lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In 1911 arsphenamine, the first synthetic anti-infective drug, was developed by Paul Ehrlich and chemist Alfred Bertheim of the Institute of Experimental Therapy in Berlin. The drug was given the commercial name Salvarsan. Ehrlich, noting both the general toxicity of arsenic and the selective absorption of certain dyes by bacteria, hypothesized that an arsenic-containing dye with similar selective absorption properties could be used to treat bacterial infections. Arsphenamine was prepared as part of a campaign to synthesize a series of such compounds, and found to exhibit partially selective toxicity. Arsphenamine proved to be the first effective treatment for syphilis, a disease which prior to that time was incurable and led inexorably to severe skin ulceration, neurological damage, and death.[citation needed]

question: Who developed Arsphenamine?, answer: Paul Ehrlich and chemist Alfred Bertheim | question: What was the first effective treatment for Syphilis?, answer: Arsphenamine | question: What complications are associated with Syphilis?, answer: severe skin ulceration, neurological damage, and death | question: What is Amphetamine's market name?, answer: Institute of Experimental Therapy | question: Where is the Institute of Experimental Therapy located?, answer: Berlin | question: Bacterial infections could be treated with medicines containing what kind of dye?, answer: arsenic | question: What was the name of the first synthetic bacterial drug?, answer: arsphenamine | question: Arsphenamine became the first treatment for what previously incurable disease?, answer: syphilis | question: In what year was arsphenamine discovered?, answer: 1911 | question: What was the commercial name of arsphenamine?, answer: Salvarsan
In 1912, the Republic of China was established and Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated in Nanjing as the first Provisional President. But power in Beijing already had passed to Yuan Shikai, who had effective control of the Beiyang Army, the most powerful military force in China at the time. To prevent civil war and possible foreign intervention from undermining the infant republic, leaders agreed to Army's demand that China be united under a Beijing government. On March 10, in Beijing, Shikai was sworn in as the second Provisional President of the Republic of China.

question: When was the Republic of China established?, answer: 1912 | question: What did China agree to avoid the undermining of the Republic?, answer: agreed to Army's demand that China be united under a Beijing government. | question: Who had control of the Beiyang army?, answer: Yuan Shikai | question: Who was Inaugurated in Nanjing as the first provisional president?, answer: Sun Yat-sen | question: Who was sworn in as the second provisional president of the republic of China?, answer: Beijing, Shikai
In 1913 the Zliten mosaic, a Roman mosaic famous for its many scenes from gladiatorial contests, hunting and everyday life, was discovered in the Libyan town of Zliten. In 2000 archaeologists working in Leptis Magna, Libya, uncovered a 30 ft length of five colorful mosaics created during the 1st or 2nd century AD. The mosaics show a warrior in combat with a deer, four young men wrestling a wild bull to the ground, and a gladiator resting in a state of fatigue, staring at his slain opponent. The mosaics decorated the walls of a cold plunge pool in a bath house within a Roman villa. The gladiator mosaic is noted by scholars as one of the finest examples of mosaic art ever seen — a "masterpiece comparable in quality with the Alexander Mosaic in Pompeii."

question: What scenes are depicted on the Zliten mosaic?, answer: gladiatorial contests | question: When was the Zliten mosaic discovered?, answer: 1913 | question: How long was the mural discovered in Libya?, answer: 30 ft | question: The mosaics uncovered in Libya were from which century?, answer: 1st or 2nd century AD | question: The gladiator mosaic is on par with the Alexander mosaic in which city?, answer: Pompeii
In 1913, Elmer McCollum discovered the first vitamins, fat-soluble vitamin A, and water-soluble vitamin B (in 1915; now known to be a complex of several water-soluble vitamins) and named vitamin C as the then-unknown substance preventing scurvy. Lafayette Mendel and Thomas Osborne also performed pioneering work on vitamins A and B. In 1919, Sir Edward Mellanby incorrectly identified rickets as a vitamin A deficiency because he could cure it in dogs with cod liver oil. In 1922, McCollum destroyed the vitamin A in cod liver oil, but found that it still cured rickets. Also in 1922, H.M. Evans and L.S. Bishop discover vitamin E as essential for rat pregnancy, originally calling it "food factor X" until 1925.

