lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
But Amnesty International found no evidence that UNFPA had supported the coercion. A 2001 study conducted by the pro-life Population Research Institute (PRI) falsely claimed that the UNFPA shared an office with the Chinese family planning officials who were carrying out forced abortions. "We located the family planning offices, and in that family planning office, we located the UNFPA office, and we confirmed from family planning officials there that there is no distinction between what the UNFPA does and what the Chinese Family Planning Office does," said Scott Weinberg, a spokesman for PRI. However, United Nations Members disagreed and approved UNFPA’s new country program me in January 2006. The more than 130 members of the “Group of 77” developing countries in the United Nations expressed support for the UNFPA programmes. In addition, speaking for European democracies -- Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, the Netherlands, France, Belgium, Switzerland and Germany -- the United Kingdom stated, ”UNFPA’s activities in China, as in the rest of the world, are in strict conformity with the unanimously adopted Programme of Action of the ICPD, and play a key role in supporting our common endeavor, the promotion and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms.”

question: What organization found no evidence that UNFPA had supported Chinese coercion?, answer: Amnesty International | question: In 2001, what organization accused UNFPA of sharing office space with Chinese family planning officials?, answer: Population Research Institute | question: In January 2006, who approved UNFPA's new country programme?, answer: United Nations Members | question: How many members does the “Group of 77” have?, answer: 130 | question: Who, speaking for the European democracies, also defended UNFPA?, answer: the United Kingdom
But Bt cotton is ineffective against many cotton pests, however, such as plant bugs, stink bugs, and aphids; depending on circumstances it may still be desirable to use insecticides against these. A 2006 study done by Cornell researchers, the Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy and the Chinese Academy of Science on Bt cotton farming in China found that after seven years these secondary pests that were normally controlled by pesticide had increased, necessitating the use of pesticides at similar levels to non-Bt cotton and causing less profit for farmers because of the extra expense of GM seeds. However, a 2009 study by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Stanford University and Rutgers University refuted this. They concluded that the GM cotton effectively controlled bollworm. The secondary pests were mostly miridae (plant bugs) whose increase was related to local temperature and rainfall and only continued to increase in half the villages studied. Moreover, the increase in insecticide use for the control of these secondary insects was far smaller than the reduction in total insecticide use due to Bt cotton adoption. A 2012 Chinese study concluded that Bt cotton halved the use of pesticides and doubled the level of ladybirds, lacewings and spiders. The International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) said that, worldwide, GM cotton was planted on an area of 25 million hectares in 2011. This was 69% of the worldwide total area planted in cotton.

question: In what year did a research study find that the use of Bt toxin plants failed to be effective after 7 years?, answer: 2006 | question: On what did a 2009 study conclude that increased insects were dependent?, answer: temperature and rainfall | question: What did a 2012 study suggest was halved by the use of GM plants?, answer: pesticides | question: What did the 2012 study say was doubled by the use of GM cotton?, answer: ladybirds, lacewings and spiders | question: How much of the Earth's cotton crops are planted in GM cotton?, answer: 69%
But Hanover is not only one of the most important Exhibition Cities in the world, it is also one of the German capitals for marksmen. The Schützenfest Hannover is the largest Marksmen's Fun Fair in the world and takes place once a year (late June to early July) (2014 - July 4th to the 13th). It consists of more than 260 rides and inns, five large beer tents and a big entertainment programme. The highlight of this fun fair is the 12 kilometres (7 mi) long Parade of the Marksmen with more than 12.000 participants from all over the world, among them around 5.000 marksmen, 128 bands and more than 70 wagons, carriages and big festival vehicles. It is the longest procession in Europe. Around 2 million people visit this fun fair every year. The landmark of this Fun Fair is the biggest transportable Ferris Wheel in the world (60 m or 197 ft high). The origins of this fun fair is located in the year 1529.

