lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Bermuda is an offshore financial centre, which results from its minimal standards of business regulation/laws and direct taxation on personal or corporate income. It has one of the highest consumption taxes in the world and taxes all imports in lieu of an income tax system. Bermudas's consumption tax is equivalent to local income tax to local residents and funds government and infrastructure expenditures. The local tax system depends upon import duties, payroll taxes and consumption taxes. The legal system is derived from that of the United Kingdom, with recourse to English courts of final appeal. Foreign private individuals cannot easily open bank accounts or subscribe to mobile phone or internet services.

question: Why is Bermuda considered an offshore financial center?, answer: minimal standards of business regulation/laws and direct taxation on personal or corporate income | question: What does it do in place of an income tax system?, answer: taxes all imports | question: What is Bermuda's legal system derived from?, answer: United Kingdom, with recourse to English courts of final appeal | question: What three things does the tax system depend on?, answer: import duties, payroll taxes and consumption taxes | question: What does Bermuda use the consumption tax for?, answer: funds government and infrastructure expenditures
Bermuda was colonised by the English as an extension of Virginia and has long had close ties with the US Atlantic Seaboard and Canadian Maritimes as well as the UK. It had a history of African slavery, although Britain abolished it decades before the US. Since the 20th century, there has been considerable immigration to Bermuda from the West Indies, as well as continued immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands. Unlike immigrants from British colonies in the West Indies, the latter immigrants have had greater difficulty in becoming permanent residents as they lacked British citizenship, mostly spoke no English, and required renewal of work permits to remain beyond an initial period. From the 1950s onwards, Bermuda relaxed its immigration laws, allowing increased immigration from Britain and Canada. Some Black politicians accused the government of using this device to counter the West Indian immigration of previous decades.

question: Why did the English originally colonize Bermuda?, answer: an extension of Virginia | question: What two areas have provided a constant stream of immigration to Bermuda since the 20th century?, answer: West Indies, as well as continued immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands | question: Why have these recent immigrants had trouble becoming permanent residents?, answer: they lacked British citizenship | question: When did Bermuda ease up on its immigration laws?, answer: 1950s | question: Why were Black politicians upset about the change in immigration laws?, answer: accused the government of using this device to counter the West Indian immigration of previous decades.
Bermuda was discovered in 1503 by Spanish explorer Juan de Bermúdez. It is mentioned in Legatio Babylonica, published in 1511 by historian Pedro Mártir de Anglería, and was also included on Spanish charts of that year. Both Spanish and Portuguese ships used the islands as a replenishment spot to take on fresh meat and water. Legends arose of spirits and devils, now thought to have stemmed from the calls of raucous birds (most likely the Bermuda petrel, or Cahow) and the loud noise heard at night from wild hogs. Combined with the frequent storm-wracked conditions and the dangerous reefs, the archipelago became known as the Isle of Devils. Neither Spain nor Portugal tried to settle it.

question: Who is credited with discovering Bermuda?, answer: Juan de Bermúdez | question: What did Spanish and Portugese ships use the islands for?, answer: a replenishment spot to take on fresh meat and water | question: What did early visitors attribute the noises of the islands to?, answer: spirits and devils, | question: Crazy noises from indigenous animals, frequent storms and hazardous reefs earned the islands what name?, answer: Isle of Devils
Bermuda watercolours painted by local artists are sold at various galleries. Hand-carved cedar sculptures are another speciality. One such 7 ft (2.1 m) sculpture, created by Bermudian sculptor Chesley Trott, is installed at the airport's baggage claim area. In 2010, his sculpture The Arrival was unveiled near the bay to commemorate the freeing of slaves from the American brig Enterprise in 1835. Local artwork may also be viewed at several galleries around the island. Alfred Birdsey was one of the more famous and talented watercolourists; his impressionistic landscapes of Hamilton, St George's and the surrounding sailboats, homes, and bays of Bermuda are world-renowned.

