lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The Muslims took control of the Island in 904, after decades of fierce fighting, and the Emirate of Sicily was established. Muslim rule on the island lasted for about 120 years and was marked by cruelty and brutality against the native population, which was reduced into near slavery[clarification needed] and Christian churches across the island were all completely destroyed.[page needed] Palermo (Balarm during Arab rule) displaced Syracuse as the capital city of Sicily. It was said to have then begun to compete with Córdoba and Cairo in terms of importance and splendor. For more than one hundred years Palermo was the capital of a flourishing emirate. The Arabs also introduced many agricultural crops which remain a mainstay of Sicilian cuisine.

question: How long did Muslim control of Palermo last?, answer: 120 years | question: What did the Arabs introduce that continues to be relevant to Palermo's culture today?, answer: agricultural crops | question: How were the indigenous Palermo population treated under Muslim rule?, answer: reduced into near slavery
The Métropole du Grand Paris, or Metropolis of Greater Paris, formally came into existence on January 1, 2016. It is an administrative structure for cooperation between the City of Paris and its nearest suburbs. It includes the City of Paris, plus the communes, or towns of the three departments of the inner suburbs; Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne; plus seven communes in the outer suburbs, including Argenteuil in Val d'Oise and Paray-Vieille-Poste in Essonne, which were added to include the major airports of Paris. The Metropole covers 814 square kilometers and has a population of 6.945 million persons.

question: When did the Metropole du Grand Paris come into existence?, answer: January 1, 2016 | question: How large is the Metropole?, answer: 814 square kilometers | question: What is the population of the metropole?, answer: 6.945 million | question: What three departments of the inner suburbs are included in the metropole?, answer: Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne | question: How many communes of the outer suburbs are included in the metropole?, answer: seven
The Mīmāṃsā school has several subschools defined by epistemology. The Prābhākara subschool of Mīmāṃsā considered five epistemically reliable means to gaining knowledge: pratyakṣa (perception), anumāṇa (inference), upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), and śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts). The Kumārila Bhaṭṭa sub-school of Mīmāṃsā added sixth to its canon of reliable epistemology - anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof).

question: How many ways does the Mimamsa separate into subschools?, answer: several | question: How many ways does the Prabhakara subschool of Mimamsa say there are to gain knowledge?, answer: five | question: How is pratyaksa defined in the Prabhakara subschool?, answer: perception | question: What is the word for inference in the Prabhakara subschool?, answer: anumāṇa | question: What is comparison and analogy in the Prabhakara school?, answer: upamāṇa
The NBA's New Orleans Hornets became the first major league sports franchise based in Oklahoma when the team was forced to relocate to Oklahoma City's Ford Center, now known as Chesapeake Energy Arena, for two seasons following Hurricane Katrina in 2005. In July 2008, the Seattle SuperSonics, a franchise owned by the Professional Basketball Club LLC, a group of Oklahoma City businessmen led by Clayton Bennett, relocated to Oklahoma City and announced that play would begin at the Ford Center as the Oklahoma City Thunder for the 2008–09 season, becoming the state's first permanent major league franchise.

question: Which NBA team temporarily relocated to Oklahoma?, answer: New Orleans Hornets | question: Where did the temporary NBA team play in Oklahoma?, answer: Oklahoma City's Ford Center | question: What caused the temporary NBA team to relocate to Oklahoma?, answer: Hurricane Katrina | question: What was the Thunder's previous name?, answer: Seattle SuperSonics | question: Who owns the Thunder?, answer: Professional Basketball Club LLC
The NES Test Station's front features a Game Pak slot and connectors for testing various components (AC adapter, RF switch, Audio/Video cable, NES Control Deck, accessories and games), with a centrally-located selector knob to chose which component to test. The unit itself weighs approximately 11.7 pounds without a TV. It connects to a television via a combined A/V and RF Switch cable. By actuating the green button, a user can toggle between an A/V Cable or RF Switch connection. The television it is connected to (typically 11" to 14") is meant to be placed atop it.

question: How much does the NES unit weigh in pounds?, answer: 11.7 | question: How large was the typical television recommended for the device?, answer: typically 11" to 14" | question: Where was the Television meant to be placed?, answer: atop | question: What's the name of the feature on the front of the front of the NES test device?, answer: Game Pak slot
The NES can be emulated on many other systems, most notably the PC. The first emulator was the Japanese-only Pasofami. It was soon followed by iNES, which was available in English and was cross-platform, in 1996. It was described as being the first NES emulation software that could be used by a non-expert. NESticle, a popular MS-DOS emulator, was released on April 3, 1997. There have since been many other emulators. The Virtual Console for the Wii, Nintendo 3DS and Wii U also offers emulation of many NES games.