question: What was notable about the discovered vitamin A?, answer: fat-soluble | question: Which property was vitamin B found to have?, answer: water-soluble | question: Which disease was vitamin C claimed to help prevent?, answer: scurvy | question: What was cod liver oil able to help cure in dogs?, answer: rickets | question: What was referred to as "food factor X"?, answer: vitamin E
In 1913, his father was elevated to the nobility for his service to the Austro-Hungarian Empire by Emperor Franz Joseph. The Neumann family thus acquired the hereditary appellation Margittai, meaning of Marghita. The family had no connection with the town; the appellation was chosen in reference to Margaret, as was those chosen coat of arms depicting three marguerites. Neumann János became Margittai Neumann János (John Neumann of Marghita), which he later changed to the German Johann von Neumann.

question: In what year was Von Neumann's father elevated to nobility?, answer: 1913 | question: What Emperor elevated Von Neumann's father to nobility?, answer: Emperor Franz Joseph | question: What town did Von Neumann's family become associated when elevated to nobility?, answer: Marghita | question: What was Von Neumann's given name as member of Austro-Hungarian nobility?, answer: Margittai Neumann János
In 1914, Claridge's Company entered into a joint venture to produce tar-bound macadam, with materials manufactured through a subsidiary company called Clarmac Roads Ltd. Two products resulted, namely Clarmac, and Clarphalte, with the former being manufactured by Clarmac Roads and the latter by Claridge's Patent Asphalte Co., although Clarmac was more widely used.[note 1] However, the First World War impacted financially on the Clarmac Company, which entered into liquidation in 1915. The failure of Clarmac Roads Ltd had a flow-on effect to Claridge's Company, which was itself compulsorily wound up, ceasing operations in 1917, having invested a substantial amount of funds into the new venture, both at the outset, and in a subsequent attempt to save the Clarmac Company.

question: Which of Claridge's two tar macadams was the more successful?, answer: Clarmac | question: When did Claridge's company liquidate?, answer: 1915 | question: What world event caused the end of Claridge's company?, answer: First World War | question: What was the subsidiary company that lead Claridge into ruin?, answer: Clarmac Roads Ltd | question: What kind of money did Claridge invest in attempting to save his companies?, answer: substantial amount
In 1914, Japan joined the Entente during World War I and captured various German Empire colonies, including several in Micronesia. On September 29, 1914, Japanese troops occupied the Enewetak Atoll, and on September 30, 1914, the Jaluit Atoll, the administrative centre of the Marshall Islands. After the war, on June 28, 1919, Germany signed (under protest) the Treaty of Versailles. It renounced all of its Pacific possessions, including the Marshall Islands. On December 17, 1920, the Council of the League of Nations approved the South Pacific Mandate for Japan to take over all former German colonies in the Pacific Ocean located north of the Equator. The Administrative Centre of the Marshall Islands archipelago remained Jaluit.

question: On what date did the Japanese land on Enewetak?, answer: September 29, 1914 | question: What military alliance did the Japanese join in the First World War?, answer: the Entente | question: What did the Japanese occupy on September 30, 1914?, answer: the Jaluit Atoll | question: On what date was the Treaty of Versailles signed?, answer: June 28, 1919 | question: When was the South Pacific Mandate for Japan approved?, answer: December 17, 1920
In 1914, advertising executive Albert Lasker obtained a large block of the club's shares and before the 1916 season assumed majority ownership of the franchise. Lasker brought in a wealthy partner, Charles Weeghman, the proprietor of a popular chain of lunch counters who had previously owned the Chicago Whales of the short-lived Federal League. As principal owners, the pair moved the club from the West Side Grounds to the much newer Weeghman Park, which had been constructed for the Whales only two years earlier, where they remain to this day. The Cubs responded by winning a pennant in the war-shortened season of 1918, where they played a part in another team's curse: the Boston Red Sox defeated Grover Cleveland Alexander's Cubs four games to two in the 1918 World Series, Boston's last Series championship until 2004.

