lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The early Western Han court simultaneously accepted the philosophical teachings of Legalism, Huang-Lao Daoism, and Confucianism in making state decisions and shaping government policy. However, the Han court under Emperor Wu gave Confucianism exclusive patronage. He abolished all academic chairs or erudites (bóshì 博士) not dealing with the Confucian Five Classics in 136 BC and encouraged nominees for office to receive a Confucian-based education at the Imperial University that he established in 124 BC. Unlike the original ideology espoused by Confucius, or Kongzi (551–479 BC), Han Confucianism in Emperor Wu's reign was the creation of Dong Zhongshu (179–104 BC). Dong was a scholar and minor official who aggregated the ethical Confucian ideas of ritual, filial piety, and harmonious relationships with five phases and yin-yang cosmologies. Much to the interest of the ruler, Dong's synthesis justified the imperial system of government within the natural order of the universe. The Imperial University grew in importance as the student body grew to over 30,000 by the 2nd century AD. A Confucian-based education was also made available at commandery-level schools and private schools opened in small towns, where teachers earned respectable incomes from tuition payments.

question: What philosophy was given exclusivity in the court during the rule of Emperor Wu?, answer: Confucianism | question: Who put an end to all erudites?, answer: Emperor Wu | question: How many students were in the Imperial University by the second century?, answer: over 30,000 | question: What type of philosophy was available for individuals at the commanderies?, answer: Confucian | question: Where did teachers make their money from at private schools?, answer: tuition payments
The early and mid-1980s saw economic trouble for Libya; from 1982 to 1986, the country's annual oil revenues dropped from $21 billion to $5.4 billion. Focusing on irrigation projects, 1983 saw construction start on "Gaddafi's Pet Project", the Great Man-Made River; although designed to be finished by the end of the decade, it remained incomplete at the start of the 21st century. Military spending increased, while other administrative budgets were cut back. Libya had long supported the FROLINAT militia in neighbouring Chad, and in December 1980, re-invaded Chad at the request of the Frolinat-controlled GUNT government to aid in the civil war; in January 1981, Gaddafi suggested a political merger. The Organisation of African Unity (OAU) rejected this, and called for a Libyan withdrawal, which came about in November 1981. The civil war resumed, and so Libya sent troops back in, clashing with French forces who supported the southern Chadian forces. Many African nations had tired of Libya's policies of interference in foreign affairs; by 1980, nine African states had cut off diplomatic relations with Libya, while in 1982 the OAU cancelled its scheduled conference in Tripoli in order to prevent Gaddafi gaining chairmanship. Proposing political unity with Morocco, in August 1984, Gaddafi and Moroccan monarch Hassan II signed the Oujda Treaty, forming the Arab-African Union; such a union was considered surprising due to the strong political differences and longstanding enmity that existed between the two governments. Relations remained strained, particularly due to Morocco's friendly relations with the U.S. and Israel; in August 1986, Hassan abolished the union. Domestic threats continued to plague Gaddafi; in May 1984, his Bab al-Azizia home was unsuccessfully attacked by a joint NFSL–Muslim Brotherhood militia, and in the aftermath 5000 dissidents were arrested.

question: How much money did Libya earn from oil in 1986?, answer: $5.4 billion | question: What was another name for the Great Man-Made River?, answer: Gaddafi's Pet Project | question: In what country did FROLINAT operate?, answer: Chad | question: In what year did the Libyan military pull out of Chad at the behest of the OAU?, answer: 1981 | question: Who was the ruler of Morocco in 1984?, answer: Hassan II
The early currency of the United States did not exhibit faces of presidents, as is the custom now; although today, by law, only the portrait of a deceased individual may appear on United States currency. In fact, the newly formed government was against having portraits of leaders on the currency, a practice compared to the policies of European monarchs. The currency as we know it today did not get the faces they currently have until after the early 20th century; before that "heads" side of coinage used profile faces and striding, seated, and standing figures from Greek and Roman mythology and composite Native Americans. The last coins to be converted to profiles of historic Americans were the dime (1946) and the Dollar (1971).

