lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The first union was built on campus in 1926 as a campus community center. The unions are still the "living rooms" of campus today and include three locations – the Kansas Union and Burge Union at the Lawrence Campus and Jayhawk Central at the Edwards Campus. The KU Memorial Unions Corporation manages the KU Bookstore (with seven locations). The KU Bookstore is the official bookstore of KU. The Corporation also includes KU Dining Services, with more than 20 campus locations, including The Market (inside the Kansas Union) and The Underground (located in Wescoe Hall). The KU Bookstore and KU Dining Services are not-for-profit, with proceeds going back to support student programs, such as Student Union Activities.

question: When was KU's first student union constructed?, answer: 1926 | question: What was the role the union was intended serve?, answer: campus community center | question: What is the name of the student union on the Edwards Campus of KU?, answer: Jayhawk Central | question: What company runs the University of Kansas's bookstore?, answer: KU Memorial Unions Corporation | question: What is the name of a potential recipient of funds from enterprises like the bookstore and dining centers at KU?, answer: Student Union Activities
The first use of asphalt/bitumen in the New World was by indigenous peoples. On the west coast, as early as the 13th century, the Tongva, Luiseño and Chumash peoples collected the naturally occurring asphalt/bitumen that seeped to the surface above underlying petroleum deposits. All three used the substance as an adhesive. It is found on many different artifacts of tools and ceremonial items. For example, it was used on rattles to adhere gourds or turtle shells to rattle handles. It was also used in decorations. Small round shell beads were often set in asphaltum to provide decorations. It was used as a sealant on baskets to make them watertight for carrying water. Asphaltum was used also to seal the planks on ocean-going canoes.

question: What group initially made use of asphalt?, answer: indigenous peoples | question: For what purpose did American Indians use asphalt?, answer: adhesive | question: What sort of deposits does asphalt overlay?, answer: petroleum | question: What would early users of asphalt want to achieve by putting it on baskets?, answer: watertight | question: On what type of boat was asphalt used to seal planks?, answer: canoes
The first vertebrates appeared over 500 million years ago (Mya), during the Cambrian period, and may have resembled the modern hagfish in form. Sharks appeared about 450 Mya, amphibians about 400 Mya, reptiles about 350 Mya, and mammals about 200 Mya. Each species has an equally long evolutionary history, but the brains of modern hagfishes, lampreys, sharks, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals show a gradient of size and complexity that roughly follows the evolutionary sequence. All of these brains contain the same set of basic anatomical components, but many are rudimentary in the hagfish, whereas in mammals the foremost part (the telencephalon) is greatly elaborated and expanded.

question: How long ago did the first vertebrate organisms appear?, answer: over 500 million years ago | question: During which scientific period did vertebrates appear?, answer: Cambrian period | question: Sharks appeared at about how many Mya?, answer: 450 Mya | question: The foremost part of the brain in mammals is known as what?, answer: (the telencephalon | question: At how many mya did mammals first appear in time?, answer: 200 Mya
The first video game based on the AFL was Arena Football for the C-64 released in 1988. On May 18, 2000, Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed was released by Midway Games for the PlayStation game console. On February 7, 2006 EA Sports released Arena Football for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. EA Sports released another AFL video game, titled Arena Football: Road to Glory, on February 21, 2007, for the PlayStation 2.

question: What was the first Arena Football League video game?, answer: Arena Football | question: For what system was the first Arena Football League video game released?, answer: the C-64 | question: In what year was the first Arena Football League video game released?, answer: 1988 | question: On what date was Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed released?, answer: May 18, 2000 | question: Who made Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed?, answer: Midway Games
The first visible-spectrum (red) LED was developed in 1962 by Nick Holonyak, Jr., while working at General Electric Company. Holonyak first reported his LED in the journal Applied Physics Letters on the December 1, 1962. M. George Craford, a former graduate student of Holonyak, invented the first yellow LED and improved the brightness of red and red-orange LEDs by a factor of ten in 1972. In 1976, T. P. Pearsall created the first high-brightness, high-efficiency LEDs for optical fiber telecommunications by inventing new semiconductor materials specifically adapted to optical fiber transmission wavelengths.

