lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
During the Hungnam evacuation, about 193 shiploads of UN Command forces and matériel (approximately 105,000 soldiers, 98,000 civilians, 17,500 vehicles, and 350,000 tons of supplies) were evacuated to Pusan. The SS Meredith Victory was noted for evacuating 14,000 refugees, the largest rescue operation by a single ship, even though it was designed to hold 12 passengers. Before escaping, the UN Command forces razed most of Hungnam city, especially the port facilities; and on 16 December 1950, President Truman declared a national emergency with Presidential Proclamation No. 2914, 3 C.F.R. 99 (1953), which remained in force until 14 September 1978.[b] The next day (17 December 1950) Kim Il-sung was deprived of the right of command of KPA by China. After that, the leading part of the war became the Chinese army. Following that, on 1 February 1951, United Nations General Assembly adopted a draft resolution condemning China as an aggressor in the Korean War.

question: What was the name of the ship responsible for undertaking the largest rescue operation by a single ship?, answer: SS Meredith Victory | question: What did the Presidential Proclamation No. 2914, 3 1950 do?, answer: declared a national emergency | question: What year was the Presidential Proclamation lifted?, answer: 1978 | question: Who was stripped of their commanding rights by China?, answer: Kim Il-sung | question: What country was condemned for their participation in the conflict in Korea?, answer: China
During the Later Middle Ages, theologians such as John Duns Scotus (d. 1308)[AH] and William of Ockham (d. c. 1348), led a reaction against scholasticism, objecting to the application of reason to faith. Their efforts undermined the prevailing Platonic idea of "universals". Ockham's insistence that reason operates independently of faith allowed science to be separated from theology and philosophy. Legal studies were marked by the steady advance of Roman law into areas of jurisprudence previously governed by customary law. The lone exception to this trend was in England, where the common law remained pre-eminent. Other countries codified their laws; legal codes were promulgated in Castile, Poland, and Lithuania.

question: What school of thought was Duns Scotus opposed to?, answer: scholasticism | question: Before Roman law, what were areas of jurisprudence traditionally decided by?, answer: customary law | question: What country did not see the increasing influence of Roman law?, answer: England | question: Along with Castile and Poland, what country developed a law code in the Later Middle Ages?, answer: Lithuania | question: What Platonic idea lost influence as a result of the work of Ockham and Duns Scotus?, answer: universals
During the May Revolution of 1810 and the subsequent uprising of the provinces of Rio de la Plata, the Spanish colonial government moved to Montevideo. During that year and the next, Uruguayan revolutionary José Gervasio Artigas united with others from Buenos Aires against Spain. In 1811, the forces deployed by the Junta Grande of Buenos Aires and the gaucho forces led by Artigas started a siege of Montevideo, which had refused to obey the directives of the new authorities of the May Revolution. The siege was lifted at the end of that year, when the military situation started deteriorating in the Upper Peru region.

question: After the Revolution of 1810 there was a subsequent uprising of what provinces?, answer: Rio de la Plata | question: Where did the spanish colonial government move to after the uprising of the provinces of Rio de la Plata?, answer: Montevideo | question: Who was the Uruguayan revolutionary that united with others from Buenos Aires?, answer: José Gervasio Artigas
During the Mexican Revolution, Álvaro Obregón invited a group of Canadian German-speaking Mennonites to resettle in Mexico. By the late 1920s, some 7,000 had immigrated to Chihuahua State and Durango State, almost all from Canada, only a few from the U.S. and Russia. Today, Mexico accounts for about 42% of all Mennonites in Latin America. Mennonites in the country stand out because of their light skin, hair, and eyes. They are a largely insular community that speaks a form of German and wear traditional clothing. They own their own businesses in various communities in Chihuahua, and account for about half of the state's farm economy, excelling in cheese production.

