lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The war entered a new phase with the unprecedented defeat of the Japanese at Battle of Suixian-Zaoyang and 1st Battle of Changsha. After these victories, Chinese nationalist forces launched a large-scale counter-offensive in early 1940; however, due to its low military-industrial capacity, it was repulsed by Japanese army in late March 1940. In August of 1940, Chinese communists launched an offensive in Central China; in retaliation, Japan instituted the "Three Alls Policy" ("Kill all, Burn all, Loot all") in occupied areas to reduce human and material resources for the communists. By 1941 the conflict had become a stalemate. Although Japan had occupied much of northern, central, and coastal China, the Nationalist Government had retreated to the interior with a provisional capital set up at Chungking while the Chinese communists remained in control of base areas in Shaanxi. In addition, Japanese control of northern and central China was somewhat tenuous, in that Japan was usually able to control railroads and the major cities ("points and lines"), but did not have a major military or administrative presence in the vast Chinese countryside. The Japanese found its aggression against the retreating and regrouping Chinese army was stalled by the mountainous terrain in southwestern China while the Communists organised widespread guerrilla and saboteur activities in northern and eastern China behind the Japanese front line.

question: Why did the Chinese ultimately fail in its counter offensives?, answer: low military-industrial capacity | question: What policy did Japan adopt to retaliate against China?, answer: "Three Alls Policy" ("Kill all, Burn all, Loot all") | question: What slowed the Japanese in their attacks on China?, answer: mountainous terrain | question: In what city did Japan set up a provisional capital?, answer: Chungking | question: What was Japan's "Three Alls Policy"?, answer: "Kill all, Burn all, Loot all" | question: What year did China and Japan reach a stalemate?, answer: 1941 | question: Where was the Chinese provisional capital?, answer: Chungking | question: What natural obsticles stalled the Japanese offensive against the Chinese?, answer: mountainous terrain | question: What group organised guerrilla warfare against the Japanese in China?, answer: Communists
The war had also brought to an end the "Old System" of alliances in Europe, In the years after the war, under the direction of Lord Sandwich, the British did try to re-establish this system. But after her surprising grand success against a coalition of great powers, European states such as Austria, The Dutch Republic, Sweden, Denmark-Norway, Ottoman Empire, and Russia now saw Britain as a greater threat than France and did not join them, while the Prussians were angered by what they considered a British betrayal in 1762. Consequently, when the American War of Independence turned into a global war between 1778–83, Britain found itself opposed by a strong coalition of European powers, and lacking any substantial ally.

question: What British nobleman attempted to retain European alliances following the Seven Years' War?, answer: Lord Sandwich | question: What countries joined Britain as allies?, answer: lacking any substantial ally | question: Did the European countries see Britain or France as a greater threat?, answer: now saw Britain as a greater threat than France | question: When did the American War of Independence turn into a global conflict?, answer: 1778–83 | question: What drove Prussia away from renewing its alliance with Britain?, answer: Prussians were angered by what they considered a British betrayal in 1762
The war had removed Bermuda's primary trading partners, the American colonies, from the empire, and dealt a harsh blow to Bermuda's merchant shipping trade. This also suffered due to the deforestation of Bermuda, as well as the advent of metal ships and steam propulsion, for which it did not have raw materials. During the course of the following War of 1812, the primary market for Bermuda's salt disappeared as the Americans developed their own sources. Control of the Turks had passed to the Bahamas in 1819.

question: Who was Bermuda's main trading partner before the war?, answer: American colonies | question: What is a factor that hurt Bermuda's merchant shipping?, answer: deforestation | question: Why didn't Bermuda produce metal ships?, answer: it did not have raw materials | question: Why did the need for Bermuda's salt diminish?, answer: Americans developed their own sources
The war has been described as the first "world war", although this label was also given to various earlier conflicts like the Eighty Years' War, the Thirty Years' War, the War of the Spanish Succession and the War of the Austrian Succession, and to later conflicts like the Napoleonic Wars. The term "Second Hundred Years' War" has been used in order to describe the almost continuous level of world-wide conflict during the entire 18th century, reminiscent of the more famous and compact struggle of the 14th century.