question: What condition does a person have to meet to be allowed by law on a coin?, answer: deceased | question: Having portraits of leaders on coins was compared to who's policies?, answer: European monarchs | question: When did modern day currency start getting the faces that they have?, answer: 20th century | question: Other than Greek and Roman mythology, who else was featured on the "heads" side of past coins?, answer: composite Native Americans | question: What was the last coin to be converted to the modern day style of having historic Americans on the face?, answer: Dollar
The early settlement was often subject to attack from sea and land, including periodic assaults from Spain and France (both of whom contested England's claims to the region), and pirates. These were combined with raids by Native Americans, who tried to protect themselves from so-called European "settlers," who in turn wanted to expand the settlement. The heart of the city was fortified according to a 1704 plan by Governor Johnson. Except those fronting Cooper River, the walls were largely removed during the 1720s.

question: Which country along with France contested England's claim to the Charleston region?, answer: Spain | question: Which group raided the settlement as a means to protect themselves from settlers?, answer: Native Americans | question: The majority of the fort walls were removed in what decade?, answer: 1720s | question: Whose 1704 plan was used to fortified the city?, answer: Governor Johnson | question: Beside European nations and Native Americans, who else attacked the Charleston settlement?, answer: pirates
The early synapsid mammalian ancestors were sphenacodont pelycosaurs, a group that produced the non-mammalian Dimetrodon. At the end of the Carboniferous period, this group diverged from the sauropsid line that led to today's reptiles and birds. The line following the stem group Sphenacodontia split-off several diverse groups of non-mammalian synapsids—sometimes referred to as mammal-like reptiles—before giving rise to the proto-mammals (Therapsida) in the early Mesozoic era. The modern mammalian orders arose in the Paleogene and Neogene periods of the Cenozoic era, after the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs 66 million years ago.

question: From which time period did birds and reptiles began to appear from?, answer: Carboniferous period | question: When did non-avian dinosaurs become extinct?, answer: 66 million years ago | question: Which early mammalian ancestor produced non-mammalian Dimetroden?, answer: sphenacodont pelycosaurs
The early track record of the CIA was poor, with the agency unable to provide sufficient intelligence about the Soviet takeovers of Romania and Czechoslovakia, the Soviet blockade of Berlin, and the Soviet atomic bomb project. In particular, the agency failed to predict the Chinese entry into the Korean War with 300,000 troops. The famous double agent Kim Philby was the British liaison to American Central Intelligence. Through him the CIA coordinated hundreds of airdrops inside the iron curtain, all compromised by Philby. Arlington Hall, the nerve center of CIA cryptanalysisl was compromised by Bill Weisband, a Russian translator and Soviet spy. The CIA would reuse the tactic of dropping plant agents behind enemy lines by parachute again on China, and North Korea. This too would be fruitless.

question: How many troops did the Chinese enter into the Korean War?, answer: 300,000 | question: Who compromised hundreds of airdrops?, answer: Kim Philby | question: Who was a Russian translator and Soviet Spy?, answer: Bill Weisband
The earth deity had power over the ghostly world, and it is believed that she was the deity behind the oracle. The older tales mentioned two dragons who were perhaps intentionally conflated. A female dragon named Delphyne (δελφύς, "womb"), who is obviously connected with Delphi and Apollo Delphinios, and a male serpent Typhon (τύφειν, "to smoke"), the adversary of Zeus in the Titanomachy, who the narrators confused with Python. Python was the good daemon (ἀγαθὸς δαίμων) of the temple as it appears in Minoan religion, but she was represented as a dragon, as often happens in Northern European folklore as well as in the East.

question: Who was the adversary of Zeus in the titanomachy?, answer: Typhon | question: Who did the narrator confuse with Phyton?, answer: Typhon | question: Who was represented as a dragon?, answer: Python
The ease of creating and sharing MP3s resulted in widespread copyright infringement. Major record companies argued that this free sharing of music reduced sales, and called it "music piracy". They reacted by pursuing lawsuits against Napster (which was eventually shut down and later sold) and against individual users who engaged in file sharing.