question: What type of painting are Bermuda artists known for?, answer: watercolours | question: What type of art work does Chesley Trott produce?, answer: Hand-carved cedar sculptures | question: What significant event does the sculpture The Arrival portray?, answer: the freeing of slaves from the American brig Enterprise in 1835 | question: Who is one of Bermuda's most famous watercolourists?, answer: Alfred Birdsey
Bermuda's culture is a mixture of the various sources of its population: Native American, Spanish-Caribbean, English, Irish, and Scots cultures were evident in the 17th century, and became part of the dominant British culture. English is the primary and official language. Due to 160 years of immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands (primarily the Azores, though also from Madeira and the Cape Verde Islands), a portion of the population also speaks Portuguese. There are strong British influences, together with Afro-Caribbean ones.

question: What is considered the primary language of Bermuda?, answer: English | question: What is a lesser spoken, secondary language in Bermuda?, answer: Portuguese | question: What are the greatest influences to Bermudian culture?, answer: British influences, together with Afro-Caribbean | question: Which cultures claim to be a dominant source of Bermuda's cultural heritage?, answer: Native American, Spanish-Caribbean, English, Irish, and Scots
Bermuda's economy is based on offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism, the two largest economic sectors. Bermuda had one of the world's highest GDP per capita for most of the 20th century and several years beyond. Recently, its economic status has been affected by the global recession. It has a subtropical climate. Bermuda is the northernmost point of the Bermuda Triangle, a region of sea in which, according to legend, a number of aircraft and surface vessels have disappeared under supposedly unexplained or mysterious circumstances. The island is in the hurricane belt and prone to severe weather. However, it is somewhat protected from the full force of a hurricane by the coral reef that surrounds the island.

question: What two business drive Bermuda's economy?, answer: offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism | question: What type of climate does Bermuda have?, answer: subtropical | question: Bermuda stands as a northern point in what susposed area of strange activity and disappearances?, answer: Bermuda Triangle | question: What protects the island from storms?, answer: coral reef that surrounds the island | question: What are Bermuda's largest economic sectors?, answer: insurance and reinsurance, and tourism | question: What occurance is the greatest factor affecting Bermuda's economy?, answer: global recession | question: Why is the Bermuda Triangle an area of interest?, answer: a number of aircraft and surface vessels have disappeared under supposedly unexplained or mysterious circumstances. | question: Why is the island safe from full hurricane devastation?, answer: protected from the full force of a hurricane by the coral reef that surrounds the island. | question: What is the climate of Bermuda?, answer: subtropical
Bermuda's modern black population contains more than one demographic group. Although the number of residents born in Africa is very small, it has tripled between 2000 and 2010 (this group also includes non-blacks). The majority of blacks in Bermuda can be termed "Bermudian blacks", whose ancestry dates back centuries between the 17th century and the end of slavery in 1834, Bermuda's black population was self-sustaining, with its growth resulting largely from natural expansion. This contrasts to the enslaved blacks of the plantation colonies, who were subjected to conditions so harsh as to drop their birth rate below the death rate, and slaveholders in the United States and the West Indies found it necessary to continue importing more enslaved blacks from Africa until the end of slavery (the same had been true for the Native Americans that the Africans had replaced on the New World plantations). The indigenous populations of many West Indian islands, and much of the South-East of what is now the United States that had survived the 16th- and 17th-century epidemics of European-introduced diseases then became the victims of large-scale slave raiding, with much of the region completely depopulated. When the supply of indigenous slaves ran out, the slaveholders looked to Africa). The ancestry of Bermuda's black population is distinguished from that of the British West Indian black population in two ways: firstly, the higher degree of European and Native American admixture; secondly, the source of the African ancestry.

