lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Much of the colonial administration belonged to this club, which had been formed by the Duke of Wellington. Meadows' terminology must represent usage by that administration. If not the first use of the terms, the letter to the Times was certainly one of the earliest presentations of this vocabulary to the general public. They became immediately popular, supplanting "Levant" and "East Indies," which gradually receded to minor usages and then began to change meaning.

question: What was one of the earliest presentations of this vocabulary?, answer: the letter to the Times | question: What was said must represent usage by that administration?, answer: Meadows' terminology | question: Who had formed the club that contained much of the colonial administration?, answer: Duke of Wellington
Much of the country lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the Equator. It lies in the monsoon region of Asia, with its coastal regions receiving over 5,000 mm (196.9 in) of rain annually. Annual rainfall in the delta region is approximately 2,500 mm (98.4 in), while average annual rainfall in the Dry Zone in central Myanmar is less than 1,000 mm (39.4 in). The Northern regions of Myanmar are the coolest, with average temperatures of 21 °C (70 °F). Coastal and delta regions have an average maximum temperature of 32 °C (89.6 °F).

question: Where does the majority of the Burmese country fall on the globe ?, answer: Much of the country lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the Equator | question: How much rain is received in the region where Burma is located ?, answer: 5,000 mm (196.9 in) of rain annually | question: What is the expected rainfall in the zone considered to be dry in Burma ?, answer: 1,000 mm (39.4 in | question: What is the average temperature of the coldest part of Burma and where is it located ?, answer: The Northern regions of Myanmar are the coolest, with average temperatures of 21 °C (70 °F). | question: How warm does it get at the height of summer along the in the delta and coastal regions of Burma?, answer: Coastal and delta regions have an average maximum temperature of 32 °C (89.6 °F).
Much of the cuisine of former Ottoman territories today is descended from a shared Ottoman cuisine, especially Turkish cuisine, and including Greek cuisine, Balkan cuisine, Armenian cuisine, and Middle Eastern cuisine. Many common dishes in the region, descendants of the once-common Ottoman cuisine, include yogurt, döner kebab/gyro/shawarma, cacık/tzatziki, ayran, pita bread, feta cheese, baklava, lahmacun, moussaka, yuvarlak, köfte/keftés/kofta, börek/boureki, rakı/rakia/tsipouro/tsikoudia, meze, dolma, sarma, rice pilaf, Turkish coffee, sujuk, kashk, keşkek, manti, lavash, kanafeh, and more.

question: Turkish cuisine originates from what source?, answer: a shared Ottoman cuisine | question: The cuisine of what territories are descended from Ottoman cuisine?, answer: former Ottoman territories | question: Turkish and Greek cuisine are descended from Ottoman Cuisine, along with the food of what other regions?, answer: Balkan cuisine, Armenian cuisine, and Middle Eastern cuisine | question: Turkish coffee is descended from what?, answer: Ottoman cuisine | question: Pita bread descends from what type of cuisine?, answer: Ottoman cuisine
Much of the current knowledge of memory has come from studying memory disorders, particularly amnesia. Loss of memory is known as amnesia. Amnesia can result from extensive damage to: (a) the regions of the medial temporal lobe, such as the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, subiculum, amygdala, the parahippocampal, entorhinal, and perirhinal cortices or the (b) midline diencephalic region, specifically the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus and the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus. There are many sorts of amnesia, and by studying their different forms, it has become possible to observe apparent defects in individual sub-systems of the brain's memory systems, and thus hypothesize their function in the normally working brain. Other neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease can also affect memory and cognition. Hyperthymesia, or hyperthymesic syndrome, is a disorder that affects an individual's autobiographical memory, essentially meaning that they cannot forget small details that otherwise would not be stored. Korsakoff's syndrome, also known as Korsakoff's psychosis, amnesic-confabulatory syndrome, is an organic brain disease that adversely affects memory by widespread loss or shrinkage of neurons within the prefrontal cortex.

question: What is a term to describe memory loss?, answer: amnesia. | question: What diseases can have a major imact on memory?, answer: Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease | question: What is Korsakoff's syndrome?, answer: an organic brain disease that adversely affects memory by widespread loss or shrinkage of neurons within the prefrontal cortex. | question: Is amnesia only seen in one form?, answer: There are many sorts of amnesia, | question: What happens to a person whose autobiographic memory is damaged?, answer: that they cannot forget small details that otherwise would not be stored
Much of the early colonial art stemmed from the codices (Aztec illustrated books), aiming to recover and preserve some Aztec and other Amerindian iconography and history. From then, artistic expressions in Mexico were mostly religious in theme. The Metropolitan Cathedral still displays works by Juan de Rojas, Juan Correa and an oil painting whose authorship has been attributed to Murillo. Secular works of art of this period include the equestrian sculpture of Charles IV of Spain, locally known as El Caballito ("The little horse"). This piece, in bronze, was the work of Manuel Tolsá and it has been placed at the Plaza Tolsá, in front of the Palacio de Minería (Mining Palace). Directly in front of this building is the beautiful Museo Nacional de Arte (Munal) (the National Museum of Art).