question: Who obtained a large block of the Cub's shares in 1914?, answer: Albert Lasker | question: Who assumed majority ownership of the Cubs franchise by the 1916 season?, answer: Albert Lasker | question: Who did Albert Lasker bring in to be his partner of the Chicago Cubs?, answer: Charles Weeghman | question: Where did the Cubs move to after leaving the West Side Grounds?, answer: Weeghman Park
In 1915, as the Russian Caucasus Army continued to advance into eastern Anatolia, the Ottoman government started the deportation of its ethnic Armenian population, resulting in the death of approximately 1.5 million Armenians in what became known as the Armenian Genocide. The genocide was carried out during and after World War I and implemented in two phases: the wholesale killing of the able-bodied male population through massacre and subjection of army conscripts to forced labour, followed by the deportation of women, children, the elderly and infirm on death marches leading to the Syrian desert. Driven forward by military escorts, the deportees were deprived of food and water and subjected to periodic robbery, rape, and systematic massacre. Large-scale massacres were also committed against the Empire's Greek and Assyrian minorities as part of the same campaign of ethnic cleansing.

question: When did the Russian Caucasus Army advance into eastern Anatolia?, answer: In 1915 | question: What ethnic group was deported by the Ottoman Government from eastern Anatolia?, answer: ethnic Armenian | question: How many ethnic Armenians are believed to have died in the Armenian Genocide?, answer: 1.5 million | question: Armenian women and children were deported on death marches through what desert?, answer: the Syrian desert | question: Two other ethnic minorities were massacred during Ottoman ethnic cleansing, what were they?, answer: Greek and Assyrian minorities
In 1916, he entered the seminary to become a Roman Catholic priest. He was ordained priest on 29 May 1920 in Brescia and celebrated his first Holy Mass in Brescia in the Basilica of Santa Maria delle Grazie. Montini concluded his studies in Milan with a doctorate in Canon Law in the same year. Afterwards he studied at the Gregorian University, the University of Rome La Sapienza and, at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo at the Accademia dei Nobili Ecclesiastici. At the age of twenty-five, again at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo, Montini entered the Secretariat of State in 1922, where he worked under Pizzardo together with Francesco Borgongini-Duca, Alfredo Ottaviani, Carlo Grano, Domenico Tardini and Francis Spellman. Consequently, he spent not a day as a parish priest. In 1925 he helped found the publishing house Morcelliana in Brescia, focused on promoting a 'Christian inspired culture'.

question: In what year did Montini enter the Catholic seminary to become a priest?, answer: 1916 | question: In what field did Montini obtain a doctorate in?, answer: Canon Law | question: In what city did Montini finish his doctoral studies?, answer: Milan | question: At what age did Montini enter the Secretariat of state?, answer: twenty-five | question: Where did Montini continue to study at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo?, answer: Accademia dei Nobili Ecclesiastici
In 1918 Espanyol started a counter-petition against autonomy, which at that time had become a pertinent issue. Later on, an Espanyol supporter group would join the Falangists in the Spanish Civil War, siding with the fascists. Despite these differences in ideology, the derbi has always been more relevant to Espanyol supporters than Barcelona ones due to the difference in objectives. In recent years the rivalry has become less political, as Espanyol translated its official name and anthem from Spanish to Catalan.

