lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In addition to the six boards, there was a Lifan Yuan unique to the Qing government. This institution was established to supervise the administration of Tibet and the Mongol lands. As the empire expanded, it took over administrative responsibility of all minority ethnic groups living in and around the empire, including early contacts with Russia — then seen as a tribute nation. The office had the status of a full ministry and was headed by officials of equal rank. However, appointees were at first restricted only to candidates of Manchu and Mongol ethnicity, until later open to Han Chinese as well.

question: Who governed the areas of Tibet and Mongolia?, answer: Lifan Yuan | question: Who administered the minority groups?, answer: Lifan Yuan | question: How many boards were there in the Qing government?, answer: six
In addition to the sports he played at Yale, Kerry is described by Sports Illustrated, among others, as an "avid cyclist", primarily riding on a road bike. Prior to his presidential bid, Kerry was known to have participated in several long-distance rides (centuries). Even during his many campaigns, he was reported to have visited bicycle stores in both his home state and elsewhere. His staff requested recumbent stationary bikes for his hotel rooms. He has also been a snowboarder, windsurfer, and sailor.

question: Who said Kerry is an 'avid cyclist'?, answer: Sports Illustrated | question: What type of bicycle does Kerry prefer?, answer: a road bike | question: What are 'centuries' in bicycling?, answer: long-distance rides | question: What bicycles did Kerry use while campaigning?, answer: recumbent stationary bikes for his hotel rooms | question: What other sports does Kerry participate in?, answer: snowboarder, windsurfer, and sailor
In addition to the true folded mountains, known as the ridge and valley province, the area of dissected plateau to the north and west of the mountains is usually grouped with the Appalachians. This includes the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York, the Poconos in Pennsylvania, and the Allegheny Plateau of southwestern New York, western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio and northern West Virginia. This same plateau is known as the Cumberland Plateau in southern West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, western Virginia, eastern Tennessee, and northern Alabama.

question: What area is usually grouped with the Appalachians?, answer: dissected plateau to the north and west of the mountains | question: What mountains does that region include?, answer: Catskill Mountains | question: What is the plateau known as in West Virginia?, answer: Cumberland Plateau
In addition to the use of sound for communication, a wide range of insects have evolved chemical means for communication. These chemicals, termed semiochemicals, are often derived from plant metabolites include those meant to attract, repel and provide other kinds of information. Pheromones, a type of semiochemical, are used for attracting mates of the opposite sex, for aggregating conspecific individuals of both sexes, for deterring other individuals from approaching, to mark a trail, and to trigger aggression in nearby individuals. Allomonea benefit their producer by the effect they have upon the receiver. Kairomones benefit their receiver instead of their producer. Synomones benefit the producer and the receiver. While some chemicals are targeted at individuals of the same species, others are used for communication across species. The use of scents is especially well known to have developed in social insects.:96–105

question: Insects use sound and what other means for communication?, answer: chemical means | question: The chemicals used by insects to communicate are called what?, answer: semiochemicals | question: Semiochemicals come from where?, answer: plant metabolites | question: Insect chemicals are used to attract and what else?, answer: repel | question: What insect chemical benefits both the receiver and the producer?, answer: Synomones
In addition to the use of the multiprotein complexes listed above, Gram-negative bacteria possess another method for release of material: the formation of outer membrane vesicles. Portions of the outer membrane pinch off, forming spherical structures made of a lipid bilayer enclosing periplasmic materials. Vesicles from a number of bacterial species have been found to contain virulence factors, some have immunomodulatory effects, and some can directly adhere to and intoxicate host cells. While release of vesicles has been demonstrated as a general response to stress conditions, the process of loading cargo proteins seems to be selective.

question: What other method does Gram-negative bacters use to release material?, answer: the formation of outer membrane vesicles | question: What happens with the pinch off part of the outer membrane?, answer: , forming spherical structures made of a lipid bilayer enclosing periplasmic materials | question: What does the release of vesicles seem to demenstrate?, answer: response to stress conditions | question: What virulence factors do some bacterial species have?, answer: some have immunomodulatory effects, and some can directly adhere to and intoxicate host cells
In addition to these institutions, Swaziland also has the Swaziland Institute of Management and Public Administration (SIMPA) and Institute of Development Management (IDM). SIMPA is a government owned management and development institute and IDM is a regional organisation in Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland that provides training, consultancy, and research in management. The Mananga management centre was established as Mananga Agricultural Management Centre in 1972 as an International Management Development Centre catering for middle and senior managers, it is located at Ezulwini.

