lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Innuendo was released in early 1991 with an eponymous number 1 UK hit and other charting singles including, "The Show Must Go On". Mercury was increasingly ill and could barely walk when the band recorded "The Show Must Go On" in 1990. Because of this, May had concerns about whether he was physically capable of singing it. Recalling Mercury's successful performance May states; "he went in and killed it, completely lacerated that vocal". The rest of the band were ready to record when Mercury felt able to come in to the studio, for an hour or two at a time. May says of Mercury: “He just kept saying. 'Write me more. Write me stuff. I want to just sing this and do it and when I am gone you can finish it off.’ He had no fear, really.” The band's second greatest hits compilation, Greatest Hits II, followed in October 1991, which is the eighth best-selling album of all time in the UK and has sold 16 million copies worldwide.

question: What was one single from Queen's Innuendo that charted in the UK?, answer: The Show Must Go On | question: What was the name of Queen's second greatest hits compilation?, answer: Greatest Hits II | question: Which Queen album is the eighth best-selling album in the UK of all time?, answer: Greatest Hits II | question: Which band member of Queen was seriously ill in 1991?, answer: Mercury | question: Queen's Greatest Hits II has sold how many copies worldwide?, answer: 16 million
Inscriptions have been found beneath many of the rock paintings, but archaeologists have so far been unable to decipher this form of ancient writing. During the Stone age, the Doian culture and the Hargeisan culture flourished here with their respective industries and factories.

question: Along with the Hargesian culture, what culture was present in Somalia in the Stone age?, answer: the Doian culture | question: What undeciphered writings were found alongside the rock paintings?, answer: Inscriptions | question: During what period did the Doian culture thrive?, answer: the Stone age
Insect ecology is the scientific study of how insects, individually or as a community, interact with the surrounding environment or ecosystem.:3 Insects play one of the most important roles in their ecosystems, which includes many roles, such as soil turning and aeration, dung burial, pest control, pollination and wildlife nutrition. An example is the beetles, which are scavengers that feed on dead animals and fallen trees and thereby recycle biological materials into forms found useful by other organisms. These insects, and others, are responsible for much of the process by which topsoil is created.:3, 218–228

question: Learning how insects interact with the surrounding environment is called what?, answer: Insect ecology | question: Another term for surrounding environment is what?, answer: ecosystem | question: What kind of role do insects play in their ecosystem?, answer: important | question: What type of burial do insects engage in?, answer: dung | question: Beetles are also known as what?, answer: scavengers
Insect respiration is accomplished without lungs. Instead, the insect respiratory system uses a system of internal tubes and sacs through which gases either diffuse or are actively pumped, delivering oxygen directly to tissues that need it via their trachea (element 8 in numbered diagram). Since oxygen is delivered directly, the circulatory system is not used to carry oxygen, and is therefore greatly reduced. The insect circulatory system has no veins or arteries, and instead consists of little more than a single, perforated dorsal tube which pulses peristaltically. Toward the thorax, the dorsal tube (element 14) divides into chambers and acts like the insect's heart. The opposite end of the dorsal tube is like the aorta of the insect circulating the hemolymph, arthropods' fluid analog of blood, inside the body cavity.:61–65 Air is taken in through openings on the sides of the abdomen called spiracles.

question: Respiration for insects happens without what?, answer: lungs | question: Insect's respiratory system contains sacs, and what else?, answer: internal tubes | question: What gets diffused or actively pumped through an insect's respiratory system?, answer: gases | question: What gets delivered to tissues in an insect's respiratory system?, answer: oxygen | question: Which system inside an insect's respiratory system does not carry oxygen?, answer: circulatory system
Insectivorous insects, or insects which feed on other insects, are beneficial to humans because they eat insects that could cause damage to agriculture and human structures. For example, aphids feed on crops and cause problems for farmers, but ladybugs feed on aphids, and can be used as a means to get significantly reduce pest aphid populations. While birds are perhaps more visible predators of insects, insects themselves account for the vast majority of insect consumption. Ants also help control animal populations by consuming small vertebrates. Without predators to keep them in check, insects can undergo almost unstoppable population explosions.:328–348:400

question: What insects feed on other insects?, answer: Insectivorous | question: Insectivorous insects are beneficial or harmful to humans?, answer: beneficial | question: What insect feeds on aphids?, answer: ladybugs | question: What are the most visible predators of insects?, answer: birds | question: What is the largest consumer of insects?, answer: insects themselves
Insects (from Latin insectum, a calque of Greek ἔντομον [éntomon], "cut into sections") are a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet, including more than a million described species and representing more than half of all known living organisms. The number of extant species is estimated at between six and ten million, and potentially represent over 90% of the differing animal life forms on Earth. Insects may be found in nearly all environments, although only a small number of species reside in the oceans, a habitat dominated by another arthropod group, crustaceans.

