lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
A much smaller number of people are insensitive to pain due to an inborn abnormality of the nervous system, known as "congenital insensitivity to pain". Children with this condition incur carelessly-repeated damage to their tongues, eyes, joints, skin, and muscles. Some die before adulthood, and others have a reduced life expectancy.[citation needed] Most people with congenital insensitivity to pain have one of five hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (which includes familial dysautonomia and congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis). These conditions feature decreased sensitivity to pain together with other neurological abnormalities, particularly of the autonomic nervous system. A very rare syndrome with isolated congenital insensitivity to pain has been linked with mutations in the SCN9A gene, which codes for a sodium channel (Nav1.7) necessary in conducting pain nerve stimuli.

question: An abnormality of the nervous system can render a small number of people insensitive to what?, answer: pain | question: What is it known as when someone is born without being able to feel pain because of their nervous system?, answer: congenital insensitivity to pain | question: What happens to children with congenital insensitivity to pain?, answer: repeated damage to their tongues, eyes, joints, skin, and muscles | question: What is the life expectancy for people who can't feel pain?, answer: reduced | question: What gene is responsible for coding for a sodium channel necessary for conducting pain nerve stimuli?, answer: SCN9A
A multilateral treaty is concluded among several countries. The agreement establishes rights and obligations between each party and every other party. Multilateral treaties are often regional.[citation needed] Treaties of "mutual guarantee" are international compacts, e.g., the Treaty of Locarno which guarantees each signatory against attack from another.

question: What is a treaty concluded among several countries?, answer: A multilateral treaty | question: Between which parties does a multilateral treaty establish rights and obligations?, answer: each party and every other party | question: The Treaty of Locarno guarantees each signatory against what from another signatory?, answer: attack | question: What type of treaty is a mutual guarantee?, answer: international compacts | question: Multilateral treaties are often entered into by countries that share the same what?, answer: region
A mummified man, determined to be 5,000 years old, was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian–Italian border in 1991. By the 6th century BC, the Celtic La Tène culture was well established. Hannibal famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants, and the Romans had settlements in the region. In 1800 Napoleon crossed one of the mountain passes with an army of 40,000. The 18th and 19th centuries saw an influx of naturalists, writers, and artists, in particular the Romantics, followed by the golden age of alpinism as mountaineers began to ascend the peaks. In World War II, Adolf Hitler kept a base of operation in the Bavarian Alps throughout the war.

question: How old was the mummified man discovered at the Austrian-Italian bored?, answer: 5,000 years old | question: What culture was well established by the 6th Century BC?, answer: the Celtic La Tène culture | question: Who famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants?, answer: Hannibal | question: What person took an army of 40,000 across the mountain passes?, answer: Napoleon | question: Where was Adolf Hitlers base of operation during World War 2?, answer: Bavarian Alps
A narthex (a portico or entrance hall) for the west front was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens in the mid-20th century but was not built. Images of the abbey prior to the construction of the towers are scarce, though the abbey's official website states that the building was without towers following Yevele's renovation, with just the lower segments beneath the roof level of the Nave completed.

question: What was designed for the west front of the abbey but not built?, answer: A narthex | question: When was the narthex designed?, answer: mid-20th century | question: The abbey was without towers following the renovation by whom?, answer: Yevele
A national university is generally a university created or run by a national state but at the same time represents a state autonomic institution which functions as a completely independent body inside of the same state. Some national universities are closely associated with national cultural or political aspirations, for instance the National University of Ireland in the early days of Irish independence collected a large amount of information on the Irish language and Irish culture. Reforms in Argentina were the result of the University Revolution of 1918 and its posterior reforms by incorporating values that sought for a more equal and laic higher education system.

question: What was a focus of the National University of Ireland during the beginning of Irish Independence?, answer: Irish language and Irish culture | question: In what nation did the University Revolution occur?, answer: Argentina | question: In what year did Argentina's University Revolution occur?, answer: 1918 | question: What was the result of the University Revolution in Argentina?, answer: Reforms
A necessary condition for the aforementioned reciprocity property is that the materials in the antenna and transmission medium are linear and reciprocal. Reciprocal (or bilateral) means that the material has the same response to an electric current or magnetic field in one direction, as it has to the field or current in the opposite direction. Most materials used in antennas meet these conditions, but some microwave antennas use high-tech components such as isolators and circulators, made of nonreciprocal materials such as ferrite. These can be used to give the antenna a different behavior on receiving than it has on transmitting, which can be useful in applications like radar.

