lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The wet season begins some time in May, ending in mid-October. During this period, temperatures are in the mid 80s to low 90s (29–35 °C), accompanied by high humidity, though the heat is often relieved by afternoon thunderstorms or a sea breeze that develops off the Atlantic Ocean, which then allow lower temperatures, but conditions still remain very muggy. Much of the year's 55.9 inches (1,420 mm) of rainfall occurs during this period. Dewpoints in the warm months range from 71.9 °F (22.2 °C) in June to 73.7 °F (23.2 °C) in August.

question: When is the beginning of Miami's wet season?, answer: May | question: What month sees the end of the wet season in Miami?, answer: October | question: In degrees Celsius, what is the range of temperatures during the wet season?, answer: 29–35 | question: How many millimeters of rain fall on Miami annually?, answer: 1,420 | question: What is the typical August dew point in degrees Fahrenheit?, answer: 73.7
The willingness to question previously held truths and search for new answers resulted in a period of major scientific advancements, now known as the Scientific Revolution. The Scientific Revolution is traditionally held by most historians to have begun in 1543, when the books De humani corporis fabrica (On the Workings of the Human Body) by Andreas Vesalius, and also De Revolutionibus, by the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, were first printed. The thesis of Copernicus' book was that the Earth moved around the Sun. The period culminated with the publication of the Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica in 1687 by Isaac Newton, representative of the unprecedented growth of scientific publications throughout Europe.

question: What was the Scientific Revolution?, answer: a period of major scientific advancements | question: What year is considered to be the beginning of the Scientific Revolution?, answer: 1543 | question: What book by Andreas Vesalius was published in 1543?, answer: De humani corporis fabrica (On the Workings of the Human Body) | question: What was the focus of De Revolutionibus by Nicolaus Copernicus?, answer: the Earth moved around the Sun | question: What book was printed by Isaac Newton in 1687?, answer: Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica
The winner, Taira no Kiyomori, became an imperial advisor, and was the first warrior to attain such a position. He eventually seized control of the central government, establishing the first samurai-dominated government and relegating the Emperor to figurehead status. However, the Taira clan was still very conservative when compared to its eventual successor, the Minamoto, and instead of expanding or strengthening its military might, the clan had its women marry Emperors and exercise control through the Emperor.

question: Who was the first warrior to become imperial advisor?, answer: Taira no Kiyomori | question: Who established the first samurai-led administration?, answer: Taira no Kiyomori | question: Who succeeded the Taira clan?, answer: the Minamoto | question: What role did the Emperor have in the samurai-controlled government?, answer: figurehead | question: How did the Taira clan expand power?, answer: had its women marry Emperors
The women of Tuvalu use cowrie and other shells in traditional handicrafts. The artistic traditions of Tuvalu have traditionally been expressed in the design of clothing and traditional handicrafts such as the decoration of mats and fans. Crochet (kolose) is one of the art forms practiced by Tuvaluan women. The material culture of Tuvalu uses traditional design elements in artefacts used in everyday life such as the design of canoes and fish hooks made from traditional materials. The design of women's skirts (titi), tops (teuga saka), headbands, armbands, and wristbands, which continue to be used in performances of the traditional dance songs of Tuvalu, represents contemporary Tuvaluan art and design.

question: What sea creatures were used in traditional handicrafts?, answer: shells | question: In what item has Tuvalu traditional design been produced?, answer: clothing | question: What type of decorative items use traditional Tuvalu designs?, answer: mats and fans | question: For what have objects having traditional design been used?, answer: everyday life | question: What traditional purpose are Tuvalu designs still used?, answer: dance songs
The women's division of professional wrestling has maintained a recognized world champion since 1937, when Mildred Burke won the original World Women's title. She then formed the World Women's Wrestling Association in the early 1950s and recognized herself as the first champion, although the championship would be vacated upon her retirement in 1956. The NWA, however, ceased to acknowledge Burke as their Women's World champion in 1954, and instead acknowledged June Byers as champion after a controversial finish to a high-profile match between Burke and Byers that year. Upon Byers' retirement in 1964, The Fabulous Moolah, who won a junior heavyweight version of the NWA World Women's Championship (the predecessor to the WWE's Women's Championship) in a tournament back in 1958, was recognized by most NWA promoters as champion by default.

question: Who won the women's title in 1937?, answer: Mildred Burke | question: What did Mildred Burke form?, answer: Women's Wrestling Association | question: What year did June Byers retire?, answer: 1964 | question: What year did Mildred Burke retire?, answer: 1956
The word "Imām" denotes a person who stands or walks "in front". For Sunni Islam, the word is commonly used to mean a person who leads the course of prayer in the mosque. It also means the head of a madhhab ("school of thought"). However, from the Shia point of view this is merely the basic understanding of the word in the Arabic language and, for its proper religious usage, the word "Imam" is applicable only to those members of the house of Muhammad designated as infallible by the preceding Imam.