question: In what phylum are insects classified?, answer: arthropod | question: How many parts comprise the body of an insect?, answer: three-part | question: In addition to the head and abdomen, what is the other major section of an insect's body?, answer: thorax | question: What type of exoskeleton do insects have?, answer: chitinous | question: How many pairs of jointed legs do insects have?, answer: three | question: What does insect mean in latin?, answer: cut into sections | question: What is the Latin word for insect?, answer: insectum | question: Insects are a class of what?, answer: invertebrates | question: Insects have what kind of skeleton?, answer: chitinous exoskeleton | question: An insects 3-part body includes a throat, abdomen, and what?, answer: head
Insects are the only group of invertebrates to have developed flight. The evolution of insect wings has been a subject of debate. Some entomologists suggest that the wings are from paranotal lobes, or extensions from the insect's exoskeleton called the nota, called the paranotal theory. Other theories are based on a pleural origin. These theories include suggestions that wings originated from modified gills, spiracular flaps or as from an appendage of the epicoxa. The epicoxal theory suggests the insect wings are modified epicoxal exites, a modified appendage at the base of the legs or coxa. In the Carboniferous age, some of the Meganeura dragonflies had as much as a 50 cm (20 in) wide wingspan. The appearance of gigantic insects has been found to be consistent with high atmospheric oxygen. The respiratory system of insects constrains their size, however the high oxygen in the atmosphere allowed larger sizes. The largest flying insects today are much smaller and include several moth species such as the Atlas moth and the White Witch (Thysania agrippina).

question: Insects are the only invertebrates that have evolved into what?, answer: flight | question: What part of the insect has been up for debate?, answer: wings | question: Wings from the paranotal lobes are based on what theory?, answer: paranotal theory | question: Wings from modified gills is from what origin?, answer: pleural origin | question: The epicoxal theory suggests insect wings are modified what?, answer: epicoxal exites
Insects are the only invertebrates to have developed active flight capability, and this has played an important role in their success.:186 Their muscles are able to contract multiple times for each single nerve impulse, allowing the wings to beat faster than would ordinarily be possible. Having their muscles attached to their exoskeletons is more efficient and allows more muscle connections; crustaceans also use the same method, though all spiders use hydraulic pressure to extend their legs, a system inherited from their pre-arthropod ancestors. Unlike insects, though, most aquatic crustaceans are biomineralized with calcium carbonate extracted from the water.

question: Insects are also known as what kind of vertebra?, answer: invertebrates | question: Insects have developed what kind of active capability?, answer: flight | question: Active flight ability has played what kind of role for insects?, answer: important | question: How many times are insects muscles able to contract?, answer: multiple | question: Insects muscles are attached to their what?, answer: exoskeletons
Insects can be divided into two groups historically treated as subclasses: wingless insects, known as Apterygota, and winged insects, known as Pterygota. The Apterygota consist of the primitively wingless order of the silverfish (Thysanura). Archaeognatha make up the Monocondylia based on the shape of their mandibles, while Thysanura and Pterygota are grouped together as Dicondylia. The Thysanura themselves possibly are not monophyletic, with the family Lepidotrichidae being a sister group to the Dicondylia (Pterygota and the remaining Thysanura).

question: What is the term for the class of insects with wings?, answer: Pterygota | question: What is the term for the class of insects without wings?, answer: Apterygota | question: What group of insects are inclusive within the Monocondylia primarily due to the shape of their mandible?, answer: Archaeognatha | question: What is the collective group to which Thysanura and Pterygota belong?, answer: Dicondylia | question: Insects are historically divided into how many groups?, answer: two groups | question: Insects with wings are known as what?, answer: Pterygota | question: Does an Apterygots have wings or wingless?, answer: wingless | question: What is a Thysanura?, answer: silverfish | question: Thysanura and Pterygota are what?, answer: Dicondylia
Insects have segmented bodies supported by exoskeletons, the hard outer covering made mostly of chitin. The segments of the body are organized into three distinctive but interconnected units, or tagmata: a head, a thorax and an abdomen. The head supports a pair of sensory antennae, a pair of compound eyes, and, if present, one to three simple eyes (or ocelli) and three sets of variously modified appendages that form the mouthparts. The thorax has six segmented legs—one pair each for the prothorax, mesothorax and the metathorax segments making up the thorax—and, none, two or four wings. The abdomen consists of eleven segments, though in a few species of insects, these segments may be fused together or reduced in size. The abdomen also contains most of the digestive, respiratory, excretory and reproductive internal structures.:22–48 Considerable variation and many adaptations in the body parts of insects occur, especially wings, legs, antenna and mouthparts.