question: Who invited Canadians to resettle in Mexico during the Mexican Revolution?, answer: Álvaro Obregón | question: Today, Mexico accounts for what percentage of Mennonites in Latin America?, answer: 42% | question: Mennonites speak a form of which language predominantly?, answer: German | question: Which food do Mennonites excel in producing?, answer: cheese | question: Mennonites account for about how much of the state's farm economy?, answer: half
During the Middle Ages Aristotle's theory of tabula rasa was developed by Islamic philosophers starting with Al Farabi, developing into an elaborate theory by Avicenna and demonstrated as a thought experiment by Ibn Tufail. For Avicenna (Ibn Sina), for example, the tabula rasa is a pure potentiality that is actualized through education, and knowledge is attained through "empirical familiarity with objects in this world from which one abstracts universal concepts" developed through a "syllogistic method of reasoning in which observations lead to propositional statements which when compounded lead to further abstract concepts". The intellect itself develops from a material intellect (al-'aql al-hayulani), which is a potentiality "that can acquire knowledge to the active intellect (al-'aql al-fa'il), the state of the human intellect in conjunction with the perfect source of knowledge". So the immaterial "active intellect", separate from any individual person, is still essential for understanding to occur.

question: Whose idea was 'tabula rasa'?, answer: Aristotle | question: What religion was Al Farabi?, answer: Islamic | question: What does al-'aql al-hayulani mean?, answer: material intellect | question: What does al-'aql al-fa'il mean?, answer: active intellect | question: What is crucial for understanding?, answer: the immaterial "active intellect"
During the Middle Ages, Paris was a center of Jewish learning with famous Talmudic scholars, such as Yechiel of Paris who took part in the Disputation of Paris between Christian and Jewish intellectuals. The Parisian Jewish community was victim of persecution, alternating expulsions and returns, until France became the first country in Europe to emancipate its Jewish population during the French Revolution. Although 75% of the Jewish population in France survived the Holocaust during World War II, half the city's Jewish population perished in Nazi concentration camps, while some others fled abroad. A large migration of North Africa Sephardic Jews settled Paris in the 1960s, and represent most of the Paris Jewish community today. There are currently 83 synagogues in the city; The Marais-quarter Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue, built in 1913 by architect Hector Guimard, is a Paris landmark.

question: Who built the Marais-quarter Agodudas Hakehilos Synagogue?, answer: Hector Guimard | question: When was the Marais-quarter Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue built?, answer: 1913 | question: When did a large number of Sephardic Jews settle in Paris?, answer: 1960s | question: What percentage of France's Jewish population survived the holocaust?, answer: 75
During the Middle Ages, Thuringia was situated at the border between Germanic and Slavic territories, marked by the Saale river. The Ostsiedlung movement led to the assimilation of Slavic people between the 11th and the 13th century under German rule. The population growth increased during the 18th century and stayed high until World War I, before it slowed within the 20th century and changed to a decline since 1990. Since the beginning of Urbanisation around 1840, the Thuringian cities have higher growth rates resp. smaller rates of decline than rural areas (many villages lost half of their population since 1950, whereas the biggest cities (Erfurt and Jena) keep growing).

question: Where was Thuringia in the Middle Ages?, answer: the border between Germanic and Slavic territories | question: What was the result of the Ostsiedlung movement?, answer: the assimilation of Slavic people between the 11th and the 13th century under German rule | question: When did population growth in Thuringia peak?, answer: World War I | question: In what year did many cities in Thuringia lose half of their population?, answer: 1950
During the Middle Ages, shipbuilding became an important industry for the town. Henry V's famous warship HMS Grace Dieu was built in Southampton. Walter Taylor's 18th century mechanisation of the block-making process was a significant step in the Industrial Revolution. From 1904 to 2004, the Thornycroft shipbuilding yard was a major employer in Southampton, building and repairing ships used in the two World Wars.

