lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The UCS-2 and UTF-16 encodings specify the Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) for use at the beginnings of text files, which may be used for byte ordering detection (or byte endianness detection). The BOM, code point U+FEFF has the important property of unambiguity on byte reorder, regardless of the Unicode encoding used; U+FFFE (the result of byte-swapping U+FEFF) does not equate to a legal character, and U+FEFF in other places, other than the beginning of text, conveys the zero-width non-break space (a character with no appearance and no effect other than preventing the formation of ligatures).

question: What does BOM stand for?, answer: Unicode Byte Order Mark | question: What specifies the BOM?, answer: UCS-2 and UTF-16 | question: what is the code point of the BOM?, answer: U+FEFF | question: What is U+UFFE the result of?, answer: byte-swapping U+FEFF
The UK government has spent £250 million in the construction of the island's airport. Expected to be fully operational early 2016, it is expected to help the island towards self-sufficiency and encourage economic development, reducing dependence on British government aid. The airport is also expected to kick start the tourism industry, with up to 30,000 visitors expected annually. As of August, 2015 ticketing was postponed until an airline could be firmly designated.

question: How much money was spent on construction of the island's airport?, answer: 250 million | question: Which government built the island's airport?, answer: UK government | question: When was the airport expected to be fully functional?, answer: early 2016 | question: Which industry is the airport supposed to help when it becomes complete?, answer: tourism | question: How many tourists are expected annually thanks to the airport?, answer: up to 30,000
The UK national curriculum is adapted for local use. A range of qualifications are offered – from GCSE, A/S and A2, to Level 3 Diplomas and VRQ qualifications:

question: What curriculum does the island adapt?, answer: The UK national curriculum | question: What are the qualifications offered?, answer: GCSE, A/S and A2, to Level 3 Diplomas and VRQ qualifications
The UK political system, while technically a multi-party system, has functioned generally as a two-party (sometimes called a "two-and-a-half party") system; since the 1920s the two largest political parties have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. Before the Labour Party rose in British politics the Liberal Party was the other major political party along with the Conservatives. Though coalition and minority governments have been an occasional feature of parliamentary politics, the first-past-the-post electoral system used for general elections tends to maintain the dominance of these two parties, though each has in the past century relied upon a third party to deliver a working majority in Parliament. (A plurality voting system usually leads to a two-party system, a relationship described by Maurice Duverger and known as Duverger's Law.) There are also numerous other parties that hold or have held a number of seats in Parliament.

question: What has the UK political system functioned as?, answer: a two-party (sometimes called a "two-and-a-half party") system | question: What are the two largest political parties in the UK?, answer: Conservative Party and the Labour Party | question: What was the other major party before the Labour party?, answer: Liberal Party | question: What is Duveger's Law?, answer: A plurality voting system usually leads to a two-party system
The UN ultimately created a Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, which was signed by the United States, USSR, and the United Kingdom on January 27, 1967 and went into force the following October 10.

question: The Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space was signed by three countries on what date?, answer: January 27, 1967
The UNFPA supports programs in more than 150 countries, territories and areas spread across four geographic regions: Arab States and Europe, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and sub-Saharan Africa. Around three quarters of the staff work in the field. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group and part of its Executive Committee.

question: In how many geographic regions does UNFPA operate?, answer: four | question: About what fraction of UNFPA's staff do field work?, answer: three quarters | question: UNFPA is part of what larger U.N. group?, answer: United Nations Development Group | question: UNFPA groups what area in the same geographic region as the Arab States?, answer: Europe
The US Air Force Fitness Test (AFFT) is designed to test the abdominal circumference, muscular strength/endurance and cardiovascular respiratory fitness of airmen in the USAF. As part of the Fit to Fight program, the USAF adopted a more stringent physical fitness assessment; the new fitness program was put into effect on 1 June 2010. The annual ergo-cycle test which the USAF had used for several years had been replaced in 2004. In the AFFT, Airmen are given a score based on performance consisting of four components: waist circumference, the sit-up, the push-up, and a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) run. Airmen can potentially earn a score of 100, with the run counting as 60%, waist circumference as 20%, and both strength test counting as 10% each. A passing score is 75 points. Effective 1 July 2010, the AFFT is administered by the base Fitness Assessment Cell (FAC), and is required twice a year. Personnel may test once a year if he or she earns a score above a 90%. Additionally, only meeting the minimum standards on each one of these tests will not get you a passing score of 75%, and failing any one component will result in a failure for the entire test.

