lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Located in Yangtze River Delta area and the center of East China, Nanjing is home to one of the world's largest inland ports. Nanjing is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure, enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province. Nanjing has been ranked seventh in the evaluation of "Cities with Strongest Comprehensive Strength" issued by the National Statistics Bureau, and second in the evaluation of cities with most sustainable development potential in the Yangtze River Delta. It has also been awarded the title of 2008 Habitat Scroll of Honour of China, Special UN Habitat Scroll of Honour Award and National Civilized City. Nanjing boasts many high-quality universities and research institutes, with the number of universities listed in 100 National Key Universities ranking third, including Nanjing University. The ratio of college students to total population ranks No.1 among large cities nationwide. Nanjing is one of the three Chinese top research centres according to Nature Index.

question: What part of China (North, East, South, West) is Nanjing located?, answer: East | question: What does Nanjing have that is considered one of the world's biggest?, answer: inland ports | question: What river is Nanjing associated with?, answer: Yangtze River | question: What city was awarded the 2008 Habitat Scroll of Honour of China?, answer: Nanjing
Located in the American South, Houston is a diverse city with a large and growing international community. The metropolitan area is home to an estimated 1.1 million (21.4 percent) residents who were born outside the United States, with nearly two-thirds of the area's foreign-born population from south of the United States–Mexico border. Additionally, more than one in five foreign-born residents are from Asia. The city is home to the nation's third-largest concentration of consular offices, representing 86 countries.

question: In what part of the United States is Houston located?, answer: South | question: What part of the Houston population is growing?, answer: international community | question: How many of the people who live in Houston were foreign born?, answer: 1.1 million | question: What percentage of Houston's foreign born population is from south of the U.S.-Mexican border?, answer: two-thirds | question: How many foreign born Houstonites are from Asia?, answer: one in five
Located in the Laurelhurst neighborhood, Seattle Children's, formerly Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, is the pediatric referral center for Washington, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho. The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center has a campus in the Eastlake neighborhood. The University District is home to the University of Washington Medical Center which, along with Harborview, is operated by the University of Washington. Seattle is also served by a Veterans Affairs hospital on Beacon Hill, a third campus of Swedish in Ballard, and Northwest Hospital and Medical Center near Northgate Mall.

question: What kind of hospital is Seattle Children's?, answer: pediatric referral center | question: Besides serving Washington, Idaho, and Montana, what northern state uses Seattle Children's?, answer: Alaska | question: What entity operates Harborview?, answer: University of Washington | question: In what neighborhood is the Fred Hutchington Cancer Research Center located?, answer: Eastlake | question: Where is the Veterans Affairs Hospital located?, answer: Beacon Hill
Located in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, more than 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) from the nearest major landmass, Saint Helena is one of the most remote places in the world. The nearest port on the continent is Namibe in southern Angola, and the nearest international airport the Quatro de Fevereiro Airport of Angola's capital Luanda; connections to Cape Town in South Africa are used for most shipping needs, such as the mail boat that serves the island, the RMS St Helena. The island is associated with two other isolated islands in the southern Atlantic, also British territories: Ascension Island about 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) due northwest in more equatorial waters and Tristan da Cunha, which is well outside the tropics 2,430 kilometres (1,510 mi) to the south. The island is situated in the Western Hemisphere and has the same longitude as Cornwall in the United Kingdom. Despite its remote location, it is classified as being in West Africa by the United Nations.

question: What is the nearest port to Saint Helena?, answer: Namibe | question: What is the closest international airport to Saint Helena called?, answer: the Quatro de Fevereiro Airport | question: What is the mail boat that serves the island called?, answer: RMS St Helena | question: What hemisphere is the island located in?, answer: Western | question: What area is the island classified as being in by the United Nations?, answer: West Africa
Locke is known for his statement that individuals have a right to "Life, Liberty and Property", and his belief that the natural right to property is derived from labor. Tutored by Locke, Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury wrote in 1706: "There is a mighty Light which spreads its self over the world especially in those two free Nations of England and Holland; on whom the Affairs of Europe now turn". Locke's theory of natural rights has influenced many political documents, including the United States Declaration of Independence and the French National Constituent Assembly's Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

question: Who is known for his statement that individuals have a right to "Life, Liberty and Property"?, answer: Locke | question: Locke believed that the natural right to property is derived from what?, answer: labor | question: Locke's theory of natural rights influenced what French document?, answer: French National Constituent Assembly's Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Logan Airport, located in East Boston and operated by the Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport), is Boston's principal airport. Nearby general aviation airports are Beverly Municipal Airport to the north, Hanscom Field to the west, and Norwood Memorial Airport to the south. Massport also operates several major facilities within the Port of Boston, including a cruise ship terminal and facilities to handle bulk and container cargo in South Boston, and other facilities in Charlestown and East Boston.