question: What must be true of the antenna and transmission medium for the repiprocity rule to apply ?, answer: linear and reciprocal | question: What is one material that does not have this quality?, answer: ferrite | question: How can the lack of this quality be used in an everyday way?, answer: radar | question: What is called when the direction of the elctrical current does not make a difference to the current?, answer: Reciprocal
A new Digimon series was announced 30 months after the end of Digimon Fusion at a 15th anniversary concert and theater event for the franchise in August 2014. The series announced the return of the protagonists from the original Digimon Adventure series, most of them now as high school students. A countdown clicking game was posted on the show's official website, offering news when specific clicks were met. On December 13, 2014 the series title and a key visual featuring character designs by Atsuya Uki were revealed with Keitaro Motonaga announced as director with a tentative premiere date of Spring, 2015. However, on May 6, 2015, it was announced that tri. would not be a television series, but rather a 6-part theatrical film series. The films are being streamed in episodic format outside Japan by Crunchyroll and Hulu from the same day they premiere on Japanese theaters.

question: How long after Digimon Fusion was a new series announced?, answer: 30 months | question: When was the 15th year anniversary held for Digimon?, answer: August 2014 | question: Rather than a TV series, What kind of series would the Digimon become?, answer: 6-part theatrical film series | question: Where are you able to watch the new series when it is released?, answer: Crunchyroll and Hulu
A new approach to avoiding overhead wires is taken by the "second generation" tram/streetcar system in Bordeaux, France (entry into service of the first line in December 2003; original system discontinued in 1958) with its APS (alimentation par sol – ground current feed). This involves a third rail which is flush with the surface like the tops of the running rails. The circuit is divided into segments with each segment energized in turn by sensors from the car as it passes over it, the remainder of the third rail remaining "dead". Since each energized segment is completely covered by the lengthy articulated cars, and goes dead before being "uncovered" by the passage of the vehicle, there is no danger to pedestrians. This system has also been adopted in some sections of the new tram systems in Reims, France (opened 2011) and Angers, France (also opened 2011). Proposals are in place for a number of other new services including Dubai, UAE; Barcelona, Spain; Florence, Italy; Marseille, France; Gold Coast, Australia; Washington, D.C., U.S.A.; Brasília, Brazil and Tours, France.

question: What year the "second generation" of tram system began to operate in France?, answer: 2003 | question: When was the original system discontinued?, answer: 1958 | question: How is the circuit of the third rail divided?, answer: energized segment | question: Does energized segment of third rail pose the threat to pedestrians if uncovered?, answer: no danger
A new delimitation of the federal territory has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949 and even before. Committees and expert commissions advocated a reduction of the number of states; academics (Rutz, Miegel, Ottnad etc.) and politicians (Döring, Apel, and others) made proposals – some of them far-reaching – for redrawing boundaries but hardly anything came of these public discussions. Territorial reform is sometimes propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers.

question: What has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949?, answer: new delimitation of the federal territory | question: What have experts advocated in regards to delimitation?, answer: a reduction of the number of states | question: What is propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers?, answer: Territorial reform
A new delimitation of the federal territory keeps being debated in Germany, though "Some scholars note that there are significant differences among the American states and regional governments in other federations without serious calls for territorial changes ...", as political scientist Arthur B. Gunlicks remarks. He summarizes the main arguments for boundary reform in Germany: "... the German system of dual federalism requires strong Länder that have the administrative and fiscal capacity to implement legislation and pay for it from own source revenues. Too many Länder also make coordination among them and with the federation more complicated ...". But several proposals have failed so far; territorial reform remains a controversial topic in German politics and public perception.

question: What keeps being debated in Germany?, answer: delimitation of the federal territory | question: What does Gunlick remark that the German System of dual federalism requires strong Länder to have other than the capacity to implement legislation?, answer: pay for it from own source revenues | question: How many proposals have failed so far?, answer: several
A new device for granting assent was created during the reign of King Henry VIII. In 1542, Henry sought to execute his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, whom he accused of committing adultery; the execution was to be authorised not after a trial but by a bill of attainder, to which he would have to personally assent after listening to the entire text. Henry decided that "the repetition of so grievous a Story and the recital of so infamous a crime" in his presence "might reopen a Wound already closing in the Royal Bosom". Therefore, parliament inserted a clause into the Act of Attainder, providing that assent granted by Commissioners "is and ever was and ever shall be, as good" as assent granted by the sovereign personally. The procedure was used only five times during the 16th century, but more often during the 17th and 18th centuries, especially when George III's health began to deteriorate. Queen Victoria became the last monarch to personally grant assent in 1854.

