lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The Spanish ship San Pedro and two other vessels in an expedition commanded by Miguel López de Legazpi discovered an island on January 9, 1530, possibly Mejit, at 10°N, which they named "Los Barbudos". The Spaniards went ashore and traded with the local inhabitants. On January 10, the Spaniards sighted another island that they named "Placeres", perhaps Ailuk; ten leagues away, they sighted another island that they called "Pajares" (perhaps Jemo). On January 12, they sighted another island at 10°N that they called "Corrales" (possibly Wotho). On January 15, the Spaniards sighted another low island, perhaps Ujelang, at 10°N, where they described the people on "Barbudos". After that, ships including the San Jeronimo, Los Reyes and Todos los Santos also visited the islands in different years.

question: What was the name given to the island reached by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi on January 9th of 1530?, answer: Los Barbudos | question: What is thought to be the modern name of the island Legazpi called Los Barbudos?, answer: Mejit | question: On what date did Legazpi's expedition see the island it named Placeres?, answer: January 10 | question: What name did the expedition give to the island it saw on January 12th?, answer: Corrales | question: What was the location of Corrales?, answer: 10°N | question: Who led the expedition involving the ship San Pedro?, answer: Miguel López de Legazpi | question: What did Miguel López de Legazpi call the island discovered on January 9, 1530?, answer: Los Barbudos | question: What did the Spanish call the island that might have been Ailuk?, answer: Placeres | question: On what day did the Spanish see the island they named Corrales?, answer: January 12 | question: What island may have been spotted by the Spanish on January 15?, answer: Ujelang
The Spanish–American War was a short decisive war marked by quick, overwhelming American victories at sea and on land against Spain. The Navy was well-prepared and won laurels, even as politicians tried (and failed) to have it redeployed to defend East Coast cities against potential threats from the feeble Spanish fleet. The Army performed well in combat in Cuba. However, it was too oriented to small posts in the West and not as well-prepared for an overseas conflict. It relied on volunteers and state militia units, which faced logistical, training and food problems in the staging areas in Florida. The United States freed Cuba (after an occupation by the U.S. Army). By the peace treaty Spain ceded to the United States its colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The Navy set up coaling stations there and in Hawaii (which voluntarily joined the U.S. in 1898). The U.S. Navy now had a major forward presence across the Pacific and (with the lease of Guantánamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba) a major base in the Caribbean guarding the approaches to the Gulf Coast and the Panama Canal.

question: Where did the American army fight the Spanish in the Spanish American War?, answer: Cuba | question: The army in this war was primarily made up of what sort of units?, answer: volunteers and state militia | question: What colonies did Spain hand over to the US after the war?, answer: Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines | question: What island territory voluntarily joined the US as a colony in 1898?, answer: Hawaii | question: What is the name of the naval base the US leased from a newly independent Cuba?, answer: Guantánamo Bay Naval Base
The Special Clerical Court handles crimes allegedly committed by clerics, although it has also taken on cases involving lay people. The Special Clerical Court functions independently of the regular judicial framework and is accountable only to the Supreme Leader. The Court's rulings are final and cannot be appealed. The Assembly of Experts, which meets for one week annually, comprises 86 "virtuous and learned" clerics elected by adult suffrage for eight-year terms. As with the presidential and parliamentary elections, the Guardian Council determines candidates' eligibility. The Assembly elects the Supreme Leader and has the constitutional authority to remove the Supreme Leader from power at any time. It has not challenged any of the Supreme Leader's decisions.

question: When crimes are committed by clerics, who handles the cases?, answer: The Special Clerical Court | question: The Special Clerical Court is accountable to only which body?, answer: the Supreme Leader | question: How often does the Assembly of Experts meet?, answer: one week annually | question: The Assembly of Experts has how many clerics?, answer: 86 | question: Which body can remove the Supreme Leader at any time by constitutional right?, answer: The Assembly of Experts
The Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery, located inside the Bhrikutimandap Exhibition grounds, hosts the work of contemporary painters and sculptors, and regularly organizes exhibitions. It also runs morning and evening classes in the schools of art. Also of note is the Moti Azima Gallery, located in a three storied building in Bhimsenthan which contains an impressive collection of traditional utensils and handmade dolls and items typical of a medieval Newar house, giving an important insight into Nepali history. The J Art Gallery is also located in Kathmandu, near the Royal Palace in Durbarmarg, Kathmandu and displays the artwork of eminent, established Nepali painters. The Nepal Art Council Gallery, located in the Babar Mahal, on the way to Tribhuvan International Airport contains artwork of both national and international artists and extensive halls regularly used for art exhibitions.