question: What skilled trade was a central industry for Southampton in the Middle Ages?, answer: shipbuilding | question: What's the name of the famed warship built in Southampton for Henry V?, answer: HMS Grace Dieu | question: What was the name of the man who overhauled block-making to mechanize the process?, answer: Walter Taylor | question: Between 1904 and 2004, what shipbuilding company employed a large portion of Southampton?, answer: Thornycroft | question: In what historical period did Walter Taylor's improvements on block-making play an important role?, answer: Industrial Revolution
During the Middle Ages, the Eritrea region was known as Medri Bahri ("sea-land"). The name Eritrea is derived from the ancient Greek name for Red Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα Erythra Thalassa, based on the adjective ἐρυθρός erythros "red"). It was first formally adopted in 1890, with the formation of Italian Eritrea (Colonia Eritrea). The territory became the Eritrea Governorate within Italian East Africa in 1936. Eritrea was annexed by Ethiopia in 1953 (nominally within a federation until 1962) and an Eritrean Liberation Front formed in 1960. Eritrea gained independence following the 1993 referendum, and the name of the new state was defined as State of Eritrea in the 1997 constitution.[citation needed]

question: What was the Eritrean region known as during the Middle Ages?, answer: Medri Bahri | question: What is the English translation of Medri Bahri?, answer: sea-land | question: When was Eritrea annexed by Ethiopia?, answer: 1953 | question: When did the Eritrean Liberation Front form?, answer: 1960 | question: When did Eritrea gain independence?, answer: following the 1993 referendum
During the Minor Occultation (Ghaybat al-Sughrá), it is believed that al-Mahdi maintained contact with his followers via deputies (Arab. an-nuwāb al-arbaʻa or "the Four Leaders"). They represented him and acted as agents between him and his followers. Whenever the believers faced a problem, they would write their concerns and send them to his deputy. The deputy would ascertain his verdict, endorse it with his seal and signature and return it to the relevant parties. The deputies also collected zakat and khums on his behalf.

question: How did al-Mahdi maintain contact during his Occultation?, answer: via deputies | question: How did deputies represent al-Mahdi?, answer: acted as agents between him and his followers | question: What would believers do when they had a problem?, answer: write their concerns and send them to his deputy | question: What would the deputy endorse the concerns with?, answer: seal and signature | question: What did the deputies collect in the Imam's behalf?, answer: zakat and khums
During the Miocene continents continued to drift toward their present positions. Of the modern geologic features, only the land bridge between South America and North America was absent, the subduction zone along the Pacific Ocean margin of South America caused the rise of the Andes and the southward extension of the Meso-American peninsula. India continued to collide with Asia. The Tethys Seaway continued to shrink and then disappeared as Africa collided with Eurasia in the Turkish-Arabian region between 19 and 12 Ma (ICS 2004). Subsequent uplift of mountains in the western Mediterranean region and a global fall in sea levels combined to cause a temporary drying up of the Mediterranean Sea resulting in the Messinian salinity crisis near the end of the Miocene.

question: The formation of which mountain range was the result of of what zone along the Pacific Ocean side of South America?, answer: the Andes | question: Which continent was India colliding with in the Miocene?, answer: Asia | question: When Africa was colliding with Eurasia which seaway ceased to be during the Miocene?, answer: The Tethys Seaway | question: Between what period of time did the Tethys disappear?, answer: 19 and 12 Ma | question: Which crisis occured towards the end of the Miocene period?, answer: Messinian salinity crisis
During the NES era, Nintendo maintained exclusive control over titles released for the system—the company had to approve every game, each third-party developer could only release up to five games per year (but some third parties got around this by using different names, for example Konami's "Ultra Games" brand), those games could not be released on another console within two years, and Nintendo was the exclusive manufacturer and supplier of NES cartridges. However, competition from Sega's console brought an end to this practice; in 1991, Acclaim began releasing games for both platforms, with most of Nintendo's other licensees following suit over the next several years; Capcom (which licensed some games to Sega instead of producing them directly) and Square were the most notable holdouts.

