard languages with various degrees of similarities and differences between them. For a comparison between the West Germanic languages, see the sections Morphology, Grammar and Vocabulary.

question: What's the "cheesy" name for East Low Franconian?, answer: Limburgish | question: What language has the most in common with the East Low Franconian dialect of Dutch?, answer: Afrikaans | question: Along with German and English, what standardized West Germanic language is similar to Dutch?, answer: Frisian | question: Non-standardized languages similar to Dutch include Yiddish and what other West Germanic language?, answer: Low German | question: As opposed to Dutch, what language was influenced by the High German sound shift?, answer: German
Dutch dialects and regional languages are not spoken as often as they used to be. Recent research by Geert Driessen shows that the use of dialects and regional languages among both Dutch adults and youth is in heavy decline. In 1995, 27 percent of the Dutch adult population spoke a dialect or regional language on a regular basis, while in 2011 this was no more than 11 percent. In 1995, 12 percent of the primary school aged children spoke a dialect or regional language, while in 2011 this had declined to 4 percent. Of the three officially recognized regional languages Limburgish is spoken most (in 2011 among adults 54%, among children 31%) and Dutch Low Saxon least (adults 15%, children 1%); Frisian occupies a middle position (adults 44%, children 22%).

question: What organization researched the use of regional Dutch dialects and found their usage declining?, answer: Geert Driessen | question: What percentage of adults in the Netherlands spoke a dialect or regional language in 1995?, answer: 27 | question: How many primary school aged children were found to speak a dialect or regional language by 2011?, answer: 4 percent | question: What's the most commonly spoken regional language in the Netherlands?, answer: Limburgish | question: In 2011, what percentage of Dutch adults spoke Frisian?, answer: 44%
Dutch is one of the closest relatives of both German and English[n 5] and is said to be roughly in between them.[n 6] Dutch, like English, has not undergone the High German consonant shift, does not use Germanic umlaut as a grammatical marker, has largely abandoned the use of the subjunctive, and has levelled much of its morphology, including the case system.[n 7] Features shared with German include the survival of three grammatical genders—albeit with few grammatical consequences[n 8]—as well as the use of modal particles, final-obstruent devoicing, and a similar word order.[n 9] Dutch vocabulary is mostly Germanic and incorporates more Romance loans than German but fewer than English.[n 10]

question: Which two languages does Dutch most closely resemble?, answer: German and English | question: Which Germanic accent mark do both the English and the Dutch language not use?, answer: umlaut | question: Unlike English, both German and Dutch use how many genders in their grammar?, answer: three | question: Which verb tense have both English and Dutch mostly gotten rid of?, answer: subjunctive | question: Does Dutch borrow more or less from Romance languages for its vocabulary than German?, answer: more