question: What kind of infringement resulted from sharing MP3s?, answer: copyright | question: What name did the record companies associate with MP3 file sharing?, answer: music piracy | question: Who was the target of the record companies?, answer: Napster | question: What happened to Napster?, answer: shut down and later sold
The east coast Appalachian system, originally forest covered, is relatively low and narrow and is bordered on the southeast and south by an important coastal plain. The Cordilleran system on the western side of the continent is lofty, broad and complicated having two branches, the Rocky Mountain System and the Pacific Mountain System. In between these mountain systems lie the Intermontaine Plateaus. Both the Columbia River and Colorado River rise far inland near the easternmost members of the Cordilleran system, and flow through plateaus and intermontaine basins to the ocean. Heavy forests cover the northwest coast, but elsewhere trees are found only on the higher ranges below the Alpine region. The intermontane valleys, plateaus and basins range from treeless to desert with the most arid region being in the southwest.

question: What originally covered the east coast of the Appalachians?, answer: forest | question: What are the two branches of the Cordilleran system?, answer: Rocky Mountain System and the Pacific Mountain System | question: Which two major rivers are located in the Cordilleran system?, answer: Columbia River and Colorado River | question: Which region of the Appalachians is the most arid?, answer: southwest
The eastern arm shows considerable diversity. In England it is generally long and may have two distinct sections, both choir and presbytery. It is often square ended or has a projecting Lady Chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. In France the eastern end is often polygonal and surrounded by a walkway called an ambulatory and sometimes a ring of chapels called a "chevet". While German churches are often similar to those of France, in Italy, the eastern projection beyond the transept is usually just a shallow apsidal chapel containing the sanctuary, as at Florence Cathedral.

question: In England, which arm would generally show two distinct sections, choir and presbytery?, answer: The eastern arm | question: Who is a projecting Lady Chapel dedicated to?, answer: the Virgin Mary | question: What shape does the eastern end often exhibit in France?, answer: polygonal | question: What is the ring of chapels found in the eastern end of French chapels known as?, answer: chevet | question: In Italy, the eastern projection beyond the transept often contains what?, answer: the sanctuary
The eastern shoreline of Funafuti Lagoon was modified during World War II when the airfield (what is now Funafuti International Airport) was constructed. The coral base of the atoll was used as fill to create the runway. The resulting borrow pits impacted the fresh-water aquifer. In the low areas of Funafuti the sea water can be seen bubbling up through the porous coral rock to form pools with each high tide. Since 1994 a project has been in development to assess the environmental impact of transporting sand from the lagoon to fill all the borrow pits and low-lying areas on Fongafale. In 2014 the Tuvalu Borrow Pits Remediation (BPR) project was approved in order to fill 10 borrow pits, leaving Tafua Pond, which is a natural pond. The New Zealand Government funded the BPR project. The project was carried out in 2015 with 365,000 sqm of sand being dredged from the lagoon to fill the holes and improve living conditions on the island. This project increase the usable land space on Fongafale by eight per cent.

question: What is the modern name for the air field built during WWII?, answer: Funafuti International Airport | question: What was damaged by building of the war time air field?, answer: Funafuti Lagoon | question: What has the pits from the Tuvalu air runways construction impacted?, answer: fresh-water aquifer | question: What government funded the restoration of the borrow pits on Tuvalu?, answer: New Zealand Government | question: How much increase in land space did the filling of the borrow pits cause?, answer: eight per cent
The easternmost section, about 10 miles (16 km) in width, consists of hilly land that runs along the western bank of the Tennessee River. To the west of this narrow strip of land is a wide area of rolling hills and streams that stretches all the way to the Mississippi River; this area is called the Tennessee Bottoms or bottom land. In Memphis, the Tennessee Bottoms end in steep bluffs overlooking the river. To the west of the Tennessee Bottoms is the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, less than 300 feet (90 m) above sea level. This area of lowlands, flood plains, and swamp land is sometimes referred to as the Delta region. Memphis is the economic center of West Tennessee and the largest city in the state.