question: At what global company was the first visible-spectrum LED developed?, answer: General Electric Company | question: What GE employee developed the visible-spectrum LED?, answer: Nick Holonyak, Jr. | question: What color is associated with the visible-spectrum LED?, answer: red | question: What color LED was later created in 1972?, answer: yellow | question: What graduate student of Holonyak created the yellow LED?, answer: M. George Craford
The first wave of modern Jewish migration to Ottoman-ruled Palestine, known as the First Aliyah, began in 1881, as Jews fled pogroms in Eastern Europe. Although the Zionist movement already existed in practice, Austro-Hungarian journalist Theodor Herzl is credited with founding political Zionism, a movement which sought to establish a Jewish state in the Land of Israel, thus offering a solution to the so-called Jewish Question of the European states, in conformity with the goals and achievements of other national projects of the time. In 1896, Herzl published Der Judenstaat (The State of the Jews), offering his vision of a future Jewish state; the following year he presided over the first Zionist Congress.

question: What was the first wave of modern Jewish migration to Ottoman-ruled Palestine known as?, answer: First Aliyah | question: When did the First Aliyah begin?, answer: 1881 | question: Who is credited as founding political Zionism?, answer: Theodor Herzl
The first web browser was invented in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee. Berners-Lee is the director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which oversees the Web's continued development, and is also the founder of the World Wide Web Foundation. His browser was called WorldWideWeb and later renamed Nexus.

question: When was the first browser created?, answer: 1990 | question: Who invented the first browser?, answer: Sir Tim Berners-Lee | question: What was Berners-Lee a director of?, answer: the World Wide Web Consortium | question: What organization did Berners-Lee create?, answer: World Wide Web Foundation
The first written account of a game played was on October 15, 1862, on the Montreal Cricket Grounds. It was between the First Battalion Grenadier Guards and the Second Battalion Scots Fusilier Guards resulting in a win by the Grenadier Guards 3 goals, 2 rouges to nothing.[citation needed] In 1864, at Trinity College, Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, Frederick A. Bethune, and Christopher Gwynn, one of the founders of Milton, Massachusetts, devised rules based on rugby football. The game gradually gained a following, with the Hamilton Football Club formed on November 3, 1869, (the oldest football club in Canada). Montreal formed a team April 8, 1872, Toronto was formed on October 4, 1873, and the Ottawa FBC on September 20, 1876.

question: On which date was the first Canadian football game for which a written record has survived?, answer: October 15, 1862 | question: Which team won the first recorded Canadian football game?, answer: First Battalion Grenadier Guards | question: What is the oldest football club in Canada?, answer: Hamilton Football Club | question: Which founder of Milton, MA also helped develop the rules of Canadian football?, answer: Christopher Gwynn | question: What was the first final score recorded of a Canadian football game?, answer: 3 goals, 2 rouges to nothing
The first years of the 14th century were marked by famines, culminating in the Great Famine of 1315–17. The causes of the Great Famine included the slow transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age, which left the population vulnerable when bad weather caused crop failures. The years 1313–14 and 1317–21 were excessively rainy throughout Europe, resulting in widespread crop failures. The climate change—which resulted in a declining average annual temperature for Europe during the 14th century—was accompanied by an economic downturn.

question: In what years did the Great Famine occur?, answer: 1315–17 | question: What period resulted in poor weather that increased crop failures?, answer: the Little Ice Age | question: What period preceded the Little Ice Age?, answer: the Medieval Warm Period | question: Along with 1317–21, what span saw extreme rains in Europe?, answer: 1313–14 | question: In what century did the European average annual temperature decrease?, answer: 14th
The five Great Lakes are located in the north-central portion of the country, four of them forming part of the border with Canada, only Lake Michigan situated entirely within United States. The southeast United States contain subtropical forests and, near the gulf coast, mangrove wetlands, especially in Florida. West of the Appalachians lies the Mississippi River basin and two large eastern tributaries, the Ohio River and the Tennessee River. The Ohio and Tennessee Valleys and the Midwest consist largely of rolling hills and productive farmland, stretching south to the Gulf Coast.

