lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Thai alphabet support has been criticized for its ordering of Thai characters. The vowels เ, แ, โ, ใ, ไ that are written to the left of the preceding consonant are in visual order instead of phonetic order, unlike the Unicode representations of other Indic scripts. This complication is due to Unicode inheriting the Thai Industrial Standard 620, which worked in the same way, and was the way in which Thai had always been written on keyboards. This ordering problem complicates the Unicode collation process slightly, requiring table lookups to reorder Thai characters for collation. Even if Unicode had adopted encoding according to spoken order, it would still be problematic to collate words in dictionary order. E.g., the word แสดง [sa dɛːŋ] "perform" starts with a consonant cluster "สด" (with an inherent vowel for the consonant "ส"), the vowel แ-, in spoken order would come after the ด, but in a dictionary, the word is collated as it is written, with the vowel following the ส.

question: What standard did Unicode inherit involving a Thai language?, answer: Thai Industrial Standard 620 | question: Why has Thai alphabet support been criticized?, answer: its ordering of Thai characters | question: How are the Thai characters ordered incorrectly?, answer: Thai characters. The vowels เ, แ, โ, ใ, ไ that are written to the left of the preceding consonant are in visual order instead of phonetic order
That evening, Eisenhower's body was placed onto a train en route to Abilene, Kansas, the last time a funeral train has been used as part of funeral proceedings of an American president. His body arrived on April 2, and was interred later that day in a small chapel on the grounds of the Eisenhower Presidential Library. The president's body was buried as a General of the Army. The family used an $80 standard soldier's casket, and dressed Eisenhower's body in his famous short green jacket. His only medals worn were: the Army Distinguished Service Medal with three oak leaf clusters, the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, and the Legion of Merit. Eisenhower is buried alongside his son Doud, who died at age 3 in 1921. His wife Mamie was buried next to him after her death in 1979.

question: When did Eisenhower's funeral train arrive in Abilene, Kansas?, answer: April 2 | question: What was the cost of Eisenhower's casket?, answer: $80 | question: At what location was Eisenhower buried?, answer: Eisenhower Presidential Library | question: What color jacket was Eisenhower buried in?, answer: green | question: When did Mamie Eisenhower die?, answer: 1979
That said, the score does not provide complete and exact instructions on how to perform a historical work. Even if the tempo is written with an Italian instruction (e.g., Allegro), we do not know exactly how fast the piece should be played. As well, in the Baroque era, many works that were designed for basso continuo accompaniment do not specify which instruments should play the accompaniment or exactly how the chordal instrument (harpsichord, lute, etc.) should play the chords, which are not notated in the part (only a figured bass symbol beneath the bass part is used to guide the chord-playing performer). The performer and/or the conductor have a range of options for musical expression and interpretation of a scored piece, including the phrasing of melodies, the time taken during fermatas (held notes) or pauses, and the use (or choice not to use) of effects such as vibrato or glissando (these effects are possible on various stringed, brass and woodwind instruments and with the human voice).

question: The score does not provide complete and exact instruction on how to do what?, answer: perform a historical work | question: In what era were many works designed for basso continuo accompaniment?, answer: the Baroque era | question: Vibrato and glissando are possible on stringed, brass, woodwind and what other style instrument?, answer: the human voice | question: What are fermatas?, answer: held notes
That year, Queen began The Works Tour, the first tour to feature keyboardist Spike Edney as an extra live musician. The tour featured nine sold-out dates in October in Bophuthatswana, South Africa, at the arena in Sun City. Upon returning to England, they were the subject of outrage, having played in South Africa during the height of apartheid and in violation of worldwide divestment efforts and a United Nations cultural boycott. The band responded to the critics by stating that they were playing music for fans in South Africa, and they also stressed that the concerts were played before integrated audiences. Queen donated to a school for the deaf and blind as a philanthropic gesture but were fined by the British Musicians' Union and placed on the United Nations' blacklisted artists.