question: What is the lowland area of Tennessee between the Tennessee River and Mississippi River called?, answer: Tennessee Bottoms | question: What geographical region lies west of the Tennessee bottom land?, answer: Mississippi Alluvial Plain | question: What maximum elevation is the land in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain?, answer: 300 feet (90 m) above sea level | question: What city is central to the economy of West Tennessee?, answer: Memphis
The ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Empire survived the movements and invasions in the west mostly intact, but the papacy was little regarded, and few of the western bishops looked to the bishop of Rome for religious or political leadership. Many of the popes prior to 750 were more concerned with Byzantine affairs and eastern theological controversies. The register, or archived copies of the letters, of Pope Gregory the Great (pope 590–604) survived, and of those more than 850 letters, the vast majority were concerned with affairs in Italy or Constantinople. The only part of Western Europe where the papacy had influence was Britain, where Gregory had sent the Gregorian mission in 597 to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity. Irish missionaries were most active in Western Europe between the 5th and the 7th centuries, going first to England and Scotland and then on to the continent. Under such monks as Columba (d. 597) and Columbanus (d. 615), they founded monasteries, taught in Latin and Greek, and authored secular and religious works.

question: When did Gregory the Great become pope?, answer: 590 | question: About how many of Gregory's letters were concerned with Constantinople or Italy?, answer: 850 | question: In what region of Western Europe did the pope have influence?, answer: Britain | question: When did the Gregorian mission travel to Britain?, answer: 597 | question: When did Columbanus die?, answer: 615
The economic output of the metropolitan area alone is worth more than one third of national GDP around $6.5billion in terms of nominal GDP NR.s 550 billion approximately per year $2200 per capital income approx three times national average. Kathmandu exports handicrafts, artworks, garments, carpets, pashmina, paper; trade accounts for 21% of its finances.[which?] Manufacturing is also important and accounts for 19% of the revenue that Kathmandu generates. Garments and woolen carpets are the most notable manufactured products. Other economic sectors in Kathmandu include agriculture (9%), education (6%), transport (6%), and hotels and restaurants (5%). Kathmandu is famous for lokta paper and pashmina shawls.

question: Approximately what portion of Nepal's GDP is produced by the Kathmandu metropolitan area?, answer: one third | question: What do Kathmandu residents earn per capita each year?, answer: $2200 | question: What is the GDP of Kathmandu?, answer: 6.5billion | question: What percentage of Kathmandu's economy is trade?, answer: 21 | question: What portion of Kathmandu's economy consists of agriculture?, answer: 9%
The economic reforms of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari had a tremendous effect on the city, as a number of businesses, including banks and airlines, were privatized. He also signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This led to decentralization and a shift in Mexico City's economic base, from manufacturing to services, as most factories moved away to either the State of Mexico, or more commonly to the northern border. By contrast, corporate office buildings set their base in the city.

question: Who privatized the airlines of Mexico?, answer: President Carlos Salinas de Gortari | question: Who signed NAFTA for Mexico?, answer: President Carlos Salinas de Gortari | question: What did NAFTA do to the businesses in Mexico City?, answer: led to decentralization and a shift in Mexico City's economic base, from manufacturing to services | question: Where did the factories of Mexico City move to most commonly?, answer: northern border
The economic structure of the Empire was defined by its geopolitical structure. The Ottoman Empire stood between the West and the East, thus blocking the land route eastward and forcing Spanish and Portuguese navigators to set sail in search of a new route to the Orient. The Empire controlled the spice route that Marco Polo once used. When Vasco da Gama bypassed Ottoman controlled routes and established direct trade links with India in 1498, and Christopher Columbus first journeyed to the Bahamas in 1492, the Ottoman Empire was at its zenith.

