lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The CIA had different demands placed on it by the different bodies overseeing it. Truman wanted a centralized group to organize the information that reached him, the Department of Defense wanted military intelligence and covert action, and the State Department wanted to create global political change favorable to the US. Thus the two areas of responsibility for the CIA were covert action and covert intelligence. One of the main targets for intelligence gathering was the Soviet Union, which had also been a priority of the CIA's predecessors.

question: Who wanted the CIA to have a central group that organized information for him?, answer: Truman | question: What did the Department of defense want from the CIA?, answer: military intelligence and covert action | question: What was the State Department hoping for the CIA to do?, answer: create global political change favorable to the US | question: What was one of the main targets of intelligence gathering?, answer: the Soviet Union
The CIPA DC-004 standard requires that Japanese manufacturers of digital still cameras use either the REI or SOS techniques, and DC-008 updates the Exif specification to differentiate between these values. Consequently, the three EI techniques carried over from ISO 12232:1998 are not widely used in recent camera models (approximately 2007 and later). As those earlier techniques did not allow for measurement from images produced with lossy compression, they cannot be used at all on cameras that produce images only in JPEG format.

question: Which methods are required by CIPA DC-004?, answer: REI or SOS techniques | question: In what year did the three EI techniques from ISO 12232:1998 largely stop being used?, answer: approximately 2007 and later | question: With what cameras can earlier techniques not be used?, answer: cameras that produce images only in JPEG format | question: What nation's cameras does the CIPA DC-004 apply to?, answer: Japanese | question: What does the DC-008 change?, answer: the Exif specification
The CJK ideographs currently have codes only for their precomposed form. Still, most of those ideographs comprise simpler elements (often called radicals in English), so in principle, Unicode could have decomposed them, as it did with Hangul. This would have greatly reduced the number of required code points, while allowing the display of virtually every conceivable ideograph (which might do away with some of the problems caused by Han unification). A similar idea is used by some input methods, such as Cangjie and Wubi. However, attempts to do this for character encoding have stumbled over the fact that ideographs do not decompose as simply or as regularly as Hangul does.

question: The CJK ideographs comprise simpler elements called what in English?, answer: radicals | question: Why have ideographs been unable to be simplified like Hangul?, answer: ideographs do not decompose as simply or as regularly | question: What would be the benefit of Unicode decomposing ideographs?, answer: greatly reduced the number of required code points
The CPU contains a special set of memory cells called registers that can be read and written to much more rapidly than the main memory area. There are typically between two and one hundred registers depending on the type of CPU. Registers are used for the most frequently needed data items to avoid having to access main memory every time data is needed. As data is constantly being worked on, reducing the need to access main memory (which is often slow compared to the ALU and control units) greatly increases the computer's speed.

question: What part of the computer has memory cells called registers?, answer: The CPU | question: What is the typical range of registers for a CPU?, answer: two and one hundred registers
The CTAG (Latvian: Cilvēktiesību aizstāvības grupa, Human Rights Defense Group) Helsinki-86 was founded in July 1986 in the Latvian port town of Liepāja by three workers: Linards Grantiņš, Raimonds Bitenieks, and Mārtiņš Bariss. Its name refers to the human-rights statements of the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki-86 was the first openly anti-Communist organization in the U.S.S.R., and the first openly organized opposition to the Soviet regime, setting an example for other ethnic minorities' pro-independence movements.[citation needed]

question: What party was Helsinki-86 in disagreement with?, answer: Communist | question: What group was the first to oppose the Soviet government publicly?, answer: Helsinki-86 | question: Who created the CTAG?, answer: Linards Grantiņš, Raimonds Bitenieks, and Mārtiņš Bariss.
The Café Procope was established in Paris in 1686; by the 1720s there were around 400 cafés in the city. The Café Procope in particular became a center of Enlightenment, welcoming such celebrities as Voltaire and Rousseau. The Café Procope was where Diderot and D'Alembert decided to create the Encyclopédie. The cafés were one of the various "nerve centers" for bruits publics, public noise or rumour. These bruits were allegedly a much better source of information than were the actual newspapers available at the time.

question: Where was the Cafe Procope established in 1686?, answer: Paris | question: By the 1720s. how many cafes were in Paris?, answer: around 400 | question: In which Cafe was the Encyclopedie created?, answer: The Café Procope | question: Were bruits or newspapers allegedly a better source of information?, answer: bruits
The Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow. Continental drift rates may have been anomalously high. Laurentia, Baltica and Siberia remained independent continents following the break-up of the supercontinent of Pannotia. Gondwana started to drift toward the South Pole. Panthalassa covered most of the southern hemisphere, and minor oceans included the Proto-Tethys Ocean, Iapetus Ocean and Khanty Ocean.

