lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The name Ashkenazi derives from the biblical figure of Ashkenaz, the first son of Gomer, son of Khaphet, son of Noah, and a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations (Genesis 10). The name of Gomer has often been linked to the ethnonym Cimmerians. Biblical Ashkenaz is usually derived from Assyrian Aškūza (cuneiform Aškuzai/Iškuzai), a people who expelled the Cimmerians from the Armenian area of the Upper Euphrates, whose name is usually associated with the name of the Scythians. The intrusive n in the Biblical name is likely due to a scribal error confusing a waw ו with a nun נ.

question: The name of Ashkenazi derives from which biblical figure?, answer: Ashkenaz | question: Ashkenaz was the first son of whom?, answer: Gomer | question: The name of Gomer has often been linked to what ethnonym?, answer: Cimmerians | question: Assyrian Aškūza expelled which group from the Armenian area of the Upper Euphrates?, answer: Cimmerians
The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was allegedly coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, she was inspired by the name of the river, in preference to terms such as "Central Sudan". The origin of the name ''Nigeria'' came from the name of the Niger River. The word ( Niger ) is an alteration of the Tuareg name egerew n-igerewen used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism. Egerew n-igerewen means River of the Rivers.

question: What is Nigeria named after?, answer: the Niger River | question: Who came up with the name Nigeria in the 19th century?, answer: Flora Shaw | question: What was Nigeria's region called by the British before the name Nigeria?, answer: Central Sudan | question: What language does the name of the Niger River come from?, answer: Tuareg | question: Which river reaches Timbuktu?, answer: Niger
The name Oklahoma comes from the Choctaw phrase okla humma, literally meaning red people. Choctaw Chief Allen Wright suggested the name in 1866 during treaty negotiations with the federal government regarding the use of Indian Territory, in which he envisioned an all-Indian state controlled by the United States Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Equivalent to the English word Indian, okla humma was a phrase in the Choctaw language used to describe Native American people as a whole. Oklahoma later became the de facto name for Oklahoma Territory, and it was officially approved in 1890, two years after the area was opened to white settlers.

question: What language does the name Oklahoma come from?, answer: Choctaw | question: What does Oklahoma mean?, answer: red people | question: When was the name Oklahoma suggested?, answer: 1866 | question: Who suggested the name Oklahoma?, answer: Choctaw Chief Allen Wright | question: When was the name Oklahoma made official?, answer: 1890
The name Shell is linked to The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company. In 1833, the founder's father, Marcus Samuel, founded an import business to sell seashells to London collectors. When collecting seashell specimens in the Caspian Sea area in 1892, the younger Samuel realised there was potential in exporting lamp oil from the region and commissioned the world's first purpose-built oil tanker, the Murex (Latin for a type of snail shell), to enter this market; by 1907 the company had a fleet. Although for several decades the company had a refinery at Shell Haven on the Thames, there is no evidence of this having provided the name.

question: The name Shell is connected to what company?, answer: The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company | question: What was the purpose of the created of The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company?, answer: to sell seashells to London collectors | question: What did the younger founder of The "Shell" Transport and Trading company discover while collecting seashell specimens in the Caspian Sea area?, answer: there was potential in exporting lamp oil from the region | question: By what year did the company have a fleet of oil tankers operating in the Caspian Sea region?, answer: 1907 | question: The company operated a refinery on what river for several decades?, answer: Thames
The name Thuringia or Thüringen derives from the Germanic tribe Thuringii, who emerged during the Migration Period. Their origin is not completely known. An older theory claimed that they were successors of the Hermunduri, but later research rejected the idea. Other historians argue that the Thuringians were allies of the Huns, came to central Europe together with them, and lived before in what is Galicia today. Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus first mentioned the Thuringii around 400; during that period, the Thuringii were famous for their excellent horses.

question: Where does the name Thuringia come from?, answer: the Germanic tribe Thuringii | question: When did Thuringii emerge?, answer: the Migration Period | question: Who are the theoretical allies of the Thuringians?, answer: the Huns | question: When were the thuringii first mentioned?, answer: around 400
The name evolved during the Middle Ages from Gallaecia, sometimes written Galletia, to Gallicia. In the 13th century, with the written emergence of the Galician language, Galiza became the most usual written form of the name of the country, being replaced during the 15th and 16th centuries by the current form, Galicia, which coincides with the Castilian Spanish name. The historical denomination Galiza became popular again during the end of the 19th and the first three-quarters of the 20th century, being still used with some frequency today, although not by the Xunta de Galicia, the local devolved government. The Royal Galician Academy, the institution responsible for regulating the Galician language, whilst recognizing it as a legitimate current denomination, has stated that the only official name of the country is Galicia.

