lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
On St. George's Night (Estonian: Jüriöö ülestõus) 23 April 1343, the indigenous Estonian population in the Duchy of Estonia, the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek and the insular territories of the State of the Teutonic Order tried to rid themselves of the Danish and German rulers and landlords, who had conquered the country in the 13th century during the Livonian crusade, and to eradicate the non-indigenous Christian religion. After initial success the revolt was ended by the invasion of the Teutonic Order. In 1346 the Duchy of Estonia was sold for 19,000 Köln marks to the Teutonic Order by the King of Denmark. The shift of sovereignty from Denmark to the State of the Teutonic Order took place on 1 November 1346.

question: What is the date of St. George's Night?, answer: 23 April 1343 | question: When did the indigenous Estonians try to overthrow their Danish and German rulers?, answer: St. George's Night | question: What belief system did the native Estonians try to remove?, answer: the non-indigenous Christian religion | question: What event ended the uprising?, answer: the invasion of the Teutonic Order. | question: What date did sovereignty shift from the state of Denmark?, answer: 1 November 1346
On Thursday, September 15, 2011, more than 500 people from Hongxiao Village protested over the large-scale death of fish in a nearby river. Angry protesters stormed the Zhejiang Jinko Solar Company factory compound, overturned eight company vehicles, and destroyed the offices before police came to disperse the crowd. Protests continued on the two following nights with reports of scuffles, officials said. Chen Hongming, a deputy head of Haining's environmental protection bureau, said the factory's waste disposal had failed pollution tests since April. The environmental watchdog had warned the factory, but it had not effectively controlled the pollution, Chen added.

question: What day of the week was September 15, 2011?, answer: Thursday | question: What village protested over the large-scale death of fish in a nearby river on September 15, 2011?, answer: Hongxiao | question: How many company vehicles did angry protesters overturn at the Zhejiang Jinko Solar Company?, answer: eight | question: How many more nights after the first day did protests last?, answer: two | question: Who was the deputy head of Haining's environmental protection bureau at the time?, answer: Chen Hongming
On Thursday, September 19, 1985, at 7:19 am local time, Mexico City was struck by an earthquake of magnitude 8.1 on the Richter scale. Although this earthquake was not as deadly or destructive as many similar events in Asia and other parts of Latin America, it proved to be a disaster politically for the one-party government. The government was paralyzed by its own bureaucracy and corruption, forcing ordinary citizens to create and direct their own rescue efforts and to reconstruct much of the housing that was lost as well.

question: What day of the week did the major earthquake strike Mexico City?, answer: Thursday | question: How strong was the powerful earthquake that hit Mexico City in 1985?, answer: 8.1 on the Richter scale | question: What month did the 8.1 earthquake hit Mexico City in 1985?, answer: September | question: Why did the one-party government struggle after the major earthquake in 1985?, answer: paralyzed by its own bureaucracy and corruption | question: Who led the rescue effort after the earthquake of 1985?, answer: ordinary citizens
On an international level the German DIN 4512 system has been effectively superseded in the 1980s by ISO 6:1974, ISO 2240:1982, and ISO 5800:1979 where the same sensitivity is written in linear and logarithmic form as "ISO 100/21°" (now again with degree symbol). These ISO standards were subsequently adopted by DIN as well. Finally, the latest DIN 4512 revisions were replaced by corresponding ISO standards, DIN 4512-1:1993-05 by DIN ISO 6:1996-02 in September 2000, DIN 4512-4:1985-08 by DIN ISO 2240:1998-06 and DIN 4512-5:1990-11 by DIN ISO 5800:1998-06 both in July 2002.

question: What took the place of the German DIN 4512 system?, answer: ISO 6:1974, ISO 2240:1982, and ISO 5800:1979 | question: How is sensitivity shown in the ISO systems?, answer: in linear and logarithmic form as "ISO 100/21°" | question: What standards did the DIN begin to use?, answer: ISO standards | question: When were the ISO standards first adopted?, answer: in the 1980s | question: When were the last ISO standards adopted?, answer: July 2002
On ancient reliefs, especially from Mesopotamia, kings are often depicted as hunters of big game such as lions and are often portrayed hunting from a war chariot. The cultural and psychological importance of hunting in ancient societies is represented by deities such as the horned god Cernunnos and lunar goddesses of classical antiquity, the Greek Artemis or Roman Diana. Taboos are often related to hunting, and mythological association of prey species with a divinity could be reflected in hunting restrictions such as a reserve surrounding a temple. Euripides' tale of Artemis and Actaeon, for example, may be seen as a caution against disrespect of prey or impudent boasting.