question: At what rough time did the Cambrian era start?, answer: 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. | question: What were the continents of the Cambrian area believed to have formerly been a part of?, answer: Pannotia | question: What continent moved to the southern-most part of the earth in the Cambrian era?, answer: Gondwana | question: What continent ranged over the majority of the southern hemisphere of earth in the Cambrian?, answer: Panthalassa | question: Baltica and Sibera are examples of what thing, during the Cambrian era?, answer: independent continents
The Cambridge Rules, first drawn up at Cambridge University in 1848, were particularly influential in the development of subsequent codes, including association football. The Cambridge Rules were written at Trinity College, Cambridge, at a meeting attended by representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shrewsbury schools. They were not universally adopted. During the 1850s, many clubs unconnected to schools or universities were formed throughout the English-speaking world, to play various forms of football. Some came up with their own distinct codes of rules, most notably the Sheffield Football Club, formed by former public school pupils in 1857, which led to formation of a Sheffield FA in 1867. In 1862, John Charles Thring of Uppingham School also devised an influential set of rules.

question: Which rules were influential to the codes of association football?, answer: Cambridge Rules | question: Which college where the Cambridge Rules written at?, answer: Trinity College | question: In what year did John Charles Thring come up with rules that were influential?, answer: 1862 | question: What year did the Sheffield FA form?, answer: 1867 | question: What year were the Cambridge Rules first drawn up?, answer: 1848
The Canadian football field is 150 yards (137 m) long and 65 yards (59 m) wide with end zones 20 yards (18 m) deep, and goal lines 110 yards (101 m) apart. At each goal line is a set of 40-foot-high (12 m) goalposts, which consist of two uprights joined by an 18 1⁄2-foot-long (5.6 m) crossbar which is 10 feet (3 m) above the goal line. The goalposts may be H-shaped (both posts fixed in the ground) although in the higher-calibre competitions the tuning-fork design (supported by a single curved post behind the goal line, so that each post starts 10 feet (3 m) above the ground) is preferred. The sides of the field are marked by white sidelines, the goal line is marked in white, and white lines are drawn laterally across the field every 5 yards (4.6 m) from the goal line. These lateral lines are called "yard lines" and often marked with the distance in yards from and an arrow pointed toward the nearest goal line. In previous decades, arrows were not used and every yard line was usually marked with the distance to the goal line, including the goal line itself which was marked with a "0"; in most stadiums today, the 10-, 20-, 30-, 40-, and 50-yard lines are marked with numbers, with the goal line sometimes being marked with a "G". The centre (55-yard) line usually is marked with a "C". "Hash marks" are painted in white, parallel to the yardage lines, at 1 yard (0.9 m) intervals, 24 yards (21.9 m) from the sidelines. On fields that have a surrounding running track, such as Commonwealth Stadium, Molson Stadium, and many universities, the end zones are often cut off in the corners to accommodate the track. In 2014, Edmonton placed turf over the track to create full end zones. This was particularly common among U.S.-based teams during the CFL's American expansion, where few American stadiums were able to accommodate the much longer and noticeably wider CFL field.

question: How many yards wide is a Canadian football field?, answer: 65 | question: How long in meters is the crossbar of a Canadian football goal?, answer: 5.6 | question: What part of a Canadian football field was sometimes marked with a "G"?, answer: goal line | question: What distance from the sidelines are hash marks painted on a CFL field?, answer: 24 yards (21.9 m)
The Candidate Conservation Agreement is closely related to the "Safe Harbor" agreement, the main difference is that the Candidate Conservation Agreements With Assurances(CCA) are meant to protect unlisted species by providing incentives to private landowners and land managing agencies to restore, enhance or maintain habitat of unlisted species which are declining and have the potential to become threatened or endangered if critical habitat is not protected. The FWS will then assure that if, in the future the unlisted species becomes listed, the landowner will not be required to do more than already agreed upon in the CCA.

question: How do Candidate Conservation Agreements differ from Safe Harbor agreements?, answer: Candidate Conservation Agreements With Assurances(CCA) are meant to protect unlisted species | question: How does a CCA help protect a private landowner?, answer: if, in the future the unlisted species becomes listed, the landowner will not be required to do more than already agreed upon in the CCA. | question: How does a CCA impact unlisted species?, answer: enhance or maintain habitat of unlisted species which are declining and have the potential to become threatened or endangered
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory kindergarten, followed by six years of primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower secondary school where the pupils are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower secondary pupils may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

question: Do you have to go to the one year of kindergarten?, answer: non | question: What seperates the children in secondary school?, answer: ability and aptitude
The Carboniferous was a time of active mountain building, as the supercontinent Pangea came together. The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent Gondwana, which collided with North America-Europe (Laurussia) along the present line of eastern North America. This continental collision resulted in the Hercynian orogeny in Europe, and the Alleghenian orogeny in North America; it also extended the newly uplifted Appalachians southwestward as the Ouachita Mountains. In the same time frame, much of present eastern Eurasian plate welded itself to Europe along the line of the Ural mountains. There were two major oceans in the Carboniferous the Panthalassa and Paleo-Tethys. Other minor oceans were shrinking and eventually closed the Rheic Ocean (closed by the assembly of South and North America), the small, shallow Ural Ocean (which was closed by the collision of Baltica, and Siberia continents, creating the Ural Mountains) and Proto-Tethys Ocean.

