lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Nuclear strike is the ability of nuclear forces to rapidly and accurately strike targets which the enemy holds dear in a devastating manner. If a crisis occurs, rapid generation and, if necessary, deployment of nuclear strike capabilities will demonstrate US resolve and may prompt an adversary to alter the course of action deemed threatening to our national interest. Should deterrence fail, the President may authorize a precise, tailored response to terminate the conflict at the lowest possible level and lead to a rapid cessation of hostilities. Post-conflict, regeneration of a credible nuclear deterrent capability will deter further aggression. The Air Force may present a credible force posture in either the Continental United States, within a theater of operations, or both to effectively deter the range of potential adversaries envisioned in the 21st century. This requires the ability to engage targets globally using a variety of methods; therefore, the Air Force should possess the ability to induct, train, assign, educate and exercise individuals and units to rapidly and effectively execute missions that support US NDO objectives. Finally, the Air Force regularly exercises and evaluates all aspects of nuclear operations to ensure high levels of performance.

question: What is the definition of a nuclear strike?, answer: the ability of nuclear forces to rapidly and accurately strike targets | question: What action by the US Air Force would deter adversaries from threatening US Security?, answer: deployment of nuclear strike capabilities | question: Who has the authorization in the US to terminate a conflict?, answer: President | question: What organization does the US Air Force support on its missions?, answer: US NDO objectives | question: What is one of the areas where the US Air Force might operate its missions?, answer: Continental United States
Nuclear surety ensures the safety, security and effectiveness of nuclear operations. Because of their political and military importance, destructive power, and the potential consequences of an accident or unauthorized act, nuclear weapons and nuclear weapon systems require special consideration and protection against risks and threats inherent in their peacetime and wartime environments. The Air Force, in conjunction with other entities within the Departments of Defense or Energy, achieves a high standard of protection through a stringent nuclear surety program. This program applies to materiel, personnel, and procedures that contribute to the safety, security, and control of nuclear weapons, thus assuring no nuclear accidents, incidents, loss, or unauthorized or accidental use (a Broken Arrow incident). The Air Force continues to pursue safe, secure and effective nuclear weapons consistent with operational requirements. Adversaries, allies, and the American people must be highly confident of the Air Force's ability to secure nuclear weapons from accidents, theft, loss, and accidental or unauthorized use. This day-to-day commitment to precise and reliable nuclear operations is the cornerstone of the credibility of the NDO mission. Positive nuclear command, control, communications; effective nuclear weapons security; and robust combat support are essential to the overall NDO function.

question: What ensures the safety of nuclear operations?, answer: Nuclear surety | question: What is the mission of the NDO in regards to nuclear security?, answer: precise and reliable nuclear operations | question: What is a Broken Arrow incident in nuclear security?, answer: unauthorized or accidental use | question: What is one of the five functions of NDO support?, answer: effective nuclear weapons security | question: What other US departments does the Air Force coordinate with for nuclear security?, answer: Departments of Defense or Energy
Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón ("Our Lady of the Sacred Heart"), also known as Iglesia Punta Carretas ("Punta Carretas Church"), was built between 1917 and 1927 in the Romanesque Revival style. The church was originally part of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, but is presently in the parish of the Ecclesiastic Curia. Its location is at the corner of Solano García and José Ellauri. It has a nave and aisles. The roof has many vaults. During the construction of the Punta Carretas Shopping complex, major cracks developed in the structure of the church as a result of differential foundation settlement.

question: What does Nuestra Senora del Sagrado Corazon mean?, answer: Our Lady of the Sacred Heart | question: What does Iglesia Punta Carretas mean?, answer: Punta Carretas Church | question: Between what years was the Iglesia Punta Carretas built?, answer: between 1917 and 1927 | question: What stle was the Iglesia Punta Carretas built in?, answer: Romanesque Revival style
Nueva Vizcaya (New Biscay) was the first province of northern New Spain to be explored and settled by the Spanish. Around 1528, a group of Spaniard explorers, led by Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, first entered the actual territory of what is now Chihuahua. The conquest of the territory lasted nearly one century, and encountered fierce resistance from the Conchos tribe, but the desire of the Spanish Crown to transform the region into a bustling mining center led to a strong strategy to control the area.

