lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The sales breakdown of the Macintosh have seen sales of desktop Macs stayed mostly constant while being surpassed by that of Mac notebooks whose sales rate has grown considerably; seven out of ten Macs sold were laptops in 2009, a ratio projected to rise to three out of four by 2010. The change in sales of form factors is due to the desktop iMac moving from affordable (iMac G3) to upscale (iMac G4) and subsequent releases are considered premium all-in-ones. By contrast the MSRP of the MacBook laptop lines have dropped through successive generations such that the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro constitute the lowest price of entry to a Mac, with the exception of the even more inexpensive Mac Mini (the only sub-$1000 offering from Apple, albeit without a monitor and keyboard), not surprisingly the MacBooks are the top-selling form factors of the Macintosh platform today. The use of Intel microprocessors has helped Macs more directly compete with their Windows counterparts on price and performance, and by the 2010s Apple was receiving Intel's latest CPUs first before other PC manufacturers.

question: In 2009, how many Macs sold were laptops?, answer: seven out of ten | question: What has helped Macs more directly compete with Windows on price and performance?, answer: The use of Intel microprocessors | question: In 2010, what did Apple receive before other PC manufacturers?, answer: Intel's latest CPUs | question: What are the top-selling form factors of the Mac platform today?, answer: MacBooks | question: What is the name of the most inexpensive Mac offered?, answer: Mac Mini
The salivary glands (element 30 in numbered diagram) in an insect's mouth produce saliva. The salivary ducts lead from the glands to the reservoirs and then forward through the head to an opening called the salivarium, located behind the hypopharynx. By moving its mouthparts (element 32 in numbered diagram) the insect can mix its food with saliva. The mixture of saliva and food then travels through the salivary tubes into the mouth, where it begins to break down. Some insects, like flies, have extra-oral digestion. Insects using extra-oral digestion expel digestive enzymes onto their food to break it down. This strategy allows insects to extract a significant proportion of the available nutrients from the food source.:31 The gut is where almost all of insects' digestion takes place. It can be divided into the foregut, midgut and hindgut.

question: What produces saliva in an insects mouth?, answer: salivary glands | question: What leads from the salivary glands to the reservoirs?, answer: salivary ducts | question: What is an opening through the head called?, answer: salivarium | question: Where is the salivarium located?, answer: behind the hypopharynx | question: Where does an insect's digestion happen?, answer: The gut
The same character converted to UTF-8 becomes the byte sequence EF BB BF. The Unicode Standard allows that the BOM "can serve as signature for UTF-8 encoded text where the character set is unmarked". Some software developers have adopted it for other encodings, including UTF-8, in an attempt to distinguish UTF-8 from local 8-bit code pages. However RFC 3629, the UTF-8 standard, recommends that byte order marks be forbidden in protocols using UTF-8, but discusses the cases where this may not be possible. In addition, the large restriction on possible patterns in UTF-8 (for instance there cannot be any lone bytes with the high bit set) means that it should be possible to distinguish UTF-8 from other character encodings without relying on the BOM.

question: What is the UTF-8 standard?, answer: RFC 3629 | question: Byte order marks are forbidden in protocols using what standard?, answer: UTF-8 | question: Why is it possible to distinguish UTF-8 from other protocols?, answer: the large restriction on possible patterns
The same considerations about barriers and detours that apply to long-distance land-bird migration apply to water birds, but in reverse: a large area of land without bodies of water that offer feeding sites may also be a barrier to a bird that feeds in coastal waters. Detours avoiding such barriers are observed: for example, brent geese Branta bernicla migrating from the Taymyr Peninsula to the Wadden Sea travel via the White Sea coast and the Baltic Sea rather than directly across the Arctic Ocean and northern Scandinavia.