question: What geologic events took place when Pangea combined during the Carboniferous?, answer: mountain building | question: What was the continent that came to be North America and Europe called during the Carboniferous?, answer: Laurussia | question: What was the effect of Laurussia impacting Gondwana in North America?, answer: the Alleghenian orogeny | question: The mountains forming to the southwest of the Appalachians in the Carboniferous are known as what?, answer: the Ouachita Mountains | question: Which two large oceans existed during the Carboniferous period?, answer: the Panthalassa and Paleo-Tethys
The Caribbean initially provided England's most important and lucrative colonies, but not before several attempts at colonisation failed. An attempt to establish a colony in Guiana in 1604 lasted only two years, and failed in its main objective to find gold deposits. Colonies in St Lucia (1605) and Grenada (1609) also rapidly folded, but settlements were successfully established in St. Kitts (1624), Barbados (1627) and Nevis (1628). The colonies soon adopted the system of sugar plantations successfully used by the Portuguese in Brazil, which depended on slave labour, and—at first—Dutch ships, to sell the slaves and buy the sugar. To ensure that the increasingly healthy profits of this trade remained in English hands, Parliament decreed in 1651 that only English ships would be able to ply their trade in English colonies. This led to hostilities with the United Dutch Provinces—a series of Anglo-Dutch Wars—which would eventually strengthen England's position in the Americas at the expense of the Dutch. In 1655, England annexed the island of Jamaica from the Spanish, and in 1666 succeeded in colonising the Bahamas.

question: When did England first establish a colony in Guiana?, answer: 1604 | question: When did England first establish a colony in St. Lucia?, answer: 1605 | question: When did England annex the island of Jamaica from the Spanish?, answer: 1655 | question: When did England colonize the Bahamas?, answer: 1666 | question: What was the goal of England's colony in Guiana?, answer: to find gold deposits
The Carnival continued its evolution in small/unimportant towns out of view of the rulers. The result was the uninterrupted celebration of Carnival festivals in Barranquilla (see Barranquilla's Carnival) now recognized as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. The Barranquilla Carnival includes several parades on Friday and Saturday nights beginning on 11 January and ending with a six-day non-stop festival, beginning the Wednesday prior to Ash Wednesday and ending Tuesday midnight. Other celebrations occur in villages along the lower Magdalena River in northern Colombia, and in Pasto, Nariño (see Blacks and Whites' Carnival) in the south of the country. In the early 20th century, attempts to introduce Carnival in Bogotá were rejected by the government. The Bogotá Carnival was renewed in the 21st century.

question: Where did the Carnival gestate out of the purview of rules?, answer: in small/unimportant towns | question: How many days does the non-stop festival go?, answer: six | question: The uninterrupted celebration of Carnival festivals in Barranquilla is now recognized as what?, answer: one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity | question: Who rejected attempts to introduce the Carnival in Bogotá?, answer: the government
The Carnival in Uruguay covers more than 40 days, generally beginning towards the end of January and running through mid March. Celebrations in Montevideo are the largest. The festival is performed in the European parade style with elements from Bantu and Angolan Benguela cultures imported with slaves in colonial times. The main attractions of Uruguayan Carnival include two colorful parades called Desfile de Carnaval (Carnival Parade) and Desfile de Llamadas (Calls Parade, a candombe-summoning parade).

question: How many days does the Carnival in Uruguay last for?, answer: more than 40 | question: What parade style does Uruguay's festival ape?, answer: European | question: What were the stylistic elements of the parade imported with in colonial times?, answer: slaves | question: What are the main attractions of the Uruguayan Carnival?, answer: two colorful parades | question: What is summoned by the Desfile de Llamadas parade?, answer: candombe
The Carnival of Malmedy is locally called Cwarmê. Even if Malmedy is located in the east Belgium, near the German-speaking area, the Cwarmê is a pure walloon and Latin carnival. The celebration takes place during 4 days before the Shrove Tuesday. The Cwarmê Sunday is the most important and insteresting to see. All the old traditional costumes parade in the street. The Cwarmê is a "street carnival" and is not only a parade. People who are disguised pass through the crowd and perform a part of the traditional costume they wear. The famous traditional costumes at the Cwarmê of Malmedy are the Haguète, the Longuès-Brèsses and the Long-Né.