question: What was the first NES emulator?, answer: Pasofami | question: What was the first English available emulator?, answer: iNES | question: What platform was NESticle available for use?, answer: MS-DOS | question: When was NESticle released?, answer: April 3, 1997
The NES dropped the hardwired controllers, instead featuring two custom 7-pin ports on the front of the console. Also in contrast to the Famicom, the controllers included with the NES were identical to each other—the second controller lacked the microphone that was present on the Famicom model and possessed the same START and SELECT buttons as the primary controller. Some NES localizations of games, such as The Legend of Zelda, which required the use of the Famicom microphone in order to kill certain enemies, suffered from the lack of hardware to do so.

question: How many pins did the controller ports have on the NES?, answer: 7 | question: Unlike the Famicom, the NES controllers possessed what consistent feature?, answer: identical | question: The second controller possessed the START and SELECT buttons as what other device?, answer: primary controller | question: What did the Legend of Zelda require in certain instances to kill enemies?, answer: Famicom microphone
The NES uses a custom-made Picture Processing Unit (PPU) developed by Ricoh. All variations of the PPU feature 2 kB of video RAM, 256 bytes of on-die "object attribute memory" (OAM) to store the positions, colors, and tile indices of up to 64 sprites on the screen, and 28 bytes of on-die palette RAM to allow selection of background and sprite colors. The console's 2 kB of onboard RAM may be used for tile maps and attributes on the NES board and 8 kB of tile pattern ROM or RAM may be included on a cartridge. The system has an available color palette of 48 colors and 6 grays. Up to 25 simultaneous colors may be used without writing new values mid-frame: a background color, four sets of three tile colors and four sets of three sprite colors. The NES palette is based on NTSC rather than RGB values. A total of 64 sprites may be displayed onscreen at a given time without reloading sprites mid-screen. The standard display resolution of the NES is 256 horizontal pixels by 240 vertical pixels.

question: Who developed Nintendo's PPU?, answer: Ricoh | question: How many kb of Video RAM did the PPU have?, answer: 2 | question: The system has how many colors available on it?, answer: 48 | question: How many grays could be used as well?, answer: 6 | question: What is the standard display resolution of the NES?, answer: 256 horizontal pixels by 240 vertical pixels
The NES was released after the "video game crash" of the early 1980s, whereupon many retailers and adults had regarded electronic games as being merely a passing fad, and many believed at first that the NES was another fad. Before the NES/Famicom, Nintendo was known as a moderately successful Japanese toy and playing card manufacturer, and the popularity of the NES/Famicom helped the company grow into an internationally recognized name almost synonymous with video games as Atari had been during the 2600 era and set the stage for Japanese dominance of the video game industry. With the NES, Nintendo also changed the relationship of console manufacturers and third-party software developers by restricting developers from publishing and distributing software without licensed approval. This led to higher quality software titles, which helped to change the attitude of a public that had grown weary from poorly produced titles for other game systems of the day.

question: Nintendo produced toys and what other item before its game system?, answer: playing card | question: Nintendo's era was compared with who as another video game manufacturer?, answer: Atari | question: Nintendo required what from its software developers?, answer: licensed approval | question: What did licensing lead to regarding games?, answer: higher quality
The NFL Network ceased airing Arena Football League games partway through the 2012 season as a result of ongoing labor problems within the league. Briefly, the games were broadcast on a tape delay to prevent the embarrassment that would result should the players stage a work stoppage immediately prior to a scheduled broadcast. (In at least once incidence this actually happened, resulting in a non-competitive game being played with replacement players, and further such incidents were threatened.) Once the labor issues were resolved, the NFL Network resumed the practice of broadcasting a live Friday night game. NFL Network dropped the league at the end of the 2012 season.

question: In what year did AFL games temporarily cease to be broadcast on NFL Network?, answer: 2012 | question: Why did the temporary cessation of game broadcasts occur?, answer: ongoing labor problems | question: Why did the NFL Network begin to broadcast games again?, answer: the labor issues were resolved | question: On what day was an AFL game broadcast live on NFL Network?, answer: Friday | question: At what time of day was an AFL game shown on Fridays on NFL Network?, answer: night
The NTFS file system used by recent versions of Windows stores the file with a UTC time stamp, but displays it corrected to local—or seasonal—time. However, the FAT filesystem commonly used on removable devices stores only the local time. Consequently, when a file is copied from the hard disk onto separate media, its time will be set to the current local time. If the time adjustment is changed, the timestamps of the original file and the copy will be different. The same effect can be observed when compressing and uncompressing files with some file archivers. It is the NTFS file that changes seen time. This effect should be kept in mind when trying to determine if a file is a duplicate of another, although there are other methods of comparing files for equality (such as using a checksum algorithm).