question: What term is used to refer to the majority of black people in Bermuda?, answer: Bermudian blacks | question: Why were so many blacks repeatedly being imported from Africa?, answer: conditions so harsh as to drop their birth rate below the death rate | question: Why can Bermudian blacks trace their ancestry back over centuries in Bermuda?, answer: Bermuda's black population was self-sustaining, with its growth resulting largely from natural expansion | question: What is one way that the ancestry of Bermudian black population differs from that of British West Indian black population?, answer: the source of the African ancestry
Bermuda's national cricket team participated in the Cricket World Cup 2007 in the West Indies. Their most famous player is a 130 kilograms (290 lb) police officer named Dwayne Leverock. But India defeated Bermuda and set a record of 413 runs in a One-Day International (ODI). Bermuda were knocked out of the World Cup. Also very well-known is David Hemp, a former captain of Glamorgan in English first class cricket. The annual "Cup Match" cricket tournament between rival parishes St George's in the east and Somerset in the west is the occasion for a popular national holiday. This tournament began in 1872 when Captain Moresby of the Royal Navy introduced the game to Bermuda, holding a match at Somerset to mark forty years since the unjust thraldom of slavery. The East End versus West End rivalry resulted from the locations of the St. George's Garrison (the original army headquarters in Bermuda) on Barrack Hill, St. George's, and the Royal Naval Dockyard at Ireland Island. Moresby founded the Somerset Cricket Club which plays the St. George's Cricket Club in this game (the membership of both clubs has long been mostly civilian).

question: What Bermuda sport team participated in the 2007 world cup?, answer: national cricket team | question: Who is Bermuda's most popular Cricket player?, answer: Dwayne Leverock | question: Who defeated Bermuda?, answer: India | question: What began in 1872 when the game of cricket was introduced to Bermuda?, answer: annual "Cup Match" | question: Why is there an East End/West End rivalry?, answer: rivalry resulted from the locations
Bermuda's pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters are popular with tourists. Many of Bermuda's hotels are located along the south shore of the island. In addition to its beaches, there are a number of sightseeing attractions. Historic St George's is a designated World Heritage Site. Scuba divers can explore numerous wrecks and coral reefs in relatively shallow water (typically 30–40 ft or 9–12 m in depth), with virtually unlimited visibility. Many nearby reefs are readily accessible from shore by snorkellers, especially at Church Bay.

question: What directional shore of Bermuda is home to the majority of its hotels?, answer: the south shore of the island | question: Bermuda's coral reefs, shipwrecks, and shallow waters are great for what activity in particular?, answer: Scuba | question: Historic St. George's has been given what distinction?, answer: World Heritage Site | question: What odd color of sand draws tourists to Bermuda's beaches?, answer: pink | question: Where are the majority of Bermuda's hotels?, answer: south shore of the island | question: What makes Bermuda a popular tourist destination?, answer: pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters | question: What has St. George been designated as?, answer: World Heritage Site | question: Why are divers attracted to Bermuda?, answer: numerous wrecks and coral reefs in relatively shallow water | question: Why is Bermuda a great place for snorkellers?, answer: Many nearby reefs are readily accessible from shore
Bermudians served in the British armed forces during both World War I and World War II. After the latter, Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert, Bermuda's highest-ranking soldier, was instrumental in developing the Bermuda Regiment. A number of other Bermudians and their descendants had preceded him into senior ranks, including Bahamian-born Admiral Lord Gambier, and Bermudian-born Royal Marines Brigadier Harvey. When promoted to Brigadier at age 39, following his wounding at the Anzio landings, Harvey became the youngest-ever Royal Marine Brigadier. The Cenotaph in front of the Cabinet Building (in Hamilton) was erected in tribute to Bermuda's Great War dead (the tribute was later extended to Bermuda's Second World War dead) and is the site of the annual Remembrance Day commemoration.

question: When did Bermudians serve in the British Armed forces?, answer: World War I and World War II | question: Who was key to establishing Bermuda's Regiment?, answer: Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert | question: Who was the youngest Royal Marine Brigadier?, answer: Brigadier Harvey | question: What is the site for Bermuda's Remembrance Day?, answer: Cenotaph in front of the Cabinet Building
Bern has a population of 140,634 people and 34% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the 10 years between 2000 and 2010, the population changed at a rate of 0.6%. Migration accounted for 1.3%, while births and deaths accounted for −2.1%.