question: Why did Henry VIII wish to execute his fifth wife?, answer: committing adultery | question: What was Henry VIII trying to avoid by creating a new procedure for granting assent?, answer: listening to the entire text | question: How many times in the 16th century was assent granted by Commissioners?, answer: five | question: Who was the last monarch to grant assent personally?, answer: Queen Victoria
A new generation of clubs such as Liverpool's Cream and the Ministry of Sound were opened to provide a venue for more commercial sounds. Major record companies began to open "superclubs" promoting their own acts. These superclubs entered into sponsorship deals initially with fast food, soft drinks, and clothing companies. Flyers in clubs in Ibiza often sported many corporate logos. A new subgenre, Chicago hard house, was developed by DJs such as Bad Boy Bill, DJ Lynnwood, DJ Irene, Richard "Humpty" Vission and DJ Enrie, mixing elements of Chicago house, funky house and hard house together. Additionally, Producers such as George Centeno, Darren Ramirez, and Martin O. Cairo would develop the Los Angeles Hard House sound. Similar to gabber or hardcore techno from the Netherlands, this sound was often associated with the "rebel" culture of the time. These 3 producers are often considered "ahead of their time" since many of the sounds they engineered during the late 20th century became more prominent during the 21st century.

question: where was a new type of club called Cream located?, answer: Liverpool | question: what was a new subgenre of house in chicago, developed by bad boy bill and others, called?, answer: Chicago hard house | question: george centeno, darren ramirez, and martin o. cairo developed a hard house sound in what city?, answer: Los Angeles | question: what was another name for hardcore techno from the netherlands?, answer: gabber | question: who began opening "superclubs"?, answer: Major record companies
A new government was appointed on 31 March 2013, which consisted of members of Séléka and representatives of the opposition to Bozizé, one pro-Bozizé individual, and a number representatives of civil society. On 1 April, the former opposition parties declared that they would boycott the government. After African leaders in Chad refused to recognize Djotodia as President, proposing to form a transitional council and the holding of new elections, Djotodia signed a decree on 6 April for the formation of a council that would act as a transitional parliament. The council was tasked with electing a president to serve prior to elections in 18 months.

question: When was the new Government seated in CAR?, answer: 31 March 2013 | question: What did the former opposition parties declare?, answer: boycott the government | question: Who was refused as new president?, answer: Djotodia | question: Who would rule the country temporarily?, answer: a transitional parliament | question: How long did the parliament have until the next election?, answer: 18 months
A new phase in neoclassical design was inaugurated by Robert and James Adam, who travelled in Italy and Dalmatia in the 1750s, observing the ruins of the classical world. On their return to Britain, they published a book entitled The Works in Architecture in installments between 1773 and 1779. This book of engraved designs made the Adam repertory available throughout Europe. The Adam brothers aimed to simplify the rococo and baroque styles which had been fashionable in the preceding decades, to bring what they felt to be a lighter and more elegant feel to Georgian houses. The Works in Architecture illustrated the main buildings the Adam brothers had worked on and crucially documented the interiors, furniture and fittings, designed by the Adams.

question: Who began the new phase of neoclassical design?, answer: Robert and James Adam | question: Where were the inspirations for the new phase of neoclassicism centered?, answer: Italy and Dalmatia | question: What book outlines the new trends of neoclassicism in this phase?, answer: The Works in Architecture | question: During the later 18th century the trend of neoclassic design attempted to simplify what styles?, answer: rococo and baroque styles | question: This new style was an attempt to give what different feel to design?, answer: lighter and more elegant feel
A new style of wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon (GaN-on-Si) is being used to produce white LEDs using 200-mm silicon wafers. This avoids the typical costly sapphire substrate in relatively small 100- or 150-mm wafer sizes. The sapphire apparatus must be coupled with a mirror-like collector to reflect light that would otherwise be wasted. It is predicted that by 2020, 40% of all GaN LEDs will be made with GaN-on-Si. Manufacturing large sapphire material is difficult, while large silicon material is cheaper and more abundant. LED companies shifting from using sapphire to silicon should be a minimal investment.