question: What file system do recent Windows versions use?, answer: NTFS | question: Under NTFS, what does Windows use for file time stamps in storage?, answer: UTC | question: What file system do most removable devices use?, answer: FAT | question: What time will a file be set to if it's copied from the hard disk onto other media?, answer: current local time
The Nabatean Kingdom was an Arab state located between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Its capital was the city of Petra, an important trading city on the incense route. The Nabateans resisted the attacks of Antigonous and were allies of the Hasmoneans in their struggle against the Seleucids, but later fought against Herod the great. The hellenization of the Nabateans accured relatively late in comparison to the surrounding regions. Nabatean material culture does not show any Greek influence until the reign of Aretas III Philhellene in the 1st century BCE. Aretas captured Damascus and built the Petra pool complex and gardens in the Hellenistic style. Though the Nabateans originally worshipped their traditional gods in symbolic form such as stone blocks or pillars, during the Hellenistic period they began to identify their gods with Greek gods and depict them in figurative forms influenced by Greek sculpture. Nabatean art shows Greek influences and paintings have been found depicting Dionysian scenes. They also slowly adopted Greek as a language of commerce along with Aramaic and Arabic.

question: What Arab State lied between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula?, answer: Nabatean Kingdom | question: What was the capital of the Nabatean Kingdom?, answer: Petra | question: Who allied with the Nabatean Kingdom to fight against the Seleucids?, answer: Hasmoneans | question: Under whose reign did Nabatean culture begin to show Greek influence?, answer: Aretas III Philhellene | question: What century did Aretas III Philhellene reign?, answer: 1st
The Namibian Constitution adopted in February 1990 incorporated protection for human rights, compensation for state expropriations of private property, an independent judiciary and an executive presidency (the constituent assembly became the national assembly). The country officially became independent on 21 March 1990. Sam Nujoma was sworn in as the first President of Namibia watched by Nelson Mandela (who had been released from prison the previous month) and representatives from 147 countries, including 20 heads of state. Walvis Bay was ceded to Namibia in 1994 upon the end of Apartheid in South Africa.[citation needed]

question: When was the Namibian Constitution adopted?, answer: February 1990 | question: Who was the first President of Namibia?, answer: Sam Nujoma | question: When did the country of Namibia officially become a country?, answer: 21 March 1990 | question: Who swore in the first President of Namibia?, answer: Nelson Mandela | question: What was ceded to Namibia in 1994?, answer: Walvis Bay
The Napoleonic Wars were the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and ultimately the cause for the quest for a German nation state in 19th-century German nationalism. After the Congress of Vienna, Austria and Prussia emerged as two competitors. Austria, trying to remain the dominant power in Central Europe, led the way in the terms of the Congress of Vienna. The Congress of Vienna was essentially conservative, assuring that little would change in Europe and preventing Germany from uniting. These terms came to a sudden halt following the Revolutions of 1848 and the Crimean War in 1856, paving the way for German unification in the 1860s. By the 1820s, large numbers of Jewish German women had intermarried with Christian German men and had converted to Christianity. Jewish German Eduard Lasker was a prominent German nationalist figure who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid-19th century.

question: What was one of the main factors that caused the dissolve of the Holy Roman Empire?, answer: Napoleonic Wars | question: What assured Europe would remain the same preventing Germany from becoming one country?, answer: Congress of Vienna | question: When was the Crimean War?, answer: 1856 | question: When was Germany's unification?, answer: 1860s | question: What prominent Jewish German sought German unification in the mid 19th century?, answer: Eduard Lasker | question: What was the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire?, answer: The Napoleonic Wars | question: What two countries emerged as competitors after the Congress of Vienna?, answer: Austria and Prussia | question: Who led the way for the Congress of Vienna?, answer: Austria | question: In what decade was German unification?, answer: 1860s | question: Who was Eduard Lasker?, answer: a prominent German nationalist figure who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid-19th century
The Napoleonic Wars were therefore ones in which Britain invested large amounts of capital and resources to win. French ports were blockaded by the Royal Navy, which won a decisive victory over a Franco-Spanish fleet at Trafalgar in 1805. Overseas colonies were attacked and occupied, including those of the Netherlands, which was annexed by Napoleon in 1810. France was finally defeated by a coalition of European armies in 1815. Britain was again the beneficiary of peace treaties: France ceded the Ionian Islands, Malta (which it had occupied in 1797 and 1798 respectively), Mauritius, St Lucia, and Tobago; Spain ceded Trinidad; the Netherlands Guyana, and the Cape Colony. Britain returned Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, and Réunion to France, and Java and Suriname to the Netherlands, while gaining control of Ceylon (1795–1815).