question: What is the population of Bern?, answer: 140,634 | question: What percent of the population are resident foreign nationals?, answer: 34% | question: What was the population change from 2000 and 2010?, answer: .6% | question: What counted for more of the population change?, answer: births and deaths
Bern has an area, as of 2009[update], of 51.62 square kilometers (19.93 sq mi). Of this area, 9.79 square kilometers (3.78 sq mi) or 19.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 17.33 square kilometers (6.69 sq mi) or 33.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 23.25 square kilometers (8.98 sq mi) or 45.0% is settled (buildings or roads), 1.06 square kilometers (0.41 sq mi) or 2.1% is either rivers or lakes and 0.16 square kilometers (0.062 sq mi) or 0.3% is unproductive land.

question: What is 33.6% of the land in Bern?, answer: forested | question: When was the last time the area of Bern was measured?, answer: 2009
Bern has several dozen cinemas. As is customary in Switzerland, films are generally shown in their original language (e.g., English) with German and French subtitles. Only a small number of screenings are dubbed in German.

question: What subtitles are included in the movies?, answer: German and French subtitles
Bern is also served by Bern Airport, located outside the city near the town of Belp. The regional airport, colloquially called Bern-Belp or Belpmoos, is connected to several European cities. Additionally Zürich Airport, Geneva Airport and EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg also serve as international gateways, all reachable within two hours by car or train from Bern.

question: What is the name of Bern's airport?, answer: Bern Airport | question: What is the name of the regional airport?, answer: Bern-Belp or Belpmoos
Bern is built on very uneven ground. There is an elevation difference of several metres between the inner city districts on the Aare (Matte, Marzili) and the higher ones (Kirchenfeld, Länggasse).

question: What type of ground was Bern built on?, answer: uneven ground. | question: What is the elevation difference between the inner cities and the other cities?, answer: several metres | question: Which city is higher, Matte or Langgasse?, answer: Länggasse
Bern is home to 8 libraries. These libraries include; the Schweiz. Nationalbibliothek/ Bibliothèque nationale suisse, the Universitätsbibliothek Bern, the Kornhausbibliotheken Bern, the BFH Wirtschaft und Verwaltung Bern, the BFH Gesundheit, the BFH Soziale Arbeit, the Hochschule der Künste Bern, Gestaltung und Kunst and the Hochschule der Künste Bern, Musikbibliothek. There was a combined total (as of 2008[update]) of 10,308,336 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year a total of 2,627,973 items were loaned out.

question: How many libraries are in Bern?, answer: 8
Bern lies on the Swiss plateau in the Canton of Bern, slightly west of the centre of Switzerland and 20 km (12 mi) north of the Bernese Alps. The countryside around Bern was formed by glaciers during the most recent Ice Age. The two mountains closest to Bern are Gurten with a height of 864 m (2,835 ft) and Bantiger with a height of 947 m (3,107 ft). The site of the old observatory in Bern is the point of origin of the CH1903 coordinate system at 46°57′08.66″N 7°26′22.50″E﻿ / ﻿46.9524056°N 7.4395833°E﻿ / 46.9524056; 7.4395833.

question: Where is Bern located?, answer: the Swiss plateau in the Canton of Bern | question: What helped form the Bern countryside?, answer: glaciers | question: What is the tallest mountain closests to Bern?, answer: Bantiger
Bern was a candidate to host the 2010 Winter Olympics, but withdrew its bid in September 2002 after a referendum was passed that showed that the bid was not supported by locals. Those games were eventually awarded to Vancouver, Canada.

question: What year did Bern want to host the Winter Olympics?, answer: 2010 | question: What year did they withdraw their bid?, answer: 2002 | question: Where were the 2010 Winter Olympics held?, answer: Vancouver, Canada
Bern was occupied by French troops in 1798 during the French Revolutionary Wars, when it was stripped of parts of its territories. It regained control of the Bernese Oberland in 1802, and following the Congress of Vienna of 1814, it newly acquired the Bernese Jura. At this time, it once again became the largest canton of the confederacy as it stood during the Restoration and until the secession of the canton of Jura in 1979. Bern was made the Federal City (seat of the Federal Assembly) within the new Swiss federal state in 1848.