question: What is the more strict program that the USAF adopted in 2010 called?, answer: Fit to Fight program | question: What test is designed to test the fitness of airmen in the USAF?, answer: US Air Force Fitness Test | question: How long is the run that the USAF airmen are tested on for the fitness program?, answer: 1.5-mile | question: What is a passing score on the US Air Force Fitness Test?, answer: 75 points | question: What score must an airman get on the US Air Force Fitness test to be able to opt out of one of the mandatory twice a year retests?, answer: 90%
The US Air Force had been developing a program to launch the first man in space, named Man in Space Soonest. This program studied several different types of one-man space vehicles, settling on a ballistic re-entry capsule launched on a derivative Atlas missile, and selecting a group of nine candidate pilots. After NASA's creation, the program was transferred over to the civilian agency and renamed Project Mercury on November 26, 1958. NASA selected a new group of astronaut (from the Greek for "star sailor") candidates from Navy, Air Force and Marine test pilots, and narrowed this down to a group of seven for the program. Capsule design and astronaut training began immediately, working toward preliminary suborbital flights on the Redstone missile, followed by orbital flights on the Atlas. Each flight series would first start unmanned, then carry a primate, then finally men.

question: Man in Space Soonest was a program by which organization?, answer: US Air Force | question: Man in Space Soonest was reestablished as what in November 26, 1958?, answer: Project Mercury
The US Congress was urged to create the exemption by proponents of a conservation plan on San Bruno Mountain, California that was drafted in the early 1980s and is the first HCP in the nation. In the conference report on the 1982 amendments, Congress specified that it intended the San Bruno plan to act "as a model" for future conservation plans developed under the incidental take exemption provision and that "the adequacy of similar conservation plans should be measured against the San Bruno plan". Congress further noted that the San Bruno plan was based on "an independent exhaustive biological study" and protected at least 87% of the habitat of the listed butterflies that led to the development of the HCP.

question: What location held the first HCP?, answer: San Bruno Mountain, California | question: What percentage of the critical habitat was protected for the area that received the first HCP?, answer: 87% | question: What type of animal was being protected in the area that received the first HCP?, answer: butterflies
The US and USSR began discussions on the peaceful uses of space as early as 1958, presenting issues for debate to the United Nations, which created a Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space in 1959.

question: The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was established in what year?, answer: 1959 | question: The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was created by what organization in 1959?, answer: United Nations
The US ended World War I with two 3-inch AA guns and improvements were developed throughout the inter-war period. However, in 1924 work started on a new 105 mm static mounting AA gun, but only a few were produced by the mid-1930s because by this time work had started on the 90 mm AA gun, with mobile carriages and static mountings able to engage air, sea and ground targets. The M1 version was approved in 1940. During the 1920s there was some work on a 4.7-inch which lapsed, but revived in 1937, leading to a new gun in 1944.

question: When were improvements developed for these guns?, answer: throughout the inter-war period | question: What year was the M1 version approved?, answer: 1940 | question: Only a few of the 105 mm static mounting AA guns were produced because work had started on which other gun?, answer: 90 mm AA gun | question: When did work begin on the 105 mm static mounting AA gun?, answer: 1924 | question: What kind of guns did the United States end WW I with?, answer: two 3-inch AA guns
The US racial or ethnic classification "black" refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation, from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have West African ancestry (in any discernible percentage), or to exhibit cultural traits associated with being "African American". As a result, in the United States the term "black people" is not an indicator of skin color or ethnic origin but is instead a socially based racial classification related to being African American, with a family history associated with institutionalized slavery. Relatively dark-skinned people can be classified as white if they fulfill other social criteria of "whiteness", and relatively light-skinned people can be classified as black if they fulfill the social criteria for "blackness" in a particular setting.

question: What type of skin pigment does "Black" refer to?, answer: the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors | question: In the United States the term "black people" is an indicator for?, answer: socially based racial classification related to being African American, | question: Where does the US base family history of African Americans from?, answer: a family history associated with institutionalized slavery. | question: How are people defined as "black" or "white"?, answer: they fulfill the social criteria
The US reacted to the Luna program by embarking on the Ranger program in 1959, managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Block I Ranger 1 and Ranger 2 suffered Atlas-Agena launch failures in August and November 1961. The 727-pound (330 kg) Block II Ranger 3 launched successfully on January 26, 1962, but missed the Moon. The 730-pound (330 kg) Ranger 4 became the first US spacecraft to reach the Moon, but its solar panels and navigational system failed near the Moon and it impacted the far side without returning any scientific data. Ranger 5 ran out of power and missed the Moon by 725 kilometers (391 nmi) on October 21, 1962. The first successful Ranger mission was the 806-pound (366 kg) Block III Ranger 7 which impacted on July 31, 1964.