question: What Airport is located in East Boston?, answer: Logan Airport | question: Who operates Logan Airport?, answer: Massport | question: What is the name of Bostons main airport?, answer: Logan Airport | question: What airport is North of Logan Airport?, answer: Beverly Municipal Airport | question: What airport is south of Logan Airport?, answer: Norwood Memorial Airport
Loge continued during October. According to German sources, 9,000 short tons (8,200 t) of bombs were dropped in that month, of which about 10 percent of which was dropped in daylight. Over 6,000 short tons (5,400 t) was aimed at London during the night. Attacks on Birmingham and Coventry were subject to 500 short tons (450 t) of bombs between them in the last 10 days of October. Liverpool suffered 200 short tons (180 t) of bombs dropped. Hull and Glasgow were attacked, but 800 short tons (730 t) of bombs were spread out all over Britain. The Metropolitan-Vickers works in Manchester was targeted and 12 short tons (11 t) of bombs dropped against it. Little tonnage was dropped on Fighter Command airfields; Bomber Command airfields were hit instead.

question: How much of the short tons of bombs were dropped during the day?, answer: 10 percent | question: What two cities had 500 short tons of bombs dropped on them during the end of October?, answer: Birmingham and Coventry | question: What was targeted with 12 short tons of bombs?, answer: The Metropolitan-Vickers works in Manchester | question: Which was targeted more heavily, bomber or fighter command airfields?, answer: Bomber Command airfields | question: Liverpool had how many short tons dropped on it?, answer: 200
Logging was Seattle's first major industry, but by the late 19th century the city had become a commercial and shipbuilding center as a gateway to Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush. By 1910, Seattle was one of the 25 largest cities in the country. However, the Great Depression severely damaged the city's economy. Growth returned during and after World War II, due partially to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, with companies like Microsoft becoming established in the region. In 1994 the Internet retail giant Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, which increased the city's population by almost 50,000 between 1990 and 2000.

question: To what golden event was Seattle the portal?, answer: Klondike Gold Rush | question: Which large technology giant established its home base in Seattle?, answer: Microsoft | question: In what area was the Klondike Gold Rush located?, answer: Alaska | question: What was Seattle's first primary money maker?, answer: Logging | question: What was the airplane company that helped Seattle return to economic stability?, answer: Boeing
Logic operations involve Boolean logic: AND, OR, XOR, and NOT. These can be useful for creating complicated conditional statements and processing boolean logic.

question: Boolean logic consists of what?, answer: AND, OR, XOR, and NOT
Logical empiricism (also logical positivism or neopositivism) was an early 20th-century attempt to synthesize the essential ideas of British empiricism (e.g. a strong emphasis on sensory experience as the basis for knowledge) with certain insights from mathematical logic that had been developed by Gottlob Frege and Ludwig Wittgenstein. Some of the key figures in this movement were Otto Neurath, Moritz Schlick and the rest of the Vienna Circle, along with A.J. Ayer, Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach.

question: What are other terms for logical empiricism?, answer: logical positivism or neopositivism | question: When was logical empricism formulated?, answer: early 20th-century | question: What did logical empiricism try to combine with mathematical logic?, answer: British empiricism | question: What was Otto Neurath an important member of?, answer: Logical empiricism | question: What was AJ Ayer an important member of?, answer: Logical empiricism
Logically, no number of positive outcomes at the level of experimental testing can confirm a scientific theory, but a single counterexample is logically decisive: it shows the theory, from which the implication is derived, to be false. To say that a given statement (e.g., the statement of a law of some scientific theory) -- [call it "T"] -- is "falsifiable" does not mean that "T" is false. Rather, it means that, if "T" is false, then (in principle), "T" could be shown to be false, by observation or by experiment. Popper's account of the logical asymmetry between verification and falsifiability lies at the heart of his philosophy of science. It also inspired him to take falsifiability as his criterion of demarcation between what is, and is not, genuinely scientific: a theory should be considered scientific if, and only if, it is falsifiable. This led him to attack the claims of both psychoanalysis and contemporary Marxism to scientific status, on the basis that their theories are not falsifiable.

