lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
On January 13, 1887, the U,S. Government moved to annul the patent issued to Bell on the grounds of fraud and misrepresentation. After a series of decisions and reversals, the Bell company won a decision in the Supreme Court, though a couple of the original claims from the lower court cases were left undecided. By the time that the trial wound its way through nine years of legal battles, the U.S. prosecuting attorney had died and the two Bell patents (No. 174,465 dated March 7, 1876 and No. 186,787 dated January 30, 1877) were no longer in effect, although the presiding judges agreed to continue the proceedings due to the case's importance as a "precedent". With a change in administration and charges of conflict of interest (on both sides) arising from the original trial, the US Attorney General dropped the lawsuit on November 30, 1897 leaving several issues undecided on the merits.

question: In 1887 the US Government wanted to undo Bell's patent due to fraud and what?, answer: misrepresentation | question: The US Government lost the bid to overturn Bell's patent in what court?, answer: Supreme Court | question: How many years did Bell and the US Government fight in court?, answer: 9 | question: What excuse did the judges have for the trial despite the fact that the patents had expired?, answer: precedent | question: On what date did the US Government stop legal action?, answer: November 30, 1897
On January 13, 1991, Soviet troops, along with the KGB Spetsnaz Alpha Group, stormed the Vilnius TV Tower in Lithuania to suppress the independence movement. Fourteen unarmed civilians were killed and hundreds more injured. On the night of July 31, 1991, Russian OMON from Riga, the Soviet military headquarters in the Baltics, assaulted the Lithuanian border post in Medininkai and killed seven Lithuanian servicemen. This event further weakened the Soviet Union's position internationally and domestically, and stiffened Lithuanian resistance.

question: What was attacked by Soviet troops on January 13?, answer: Vilnius TV Tower | question: Where was the TV Tower located?, answer: Lithuania | question: What were the Soviets hoping to stop?, answer: independence movement | question: How many civilians died in the attack?, answer: Fourteen | question: What was attacked by Russians on July 31?, answer: Lithuanian border post in Medininkai
On January 17, 1961, Eisenhower gave his final televised Address to the Nation from the Oval Office. In his farewell speech, Eisenhower raised the issue of the Cold War and role of the U.S. armed forces. He described the Cold War: "We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose and insidious in method ..." and warned about what he saw as unjustified government spending proposals and continued with a warning that "we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military–industrial complex."

question: On what date did Eisenhower deliver his farewell speech?, answer: January 17, 1961 | question: In his farewell speech, what complex did Eisenhower warn the American people of?, answer: military–industrial | question: What war did Eisenhower talk about in his Address to the Nation?, answer: Cold | question: What term did Eisenhower use to describe the character of communism?, answer: atheistic | question: From where did Eisenhower deliver his farewell speech?, answer: Oval Office
On January 21, 1990, Rukh organized a 300-mile (480 km) human chain between Kiev, Lviv, and Ivano-Frankivsk. Hundreds of thousands joined hands to commemorate the proclamation of Ukrainian independence in 1918 and the reunification of Ukrainian lands one year later (1919 Unification Act). On January 23, 1990, the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church held its first synod since its liquidation by the Soviets in 1946 (an act which the gathering declared invalid). On February 9, 1990, the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice officially registered Rukh. However, the registration came too late for Rukh to stand its own candidates for the parliamentary and local elections on March 4. At the 1990 elections of people's deputies to the Supreme Council (Verkhovna Rada), candidates from the Democratic Bloc won landslide victories in western Ukrainian oblasts. A majority of the seats had to hold run-off elections. On March 18, Democratic candidates scored further victories in the run-offs. The Democratic Bloc gained about 90 out of 450 seats in the new parliament.

question: How many miles long was the human chain?, answer: 300 | question: Who organized this chain?, answer: Rukh | question: What country's independence were the chain members celebrating?, answer: Ukrainian | question: When had the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church been broken up by the Soviets?, answer: 1946 | question: In 1990 which party had most of the election victories?, answer: the Democratic Bloc
On January 21, 2014 IBM announced that company executives would forgo bonuses for fiscal year 2013. The move came as the firm reported a 5% drop in sales and 1% decline in net profit over 2012. It also committed to a $1.2bn plus expansion of its data center and cloud-storage business, including the development of 15 new data centers. After ten successive quarters of flat or sliding sales under Chief Executive Virginia Rometty IBM is being forced to look at new approaches. Said Rometty, “We’ve got to reinvent ourselves like we’ve done in prior generations.”

question: How large of a drop in sales did IBM report for fiscal year 2013?, answer: 5% drop | question: What date did IBM announce that its executives would forgo bonuses for fiscal year 2013?, answer: January 21, 2014 | question: IBM committed to an expansion totaling this dollar amount in 2014?, answer: $1.2bn | question: How many new data centers did IBM commit to building?, answer: 15 | question: Who is the chief executive of IBM?, answer: Virginia Rometty
On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more.