question: The Ranger program from 1959 was managed by what organization?, answer: NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory | question: The first spacecraft to make it to the Moon was what?, answer: Ranger 4 | question: The first Ranger mission that didn't fail was which one?, answer: Block III Ranger 7 | question: The Block III Ranger 7 mission successfully reached the moon on what date?, answer: July 31, 1964 | question: What program led to the establishment of the Ranger program?, answer: Luna
The US-built ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first electronic programmable computer built in the US. Although the ENIAC was similar to the Colossus it was much faster and more flexible. It was unambiguously a Turing-complete device and could compute any problem that would fit into its memory. Like the Colossus, a "program" on the ENIAC was defined by the states of its patch cables and switches, a far cry from the stored program electronic machines that came later. Once a program was written, it had to be mechanically set into the machine with manual resetting of plugs and switches.

question: The US-buils ENIAC stands for what?, answer: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) | question: What was the first electronic programmable computer built in the United States?, answer: ENIAC
The USA PATRIOT Act increased the powers allotted to the FBI, especially in wiretapping and monitoring of Internet activity. One of the most controversial provisions of the act is the so-called sneak and peek provision, granting the FBI powers to search a house while the residents are away, and not requiring them to notify the residents for several weeks afterwards. Under the PATRIOT Act's provisions, the FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records of those who are suspected of terrorism (something it had supposedly not done since the 1970s).

question: What increased the powers of the FBI?, answer: USA PATRIOT Act | question: What was one of the most controversial parts of the Patriot Act?, answer: sneak and peek provision | question: What new residential powers did the FBI now have?, answer: search a house while the residents are away | question: Could the FBI inquire into library records?, answer: FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records | question: Who's library records did the FBI look into?, answer: those who are suspected of terrorism
The USA PATRIOT Act of October 2001 dramatically reduces restrictions on law enforcement agencies' ability to search telephone, e-mail communications, medical, financial, and other records; eases restrictions on foreign intelligence gathering within the United States; expands the Secretary of the Treasury's authority to regulate financial transactions, particularly those involving foreign individuals and entities; and broadens the discretion of law enforcement and immigration authorities in detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts. The act also expanded the definition of terrorism to include domestic terrorism, thus enlarging the number of activities to which the USA PATRIOT Act's expanded law enforcement powers could be applied. A new Terrorist Finance Tracking Program monitored the movements of terrorists' financial resources (discontinued after being revealed by The New York Times). Global telecommunication usage, including those with no links to terrorism, is being collected and monitored through the NSA electronic surveillance program. The Patriot Act is still in effect.

question: When was the Patriot Act passed?, answer: October 2001 | question: What did the Patriot Act make it easier for law enforcement to search?, answer: telephone, e-mail communications, medical, financial, and other records | question: What did the Patriot Act make it easier to do to immigrants?, answer: detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts | question: How was the definition of terrorism expanded by the Patriot Act?, answer: to include domestic terrorism | question: Which newspaper revealed the Terrorist Finance Tracking Program?, answer: The New York Times
The USAF countered the MiG-15 by sending over three squadrons of its most capable fighter, the F-86 Sabre. These arrived in December 1950. The MiG was designed as a bomber interceptor. It had a very high service ceiling—50,000 feet (15,000 m) and carried very heavy weaponry: one 37 mm cannon and two 23 mm cannons. They were fast enough to dive past the fighter escort of P-80 Shooting Stars and F9F Panthers and could reach and destroy the U.S. heavy bombers. B-29 losses could not be avoided, and the Air Force was forced to switch from a daylight bombing campaign to the necessarily less accurate nighttime bombing of targets. The MiGs were countered by the F-86 Sabres. They had a ceiling of 42,000 feet (13,000 m) and were armed with six .50 caliber (12.7 mm) machine guns, which were range adjusted by radar gunsights. If coming in at higher altitude the advantage of engaging or not went to the MiG. Once in a level flight dogfight, both swept-wing designs attained comparable maximum speeds of around 660 mph (1,100 km/h). The MiG climbed faster, but the Sabre turned and dived better.

question: What plane did the US send to Korea to counter the power of the MiG-15?, answer: F-86 Sabre | question: To mitigate the loses of the B-29, what did the US Air Force do?, answer: switch from a daylight bombing campaign to the necessarily less accurate nighttime bombing | question: What was the MiG designed to be?, answer: bomber interceptor
The USAF is the only branch of the U.S. military where NCO status is achieved when an enlisted person reaches the pay grade of E-5. In all other branches, NCO status is generally achieved at the pay grade of E-4 (e.g., a Corporal in the Army and Marine Corps, Petty Officer Third Class in the Navy and Coast Guard). The Air Force mirrored the Army from 1976 to 1991 with an E-4 being either a Senior Airman wearing three stripes without a star or a Sergeant (referred to as "Buck Sergeant"), which was noted by the presence of the central star and considered an NCO. Despite not being an NCO, a Senior Airman who has completed Airman Leadership School can be a supervisor according to the AFI 36-2618.