question: What is one variation of Gallicia's name used during the Middle Ages?, answer: Galletia | question: Which spelling was the most common spelling during the 13th century?, answer: Galiza | question: When did it get its modern spelling?, answer: 15th and 16th centuries | question: What is the name of the local government?, answer: Xunta de Galicia | question: Which group regulates the Galician language?, answer: The Royal Galician Academy
The name of local time typically changes when DST is observed. American English replaces standard with daylight: for example, Pacific Standard Time (PST) becomes Pacific Daylight Time (PDT). In the United Kingdom, the standard term for UK time when advanced by one hour is British Summer Time (BST), and British English typically inserts summer into other time zone names, e.g. Central European Time (CET) becomes Central European Summer Time (CEST).

question: What usually changes when a place observes DST?, answer: The name of local time | question: What word does American English swap out for "daylight" when referring to time zones?, answer: standard | question: In American English, what is the equivalent of Pacific Standard Time?, answer: Pacific Daylight Time | question: When the UK changes their clocks forward in the spring, what do they call the time they're then observing?, answer: British Summer Time | question: What word is often added to the names of time zones when used in British English?, answer: summer
The name of the metal was probably first documented by Paracelsus, a Swiss-born German alchemist, who referred to the metal as "zincum" or "zinken" in his book Liber Mineralium II, in the 16th century. The word is probably derived from the German zinke, and supposedly meant "tooth-like, pointed or jagged" (metallic zinc crystals have a needle-like appearance). Zink could also imply "tin-like" because of its relation to German zinn meaning tin. Yet another possibility is that the word is derived from the Persian word سنگ seng meaning stone. The metal was also called Indian tin, tutanego, calamine, and spinter.

question: Who is attributed as first documenting zinc?, answer: Paracelsus | question: Why is it possible that the name zinc could be derived from the German zinn?, answer: imply "tin-like" | question: Why would zinc possibly be derived from the German word zinke?, answer: metallic zinc crystals have a needle-like appearance | question: What are some of the other terms for zinc?, answer: Indian tin, tutanego, calamine, and spinter.
The name of the winning team is engraved on the silver band around the base as soon as the final has finished, in order to be ready in time for the presentation ceremony. This means the engraver has just five minutes to perform a task which would take twenty under normal conditions, although time is saved by engraving the year on during the match, and sketching the presumed winner. During the final, the trophy wears is decorated with ribbons in the colours of both finalists, with the loser's ribbons being removed at the end of the game. Traditionally, at Wembley finals, the presentation is made at the Royal Box, with players, led by the captain, mounting a staircase to a gangway in front of the box and returning by a second staircase on the other side of the box. At Cardiff the presentation was made on a podium on the pitch.

question: Is the cup engraved for the winner?, answer: The name of the winning team is engraved on the silver band around the base | question: When does the engraving take place?, answer: as soon as the final has finished, in order to be ready in time for the presentation ceremony. | question: how long does the engraved have from start to finish?, answer: the engraver has just five minutes to perform a task which would take twenty under normal conditions, | question: Is the trophy decorated?, answer: the trophy wears is decorated with ribbons in the colours of both finalists, with the loser's ribbons being removed at the end of the game. | question: Where is he cup presentation made?, answer: , the presentation is made at the Royal Box
The names Land of Israel and Children of Israel have historically been used to refer to the biblical Kingdom of Israel and the entire Jewish people respectively. The name "Israel" (Standard Yisraʾel, Isrāʾīl; Septuagint Greek: Ἰσραήλ Israēl; 'El(God) persists/rules' though, after Hosea 12:4 often interpreted as "struggle with God") in these phrases refers to the patriarch Jacob who, according to the Hebrew Bible, was given the name after he successfully wrestled with the angel of the Lord. Jacob's twelve sons became the ancestors of the Israelites, also known as the Twelve Tribes of Israel or Children of Israel. Jacob and his sons had lived in Canaan but were forced by famine to go into Egypt for four generations, lasting 430 years, until Moses, a great-great grandson of Jacob, led the Israelites back into Canaan during the "Exodus". The earliest known archaeological artifact to mention the word "Israel" is the Merneptah Stele of ancient Egypt (dated to the late 13th century BCE).

question: Who was Moses?, answer: a great-great grandson of Jacob | question: Who led the Israelites back into Canaan during the "Exodus?", answer: Moses | question: What does the word "Israel" refer to?, answer: Jacob
The names for the nation of Greece and the Greek people differ from the names used in other languages, locations and cultures. Although the Greeks call the country Hellas or Ellada (Greek: Ἑλλάς or Ελλάδα) and its official name is the Hellenic Republic, in English it is referred to as Greece, which comes from the Latin term Graecia as used by the Romans, which literally means 'the land of the Greeks', and derives from the Greek name Γραικός. However, the name Hellas is sometimes used in English as well.