question: What was the first province of northern New Spain to be explored?, answer: Nueva Vizcaya | question: Around 1528, a group of Spaniards entered the territory that now makes up what state?, answer: Chihuahua | question: The conquest of the territory lasted nearly how long?, answer: one century | question: The Spanish crown wanted to turn the region into what type of industry?, answer: mining center | question: Which tribe resisted fiercely this conquest?, answer: Conchos tribe
Numerous communities of dark-skinned peoples are present in North Africa, some dating from prehistoric communities. Others are descendants of the historical Trans-Saharan trade in peoples and/or, and after the Arab invasions of North Africa in the 7th century, descendants of slaves from the Arab Slave Trade in North Africa.

question: Where was the Arab Slave Trade?, answer: North Africa | question: When were the Arab Invasions?, answer: the 7th century | question: Where were numerous dark-skinned communities?, answer: North Africa | question: When did these communities begin?, answer: some dating from prehistoric communities. | question: Who are they descendants of?, answer: Trans-Saharan trade in peoples
Numerous examples show influence in the opposite direction, including popular songs based on classical music, the use to which Pachelbel's Canon has been put since the 1970s, and the musical crossover phenomenon, where classical musicians have achieved success in the popular music arena. In heavy metal, a number of lead guitarists (playing electric guitar) modeled their playing styles on Baroque or Classical era instrumental music, including Ritchie Blackmore and Randy Rhoads.

question: Pachelbel's Canon has influenced popular songs since what decade?, answer: the 1970s | question: What phenomenon sees classical musicians achieving success in popular music?, answer: the musical crossover phenomenon | question: Baroque or Classical era influence can be seen in what modern musical style?, answer: heavy metal | question: Ritchie Blackmore and Randy Rhoads play what instrument?, answer: electric guitar
Numerous immigrants have come as merchants and become a major part of the business community, including Lebanese, Indians, and other West African nationals. There is a high percentage of interracial marriage between ethnic Liberians and the Lebanese, resulting in a significant mixed-race population especially in and around Monrovia. A small minority of Liberians of European descent reside in the country.[better source needed] The Liberian constitution restricts citizenship to people of Black African descent.

question: There is high percentage of interracial marriage between what two groups?, answer: Liberians and the Lebanese | question: The interracial couples in Liberia result in what?, answer: a significant mixed-race population | question: Where do Liberians of European decent live?, answer: in the country | question: The Liberian constitution restricts citizenship of whom?, answer: Black African descent.
Numerous indigenous peoples occupied Alaska for thousands of years before the arrival of European peoples to the area. Linguistic and DNA studies done here have provided evidence for the settlement of North America by way of the Bering land bridge.[citation needed] The Tlingit people developed a society with a matrilineal kinship system of property inheritance and descent in what is today Southeast Alaska, along with parts of British Columbia and the Yukon. Also in Southeast were the Haida, now well known for their unique arts. The Tsimshian people came to Alaska from British Columbia in 1887, when President Grover Cleveland, and later the U.S. Congress, granted them permission to settle on Annette Island and found the town of Metlakatla. All three of these peoples, as well as other indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, experienced smallpox outbreaks from the late 18th through the mid-19th century, with the most devastating epidemics occurring in the 1830s and 1860s, resulting in high fatalities and social disruption.

question: Which President allowed Tsimshian settlers to inhabit Annette Island?, answer: Grover Cleveland | question: What epidemic resulted in numerous deaths between the 1830s and 1860s?, answer: smallpox | question: In what year did the Tsimshian people arrive in Alaska?, answer: 1887 | question: Which Alaskan indigenous group is now well-known for their art?, answer: the Haida
Numerous live performance events dedicated to house music were founded during the course of the decade, including Shambhala Music Festival and major industry sponsored events like Miami's Winter Music Conference. The genre even gained popularity in the Middle East in cities such as Dubai & Abu Dhabi[citation needed] and at events like Creamfields.