question: Whose Carnival is known local as Cwarmê?, answer: Malmedy | question: Despite being located in East Belgium, Malmedy's Carnival harks purely to what area?, answer: Latin | question: How many days does Malmedy's festival take place before Shrove Tuesday?, answer: 4 | question: Where can all the traditional costumes be seen parading on the Sunday of the festival?, answer: in the street | question: What do disguised people pass through during the festival?, answer: the crowd
The Carnival of Vilanova i la Geltrú has documented history from 1790 and is one of the richest in the variety of its acts and rituals. It adopts an ancient style in which satire, the grotesque body (particularly cross-dressing and displays of exaggerated bellies, noses and phalli) and above all, active participation are valued over glamorous, media-friendly spectacles that Vilanovins mock as "thighs and feathers". It is best known for Les Comparses (held on Sunday), a tumultuous dance in which 12,000 or more dancers organized into rival groups throw 75 tons of hard candies at one other. The women protect their faces with Mantons de Manila (Manila shawls) but eye-patches and slings for broken arms are common the following week. Vilanovins organize an elaborate ritual for the arrival of King Carnival called l'Arrivo that changes every year. It includes a raucous procession of floats and dancers lampooning current events or public figures and a bitingly satiric sermon (el sermo) delivered by the King himself. On Dijous Gras, Vilanovin children are excused from school to participate in the Merengada, a day-long scene of eating and fighting with sticky, sweet meringue.

question: What city's carnival has documented history from 1790?, answer: Vilanova i la Geltrú | question: What do the Vilanovins mock the media friendly Carnivals as being about?, answer: "thighs and feathers" | question: In what dance do the participants lob more than 75 tons of hard candy at each other?, answer: Les Comparses | question: What do dancers lampoon in the ritual heralding the coming of King Carnival?, answer: current events or public figures | question: What's the name of the day-long agenda of eating and fighting with meringue?, answer: Merengada
The Carolingian dynasty, as the successors to Charles Martel are known, officially took control of the kingdoms of Austrasia and Neustria in a coup of 753 led by Pippin III (r. 752–768). A contemporary chronicle claims that Pippin sought, and gained, authority for this coup from Pope Stephen II (pope 752–757). Pippin's takeover was reinforced with propaganda that portrayed the Merovingians as inept or cruel rulers, exalted the accomplishments of Charles Martel, and circulated stories of the family's great piety. At the time of his death in 768, Pippin left his kingdom in the hands of his two sons, Charles (r. 768–814) and Carloman (r. 768–771). When Carloman died of natural causes, Charles blocked the succession of Carloman's young son and installed himself as the king of the united Austrasia and Neustria. Charles, more often known as Charles the Great or Charlemagne, embarked upon a programme of systematic expansion in 774 that unified a large portion of Europe, eventually controlling modern-day France, northern Italy, and Saxony. In the wars that lasted beyond 800, he rewarded allies with war booty and command over parcels of land. In 774, Charlemagne conquered the Lombards, which freed the papacy from the fear of Lombard conquest and marked the beginnings of the Papal States.[L]

question: What dynasty consisted of descendants of Charles Martel?, answer: Carolingian | question: In what year did the Carolingians take over Neustria?, answer: 753 | question: Who led the coup that gained control over Austrasia?, answer: Pippin III | question: When did Stephen II become pope?, answer: 752 | question: Along with Charles, who was the son of Pippin?, answer: Carloman
The Castro culture ('Culture of the Castles') developed during the Iron Age, and flourished during the second half of the first millennium BC. It is usually considered a local evolution of the Atlantic Bronze Age, with later developments and influences and overlapping into the Roman era. Geographically, it corresponds to the people Roman called Gallaeci, which were composed by a large series of nations or tribes, among them the Artabri, Bracari, Limici, Celtici, Albiones and Lemavi. They were capable fighters: Strabo described them as the most difficult foes the Romans encountered in conquering Lusitania, while Appian mentions their warlike spirit, noting that the women bore their weapons side by side with their men, frequently preferring death to captivity. According to Pomponius Mela all the inhabitants of the coastal areas were Celtic people.

question: What does the Castro culture's name mean?, answer: Culture of the Castles | question: When did the Castro culture flourish?, answer: second half of the first millennium BC. | question: Who mentioned the ancient Galician's "warlike spirit"?, answer: Appian | question: Who was it that described people living on the coast as "Celtic"?, answer: Pomponius Mela
The Catalan verbal system is basically common to all Western Romance, except that most dialects have replaced the synthetic indicative perfect with a periphrastic form of anar ("to go") + infinitive.

question: What system is common to Western Romance?, answer: Catalan verbal system | question: What have many dialects replaced?, answer: synthetic indicative perfect | question: What is the Catalan verbal system common to?, answer: all Western Romance