question: On what date was the state named the Soviet Russian Republic?, answer: January 25, 1918 | question: What body renamed the state the Soviet Russian Republic?, answer: All-Russian Congress of Soviets | question: When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed?, answer: March 3, 1918 | question: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ceded land to what state?, answer: Germany | question: What document renamed the state the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic?, answer: Russian Constitution of 1918
On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire had seceded, reducing the size of the country even more.

question: Which official name was Russia given at the start of 1918?, answer: the Soviet Russian Republic | question: To which country did Russia give land during World War I?, answer: Germany | question: Which treaty did Russia sign in order to give land and gain peace during World War I?, answer: the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | question: What war resulted in Russia shrinking further during 1918?, answer: the Russian Civil War | question: What numbered meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets occurred on January 25, 1918?, answer: third | question: On January 25, 1918, what was the official name given to the Soviet state?, answer: the Soviet Russian Republic | question: What did Russia receive in return for signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?, answer: peace in World War I | question: On what date was the country renamed the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic?, answer: July 10, 1918 | question: During what 1918 conflict did states secede from Russia?, answer: the Russian Civil War
On January 27, 1967, the same day the US and USSR signed the Outer Space Treaty, the crew of the first manned Apollo mission, Command Pilot Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Senior Pilot Edward H. White, and Pilot Roger Chaffee, were killed in a fire that swept through their spacecraft cabin during a ground test, less than a month before the planned February 21 launch. An investigative board determined the fire was probably caused by an electrical spark, and quickly grew out of control, fed by the spacecraft's pure oxygen atmosphere. Crew escape was made impossible by inability to open the plug door hatch cover against the greater-than-atmospheric internal pressure. The board also found design and construction flaws in the spacecraft, and procedural failings, including failure to appreciate the hazard of the pure-oxygen atmosphere, as well as inadequate safety procedures. All these flaws had to be corrected over the next twenty-two months until the first piloted flight could be made. Mercury and Gemini veteran Grissom had been a favored choice of Deke Slayton, NASA's Director of Flight Crew Operations, to make the first piloted landing.

question: The Outer Space Treaty was signed by the US and the USSR on what date?, answer: January 27, 1967 | question: What was the cause of the fire that killed everyone on the first Apollo mission before launch?, answer: electrical spark | question: Who were the three people who died on the first Apollo mission before launch?, answer: Command Pilot Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Senior Pilot Edward H. White, and Pilot Roger Chaffee
On January 31, 1958, nearly four months after the launch of Sputnik 1, von Braun and the United States successfully launched its first satellite on a four-stage Juno I rocket derived from the US Army's Redstone missile, at Cape Canaveral. The satellite Explorer 1 was 30.8 pounds (14.0 kg) in mass. It carried a micrometeorite gauge and a Geiger-Müller tube. It passed in and out of the Earth-encompassing radiation belt with its 194-by-1,368-nautical-mile (360 by 2,534 km) orbit, therefore saturating the tube's capacity and proving what Dr. James Van Allen, a space scientist at the University of Iowa, had theorized. The belt, named the Van Allen radiation belt, is a doughnut-shaped zone of high-level radiation intensity around the Earth above the magnetic equator. Van Allen was also the man who designed and built the satellite instrumentation of Explorer 1. The satellite actually measured three phenomena: cosmic ray and radiation levels, the temperature in the spacecraft, and the frequency of collisions with micrometeorites. The satellite had no memory for data storage, therefore it had to transmit continuously. Two months later in March 1958, a second satellite was sent into orbit with augmented cosmic ray instruments.

question: The first US satellite to launch without failure was on what date?, answer: January 31, 1958 | question: The Explorer gathered what 3 measurements?, answer: cosmic ray and radiation levels, the temperature in the spacecraft, and the frequency of collisions with micrometeorites
On January 6, 2016, the league took over "ownership and operational control" of the Portland Thunder from its previous owners. The AFL stated this move was made after months of trying work out an arrangement "to provide financial and operational support." On February 3, 2016, it was announced that the franchise will start from scratch and no longer be called the "Thunder" as the name and trademarks belong to former franchise owner Terry Emmert (similar to the Jerry Jones move with the Desperados). AFL commissioner Scott Butera announced that a new identity will be announced at a later date.

question: On what date did the AFL take control of one of its teams?, answer: January 6, 2016 | question: What team did the league take control of?, answer: Portland Thunder | question: Who owned the trademark to the Portland Thunder?, answer: Terry Emmert | question: Who owned the Desperados trademarks?, answer: Jerry Jones | question: Who is commissioner of the Arena Football League?, answer: Scott Butera
On January 9, 1957, Karachay Autonomous Oblast and Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic were restored by Khrushchev and they were transferred from the Georgian SSR back to the Russian SFSR.

