lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Digestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of saliva and its digestive enzymes. Food is formed into a bolus by the mechanical mastication and swallowed into the esophagus from where it enters the stomach through the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin which would damage the walls of the stomach and mucus is secreted for protection. In the stomach further release of enzymes break down the food further and this is combined with the churning action of the stomach. The partially digested food enters the duodenum as a thick semi-liquid chyme. In the small intestine, the larger part of digestion takes place and this is helped by the secretions of bile, pancreatic juice and intestinal juice. The intestinal walls are lined with villi, and their epithelial cells is covered with numerous microvilli to improve the absorption of nutrients by increasing the surface area of the intestine.

question: Where does digestion begin?, answer: in the mouth with the secretion of saliva and its digestive enzymes | question: What is food formed into before it is swallowed?, answer: a bolus | question: Where does food go after the esophagus?, answer: the stomach | question: What is the action of food being moved into the stomach?, answer: peristalsis | question: What does gastric juice consist of?, answer: hydrochloric acid and pepsin
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.

question: What is digestion?, answer: the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma | question: In some organisms, how are these molecules absorbed?, answer: these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream | question: What are the two ways that food is broken down?, answer: mechanical and chemical digestion | question: What is mechanical digestion?, answer: the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes | question: What is chemical digestion?, answer: enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use
Digestion of some fats can begin in the mouth where lingual lipase breaks down some short chain lipids into diglycerides. However fats are mainly digested in the small intestine. The presence of fat in the small intestine produces hormones that stimulate the release of pancreatic lipase from the pancreas and bile from the liver which helps in the emulsification of fats for absorption of fatty acids. Complete digestion of one molecule of fat (a triglyceride) results a mixture of fatty acids, mono- and di-glycerides, as well as some undigested triglycerides, but no free glycerol molecules.

question: Where does the digestions of some fats start?, answer: in the mouth | question: Where are fats mainly digested?, answer: the small intestine | question: What happens when there is a presence of fat in the small intestine?, answer: produces hormones that stimulate the release of pancreatic lipase from the pancreas and bile from the liver | question: What does bile from the liver help do?, answer: helps in the emulsification of fats for absorption of fatty acids | question: What is one molecule of fat?, answer: a triglyceride
Digestive systems take many forms. There is a fundamental distinction between internal and external digestion. External digestion developed earlier in evolutionary history, and most fungi still rely on it. In this process, enzymes are secreted into the environment surrounding the organism, where they break down an organic material, and some of the products diffuse back to the organism. Animals have a tube (gastrointestinal tract) in which internal digestion occurs, which is more efficient because more of the broken down products can be captured, and the internal chemical environment can be more efficiently controlled.

question: What are the two types of digestion?, answer: internal and external digestion | question: When did external digestion develop?, answer: earlier in evolutionary history | question: What still uses the external digestion system?, answer: most fungi | question: What is the name of the tube that helps add in animal digestion?, answer: gastrointestinal tract | question: Why is internal digection better than external?, answer: more of the broken down products can be captured, and the internal chemical environment can be more efficiently controlled
Digimon hatch from types of eggs which are called Digi-Eggs (デジタマ, Dejitama?). In the English iterations of the franchise there is another type of Digi-Egg that can be used to digivolve, or transform, Digimon. This second type of Digi-Egg is called a Digimental (デジメンタル, Dejimentaru?) in Japanese. (This type of Digi-Egg was also featured as a major object throughout season 2 as a way of Digivolution available only to certain characters at certain points throughout the season.) They age via a process called "Digivolution" which changes their appearance and increases their powers. The effect of Digivolution, however, is not permanent in the partner Digimon of the main characters in the anime, and Digimon who have digivolved will most of the time revert to their previous form after a battle or if they are too weak to continue. Some Digimon act feral. Most, however, are capable of intelligence and human speech. They are able to digivolve by the use of Digivices that their human partners have. In some cases, as in the first series, the DigiDestined (known as the 'Chosen Children' in the original Japanese) had to find some special items such as crests and tags so the Digimon could digivolve into further stages of evolution known as Ultimate and Mega in the dub.