question: What is being used to produce white LEDs?, answer: wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon | question: What size are the wafers used to create white LEDs?, answer: 200-mm | question: By using silicon wafers, what is being avoided?, answer: costly sapphire substrate | question: What needs to be used to reflect light that would otherwise be wasted?, answer: mirror-like collector | question: By what year will% of all GaN LEDs be made with gallium-nitride-on-silicon wafers?, answer: 2020
A non-Greek origin of Apollo has long been assumed in scholarship. The name of Apollo's mother Leto has Lydian origin, and she was worshipped on the coasts of Asia Minor. The inspiration oracular cult was probably introduced into Greece from Anatolia, which is the origin of Sibyl, and where existed some of the oldest oracular shrines. Omens, symbols, purifications, and exorcisms appear in old Assyro-Babylonian texts, and these rituals were spread into the empire of the Hittites. In a Hittite text is mentioned that the king invited a Babylonian priestess for a certain "purification".

question: Who was Apollo's mother?, answer: Leto | question: What origin was Leto?, answer: Lydian | question: Where was Leto worshipped?, answer: Asia Minor | question: What is the origin of Sibyl?, answer: Anatolia
A nonprofit organization (NPO, also known as a non-business entity) is an organization whose purposes are other than making a profit. A nonprofit organization is often dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view. In economic terms, a nonprofit organization uses its surplus revenues to further achieve its purpose or mission, rather than distributing its surplus income to the organization's shareholders (or equivalents) as profit or dividends. This is known as the distribution constraint. The decision to adopt a nonprofit legal structure is one that will often have taxation implications, particularly where the nonprofit seeks income tax exemption, charitable status and so on.

question: What is the purpose of an NPO?, answer: A nonprofit organization (NPO, also known as a non-business entity) is an organization whose purposes are other than making a profit. | question: What does an NPO do with it's surplus income?, answer: In economic terms, a nonprofit organization uses its surplus revenues to further achieve its purpose or mission | question: What is the constraint's upon an NPO's financial distributions called?, answer: the distribution constraint | question: What is the definition of a non-profit organization?, answer: purposes are other than making a profit | question: What is an NPO also known as?, answer: non-business entity | question: What is the purpose of an NPO?, answer: furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view | question: What does a non-profit do with the money it takes in, instead of using it for a profit?, answer: further achieve its purpose or mission, rather than distributing its surplus income to the organization's shareholders (or equivalents) as profit | question: What is it called when a non-profit uses it's money as it should?, answer: distribution constraint
A nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support. Examples of a nonstandard English dialect are Southern American English, Western Australian English, Scouse and Tyke. The Dialect Test was designed by Joseph Wright to compare different English dialects with each other.

question: What does a nonstandard dialect usually not have compared to a standard dialect?, answer: institutional support | question: What language is Scouse a dialect of?, answer: English | question: What was created for the sake of comparing English dialects?, answer: The Dialect Test | question: Who came up with the Dialect Test?, answer: Joseph Wright | question: Along with a syntax and grammar, what attribute does a dialect possess?, answer: vocabulary
A notable pattern that developed during the 2000s and 2010s has been for certain pop songs to have lengthy runs on AC charts, even after the songs have fallen off the Hot 100. Adrian Moreira, senior vice president for adult music for RCA Music Group, said, "We've seen a fairly tidal shift in what AC will play". Rather than emphasizing older songs, adult contemporary was playing many of the same songs as top 40 and adult top 40, but only after the hits had become established. An article on MTV's website by Corey Moss describes this trend: "In other words, AC stations are where pop songs go to die a very long death. Or, to optimists, to get a second life."

question: What is Adrian Moreira's job title?, answer: senior vice president for adult music | question: For what company does Adrian Moreira work?, answer: RCA Music Group | question: Who wrote, "In other words, AC stations are where pop songs go to die a very long death. Or, to optimists, to get a second life"?, answer: Corey Moss | question: Where was Corey Moss' article published?, answer: MTV's website | question: When do adult contemporary stations begin to play Top 40 songs?, answer: after the hits had become established
A noteworthy development in 20th-century Protestant Christianity was the rise of the modern Pentecostal movement. Sprung from Methodist and Wesleyan roots, it arose out of meetings at an urban mission on Azusa Street in Los Angeles. From there it spread around the world, carried by those who experienced what they believed to be miraculous moves of God there. These Pentecost-like manifestations have steadily been in evidence throughout the history, such as seen in the two Great Awakenings. Pentecostalism, which in turn birthed the Charismatic movement within already established denominations, continues to be an important force in Western Christianity.

question: What modern movement began in the 20th century?, answer: the modern Pentecostal movement | question: What were the roots of the modern Pentecostal movement?, answer: Methodist and Wesleyan | question: What movement did Pentecostalism create?, answer: the Charismatic movement | question: In what city did the modern Pentecostal movement begin?, answer: Los Angeles | question: What type of mission was the birthplace of the modern Pentecostal movement?, answer: urban