question: What is the grandest label that historians have used to describe the Seven Years' War?, answer: The war has been described as the first "world war" | question: What does the term "Second Hundred Years' War" describe?, answer: The term "Second Hundred Years' War" has been used in order to describe the almost continuous level of world-wide conflict during the entire 18th century, | question: What is the precedent for the "Second Hundred Year's War?, answer: reminiscent of the more famous and compact struggle of the 14th century | question: What was a later conflict that some considered the first World War?, answer: to later conflicts like the Napoleonic Wars
The war opened in the Balkans when Russian troops occupied provinces in modern Romania and began to cross the Danube. Led by Omar Pasha, the Ottomans fought a strong defensive battle and stopped the advance at Silistra. A separate action on the fort town of Kars in eastern Turkey led to a siege, and a Turkish attempt to reinforce the garrison was destroyed by a Russian fleet at Sinop. Fearing an Ottoman collapse, France and the UK rushed forces to Gallipoli. They then moved north to Varna in June, arriving just in time for the Russians to abandon Silistra. Aside from a minor skirmish at Constanța there was little for the allies to do. Karl Marx quipped that "there they are, the French doing nothing and the British helping them as fast as possible".

question: Where did the war begin?, answer: Balkans | question: Russian troops took over which provinces first?, answer: modern Romania | question: Who were the Ottomans led by?, answer: Omar Pasha | question: When the Turkish tried to provide reinforcements, where were they stopped at?, answer: Sinop | question: Who hurried their forces to Gallipoli when they feared the Ottoman for would collapse?, answer: France and the UK
The war started badly for the US and UN. North Korean forces struck massively in the summer of 1950 and nearly drove the outnumbered US and ROK defenders into the sea. However the United Nations intervened, naming Douglas MacArthur commander of its forces, and UN-US-ROK forces held a perimeter around Pusan, gaining time for reinforcement. MacArthur, in a bold but risky move, ordered an amphibious invasion well behind the front lines at Inchon, cutting off and routing the North Koreans and quickly crossing the 38th Parallel into North Korea. As UN forces continued to advance toward the Yalu River on the border with Communist China, the Chinese crossed the Yalu River in October and launched a series of surprise attacks that sent the UN forces reeling back across the 38th Parallel. Truman originally wanted a Rollback strategy to unify Korea; after the Chinese successes he settled for a Containment policy to split the country. MacArthur argued for rollback but was fired by President Harry Truman after disputes over the conduct of the war. Peace negotiations dragged on for two years until President Dwight D. Eisenhower threatened China with nuclear weapons; an armistice was quickly reached with the two Koreas remaining divided at the 38th parallel. North and South Korea are still today in a state of war, having never signed a peace treaty, and American forces remain stationed in South Korea as part of American foreign policy.

question: When did North Korean forces initiate attacks on US and UN forces in the Korean war?, answer: 1950 | question: What South Korean city did the US and ROK forces defend while building reinforcements?, answer: Pusan | question: What type of attack was used on Inchon?, answer: amphibious invasion | question: Chinese troops attacked the UN forces when they crossed what river?, answer: the Yalu River | question: What general was fired for defying President Truman's containment strategy?, answer: Douglas MacArthur
The war was continuing indecisively when on 14 October Marshal Daun's Austrians surprised the main Prussian army at the Battle of Hochkirch in Saxony. Frederick lost much of his artillery but retreated in good order, helped by dense woods. The Austrians had ultimately made little progress in the campaign in Saxony despite Hochkirch and had failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough. After a thwarted attempt to take Dresden, Daun's troops were forced to withdraw to Austrian territory for the winter, so that Saxony remained under Prussian occupation. At the same time, the Russians failed in an attempt to take Kolberg in Pomerania (now Kołobrzeg, Poland) from the Prussians.