question: How do digimon evolve?, answer: Digimental | question: How are digimon born?, answer: Digimon hatch from types of eggs which are called Digi-Eggs | question: What is the process of aging called for digimon?, answer: Digivolution | question: What effect does digivolution have on digimon?, answer: changes their appearance and increases their powers | question: Are digimon all mindless monsters?, answer: Some Digimon act feral. Most, however, are capable of intelligence and human speech | question: What were the eggs called that the Digimon were hatched from?, answer: Digi-Eggs | question: What is the second type of Digi-Eggs called?, answer: Digimental | question: What is the process called of how Digi-Eggs age?, answer: Digivolution | question: What items were used to help the Digimon evolve?, answer: Digivices
Digimon started out as digital pets called "Digital Monsters", similar in style and concept to the Tamagotchi. It was planned by WiZ and released by Bandai on June 26, 1997. The toy began as the simple concept of a Tamagotchi mainly for boys. The V-Pet is similar to its predecessors, with the exceptions of being more difficult and being able to fight other Digimon v-pets. Every owner would start with a Baby Digimon, train it, evolve it, take care of it, and then have battles with other Digimon owners to see who was stronger. The Digimon pet had several evolution capabilities and abilities too, so many owners had different Digimon. In December, the second generation of Digital Monster was released, followed by a third edition in 1998.

question: What companies were responsible for the creation and subsequent release of the original digimon?, answer: planned by WiZ and released by Bandai | question: What made digimon different from similar digital pets?, answer: being more difficult and being able to fight other Digimon v-pets | question: What year was the second generation of digimon released?, answer: 1997 | question: Who was the main market for the original digimon?, answer: mainly for boys | question: What was involved in the original digimon virtual pet gameplay?, answer: Every owner would start with a Baby Digimon, train it, evolve it, take care of it, and then have battles with other Digimon owners | question: What did the Digimon pets originally start out as?, answer: Digital Monsters | question: When was the Digimon released by WiZ?, answer: June 26, 1997 | question: In what month was the second generation of the Digital Monsters Released?, answer: December | question: What year was the third edition released?, answer: 1998
Digimon was first conceived as a virtual pet toy in the vein of Tamagotchis and, as such, took influence from Tamagotchis' cute and round designs. The small areas of the screens (16 by 16 pixels) meant that character designers had to create monsters whose forms would be easily recognizable. As such, many of the early Digimon—including Tyrannomon, the first one ever created—were based on dinosaurs. Many further designs were created by Kenji Watanabe, who was brought in to help with the "X-Antibody" creatures and art for the Digimon collectible card game. Watanabe was one influenced by American comics, which were beginning to gain popularity in Japan, and as such began to make his characters look stronger and "cool." The character creation process, however, has for most of the franchise's history been collaborative and reliant on conversation and brainstorming.

question: What kind of toy were the original Digimon?, answer: virtual pet toy | question: What kind of creatures where the early digimon patterned after?, answer: dinosaurs | question: What properties of american comics were the later generations of digimon trying to capture?, answer: stronger and "cool." | question: Who was the designer responsible for the westernization of Digimon character design?, answer: Kenji Watanabe | question: What was the name of the original Digimon character?, answer: Tyrannomon | question: What was the screen size of the Digimon toy?, answer: 16 by 16 pixels | question: What animals were the digimon based off of?, answer: dinosaurs | question: Who was the designer of the Digimon card game?, answer: Kenji Watanabe | question: How did Watanabe get his influence?, answer: American comics
Digital cameras have far surpassed film in terms of sensitivity to light, with ISO equivalent speeds of up to 409,600, a number that is unfathomable in the realm of conventional film photography. Faster processors, as well as advances in software noise reduction techniques allow this type of processing to be executed the moment the photo is captured, allowing photographers to store images that have a higher level of refinement and would have been prohibitively time consuming to process with earlier generations of digital camera hardware.

question: What types of cameras have proven to be much more sensitive to light than film?, answer: Digital cameras | question: What ISO equivalent speeds can digital cameras obtain?, answer: 409,600 | question: What is responsible for these vast increases in speed?, answer: Faster processors, as well as advances in software noise reduction techniques | question: What is one thing that limited speeds of older digital hardware?, answer: prohibitively time consuming to process | question: What does the higher speed do for the images produced?, answer: a higher level of refinement
Digital-RGB LEDs are RGB LEDs that contain their own "smart" control electronics. In addition to power and ground, these provide connections for data-in, data-out, and sometimes a clock or strobe signal. These are connected in a daisy chain, with the data in of the first LED sourced by a microprocessor, which can control the brightness and color of each LED independently of the others. They are used where a combination of maximum control and minimum visible electronics are needed such as strings for Christmas and LED matrices. Some even have refresh rates in the kHz range, allowing for basic video applications.