question: What kind of bodies to insects have?, answer: segmented bodies | question: Insects bodies are supported by what?, answer: exoskeletons | question: Chitin is what kind of outer covering on an insect?, answer: hard | question: An insect's body is divided into what kind of units?, answer: interconnected | question: What is an insects head, throat, and abdomen called?, answer: tagmata
Insects play important roles in biological research. For example, because of its small size, short generation time and high fecundity, the common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a model organism for studies in the genetics of higher eukaryotes. D. melanogaster has been an essential part of studies into principles like genetic linkage, interactions between genes, chromosomal genetics, development, behavior and evolution. Because genetic systems are well conserved among eukaryotes, understanding basic cellular processes like DNA replication or transcription in fruit flies can help to understand those processes in other eukaryotes, including humans. The genome of D. melanogaster was sequenced in 2000, reflecting the organism's important role in biological research. It was found that 70% of the fly genome is similar to the human genome, supporting the evolution theory.

question: Insects play prominent roles in what?, answer: biological research | question: What is a common insect used for research purposes?, answer: fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster | question: What percent of the fly genome is similar to the human genome, answer: 70% | question: Drosophila has helped develop principles in what kind of linkage?, answer: genetic | question: Genetic systems are conserved among what?, answer: eukaryotes
Insects were among the earliest terrestrial herbivores and acted as major selection agents on plants. Plants evolved chemical defenses against this herbivory and the insects, in turn, evolved mechanisms to deal with plant toxins. Many insects make use of these toxins to protect themselves from their predators. Such insects often advertise their toxicity using warning colors. This successful evolutionary pattern has also been used by mimics. Over time, this has led to complex groups of coevolved species. Conversely, some interactions between plants and insects, like pollination, are beneficial to both organisms. Coevolution has led to the development of very specific mutualisms in such systems.

question: What type of defense did plants adaptively evolve in response to insects?, answer: chemical | question: What is the term for a plant-eating insect?, answer: herbivores | question: What do many insects adaptively utilize in self-defense from predators?, answer: plant toxins | question: How is toxicity sometimes visibly displayed by insects as a warning?, answer: colors | question: What is an example of a mutually beneficial process indicating the coevolution of plants and insects?, answer: pollination | question: Insects are considered terrestrial what?, answer: herbivores | question: What were insects the major selection agents of?, answer: plants | question: What did plants eventually form against insects?, answer: chemical defenses | question: Insects formed mechanisms to shield against what?, answer: plant toxins | question: Insects show how toxic they are with what kind of colors?, answer: warning colors
Insects were the earliest organisms to produce and sense sounds. Insects make sounds mostly by mechanical action of appendages. In grasshoppers and crickets, this is achieved by stridulation. Cicadas make the loudest sounds among the insects by producing and amplifying sounds with special modifications to their body and musculature. The African cicada Brevisana brevis has been measured at 106.7 decibels at a distance of 50 cm (20 in). Some insects, such as the Helicoverpa zeamoths, hawk moths and Hedylid butterflies, can hear ultrasound and take evasive action when they sense that they have been detected by bats. Some moths produce ultrasonic clicks that were once thought to have a role in jamming bat echolocation. The ultrasonic clicks were subsequently found to be produced mostly by unpalatable moths to warn bats, just as warning colorations are used against predators that hunt by sight. Some otherwise palatable moths have evolved to mimic these calls. More recently, the claim that some moths can jam bat sonar has been revisited. Ultrasonic recording and high-speed infrared videography of bat-moth interactions suggest the palatable tiger moth really does defend against attacking big brown bats using ultrasonic clicks that jam bat sonar.

question: What were the earliest organisms to produce sound?, answer: Insects | question: Insects can sense what?, answer: sounds | question: Insect sounds come from what kind of action?, answer: mechanical | question: The mechanical action of what allows insects t make sound?, answer: appendages | question: Moths create what kind of click sounds?, answer: ultrasonic
Inside each of these parts are thousands to trillions of small electrical circuits which can be turned off or on by means of an electronic switch. Each circuit represents a bit (binary digit) of information so that when the circuit is on it represents a "1", and when off it represents a "0" (in positive logic representation). The circuits are arranged in logic gates so that one or more of the circuits may control the state of one or more of the other circuits.

question: A circuit in a computer part represents what?, answer: a bit (binary digit) of information | question: In positive logic representation a "1" represents when a circuit is what?, answer: on | question: In positive logic representation a "0" represents when a circuit is what?, answer: off
Inside ornament was far more generous, and could sometimes be overwhelming. The chimneypiece continued to be the usual main focus of rooms, and was now given a classical treatment, and increasingly topped by a painting or a mirror. Plasterwork ceilings, carved wood, and bold schemes of wallpaint formed a backdrop to increasingly rich collections of furniture, paintings, porcelain, mirrors, and objets d'art of all kinds. Wood-panelling, very common since about 1500, fell from favour around the mid-century, and wallpaper included very expensive imports from China.