question: What Austrian General surprised the Prussian at Hochkirch?, answer: Marshal Daun | question: What was the major loss for Prussia at Hochkirch?, answer: lost much of his artillery | question: Why was Frederick able to retreat successfully?, answer: retreated in good order, helped by dense woods | question: What was the result of the victory for the Austrians?, answer: The Austrians had ultimately made little progress in the campaign in Saxony despite Hochkirch and had failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough | question: How did the Austrian troops spend the winter?, answer: , Daun's troops were forced to withdraw to Austrian territory for the winter
The war was successful for Great Britain, which gained the bulk of New France in North America, Spanish Florida, some individual Caribbean islands in the West Indies, the colony of Senegal on the West African coast, and superiority over the French trading outposts on the Indian subcontinent. The Native American tribes were excluded from the settlement; a subsequent conflict, known as Pontiac's War, was also unsuccessful in returning them to their pre-war status. In Europe, the war began disastrously for Prussia, but a combination of good luck and successful strategy saw King Frederick the Great manage to retrieve the Prussian position and retain the status quo ante bellum. Prussia emerged as a new European great power. Although Austria failed to retrieve the territory of Silesia from Prussia (its original goal) its military prowess was also noted by the other powers. The involvement of Portugal, Spain and Sweden did not return them to their former status as great powers. France was deprived of many of its colonies and had saddled itself with heavy war debts that its inefficient financial system could barely handle. Spain lost Florida but gained French Louisiana and regained control of its colonies, e.g., Cuba and the Philippines, which had been captured by the British during the war. France and other European powers avenged their defeat in 1778 when the American Revolutionary War broke out, with hopes of destroying Britain's dominance once and for all.

question: What did Britain gain in North America from the war?, answer: Great Britain, which gained the bulk of New France in North America, Spanish Florida | question: What did Great Britain gain in the West Indies from the war?, answer: some individual Caribbean islands in the West Indies, | question: What did Great Britain gain in Africa from the war?, answer: the colony of Senegal on the West African coast | question: What happened to the scope of France's colonies as a result of the war?, answer: France was deprived of many of its colonies | question: How did the war impact France financially?, answer: had saddled itself with heavy war debts that its inefficient financial system could barely handle
The war was successful for Great Britain, which gained the bulk of New France in North America, Spanish Florida, some individual Caribbean islands in the West Indies, the colony of Senegal on the West African coast, and superiority over the French trading outposts on the Indian subcontinent. The Native American tribes were excluded from the settlement; a subsequent conflict, known as Pontiac's War, was also unsuccessful in returning them to their pre-war status. In Europe, the war began disastrously for Prussia, but a combination of good luck and successful strategy saw King Frederick the Great manage to retrieve the Prussian position and retain the status quo ante bellum. Prussia emerged as a new European great power. The involvement of Portugal, Spain and Sweden did not return them to their former status as great powers. France was deprived of many of its colonies and had saddled itself with heavy war debts that its inefficient financial system could barely handle. Spain lost Florida but gained French Louisiana and regained control of its colonies, e.g., Cuba and the Philippines, which had been captured by the British during the war. France and other European powers will soon avenge their defeat in 1778 when American Revolutionary War broke out, with hopes of destroying Britain's dominance once and for all.

question: What did Great Britain gain with respect to the French trading outposts on the subcontinent of India?, answer: superiority over the French trading outposts | question: What was the result for the Native American tribes?, answer: The Native American tribes were excluded from the settlement | question: What did the Native American tribes accomplish in the later Pontiac's War?, answer: ; a subsequent conflict, known as Pontiac's War, was also unsuccessful in returning them to their pre-war status. | question: What were two factors that redeemed the outcome for the Prussians?, answer: good luck and successful strategy | question: Who was the leader of Prussia?, answer: King Frederick the Great
The war's end swung the pendulum back. Farmers continued to dislike DST, and many countries repealed it after the war. Britain was an exception: it retained DST nationwide but over the years adjusted transition dates for several reasons, including special rules during the 1920s and 1930s to avoid clock shifts on Easter mornings. The US was more typical: Congress repealed DST after 1919. President Woodrow Wilson, like Willett an avid golfer, vetoed the repeal twice but his second veto was overridden. Only a few US cities retained DST locally thereafter, including New York so that its financial exchanges could maintain an hour of arbitrage trading with London, and Chicago and Cleveland to keep pace with New York. Wilson's successor Warren G. Harding opposed DST as a "deception". Reasoning that people should instead get up and go to work earlier in the summer, he ordered District of Columbia federal employees to start work at 08:00 rather than 09:00 during summer 1922. Some businesses followed suit though many others did not; the experiment was not repeated.