question: What do water birds avoid while migrating?, answer: a large area of land without bodies of water | question: Where do brent geese migrate from?, answer: the Taymyr Peninsula | question: Where do brent geese migrate to?, answer: the Wadden Sea | question: How do brent geese migrate?, answer: via the White Sea coast and the Baltic Sea
The same divine agencies who caused disease or harm also had the power to avert it, and so might be placated in advance. Divine consideration might be sought to avoid the inconvenient delays of a journey, or encounters with banditry, piracy and shipwreck, with due gratitude to be rendered on safe arrival or return. In times of great crisis, the Senate could decree collective public rites, in which Rome's citizens, including women and children, moved in procession from one temple to the next, supplicating the gods.

question: What elements had the power of benefit or harm in Roman religion?, answer: divine agencies | question: What was expected when the divine intervention benefited the patron?, answer: gratitude | question: What kind of intervention could be sought to avoid disasters?, answer: Divine | question: What act was decreed in times of crisis in Rome?, answer: public rites | question: What was the point of public procession to the god's temples?, answer: supplicating the gods
The same happens with Arabic loanwords. Thus, Catalan alfàbia "large earthenware jar" and rajola "tile", of Arabic origin, contrast with Spanish tinaja and teja, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan oli "oil" and oliva "olive", of Latin origin, contrast with Spanish aceite and aceituna. However, the Arabic element in Spanish is generally much more prevalent.

question: What element in Spanish is more prominent than in Catalan?, answer: Arabic element | question: What language loanwords are found in both Spanish and Catalan?, answer: Arabic loanwords | question: In which language is the Arabic element stand out more?, answer: Spanish | question: Where does the Catalan word alfabia come from?, answer: of Arabic origin | question: What is the origin of the Spanish word teja?, answer: Latin origin
The scale of humanitarian aid to the poor and unstable regions of the world grows, but it is highly vulnerable to corruption, with food aid, construction and other highly valued assistance as the most at risk. Food aid can be directly and physically diverted from its intended destination, or indirectly through the manipulation of assessments, targeting, registration and distributions to favor certain groups or individuals.

question: Along with food aid, what is most at risk in these countries?, answer: construction | question: How is food aid usually directly redirected from the people it should go to?, answer: physically diverted | question: Food aid can also be indirectly diverted from its intended recipients through the manipulation of what?, answer: assessments
The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and traditions about Somalis from explorers and geographers in the Horn of Africa and the Middle East. Since 1980, prominent Somalist scholars from around the world have also gathered annually to hold the International Congress of Somali Studies.

question: What is the academic study of the Somali people called?, answer: Somali Studies | question: Along with sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology, what field is part of Somali Studies?, answer: anthropology | question: Along with chronicles and records, what indigenous sources are used in Somali Studies?, answer: oral literature | question: What is the name of the annual gathering of Somali Studies scholars?, answer: the International Congress of Somali Studies | question: When did the International Congress of Somali Studies begin?, answer: 1980
The school broke off from the University of Deseret and became Brigham Young Academy, with classes commencing on January 3, 1876. Warren Dusenberry served as interim principal of the school for several months until April 1876 when Brigham Young's choice for principal arrived—a German immigrant named Karl Maeser. Under Maeser's direction the school educated many luminaries including future U.S. Supreme Court Justice George Sutherland and future U.S. Senator Reed Smoot among others. The school, however, did not become a university until the end of Benjamin Cluff, Jr's term at the helm of the institution. At that time, the school was also still privately supported by members of the community and was not absorbed and sponsored officially by the LDS Church until July 18, 1896. A series of odd managerial decisions by Cluff led to his demotion; however, in his last official act, he proposed to the Board that the Academy be named "Brigham Young University". The suggestion received a large amount of opposition, with many members of the Board saying that the school wasn't large enough to be a university, but the decision ultimately passed. One opponent to the decision, Anthon H. Lund, later said, "I hope their head will grow big enough for their hat."

