lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
From the end of World War II until 1971, when John Rawls published A Theory of Justice, political philosophy declined in the Anglo-American academic world, as analytic philosophers expressed skepticism about the possibility that normative judgments had cognitive content, and political science turned toward statistical methods and behavioralism. In continental Europe, on the other hand, the postwar decades saw a huge blossoming of political philosophy, with Marxism dominating the field. This was the time of Jean-Paul Sartre and Louis Althusser, and the victories of Mao Zedong in China and Fidel Castro in Cuba, as well as the events of May 1968 led to increased interest in revolutionary ideology, especially by the New Left. A number of continental European émigrés to Britain and the United States—including Karl Popper, Friedrich Hayek, Leo Strauss, Isaiah Berlin, Eric Voegelin and Judith Shklar—encouraged continued study in political philosophy in the Anglo-American world, but in the 1950s and 1960s they and their students remained at odds with the analytic establishment.

question: Who published A Theory of Justice?, answer: John Rawls | question: What did John Rawls publish?, answer: A Theory of Justice | question: What continent saw a huge blossoming of political philosophy?, answer: Europe | question: The events of May 1968 led to an increased interest in what?, answer: revolutionary ideology
From the end of the 1980s to the early 1990s, the FBI reassigned more than 300 agents from foreign counter-intelligence duties to violent crime, and made violent crime the sixth national priority. With reduced cuts to other well-established departments, and because terrorism was no longer considered a threat after the end of the Cold War, the FBI assisted local and state police forces in tracking fugitives who had crossed state lines, which is a federal offense. The FBI Laboratory helped develop DNA testing, continuing its pioneering role in identification that began with its fingerprinting system in 1924.

question: Did the FBI reassign agents from counter-intelligence to violent crime?, answer: the FBI reassigned more than 300 agents from foreign counter-intelligence duties to violent crime | question: What priority were violent crimes in the 1990s, according to the FBI?, answer: sixth national priority | question: Did the new priorities of the FBI mean cutting other departments?, answer: With reduced cuts to other well-established departments | question: Was terrorism considered a threat after the cold war?, answer: terrorism was no longer considered a threat | question: What agency pioneered DNA testing?, answer: The FBI
From the fifth century to the thirteenth, Śrauta sacrifices declined, and initiatory traditions of Buddhism, Jainism or more commonly Shaivism, Vaishnavism and Shaktism expanded in royal courts. This period produced some of India's finest art, considered the epitome of classical development, and the development of the main spiritual and philosophical systems which continued to be in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. Emperor Harsha of Kannauj succeeded in reuniting northern India during his reign in the 7th century, after the collapse of the Gupta dynasty. His empire collapsed after his death.

question: What declined from the 5th to the 13th centuries, answer: Śrauta sacrifices | question: What philosophical traditions developed during the period of the 5th to the 13th centuries?, answer: Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism | question: In what century was Harsha's rule?, answer: 7th century | question: What happened to Harsha's empire after his death?, answer: collapsed | question: What area did Harsha unite during his reign?, answer: northern India
From the first established world championship, the top professional wrestlers have garnered fame within mainstream society. Each successive generation has produced a number of wrestlers who extend their careers into the realms of music, acting, writing, business, politics or public speaking, and are known to those who are unfamiliar with wrestling in general. Conversely, celebrities from other sports or general pop culture also become involved with wrestling for brief periods of time. A prime example of this is The Rock 'n' Wrestling Connection of the 1980s, which combined wrestling with MTV.

question: What kind of notoriety have wrestlers achieved?, answer: fame within mainstream society | question: What did the Rock 'n' Wrestling Connection do?, answer: combined wrestling with MTV | question: What are some other career paths wrestlers embarked on?, answer: music, acting, writing, business, politics or public speaking
From the late 10th to late 7th centuries BC, the Iranian peoples, together with the pre-Iranian kingdoms, fell under the domination of the Assyrian Empire, based in northern Mesopotamia. Under king Cyaxares, the Medes and Persians entered into an alliance with Nabopolassar of Babylon, as well as the Scythians and the Cimmerians, and together they attacked the Assyrian Empire. The civil war ravaged the Assyrian Empire between 616 BC and 605 BC, thus freeing their respective peoples from three centuries of Assyrian rule. The unification of the Median tribes under a single ruler in 728 BC led to the foundation of the Median Empire which, by 612 BC, controlled the whole Iran and the eastern Anatolia. This marked the end of the Kingdom of Urartu as well, which was subsequently conquered and dissolved.

question: Who dominated the area of Irea between the 10th Century BC to the late 7th Century BC?, answer: the Assyrian Empire | question: When did this Civil War take place to free the Iranian peoples from Assyrian rule?, answer: between 616 BC and 605 BC | question: How long did the Assyrian Empire control and rule Iran?, answer: three centuries | question: Who lead the Persians into a coalition with the Medes, Babylon, Scythians, and Cimmerians to fight against the Assyrians?, answer: king Cyaxares | question: When did the Median tribes unify under a single ruler to form the Median Empire?, answer: 728 BC
From the late 18th century to the mid-19th century, large areas of India were annexed by the British East India Company of British Empire. Dissatisfaction with Company rule led to the Indian Rebellion of 1857, after which the British provinces of India were directly administered by the British Crown and witnessed a period of both rapid development of infrastructure and economic stagnation. During the first half of the 20th century, a nationwide struggle for independence was launched with the leading party involved being the Indian National Congress which was later joined by other organizations. The subcontinent gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, after the British provinces were partitioned into the dominions of India and Pakistan and the princely states all acceded to one of the new states.

question: What company annexed large areas of India in the 18th and 19th centuries?, answer: British East India Company | question: What effect did Company rule in India produce in 1857?, answer: Indian Rebellion | question: After the Rebellion who administered the British provinces of India?, answer: British Crown | question: The rapid development of what did British rule cause in India?, answer: infrastructure | question: What party was the leader in the Indian independence movement of the 20th century?, answer: Indian National Congress
From the late 19th century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry. This practice of hypodescent was not put into law until the early 20th century. Legally the definition varied from state to state. Racial definition was more flexible in the 18th and 19th centuries before the American Civil War. For instance, President Thomas Jefferson held persons who were legally white (less than 25% black) according to Virginia law at the time, but, because they were born to slave mothers, they were born into slavery, according to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia adopted into law in 1662.

question: What did the "one-drop" rule do?, answer: classify as black a person of any known African ancestry | question: When was the "one-drop" rule put into place?, answer: early 20th century. | question: When was racial definition more flexible?, answer: 18th and 19th centuries | question: What war changed the way the United States looked at race?, answer: the American Civil War | question: When did Virginia adopt The Principle of Partus Sequitur Ventrem?, answer: 1662
From the league's inception through ArenaBowl XVIII, the championship game was played at the home of the highest-seeded remaining team. The AFL then switched to a neutral-site championship, with ArenaBowls XIX and XX in Las Vegas. New Orleans Arena, home of the New Orleans VooDoo, served as the site of ArenaBowl XXI on July 29, 2007. This was the first professional sports championship to be staged in the city since Hurricane Katrina struck in August 2005. The San Jose SaberCats earned their third championship in six years by defeating the Columbus Destroyers 55–33. ArenaBowl XXI in New Orleans was deemed a success, and the city was chosen to host ArenaBowl XXII, in which the Philadelphia Soul defeated the defending champion San Jose Sabercats. In 2010, the location returned to being decided by which of the two participating teams was seeded higher. In ArenaBowl XXIII, the Spokane Shock defeated the Tampa Bay Storm at their home arena, Spokane Arena, in Spokane, Washington. In ArenaBowl XXIV, the Jacksonville Sharks, coming off of a victory in their conference final game four nights earlier, traveled to US Airways Center in Phoenix and defeated the Arizona Rattlers 73–70. ArenaBowl XXV returned to a neutral site and was once again played in New Orleans, where the Rattlers returned and defeated the Philadelphia Soul. Since 2014 the ArenaBowl has been played at the higher-seeded team.

question: Where did ArenaBowl XX take place?, answer: Las Vegas | question: What arena was ArenaBowl XXI played in?, answer: New Orleans Arena | question: On what date was ArenaBowl XXI played?, answer: July 29, 2007 | question: In what month and year did Hurricane Katrina occur?, answer: August 2005 | question: What team won ArenaBowl XXI?, answer: San Jose SaberCats
From the mid-1950s through the 1960s, in the U.S. the common home record player or "stereo" (after the introduction of stereo recording) would typically have had these features: a three- or four-speed player (78, 45, 33 1⁄3, and sometimes 16 2⁄3 rpm); with changer, a tall spindle that would hold several records and automatically drop a new record on top of the previous one when it had finished playing, a combination cartridge with both 78 and microgroove styli and a way to flip between the two; and some kind of adapter for playing the 45s with their larger center hole. The adapter could be a small solid circle that fit onto the bottom of the spindle (meaning only one 45 could be played at a time) or a larger adaptor that fit over the entire spindle, permitting a stack of 45s to be played.

question: What three speeds were sound on most home stereos in the mid 1950's?, answer: 78, 45, 33 1⁄3 | question: What feature of 45s required an adapter in most home stereos?, answer: larger center hole. | question: What feature was found on more home stereos that allowed continuous play between records?, answer: changer | question: What format was less common but could sometimes be found on home stereos?, answer: 16 2⁄3 rpm
From the mid-19th century on the opening hours of licensed premises in the UK were restricted. However licensing was gradually liberalised after the 1960s, until contested licensing applications became very rare, and the remaining administrative function was transferred to Local Authorities in 2005.

question: In what century were the operating hours of drinking establishments first limited?, answer: 19th | question: In what decade were the restrictions on public drinking establishment licenses loosened?, answer: 1960s | question: What bodies controlled drinking establishment licensing administration as of 2005?, answer: Local Authorities
From the middle of the 18th century, exploration and publication changed the course of British architecture towards a purer vision of the Ancient Greco-Roman ideal. James 'Athenian' Stuart's work The Antiquities of Athens and Other Monuments of Greece was very influential in this regard, as were Robert Wood's Palmyra and Baalbec. A combination of simple forms and high levels of enrichment was adopted by the majority of contemporary British architects and designers. The revolution begun by Stuart was soon to be eclipsed by the work of the Adam Brothers, James Wyatt, Sir William Chambers, George Dance, James Gandon and provincially based architects such as John Carr and Thomas Harrison of Chester.

question: What direction did British architecture go in mid 18th century?, answer: Ancient Greco-Roman ideal | question: What were Robert Wood's influential Greek monuments from mid 18th century?, answer: Palmyra and Baalbec | question: Who began the revolution of Greek influenced architecture in Britain?, answer: James 'Athenian' Stuart | question: What brothers were instrumental in this Greek movement of neoclassicism?, answer: Adam Brothers
From the middle of the 3rd century Germanic tribes regularly invaded the Roman territories. Around 275 the Romans could no longer maintain the northern border and Utrecht was abandoned. Little is known about the next period 270–650. Utrecht is first spoken of again several centuries after the Romans left. Under the influence of the growing realms of the Franks, during Dagobert I's reign in the 7th century, a church was built within the walls of the Roman fortress. In ongoing border conflicts with the Frisians this first church was destroyed.

question: Who raided German territories regularly, answer: Germanic tribes regularly invaded the Roman territories. | question: When did the Romans leave Utrecht, answer: Around 275 the Romans could no longer maintain the northern border and Utrecht was abandoned | question: What happens between 275 and 650, answer: Little is known about the next period 270–650. | question: What was built in the 7th century, answer: a church was built within the walls of the Roman fortress | question: How was the the church destroyed, answer: In ongoing border conflicts with the Frisians this first church was destroyed.
From the period of 1600, the canton consisted of a St George's Cross representing the Kingdom of England. With the Acts of Union 1707, the canton was updated to be the new Union Flag—consisting of an English St George's Cross combined with a Scottish St Andrew's cross—representing the Kingdom of Great Britain. After the Acts of Union 1800 that joined Ireland with Great Britain to form the United Kingdom, the canton of the East India Company flag was altered accordingly to include a Saint Patrick's Saltire replicating the updated Union Flag representing the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

question: in the period of 1600 what Canton cross repesented England, answer: St George's Cross | question: after the act of 1707 what was the second cross added to the Canton for great britian, answer: St Andrew's cross | question: IN what year did the canton become a flag with crosses on it and not just a cross?, answer: 1707 | question: in wat year did ireland join with great britian offically?, answer: 1800 | question: What is the name of the union that Ireland and Great Britian created when they came together?, answer: United Kingdom
From the second half of the 20th century on parties which continued to rely on donations or membership subscriptions ran into mounting problems. Along with the increased scrutiny of donations there has been a long-term decline in party memberships in most western democracies which itself places more strains on funding. For example, in the United Kingdom and Australia membership of the two main parties in 2006 is less than an 1/8 of what it was in 1950, despite significant increases in population over that period.

question: Why did parties that relied on donations or subscriptions run into problems?, answer: increased scrutiny of donations there has been a long-term decline in party memberships | question: When did parties that relied on donations start to run into problems?, answer: second half of the 20th century
From the start of the 20th century through the 1970s, the American tuna fishing fleet and tuna canning industry were based in San Diego, "the tuna capital of the world". San Diego's first tuna cannery was founded in 1911, and by the mid-1930s the canneries employed more than 1,000 people. A large fishing fleet supported the canneries, mostly staffed by immigrant fishermen from Japan, and later from the Portuguese Azores and Italy whose influence is still felt in neighborhoods like Little Italy and Point Loma. Due to rising costs and foreign competition, the last of the canneries closed in the early 1980s.

question: What nickname was San Diego given by the tuna canning industry in the 1970s?, answer: the tuna capital of the world | question: How many jobs were created by the mid-1930s thanks to San Diego's tuna cannery that was developed in 1911?, answer: more than 1,000 | question: Why were the canneries ultimately closed by the early 1980s?, answer: rising costs and foreign competition | question: Immigrants from what country were primarily hired by the fishing fleets that supported the canneries??, answer: Japan | question: From what region in Portugal did immigrants come from to work in San Diego's fishing industry?, answer: Portuguese Azores
From the years 1500 to 1850, an estimated 3.5 million captives were forcibly shipped from West/Central Africa to Brazil; the territory received the highest number of slaves of any country in the Americas. Scholars estimate that more than half of the Brazilian population is at least in part descended from these individuals. Brazil has the largest population of Afro-descendants outside of Africa. In contrast to the US, during the slavery period and after, the Portuguese colonial government and later Brazilian government did not pass formal anti-miscegenation or segregation laws. As in other Latin countries, intermarriage was prevalent during the colonial period and continued afterward. In addition, people of mixed race (pardo) often tended to marry white, and their descendants became accepted as white. As a result, some of the European descended population also has West African or Amerindian blood. According to the last census of the 20th century, in which Brazilians could choose from five color/ethnic categories with which they identified, 54% of individuals identified as white, 6.2% identified as black, and 39.5% identified as pardo (brown) — a broad multi-racial category, including tri-racial persons.

question: How many slaves were shipped from Africa to Brazil between 1500 and 1850?, answer: estimated 3.5 million | question: How much of the Brazilian population are descendants of slavery?, answer: more than half | question: Second to Africa, what is Brazil have the largest population of?, answer: Afro-descendants | question: What was not passed in Brazil during slavery?, answer: segregation laws | question: What was prevalent in Brazilian culture during slavery?, answer: intermarriage
From their beginnings in Sumer (now Iraq) around 3500 BC, the Mesopotamian people began to attempt to record some observations of the world with numerical data. But their observations and measurements were seemingly taken for purposes other than for elucidating scientific laws. A concrete instance of Pythagoras' law was recorded, as early as the 18th century BC: the Mesopotamian cuneiform tablet Plimpton 322 records a number of Pythagorean triplets (3,4,5) (5,12,13). ..., dated 1900 BC, possibly millennia before Pythagoras, but an abstract formulation of the Pythagorean theorem was not.

question: Where did the Mesopotamian people originate from?, answer: Sumer | question: How far back do the Mesopotamian people go?, answer: 3500 BC | question: What did the Mesopotamian use to record data about the world around them?, answer: numerical data | question: What was the earliest recording of Pythagoras' law?, answer: 18th century BC | question: Which tablet had Pythagorean triplets on it?, answer: Plimpton 322
Frustrated by the wasted effort, and with demands for action from their citizens, the allied force decided to attack the center of Russian strength in the Black Sea at Sevastopol on the Crimean peninsula. After extended preparations, the forces landed on the peninsula in September 1854 and fought their way to a point south of Sevastopol after a series of successful battles. The Russians counterattacked on 25 October in what became the Battle of Balaclava and were repulsed, but at the cost of seriously depleting the British Army forces. A second counterattack, ordered personally by Nicholas, was defeated by Omar Pasha. The front settled into a siege and led to horrible conditions for troops on both sides. Smaller actions were carried out in the Baltic, the Caucasus, the White Sea and in the North Pacific.

question: Near what sea did the allies decide to attack the Russians?, answer: Black Sea | question: In what year did the allies land on the Crimean peninsula?, answer: 1854 | question: The battle of Battle of Balaclava took place in what month?, answer: October | question: Who defeated Nicholas's second counter strike at the Battle of Balaclava?, answer: Omar Pasha | question: The Crimean peninsula is located in what city?, answer: Sevastopol
Frustration with censorship and editorial interference led to a group of Pilote cartoonists to found the adults-only L'Écho des savanes in 1972. Adult-oriented and experimental comics flourished in the 1970s, such as in the experimental science fiction of Mœbius and others in Métal hurlant, even mainstream publishers took to publishing prestige-format adult comics.

question: Pilote cartoonists were upset with censorship and what?, answer: editorial interference | question: When was L'Écho des savanes begun?, answer: 1972 | question: Métal hurlant was of what genre?, answer: science fiction | question: What format did adult comics begin to be published in?, answer: prestige
Full-featured USB Type-C cables are active, electronically marked cables that contain a chip with an ID function based on the configuration data channel and vendor-defined messages (VDMs) from the USB Power Delivery 2.0 specification. USB Type-C devices also support power currents of 1.5 A and 3.0 A over the 5 V power bus in addition to baseline 900 mA; devices can either negotiate increased USB current through the configuration line, or they can support the full Power Delivery specification using both BMC-coded configuration line and legacy BFSK-coded VBUS line.

question: Electronically marked cables have a chip that contains what?, answer: an ID function based on the configuration data channel and vendor-defined messages | question: What kind of cables does the fully featured USB Type-C contain?, answer: active, electronically marked cables | question: What is the shortened version of vendor-defined messages?, answer: (VDMs)