question: Where can one find the Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery?, answer: Bhrikutimandap Exhibition grounds | question: The Moti Azima Gallery contains objects that might be found in a Nepalese house of what time period?, answer: medieval | question: What art gallery is located close to the Durbarmarg Royal Palace?, answer: J | question: Where can the Nepal Art Council Gallery be found?, answer: Babar Mahal | question: In which of Nepal's art galleries can one take an art class?, answer: Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery
The Standard Output Sensitivity (SOS) technique, also new in the 2006 version of the standard, effectively specifies that the average level in the sRGB image must be 18% gray plus or minus 1/3 stop when the exposure is controlled by an automatic exposure control system calibrated per ISO 2721 and set to the EI with no exposure compensation. Because the output level is measured in the sRGB output from the camera, it is only applicable to sRGB images—typically JPEG—and not to output files in raw image format. It is not applicable when multi-zone metering is used.

question: What year was the Standard Output Sensitivity technique introduced?, answer: 2006 | question: What does the Standard Output Sensitivity technique apply to?, answer: sRGB images—typically JPEG | question: What is the output level measured in?, answer: the sRGB output from the camera | question: With what type of metering can the Standard Output Sensitivity not be used?, answer: multi-zone metering | question: With what standard is the automatic exposure control system calibrated?, answer: ISO 2721
The State Railways Administration of Uruguay (AFE) operates three commuter rail lines, namely the Empalme Olmos, San Jose and Florida. These lines operate to major suburban areas of Canelones, San José and Florida. Within the Montevideo city limits, local trains stop at Lorenzo Carnelli, Yatai (Step Mill), Sayago, Columbus (line to San Jose and Florida), Peñarol and Manga (line Empalme Olmos) stations. The historic 19th century General Artigas Central Station located in the neighbourhood of Aguada, six blocks from the central business district, was abandoned 1 March 2003 and remains closed. A new station, 500 metres (1,600 ft) north of the old one and part of the Tower of Communications modern complex, has taken over the rail traffic.

question: What does the AFE stand for?, answer: The State Railways Administration of Uruguay | question: What neighborhood is the General Artigas Central Station located?, answer: Aguada | question: When was the General Artigas Central Station abandoned?, answer: 1 March 2003
The State of Israel is divided into six main administrative districts, known as mehozot (מחוזות; singular: mahoz) – Center, Haifa, Jerusalem, North, Southern, and Tel Aviv Districts, as well as the Judea and Samaria Area in the West Bank. All of the Judea and Samaria Area and parts of the Jerusalem and North districts are not recognized internationally as part of Israel. Districts are further divided into fifteen sub-districts known as nafot (נפות; singular: nafa), which are themselves partitioned into fifty natural regions.

question: The State of Israel is divided into how many administrative districts?, answer: six | question: What are these districts known as?, answer: mehozot | question: How many sub-districts are there?, answer: fifteen
The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish, following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov. Moreover, non-Hispanic American origin politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic majority constituencies. There are 500 Spanish newspapers, 152 magazines, and 205 publishers in the United States; magazine and local television advertising expenditures for the Hispanic market have increased much from 1999 to 2003, with growth of 58 percent and 43 percent, respectively.

question: What political speaches are delivered in English and Spanish?, answer: The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish | question: Was this always the case in American political addresses?, answer: following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov. | question: Does Washington (government) operate in both languages (bilingual-Spanish?), answer: politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic majority constituencies | question: If someone is not bilingual and only speaks Spanish, how do they learn about current events?, answer: There are 500 Spanish newspapers, 152 magazines, and 205 publishers in the United States; magazine and local television | question: Is the Hispanic population relevant to the American media?, answer: local television advertising expenditures for the Hispanic market have increased much from 1999 to 2003, with growth of 58 percent and 43 percent, respectively.
The Story of the Kelly Gang, the world's first feature film, was shot in Melbourne in 1906. Melbourne filmmakers continued to produce bushranger films until they were banned by Victorian politicians in 1912 for the perceived promotion of crime, thus contributing to the decline of one of the silent film era's most productive industries. A notable film shot and set in Melbourne during Australia's cinematic lull is On the Beach (1959). The 1970s saw the rise of the Australian New Wave and its Ozploitation offshoot, instigated by Melbourne-based productions Stork and Alvin Purple. Picnic at Hanging Rock and Mad Max, both shot in and around Melbourne, achieved worldwide acclaim. 2004 saw the construction of Melbourne's largest film and television studio complex, Docklands Studios Melbourne, which has hosted many domestic productions, as well as international features. Melbourne is also home to the headquarters of Village Roadshow Pictures, Australia's largest film production company. Famous modern day actors from Melbourne include Cate Blanchett, Rachel Griffiths, Guy Pearce, Geoffrey Rush and Eric Bana.