question: In terms of education in Swaziland what does the acronym SIMPA represent?, answer: Swaziland Institute of Management and Public Administration | question: In Swaziland, what is SIMPA?, answer: a government owned management and development institute | question: In which locations is the Institute of Development Management?, answer: Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland | question: What service does the IDM provide?, answer: training, consultancy, and research in management | question: In what year was the Mananga Management Centre founded?, answer: 1972
In addition to these popular examples of house, there has also been a reunification of contemporary house and its roots. Many hip hop and R&B artists also turn to house music to add a mass appeal to the music they produce.

question: There has been a reunification of contemporary house with what?, answer: its roots | question: Why do many hip hop and R&B artists turn to house music?, answer: to add a mass appeal to the music they produce | question: What genre of artists has recently turned to house music to add mass appeal?, answer: hip hop and R&B
In addition to those contemporary great powers mentioned above, Zbigniew Brzezinski and Malik Mohan consider India to be a great power too. Although unlike the contemporary great powers who have long been considered so, India's recognition among authorities as a great power is comparatively recent. However, there is no collective agreement among observers as to the status of India, for example, a number of academics believe that India is emerging as a great power, while some believe that India remains a middle power.

question: Zbigniew Brzezinski and Malik Mohan consider what country to be a great power too?, answer: India | question: Is there agreement on the status of all powers?, answer: no collective agreement | question: Many academics debate the status of this country as a power?, answer: India
In addition to tributary relations with the Kushans, the Han Empire received gifts from the Parthian Empire, from a king in modern Burma, from a ruler in Japan, and initiated an unsuccessful mission to Daqin (Rome) in AD 97 with Gan Ying as emissary. A Roman embassy of Emperor Marcus Aurelius (r. 161–180 AD) is recorded in the Hou Hanshu to have reached the court of Emperor Huan of Han (r. AD 146–168) in AD 166, yet Rafe de Crespigny asserts that this was most likely a group of Roman merchants. Other travelers to Eastern-Han China included Buddhist monks who translated works into Chinese, such as An Shigao of Parthia, and Lokaksema from Kushan-era Gandhara, India.

question: Who translated written works into Chinese?, answer: Buddhist monks | question: Which member of the Han Empire was sent to Daqin in AD 97?, answer: Gan Ying | question: When did Emperor Huan's reign begin?, answer: AD 146 | question: Who reached the court of Emperor Huan in AD 166?, answer: A Roman embassy | question: Which empire sent the Han gifts?, answer: Parthian
In addition, Federal Records Centers exist in each region that house materials owned by Federal agencies. Federal Records Centers are not open for public research. For example, the FRC in Lenexa, Kansas holds items from the treatment of John F. Kennedy after his fatal shooting in 1963.

question: Where are some of the items relevant to JFKs medical treatments housed?, answer: Federal Records Centers | question: Federal Records Centers are particularly unhelpful to what type of research?, answer: public | question: Which Federal Records Center houses materials relevant to JFKs assassination?, answer: FRC in Lenexa, Kansas | question: When was JFK shot?, answer: 1963
In addition, Hegel does believe we can know the structure of God's mind, or ultimate reality. Hegel agrees with Kierkegaard that both reality and humans are incomplete, inasmuch as we are in time, and reality develops through time. But the relation between time and eternity is outside time and this is the "logical structure" that Hegel thinks we can know. Kierkegaard disputes this assertion, because it eliminates the clear distinction between ontology and epistemology. Existence and thought are not identical and one cannot possibly think existence. Thought is always a form of abstraction, and thus not only is pure existence impossible to think, but all forms in existence are unthinkable; thought depends on language, which merely abstracts from experience, thus separating us from lived experience and the living essence of all beings. In addition, because we are finite beings, we cannot possibly know or understand anything that is universal or infinite such as God, so we cannot know God exists, since that which transcends time simultaneously transcends human understanding.

question: What sort of reality did Hegel perceive God's mind to be?, answer: ultimate | question: Along with Hegel, who also argued for human incompleteness?, answer: Kierkegaard | question: According to Hegel, what form does thought necessarily take?, answer: abstraction | question: Why does Hegel believe we cannot know God?, answer: we are finite beings | question: If something transcends time, what does it, according to Hegel, also transcend?, answer: human understanding
In addition, LaserDisc videos sometimes exhibit a problem known as "crosstalk". The issue can arise when the laser optical pickup assembly within the player is out of alignment or because the disc is damaged or excessively warped, but it could also occur even with a properly functioning player and a factory-new disc, depending on electrical and mechanical alignment problems. In these instances, the issue arose due to the fact that CLV discs require subtle changes in rotating speed at various points during playback. During a change in speed, the optical pickup inside the player might read video information from a track adjacent to the intended one, causing data from the two tracks to "cross"; the extra video information picked up from that second track shows up as distortion in the picture which looks reminiscent of swirling "barber poles" or rolling lines of static.