question: Popper pointed out an important logical asymmetry between what two concepts?, answer: verification and falsifiability | question: What does Popper say demarcates scientific theory from non-science?, answer: falsifiability | question: What political theory did Popper say did not meet his falsifiability criterion?, answer: Marxism | question: What branch of psychology was Popper critical of for not producing falsifiable theory?, answer: psychoanalysis
London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT). Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library and 40 West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.

question: What is one of London's World Heritage Sites?, answer: Westminster Abbey | question: Where is the British Museum located?, answer: London | question: Are there any bridges located in London?, answer: Tower Bridge | question: What is the name of one of the libraries located in London?, answer: British Library | question: What is the name of the oldest underground railway in the world?, answer: The London Underground | question: How many theaters does London's West End have?, answer: 40 | question: Where does Greenwich Mean Time marked?, answer: the Royal Observatory, Greenwich | question: What famous palace is located in London?, answer: Buckingham Palace | question: What is the name of the world's oldest underground railway?, answer: The London Underground | question: How many World Heritage Sites can be found in London?, answer: four
London has a diverse range of peoples and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken within Greater London. The Office for National Statistics estimated its mid-2014 population to be 8,538,689, the largest of any municipality in the European Union, and accounting for 12.5 percent of the UK population. London's urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants according to the 2011 census. The city's metropolitan area is one of the most populous in Europe with 13,879,757 inhabitants,[note 4] while the Greater London Authority states the population of the city-region (covering a large part of the south east) as 22.7 million. London was the world's most populous city from around 1831 to 1925.

question: How many different languages are spoken in London?, answer: 300 | question: What was the population in London in 2014?, answer: 8,538,689 | question: Where does London's urban area rank in terms of population within the EU?, answer: second most | question: How many people are in London's Metropolitan area?, answer: 13,879,757 | question: What years was London considered the world's most populous city?, answer: 1831 to 1925 | question: From the 2011 census, London is second in population in the EU to which city?, answer: Paris | question: During what time did London have the world's largest population, city-wise?, answer: around 1831 to 1925 | question: Approximately how many languages are spoken in the Greater London area?, answer: more than 300 | question: As of mid-2014, London's population forms what percentage of the entire United Kingdom population?, answer: 12.5 | question: What is the population of metropolitan London?, answer: 13,879,757
London has been the setting for many works of literature. The literary centres of London have traditionally been hilly Hampstead and (since the early 20th century) Bloomsbury. Writers closely associated with the city are the diarist Samuel Pepys, noted for his eyewitness account of the Great Fire, Charles Dickens, whose representation of a foggy, snowy, grimy London of street sweepers and pickpockets has been a major influence on people's vision of early Victorian London, and Virginia Woolf, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the 20th century.

question: Who witnessed first-hand and wrote about the Great Fire of 1666?, answer: Samuel Pepys | question: What area has historically been the literary hub of London?, answer: Hampstead | question: A more current, 20th century center for London's literary set is located where?, answer: Bloomsbury | question: Which author's novels painted a dismal portrait of Victorian London?, answer: Charles Dickens | question: What female writer is one of the leading literary minds of the 20th century?, answer: Virginia Woolf
London has numerous venues for rock and pop concerts, including the world's busiest arena the o2 arena and other large arenas such as Earls Court, Wembley Arena, as well as many mid-sized venues, such as Brixton Academy, the Hammersmith Apollo and the Shepherd's Bush Empire. Several music festivals, including the Wireless Festival, South West Four, Lovebox, and Hyde Park's British Summer Time are all held in London. The city is home to the first and original Hard Rock Cafe and the Abbey Road Studios where The Beatles recorded many of their hits. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, musicians and groups like Elton John, Pink Floyd, David Bowie, Queen, The Kinks, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Eric Clapton, Led Zeppelin, The Small Faces, Iron Maiden, Fleetwood Mac, Elvis Costello, Cat Stevens, The Police, The Cure, Madness, The Jam, Dusty Springfield, Phil Collins, Rod Stewart and Sade, derived their sound from the streets and rhythms vibrating through London.