question: What college did BYU separate from to become its own entity?, answer: University of Deseret | question: When did BYU first open its doors to students?, answer: January 3, 1876 | question: Who was the head of the school for its first few months?, answer: Warren Dusenberry | question: When did the Latter Day Saints Church acknowledge and begin to support BYU?, answer: July 18, 1896 | question: Who is responsible for proposing BYU's current name?, answer: Benjamin Cluff, Jr | question: Which school did Brigham Young Acadamy, now BYU, break off from in 1876?, answer: University of Deseret | question: Who was the first Brigham Young Acadamy, now BYU, principal chosen by Brigham Young?, answer: Karl Maeser | question: What did Brigham Young Acadamy become at the end of Benjamin Cluff Jr's term at the helm?, answer: a university | question: Who was BYU supported by before being sponsored by the LDS Church?, answer: members of the community | question: What did Board opponent Anthon H. Lund say after Brigham voted to change their name to a University?, answer: "I hope their head will grow big enough for their hat."
The school has many nationally and internationally acclaimed scholars in social security, health care, health disparities, communication, social and health policy, and individual and family development. Many of the faculty have training in both social work and public health. The school's current dean is Edward F. Lawlor. In addition to affiliation with the university-wide Institute of Public Health, Brown houses 12 research centers. The Brown School Library collects materials on many topics, with specific emphasis on: children, youth, and families; gerontology; health; mental health; social and economic development; family therapy; and management. The library maintains subscriptions to over 450 academic journals.

question: Who is the Brown School's current Dean?, answer: Edward F. Lawlor | question: How many research centers are housed by the Brown School?, answer: 12 research centers. | question: What topics of emphasis are contained in the Brown School Library collection?, answer: children, youth, and families; gerontology; health; mental health; social and economic development; family therapy; and management. | question: What areas does the Brown School Library have represented scholars?, answer: social security, health care, health disparities, communication, social and health policy, and individual and family development | question: To how many academic journals does the Brown School Library subscribe?, answer: over 450 academic journals
The school newspaper of the University of Kansas is University Daily Kansan, which placed first in the Intercollegiate Writing Competition of the prestigious William Randolph Hearst Writing Foundation competition, often called "The Pulitzers of College Journalism" in 2007. In Winter 2008, a group of students created KUpedia, a wiki about all things KU. They have received student funding for operations in 2008–09. The KU Department of English publishes the Coal City Review, an annual literary journal of prose, poetry, reviews and illustrations. The Review typically features the work of many writers, but periodically spotlights one author, as in the case of 2006 Nelson Poetry Book Award-winner Voyeur Poems by Matthew Porubsky.

question: What is the name of the newspaper printed every day by the University of Kansas?, answer: University Daily Kansan | question: What high profile contest has the Daily Kansan won?, answer: Intercollegiate Writing Competition | question: In what year did the Daily Kansan win the Intercollegiate Writing Competition?, answer: 2007 | question: What is the name of an online resource that was created into provide a resource about KU?, answer: KUpedia | question: What is the name of the poet who won the Nelson award in 2006?, answer: Matthew Porubsky
The school's sports teams, wearing crimson and royal blue, are called the Kansas Jayhawks. They participate in the NCAA's Division I and in the Big 12 Conference. KU has won thirteen National Championships: five in men's basketball (two Helms Foundation championships and three NCAA championships), three in men's indoor track and field, three in men's outdoor track and field, one in men's cross country and one in women's outdoor track and field. The home course for KU Cross Country is Rim Rock Farm. Their most recent championship came on June 8, 2013 when the KU women's track and field team won the NCAA outdoor in Eugene, Oregon becoming the first University of Kansas women's team to win a national title.

question: What colors are worn by KU's athletic teams?, answer: crimson and royal blue | question: What is the name of KU athletic teams?, answer: Kansas Jayhawks | question: How many times has the male basketball team from Kansas won a national title?, answer: five | question: How many natioanl female outdoor track and field championships have been won by the University of Kansas?, answer: one | question: Where does KU's cross country team run?, answer: Rim Rock Farm
The scientific revolution is a convenient boundary between ancient thought and classical physics. Nicolaus Copernicus revived the heliocentric model of the solar system described by Aristarchus of Samos. This was followed by the first known model of planetary motion given by Johannes Kepler in the early 17th century, which proposed that the planets follow elliptical orbits, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse. Galileo ("Father of Modern Physics") also made use of experiments to validate physical theories, a key element of the scientific method.