question: When was the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic transferred from the Georgian SSR?, answer: January 9, 1957 | question: What territory was transferred along with the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic?, answer: Karachay Autonomous Oblast | question: Who transferred the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1957?, answer: Khrushchev | question: To what republic was the Karachay Autonomous Oblast transferred in 1957?, answer: the Russian SFSR | question: What republic had the Karachay Autonomous Oblast previously been a part of?, answer: the Georgian SSR
On July 1, 1985, Gorbachev promoted Eduard Shevardnadze, First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party, to full member of the Politburo, and the following day appointed him minister of foreign affairs, replacing longtime Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko. The latter, disparaged as "Mr Nyet" in the West, had served for 28 years as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Gromyko was relegated to the largely ceremonial position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (officially Soviet Head of State), as he was considered an "old thinker." Also on July 1, Gorbachev took the opportunity to dispose of his main rival by removing Grigory Romanov from the Politburo, and brought Boris Yeltsin and Lev Zaikov into the CPSU Central Committee Secretariat.

question: When did Eduard Shevardnadze gain full membership in the Politburo?, answer: July 1, 1985 | question: Who was responsible for Shevardnadze's membership?, answer: Gorbachev | question: Who was minister of foreign affairs prior to Shevardnadze?, answer: Andrei Gromyko | question: What was Gromyko's western nickname?, answer: "Mr Nyet" | question: Which person did Gorbachev kick out of the Politburo on the first of July?, answer: Grigory Romanov
On July 1, 1988, the fourth and last day of a bruising 19th Party Conference, Gorbachev won the backing of the tired delegates for his last-minute proposal to create a new supreme legislative body called the Congress of People's Deputies. Frustrated by the old guard's resistance, Gorbachev embarked on a set of constitutional changes to try to separate party and state, and thereby isolate his conservative Party opponents. Detailed proposals for the new Congress of People's Deputies were published on October 2, 1988, and to enable the creation of the new legislature the Supreme Soviet, during its November 29–December 1, 1988, session, implemented amendments to the 1977 Soviet Constitution, enacted a law on electoral reform, and set the date of the election for March 26, 1989.

question: What ws the final day of the 19th Party Conference?, answer: July 1, 1988 | question: What did Gorbachev hope to create?, answer: new supreme legislative body | question: What was Gorbachev trying to separate?, answer: party and state | question: What was the proposed legislative body called?, answer: Congress of People's Deputies | question: What was the ideology of Gorbachev's opponents?, answer: conservative
On July 1, 2009, SME and IODA announced their global strategic partnership to leverage combined worldwide online retail distribution networks and complementary technologies to support independent labels and music rightsholders.

question: What labels strove to support indie labels and music rightsholders?, answer: SME and IODA | question: In what year did they partner in order to do so?, answer: 2009
On July 11, 1877, a few days after the Bell Telephone Company was established, Bell married Mabel Hubbard (1857–1923) at the Hubbard estate in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His wedding present to his bride was to turn over 1,487 of his 1,497 shares in the newly formed Bell Telephone Company. Shortly thereafter, the newlyweds embarked on a year-long honeymoon in Europe. During that excursion, Bell took a handmade model of his telephone with him, making it a "working holiday". The courtship had begun years earlier; however, Bell waited until he was more financially secure before marrying. Although the telephone appeared to be an "instant" success, it was not initially a profitable venture and Bell's main sources of income were from lectures until after 1897. One unusual request exacted by his fiancée was that he use "Alec" rather than the family's earlier familiar name of "Aleck". From 1876, he would sign his name "Alec Bell". They had four children:

question: Who did Bell marry in 1877?, answer: Mabel Hubbard | question: How many children did Bell and Mabel have?, answer: 4 | question: Where did Bell and his wife go on their honeymoon?, answer: Europe | question: Before 1897, what did Bell get most of his money from?, answer: lectures
On July 16, 1945, with numerous other Manhattan Project personnel, von Neumann was an eyewitness to the first atomic bomb blast, code named Trinity, conducted as a test of the implosion method device, at the bombing range near Alamogordo Army Airfield, 35 miles (56 km) southeast of Socorro, New Mexico. Based on his observation alone, von Neumann estimated the test had resulted in a blast equivalent to 5 kilotons of TNT (21 TJ) but Enrico Fermi produced a more accurate estimate of 10 kilotons by dropping scraps of torn-up paper as the shock wave passed his location and watching how far they scattered. The actual power of the explosion had been between 20 and 22 kilotons. It was in von Neumann's 1944 papers that the expression "kilotons" appeared for the first time. After the war, Robert Oppenheimer remarked that the physicists involved in the Manhattan project had "known sin". Von Neumann's response was that "sometimes someone confesses a sin in order to take credit for it."