question: When did Espanyol offer a counter-petition against autonomy?, answer: 1918 | question: Which civil war group did some Espanyol supporters join?, answer: Falangists | question: What event is more relevant to Espanyol supporters than to Barcelona fans?, answer: derbi | question: From what language did Espanyol translate their name?, answer: Spanish | question: How has the rivalry between Espanyol and Barcelona changed?, answer: less political
In 1919, following the Treaty of Versailles, the city was restituted to France in accordance with U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" without a referendum. The date of the assignment was retroactively established on Armistice Day. It is doubtful whether a referendum in Strasbourg would have ended in France's favour since the political parties striving for an autonomous Alsace or a connection to France accounted only for a small proportion of votes in the last Reichstag as well as in the local elections. The Alsatian autonomists who were pro French had won many votes in the more rural parts of the region and other towns since the annexation of the region by Germany in 1871. The movement started with the first election for the Reichstag; those elected were called "les députés protestataires", and until the fall of Bismarck in 1890, they were the only deputies elected by the Alsatians to the German parliament demanding the return of those territories to France. At the last Reichstag election in Strasbourg and its periphery, the clear winners were the Social Democrats; the city was the administrative capital of the region, was inhabited by many Germans appointed by the central government in Berlin and its flourishing economy attracted many Germans. This could explain the difference between the rural vote and the one in Strasbourg. After the war, many Germans left Strasbourg and went back to Germany; some of them were denounced by the locals or expelled by the newly appointed authorities. The Saverne Affair was vivid in the memory among the Alsatians.

question: What year was it restituted to France?, answer: 1919 | question: What autonomists were pro French?, answer: Alsatian | question: In what year did Bismarck fall?, answer: 1890 | question: Who won the last election at Reichstag?, answer: Social Democrats | question: Who had vivid memories of the Saverne Affair?, answer: Alsatians
In 1919, the frustrations caused by delays to Irish home rule led members of Sinn Féin, a pro-independence party that had won a majority of the Irish seats at Westminster in the 1918 British general election, to establish an Irish assembly in Dublin, at which Irish independence was declared. The Irish Republican Army simultaneously began a guerrilla war against the British administration. The Anglo-Irish War ended in 1921 with a stalemate and the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, creating the Irish Free State, a Dominion within the British Empire, with effective internal independence but still constitutionally linked with the British Crown. Northern Ireland, consisting of six of the 32 Irish counties which had been established as a devolved region under the 1920 Government of Ireland Act, immediately exercised its option under the treaty to retain its existing status within the United Kingdom.

question: When did Ireland establish their own assembly?, answer: 1919 | question: What political party established Ireland's assembly?, answer: Sinn Féin | question: When did the Anglo-Irish War end?, answer: 1921 | question: What treaty was signed after the Anglo-Irish War?, answer: Anglo-Irish Treaty | question: How many counties of Ireland are in Northern Ireland?, answer: six
In 1920 French Equatorial Africa was established and Ubangi-Shari was administered from Brazzaville. During the 1920s and 1930s the French introduced a policy of mandatory cotton cultivation, a network of roads was built, attempts were made to combat sleeping sickness and Protestant missions were established to spread Christianity. New forms of forced labor were also introduced and a large number of Ubangians were sent to work on the Congo-Ocean Railway. Many of these forced laborers died of exhaustion, illness, or the poor conditions which claimed between 20% and 25% of the 127,000 workers.

question: When was Equatorial Africa established?, answer: 1920 | question: Where was Equatorial African ran from?, answer: Brazzaville | question: What plant was mandated to be grown by the French?, answer: cotton | question: What important infrastructure was built in the 1920s., answer: a network of roads | question: What religion was spread through CAR?, answer: Christianity
In 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east. Turkish forces under the command of Kazım Karabekir captured Armenian territories that Russia had annexed in the aftermath of the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War and occupied the old city of Alexandropol (present-day Gyumri). The violent conflict finally concluded with the Treaty of Alexandropol on 2 December 1920. The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces, cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Sèvres, and to give up all the "Wilsonian Armenia" granted to it at the Sèvres treaty. Simultaneously, the Soviet Eleventh Army, under the command of Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze, invaded Armenia at Karavansarai (present-day Ijevan) on 29 November. By 4 December, Ordzhonikidze's forces entered Yerevan and the short-lived Armenian republic collapsed.