question: Which movement is considered to be a dividing line between ancient thought and classical physics?, answer: The scientific revolution | question: Who made the heliocentric model popular?, answer: Nicolaus Copernicus | question: Johannes Kepler created a model of what?, answer: planetary motion | question: What did Johannes Kepler's model suggest about the planets?, answer: the planets follow elliptical orbits | question: What was Galileo's nickname?, answer: Father of Modern Physics
The scope of the term "post-punk" has been subject to controversy. While some critics, such as AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine, have employed the term "post-punk" to denote "a more adventurous and arty form of punk", others have suggested it pertains to a set of artistic sensibilities and approaches rather than any unifying style. Music journalist and post-punk scholar Simon Reynolds has advocated that post-punk be conceived as "less a genre of music than a space of possibility", suggesting that "what unites all this activity is a set of open-ended imperatives: innovation; willful oddness; the willful jettisoning of all things precedented or 'rock'n'roll'". Nicholas Lezard, problematizing the categorization of post-punk as a genre, described the movement as "so multifarious that only the broadest use of the term is possible".

question: Who described post-punk as "a more adventurous and arty form of punk"?, answer: Stephen Thomas Erlewine | question: Who described post-punk as "less a genre of music than a space of possibility"?, answer: Simon Reynolds | question: Who said "so multifarious that only the broadest use of the term is possible" with regards to post-punk?, answer: Nicholas Lezard | question: Who does music critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine work for?, answer: AllMusic | question: What as the blanket term "post-punk" been the target of?, answer: controversy | question: What organization is Stephen Thomas Erlewine associated with?, answer: AllMusic | question: What have some people suggested post-punk doesn't have, instead being more about approaches and sensibilities?, answer: unifying style | question: Why type of scholar is music journalist Simon Reynolds?, answer: post-punk | question: Why is only the broadest use of genre possible when trying to categorize what actually defines post-punk?, answer: multifarious
The second Diadochi war began following the death of Antipater in 319 BC. Passing over his own son, Cassander, Antipater had declared Polyperchon his successor as Regent. Cassander rose in revolt against Polyperchon (who was joined by Eumenes) and was supported by Antigonus, Lysimachus and Ptolemy. In 317, Cassander invaded Macedonia, attaining control of Macedon, sentencing Olympias to death and capturing the boy king Alexander IV, and his mother. In Asia, Eumenes was betrayed by his own men after years of campaign and was given up to Antigonus who had him executed.

question: When did Antipater die?, answer: 319 BC | question: Who did Antipater declar as his successor?, answer: Polyperchon | question: When did Cassander invade Macedonia?, answer: 317 | question: Who ordered Eumenes' execution?, answer: Antigonus | question: Who sentenced Olympias to death?, answer: Cassander
The second Digimon series is direct continuation of the first one, and began airing on April 2, 2000. Three years later, with most of the original DigiDestined now in high school at age fourteen, the Digital World was supposedly secure and peaceful. However, a new evil has appeared in the form of the Digimon Emperor (Digimon Kaiser) who as opposed to previous enemies is a human just like the DigiDestined. The Digimon Emperor has been enslaving Digimon with Dark Rings and Control Spires and has somehow made regular Digivolution impossible. However, five set Digi-Eggs with engraved emblems had been appointed to three new DigiDestined along with T.K. and Kari, two of the DigiDestined from the previous series. This new evolutionary process, dubbed Armor Digivolution helps the new DigiDestined to defeat evil lurking in the Digital World. Eventually, the DigiDestined defeat the Digimon Emperor, more commonly known as Ken Ichijouji on Earth, only with the great sacrifice of Ken's own Digimon, Wormmon. Just when things were thought to be settled, new Digimon enemies made from the deactivated Control Spires start to appear and cause trouble in the Digital World. To atone for his past mistakes, Ken joins the DigiDestined, being a DigiDestined himself, with his Partner Wormmon revived to fight against them. They soon save countries including France and Australia from control spires and defeat MaloMyotismon (BelialVamdemon), the digivolved form of Myotismon (Vamdemon) from the previous series. They stop the evil from destroying the two worlds, and at the end, every person on Earth gains their own Digimon partner.