question: On what day was the first atomic blast?, answer: July 16, 1945 | question: Where did the first atomic blast test take place?, answer: Alamogordo Army Airfield, | question: What was the power of the first atomic blast?, answer: between 20 and 22 kilotons
On July 16, 1989, the Popular Front of Azerbaijan held its first congress and elected Abulfaz Elchibey, who would become President, as its Chairman. On August 19, 600,000 protesters jammed Baku’s Lenin Square (now Azadliq Square) to demand the release of political prisoners. In the second half of 1989, weapons were handed out in Nagorno-Karabakh. When Karabakhis got hold of small arms to replace hunting rifles and crossbows, casualties began to mount; bridges were blown up, roads were blockaded, and hostages were taken.

question: When was Abulfaz Elchibey elected to Chairman of the Popular Front?, answer: July 16, 1989 | question: How many protesters filled Lenin Square on August 19th?, answer: 600,000 | question: What did the protesters want?, answer: release of political prisoners
On July 17, 2012, the CRTC approved the shut down of CBC's analogue transmitters, noting that "while the Commission has the discretion to refuse to revoke broadcasting licences, even on application from a licensee, it cannot direct the CBC or any other broadcaster to continue to operate its stations and transmitters." On July 31, 2012, at around 11:59 p.m. in each time zone, the remaining 620 analogue transmitters were shut down, leaving the network with 27 digital television transmitters across the country, and some transmitters operated by some affiliated stations.

question: On what date did the CTRC approve the shut down of CBC's analogue transmitters?, answer: July 17, 2012 | question: On what date were CBC's remaining analogue transmitters shut down?, answer: July 31, 2012 | question: How many analogue transmitters were shut down on July 31, 2012?, answer: 620
On July 20, 2009, Sports Business Journal reported that the AFL owed approximately $14 million to its creditors and were considering filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. In early August 2009, numerous media outlets began reporting that the AFL was folding permanently and would file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. The league released a statement on August 4 to the effect that while the league was not folding, it was suspending league operations indefinitely. Despite this, several of the league's creditors filed papers to force a Chapter 7 liquidation if the league did not do so voluntarily. This request was granted on August 7, though converted to a Chapter 11 reorganization on August 26.

question: On what date was it reported that the AFL was considering bankruptcy?, answer: July 20, 2009 | question: What publication reported that the Arena Football League was thinking about filing bankruptcy?, answer: Sports Business Journal | question: How much debt was the AFL reported to have as of July 20, 2009?, answer: $14 million | question: What type of bankruptcy was the league reportedly thinking about filing in July 2009?, answer: Chapter 11 | question: On what date did the AFL announce that it was not shutting down?, answer: August 4
On July 22, 2008, in the aftermath of the Southwest Airlines inspection scandal, a bill was unanimously approved in the House to tighten regulations concerning airplane maintenance procedures, including the establishment of a whistleblower office and a two-year "cooling off" period that FAA inspectors or supervisors of inspectors must wait before they can work for those they regulated. The bill also required rotation of principal maintenance inspectors and stipulated that the word "customer" properly applies to the flying public, not those entities regulated by the FAA. The bill died in a Senate committee that year.

question: When did the aftermath of the Southwest Airlines inspection scandal happen?, answer: July 22, 2008 | question: who approved a mesaure to tigheten regulations concerning airplane maintenance prodecures?, answer: House | question: What does the word 'customer' properly apply to?, answer: the flying public | question: how long was the "cooling off" period that the FAA inspectors or supervisers of inspectors must wait before they can work for those they regulate?, answer: two-year
On July 23, 1990, Leonid Kravchuk was elected to replace Ivashko as parliament chairman. On July 30, Parliament adopted a resolution on military service ordering Ukrainian soldiers "in regions of national conflict such as Armenia and Azerbaijan" to return to Ukrainian territory. On August 1, Parliament voted overwhelmingly to shut down the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. On August 3, it adopted a law on the economic sovereignty of the Ukrainian republic. On August 19, the first Ukrainian Catholic liturgy in 44 years was celebrated at St. George Cathedral. On September 5–7, the International Symposium on the Great Famine of 1932–1933 was held in Kiev. On September 8, The first "Youth for Christ" rally since 1933 took place held in Lviv, with 40,000 participants. In September 28–30, the Green Party of Ukraine held its founding congress. On September 30, nearly 100,000 people marched in Kiev to protest against the new union treaty proposed by Gorbachev.

question: Who would succeed Ivashko as the chairman of Parliament?, answer: Leonid Kravchuk | question: What did Parliament vote to shut down in August?, answer: Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant | question: Where was the August 9 liturgy held?, answer: St. George Cathedral. | question: Prior to the September 8th rally when was the last Youth for Christ rally held?, answer: 1933 | question: How many people attended the Youth for Christ rally?, answer: 40,000