question: What is one of the names the Greeks call their country?, answer: Hellas | question: What is the official name of Greece?, answer: Hellenic Republic | question: From what word is Greece derived?, answer: Graecia | question: What does the work Graecia mean?, answer: the land of the Greeks | question: Who called Greece Graecia?, answer: Romans
The nation's cadet team from Japan '93 produced some international players notably Nwankwo Kanu, a two-time African Footballer of the year who won the European Champions League with Ajax Amsterdam and later played with Inter Milan, Arsenal, West Bromwich Albion and Portsmouth. Other players that graduated from the junior teams are Nduka Ugbade, Jonathan Akpoborie, Victor Ikpeba, Celestine Babayaro, Wilson Oruma and Taye Taiwo. Some other famous Nigerian footballers include John Obi Mikel, Obafemi Martins, Vincent Enyeama, Yakubu Aiyegbeni, Rashidi Yekini, Peter Odemwingie and Jay-Jay Okocha.

question: Nwankwo Kanu won what honor twice?, answer: African Footballer of the year | question: Nwankwo Kanu won in what championship league?, answer: European Champions League | question: What team did Nwankwo Kanu go on to play on?, answer: Inter Milan, Arsenal
The nation's canonical folk songs, known as "Songs of the Land of Israel," deal with the experiences of the pioneers in building the Jewish homeland. The Hora circle dance introduced by early Jewish settlers was originally popular in the Kibbutzim and outlying communities. It became a symbol of the Zionist reconstruction and of the ability to experience joy amidst austerity. It now plays a significant role in modern Israeli folk dancing and is regularly performed at weddings and other celebrations, and in group dances throughout Israel.[citation needed] Modern dance in Israel is a flourishing field, and several Israeli choreographers such as Ohad Naharin, Rami Beer, Barak Marshall and many others, are considered[by whom?] to be among the most versatile and original international creators working today. Famous Israeli companies include the Batsheva Dance Company and the Kibbutz Contemporary Dance Company.[citation needed]

question: What the nation's canonical folk songs known as?, answer: Songs of the Land of Israel | question: What became a symbol of the Zionist reconstruction?, answer: Hora circle dance | question: What's a flourishing field in Israel?, answer: Modern dance
The nation's military relies heavily on high-tech weapons systems designed and manufactured in Israel as well as some foreign imports. The Arrow missile is one of the world's few operational anti-ballistic missile systems. The Python air-to-air missile series is often considered one of the most crucial weapons in its military history. Israel's Spike missile is one of the most widely exported ATGMs in the world. Israel's Iron Dome anti-missile air defense system gained worldwide acclaim after intercepting hundreds of Qassam, 122 mm Grad and Fajr-5 artillery rockets fire by Palestinian militants from the Gaza Strip. Since the Yom Kippur War, Israel has developed a network of reconnaissance satellites. The success of the Ofeq program has made Israel one of seven countries capable of launching such satellites.

question: The military relies on what?, answer: high-tech weapons systems | question: What is one of the most crucial weapons in Israel's military history?, answer: Python air-to-air missile series | question: The success of what program has made Israel one of seven countries capable of launching satellites?, answer: Ofeq
The national bird of Saint Helena is the Saint Helena plover, known locally as the wirebird. It appears on the coat of arms of Saint Helena and on the flag.

question: What is the national bird of Saint Helena?, answer: the Saint Helena plover | question: What is the Plover known locally as?, answer: wirebird
The national capital of India, New Delhi is jointly administered by both the Central Government of India and the local Government of Delhi, it is also the capital of the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi.

question: New Delhi is the capital of what National Capital Territory?, answer: Delhi | question: What is the national capital of India?, answer: New Delhi | question: The local Government of Delhi and the Central Government of India jointly administer what city?, answer: New Delhi | question: What city is the official capital of the National Capital Territory of Delhi?, answer: New Delhi | question: What is the name of one government body that oversees the capital of New Delhi?, answer: the Central Government of India
The national economy grew significantly through agrarian reform, major modernization projects such as the Helwan steel works and the Aswan Dam, and nationalization schemes such as that of the Suez Canal. However, the marked economic growth of the early 1960s took a downturn for the remainder of the decade, only recovering in 1970. Egypt experienced a "golden age" of culture during Nasser's presidency, according to historian Joel Gordon, particularly in film, television, theater, radio, literature, fine arts, comedy, poetry, and music. Egypt under Nasser dominated the Arab world in these fields, producing cultural icons.