question: What was Nintendo's limit on games per developer per year on the NES?, answer: five | question: What alternate name did Konami use to get around Nintendo's yearly limit?, answer: Ultra Games | question: For how many years did Nintendo require exclusivity on NES games?, answer: two | question: Which competitor caused Nintendo to end its restrictions on game developers?, answer: Sega | question: Which developer began releasing games for both NES and Sega in 1991?, answer: Acclaim
During the Napoleonic Occupation of Spain, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest of progressive ideas, declared Mexican independence in the small town of Dolores, Guanajuato on September 16, 1810 with a proclamation known as the "Grito de Dolores". Hidalgo built a large support among intellectuals, liberal priests and many poor people. Hidalgo fought to protect the rights of the poor and indigenous population. He started on a march to the capital, Mexico City, but retreated back north when faced with the elite of the royal forces at the outskirts of the capital. He established a liberal government from Guadalajara, Jalisco but was soon forced to flee north by the royal forces that recaptured the city. Hidalgo attempted to reach the United States and gain American support for Mexican independence. HIdalgo reached Saltillo, Coahuila where he publicly resigned his military post and rejected a pardon offered by Viceroy Francisco Venegas in return for Hidalgo's surrender. A short time later, he and his supporters were captured by royalist Ignacio Elizondo at the Wells of Baján (Norias de Baján) on March 21, 1811 and taken to the city of Chihuahua. Hidalgo forced the Bishop of Valladolid, Manuel Abad y Queipo, to rescind the excommunication order he had circulated against him on September 24, 1810. Later, the Inquisition issued an excommunication edict on October 13, 1810 condemning Miguel Hidalgo as a seditionary, apostate, and heretic.

question: What was the name of the town in which Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla declared independence?, answer: Dolores | question: What was the name of the Proclamation?, answer: Grito de Dolores | question: What was Hidalgo's occupation?, answer: priest | question: What was the name of the royalist who captured Hidalgo?, answer: Ignacio Elizondo | question: Which country had Hidalgo attempted to reach to gain support?, answer: United States
During the Napoleonic Wars he was taken seriously by the British press as a dangerous tyrant, poised to invade. He was often referred to by the British as Boney. A nursery rhyme warned children that Bonaparte ravenously ate naughty people; the "bogeyman". The British Tory press sometimes depicted Napoleon as much smaller than average height, and this image persists. Confusion about his height also results from the difference between the French pouce and British inch—2.71 cm and 2.54 cm, respectively. The myth of the "Napoleon Complex” — named after him to describe men who have an inferiority complex — stems primarily from the fact that he was listed, incorrectly, as 5 feet 2 inches (in French units) at the time of his death. In fact, he was 1.68 metres (5 ft 6 in) tall, an average height for a man in that period.[note 11]

question: Which foreign news service viewed Napoleon as a dangerous tyrant?, answer: the British press | question: What abbreviated term did the British often use to refer to Napoleon?, answer: Boney | question: Which segment of the British press often showed Napoleon as being much shorter than average?, answer: Tory | question: What height was Napoleon incorrectly listed as at his time of death?, answer: 5 feet 2 inches | question: What was Napoleon's actual height, in feet and inches?, answer: 5 ft 6 in
During the Napoleonic Wars in the late 18th century and early 19th century, Napoleon annexed territory formerly controlled by the Habsburgs and Savoys. In 1798 he established the Helvetic Republic in Switzerland; two years later he led an army across the St. Bernard pass and conquered almost all of the Alpine regions.

question: What wars took place during the late 18th century and early 19th century?, answer: the Napoleonic Wars | question: Who annexed territory formerly controlled by the Habsburgs and Savoys?, answer: Napoleon | question: When was the Helvetic Republic established?, answer: 1798 | question: Where was the Helvetic Republic established?, answer: Switzerland
During the Neolithic Era, before the onset of desertification, around 9500 BCE the central Sudan had been a rich environment supporting a large population ranging across what is now barren desert, like the Wadi el-Qa'ab. By the 5th millennium BCE, the people who inhabited what is now called Nubia, were full participants in the "agricultural revolution", living a settled lifestyle with domesticated plants and animals. Saharan rock art of cattle and herdsmen suggests the presence of a cattle cult like those found in Sudan and other pastoral societies in Africa today. Megaliths found at Nabta Playa are overt examples of probably the world's first known archaeoastronomy devices, predating Stonehenge by some 2,000 years. This complexity, as observed at Nabta Playa, and as expressed by different levels of authority within the society there, likely formed the basis for the structure of both the Neolithic society at Nabta and the Old Kingdom of Egypt.