question: When does "crosstalk" occur?, answer: when the laser optical pickup assembly within the player is out of alignment or because the disc is damaged or excessively warped | question: What problem can be caused by a player becoming out of alignment?, answer: "crosstalk" | question: How does "crosstalk" appear to the viewer?, answer: swirling "barber poles" or rolling lines of static
In addition, intermediaries are now also generally understood to include Internet portals, software and games providers, those providing virtual information such as interactive forums and comment facilities with or without a moderation system, aggregators of various kinds, such as news aggregators, universities, libraries and archives, web search engines, chat rooms, web blogs, mailing lists, and any website which provides access to third party content through, for example, hyperlinks, a crucial element of the World Wide Web.

question: What includes Internet portals, software and games?, answer: intermediaries | question: What examples provide virtual information?, answer: interactive forums and comment facilities | question: News, universities and libraries and archives are examples of what?, answer: aggregators | question: What is an important element of the World Wide Web?, answer: hyperlinks
In addition, like most Slavic languages, the Shtokavian verb also has one of two aspects: perfective or imperfective. Most verbs come in pairs, with the perfective verb being created out of the imperfective by adding a prefix or making a stem change. The imperfective aspect typically indicates that the action is unfinished, in progress, or repetitive; while the perfective aspect typically denotes that the action was completed, instantaneous, or of limited duration. Some Štokavian tenses (namely, aorist and imperfect) favor a particular aspect (but they are rarer or absent in Čakavian and Kajkavian). Actually, aspects "compensate" for the relative lack of tenses, because aspect of the verb determines whether the act is completed or in progress in the referred time.

question: Which tense indicates that an action hasn't finished?, answer: imperfective | question: Which two states do Shtokavian verbs have?, answer: perfective or imperfective | question: When is the perspective aspect of a verb used?, answer: action was completed, instantaneous, or of limited duration
In addition, most Grand Lodges require the candidate to declare a belief in a Supreme Being. In a few cases, the candidate may be required to be of a specific religion. The form of Freemasonry most common in Scandinavia (known as the Swedish Rite), for example, accepts only Christians. At the other end of the spectrum, "Liberal" or Continental Freemasonry, exemplified by the Grand Orient de France, does not require a declaration of belief in any deity, and accepts atheists (a cause of discord with the rest of Freemasonry).

question: What belief is required of a candidate by the Grand Lodge?, answer: belief in a Supreme Being | question: Are candadites required to express belief in a specific religion?, answer: few cases | question: Which branch of Freemasonry does not require a belief in a supreme being?, answer: Continental Freemasonry | question: Which branch of Freemasonry accepts atheists?, answer: "Liberal" or Continental | question: Which branch of Freemasonry only accepts Christians?, answer: Swedish Rite | question: Most Grand Lodges require a candidate to declare a belief in what?, answer: a Supreme Being | question: Freemasons most common in Scandinavia only accept who as members?, answer: Christians | question: What Freemason group accept atheists?, answer: the Grand Orient de France | question: The Grand Orient de France is considered what type of Freemasonry?, answer: Liberal" or Continental Freemasonry
In addition, recording and reproducing an HDTV signal was a significant technical challenge in the early years of HDTV (Sony HDVS). Japan remained the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV, with seven broadcasters sharing a single channel.

question: How many broadcasters did Japan have sharing a single channel?, answer: seven | question: Which country had successful public analog HDTV broadcasting?, answer: Japan | question: What was particularly challenging in the early years of HDTV?, answer: recording and reproducing an HDTV signal | question: What accomplishment in early HDTV did Japan have?, answer: the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV
In addition, the Paris region is served by a light rail network of nine lines, the tramway: Line T1 runs from Asnières-Gennevilliers to Noisy-le-Sec, line T2 runs from Pont de Bezons to Porte de Versailles, line T3a runs from Pont du Garigliano to Porte de Vincennes, line T3b runs from Porte de Vincennes to Porte de la Chapelle, line T5 runs from Saint-Denis to Garges-Sarcelles, line T6 runs from Châtillon to Velizy, line T7 runs from Villejuif to Athis-Mons, line T8 runs from Saint-Denis to Épinay-sur-Seine and Villetaneuse, all of which are operated by the Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens, and line T4 runs from Bondy RER to Aulnay-sous-Bois, which is operated by the state rail carrier SNCF. Five new light rail lines are currently in various stages of development.