question: Which country continued to observe DST nationwide despite the fact that the war had ended?, answer: Britain | question: What spring holiday did Britain adjust its DST schedule around?, answer: Easter | question: After what year was daylight savings repealed in the U.S.?, answer: 1919 | question: What sport did President Wilson enjoy that made him not want to give up DST?, answer: golf | question: What U.S. city kept observing DST to stay in sync with London, leading Chicago and Cleveland to follow along?, answer: New York
The wastewater treatment plant and distribution system of water mains, pumping stations and storage facilities provide water to approximately 62,000 customers in the city. There is also a wastewater treatment plant located on the south bank of the James River. This plant can treat up to 70 million gallons of water per day of sanitary sewage and stormwater before returning it to the river. The wastewater utility also operates and maintains 1,500 miles (2,400 km) of sanitary sewer and pumping stations, 38 miles (61 km) of intercepting sewer lines, and the Shockoe Retention Basin, a 44-million-gallon stormwater reservoir used during heavy rains.

question: How many kilometers of sewer lines exist in Richmond?, answer: 61 | question: How much water is contained in Shockoe Retention Basin?, answer: 44-million-gallon | question: How many Richmond inhabitants get their water from the wastewater treatment plant?, answer: 62,000 | question: How much sewage and stormwater can the treatment plant adjacent to the James River treat daily?, answer: 70 million gallons
The waterwheel appeared in Chinese records during the Han. As mentioned by Huan Tan in about 20 AD, they were used to turn gears that lifted iron trip hammers, and were used in pounding, threshing and polishing grain. However, there is no sufficient evidence for the watermill in China until about the 5th century. The Nanyang Commandery Administrator Du Shi (d. 38 AD) created a waterwheel-powered reciprocator that worked the bellows for the smelting of iron. Waterwheels were also used to power chain pumps that lifted water to raised irrigation ditches. The chain pump was first mentioned in China by the philosopher Wang Chong in his 1st-century-AD Balanced Discourse.

question: What was used to power chain pumps to raise water to irrigation ditches?, answer: Waterwheels | question: What commandery was the creator of the waterwheel-powered reciprocator from?, answer: Nanyang | question: Who was the author of the essay entitled Balance Discourse?, answer: Wang Chong | question: During what century is it likely that the watermill made an appearance in China?, answer: about the 5th century | question: During what era did the waterwheel first appear in recordings?, answer: Han
The west Balkan coast was inhabited by various Illyrian tribes and kingdoms such as the kingdom of the Dalmatae and of the Ardiaei, who often engaged in piracy under Queen Teuta (reigned 231 BC to 227 BCE). Further inland was the Illyrian Paeonian Kingdom and the tribe of the Agrianes which covers most of the modern republic of Macedonia. Illyrians on the coast of the Adriatic were under the effects and influence of Hellenisation and some tribes adopted Greek, becoming bilingual due to their proximity to the Greek colonies in Illyria. Illyrians imported weapons and armor from the Ancient Greeks (such as the Illyrian type helmet, originally a Greek type) and also adopted the ornamentation of Ancient Macedon on their shields and their war belts (a single one has been found, dated 3rd century BC at modern Selce e Poshtme part of Macedon at the time under Philip V of Macedon).