question: Where did the Winter Music Conference take place?, answer: Miami | question: The Shambhala Music Festival was dedicated to what?, answer: house music | question: where did house music gain popularity in the middle east?, answer: Dubai & Abu Dhabi | question: what event led to an increase in popularity for house music in the middle east?, answer: Creamfields | question: what large event in Miami was industry sponsored?, answer: Shambhala Music Festival
Numerous men from Detroit volunteered to fight for the Union during the American Civil War, including the 24th Michigan Infantry Regiment (part of the legendary Iron Brigade), which fought with distinction and suffered 82% casualties at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863. When the First Volunteer Infantry Regiment arrived to fortify Washington, DC, President Abraham Lincoln is quoted as saying "Thank God for Michigan!" George Armstrong Custer led the Michigan Brigade during the Civil War and called them the "Wolverines".

question: What year was the Battle of Gettysburg?, answer: 1863 | question: Who led the Wolverine Brigade?, answer: George Armstrong Custer | question: What Brigade was the 24th Michigan Infantry Regiment a part of?, answer: Iron Brigade | question: How many casualties did the 24th Michigan Infantry Regiment have in Gettysburg?, answer: 82%
Numerous modern mandolin makers build instruments that largely replicate the Gibson F-5 Artist models built in the early 1920s under the supervision of Gibson acoustician Lloyd Loar. Original Loar-signed instruments are sought after and extremely valuable. Other makers from the Loar period and earlier include Lyon and Healy, Vega and Larson Brothers. Some notable modern American carved mandolin manufacturers include, in addition to Kay, Gibson, Weber, Monteleone and Collings. Mandolins from other countries include The Loar (China), Santa, Rosa (China), Michael Kelly (Korea), Eastman (China), Kentucky (China), Heiden (Canada), Gilchrist (Australia) and Morgan Monroe (China).

question: What style of Gisbon Mandolin was largely replicated?, answer: Gibson F-5 | question: When was the Gibson F-5 largely replicated?, answer: early 1920s | question: Who supervised the Gibson F-5's replication?, answer: Gibson acoustician Lloyd Loar | question: Who are the other makers from the Loar period?, answer: Lyon and Healy, Vega and Larson Brothers | question: Who were notable modern American mandolin manufacturers?, answer: Kay, Gibson, Weber, Monteleone and Collings.
Numerous plays are put on every year at Eton College; there is one main theatre, called the Farrer (seating 400) and 2 Studio theatres, called the Caccia Studio and Empty Space (seating 90 and 80 respectively). There are about 8 or 9 house productions each year, around 3 or 4 "independent" plays (not confined solely to one house, produced, directed and funded by Etonians) and three school plays, one specifically for boys in the first two years, and two open to all years. The School Plays have such good reputations that they are normally fully booked every night. Productions also take place in varying locations around the School, varying from the sports fields to more historic buildings such as Upper School and College Chapel.

question: How many people can sit in the audience at Eton's main theatre?, answer: 400 | question: What is the name of Eton's largest theatre?, answer: Farrer | question: How many house productions does Eton run each year?, answer: about 8 or 9 | question: What are "independent" theatre productions at Eton?, answer: not confined solely to one house, produced, directed and funded by Etonians | question: Do the plays sport high attendance rates?, answer: fully booked every night
Numerous regional transportation projects have occurred in recent years to mitigate congestion in San Diego. Notable efforts are improvements to San Diego freeways, expansion of San Diego Airport, and doubling the capacity of the cruise ship terminal of the port. Freeway projects included expansion of Interstates 5 and 805 around "The Merge," a rush-hour spot where the two freeways meet. Also, an expansion of Interstate 15 through the North County is underway with the addition of high-occupancy-vehicle (HOV) "managed lanes". There is a tollway (The South Bay Expressway) connecting SR 54 and Otay Mesa, near the Mexican border. According to a 2007 assessment, 37 percent of streets in San Diego were in acceptable driving condition. The proposed budget fell $84.6 million short of bringing the city's streets to an acceptable level. Port expansions included a second cruise terminal on Broadway Pier which opened in 2010. Airport projects include expansion of Terminal 2, currently under construction and slated for completion in summer 2013.