question: Where could sometimes overwhelming ornament be found?, answer: Inside ornament | question: What was the typical main focus of rooms?, answer: chimneypiece | question: What type of ceilings became commonplace?, answer: Plasterwork ceilings | question: What fell out of favor during this time?, answer: Wood-panelling | question: Where was very expensive wallpaper imported from?, answer: China
Inspection service is designed to provide access to the hoistway and car top for inspection and maintenance purposes by qualified elevator mechanics. It is first activated by a key switch on the car operating panel usually labeled 'Inspection', 'Car Top', 'Access Enable' or 'HWENAB'. When this switch is activated the elevator will come to a stop if moving, car calls will be canceled (and the buttons disabled), and hall calls will be assigned to other elevator cars in the group (or canceled in a single elevator configuration). The elevator can now only be moved by the corresponding 'Access' key switches, usually located at the highest (to access the top of the car) and lowest (to access the elevator pit) landings. The access key switches will allow the car to move at reduced inspection speed with the hoistway door open. This speed can range from anywhere up to 60% of normal operating speed on most controllers, and is usually defined by local safety codes.

question: Who is authorized to provide inspection and/or maintenance of the elevator?, answer: qualified elevator mechanics | question: What is the purpose of the Inspection service?, answer: to provide access to the hoistway and car top for inspection and maintenance | question: What action initiates it's activation?, answer: a key switch on the car operating panel usually labeled 'Inspection', 'Car Top', 'Access Enable' or 'HWENAB | question: WWhat's the first thing to happen when the switch is activated?, answer: the elevator will come to a stop if moving | question: Once activatated, what is the only way to deactivate it?, answer: The elevator can now only be moved by the corresponding 'Access' key switches
Instead of being defined by "non" words, some organizations are suggesting new, positive-sounding terminology to describe the sector. The term "civil society organization" (CSO) has been used by a growing number of organizations, such as the Center for the Study of Global Governance. The term "citizen sector organization" (CSO) has also been advocated to describe the sector – as one of citizens, for citizens – by organizations such as Ashoka: Innovators for the Public. A more broadly applicable term, "Social Benefit Organization" (SBO) has been advocated for by organizations such as MiniDonations. Advocates argue that these terms describe the sector in its own terms, without relying on terminology used for the government or business sectors. However, use of terminology by a nonprofit of self-descriptive language that is not legally compliant risks confusing the public about nonprofit abilities, capabilities and limitations.

question: What type of language has it been suggested that NPOs should begin to get away from?, answer: "non" words | question: What type of language are organizations being directed towards?, answer: new, positive-sounding terminology | question: What is a new term for NPOs that has started to see more use?, answer: civil society organization | question: What is a term being used for organizations that are for the citizens, by the citizens?, answer: citizen sector organization | question: What would a group like Crowdfund, GoFundMe or Kickstarter possibly belong to?, answer: Social Benefit Organization
Instead, Nanjing, as a popular tourist destination, hosts a series of government-organised events throughout the year. The annual International Plum Blossom Festival held in Plum Blossom Hill, the largest plum collection in China, attracts thousands of tourists both domestically and internationally. Other events include Nanjing Baima Peach Blossom and Kite Festival, Jiangxin Zhou Fruit Festival and Linggu Temple Sweet Osmanthus Festival.

question: What city is considered to be a place that is popular with tourists?, answer: Nanjing | question: Rather than host the old festivals, what type of events does Nanjing host each year?, answer: a series of government-organised events | question: What area holds the largest collection of plum blossoms in all of China?, answer: Plum Blossom Hill | question: Where do the tourists for the Plum Blossom Festival come from?, answer: domestically and internationally | question: What festival involves kites and fruit trees?, answer: Nanjing Baima Peach Blossom and Kite Festival
Instead, he argues, this development has been artificially frozen in an "intermediate" state by the standardisation of Dutch pronunciation in the 16th century, where lowered diphthongs found in rural dialects were perceived as ugly by the educated classes and accordingly declared substandard. Now, however, in his opinion, the newly affluent and independent women can afford to let that natural development take place in their speech. Stroop compares the role of Polder Dutch with the urban variety of British English pronunciation called Estuary English.

question: What word did Stroop use to describe the static stage of diphthong pronunciation?, answer: "intermediate" | question: What classes in the 16th century sneered at the pronunciation of Dutch by rural people?, answer: educated classes | question: What distinct kind of British English does Stroop say has a similar function to Polder Dutch?, answer: Estuary English | question: What phenomenon of Dutch pronunciation was brought about by the attitudes of the elite in the 16th century?, answer: standardisation | question: What specific type of diphthongs were the less educated Dutch speakers in the countryside using in the 16th century?, answer: lowered diphthongs