question: What word literally means a person who stands or walks in front?, answer: Imām | question: For Sunni Islam, what does the word Imam commonly mean?, answer: a person who leads the course of prayer in the mosque | question: What does the word madhhab mean?, answer: school of thought | question: What does Imam mean in its proper religious context?, answer: members of the house of Muhammad designated as infallible
The word "Slavs" was used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Yugoslavia (1943–1992) and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003), later Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006).

question: When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic?, answer: 1939–1945 | question: When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of Yugoslavia?, answer: 1943–1992 | question: When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia?, answer: 1992–2003 | question: When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of Serbia and Montenegro?, answer: 2003–2006
The word "animal" comes from the Latin animalis, meaning having breath, having soul or living being. In everyday non-scientific usage the word excludes humans – that is, "animal" is often used to refer only to non-human members of the kingdom Animalia; often, only closer relatives of humans such as mammals, or mammals and other vertebrates, are meant. The biological definition of the word refers to all members of the kingdom Animalia, encompassing creatures as diverse as sponges, jellyfish, insects, and humans.

question: Where does the word animal come from?, answer: Latin animalis | question: What does the Latin word animalis mean?, answer: having breath, having soul or living being | question: The word animal is usually only used to refer to what?, answer: non-human members of the kingdom Animalia | question: The biological definition of the word animal refers to all member of what kingdom?, answer: Animalia | question: What are some of the creatures included in the kingdom of Animalia?, answer: sponges, jellyfish, insects, and humans
The word "dollar" is one of the words in the first paragraph of Section 9 of Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution. In that context, "dollars" is a reference to the Spanish milled dollar, a coin that had a monetary value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or reales. In 1792 the U.S. Congress adopted legislation titled An act establishing a mint, and regulating the Coins of the United States. Section 9 of that act authorized the production of various coins, including "DOLLARS OR UNITS—each to be of the value of a Spanish milled dollar as the same is now current, and to contain three hundred and seventy-one grains and four sixteenth parts of a grain of pure, or four hundred and sixteen grains of standard silver". Section 20 of the act provided, "That the money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars, or units... and that all accounts in the public offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation". In other words, this act designated the United States dollar as the unit of currency of the United States.

question: What is "dollars" a reference to?, answer: the Spanish milled dollar | question: How much value did a Spanish milled dollar have in relation to Spanish units of currency?, answer: 8 Spanish units | question: How many grains of standard silver were meant to be in a single dollar?, answer: four hundred and sixteen | question: How much value was one dollar meant to be equivalent to?, answer: a Spanish milled dollar | question: How many grains of pure silver were meant to be in a single dollar?, answer: three hundred and seventy-one
The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern word emotion is heterogeneous In some uses of the word, emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. On the other hand, emotion can be used to refer to states that are mild (as in annoyed or content) and to states that are not directed at anything (as in anxiety and depression). One line of research thus looks at the meaning of the word emotion in everyday language and this usage is rather different from that in academic discourse. Another line of research asks about languages other than English, and one interesting finding is that many languages have a similar but not identical term

question: When did the word emotion enter the English language?, answer: 1579 | question: From what French word is emotion derived?, answer: émouvoir | question: What does émouvoir mean in English?, answer: to stir up | question: Prior to the introduction of the word emotion, what word was used in its place?, answer: passion | question: Along with anxiety, what is an example of directionless emotion?, answer: depression
The word "insect" comes from the Latin word insectum, meaning "with a notched or divided body", or literally "cut into", from the neuter singular perfect passive participle of insectare, "to cut into, to cut up", from in- "into" and secare "to cut"; because insects appear "cut into" three sections. Pliny the Elder introduced the Latin designation as a loan-translation of the Greek word ἔντομος (éntomos) or "insect" (as in entomology), which was Aristotle's term for this class of life, also in reference to their "notched" bodies. "Insect" first appears documented in English in 1601 in Holland's translation of Pliny. Translations of Aristotle's term also form the usual word for "insect" in Welsh (trychfil, from trychu "to cut" and mil, "animal"), Serbo-Croatian (zareznik, from rezati, "to cut"), Russian (насекомое nasekomoje, from seč'/-sekat', "to cut"), etc.