question: What is the name given to the highly congested spot where Interstates 5 and 805 meet?, answer: The Merge | question: What tollway connects Otay Mesa with SR 54?, answer: The South Bay Expressway | question: Which terminal was expanded in the San Diego International Airport in 2013?, answer: Terminal 2 | question: What type of special lanes were added to Interstate 15?, answer: high-occupancy-vehicle (HOV) "managed lanes" | question: In 2007, what percentage of the roads in San Diego were considered acceptable?, answer: 37 percent
Nurhaci declared himself the "Bright Khan" of the Later Jin (lit. "gold") state in honor both of the 12–13th century Jurchen Jin dynasty and of his Aisin Gioro clan (Aisin being Manchu for the Chinese 金 (jīn, "gold")). His son Hong Taiji renamed the dynasty Great Qing in 1636. There are competing explanations on the meaning of Qīng (lit. "clear" or "pure"). The name may have been selected in reaction to the name of the Ming dynasty (明), which consists of the Chinese characters for "sun" (日) and "moon" (月), both associated with the fire element of the Chinese zodiacal system. The character Qīng (清) is composed of "water" (氵) and "azure" (青), both associated with the water element. This association would justify the Qing conquest as defeat of fire by water. The water imagery of the new name may also have had Buddhist overtones of perspicacity and enlightenment and connections with the Bodhisattva Manjusri. The Manchu name daicing, which sounds like a phonetic rendering of Dà Qīng or Dai Ching, may in fact have been derived from a Mongolian word that means "warrior". Daicing gurun may therefore have meant "warrior state", a pun that was only intelligible to Manchu and Mongol people. In the later part of the dynasty, however, even the Manchus themselves had forgotten this possible meaning.

question: Who named himself the Bright Khan?, answer: Nurhaci | question: What imagery is suggested in the Chinese characters of the dynasties new name?, answer: water imagery | question: Who renamed the Qing dynasty in 1363?, answer: Hong Taiji | question: What language did the dynasties name come from originall?, answer: Mongolian | question: What Mongolian word did Qing dynasty get it's name from?, answer: Mongolian word that means "warrior"
Nutrition is taught in schools in many countries. In England and Wales, the Personal and Social Education and Food Technology curricula include nutrition, stressing the importance of a balanced diet and teaching how to read nutrition labels on packaging. In many schools, a Nutrition class will fall within the Family and Consumer Science or Health departments. In some American schools, students are required to take a certain number of FCS or Health related classes. Nutrition is offered at many schools, and, if it is not a class of its own, nutrition is included in other FCS or Health classes such as: Life Skills, Independent Living, Single Survival, Freshmen Connection, Health etc. In many Nutrition classes, students learn about the food groups, the food pyramid, Daily Recommended Allowances, calories, vitamins, minerals, malnutrition, physical activity, healthful food choices, portion sizes, and how to live a healthy life.

question: In England and which other country is there a curricula that revolves around nutritional education?, answer: Wales | question: What is the official name of the curricula that promotes nutritional education in schools?, answer: Personal and Social Education and Food Technology curricula | question: What does FCS stand for?, answer: Family and Consumer Science | question: Aside from dieting and general nutritional information, what else does the curricula in England and Wales aim to teach students?, answer: how to read nutrition labels on packaging | question: In which type of school are kids required to take a number of health related courses?, answer: American
Nutritionism is the view that excessive reliance on food science and the study of nutrition can lead to poor nutrition and to ill health. It was originally credited to Gyorgy Scrinis, and was popularized by Michael Pollan. Since nutrients are invisible, policy makers rely on nutrition experts to advise on food choices. Because science has an incomplete understanding of how food affects the human body, Pollan argues, nutritionism can be blamed for many of the health problems relating to diet in the Western World today.