question: What is Hanover a German capital for?, answer: marksmen | question: What is the name of the largest Marksmen's Fun Fair in the world?, answer: Schützenfest Hannover | question: How many rides and inns does the fair have?, answer: more than 260 | question: How many participants are int he Parade of the Marksmen?, answer: 12.000 | question: What year can the festival be traced back to?, answer: 1529
But after emancipation, a sense of a unified French Jewry emerged, especially when France was wracked by the Dreyfus affair in the 1890s. In the 1920s and 1930s, Ashkenazi Jews from Europe arrived in large numbers as refugees from antisemitism, the Russian revolution, and the economic turmoil of the Great Depression. By the 1930s, Paris had a vibrant Yiddish culture, and many Jews were involved in diverse political movements. After the Vichy years and the Holocaust, the French Jewish population was augmented once again, first by Ashkenazi refugees from Central Europe, and later by Sephardi immigrants and refugees from North Africa, many of them francophone.

question: When did the Dreyfus affair occur?, answer: 1890s | question: In what years did large numbers of Jews arrive in France?, answer: the 1920s and 1930s | question: What three factors led to large numbers of Jews moving to France?, answer: antisemitism, the Russian revolution, and the economic turmoil of the Great Depression | question: By the 1930s, Paris was noted for which two things related to Jews?, answer: a vibrant Yiddish culture, and many Jews were involved in diverse political movements
But although it meets the definition of outer space, the atmospheric density within the first few hundred kilometers above the Kármán line is still sufficient to produce significant drag on satellites. Most artificial satellites operate in this region called low Earth orbit and must fire their engines every few days to maintain orbit.[citation needed] The drag here is low enough that it could theoretically be overcome by radiation pressure on solar sails, a proposed propulsion system for interplanetary travel.[citation needed] Planets are too massive for their trajectories to be significantly affected by these forces, although their atmospheres are eroded by the solar winds.

question: Where do most satellites operate?, answer: low Earth orbit | question: What system could possibly be used for interplanetary travel?, answer: solar sails | question: why do satellites need to fire engines every few day to keep orbit?, answer: atmospheric density | question: above what line location in outer space to satellites orbit?, answer: Kármán line
But early in the 16th century, a brilliant new red appeared in Europe. When the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés and his soldiers conquered the Aztec Empire in 1519-1521, they discovered slowly that the Aztecs had another treasure beside silver and gold; they had the tiny cochineal, a parasitic scale insect which lived on cactus plants, which, when dried and crushed, made a magnificent red. The cochineal in Mexico was closely related to the Kermes varieties of Europe, but unlike European Kermes, it could be harvested several times a year, and it was ten times stronger than the Kermes of Poland. It worked particularly well on silk, satin and other luxury textiles. In 1523 Cortes sent the first shipment to Spain. Soon cochineal began to arrive in European ports aboard convoys of Spanish galleons.

question: Which conquistador from Spain conquered the Aztec Empire?, answer: Hernán Cortés | question: In what century did a new kind of red pigment arrive in Europe from the Aztec Empire?, answer: 16th | question: During what years was the Aztec Empire conquered?, answer: 1519-1521 | question: In what year did Cortes send the first cochineal to Spain?, answer: 1523 | question: How often could the Mexican cochineal be harvested?, answer: several times a year
But house was also being developed on Ibiza,[citation needed] although no house artists or labels were coming from this tiny island at the time. By the mid-1980s a distinct Balearic mix of house was discernible.[citation needed] Several clubs such as Amnesia with DJ Alfredo were playing a mix of rock, pop, disco and house. These clubs, fueled by their distinctive sound and Ecstasy, began to have an influence on the British scene. By late 1987, DJs such as Trevor Fung, Paul Oakenfold and Danny Rampling were bringing the Ibiza sound to UK clubs such as the Haçienda in Manchester, and in London clubs such as Shoom in Southwark, Heaven, Future and Spectrum.