question: What was the world's first feature film?, answer: The Story of the Kelly Gang | question: In what city was the world's first feature film shot in 1906?, answer: Melbourne | question: Why were films banned by Victorian politicans in 1912?, answer: perceived promotion of crime | question: What year were bushranger films banned by Victorian politicians?, answer: 1912 | question: In what "lull" year was On the Beach filmed?, answer: 1959
The Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015 included £178 billion investment in new equipment and capabilities. The review set a defence policy with four primary missions for the Armed Forces:

question: How much was the investment in new equipment and capabilities worth?, answer: £178 billion | question: In which year was a £178 billion investment made?, answer: 2015 | question: How many primary missions were included in the 2015 Review?, answer: four | question: What is the name of the yearly statement released by the MoD?, answer: The Strategic Defence and Security Review
The Strumica Carnival (Macedonian: Струмички Карневал, translated Strumichki Karneval) has been held since at least 1670, when the Turkish author Evlija Chelebija wrote while staying there, "I came into a town located in the foothills of a high hillock and what I saw that night was masked people running house–to–house, with laughter, scream and song." The Carnival took an organized form in 1991; in 1994, Strumica became a member of FECC and in 1998 hosted the XVIII International Congress of Carnival Cities. The Strumica Carnival opens on a Saturday night at a masked ball where the Prince and Princess are chosen; the main Carnival night is on Tuesday, when masked participants (including groups from abroad) compete in various subjects. As of 2000, the Festival of Caricatures and Aphorisms has been held as part of Strumica's Carnival celebrations.

question: How long has the Strumica Carnival been going on?, answer: since at least 1670 | question: What nationality was Evlija Chelebija?, answer: Turkish | question: Who ran from house to house, laughing, screaming, and singing?, answer: masked people | question: What day is the main Carnival Night observed on?, answer: Tuesday | question: What year was the Festival of Caricatures and Aphorisms added to Strumica's Carnival celebrations?, answer: 2000
The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt considered the most important centre of the maritime transport in the Middle East, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows ship transport between Europe and Asia without navigation around Africa. The northern terminus is Port Said and the southern terminus is Port Tawfiq at the city of Suez. Ismailia lies on its west bank, 3 km (1.9 mi) from the half-way point.

question: What is consideredt the most important part of maritime transport in middle east?, answer: The Suez Canal | question: Is the Suez Canal natural?, answer: artificial sea-level waterway | question: What 2 bodies of water does Suez connect?, answer: Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea | question: When was Suez canal completed?, answer: November 1869
The Suez Canal, built in partnership with the French, was completed in 1869. Its construction led to enormous debt to European banks, and caused popular discontent because of the onerous taxation it required. In 1875 Ismail was forced to sell Egypt's share in the canal to the British Government. Within three years this led to the imposition of British and French controllers who sat in the Egyptian cabinet, and, "with the financial power of the bondholders behind them, were the real power in the Government."

question: When was Suez canal completed?, answer: 1869 | question: Who partnered with Egypt to build Suez Canal?, answer: French | question: In what year did Egypt sell its portion of Suez Canal?, answer: 1875 | question: Who sold Egypt's portion of Suez?, answer: Ismail | question: To whom did Egypt sell its interest in Suez Canal?, answer: British Government
The Suez Crisis very publicly exposed Britain's limitations to the world and confirmed Britain's decline on the world stage, demonstrating that henceforth it could no longer act without at least the acquiescence, if not the full support, of the United States. The events at Suez wounded British national pride, leading one MP to describe it as "Britain's Waterloo" and another to suggest that the country had become an "American satellite". Margaret Thatcher later described the mindset she believed had befallen the British political establishment as "Suez syndrome", from which Britain did not recover until the successful recapture of the Falkland Islands from Argentina in 1982.

question: Where did 'Britain's Waterloo' occur?, answer: Suez | question: Who referred to 'Suez Syndrome'?, answer: Margaret Thatcher | question: When did Britain retake the Falkland Islands?, answer: 1982 | question: From whom did Britain retake the Falkland Islands?, answer: Argentina | question: A British minister thought which country was becoming an 'American satellite'?, answer: Britain
The Suez crisis and the choice of Eden's successor led in 1957 to the first major personal criticism of the Queen. In a magazine, which he owned and edited, Lord Altrincham accused her of being "out of touch". Altrincham was denounced by public figures and slapped by a member of the public appalled by his comments. Six years later, in 1963, Macmillan resigned and advised the Queen to appoint the Earl of Home as prime minister, advice that she followed. The Queen again came under criticism for appointing the prime minister on the advice of a small number of ministers or a single minister. In 1965, the Conservatives adopted a formal mechanism for electing a leader, thus relieving her of involvement.