question: How many Great Lakes form a border with Canada?, answer: four | question: Which of the Great Lakes is entirely located in US territory?, answer: Lake Michigan | question: Which major river is located west of the Appalachian mountains?, answer: Mississippi River | question: What type of land makes up the Ohio and Tennessee valleys?, answer: rolling hills and productive farmland | question: Which section of the US contains subtropical forests and mangrove wetlands?, answer: southeast United States
The five most prevalent chains are Lotte, Hyundai, Shinsegae, Galleria, AK plaza. Lotte Department Store is the largest, operating more than 40 stores (include outlet, young plaza, foreign branches). Hyundai Department Store has about 14 stores (13dept, 1outlet), and there are 10 stores in Shinsegae. Shinsegae has 3 outlet store with Simon. Galleria has 5, AK has 5 stores. Galleriaeast and west is well known by luxury goods. These five department stores are known to people as representative corporations in the field of distirution in South Korea. From fashion items to electric appliances, people can buy various kinds of products. Every weekend, people are fond of going around these department stores, because their location is usually easy to visit. As of 2010 the Shinsegae department store in Centum City, Busan, is the largest department store in the world.

question: What department store chain operates the most stores?, answer: Lotte Department Store | question: Where is the "field of distribution" most often associated with?, answer: South Korea | question: What store was the largest department store in the world in 2010?, answer: Shinsegae department store | question: Where is the largest department store in the world located?, answer: Centum City, Busan
The flower may consist only of these parts, as in willow, where each flower comprises only a few stamens or two carpels. Usually, other structures are present and serve to protect the sporophylls and to form an envelope attractive to pollinators. The individual members of these surrounding structures are known as sepals and petals (or tepals in flowers such as Magnolia where sepals and petals are not distinguishable from each other). The outer series (calyx of sepals) is usually green and leaf-like, and functions to protect the rest of the flower, especially the bud. The inner series (corolla of petals) is, in general, white or brightly colored, and is more delicate in structure. It functions to attract insect or bird pollinators. Attraction is effected by color, scent, and nectar, which may be secreted in some part of the flower. The characteristics that attract pollinators account for the popularity of flowers and flowering plants among humans.

question: What is a willow's flower comprised of?, answer: only a few stamens or two carpels | question: What have some structures evolved to protect?, answer: the sporophylls | question: What appearance are calyx of sepals typically?, answer: green and leaf-like | question: Individual members of enveloping structures are known by what terms?, answer: sepals and petals | question: The features of flowers which attract pollinators also attract what other creature?, answer: humans
The flowering plants (angiosperms), also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with about 350,000 species. Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants; they are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within the seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. Etymologically, angiosperm means a plant that produces seeds within an enclosure, in other words, a fruiting plant. The term "angiosperm" comes from the Greek composite word (angeion-, "case" or "casing", and sperma, "seed") meaning "enclosed seeds", after the enclosed condition of the seeds.

question: What are the most diverse group of land plants?, answer: angiosperms | question: How many species of flowering plants are there about?, answer: 350,000 | question: What does an angiosperm produce its seeds within?, answer: an enclosure | question: What do angiosperms have in common with gymnosperms?, answer: seed-producing plants | question: What is the Greek word for "case" or "casing"?, answer: angeion
The fluid in the coelomata contains coelomocyte cells that defend the animals against parasites and infections. In some species coelomocytes may also contain a respiratory pigment – red hemoglobin in some species, green chlorocruorin in others (dissolved in the plasma) – and provide oxygen transport within their segments. Respiratory pigment is also dissolved in the blood plasma. Species with well-developed septa generally also have blood vessels running all long their bodies above and below the gut, the upper one carrying blood forwards while the lower one carries it backwards. Networks of capillaries in the body wall and around the gut transfer blood between the main blood vessels and to parts of the segment that need oxygen and nutrients. Both of the major vessels, especially the upper one, can pump blood by contracting. In some annelids the forward end of the upper blood vessel is enlarged with muscles to form a heart, while in the forward ends of many earthworms some of the vessels that connect the upper and lower main vessels function as hearts. Species with poorly developed or no septa generally have no blood vessels and rely on the circulation within the coelom for delivering nutrients and oxygen.