question: What is the Latin term for insect?, answer: insectum | question: Who introduced the Latin term for insect, borrowing from the Greek vernacular?, answer: Pliny the Elder | question: How many sections does an insect's body appear to be divided?, answer: three | question: Which Greek philosopher used the term entomos to describe insects, making reference to their notched bodies?, answer: Aristotle | question: In what year is it typically reported that the word insect was first documented in English?, answer: 1601 | question: Insect means to have a notched or divided what?, answer: body | question: Insects are cut into how many sections?, answer: three sections | question: Who gave this class of life the name "insect"?, answer: Aristotle | question: In what year did the word "insect" appear in a document?, answer: 1601 | question: Who introduced the Latin version of the word "insect"?, answer: Pliny the Elder
The word "mammal" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma ("teat, pap"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.

question: Who coined the name "mammal" from the scientific name Mammalia?, answer: Carl Linnaeus | question: What do all female mammals have in common when they have children?, answer: nurse their young with milk | question: How many mammals were known to exist up to 2006?, answer: 5,416 | question: How many families did mammals consist of as of 2006?, answer: 153 families
The word "paper" is etymologically derived from Latin papyrus, which comes from the Greek πάπυρος (papuros), the word for the Cyperus papyrus plant. Papyrus is a thick, paper-like material produced from the pith of the Cyperus papyrus plant, which was used in ancient Egypt and other Mediterranean cultures for writing before the introduction of paper into the Middle East and Europe. Although the word paper is etymologically derived from papyrus, the two are produced very differently and the development of the first is distinct from the development of the second. Papyrus is a lamination of natural plant fibres, while paper is manufactured from fibres whose properties have been changed by maceration.

question: What Latin word is paper derived from?, answer: Papyrus | question: What language is papyrus derived from?, answer: Greek | question: What process changes the properties of the fibres used in papermaking?, answer: maceration | question: What plant was used in Egypt to make papyrus?, answer: Cyperus | question: What part of the Cyperus plant was used in making papyrus?, answer: the pith
The word "police" was borrowed from French into the English language in the 18th century, but for a long time it applied only to French and continental European police forces. The word, and the concept of police itself, were "disliked as a symbol of foreign oppression" (according to Britannica 1911). Before the 19th century, the first use of the word "police" recorded in government documents in the United Kingdom was the appointment of Commissioners of Police for Scotland in 1714 and the creation of the Marine Police in 1798.

question: When did the French language adopt the word 'police'?, answer: in the 18th century | question: Which dictionary said police were 'a symbol of foreign oppression'?, answer: Britannica 1911 | question: What language did French borrow the word 'police' from?, answer: English | question: When were the Marine Police created in the UK?, answer: 1798 | question: What was the first use of 'police' in the UK?, answer: the appointment of Commissioners of Police for Scotland in 1714
The word "public" implies the highest level of inclusivity – the public sphere by definition should be open to all. However, this sphere was only public to relative degrees. Enlightenment thinkers frequently contrasted their conception of the "public" with that of the people: Condorcet contrasted "opinion" with populace, Marmontel "the opinion of men of letters" with "the opinion of the multitude," and d'Alembert the "truly enlightened public" with "the blind and noisy multitude". Additionally, most institutions of the public sphere excluded both women and the lower classes. Cross-class influences occurred through noble and lower class participation in areas such as the coffeehouses and the Masonic lodges.

question: Whixh population groups were excluded from most institutions of the public sphere?, answer: women and the lower classes | question: Which two areas experienced criss-cross influences through noble and lower class participation?, answer: coffeehouses and the Masonic lodges | question: Marmontel contrasted "the opinion of men of letters" with what?, answer: "the opinion of the multitude," | question: d'Alembert contrasted the "truly enlightened public" with whom?, answer: "the blind and noisy multitude"
The word Catalan derives from the territory of Catalonia, itself of disputed etymology. The main theory suggests that Catalunya (Latin Gathia Launia) derives from the name Gothia or Gauthia ("Land of the Goths"), since the origins of the Catalan counts, lords and people were found in the March of Gothia, whence Gothland > Gothlandia > Gothalania > Catalonia theoretically derived.

question: What is Catalan the derivitive of?, answer: Catalonia | question: What is the Latin for Calalunya?, answer: Gathia Launia | question: Where did the Catalan people originate?, answer: March of Gothia | question: What is the root word from which Catalonia comes?, answer: Gothia
The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred to as Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿOsmâniyye (دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه), (literally "The Supreme State of the Ottomans") or alternatively Osmanlı Devleti (عثمانلى دولتى).[dn 5] In Modern Turkish, it is known as Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ("Ottoman Empire") or Osmanlı Devleti ("The Ottoman State").