question: Which Queen tour was the first to feature Spike Edney?, answer: Spike Edney | question: Queen's Spike Edney plays what instrument?, answer: keyboardist | question: Who fined Queen for donating to a school for the deaf and blind?, answer: British Musicians' Union | question: Where did Queen play during the height of Apartheid?, answer: South Africa
The "Bleacher Bums" is a name given to fans, many of whom spend much of the day heckling, who sit in the bleacher section at Wrigley Field. Initially, the group was called "bums" because it referred to a group of fans who were at most games, and since those games were all day games, it was assumed they did not work. Many of those fans were, and are still, students at Chicago area colleges, such as DePaul University, Loyola, Northwestern University, and Illinois-Chicago. A Broadway play, starring Joe Mantegna, Dennis Farina, Dennis Franz, and James Belushi ran for years and was based on a group of Cub fans who frequented the club's games. The group was started in 1967 by dedicated fans Ron Grousl, Tom Nall and "mad bugler" Mike Murphy, who was a sports radio host during mid days on Chicago-based WSCR AM 670 "The Score". Murphy alleges that Grousl started the Wrigley tradition of throwing back opposing teams' home run balls. The current group is headed by Derek Schaul (Derek the Five Dollar Kid). Prior to the 2006 season, they were updated, with new shops and private bar (The Batter's Eye) being added, and Bud Light bought naming rights to the bleacher section, dubbing them the Bud Light Bleachers. Bleachers at Wrigley are general admission, except during the playoffs. The bleachers have been referred to as the "World's Largest Beer Garden." A popular T-shirt (sold inside the park and licensed by the club) which says "Wrigley Bleachers" on the front and the phrase "Shut Up and Drink Your Beer" on the reverse fuels this stereotype.

question: What nickname has been given to the fans who sit in the bleacher section at Wrigley Field?, answer: Bleacher Bums | question: Who heads the current group?, answer: Derek Schaul | question: What did Bud Light dub the bleacher section?, answer: the Bud Light Bleachers
The "Core-to-Shore" project was created to relocate I-40 one mile (1.6 km) south and replace it with a boulevard to create a landscaped entrance to the city. This also allows the central portion of the city to expand south and connect with the shore of the Oklahoma River. Several elements of "Core to Shore" were included in the MAPS 3 proposal approved by voters in late 2009.

question: What was the name of the project to change the location of I-40 and make a new entrance to the city?, answer: The "Core-to-Shore" project | question: What year was the Core to Shore project voted for to be part of the MAPS program?, answer: 2009
The "General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples" grants all indigenous languages spoken in Mexico, regardless of the number of speakers, the same validity as Spanish in all territories in which they are spoken, and indigenous peoples are entitled to request some public services and documents in their native languages. Along with Spanish, the law has granted them — more than 60 languages — the status of "national languages". The law includes all indigenous languages of the Americas regardless of origin; that is, it includes the indigenous languages of ethnic groups non-native to the territory. As such the National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples recognizes the language of the Kickapoo, who immigrated from the United States, and recognizes the languages of the Guatemalan indigenous refugees. The Mexican government has promoted and established bilingual primary and secondary education in some indigenous rural communities. Nonetheless, of the indigenous peoples in Mexico, only about 67% of them (or 5.4% of the country's population) speak an indigenous language and about a sixth do not speak Spanish (1.2% of the country's population).

question: What grants all indigenous languages spoken in Mexico validity?, answer: General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples | question: What are indigenous peoples entitled to request?, answer: some public services and documents in their native languages | question: What has the Mexican government promoted in some indigenous rural communities?, answer: bilingual primary and secondary education | question: How many languages have been giving the status of "national languages"?, answer: more than 60 | question: How many of the indigenous peoples in Mexico speak an indigenous language?, answer: about 67% of them
The "Jeltoqsan" (Kazakh for "December") of 1986 were riots in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, sparked by Gorbachev's dismissal of Dinmukhamed Konayev, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan and an ethnic Kazakh, who was replaced with Gennady Kolbin, an outsider from the Russian SFSR. Demonstrations started in the morning of December 17, 1986, with 200 to 300 students in front of the Central Committee building on Brezhnev Square protesting Konayev's dismissal and replacement by a Russian. Protesters swelled to 1,000 to 5,000 as other students joined the crowd. The CPK Central Committee ordered troops from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, druzhiniki (volunteers), cadets, policemen, and the KGB to cordon the square and videotape the participants. The situation escalated around 5 p.m., as troops were ordered to disperse the protesters. Clashes between the security forces and the demonstrators continued throughout the night in Almaty.

question: What is the English translation of the word Jeltoqsan?, answer: December | question: Who was fired by Gorbachev causing riots?, answer: Dinmukhamed Konayev | question: What position did Konayev hold in Kazakhstan prior to his removal?, answer: First Secretary of the Communist Party | question: Who took the place of Konayev?, answer: Gennady Kolbin | question: When were the first demonstrations in Kazakhstan to protest the removal and replacement of Konayev?, answer: December 17, 1986
The "Lophotrochozoa" hypothesis is also supported by the fact that many phyla within this group, including annelids, molluscs, nemerteans and flatworms, follow a similar pattern in the fertilized egg's development. When their cells divide after the 4-cell stage, descendants of these 4 cells form a spiral pattern. In these phyla the "fates" of the embryo's cells, in other words the roles their descendants will play in the adult animal, are the same and can be predicted from a very early stage. Hence this development pattern is often described as "spiral determinate cleavage".