question: What is the term that refers to a viewpoint that believes a reliance on food science is a cause of poor nutrition and ill health?, answer: Nutritionism | question: Who is originally claimed to have given birth to the concept of nutritionism?, answer: Gyorgy Scrinis | question: Although he was not the creator of the concept, who popularized the idea of nutritionism?, answer: Michael Pollan | question: Who has to rely on nutrition experts when it comes to making decisions regarding food and nutritional values?, answer: policy makers | question: Which region of the world does Pollan claim could trace their health problems back to nutritionism?, answer: Western World
OU Medicine, an academic medical institution located on the campus of The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, is home to OU Medical Center. OU Medicine operates Oklahoma's only level-one trauma center at the OU Medical Center and the state's only level-one trauma center for children at Children's Hospital at OU Medicine, both of which are located in the Oklahoma Health Center district. Other medical facilities operated by OU Medicine include OU Physicians and OU Children's Physicians, the OU College of Medicine, the Oklahoma Cancer Center and OU Medical Center Edmond, the latter being located in the northern suburb of Edmond.

question: Where is the Children's hospital located?, answer: Oklahoma Health Center district
Oakland County in Metro Detroit, once rated amongst the wealthiest US counties per household, is no longer shown in the top 25 listing of Forbes magazine. But internal county statistical methods – based on measuring per capita income for counties with more than one million residents – show that Oakland is still within the top 12, slipping from the 4th-most affluent such county in the U.S. in 2004 to 11th-most affluent in 2009. Detroit dominates Wayne County, which has an average household income of about $38,000, compared to Oakland County's $62,000.

question: What is Oakland Counties rank in affluence in 2009?, answer: 11th | question: What city dominates Wayne County?, answer: Detroit | question: What is Oakland Counties average income?, answer: $62,000 | question: What is Wayne Counties average income?, answer: $38,000
Obesity can unfavourably alter hormonal and metabolic status via resistance to the hormone leptin, and a vicious cycle may occur in which insulin/leptin resistance and obesity aggravate one another. The vicious cycle is putatively fuelled by continuously high insulin/leptin stimulation and fat storage, as a result of high intake of strongly insulin/leptin stimulating foods and energy. Both insulin and leptin normally function as satiety signals to the hypothalamus in the brain; however, insulin/leptin resistance may reduce this signal and therefore allow continued overfeeding despite large body fat stores. In addition, reduced leptin signalling to the brain may reduce leptin's normal effect to maintain an appropriately high metabolic rate.

question: Obesity can cause resistance to which hormone?, answer: leptin | question: In the so called vicious cycle, what aggravates obesity to continue the cycle?, answer: insulin/leptin resistance | question: A characteristic of the cycle other than fat storage is a continuously high stimulation of what?, answer: insulin/leptin | question: What function do insulin and leptin normally provide in the body?, answer: satiety signals to the hypothalamus | question: What effect does insulin/leptin resistance have on the function of insulin/leptin?, answer: reduce this signal
Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps. Some people have concerns about the health effects of fluorescent lamps. However, even though they contain mercury, the environmental performance of CFLs is much better than that of light bulbs, mostly because they consume much less energy and therefore strongly reduce the environmental impact of power production. LED lamps are even more efficient, and are free of mercury. They are regarded as the best solution in terms of cost effectiveness and robustness.

question: Is the environmental performance of CFLs better or worse than that of incandescents?, answer: better | question: Which type of light bulbs is considered most cost effective and robust?, answer: LED lamps | question: What are some objections to banning incandescent bulbs?, answer: higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps | question: What substance in CFL bulbs raises health concerns?, answer: mercury | question: Do CFLs consume more, less, or the same amount of energy as incandescent bulbs?, answer: much less