question: What makes RGB LEDs different?, answer: contain their own "smart" control electronics | question: How are Digital-RGB LED strobe signals connected?, answer: in a daisy chain | question: What object sources the data in of the first LED of a digital rgb LED?, answer: microprocessor | question: The microprocessor does what in a digital RGB LED?, answer: control the brightness and color of each LED independently of the others | question: What is one example of where Digital RGB LED lights are used?, answer: Christmas
Direct democracy and federalism are hallmarks of the Swiss political system. Swiss citizens are subject to three legal jurisdictions: the commune, canton and federal levels. The 1848 federal constitution defines a system of direct democracy (sometimes called half-direct or representative direct democracy because it is aided by the more commonplace institutions of a representative democracy). The instruments of this system at the federal level, known as civic rights (Volksrechte, droits civiques), include the right to submit a constitutional initiative and a referendum, both of which may overturn parliamentary decisions.

question: How many legal jurisdictions are Swiss citizens subject to?, answer: three | question: What are the legal jurisdictions that Swiss citizens are subject to?, answer: commune, canton and federal levels | question: What type of democracy was defined in the 1848 federal constitution?, answer: direct | question: What two things do citizens have the right to submit to overturn parliamentary decisions?, answer: a constitutional initiative and a referendum | question: What are the two hallmarks of the Swiss political system?, answer: Direct democracy and federalism
Direction lanterns are also found both inside and outside elevator cars, but they should always be visible from outside because their primary purpose is to help people decide whether or not to get on the elevator. If somebody waiting for the elevator wants to go up, but a car comes first that indicates that it is going down, then the person may decide not to get on the elevator. If the person waits, then one will still stop going up. Direction indicators are sometimes etched with arrows or shaped like arrows and/or use the convention that one that lights up red means "down" and green means "up". Since the color convention is often undermined or overridden by systems that do not invoke it, it is usually used only in conjunction with other differentiating factors. An example of a place whose elevators use only the color convention to differentiate between directions is the Museum of Contemporary Art in Chicago, where a single circle can be made to light up green for "up" and red for "down". Sometimes directions must be inferred by the position of the indicators relative to one another.

question: What is the main function of direction lanterns?, answer: to help people decide whether or not to get on the elevator | question: What might change your mind about whether or not to enter an elevator?, answer: If somebody waiting for the elevator wants to go up, but a car comes first that indicates that it is going down | question: What type of etching might you see on a direction indicator?, answer: arrows or shaped like arrows | question: Some elevators may use the color convention for only what purpose?, answer: to differentiate between directions
Directive 23 was the only concession made by Göring to the Kriegsmarine over the strategic bombing strategy of the Luftwaffe against Britain. Thereafter, he would refuse to make available any air units to destroy British dockyards, ports, port facilities, or shipping in dock or at sea, lest Kriegsmarine gain control of more Luftwaffe units. Raeder's successor—Karl Dönitz—would—on the intervention of Hitler—gain control of one unit (KG 40), but Göring would soon regain it. Göring's lack of cooperation was detrimental to the one air strategy with potentially decisive strategic effect on Britain. Instead, he wasted aircraft of Fliegerführer Atlantik (Flying Command Atlantic) on bombing mainland Britain instead of attacks against convoys. For Göring, his prestige had been damaged by the defeat in the Battle of Britain, and he wanted to regain it by subduing Britain by air power alone. He was always reluctant to cooperate with Raeder.

question: What was the concession Goring made with the strategic bombing against Britain?, answer: Directive 23 | question: What did Goring believe the Kriegsmarine would gain with further support?, answer: control of more Luftwaffe units | question: Who was Raeder's successor?, answer: Karl Dönitz | question: What was detrimental to the success of a strategic effect against Britain?, answer: Göring's lack of cooperation | question: How did Goring expect to regain prestige?, answer: by subduing Britain by air power alone
Directly underneath the State Apartments is a suite of slightly less grand rooms known as the semi-state apartments. Opening from the Marble Hall, these rooms are used for less formal entertaining, such as luncheon parties and private audiences. Some of the rooms are named and decorated for particular visitors, such as the 1844 Room, decorated in that year for the State visit of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, and, on the other side of the Bow Room, the 1855 Room, in honour of the visit of Emperor Napoleon III of France. At the centre of this suite is the Bow Room, through which thousands of guests pass annually to the Queen's Garden Parties in the Gardens. The Queen and Prince Philip use a smaller suite of rooms in the north wing.