question: Which Lophotrochozoa phyla have similar egg development?, answer: annelids, molluscs, nemerteans and flatworms | question: How do the cells of Lophotrochozoa eggs arrange themselves?, answer: after the 4-cell stage, descendants of these 4 cells form a spiral pattern | question: What is the Lophotrochozoa spiral egg-cell pattern sometimes called?, answer: spiral determinate cleavage
The "Neo-Eriksonian" identity status paradigm emerged in later years[when?], driven largely by the work of James Marcia. This paradigm focuses upon the twin concepts of exploration and commitment. The central idea is that any individual's sense of identity is determined in large part by the explorations and commitments that he or she makes regarding certain personal and social traits. It follows that the core of the research in this paradigm investigates the degrees to which a person has made certain explorations, and the degree to which he or she displays a commitment to those explorations.

question: What identity status paradigm emerged due to the work of James Marcia?, answer: Neo-Eriksonian | question: The Neo-Eriksonian identity status paradigm focuses on what twin concepts?, answer: exploration and commitment | question: In the Neo-Eriksonian identity status paradigm, exploration and commitments determine what in large part?, answer: any individual's sense of identity
The "No Surprises" rule is meant to protect the landowner if "unforeseen circumstances" occur which make the landowner's efforts to prevent or mitigate harm to the species fall short. The "No Surprises" policy may be the most controversial of the recent reforms of the law, because once an Incidental Take Permit is granted, the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) loses much ability to further protect a species if the mitigation measures by the landowner prove insufficient. The landowner or permittee would not be required to set aside additional land or pay more in conservation money. The federal government would have to pay for additional protection measures.

question: What is the name of the rule that protects the landowner if their conservation efforts fall short?, answer: The "No Surprises" rule | question: Why is this particular rule so controversial?, answer: the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) loses much ability to further protect a species if the mitigation measures by the landowner prove insufficient. | question: If the landowner fails to adequately protect the species, what penalties do they face with the "No Surprises" rule?, answer: The landowner or permittee would not be required to set aside additional land or pay more in conservation money | question: Who covers the cost of additional efforts if the ITP holder's efforts fall short?, answer: The federal government would have to pay for additional protection measures
The "Radical Enlightenment" promoted the concept of separating church and state, an idea that often credited to English philosopher John Locke (1632–1704). According to his principle of the social contract, Locke said that the government lacked authority in the realm of individual conscience, as this was something rational people could not cede to the government for it or others to control. For Locke, this created a natural right in the liberty of conscience, which he said must therefore remain protected from any government authority.

question: Who is credited with the concept of separating church and state?, answer: John Locke | question: Which term describes John Locke's movement to seperate church and state?, answer: The "Radical Enlightenment" | question: In what year was John Locke born?, answer: 1632 | question: In what realm did John Locke feel the government lacked authority?, answer: the realm of individual conscience
The "Rheinische" Carnival is held in the west of Germany, mainly in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia or Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rhineland Palatinate or Rheinland-Pfalz, but also in Hessen [including Oberhessen], Bavaria and other states. Some cities are more famous for celebrations such as parades and costume balls. Köln or Cologne Carnival, as well as Mainz and Düsseldorf are the largest and most famous. Other cities have their own, often less well-known celebrations, parades and parties such as Worms am Rhein, Speyer, Kaiserslautern, Frankfurt, Darmstadt, Mannheim, Ludwigshafen, Stuttgart, Augsburg and München [Munich] Nürnberg. On Carnival Thursday (called "Old Women Day" or "The Women's Day") in commemoration of an 1824 revolt by washer-women, women storm city halls, cut men's ties, and are allowed to kiss any passing man.

question: Which Carnival is held in Germany's west?, answer: The "Rheinische" | question: Cologne Carnival is one of the largest Carnivals and also is the most what?, answer: famous | question: What is colloquially known as Old Women Day?, answer: Nürnberg. On Carnival Thursday | question: Who revolted in 1824?, answer: washer-women | question: What are the women who stormy city halls allowed to do to any passing man?, answer: kiss
The "Safe Harbor" agreement is a voluntary agreement between the private landowner and FWS. The landowner agrees to alter the property to benefit or even attract a listed or proposed species in exchange for assurances that the FWS will permit future "takes" above a pre-determined level. The policy relies on the "enhancement of survival" provision of Section §1539(a)(1)(A). A landowner can have either a "Safe Harbor" agreement or an Incidental Take Permit, or both. The policy was developed by the Clinton Administration in 1999.