question: What reform, initiated by Nasser, caused the Egyptian economy to grow?, answer: agrarian | question: What are two infrastructure projects Nasser embarked on?, answer: Helwan steel works and the Aswan Dam | question: How was Egyptian culture under Nasser refered to?, answer: golden age | question: What was the most prominent thing Nasser nationalized?, answer: Suez Canal
The national postal infrastructure was completely destroyed during the civil war. In order to fill the vacuum, Somali Post signed an agreement in 2003 with the United Arab Emirates' Emirates Post to process mail to and from Somalia. Emirates Post's mail transit hub at the Dubai International Airport was then used to forward mail from Somalia to the UAE and various Western destinations, including Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Switzerland and Canada.

question: When was the infrastructure of the postal service destroyed?, answer: during the civil war | question: What airport is home to the Emirates post mail hub?, answer: Dubai International
The nationalist parties, in turn, demanded devolution to their respective constituent countries in return for their supporting the government. When referendums for Scottish and Welsh devolution were held in March 1979 Welsh devolution was rejected outright while the Scottish referendum returned a narrow majority in favour without reaching the required threshold of 40% support. When the Labour government duly refused to push ahead with setting up the proposed Scottish Assembly, the SNP withdrew its support for the government: this finally brought the government down as it triggered a vote of confidence in Callaghan's government that was lost by a single vote on 28 March 1979, necessitating a general election.

question: In what year was the Scottish and Welsh devolution rejected?, answer: 1979 | question: How many votes did the vote of confidence lose by in 1979?, answer: a single vote
The nationalization announcement was greeted very emotionally by the audience and, throughout the Arab world, thousands entered the streets shouting slogans of support. US ambassador Henry A. Byroade stated, "I cannot overemphasize [the] popularity of the Canal Company nationalization within Egypt, even among Nasser's enemies." Egyptian political scientist Mahmoud Hamad wrote that, prior to 1956, Nasser had consolidated control over Egypt's military and civilian bureaucracies, but it was only after the canal's nationalization that he gained near-total popular legitimacy and firmly established himself as the "charismatic leader" and "spokesman for the masses not only in Egypt, but all over the Third World". According to Aburish, this was Nasser's largest pan-Arab triumph at the time and "soon his pictures were to be found in the tents of Yemen, the souks of Marrakesh, and the posh villas of Syria". The official reason given for the nationalization was that funds from the canal would be used for the construction of the dam in Aswan. That same day, Egypt closed the canal to Israeli shipping.

question: How did the Arab world react to news of the nationalization of the Suez Canal?, answer: support | question: What nation's shipping was forbidden from using the Suez Canal?, answer: Israeli | question: What US ambassador spoke about the widespread support for Nasser's nationalization of the canal?, answer: Henry A. Byroade | question: Where was Nasser believed to be a spokesman for the poor and oppressed?, answer: not only in Egypt, but all over the Third World
The native language of Germans is German, a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch, and sharing many similarities with the North Germanic and Scandinavian languages. Spoken by approximately 100 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and the most widely spoken first language in the European Union. German has been replaced by English as the dominant language of science-related Nobel Prize laureates during the second half of the 20th century. It was a lingua franca in the Holy Roman Empire.

question: What is the native language of Germans?, answer: German | question: What languages is German related to?, answer: English and Dutch | question: How many natives speak German?, answer: 100 million | question: What is the most commonly spoken language in the European Union?, answer: German | question: What is the dominant language of science?, answer: English
The native language of the Romans was Latin. Although surviving Latin literature consists almost entirely of Classical Latin, an artificial and highly stylised and polished literary language from the 1st century BC, the actual spoken language was Vulgar Latin, which significantly differed from Classical Latin in grammar, vocabulary, and eventually pronunciation. Rome's expansion spread Latin throughout Europe, and over time Vulgar Latin evolved and dialectised in different locations, gradually shifting into a number of distinct Romance languages. Many of these languages, including French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish, flourished, the differences between them growing greater over time. Although English is Germanic rather than Roman in origin, English borrows heavily from Latin and Latin-derived words.[citation needed]

question: What was the primary language of the Romans?, answer: Latin | question: What type of language is French considered to be?, answer: Romance languages | question: What type of Latin was likely spoken in Rome?, answer: Vulgar Latin | question: How would Vulgar Latin eventually differ from Classical Latin?, answer: pronunciation | question: Which Germanic originating language densely acquired aspects from Latin?, answer: English
The nature and definition of matter - like other key concepts in science and philosophy - have occasioned much debate. Is there a single kind of matter (hyle) which everything is made of, or multiple kinds? Is matter a continuous substance capable of expressing multiple forms (hylomorphism), or a number of discrete, unchanging constituents (atomism)? Does it have intrinsic properties (substance theory), or is it lacking them (prima materia)?

question: What is hyle?, answer: matter