question: what tiny island was house music also being devloped on?, answer: Ibiza | question: what was a popular club in ibiza that started playing dance and house music?, answer: Amnesia | question: who was the DJ at Amnesia in the mid 80s?, answer: DJ Alfredo | question: who were some of the DJs that brought the ibiza sound to uk clubs in late 1987?, answer: Trevor Fung, Paul Oakenfold and Danny Rampling | question: what was the name of the big dance club in Manchester UK in the late 80s?, answer: Haçienda
But in statistical mechanics things get more complicated. On one hand, statistical mechanics is far superior to classical thermodynamics, in that thermodynamic behavior, such as glass breaking, can be explained by the fundamental laws of physics paired with a statistical postulate. But statistical mechanics, unlike classical thermodynamics, is time-reversal symmetric. The second law of thermodynamics, as it arises in statistical mechanics, merely states that it is overwhelmingly likely that net entropy will increase, but it is not an absolute law.

question: How are things in statistical mechanics?, answer: complicated | question: What are superior to classical thermodynamics?, answer: statistical mechanics | question: In order to explain glass breaking, Fundamental laws of physics can be paired with what?, answer: a statistical postulate | question: Is statistical mechanics asymmetric or symmetric in regards to time-reversal?, answer: symmetric | question: What kind of law is the second law of thermodynamics, as it arises in statistical mechanics?, answer: not an absolute law
But in the mid-18th century, during the French Enlightenment, a more ideological use of the term had come into use. In 1765, the author of an anonymous article in a French Enlightenment periodical spoke of "The general love of humanity ... a virtue hitherto quite nameless among us, and which we will venture to call 'humanism', for the time has come to create a word for such a beautiful and necessary thing". The latter part of the 18th and the early 19th centuries saw the creation of numerous grass-roots "philanthropic" and benevolent societies dedicated to human betterment and the spreading of knowledge (some Christian, some not). After the French Revolution, the idea that human virtue could be created by human reason alone independently from traditional religious institutions, attributed by opponents of the Revolution to Enlightenment philosophes such as Rousseau, was violently attacked by influential religious and political conservatives, such as Edmund Burke and Joseph de Maistre, as a deification or idolatry of humanity. Humanism began to acquire a negative sense. The Oxford English Dictionary records the use of the word "humanism" by an English clergyman in 1812 to indicate those who believe in the "mere humanity" (as opposed to the divine nature) of Christ, i.e., Unitarians and Deists. In this polarised atmosphere, in which established ecclesiastical bodies tended to circle the wagons and reflexively oppose political and social reforms like extending the franchise, universal schooling, and the like, liberal reformers and radicals embraced the idea of Humanism as an alternative religion of humanity. The anarchist Proudhon (best known for declaring that "property is theft") used the word "humanism" to describe a "culte, déification de l’humanité" ("worship, deification of humanity") and Ernest Renan in L’avenir de la science: pensées de 1848 ("The Future of Knowledge: Thoughts on 1848") (1848–49), states: "It is my deep conviction that pure humanism will be the religion of the future, that is, the cult of all that pertains to humanity—all of life, sanctified and raised to the level of a moral value."

question: During which period was the philosophy of humanism next updated?, answer: French Enlightenment | question: What was the criticism of Humanism made by conservatives of the time?, answer: idolatry of humanity | question: Who continued to support the belief system despite its critics?, answer: liberal reformers and radicals | question: Who felt that humanism would surely be a major "religion" today?, answer: Ernest Renan
But the peace in the state did not last long, the elections of 1875 caused new hostilities. Ángel Trías led a new movement against the government in June 1875 and maintained control over the government until September 18, 1875 when Donato Guerra the orchestrator of the Revolution of the North was captured. Donato Guerra was assassinated in a suburb of Chihuahua City where he was incarcerated for conspiring with Ángel Trías. During October 1875 several locations were controlled by rebel forces, but the government finally regained control on November 25, 1875.