question: What two groups are bound by a "Safe Harbor" agreement?, answer: the private landowner and FWS | question: In exchange for altering the property to a more beneficial state, what does the landowner gain from the Safe Harbor agreement?, answer: assurances that the FWS will permit future "takes" above a pre-determined level | question: Which presidential administration developed Safe Harbor policy?, answer: the Clinton Administration | question: Are Safe Harbor agreements and ITPs mutually exclusive?, answer: A landowner can have either a "Safe Harbor" agreement or an Incidental Take Permit, or both.
The "formal" interpretation is more widespread than the "substantive" interpretation. Formalists hold that the law must be prospective, well-known, and have characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty. Other than that, the formal view contains no requirements as to the content of the law. This formal approach allows laws that protect democracy and individual rights, but recognizes the existence of "rule of law" in countries that do not necessarily have such laws protecting democracy or individual rights.

question: Which interpretation of the rule of law is used on a larger scale?, answer: formal | question: According to the formalist approach, what else, besides democracy, can laws protect?, answer: individual rights | question: According to the formalist approach, how much notoriety must a law have?, answer: well-known | question: How many requirements for content are there for the rule of law under the formalist approach?, answer: no requirements | question: Which interpretation of the rule of law is less commonly used?, answer: substantive
The "orange peel" effect on vinyl records is caused by worn molds. Rather than having the proper mirror-like finish, the surface of the record will have a texture that looks like orange peel. This introduces noise into the record, particularly in the lower frequency range. With direct metal mastering (DMM), the master disc is cut on a copper-coated disc, which can also have a minor "orange peel" effect on the disc itself. As this "orange peel" originates in the master rather than being introduced in the pressing stage, there is no ill effect as there is no physical distortion of the groove.

question: What is an effect of using worn molds when casting records?, answer: The "orange peel" effect | question: What is the expected finish of a vinyl record?, answer: mirror-like | question: On what frequencies is an orange peel effect most noticeable?, answer: lower frequency range | question: What is the effect on a copy if a master as an orange peel effect?, answer: there is no ill effect | question: What material is on a direct metal mastering disc?, answer: copper
The "photoelectrons" emitted as a result of the photoelectric effect have a certain kinetic energy, which can be measured. This kinetic energy (for each photoelectron) is independent of the intensity of the light, but depends linearly on the frequency; and if the frequency is too low (corresponding to a photon energy that is less than the work function of the material), no photoelectrons are emitted at all, unless a plurality of photons, whose energetic sum is greater than the energy of the photoelectrons, acts virtually simultaneously (multiphoton effect) Assuming the frequency is high enough to cause the photoelectric effect, a rise in intensity of the light source causes more photoelectrons to be emitted with the same kinetic energy, rather than the same number of photoelectrons to be emitted with higher kinetic energy.

question: What is emitted as a result of the photoelectric effect?, answer: photoelectrons | question: What does the kinetic energy of a photoelectron depend on?, answer: the frequency | question: What happens if the photoelectron's frequency is too low?, answer: no photoelectrons are emitted at all | question: What is the term used when photoelectrons act virtually at the same time?, answer: multiphoton effect | question: What type of energy due photoelectrons emitted due to the photoelectric effect have?, answer: kinetic | question: What factor of the initial light source does the energy of the photoelectrons depend on?, answer: frequency | question: When the photon energy is less than the work function of the material the light is shone upon, how many photoelectrons are emitted?, answer: no photoelectrons are emitted at all | question: If the photoelectric effect is occuring, increasing the intensity of the light source causes what?, answer: more photoelectrons to be emitted with the same kinetic energy
The "religious test" clause has been interpreted to cover both elected officials and appointed ones, career civil servants as well as political appointees. Religious beliefs or the lack of them have therefore not been permissible tests or qualifications with regard to federal employees since the ratification of the Constitution. Seven states, however, have language included in their Bill of Rights, Declaration of Rights, or in the body of their constitutions that require state office-holders to have particular religious beliefs, though some of these have been successfully challenged in court. These states are Texas, Massachusetts, Maryland, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Tennessee.

question: What clause are both elected officials and appointed ones covered by?, answer: religious test | question: What type of beliefs are not an allowed job qualification test for federal employees?, answer: Religious | question: How many states violate the religious test clause with language somewhere in their official policies?, answer: Seven | question: What do states violate the clause require state office-holders to possess?, answer: particular religious beliefs
The "snug", sometimes called the smoke room, was typically a small, very private room with access to the bar that had a frosted glass external window, set above head height. A higher price was paid for beer in the snug and nobody could look in and see the drinkers. It was not only the wealthy visitors who would use these rooms. The snug was for patrons who preferred not to be seen in the public bar. Ladies would often enjoy a private drink in the snug in a time when it was frowned upon for women to be in a pub. The local police officer might nip in for a quiet pint, the parish priest for his evening whisky, or lovers for a rendezvous.

question: What is another name for the smoke room?, answer: snug | question: What was the relationship between the price of beer in the smoke room versus the rest of the bar?, answer: higher | question: Along with the local police, what profession is given as an example of someone who might use the snug?, answer: the parish priest | question: What were the windows in the snug made out of?, answer: frosted glass