question: Aside from her choice of Eden's successor, what crisis caused Elizabeth to be criticized?, answer: Suez crisis | question: What did Lord Altrincham accuse Elizabeth of being?, answer: out of touch | question: When did Macmillan resign?, answer: 1963 | question: Who did Elizabeth appoint as Prime Minister after the resignation of Macmillan?, answer: Earl of Home | question: When was a formal mechanism for electing the Minister adopted?, answer: 1965
The Sultanate of Ifat, led by the Walashma dynasty with its capital at Zeila, ruled over parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia. The historian al-Umari records that Ifat was situated near the Red Sea coast, and states its size as 15 days travel by 20 days travel. Its army numbered 15,000 horsemen and 20,000 foot soldiers. Al-Umari also credits Ifat with seven "mother cities": Belqulzar, Kuljura, Shimi, Shewa, Adal, Jamme and Laboo.

question: What dynasty ruled the Sultanate of Ifat?, answer: the Walashma dynasty | question: What was the capital of the Sultanate of Ifat?, answer: Zeila | question: Along with parts of Ethiopia and Somalia, in what modern-day country was the Sultanate of Ifat located?, answer: Djibouti | question: According to al-Umari, how many cavalry did the Sultanate of Ifat have?, answer: 15,000 | question: Near what body of water did al-Umari say Ifat was located?, answer: the Red Sea
The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was developed, which has allowed archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions. Classical Sumer ends with the rise of the Akkadian Empire in the 23rd century BC. Following the Gutian period, there is a brief Sumerian Renaissance in the 21st century BC, cut short in the 20th century BC by Semitic Amorite invasions. The Amorite "dynasty of Isin" persisted until c. 1700 BC, when Mesopotamia was united under Babylonian rule. The Sumerians were eventually absorbed into the Akkadian (Assyro-Babylonian) population.

question: During what periods did the Sumerican city-states rise to power?, answer: prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk | question: What is obscure until the Early Dynastic III period around the 23rd century BC?, answer: Sumerian written history | question: What was developed that has allowed archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions?, answer: syllabary writing system | question: When does Classical Sumer end?, answer: rise of the Akkadian Empire | question: What cut short the Sumerian Renaissance in the 21st century BC?, answer: Semitic Amorite invasions
The Sumerian language is generally regarded as a language isolate in linguistics because it belongs to no known language family; Akkadian, by contrast, belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. There have been many failed attempts to connect Sumerian to other language groups. It is an agglutinative language; in other words, morphemes ("units of meaning") are added together to create words, unlike analytic languages where morphemes are purely added together to create sentences. Some authors have proposed that there may be evidence of a sub-stratum or add-stratum language for geographic features and various crafts and agricultural activities, called variously Proto-Euphratean or Proto Tigrean, but this is disputed by others.

question: Akkadian's language can be traced to the Semitic branch of what languages?, answer: Afroasiatic | question: Why is the Sumerian language usually thought of as a language isolate in linguistics?, answer: belongs to no known language family | question: In Sumerian, what are morphemes added together to create?, answer: words | question: What has been the result of attempts to connect Sumerian to other language groups?, answer: failed | question: What are morphemes?, answer: "units of meaning"
The Sumerians developed a complex system of metrology c. 4000 BC. This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. From c. 2600 BC onwards, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and dealt with geometrical exercises and division problems. The earliest traces of the Babylonian numerals also date back to this period. The period c. 2700 – 2300 BC saw the first appearance of the abacus, and a table of successive columns which delimited the successive orders of magnitude of their sexagesimal number system. The Sumerians were the first to use a place value numeral system. There is also anecdotal evidence the Sumerians may have used a type of slide rule in astronomical calculations. They were the first to find the area of a triangle and the volume of a cube.

question: What did the Sumerians a complex system of around 4000 BC?, answer: metrology | question: From the Sumerian metrology sprang forth the creation of what disciplines?, answer: arithmetic, geometry, and algebra | question: Where did the Sumerians put their multiplication tables?, answer: on clay tablets | question: When was the abacus first seen between?, answer: 2700 – 2300 BC | question: What were the Sumerians the first to do when it came to mathematics?, answer: use a place value numeral system
The Sumerians were a non-Semitic caucasoid people, and spoke a language isolate; a number of linguists believed they could detect a substrate language beneath Sumerian, because names of some of Sumer's major cities are not Sumerian, revealing influences of earlier inhabitants. However, the archaeological record shows clear uninterrupted cultural continuity from the time of the early Ubaid period (5300 – 4700 BC C-14) settlements in southern Mesopotamia. The Sumerian people who settled here farmed the lands in this region that were made fertile by silt deposited by the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers.

question: Who were a non-Semitic caucasoid people?, answer: The Sumerians | question: What influences did the Sumerian language seem to retain?, answer: earlier inhabitants | question: What do archaeological records clearly show about the Sumerian culture?, answer: uninterrupted cultural continuity | question: When were settlements started in southern Mesopotamia?, answer: early Ubaid period | question: Why were the lands in the region the Sumerian people settled fertile?, answer: silt deposited by the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers