lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Plants uptake essential elements from the soil through their roots and from the air (consisting of mainly nitrogen and oxygen) through their leaves. Green plants obtain their carbohydrate supply from the carbon dioxide in the air by the process of photosynthesis. Carbon and oxygen are absorbed from the air, while other nutrients are absorbed from the soil. Nutrient uptake in the soil is achieved by cation exchange, wherein root hairs pump hydrogen ions (H+) into the soil through proton pumps. These hydrogen ions displace cations attached to negatively charged soil particles so that the cations are available for uptake by the root. In the leaves, stomata open to take in carbon dioxide and expel oxygen. The carbon dioxide molecules are used as the carbon source in photosynthesis.

question: How do plants absorb essential elements that are present in the soil?, answer: through their roots | question: Having leaves allows plants to absorb nutrients through which medium?, answer: air | question: What is the process that plants undergo in order to obtain carbohydrates?, answer: photosynthesis | question: What is the process called in which plants gather nutrients from the soil around their roots?, answer: cation exchange | question: What part of the leaf in a plant takes in carbon dioxide and releases oxygen?, answer: stomata
Plato describes the priestesses of Delphi and Dodona as frenzied women, obsessed by "mania" (μανία, "frenzy"), a Greek word he connected with mantis (μάντις, "prophet"). Frenzied women like Sibyls from whose lips the god speaks are recorded in the Near East as Mari in the second millennium BC. Although Crete had contacts with Mari from 2000 BC, there is no evidence that the ecstatic prophetic art existed during the Minoan and Mycenean ages. It is more probable that this art was introduced later from Anatolia and regenerated an existing oracular cult that was local to Delphi and dormant in several areas of Greece.

question: Who describes Delphi and Dodona as frenzied women?, answer: Plato | question: What two women were said to be obsessed by "mania?", answer: Delphi and Dodona | question: What Greek word is connected with mantis?, answer: mania
Plato's theory of forms or "ideas" describes ideal forms (for example the platonic solids in geometry or abstracts like Goodness and Justice), as universals existing independently of any particular instance. Arne Grøn calls this doctrine "the classic example of a metaphysical idealism as a transcendent idealism", while Simone Klein calls Plato "the earliest representative of metaphysical objective idealism". Nevertheless, Plato holds that matter is real, though transitory and imperfect, and is perceived by our body and its senses and given existence by the eternal ideas that are perceived directly by our rational soul. Plato was therefore a metaphysical and epistemological dualist, an outlook that modern idealism has striven to avoid: Plato's thought cannot therefore be counted as idealist in the modern sense, although quantum physics' assertion that man's consciousness is an immutable and primary requisite for not merely perceiving but shaping matter, and thus his reality, would give more credence to Plato's dualist position.[citation needed]

question: Who regarded Plato as the oldest exponent of metaphysical objective idealism?, answer: Simone Klein | question: What sort of dualist is Plato regarded as?, answer: metaphysical and epistemological | question: What was another term for forms in Plato's theory of forms?, answer: ideas | question: What branch of physics might support a worldview similar to Platonic dualism?, answer: quantum
Play stops when the ball carrier's knee, elbow, or any other body part aside from the feet and hands, is forced to the ground (a tackle); when a forward pass is not caught on the fly (during a scrimmage); when a touchdown (see below) or a field goal is scored; when the ball leaves the playing area by any means (being carried, thrown, or fumbled out of bounds); or when the ball carrier is in a standing position but can no longer move forwards (called forward progress). If no score has been made, the next play starts from scrimmage.

question: What is the term for play stopped because the ball carrier, although not fully tackled, can no longer advance the ball?, answer: forward progress | question: Where does the next play start unless a team has just scored?, answer: scrimmage | question: Which parts of the ball carrier's body do not cause play to stop when they touch the ground?, answer: feet and hands | question: Which direction of pass causes play to stop when it is not caught?, answer: forward
PlayStation 3 console protects certain types of data and uses digital rights management to limit the data's use. Purchased games and content from the PlayStation Network store are governed by PlayStation's Network Digital Rights Management (NDRM). The NDRM allows users to access the data from up to 2 different PlayStation 3's that have been activated using a user's PlayStation Network ID. PlayStation 3 also limits the transfer of copy protected videos downloaded from its store to other machines and states that copy protected video "may not restore correctly" following certain actions after making a backup such as downloading a new copy protected movie.

question: What does the abbreviation "NDRM" represent?, answer: Network Digital Rights Management | question: How many different PS3s can one user access?, answer: 2 | question: What identifier allows a player to activate a PlayStation 3?, answer: PlayStation Network ID | question: PlayStation has safeguards in place to prevent illegal use of what type of movies or video?, answer: copy protected
PlayStation 3 launched in North America with 14 titles, with another three being released before the end of 2006. After the first week of sales it was confirmed that Resistance: Fall of Man from Insomniac Games was the top-selling launch game in North America. The game was heavily praised by numerous video game websites, including GameSpot and IGN, both of whom awarded it their PlayStation 3 Game of the Year award for 2006. Some titles missed the launch window and were delayed until early 2007, such as The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, F.E.A.R. and Sonic the Hedgehog. During the Japanese launch, Ridge Racer 7 was the top-selling game, while Mobile Suit Gundam: Crossfire also fared well in sales, both of which were offerings from Namco Bandai Games. PlayStation 3 launched in Europe with 24 titles, including ones that were not offered in North American and Japanese launches, such as Formula One Championship Edition, MotorStorm and Virtua Fighter 5. Resistance: Fall of Man and MotorStorm were the most successful titles of 2007, and both games subsequently received sequels in the form of Resistance 2 and MotorStorm: Pacific Rift.

question: How many games could you buy to go with your PS3 when it launched in North America?, answer: 14 | question: What game won GameSpot's Game of the Year title for 2006?, answer: Resistance: Fall of Man | question: What company developed the game Ridge Racer 7?, answer: Namco Bandai Games | question: What's the name of the sequel game to MotorStorm?, answer: MotorStorm: Pacific Rift | question: How many titles did the PS3 launch with in Europe?, answer: 24
PlayStation 3 uses the Cell microprocessor, designed by Sony, Toshiba and IBM, as its CPU, which is made up of one 3.2 GHz PowerPC-based "Power Processing Element" (PPE) and eight Synergistic Processing Elements (SPEs). The eighth SPE is disabled to improve chip yields. Only six of the seven SPEs are accessible to developers as the seventh SPE is reserved by the console's operating system. Graphics processing is handled by the NVIDIA RSX 'Reality Synthesizer', which can produce resolutions from 480i/576i SD up to 1080p HD. PlayStation 3 has 256 MB of XDR DRAM main memory and 256 MB of GDDR3 video memory for the RSX.

question: What type of microprocessor is in a PS3?, answer: Cell | question: What does PPE stand for?, answer: Power Processing Element | question: What function is the NVIDIA RSX responsible for in a PlayStation 3?, answer: Graphics processing | question: How many Synergistic Processing Elements are in a PS3's CPU?, answer: eight | question: How much XDR DRAM is on board a PS3?, answer: 256 MB
PlayStation 3's initial production cost is estimated by iSuppli to have been US$805.85 for the 20 GB model and US$840.35 for the 60 GB model. However, they were priced at US$499 and US$599 respectively, meaning that units may have been sold at an estimated loss of $306 or $241 depending on model, if the cost estimates were correct, and thus may have contributed to Sony's games division posting an operating loss of ¥232.3 billion (US$1.97 billion) in the fiscal year ending March 2007. In April 2007, soon after these results were published, Ken Kutaragi, President of Sony Computer Entertainment, announced plans to retire. Various news agencies, including The Times and The Wall Street Journal reported that this was due to poor sales, while SCEI maintains that Kutaragi had been planning his retirement for six months prior to the announcement.

question: How much did it cost to make one 20 GB PS3?, answer: US$805.85 | question: In contrast to the production cost, what was the retail price for a 20 GB PlayStation 3?, answer: US$499 | question: Assuming iSuppli got the numbers right, how much of a loss did Sony take for every 20 GB PS3 sold in the U.S.?, answer: $306 | question: What was the name of Sony's President who announced his retirement amid rumors in April 2007?, answer: Ken Kutaragi | question: In U.S. dollars, how much was the enormous loss Sony reported the month before Kutaragi's retirement announcement?, answer: US$1.97 billion
PlayStation Home is a virtual 3D social networking service for the PlayStation Network. Home allows users to create a custom avatar, which can be groomed realistically. Users can edit and decorate their personal apartments, avatars or club houses with free, premium or won content. Users can shop for new items or win prizes from PS3 games, or Home activities. Users interact and connect with friends and customise content in a virtual world. Home also acts as a meeting place for users that want to play multiplayer games with others.

question: What does Sony call their social network?, answer: PlayStation Home | question: What is the customizable representation of a user in PS Home called?, answer: avatar | question: Home has free, won, and what third type of content?, answer: premium | question: Users employ the content to decorate club houses, their avatars, or what virtual dwelling space?, answer: apartments | question: What type of games can users find participants for in Home?, answer: multiplayer
PlayStation Network is the unified online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service provided by Sony Computer Entertainment for PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable, announced during the 2006 PlayStation Business Briefing meeting in Tokyo. The service is always connected, free, and includes multiplayer support. The network enables online gaming, the PlayStation Store, PlayStation Home and other services. PlayStation Network uses real currency and PlayStation Network Cards as seen with the PlayStation Store and PlayStation Home.

question: In what city did Sony hold their 2006 PlayStation Business Briefing?, answer: Tokyo | question: Does PlayStation Network use artificial or real currency for purchases?, answer: real | question: Along with being free and providing constant connectivity, what other feature does PS Network offer users?, answer: multiplayer support | question: PlayStation Network is only available for PS3 and what other device?, answer: PlayStation Portable
PlayStation Plus (commonly abbreviated PS+ and occasionally referred to as PSN Plus) is a premium PlayStation Network subscription service that was officially unveiled at E3 2010 by Jack Tretton, President and CEO of SCEA. Rumors of such service had been in speculation since Kaz Hirai's announcement at TGS 2009 of a possible paid service for PSN but with the current PSN service still available. Launched alongside PS3 firmware 3.40 and PSP firmware 6.30 on June 29, 2010, the paid-for subscription service provides users with enhanced services on the PlayStation Network, on top of the current PSN service which is still available with all of its features. These enhancements include the ability to have demos, game and system software updates download automatically to PlayStation 3. Subscribers also get early or exclusive access to some betas, game demos, premium downloadable content and other PlayStation Store items. North American users also get a free subscription to Qore. Users may choose to purchase either a one-year or a three-month subscription to PlayStation Plus.

question: What's the name of Sony's exclusive PlayStation Network subscription service?, answer: PlayStation Plus | question: How is PlayStation Plus often abbreviated?, answer: PS+ | question: Who was the President and CEO of SCEA in the year 2010?, answer: Jack Tretton | question: On what date did the PlayStation Plus service officially launch?, answer: June 29, 2010 | question: Duration options for subscription to PS+ are either three months or what period of time?, answer: one-year
PlayStation Portable can connect with PlayStation 3 in many ways, including in-game connectivity. For example, Formula One Championship Edition, a racing game, was shown at E3 2006 using a PSP as a real-time rear-view mirror. In addition, users are able to download original PlayStation format games from the PlayStation Store, transfer and play them on PSP as well as PS3 itself. It is also possible to use the Remote Play feature to play these and some PlayStation Network games, remotely on PSP over a network or internet connection.

question: What PS3 game can integrate a PlayStation Portable to use as a rear-view mirror?, answer: Formula One Championship Edition | question: What kind of game is Formula One Championship Edition?, answer: racing | question: If users want to download original PlayStation games, where do they go online?, answer: PlayStation Store | question: Games in plain PlayStation format can be played both on the PS3 console and what other device?, answer: PSP | question: What's the name of the feature that would let you play a game on your PSP without having it with you?, answer: Remote Play
Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association. The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January. Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis. As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21, with the squad list only allowed to be changed in transfer windows or in exceptional circumstances. This was to enable the 'home grown' rule to be enacted, whereby the League would also from 2010 require at least 8 of the named 25 man squad to be made up of 'home-grown players'.

question: When are the transfer windows?, answer: The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January. | question: Can players be transferred under an emergency outside the transfer windows?, answer: Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis. | question: What new rule was put into practice during the 2010-11 season?, answer: As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21, | question: Why was this new rule put into effect?, answer: This was to enable the 'home grown' rule to be enacted, | question: When can a player be transferred?, answer: Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association. | question: During which time can a player be transferred from one European football league to another?, answer: transfer windows | question: How many transfer windows are available each year from the Football Association?, answer: two | question: On which basis are transfers outside of transfer windows licenced?, answer: emergency | question: What is the maximum number of players able to be registered to a Premier League team?, answer: 25 | question: How many of a 25-member Premier League squad must be from the UK or Ireland?, answer: 8
Plumage is regularly moulted; the standard plumage of a bird that has moulted after breeding is known as the "non-breeding" plumage, or—in the Humphrey-Parkes terminology—"basic" plumage; breeding plumages or variations of the basic plumage are known under the Humphrey-Parkes system as "alternate" plumages. Moulting is annual in most species, although some may have two moults a year, and large birds of prey may moult only once every few years. Moulting patterns vary across species. In passerines, flight feathers are replaced one at a time with the innermost primary being the first. When the fifth of sixth primary is replaced, the outermost tertiaries begin to drop. After the innermost tertiaries are moulted, the secondaries starting from the innermost begin to drop and this proceeds to the outer feathers (centrifugal moult). The greater primary coverts are moulted in synchrony with the primary that they overlap. A small number of species, such as ducks and geese, lose all of their flight feathers at once, temporarily becoming flightless. As a general rule, the tail feathers are moulted and replaced starting with the innermost pair. Centripetal moults of tail feathers are however seen in the Phasianidae. The centrifugal moult is modified in the tail feathers of woodpeckers and treecreepers, in that it begins with the second innermost pair of feathers and finishes with the central pair of feathers so that the bird maintains a functional climbing tail. The general pattern seen in passerines is that the primaries are replaced outward, secondaries inward, and the tail from center outward. Before nesting, the females of most bird species gain a bare brood patch by losing feathers close to the belly. The skin there is well supplied with blood vessels and helps the bird in incubation.

question: What is regularly moulted?, answer: Plumage | question: What is the standard plumage of a bird that has moulted after breeding?, answer: "non-breeding" plumage | question: How often does moulting occur in most species?, answer: annual | question: What type of birds may moult only once every few years?, answer: large birds of prey
Pluralistic idealism such as that of Gottfried Leibniz takes the view that there are many individual minds that together underlie the existence of the observed world and make possible the existence of the physical universe. Unlike absolute idealism, pluralistic idealism does not assume the existence of a single ultimate mental reality or "Absolute". Leibniz' form of idealism, known as Panpsychism, views "monads" as the true atoms of the universe and as entities having perception. The monads are "substantial forms of being",elemental, individual, subject to their own laws, non-interacting, each reflecting the entire universe. Monads are centers of force, which is substance while space, matter and motion are phenomenal and their form and existence is dependent on the simple and immaterial monads. There is a pre-established harmony established by God, the central monad, between the world in the minds of the monads and the external world of objects. Leibniz's cosmology embraced traditional Christian Theism. The English psychologist and philosopher James Ward inspired by Leibniz had also defended a form of pluralistic idealism. According to Ward the universe is composed of "psychic monads" of different levels, interacting for mutual self- betterment.

question: Who is a notable exponent of pluralistic idealism?, answer: Gottfried Leibniz | question: What is the term for the type of idealism preached by Leibniz?, answer: Panpsychism | question: What did Leibniz believe the universe is fundamentally composed of?, answer: monads | question: Who was a notable disciple of Leibniz?, answer: James Ward | question: What does Ward see as the purpose of interaction between monads?, answer: self- betterment
Pockets of Georgian architecture survived the war, but much of the city was levelled. There has been extensive redevelopment since World War II. Increasing traffic congestion in the 1920s led to partial demolition of medieval walls around the Bargate in 1932 and 1938. However a large portion of those walls remain.

question: What style of architecture partially survived the war?, answer: Georgian | question: Southampton has been redeveloped almost entirely in the years since which war?, answer: World War II | question: In which decade did there start to be a lot of traffic in Southampton?, answer: 1920s | question: Some of the walls around which landmark were demolished in the 1930s?, answer: the Bargate
Poetry is a form of literary art which uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, prosaic ostensible meaning. Poetry has traditionally been distinguished from prose by its being set in verse;[a] prose is cast in sentences, poetry in lines; the syntax of prose is dictated by meaning, whereas that of poetry is held across metre or the visual aspects of the poem. Prior to the nineteenth century, poetry was commonly understood to be something set in metrical lines; accordingly, in 1658 a definition of poetry is "any kind of subject consisting of Rythm or Verses". Possibly as a result of Aristotle's influence (his Poetics), "poetry" before the nineteenth century was usually less a technical designation for verse than a normative category of fictive or rhetorical art. As a form it may pre-date literacy, with the earliest works being composed within and sustained by an oral tradition; hence it constitutes the earliest example of literature.

question: What elements of language make for poetic literature?, answer: aesthetic and rhythmic qualities | question: Poetry is usually differentiated from prose by what factor?, answer: verse | question: If prose uses sentences, what is the equivalent in poetry?, answer: lines | question: Poetry was considered to need lines and meter until when?, answer: the nineteenth century | question: The structure of poetry may have existed before what?, answer: literacy
Poetry, in particular, was a staple of court life. Nobles and ladies-in-waiting were expected to be well versed in the art of writing poetry as a mark of their status. Every occasion could call for the writing of a verse, from the birth of a child to the coronation of an emperor, or even a pretty scene of nature. A well-written poem or haiku could easily make or break one's reputation, and often was a key part of social interaction.Almost as important was the choice of calligraphy, or handwriting, used. The Japanese of this period believed handwriting could reflect the condition of a person's soul: therefore, poor or hasty writing could be considered a sign of poor breeding. Whether the script was Chinese or Japanese, good writing and artistic skill was paramount to social reputation when it came to poetry. Sei Shonagon mentions in her Pillow Book that when a certain courtesan tried to ask her advice about how to write a poem to the empress Sadako, she had to politely rebuke him because his writing was so poor.

question: What artform became a mark of status in the courts?, answer: poetry | question: During the Heian period, what did the Japanese think could reflect one's soul?, answer: handwriting | question: What was said to show low status or "poor breeding"?, answer: poor or hasty writing