question: What years did Queen Teutra reign?, answer: 231 BC to 227 BCE | question: From where did Illyrians import there weapons and armor?, answer: Ancient Greeks | question: What type or ornamentation was featured on the Illyrians shilds and war belts?, answer: Ancient Macedon | question: What tribes inhabited the Balkan Coast?, answer: Illyrian | question: What tribe covered most of the republic of Macedonia?, answer: Agrianes
The west end of these streets is Bowery and Third Avenue, except for 3rd Street (formerly Amity Place; to Sixth Avenue) and 4th Street (to 13th Street), which extend west and north, respectively, into Greenwich Village. Great Jones Street connects East 3rd to West 3rd.

question: What name did 3rd Street previously hold?, answer: Amity Place | question: Which village do 3rd and 4th Street extend into?, answer: Greenwich | question: Which street connects East 3rd to West 3rd?, answer: Great Jones | question: The west end of these streets is Third Avenue and where?, answer: Bowery
The western edge of the Oklahoma panhandle is out of alignment with its Texas border. The Oklahoma/New Mexico border is actually 2.1 to 2.2 miles east of the Texas line. The border between Texas and New Mexico was set first as a result of a survey by Spain in 1819. It was then set along the 103rd Meridian. In the 1890s, when Oklahoma was formally surveyed using more accurate surveying equipment and techniques, it was discovered that the Texas line was not set along the 103rd Meridian. Surveying techniques were not as accurate in 1819, and the actual 103rd Meridian was approximately 2.2 miles to the east. It was much easier to leave the mistake as it was than for Texas to cede land to New Mexico to correct the original surveying error. The placement of the Oklahoma/New Mexico border represents the true 103rd Meridian.

question: How far out of alignment is Oklahoma's western edge from Texas's border?, answer: 2.1 to 2.2 miles | question: When was the border between TX and NM first determined?, answer: 1819 | question: When was Oklahoma's border determined?, answer: 1890s | question: Where is the NM border of both Oklahoma and Texas supposed to line up with?, answer: the 103rd Meridian | question: Which one is more accurately placed, the TX/NM border or the OK/NM border?, answer: Oklahoma/New Mexico border
The western parts of the Bronx are hillier and are dominated by a series of parallel ridges, running south to north. The West Bronx has older apartment buildings, low income public housing complexes, multifamily homes in its lower income areas as well as larger single family homes in more affluent areas such as Riverdale and Fieldston. It includes New York City's fourth largest park: Van Cortlandt Park along the Westchester-Bronx border. The Grand Concourse, a wide boulevard, runs through it, north to south.

question: What parts of the Bronx have more hills?, answer: western | question: What parts of West Bronx are more affluent?, answer: Riverdale and Fieldston. | question: What is NYC's 4th-largest park?, answer: Van Cortlandt Park | question: Where is Van Cortlandt Park?, answer: along the Westchester-Bronx border | question: What is the Grand Concourse?, answer: a wide boulevard
The western section of the state is part of the Appalachian Mountain range. Among the subranges of the Appalachians located in the state are the Great Smoky Mountains, Blue Ridge Mountains, Great Balsam Mountains, and Black Mountains. The Black Mountains are the highest in the eastern United States, and culminate in Mount Mitchell at 6,684 feet (2,037 m) the highest point east of the Mississippi River. Although agriculture still remains important, tourism has become a dominant industry in the mountains. Growing Christmas trees has recently become an important industry as well. Because of the higher altitude, the climate in the mountains often differs markedly from that of the rest of the state. Winter in western North Carolina typically features high snowfall and subfreezing temperatures more akin to those of a midwestern state than of a southern state.

question: The weatern part of North Carolina is part of what mountain range?, answer: Appalachian Mountain range | question: The Great Smokey Mountains and the Black Moutains are subranges of what mountains?, answer: Appalachians | question: What mountains are the highest in the eastern United States?, answer: The Black Mountains | question: What is the name of the highest point east of the Mississippi river?, answer: Mount Mitchell | question: How high is Mt. Mitchell?, answer: 6,684 feet