question: What can coelomocyte cells defend against?, answer: parasites and infections | question: What type of pigment is dissolved in annelids' blood?, answer: Respiratory | question: What runs the length of annelids' bodies with well-developed septa?, answer: blood vessels | question: What do annelids without septa have to use for circulation?, answer: circulation within the coelom
The focus on the Hellenistic period over the course of the 19th century by scholars and historians has led to an issue common to the study of historical periods; historians see the period of focus as a mirror of the period in which they are living. Many 19th century scholars contended that the Hellenistic period represented a cultural decline from the brilliance of classical Greece. Though this comparison is now seen as unfair and meaningless, it has been noted that even commentators of the time saw the end of a cultural era which could not be matched again. This may be inextricably linked with the nature of government. It has been noted by Herodotus that after the establishment of the Athenian democracy:

question: What century of scholars considered the Hellenistic period a decline in culture from classic Greece?, answer: 19th | question: How did 19th century scholars view the Hellenistic period?, answer: a mirror | question: The viewpoint that the Hellenistic period represented a decline in culture was proven to be meaningless and what?, answer: unfair
The following day, the armies of four Arab countries—Egypt, Syria, Transjordan and Iraq—entered what had been British Mandatory Palestine, launching the 1948 Arab–Israeli War; Contingents from Yemen, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Sudan joined the war. The apparent purpose of the invasion was to prevent the establishment of the Jewish state at inception, and some Arab leaders talked about driving the Jews into the sea. According to Benny Morris, Jews felt that the invading Arab armies aimed to slaughter the Jews. The Arab league stated that the invasion was to restore law and order and to prevent further bloodshed.

question: What four Arab countries entered British Mandatory Palestine?, answer: Egypt, Syria, Transjordan and Iraq | question: When was the Arab-Israeli War launched?, answer: 1948 | question: What were the invading Arab armies aim?, answer: slaughter the Jews
The following era was marked by instability, as over 1.5 million propertyless Greek refugees from Turkey had to be integrated into Greek society. Because the term "Greeks" in the exchange was based on religion Cappadocian Greeks, Pontian Greeks, and non Greek followers of Greek Orthodoxy were all subject to the exchange as well. Many of these refugees couldn't even speak the language, and were from alien environments, such as the case of the non Greeks and Cappadocians. The refugees also made a dramatic post war population boost, as the amount of refugees was more than a quarter of Greece's prior population. The task was undertaken by settling the Pontians and Cappadocians in the Macedonian mountains, where they would adapt better, and settling the Demotic speakers and non Greeks in the Greek Isles and cities, where they were already adapted to.

question: How many Greek refugees came from Turkey?, answer: 1.5 million | question: Pontian and Cappadocian refugees were relocated to where?, answer: Macedonian mountains | question: Demotic speaking Greek refugees were placed where?, answer: Greek Isles and cities
The following is a comparison of Chinese characters in the Standard Form of National Characters, a common traditional Chinese standard used in Taiwan, the Table of General Standard Chinese Characters, the standard for Mainland Chinese simplified Chinese characters, and the jōyō kanji, the standard for Japanese kanji. Generally, the jōyō kanji are more similar to traditional Chinese characters than simplified Chinese characters are to traditional Chinese characters. "Simplified" refers to having significant differences from the Taiwan standard, not necessarily being a newly created character or a newly performed substitution. The characters in the Hong Kong standard and the Kangxi Dictionary are also known as "Traditional," but are not shown.