question: The British Royal Navy blockaded which ports?, answer: French | question: Where did the British Royal Navy defeat the French and Spanish in 1805?, answer: Trafalgar | question: When were the Netherlands' colonies annexed by Napoleon?, answer: 1810 | question: When was Napoleon finally defeated?, answer: 1815 | question: The Napoleonic peace treaty had Ceylon given to which country?, answer: Britain
The National Archives Building in downtown Washington holds record collections such as all existing federal census records, ships' passenger lists, military unit records from the American Revolution to the Philippine–American War, records of the Confederate government, the Freedmen's Bureau records, and pension and land records.

question: Where is the National Archives Building located?, answer: downtown Washington | question: What proportion of the federal census records in existence does the National Archives Building house?, answer: all | question: What's the latest war The National Archives Building has military unit records for?, answer: Philippine–American War | question: What's the earliest war The National Archives Building has military unit records for, answer: American Revolution
The National Archives Building, known informally as Archives I, located north of the National Mall on Constitution Avenue in Washington, D.C., opened as its original headquarters in 1935. It holds the original copies of the three main formative documents of the United States and its government: the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. It also hosts a copy of the 1297 Magna Carta confirmed by Edward I. These are displayed to the public in the main chamber of the National Archives, which is called the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom. The National Archives Building also exhibits other important American historical documents such as the Louisiana Purchase Treaty, the Emancipation Proclamation, and collections of photography and other historically and culturally significant American artifacts.

question: What is the informal name of The National Archives Building?, answer: Archives I | question: On what street is the The National Archives Building located?, answer: Constitution Avenue | question: Where is the Declaration of Independence kept?, answer: The National Archives Building | question: Where in the National Archives can you view a copy of the Magna Carta?, answer: main chamber | question: Where is the Louisiana Purchase Treaty kept?, answer: The National Archives Building
The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States government charged with preserving and documenting government and historical records and with increasing public access to those documents, which comprise the National Archives. NARA is officially responsible for maintaining and publishing the legally authentic and authoritative copies of acts of Congress, presidential proclamations and executive orders, and federal regulations. The NARA also transmits votes of the Electoral College to Congress.

question: NARA is responsible for what collection of archives?, answer: National Archives | question: What independent agency preserves the original copy of executive orders?, answer: National Archives and Records Administration
The National Art Gallery in Yerevan has more than 16,000 works that date back to the Middle Ages, which indicate Armenia's rich tales and stories of the times. It houses paintings by many European masters as well. The Modern Art Museum, the Children’s Picture Gallery, and the Martiros Saryan Museum are only a few of the other noteworthy collections of fine art on display in Yerevan. Moreover, many private galleries are in operation, with many more opening every year, featuring rotating exhibitions and sales.

question: How many pieces can be found in the Yerevan National Art Gallery?, answer: more than 16,000 | question: Where other than the National Art Gallery can one find art on display in Yerevan?, answer: The Modern Art Museum, the Children’s Picture Gallery, and the Martiros Saryan Museum | question: What is the earliest period the National Art Gallery has pieces from?, answer: the Middle Ages
The National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH), which describes itself as a "professional, scientific organization that offers hope to those who struggle with unwanted homosexuality," disagrees with the mainstream mental health community's position on conversion therapy, both on its effectiveness and by describing sexual orientation not as a binary immutable quality, or as a disease, but as a continuum of intensities of sexual attractions and emotional affect. The American Psychological Association and the Royal College of Psychiatrists expressed concerns that the positions espoused by NARTH are not supported by the science and create an environment in which prejudice and discrimination can flourish.

question: What does NARTH stand for?, answer: The National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality | question: What does NARTH consider itself to be?, answer: a "professional, scientific organization that offers hope to those who struggle with unwanted homosexuality, | question: What does NARTH disagree with?, answer: the mainstream mental health community's position on conversion therapy | question: What does NARTH state is wrong with the mainstream mental healths stand on conversion therapy?, answer: its effectiveness and by describing sexual orientation not as a binary immutable quality | question: What concerns did both the American Psychological Association and the Royal College of PSychiatrist have with NARTH?, answer: that the positions espoused by NARTH are not supported by the science and create an environment in which prejudice and discrimination can flourish
The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, is the largest university on the continent, with more than 300,000 students from all backgrounds. Three Nobel laureates, several Mexican entrepreneurs and most of Mexico's modern-day presidents are among its former students. UNAM conducts 50% of Mexico's scientific research and has presence all across the country with satellite campuses, observatories and research centres. UNAM ranked 74th in the Top 200 World University Ranking published by Times Higher Education (then called Times Higher Education Supplement) in 2006, making it the highest ranked Spanish-speaking university in the world. The sprawling main campus of the university, known as Ciudad Universitaria, was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007.

question: What university is the largest of the continent?, answer: The National Autonomous University of Mexico | question: How many students attend UNAM?, answer: 300,000 | question: What percent of scientific research is done at UNAM?, answer: 50 | question: What worldwide ranking does UNAM hold?, answer: 74th | question: What is the main campus of UNAM called?, answer: Ciudad Universitaria