question: During what era was the central Sudan rich in environment?, answer: Neolithic Era | question: What kind of rock art was found in the Sudan?, answer: cattle and herdsmen | question: What are examples of the first known archaeoastronomy found in Nabta Playa?, answer: Megaliths
During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in 1931. In addition, Shackleton himself and three other members of his expedition made several firsts in December 1908 – February 1909: they were the first humans to traverse the Ross Ice Shelf, the first to traverse the Transantarctic Mountains (via the Beardmore Glacier), and the first to set foot on the South Polar Plateau. An expedition led by Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen from the ship Fram became the first to reach the geographic South Pole on 14 December 1911, using a route from the Bay of Whales and up the Axel Heiberg Glacier. One month later, the doomed Scott Expedition reached the pole.

question: What explorer led the Nimrod Expedition into Antarctica?, answer: Ernest Shackleton | question: Who led the party to first climb Mount Erebus?, answer: Edgeworth David | question: Who led the return expedition to find the Magnetic pole?, answer: Douglas Mawson | question: When did Mawson retire after leading several expeditions?, answer: 1931 | question: When did Roald Amundsen reach the geographic south pole?, answer: 14 December 1911
During the Pacific War Funafuti was used as a base to prepare for the subsequent seaborn attacks on the Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) that were occupied by Japanese forces. The United States Marine Corps landed on Funafuti on 2 October 1942 and on Nanumea and Nukufetau in August 1943. The Japanese had already occupied Tarawa and other islands in what is now Kiribati, but were delayed by the losses at the Battle of the Coral Sea. The islanders assisted the American forces to build airfields on Funafuti, Nanumea and Nukufetau and to unload supplies from ships. On Funafuti the islanders shifted to the smaller islets so as to allow the American forces to build the airfield and to build naval bases and port facilities on Fongafale. A Naval Construction Battalion (Seabees) built a sea plane ramp on the lagoon side of Fongafale islet for seaplane operations by both short and long range seaplanes and a compacted coral runway was also constructed on Fongafale, with runways also constructed to create Nanumea Airfield and Nukufetau Airfield. USN Patrol Torpedo Boats (PTs) were based at Funafuti from 2 November 1942 to 11 May 1944.

question: For what purpose was Funafuti used during the Pacific War?, answer: a base | question: What group occupied the Gilbert Islands?, answer: Japanese forces | question: What action delayed the Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands?, answer: Battle of the Coral Sea | question: From what time span were USN Torpedo Boats stationed at Funafuti?, answer: 2 November 1942 to 11 May 1944 | question: On what islet did US forces build a seaplane ramp?, answer: Fongafale
During the Partitions of Poland from 1772 to 1795, its members began to lose these legal privileges and social status. From that point until 1918, the legal status of the nobility was essentially dependent upon the policies of the three partitioning powers: the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Monarchy. The legal privileges of the szlachta were legally abolished in the Second Polish Republic by the March Constitution of 1921.

question: When, during the partitions of Poland, did the szlachta lose legal and social status., answer: 1772 to 1795 | question: What was one name of a power that the szlachta was dependent on., answer: Russian Empire | question: When was the March constitution implemented., answer: 1921 | question: What did the Mach constitution do?, answer: legal privileges of the szlachta were legally abolished | question: In what republic did the szlachta lose their legal privileges., answer: Second Polish Republic
During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.

question: What historical event once again freed Estonia?, answer: collapse of the Soviet Union | question: Following the Soviet collapse what became the only official Estonian Language?, answer: Estonian | question: What language was no longer promoted as one of Estonia's main languages?, answer: Russian | question: What came into being in January 1989?, answer: The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language