question: The elections of which year caused new hostilities?, answer: 1875 | question: Who led a movement against the government in June of 1875?, answer: Ángel Trías | question: Which orchestrator of the Revolution of the North was captured?, answer: Donato Guerra | question: Guerra was assassinated in a suburb of which city?, answer: Chihuahua City | question: With whom was he said to have conspired?, answer: Ángel Trías
But von Neumann, who had participated at the Congress, confirmed his fame as an instantaneous thinker, and in less than a month was able to communicate to Gödel himself an interesting consequence of his theorem: namely that the usual axiomatic systems are unable to demonstrate their own consistency. However, Gödel had already discovered this consequence, now known as his second incompleteness theorem and sent von Neumann a preprint of his article containing both incompleteness theorems. Von Neumann acknowledged Gödel's priority in his next letter. He never thought much of "the American system of claiming personal priority for everything."

question: How long did it take von Neumann to figure a response to theory of incompleteness?, answer: less than a month | question: What was the consequence of the theory of incompleteness?, answer: usual axiomatic systems are unable to demonstrate their own consistency | question: Upon revising the theory of incompleteness, what was the name of the new Godel theory?, answer: second incompleteness theorem
But, like many colors, it also had a negative association, with heat, destruction and evil. A prayer to god Isis said: "Oh Isis, protect me from all things evil and red." The ancient Egyptians began manufacturing pigments in about 4000 BC. Red ochre was widely used as a pigment for wall paintings, particularly as the skin color of men. An ivory painter's palette found inside the tomb of King Tutankhamun had small compartments with pigments of red ochre and five other colors. The Egyptians used the root of the rubia, or madder plant, to make a dye, later known as alizarin, and also used it to color white power to use as a pigment, which became known as madder lake, alizarin or alizarin crimson.

question: When did Egyptians start to make red pigment?, answer: 4000 BC | question: What pigment was used for male skin tone in ancient wall art?, answer: Red ochre | question: What root did Egyptians use to source their red pigment alizarin?, answer: the rubia | question: What dye did the Egyptians make using the madder plant?, answer: alizarin | question: What type of palette was found in Tutankhamun's tomb?, answer: ivory painter's palette
By 1 October 1950, the UN Command repelled the KPA northwards past the 38th parallel; the ROK Army crossed after them, into North Korea. MacArthur made a statement demanding the KPA's unconditional surrender. Six days later, on 7 October, with UN authorization, the UN Command forces followed the ROK forces northwards. The X Corps landed at Wonsan (in southeastern North Korea) and Riwon (in northeastern North Korea), already captured by ROK forces. The Eighth U.S. Army and the ROK Army drove up western Korea and captured Pyongyang city, the North Korean capital, on 19 October 1950. The 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team ("Rakkasans") made their first of two combat jumps during the Korean War on 20 October 1950 at Sunchon and Sukchon. The missions of the 187th were to cut the road north going to China, preventing North Korean leaders from escaping from Pyongyang; and to rescue American prisoners of war. At month's end, UN forces held 135,000 KPA prisoners of war. As they neared the Sino-Korean border, the UN forces in the west were divided from those in the east by 50–100 miles of mountainous terrain.

question: Who issued a statement calling for North Korea's unconditional surrender?, answer: MacArthur | question: Who authorized giving troops the ability to follow the North Korean forces north?, answer: the UN | question: How did the 187 Airborne Regimental Combat Team prevent North Korean leaders from fleeing?, answer: cut the road north going to China | question: How many North Korean prisoners of war were held by UN forces?, answer: 135,000
By 1200, the Swiss plateau comprised the dominions of the houses of Savoy, Zähringer, Habsburg, and Kyburg. Some regions (Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, later known as Waldstätten) were accorded the Imperial immediacy to grant the empire direct control over the mountain passes. With the extinction of its male line in 1263 the Kyburg dynasty fell in AD 1264; then the Habsburgs under King Rudolph I (Holy Roman Emperor in 1273) laid claim to the Kyburg lands and annexed them extending their territory to the eastern Swiss plateau.