question: The 1855 Room is name for which European emperor?, answer: Emperor Napoleon III of France | question: Which room is named for visit of Tsar Nicolas I of Russia?, answer: 1844 Room | question: Guests attending the Queen's Garden Parties will mostly likely see which room?, answer: Bow Room | question: Where are the suites located that the Queen and Prince Phillip use?, answer: the north wing | question: Which rooms are used for less formal entertaining such as luncheons or private audiences?, answer: the semi-state apartments | question: What is the name of the slightly less luxurious staterooms located underneath the State Apartments?, answer: semi-state apartments | question: What type of entertaining are the semi-state apartments used for?, answer: less formal entertaining | question: Who is the 1844 Room named after?, answer: Tsar Nicholas I of Russia | question: Who is the 1855 Room named after?, answer: Emperor Napoleon III of France | question: Where are the Queen and Prince Phillip's apartments located?, answer: the north wing
Director Sima Urale is an award-winning filmmaker. Urale's short film O Tamaiti won the prestigious Best Short Film at the Venice Film Festival in 1996. Her first feature film Apron Strings opened the 2008 NZ International Film Festival. The feature film Siones Wedding, co-written by Oscar Kightley, was financially successful following premieres in Auckland and Apia. The 2011 film The Orator was the first ever fully Samoan film, shot in Samoa in the Samoan language with a Samoan cast telling a uniquely Samoan story. Written and directed by Tusi Tamasese, it received much critical acclaim and attention at film festivals throughout the world.

question: Who made the film O Tamaiti?, answer: Sima Urale | question: What was Sima Urale's first feature-length production?, answer: Apron Strings | question: What movie was the first ever all-Samoan production?, answer: The Orator | question: Who wrote and directed The Orator?, answer: Tusi Tamasese | question: In what year did Apron Strings star as the opening film of the NZ International Film Festival?, answer: 2008
Disadvantages of electric traction include high capital costs that may be uneconomic on lightly trafficked routes; a relative lack of flexibility since electric trains need electrified tracks or onboard supercapacitors and charging infrastructure at stations; and a vulnerability to power interruptions. Different regions may use different supply voltages and frequencies, complicating through service. The limited clearances available under catenaries may preclude efficient double-stack container service. The lethal voltages on contact wires and third rails are a safety hazard to track workers, passengers and trespassers. Overhead wires are safer than third rails, but they are often considered unsightly.

question: What is a safety hazard to track workers?, answer: voltages on contact wires | question: What issue can complicate electric railway service?, answer: different supply voltages and frequencies, | question: What is a safer alternative to third rails?, answer: Overhead wires | question: Why overhead wires are not being widely used?, answer: considered unsightly.
Disagreements following the war have resulted in stalemate punctuated by periods of elevated tension and renewed threats of war. The stalemate led the President of Eritrea to urge the UN to take action on Ethiopia with the Eleven Letters penned by the President to the United Nations Security Council. The situation has been further escalated by the continued efforts of the Eritrean and Ethiopian leaders in supporting opposition in one another's countries.[citation needed] In 2011, Ethiopia accused Eritrea of planting bombs at an African Union summit in Addis Ababa, which was later supported by a UN report. Eritrea denied the claims.

question: What did disagreements following the Eritrean War result in?, answer: stalemate | question: What did the stalemate lead the President of Eritrea to urge the UN to do?, answer: take action on Ethiopia | question: Who accused Eritrea of planting bombs at an African Union summit?, answer: Ethiopia | question: What supported the accusation that Eritrea planted bombs at the African Union summit?, answer: a UN report | question: What did Eritrea do when it was accused of planting bombs at the African Union summit?, answer: denied the claims
Disagreements over the island's relationship with Australia were put in sharper relief by a 2006 review undertaken by the Australian government. Under the more radical of two models proposed in the review, the island's legislative assembly would have been reduced to the status of a local council. However, in December 2006, citing the "significant disruption" that changes to the governance would impose on the island's economy, the Australian government ended the review leaving the existing governance arrangements unaltered.

question: How many models did Australia propose to Norfolk Island's legislative assembly?, answer: two | question: What would the more severe of the proposed plans threaten to reduce Norfolk Island's assembly to?, answer: a local council | question: When did the Australian government end their review on Norfolk Island?, answer: December 2006 | question: The Australian government said that changes to Norfolk Island's government would cause what?, answer: significant disruption