question: What are kings often depicted as on ancient reliefs?, answer: hunters | question: What are the kings portrayed as hunting?, answer: big game | question: How was the cultural importance of hunting in ancient societies represented?, answer: by deities | question: What could the mythological association of prey species with divinity be a form of?, answer: hunting restrictions | question: What might the meaning of Euripides' tale be seen as a caution against?, answer: disrespect of prey | question: Kings were depicted as hunting what big game from a chariot?, answer: lions | question: What is often related to hunting?, answer: Taboos | question: Deities represent what importance?, answer: cultural and psychological | question: What tale is seen as cautions against disrespecting prey or impudent boasting?, answer: Euripides' tale of Artemis and Actaeon
On average, the mountains of the western states receive the highest levels of snowfall on Earth. The greatest annual snowfall level is at Mount Rainier in Washington, at 692 inches (1,758 cm); the record there was 1,122 inches (2,850 cm) in the winter of 1971–72. This record was broken by the Mt. Baker Ski Area in northwestern Washington which reported 1,140 inches (2,896 cm) of snowfall for the 1998-99 snowfall season. Other places with significant snowfall outside the Cascade Range are the Wasatch Mountains, near the Great Salt Lake, the San Juan Mountains in Colorado, and the Sierra Nevada, near Lake Tahoe.

question: Which mountainous region receives the highest snowfall on Earth?, answer: mountains of the western states | question: Which mountain in Washington receives the most amount of snowfall?, answer: Mount Rainier | question: What is the record amount of snowfall at Mount Rainer?, answer: 1,122 inches | question: In what year did Mount Rainer receive a record amount of snowfall?, answer: 1998-99 | question: The Sierra Nevadas are located near which lake?, answer: Lake Tahoe
On basic Church teachings, the pope was unwavering. On the tenth anniversary of Humanae vitae, he reconfirmed this teaching. In his style and methodology, he was a disciple of Pius XII, whom he deeply revered. He suffered for the attacks on Pius XII for his alleged silences during the Holocaust. Pope Paul VI was less outstanding than his predecessors: he was not credited with an encyclopedic memory, nor a gift for languages, nor the brilliant writing style of Pius XII, nor did he have the charisma and outpouring love, sense of humor and human warmth of John XXIII. He took on himself the unfinished reform work of these two popes, bringing them diligently with great humility and common sense and without much fanfare to conclusion. In doing so, Paul VI saw himself following in the footsteps of the Apostle Paul, torn to several directions as Saint Paul, who said, "I am attracted to two sides at once, because the Cross always divides."

question: What was Pius XII accused of not condemning?, answer: Holocaust | question: Whose theology did Paul VI continue to propagate during his papacy?, answer: Pius XII | question: What type of work did Paul Vi finish that had been started by two previous popes?, answer: reform | question: On which anniversary of his Humanae Vitae did Paul VI reconfirm the beliefs set forth by the Humanae Vitae?, answer: tenth | question: Which pope that preceded Paul VI was noted for his warmth and humor?, answer: John XXIII
On election day (6 May 2010), The Sun urged its readers to vote for David Cameron's "modern and positive" Conservatives in order to save Britain from "disaster" which the paper thought the country would face if the Labour government was re-elected. The election ended in the first hung parliament after an election for 36 years, with the Tories gaining the most seats and votes but being 20 seats short of an overall majority. They finally came to power on 11 May when Gordon Brown stepped down as prime minister, paving the way for David Cameron to become prime minister by forming a coalition with the Liberal Democrats.

question: Who did The Sun advocate for the 2010 election?, answer: David Cameron | question: What did The Sun fear would result from election of the Labour Party?, answer: disaster | question: What was the outcome of the general election?, answer: hung parliament | question: Which party came to power after the election?, answer: Tories | question: Who did David Cameron align with in order to become Prime Minister?, answer: Liberal Democrats
On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921. Although Hayek met Wittgenstein on only a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought. In his later years, Hayek recalled a discussion of philosophy with Wittgenstein, when both were officers during World War I. After Wittgenstein's death, Hayek had intended to write a biography of Wittgenstein and worked on collecting family materials; and he later assisted biographers of Wittgenstein.

question: Who was among the first readers of Ludwig Wittgenstein's book?, answer: Hayek | question: How often times did Hayek and Wittgenstein meet?, answer: on only a few occasions | question: Whose philosophy heavily influenced Hayek?, answer: Ludwig Wittgenstein | question: What did Wittgenstein and Hayek do during the first world war?, answer: both were officers | question: What was the name of the book Wittgenstein published in 1921?, answer: Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
On leaving the University of Oxford, in 1676, Edmond Halley visited Saint Helena and set up an astronomical observatory with a 7.3-metre-long (24 ft) aerial telescope with the intention of studying stars from the Southern Hemisphere. The site of this telescope is near Saint Mathew's Church in Hutt's Gate, in the Longwood district. The 680-metre (2,230 ft) high hill there is named for him and is called Halley's Mount.