question: What year was Bern occupied by French troops?, answer: 1798 | question: Why were French troops in Bern?, answer: French Revolutionary Wars | question: When did Bern regain control of Bernese Oberland?, answer: 1802 | question: What new territory was aquired in 1814?, answer: Bernese Jura. | question: When did the canton of Jura seceed?, answer: 1979
Bern was the site of the 1954 Football (Soccer) World Cup Final, a huge upset for the Hungarian Golden Team, who were beaten 3–2 by West Germany. The football team BSC Young Boys is based in Bern at the Stade de Suisse Wankdorf, which also was one of the venues for the European football championship 2008 in which it hosted 3 matches.

question: What year was the Football World Cup Final in Bern?, answer: 1954 | question: Who won the game?, answer: West Germany | question: What football team is based in Bern?, answer: BSC Young Boys
Berry Gordy, Jr. founded Motown Records which rose to prominence during the 1960s and early 1970s with acts such as Stevie Wonder, The Temptations, The Four Tops, Smokey Robinson & The Miracles, Diana Ross & The Supremes, the Jackson 5, Martha and the Vandellas, The Spinners, Gladys Knight & the Pips, The Marvelettes, The Elgins, The Monitors, The Velvelettes and Marvin Gaye. Artists were backed by in-house vocalists The Andantes and The Funk Brothers, the Motown house band that was featured in Paul Justman's 2002 documentary film Standing in the Shadows of Motown, based on Allan Slutsky's book of the same name.

question: Who founded Motown records?, answer: Berry Gordy, Jr. | question: Who did a documentary on Motown?, answer: Paul Justman | question: Who wrote a book about Motown?, answer: Allan Slutsky
Bertrand Russell saw the Enlightenment as a phase in a progressive development, which began in antiquity, and that reason and challenges to the established order were constant ideals throughout that time. Russell said that the Enlightenment was ultimately born out of the Protestant reaction against the Catholic counter-reformation, and that philosophical views such as affinity for democracy against monarchy originated among 16th-century Protestants to justify their desire to break away from the Catholic Church. Though many of these philosophical ideals were picked up by Catholics, Russell argues, by the 18th century the Enlightenment was the principal manifestation of the schism that began with Martin Luther.

question: Which philosopher believed that the Enlightenment was ultimately born out of Protestant reaction against the Catholic counter-reformation?, answer: Bertrand Russell | question: Where did Betrand Russell believe views such as affinity for democracy against monarachy originated from?, answer: 16th-century Protestants | question: Who does Betrand Russell started the schism that lead to the Enlightenment?, answer: Martin Luther
Beside the introduction of the lute to Spain (Andalusia) by the Moors, another important point of transfer of the lute from Arabian to European culture was Sicily, where it was brought either by Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians. There were singer-lutenists at the court in Palermo following the Norman conquest of the island from the Muslims, and the lute is depicted extensively in the ceiling paintings in the Palermo’s royal Cappella Palatina, dedicated by the Norman King Roger II of Sicily in 1140. His Hohenstaufen grandson Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194 - 1250) continued integrating Muslims into his court, including Moorish musicians. By the 14th century, lutes had disseminated throughout Italy and, probably because of the cultural influence of the Hohenstaufen kings and emperor, based in Palermo, the lute had also made significant inroads into the German-speaking lands.

question: Who introduced the lute to Spain?, answer: the Moors | question: What country helped transfer the lute from Arabian to European culture?, answer: Sicily | question: Who brought the lute to Sicily?, answer: Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians | question: What court held singer-lutenists after the Norman conquest?, answer: Palermo | question: What building has ceeiling painting dedicated to the lutenists?, answer: Palermo’s royal Cappella Palatina,