question: When did the second series of Digimon air?, answer: April 2, 2000 | question: What age are the original DigiDestined now that they are in High School?, answer: fourteen | question: Who is the new evil force that has been enslaving people?, answer: Digimon Kaiser | question: What did Ken do in order to atone for his mistakes?, answer: joins the DigiDestined
The second and most dramatic boom and bust resulted from the Klondike Gold Rush, which ended the depression that had begun with the Panic of 1893; in a short time, Seattle became a major transportation center. On July 14, 1897, the S.S. Portland docked with its famed "ton of gold", and Seattle became the main transport and supply point for the miners in Alaska and the Yukon. Few of those working men found lasting wealth, however; it was Seattle's business of clothing the miners and feeding them salmon that panned out in the long run. Along with Seattle, other cities like Everett, Tacoma, Port Townsend, Bremerton, and Olympia, all in the Puget Sound region, became competitors for exchange, rather than mother lodes for extraction, of precious metals. The boom lasted well into the early part of the 20th century and funded many new Seattle companies and products. In 1907, 19-year-old James E. Casey borrowed $100 from a friend and founded the American Messenger Company (later UPS). Other Seattle companies founded during this period include Nordstrom and Eddie Bauer. Seattle brought in the Olmsted Brothers landscape architecture firm to design a system of parks and boulevards.

question: After lumbering, what was Seattle's second big economic boom?, answer: Klondike Gold Rush | question: What event ended the Gold Rush?, answer: depression | question: What was the start of the depression that stopped the Gold Rush?, answer: Panic of 1893 | question: For whom was Seattle the main port of supply ?, answer: miners | question: What company did James E. Casey found in 1907 with a borrowed $100?, answer: American Messenger Company
The second approach to the problem took as its base the notion of class, and defines a set as a class which belongs to other classes, while a proper class is defined as a class which does not belong to other classes. Under the Zermelo–Fraenkel approach, the axioms impede the construction of a set of all sets which do not belong to themselves. In contrast, under the von Neumann approach, the class of all sets which do not belong to themselves can be constructed, but it is a proper class and not a set.

question: What is a proper class?, answer: a class which does not belong to other classes | question: Under what approach does an axiom impede a set of all sets which do not belong to themselves?, answer: Zermelo–Fraenkel | question: Under Von Neumann's approach can a class of all sets that do not belong to themselves be constructed?, answer: class of all sets which do not belong to themselves can be constructed, but it is a proper class and not a set.
The second decline was not as complete as the first. Thousands of people had learned to play the instrument. Even as the second wave of mandolin popularity declined in the early 20th century, new versions of the mandolin began to be used in new forms of music. Luthiers created the resonator mandolin, the flatback mandolin, the carved-top or arched-top mandolin, the mandolin-banjo and the electric mandolin. Musicians began playing it in Celtic, Bluegrass, Jazz and Rock-n-Roll styles — and Classical too.

question: When was the second decline of mandolin popularity?, answer: early 20th century, | question: Why was the second decline in popularity not a strong as the first?, answer: Thousands of people had learned to play the instrument | question: Who created the rasonator mandolin?, answer: Luthiers | question: What are two types of new mandolins the Luthiers created?, answer: mandolin-banjo and the electric mandolin | question: What types of music did musicians begin to play the mandolins in?, answer: Celtic, Bluegrass, Jazz and Rock-n-Roll styles — and Classical too.