In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya ("state of the masses"). Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing led to Libya's label of "international pariah". A particularly hostile relationship developed with the United States and United Kingdom, resulting in the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions. Rejecting his earlier ideological commitments, from 1999 Gaddafi encouraged economic privatization and sought rapprochement with Western nations, also embracing Pan-Africanism and helping to establish the African Union. Amid the Arab Spring, in 2011 an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War. NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC, bringing about the government's downfall. Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants.

question: What does "Jamahiriya" mean?, answer: state of the masses | question: What was Gaddafi's role in jamahiriya?, answer: he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents | question: List two reasons why Libya become an "international pariah.", answer: Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing | question: Name two significant events in 1986 that demonstrated the world's view of Libya., answer: U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions | question: How did Gaddafi lose power?, answer: uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War. NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC | question: What was Libya's socialist government called?, answer: Jamahiriya ("state of the masses") | question: Why did Libya become an "international pariah"?, answer: Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing | question: How did the world respond to Libya in 1986?, answer: U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions. | question: How did Gaddafi lose power?, answer: an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War | question: How did Gaddafi die?, answer: Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants. | question: What does the term Jamahiriya mean in English?, answer: state of the masses | question: In what year did Gaddafi found the Jamahiriya?, answer: 1977 | question: Along with Egypt, what nation did Libya have border issues with in this era?, answer: Chad | question: What terrorist bombing was Gaddafi's Libya supposedly involved in?, answer: Lockerbie | question: In what year did the United states bomb Libya?, answer: 1986