question: What famous chain of music-themed restaurants opened its first establishment in London?, answer: Hard Rock Cafe | question: In which recording studio did the Beatles do much of their recording?, answer: Abbey Road Studios | question: What in part inspired the sounds of many British rock bands and singers in the 60s, 70s, and 80s?, answer: the streets and rhythms vibrating through London. | question: What London concert venue shares its first name with a famous football stadium?, answer: Wembley Arena | question: Located in London, what is the busiest concert arena in the world?, answer: the o2 arena
London has played a significant role in the film industry, and has major studios at Ealing and a special effects and post-production community centred in Soho. Working Title Films has its headquarters in London. London has been the setting for films including Oliver Twist (1948), Scrooge (1951), Peter Pan (1953), The 101 Dalmatians (1961), My Fair Lady (1964), Mary Poppins (1964), Blowup (1966), The Long Good Friday (1980), Notting Hill (1999), Love Actually (2003), V For Vendetta (2005), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber Of Fleet Street (2008) and The King's Speech (2010). Notable actors and filmmakers from London include; Charlie Chaplin, Alfred Hitchcock, Michael Caine, Helen Mirren, Gary Oldman, Christopher Nolan, Jude Law, Tom Hardy, Keira Knightley and Daniel Day-Lewis. As of 2008[update], the British Academy Film Awards have taken place at the Royal Opera House. London is a major centre for television production, with studios including BBC Television Centre, The Fountain Studios and The London Studios. Many television programmes have been set in London, including the popular television soap opera EastEnders, broadcast by the BBC since 1985.

question: What major film production company calls London home?, answer: Working Title Films | question: In what theater are the British Academy film awards presented?, answer: the Royal Opera House | question: What popular soap opera has the BBC televised since 1985?, answer: EastEnders | question: What silent movie film star who made movies such as The Little Tramp hailed from London?, answer: Charlie Chaplin | question: In what year was the stage musical My Fair Lady, set in turn-of-the-century London, made into a major motion picture?, answer: 1964
London i/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south eastern part of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2) medieval boundaries and in 2011 had a resident population of 7,375, making it the smallest city in England. Since at least the 19th century, the term London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms Greater London,[note 1] a region of England governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.[note 2] The conurbation also covers two English counties: the small district of the City of London and the county of Greater London. The latter constitutes the vast majority of London, though historically it was split between Middlesex (a now abolished county), Essex, Surrey, Kent and Hertfordshire.

question: What city is the capital of England?, answer: London | question: Who founded the city of London?, answer: the Romans | question: As of 2011, what was the population of London?, answer: 7,375 | question: What part of London constitutes the bulk of the city?, answer: county of Greater London | question: When founded by the Romans, what was the name they gave the city of London?, answer: Londinium | question: As of 2011 what was the population of the core of London?, answer: 7,375 | question: On what river is London situated?, answer: River Thames | question: What was London's original name, as founded by the Romans?, answer: Londinium | question: What bodies govern Greater London?, answer: the Mayor of London and the London Assembly | question: What is the approximate area of the core of the City of London?, answer: 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2)
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism, and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is one of the world's leading financial centres and has the fifth-or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world depending on measurement.[note 3] London is a world cultural capital. It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic. London is one of the world's leading investment destinations, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe, and a 2014 report placed it first in the world university rankings. According to the report London also ranks first in the world in software, multimedia development and design, and shares first position in technology readiness. In 2012, London became the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.

question: Where does London rank in the world in terms of Metropolitan GDP?, answer: fifth-or sixth-largest | question: Based on international arrivals, where does London rank in terms of most-visited cities?, answer: world's most-visited | question: How many universities are located in London?, answer: 43 | question: Where does London rank in the world's university rankings?, answer: first | question: How many times has London hosted the Summer Olympics?, answer: three times | question: Where does London rank in terms of metropolitan area GDP?, answer: fifth-or sixth-largest | question: How many times has London hosted the Summer Olympic Games?, answer: three | question: What measurement designates London as the world's most visited city?, answer: international arrivals | question: How many universities does London boast?, answer: 43 | question: When did London most recently host the Summer Olympics?, answer: 2012