question: An anglicization of the name Osman I results in what word?, answer: Ottoman | question: What house was the founder of the Ottoman empire?, answer: House of Osman | question: What was another name for the Ottoman Dynasty?, answer: House of Osman | question: What is the origin of Osman's name?, answer: Arabic | question: In a literal sense what was the Ottoman empire referred to as?, answer: The Supreme State of the Ottomans
The word ale comes from Old English ealu (plural ealoþ), in turn from Proto-Germanic *alu (plural *aluþ), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European base *h₂elut-, which holds connotations of "sorcery, magic, possession, intoxication". The word beer comes from Old English bēor, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą, probably from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeusóm, originally "brewer's yeast, beer dregs", although other theories have been provided connecting the word with Old English bēow, "barley", or Latin bibere, "to drink". On the currency of two words for the same thing in the Germanic languages, the 12th-century Old Icelandic poem Alvíssmál says, "Ale it is called among men, but among the gods, beer."

question: What is the origin of the word ale?, answer: Old English ealu | question: What is the origin of the word beer?, answer: Old English bēor | question: What word means to drink in Latin?, answer: bibere | question: What 12th century poet once wrote "Ale it is called among men, but among the gods, beer."?, answer: Alvíssmál
The word asphalt is derived from the late Middle English, in turn from French asphalte, based on Late Latin asphalton, asphaltum, which is the latinisation of the Greek ἄσφαλτος (ásphaltos, ásphalton), a word meaning "asphalt/bitumen/pitch", which perhaps derives from ἀ-, "without" and σφάλλω (sfallō), "make fall". Note that in French, the term asphalte is used for naturally occurring bitumen-soaked limestone deposits, and for specialised manufactured products with fewer voids or greater bitumen content than the "asphaltic concrete" used to pave roads. It is a significant fact that the first use of asphalt by the ancients was in the nature of a cement for securing or joining together various objects, and it thus seems likely that the name itself was expressive of this application. Specifically Herodotus mentioned that bitumen was brought to Babylon to build its gigantic fortification wall. From the Greek, the word passed into late Latin, and thence into French (asphalte) and English ("asphaltum" and "asphalt").

question: What is the last origination of the word asphalt?, answer: late Middle English | question: From what language does asphalt initially come?, answer: Greek | question: What are the meanings of the Greek word for asphalt?, answer: asphalt/bitumen/pitch | question: What is the French term for natural asphalt?, answer: asphalte | question: To construct what feature was asphalt brought to Babylon?, answer: wall
The word gene is derived (via pangene) from the Ancient Greek word γένος (génos) meaning "race, offspring". Gene was coined in 1909 by Danish botanist Wilhelm Johannsen to describe the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity, while the related word genetics was first used by William Bateson in 1905.

question: What ancient Greek word is the word 'gene' derived from?, answer: γένος (génos) | question: What does the ancient Greek word 'génos' mean?, answer: "race, offspring" | question: What Danish botanist coined the word 'gene'?, answer: Wilhelm Johannsen | question: What was the word 'gene' used to describe in 1909?, answer: the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity | question: Who first used the word 'genetics' in 1905?, answer: William Bateson
The word gumbe is sometimes used generically, to refer to any music of the country, although it most specifically refers to a unique style that fuses about ten of the country's folk music traditions. Tina and tinga are other popular genres, while extent folk traditions include ceremonial music used in funerals, initiations and other rituals, as well as Balanta brosca and kussundé, Mandinga djambadon, and the kundere sound of the Bissagos Islands.

question: What is sometimes used as a generic word for any music of Guinea-Bissau?, answer: gumbe | question: Gumbe fuses how many of the country's folk music traditions?, answer: about ten | question: Other than gumbe, what are two popular music genres?, answer: Tina and tinga | question: What sound comes from the Bissagos Islands?, answer: kundere | question: What type of tradition includes ceremonial music used in funerals?, answer: folk
The word gymnastics derives from the common Greek adjective γυμνός (gymnos) meaning "naked", by way of the related verb γυμνάζω (gymnazo), whose meaning is to train naked", "train in gymnastic exercise", generally "to train, to exercise". The verb had this meaning, because athletes in ancient times exercised and competed without clothing. It came into use in the 1570s, from Latin gymnasticus, from Greek gymnastikos "fond of or skilled in bodily exercise," from gymnazein "to exercise or train" (see gymnasium).

question: What Greek word did gymnastics derive from?, answer: γυμνός (gymnos) meaning "naked" | question: What does the verb gymnazo mean?, answer: to train naked", "train in gymnastic exercise", generally "to train, to exercise" | question: Why was this verb used?, answer: because athletes in ancient times exercised and competed without clothing | question: When did the word come into use?, answer: 1570s