question: Where does line T1 run from?, answer: Asnières-Gennevilliers to Noisy-le-Sec | question: Where does line T2 run?, answer: Pont de Bezons to Porte de Versailles | question: How many lines are in the rail network?, answer: nine | question: where does T5 run?, answer: Saint-Denis to Garges-Sarcelles | question: Who operates these lines?, answer: Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens
In addition, the Prussian military education system was superior to the French model; Prussian staff officers were trained to exhibit initiative and independent thinking. Indeed, this was Moltke's expectation. The French, meanwhile, suffered from an education and promotion system that stifled intellectual development. According to the military historian Dallas Irvine, the system "was almost completely effective in excluding the army's brain power from the staff and high command. To the resulting lack of intelligence at the top can be ascribed all the inexcusable defects of French military policy."

question: What Prussian system was superior to the French example?, answer: military education | question: Prussian military officers were trained to exude what type thinking?, answer: independent thinking | question: What commander of the General Staff held the expectaion of independent thinking in his officers?, answer: Moltke | question: What did the French dearth of an education and promotion system stifle?, answer: intellectual development | question: Which military historian criticized the French system as being defective?, answer: Dallas Irvine
In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.

question: Along with the Horn of Africa, what is a notable location where Somali Islamic figures have been influential?, answer: the Arabian Peninsula
In addition, the city has about 160 museums—the world's greatest single metropolitan concentration —over 100 art galleries, and some 30 concert halls, all of which maintain a constant cultural activity during the whole year. It has either the third or fourth-highest number of theatres in the world after New York, London and perhaps Toronto. Many areas (e.g. Palacio Nacional and the National Institute of Cardiology) have murals painted by Diego Rivera. He and his wife Frida Kahlo lived in Coyoacán, where several of their homes, studios, and art collections are open to the public. The house where Leon Trotsky was initially granted asylum and finally murdered in 1940 is also in Coyoacán.

question: How many museums are in Mexico City?, answer: about 160 | question: How many art galleries are in Mexico City?, answer: over 100 | question: How many concert halls are in Mexico City?, answer: 30 | question: Who has painted murals all over the city?, answer: Diego Rivera | question: Where is the house that Leon Trotsky was murdered?, answer: Coyoacán
In addition, the company provides protection services, advisory services, multivendor hardware support, "how-to" support for software applications, collaborative support with many third-party vendors, and online parts and labor dispatching for customers who diagnose and troubleshoot their hardware. Dell also provides Dell ProSupport customers access to a crisis-center to handle major outages, or problems caused by natural disasters. Dell also provide on-line support by using the computer's service-tag that provides full list of the hardware elements installed originally, purchase date and provides the latest upgrades for the original hardware drivers.

question: What kind of hardware support does Dell provide?, answer: multivendor | question: What kind of customers does Dell provide support to for major outages?, answer: ProSupport | question: What kind of support does Dell provide using a computer's service-tag?, answer: on-line support
In addition, the minority leader has a number of other institutional functions. For instance, the minority leader is sometimes statutorily authorized to appoint individuals to certain federal entities; he or she and the majority leader each name three Members to serve as Private Calendar objectors; he or she is consulted with respect to reconvening the House per the usual formulation of conditional concurrent adjournment resolutions; he or she is a traditional member of the House Office Building Commission; he or she is a member of the United States Capitol Preservation Commission; and he or she may, after consultation with the Speaker, convene an early organizational party caucus or conference. Informally, the minority leader maintains ties with majority party leaders to learn about the schedule and other House matters and forges agreements or understandings with them insofar as feasible.

question: How many private calendar objector members does minority leader appoint?, answer: three | question: What 2 commissions is the minority leader a member of?, answer: House Office Building Commission; he or she is a member of the United States Capitol Preservation Commission | question: Who does minority leader have informal ties with for scheduling house matters?, answer: majority party leaders
In addition, there are a number of dialect characters (方言字) that are not used in formal written Chinese but represent colloquial terms in non-Mandarin varieties of Chinese. One such variety is Written Cantonese, in widespread use in Hong Kong even for certain formal documents, due to the former British colonial administration's recognition of Cantonese for use for official purposes. In Taiwan, there is also an informal body of characters used to represent Hokkien Chinese. Many varieties have specific characters for words exclusive to them. For example, the vernacular character 㓾, pronounced cii11 in Hakka, means "to kill". Furthermore, Shanghainese and Sichuanese also have their own series of written text, but these are not widely used in actual texts, Mandarin being the preference for all mainland regions.

question: What are not used in formal written Chinese?, answer: dialect characters | question: What contains a block of characters used to showcase Hokkien Chinese?, answer: Taiwan | question: What was the preference for all mainland regions?, answer: Mandarin