question: Who set up an astronomical observatory on Saint Helena?, answer: Edmond Halley | question: What university did Edmond Halley attend?, answer: University of Oxford | question: How many feet was the telescope that was set up in the observatory?, answer: 24 | question: What district is the telescope set up in?, answer: Longwood district | question: What hemisphere of stars did Edmond Halley want to study with the telescope?, answer: Southern
On matchdays, in a tradition going back to 1962, players walk out to the theme tune to Z-Cars, named "Johnny Todd", a traditional Liverpool children's song collected in 1890 by Frank Kidson which tells the story of a sailor betrayed by his lover while away at sea, although on two separate occasions in the 1994, they ran out to different songs. In August 1994, the club played 2 Unlimited's song "Get Ready For This", and a month later, a reworking of the Creedence Clearwater Revival classic "Bad Moon Rising". Both were met with complete disapproval by Everton fans.

question: What is the name of the theme song that players walk out to on Everton matchdays?, answer: Johnny Todd | question: Where did "Johnny Todd"--the theme song for Everton matchdays--originate?, answer: Liverpool | question: What year did the Everton players walk out to a song other than "Johnny Todd"?, answer: 1994 | question: What was the reaction of the crowd to the Everton replacement theme songs in 1994?, answer: disapproval | question: What song did the Everton club replace its player walkout theme with in August 1994?, answer: Get Ready For This
On one hand, this means that the Belgian political landscape, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties. The Brussels region emerges as a third component. This specific dual form of federalism, with the special position of Brussels, consequently has a number of political issues—even minor ones—that are being fought out over the Dutch/French-language political division. With such issues, a final decision is possible only in the form of a compromise. This tendency gives this dual federalism model a number of traits that generally are ascribed to confederalism, and makes the future of Belgian federalism contentious.

question: How many components does the Belgian political landscape include?, answer: two components | question: What are the two components in the Belgian political landscape?, answer: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels | question: What component is the Brussel Region?, answer: third component | question: What happens with the Brussels special position?, answer: consequently has a number of political issues
On runways, green lights indicate the beginning of the runway for landing, while red lights indicate the end of the runway. Runway edge lighting consists of white lights spaced out on both sides of the runway, indicating the edge. Some airports have more complicated lighting on the runways including lights that run down the centerline of the runway and lights that help indicate the approach (an approach lighting system, or ALS). Low-traffic airports may use pilot controlled lighting to save electricity and staffing costs.

question: On runways, what indicate the beginning of the runway for landing?, answer: green lights | question: On runways, what indicate the end of the runway?, answer: red lights | question: What indicates the edge of a runway?, answer: white lights | question: What may low-traffic airports use to save electricity and staffing costs?, answer: pilot controlled lighting | question: What does ALS stand for?, answer: approach lighting system
On the 1st of January 1901 the nation-state of Australia officially came into existence as a federation. The Australian continent was colonised by the United Kingdom in 1788, which subsequently established six, eventually self-governing, colonies there. In the 1890s the governments of these colonies all held referendums on becoming a unified, self-governing "Commonwealth" within the British Empire. When all the colonies voted in favour of federation, the Federation of Australia commenced, resulting in the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. The model of Australian federalism adheres closely to the original model of the United States of America, although it does so through a parliamentary Westminster system rather than a presidential system.

question: What happened on January 1st 1901?, answer: nation-state of Australia officially came into existence as a federation | question: When did the United Kingdom colonized the Australian continent?, answer: 1788 | question: Which model is of federalism is similar to the federalism model in Australia?, answer: United States of America | question: What was established when Australia was colonized?, answer: six, eventually self-governing, colonies
On the French side, planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential. General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss. However, planning for the next encounter was more based upon the reality of unfolding events rather than emotion or pride, as Intendant General Wolff told him and his staff that supply beyond the Saar would be impossible. Therefore, the armies of France would take up a defensive position that would protect against every possible attack point, but also left the armies unable to support each other.

question: Which disaster made French planning supremely essential?, answer: the disaster at Wissembourg | question: Which general was determined to go on the attack over Saar?, answer: General Le Bœuf | question: Planning for the next battle was less based on emotion and more focused on what?, answer: the reality of unfolding events | question: Who told LeBoeuf that supply beyond the Saar would be impossible?, answer: General Wolff | question: What did the French armies decide on to protect against every possible attack point?, answer: a defensive position
On the Indian subcontinent, the Mughal Empire ruled most of India in the early 18th century. The "classic period" ended with the death and defeat of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707 by the rising Hindu Maratha Empire, although the dynasty continued for another 150 years. During this period, the Empire was marked by a highly centralized administration connecting the different regions. All the significant monuments of the Mughals, their most visible legacy, date to this period which was characterised by the expansion of Persian cultural influence in the Indian subcontinent, with brilliant literary, artistic, and architectural results. The Maratha Empire was located in the south west of present-day India and expanded greatly under the rule of the Peshwas, the prime ministers of the Maratha empire. In 1761, the Maratha army lost the Third Battle of Panipat which halted imperial expansion and the empire was then divided into a confederacy of Maratha states.