question: In 1200, what area did the houses of Savoy, Zahringer, Habsburg, and Kyburg comprise?, answer: the Swiss plateau | question: In 1264 AD, what caused the Kyburg dynasty to fall?, answer: extinction of its male line in 1263 | question: Who claimed the Kyburg lands after their fall in 1264 AD?, answer: the Habsburgs | question: Which Holy Roman Emperor were the Habsburgs under in 1273 AD?, answer: King Rudolph I | question: What did the three regions of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden become known as?, answer: Waldstätten
By 1353, the three original cantons had joined with the cantons of Glarus and Zug and the Lucerne, Zürich and Bern city states to form the "Old Confederacy" of eight states that existed until the end of the 15th century. The expansion led to increased power and wealth for the federation. By 1460, the confederates controlled most of the territory south and west of the Rhine to the Alps and the Jura mountains, particularly after victories against the Habsburgs (Battle of Sempach, Battle of Näfels), over Charles the Bold of Burgundy during the 1470s, and the success of the Swiss mercenaries. The Swiss victory in the Swabian War against the Swabian League of Emperor Maximilian I in 1499 amounted to de facto independence within the Holy Roman Empire.

question: In what year did the three original cantons join with five other cantons to form the "Old Confederacy" of eight states?, answer: By 1353 | question: Which century did the Old Confederacy of the eight states exist until?, answer: end of the 15th century | question: What effect did the expansion of the three cantons into eight have on the status of the federation?, answer: increased power and wealth | question: By 1460, who controlled most of the territory south and west of the Rhine?, answer: the confederates | question: Which Swiss victory in 1499 amounted to de facto independence within the Holy Roman Empire?, answer: Swabian War
By 1620, the fishermen of England's West Country controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast. In 1627, William Payne, called St. John's "the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country". The population grew slowly in the 17th century and St. John's was the largest settlement in Newfoundland when English naval officers began to take censuses around 1675. The population would grow in the summers with the arrival of migratory fishermen. In 1680, fishing ships (mostly from South Devon) set up fishing rooms at St. John's, bringing hundreds of Irish men into the port to operate inshore fishing boats.

question: Who referred St. John's as St. "the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country" ?, answer: William Payne | question: When did censuses start being conducted in St. John's?, answer: 1675 | question: When did Irish men begin to operate inshore fishing boats in St. John's?, answer: 1680 | question: What grew during the summers in St. John's?, answer: population | question: Who controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast by 1620?, answer: fishermen
By 1640, the town's theocratic government and nine-square grid plan were in place, and the town was renamed Newhaven from Quinnipiac. However, the area north of New Haven remained Quinnipiac until 1678, when it was renamed Hamden. The settlement became the headquarters of the New Haven Colony. At the time, the New Haven Colony was separate from the Connecticut Colony, which had been established to the north centering on Hartford. One of the principal differences between the two colonies was that the New Haven colony was an intolerant theocracy that did not permit other churches to be established, while the Connecticut colony permitted the establishment of other churches.

question: How did New Haven colony differ from Connecticut colony in regard to religion?, answer: New Haven colony was an intolerant theocracy that did not permit other churches to be established | question: What was the name of the settlement before it was called New Haven?, answer: Quinnipiac | question: What was the name of the area north of New Haven changed to in 1678?, answer: Hamden | question: What was the town center of the Connecticut colony?, answer: Hartford | question: What type of government did the Puritan settlers establish?, answer: theocratic government | question: By what year did the Puritan settlers rename the area from Quinnipac to Newhaven?, answer: 1640 | question: In what year was the northern area of New Haven renamed Hamden?, answer: 1678 | question: What colony was located to the north of New Haven Colony, centered around the area known as Hartford?, answer: Connecticut Colony | question: What did New Haven Colony not permit that principally distinguished it from Connecticut Colony?, answer: other churches to be established | question: In 1678 what was the new name of the Northern part of New Haven?, answer: Hamden | question: New Haven Colony was separated from the Connecticut Colony which was located where?, answer: Hartford | question: What made New Haven different from the other colonies in Connecticut?, answer: an intolerant theocracy | question: Where was the headquarters of the New Haven Colony located?, answer: Quinnipiac