question: What serviced as the foundation for the structure of the economy of the Ottoman empire?, answer: its geopolitical structure | question: The Ottoman Empire caused navigators from which two nations to find another route to the Orient?, answer: Spanish and Portuguese | question: Who once used the spice route that the Ottoman Empire controlled?, answer: Marco Polo | question: When were direct trade links established with India?, answer: 1498 | question: When did Christopher Columbus sail to the Bahamas?, answer: 1492
The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market. Hayek proposed that under the Rule of Law individuals would be able to make wise investments and future plans with some confidence in a successful return on investment when he stated: "under the Rule of Law the government is prevented from stultifying individual efforts by ad hoc action. Within the known rules of the game the individual is free to pursue his personal ends and desires, certain that the powers of government will not be used deliberately to frustrate his efforts."

question: What is F.A. Hayek's profession?, answer: economist | question: According to Hayek, with the rule of law in place what will help people make more wise investments?, answer: confidence in a successful return on investment | question: According to Hayek, limited governemnt power through the rule of law does not do what to people?, answer: frustrate his efforts | question: According to Hayek, people are free to do what within the rule of law?, answer: pursue his personal ends and desires
The economy began to recover in the early 1960s, and the city experienced explosive population growth through immigration spurred by the jobs created with the implementation of major urban projects and infrastructure improvements. With the advent of democracy in Spain, the ancient kingdom of Valencia was established as a new autonomous entity, the Valencian Community, the Statute of Autonomy of 1982 designating Valencia as its capital. On the night of 23 February 1981, shortly after Antonio Tejero had stormed Congress, the Captain General of the Third Military Region, Jaime Milans del Bosch, rose up in Valencia, put tanks on the streets, declared a state of emergency and tried to convince other senior military figures to support the coup. After the televised message of King Juan Carlos I, those in the military who had not yet aligned themselves decided to remain loyal to the government, and the coup failed. Despite this lack of support, Milans del Bosch only surrendered at 5 a.m. on the next day, 24 February.

question: When democracy began in Spain, what did the kingdom of Valencia become?, answer: the Valencian Community | question: Who led a coup in Valencia?, answer: Jaime Milans del Bosch | question: Whose message convinced much of the military to stay loyal?, answer: King Juan Carlos I | question: When did Milans del Bosch surrender?, answer: 24 February | question: What law made Valencia the capital of its region?, answer: Statute of Autonomy
The economy has been growing quickly in recent years. In both 2010 and 2011, the metro area's gross domestic product (GDP) led 27 other metropolitan areas in the country, according to the Conference Board of Canada, recording growth of 6.6 per cent and 5.8 per cent respectively. At $52,000 the city's per capita GDP is the second highest out of all major Canadian cities. Economic forecasts suggest that the city will continue its strong economic growth in the coming years not only in the "oceanic" industries mentioned above, but also in tourism and new home construction as the population continues to grow. In May 2011, the city's unemployment rate fell to 5.6 per cent, the second lowest unemployment rate for a major city in Canada.

question: What has been growing in the recent years?, answer: economy | question: When did the unemployment rate fall to 5.6 per cent?, answer: May 2011 | question: What was the city's unemployment rate in May 2011?, answer: 5.6 per cent | question: What is the city's per capita GDP?, answer: $52,000
The economy of Himachal Pradesh is currently the third-fastest growing economy in India.[citation needed] Himachal Pradesh has been ranked fourth in the list of the highest per capita incomes of Indian states. This has made it one of the wealthiest places in the entire South Asia. Abundance of perennial rivers enables Himachal to sell hydroelectricity to other states such as Delhi, Punjab, and Rajasthan. The economy of the state is highly dependent on three sources: hydroelectric power, tourism, and agriculture.[citation needed]

question: What is the third fastest growing economy in India?, answer: Himachal Pradesh | question: What is Himachal Pradesh ranked in the highest per capita of Indian States?, answer: fourth | question: What enables Himachal to sell hydroelectricity to other states?, answer: Abundance of perennial rivers | question: What three things is the economy of the state dependent on?, answer: hydroelectric power, tourism, and agriculture | question: What other Indian states does it sell hydroelectricity to?, answer: Delhi, Punjab, and Rajasthan