question: Who ruled most of India in the early 18th century?, answer: Mughal Empire | question: How did the "Classic Period" end?, answer: the death and defeat of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707 | question: Who was behind the death off Emperor Aurangzeb?, answer: Hindu Maratha Empire | question: Where was the The Maratha Empire centralized?, answer: south west of present-day India | question: What happened when the Maratha Army lost the third battle of Panipat?, answer: the empire was then divided into a confederacy of Maratha states. | question: Who ruled most of India in the 18 century?, answer: Mughal Empire | question: What event ended the "classic period"?, answer: the death and defeat of Emperor Aurangzeb | question: What caused the death of Emperor Auranzeb?, answer: the rising Hindu Maratha Empire, | question: Where was the Maratha Empire centralized?, answer: south west of present-day India | question: What caused the Maratha Empire to split in 1761?, answer: the Maratha army lost the Third Battle of Panipat
On the Origin of Species was first published on Thursday 24 November 1859, priced at fifteen shillings with a first printing of 1250 copies. The book had been offered to booksellers at Murray's autumn sale on Tuesday 22 November, and all available copies had been taken up immediately. In total, 1,250 copies were printed but after deducting presentation and review copies, and five for Stationers' Hall copyright, around 1,170 copies were available for sale. Significantly, 500 were taken by Mudie's Library, ensuring that the book promptly reached a large number of subscribers to the library. The second edition of 3,000 copies was quickly brought out on 7 January 1860, and incorporated numerous corrections as well as a response to religious objections by the addition of a new epigraph on page ii, a quotation from Charles Kingsley, and the phrase "by the Creator" added to the closing sentence. During Darwin's lifetime the book went through six editions, with cumulative changes and revisions to deal with counter-arguments raised. The third edition came out in 1861, with a number of sentences rewritten or added and an introductory appendix, An Historical Sketch of the Recent Progress of Opinion on the Origin of Species, while the fourth in 1866 had further revisions. The fifth edition, published on 10 February 1869, incorporated more changes and for the first time included the phrase "survival of the fittest", which had been coined by the philosopher Herbert Spencer in his Principles of Biology (1864).

question: What was the cost for the first published copies of On the Origin of Species?, answer: fifteen shillings | question: How many copies of On the Origin of Species were created in the first printing?, answer: 1250 copies | question: Where was the book, On the Origin of Species first offered for sale?, answer: Murray's autumn sale | question: How many editions did On the Origin of Species go through during Darwin's lifetime?, answer: six editions | question: Which institution bought 500 copies of the book, ensuring that a large number of people would have access to it?, answer: Mudie's Library
On the Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the Beagle expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation.

question: When was the Origin of Species published?, answer: 24 November 1859 | question: Who wrote The Origin of Species?, answer: Charles Darwin | question: What branch of biology was The Origin of Species founded on?, answer: evolutionary biology | question: What was the expedition called that Charles Darwin discovered some of his evidence?, answer: Beagle expedition | question: How do populations evolve according to Charles Darwin's theory?, answer: through a process of natural selection
On the afternoon of Gaddafi's death, NTC Prime Minister Mahmoud Jibril publicly revealed the news. Gaddafi's corpse was placed in the freezer of a local market alongside the corpses of Yunis Jabr and Mutassim; the bodies were publicly displayed for four days, with Libyans from all over the country coming to view them. In response to international calls, on 24 October Jibril announced that a commission would investigate Gaddafi's death. On 25 October, the NTC announced that Gaddafi had been buried at an unidentified location in the desert; Al Aan TV showed amateur video footage of the funeral. Seeking vengeance for the killing, Gaddafist sympathisers fatally wounded one of those who had captured Gaddafi, Omran Shaaban, near Bani Walid in September 2012.

question: Who was the prime minister of the NTC?, answer: Mahmoud Jibril | question: For how many days was Gaddafi's corpse displayed in public?, answer: four | question: Who was killed by Gaddafi supporters for his role in Gaddafi's capture?, answer: Omran Shaaban | question: Near what town was Oran Shaaban killed?, answer: Bani Walid | question: On what date did the NTC announce Gaddafi's burial?, answer: 25 October