question: When was the Treaty of Alexandropol sanctioned?, answer: 2 December 1920 | question: What city did current day Gyumri used to be called?, answer: Alexandropol | question: When did the Armenian republic breakdown?, answer: 4 December | question: Who led the Soviet Eleventh Army?, answer: Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze | question: What year did Turkish nationalists seize the Armenian Republic?, answer: 1920
In 1922, Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy brought profound changes to the colonial government in Italian Eritrea. After il Duce declared the birth of the Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana) administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a "new Roman Empire". Eritrea was chosen by the Italian government to be the industrial center of Italian East Africa.

question: Whose rise to power in 1922 brought profounc change to the government in Italian Eritrea?, answer: Benito Mussolini's | question: When was Italian Eritrea significantly enlarged?, answer: After il Duce declared the birth of the Italian Empire | question: When was the birth of the Italian Empire declared?, answer: May 1936 | question: What was Eritrea chosen to be by the Italian government during the Italian Empire?, answer: industrial center of Italian East Africa | question: What does Africa Orientale Italiana mean?, answer: Italian East Africa
In 1922, Egypt, which had been declared a British protectorate at the outbreak of the First World War, was granted formal independence, though it continued to be a British client state until 1954. British troops remained stationed in Egypt until the signing of the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty in 1936, under which it was agreed that the troops would withdraw but continue to occupy and defend the Suez Canal zone. In return, Egypt was assisted to join the League of Nations. Iraq, a British mandate since 1920, also gained membership of the League in its own right after achieving independence from Britain in 1932. In Palestine, Britain was presented with the problem of mediating between the Arab and Jewish communities. The 1917 Balfour Declaration, which had been incorporated into the terms of the mandate, stated that a national home for the Jewish people would be established in Palestine, and Jewish immigration allowed up to a limit that would be determined by the mandatory power. This led to increasing conflict with the Arab population, who openly revolted in 1936. As the threat of war with Germany increased during the 1930s, Britain judged the support of the Arab population in the Middle East as more important than the establishment of a Jewish homeland, and shifted to a pro-Arab stance, limiting Jewish immigration and in turn triggering a Jewish insurgency.

question: When did Egypt regain formal independence from Britain?, answer: 1922 | question: When did Egypt stop being a British client state?, answer: 1954 | question: What treaty was signed in 1936?, answer: Anglo-Egyptian Treaty | question: When did Iraq gain independence from Britain?, answer: 1932 | question: Britain became more pro-Arab in the 1930s at the expense of which race?, answer: Jewish
In 1922, John Jacob Astor, son of the 1st Viscount Astor, bought The Times from the Northcliffe estate. The paper gained a measure of notoriety in the 1930s with its advocacy of German appeasement; then-editor Geoffrey Dawson was closely allied with those in the government who practised appeasement, most notably Neville Chamberlain.

question: In 1922, who bought The Times?, answer: John Jacob Astor | question: In 1922, which estate sold The Times?, answer: Northcliffe estate | question: The Times gained much notoriety in the 1930s because of its advocacy of what?, answer: German appeasement | question: Which The Times editor was closely allied with the government who practised German appeasement?, answer: Geoffrey Dawson | question: Which notable government official did The Times ally with in the 1930s whom practised German appeasement?, answer: Neville Chamberlain
In 1922, the number of supporters had surpassed 20,000 and by lending money to the club, Barça was able to build the larger Camp de Les Corts, which had an initial capacity of 20,000 spectators. After the Spanish Civil War the club started attracting more members and a larger number of spectators at matches. This led to several expansion projects: the grandstand in 1944, the southern stand in 1946, and finally the northern stand in 1950. After the last expansion, Les Corts could hold 60,000 spectators.

question: What was the number of team Barcelona supporters by 1922?, answer: 20,000 | question: What did Barcelona build in 1922?, answer: Camp de Les Corts | question: How many people could Camp de Les Corts hold?, answer: 20,000 | question: After several expansions how many people could the stadium hold?, answer: 60,000 | question: When was the last expansion of Les Corts?, answer: 1950