question: When does NCO status happen in all other branches of the US Military?, answer: pay grade of E-4 | question: When does NCO status occur in the USAF?, answer: when an enlisted person reaches the pay grade of E-5 | question: What must a Senior Airman do to become a supervisor in the USAF?, answer: completed Airman Leadership School | question: What rank is NCO status achieved in the US Army?, answer: Corporal
The USAF's KC-135 and KC-10 aerial refueling aircraft are based on civilian jets. The USAF aircraft are equipped primarily for providing the fuel via a tail-mounted refueling boom, and can be equipped with "probe and drogue" refueling systems. Air-to-air refueling is extensively used in large-scale operations and also used in normal operations; fighters, bombers, and cargo aircraft rely heavily on the lesser-known "tanker" aircraft. This makes these aircraft an essential part of the Air Force's global mobility and the U.S. force projection. The KC-46A Pegasus is undergoing testing and is projected to be delivered to USAF units starting in 2017.

question: What kind of aircraft is the USAF's KC-135?, answer: aerial refueling aircraft | question: How does the aerial refueling aircraft supply fuel during flight?, answer: tail-mounted refueling boom | question: When is air-to-air refueling primarily used by the US Air Force?, answer: large-scale operations | question: What aircraft will be available for use by the US Air Force in 2017?, answer: KC-46A Pegasus
The USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.1 (released in 2007) defines a new type of USB port, called the charging port. Contrary to the standard downstream port, for which current draw by a connected portable device can exceed 100 mA only after digital negotiation with the host or hub, a charging port can supply currents between 500 mA and 1.5 A without the digital negotiation. A charging port supplies up to 500 mA at 5 V, up to the rated current at 3.6 V or more, and drops its output voltage if the portable device attempts to draw more than the rated current. The charger port may shut down if the load is too high.

question: What defines a new type of USB port, called the charging port?, answer: The USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.1 | question: When was the USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.1 released?, answer: in 2007 | question: What was the USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.1 called?, answer: the charging port | question: What does a charging port supply?, answer: up to 500 mA at 5 V
The USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.2 (released in 2010) makes clear that there are safety limits to the rated current at 5 A coming from USB 2.0. On the other hand, several changes are made and limits are increasing including allowing 1.5 A on charging downstream ports for unconfigured devices, allowing high speed communication while having a current up to 1.5 A, and allowing a maximum current of 5 A. Also, revision 1.2 removes support for USB ports type detection via resistive detection mechanisms.

question: What does the USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.2 make clear of?, answer: there are safety limits to the rated current at 5 A coming from USB 2.0 | question: What does revision 1.2 remove?, answer: USB ports type detection via resistive detection mechanisms | question: When was USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.2 released?, answer: in 2010
The USB Power Delivery revision 2.0 specification has been released as part of the USB 3.1 suite. It covers the Type-C cable and connector with four power/ground pairs and a separate configuration channel, which now hosts a DC coupled low-frequency BMC-coded data channel that reduces the possibilities for RF interference. Power Delivery protocols have been updated to facilitate Type-C features such as cable ID function, Alternate Mode negotiation, increased VBUS currents, and VCONN-powered accessories.

question: The USB Power Delivery revision 2.0 specification has been released as part of what?, answer: USB 3.1 | question: What does the USB Power Delivery revision 2.0 specification cover?, answer: Type-C cable and connector with four power/ground pairs and a separate configuration channel | question: Power delivery protocols have been updated to facilitate what?, answer: Type-C features
The USB standard specifies relatively loose tolerances for compliant USB connectors to minimize physical incompatibilities in connectors from different vendors. To address a weakness present in some other connector standards, the USB specification also defines limits to the size of a connecting device in the area around its plug. This was done to prevent a device from blocking adjacent ports due to the size of the cable strain relief mechanism (usually molding integral with the cable outer insulation) at the connector. Compliant devices must either fit within the size restrictions or support a compliant extension cable that does.

question: What type of tolerances does the USB standard specify for compliant USB connectors?, answer: loose tolerances | question: Why were loose tolerances allowed for compliant USB connectors?, answer: to minimize physical incompatibilities in connectors from different vendors | question: How is a weakness addressed in some other connector standards?, answer: the USB specification also defines limits to the size of a connecting device | question: Due to size restrictions compliant devices must what?, answer: fit within the size restrictions or support a compliant extension cable that does