question: What are also known as "traditional"?, answer: characters in the Hong Kong standard and the Kangxi Dictionary | question: What is usually more similar to traditional Chinese characters?, answer: jōyō kanji | question: What is commonly used in Taiwan?, answer: Table of General Standard Chinese Characters
The following sulfonylureas have been commercialized for weed control: amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron-methyl Sulfosulfuron, terbacil, bispyribac-sodium, cyclosulfamuron, and pyrithiobac-sodium. Nicosulfuron, triflusulfuron methyl, and chlorsulfuron are broad-spectrum herbicides that kill plants by inhibiting the enzyme acetolactate synthase. In the 1960s, more than 1 kg/ha (0.89 lb/acre) crop protection chemical was typically applied, while sulfonylureates allow as little as 1% as much material to achieve the same effect.

question: What are sulfonyureas commonly used for?, answer: weed control | question: Nicosulfuron, triflusulfuron methyl and chlorsulfuron can be classified as what type of pesticides?, answer: broad-spectrum herbicides | question: The restriction of what enzyme allows broad-spectrum herbicides to kill plants?, answer: acetolactate synthase | question: The amount of material used as a crop protection measure decreased from 1kg/ha in what year to its current 1%?, answer: 1960s
The following week, John Edwards won the South Carolina primary and finished a strong second in Oklahoma to Clark. Lieberman dropped out of the campaign the following day. Kerry dominated throughout February and his support quickly snowballed as he won caucuses and primaries, taking in a string of wins in Michigan, Washington, Maine, Tennessee, Washington, D.C., Nevada, Wisconsin, Utah, Hawaii, and Idaho. Clark and Dean dropped out during this time, leaving Edwards as the only real threat to Kerry. Kucinich and Sharpton continued to run despite poor results at the polls.

question: Which candidate went on to win the South Carolina primary?, answer: John Edwards | question: Which candidate won the Oklahoma primary?, answer: Clark | question: Which candidate dropped out of the race, following losing the Oklahoma primary?, answer: Lieberman | question: Which candidate received heighted support after winning caucuses and primaries in many states?, answer: Kerry | question: After Clark and Dean dropped out, which candidate was considered to be the only real contender against Kerry?, answer: Edwards
The following year, when Philip Graves, the Constantinople (modern Istanbul) correspondent of The Times, exposed The Protocols as a forgery, The Times retracted the editorial of the previous year.

question: A Constantinople correspondent of The Times exposed what anti-Semitic document as a forgery?, answer: The Protocols | question: Who was the name of the The Times Constantinople correspondent who exposed the anti-Semitic document as a forgery?, answer: Philip Graves | question: How did The Times respond to the exposing of anti-Semitic documents as forgery?, answer: retracted the editorial
The football team plays at Ryan Field (formerly known as Dyche Stadium); the basketball, wrestling, and volleyball teams play at Welsh-Ryan Arena. Northwestern's athletic teams are nicknamed the Wildcats. Before 1924, they were known as "The Purple" and unofficially as "The Fighting Methodists." The name Wildcats was bestowed upon the university in 1924 by Wallace Abbey, a writer for the Chicago Daily Tribune who wrote that even in a loss to the University of Chicago, "Football players had not come down from Evanston; wildcats would be a name better suited to [Coach Glenn] Thistletwaite's boys." The name was so popular that university board members made "wildcats" the official nickname just months later. In 1972, the student body voted to change the official nickname from "Wildcats" to "Purple Haze" but the new name never stuck.

question: Where do Northwestern's basketball, wrestling, and volleyball teams play?, answer: Welsh-Ryan Arena | question: What is the nickname given to Northwestern's athletic teams?, answer: Wildcats | question: What was the official nickname of Northwestern's athletic teams prior to 1924?, answer: The Purple | question: What was the unofficial nickname of the Northwestern athletic teams prior to 1924?, answer: The Fighting Methodists | question: What name did the student body unsuccessfully try to rename the Wildcats in 1972?, answer: Purple Haze