question: What comprised most of the early art of Mexico City?, answer: codices | question: Most of the art since the Aztecs took what style?, answer: religious | question: Whose art is displayed at the large cathedral in Mexico City?, answer: Juan de Rojas | question: "The Little Horse" is also known as what?, answer: equestrian sculpture of Charles IV of Spain | question: Who created "The Little Horse?", answer: Manuel Tolsá
Much of the early paper made from wood pulp contained significant amounts of alum, a variety of aluminium sulfate salts that is significantly acidic. Alum was added to paper to assist in sizing, making it somewhat water resistant so that inks did not "run" or spread uncontrollably. Early papermakers did not realize that the alum they added liberally to cure almost every problem encountered in making their product would eventually be detrimental. The cellulose fibres that make up paper are hydrolyzed by acid, and the presence of alum would eventually degrade the fibres until the paper disintegrated in a process that has come to be known as "slow fire". Documents written on rag paper were significantly more stable. The use of non-acidic additives to make paper is becoming more prevalent, and the stability of these papers is less of an issue.

question: What acidic salts were commonly found in the early types of paper produced?, answer: Alum | question: Early papermakers added alum to help in what process?, answer: sizing | question: How was rag paper superior to the early types of paper made using alum?, answer: more stable
Much of the fighting in World War I took place along the Western Front, within a system of opposing manned trenches and fortifications (separated by a "No man's land") running from the North Sea to the border of Switzerland. On the Eastern Front, the vast eastern plains and limited rail network prevented a trench warfare stalemate from developing, although the scale of the conflict was just as large. Hostilities also occurred on and under the sea and—for the first time—from the air. More than 9 million soldiers died on the various battlefields, and nearly that many more in the participating countries' home fronts on account of food shortages and genocide committed under the cover of various civil wars and internal conflicts. Notably, more people died of the worldwide influenza outbreak at the end of the war and shortly after than died in the hostilities. The unsanitary conditions engendered by the war, severe overcrowding in barracks, wartime propaganda interfering with public health warnings, and migration of so many soldiers around the world helped the outbreak become a pandemic.

question: Where did most of the fighting in World War I take place?, answer: along the Western Front | question: What is the Western Front?, answer: a system of opposing manned trenches and fortifications (separated by a "No man's land") running from the North Sea to the border of Switzerland. | question: What prevented a trench warfare stalemate?, answer: On the Eastern Front, the vast eastern plains and limited rail network | question: How many soldiers died? in World War I?, answer: More than 9 million | question: Where did hostiles appear for the first time during the war?, answer: from the air.
Much of the legislative style was adapted from the Roman Law Code of Justinian. As a result, Roman ecclesiastical courts tend to follow the Roman Law style of continental Europe with some variation, featuring collegiate panels of judges and an investigative form of proceeding, called "inquisitorial", from the Latin "inquirere", to enquire. This is in contrast to the adversarial form of proceeding found in the common law system of English and U.S. law, which features such things as juries and single judges.

question: What ancient law served as the precursor to the type of legislation seen in the Roman Catholics?, answer: Roman Law Code of Justinian | question: What word characterizes the type of procedure found in American and British courts?, answer: adversarial | question: What term characterizes the type of procedure used in Roman Church courts?, answer: inquisitorial | question: What is the English meaning of inquirere?, answer: to enquire
Much of the medieval period was a time of power struggles between competing dynasties such as the House of Savoy, the Visconti in northern Italy and the House of Habsburg in Austria and Slovenia. In 1291 to protect themselves from incursions by the Habsburgs, four cantons in the middle of Switzerland drew up a charter that is considered to be a declaration of independence from neighboring kingdoms. After a series of battles fought in the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries, more cantons joined the confederacy and by the 16th century Switzerland was well-established as a separate state.

question: Much of the medieval period was a time of what?, answer: power struggles | question: Where were the Visconti from?, answer: northern Italy | question: What dynastie was from Austria and Slovenia?, answer: the House of Habsburg | question: What Country was a well-established separate state by the 16th century?, answer: Switzerland
Much of the music recorded by singer-songwriters such as Diana Ross, James Taylor, Carly Simon, Carole King and Janis Ian got as much, if not more, airplay on this format than on Top 40 stations. Easy Listening radio also began including songs by artists who had begun in other genres, such as rock and roll or R&B. In addition, several early disco songs, did well on the Adult Contemporary format.

question: Along with rock and roll, what genre of music was sometimes featured on Easy Listening radio?, answer: R&B | question: What genre of music was surprisingly successful on adult contemporary radio?, answer: disco | question: What type of musicians were artists such as Diana Ross, James Taylor, Carly Simon, Carole King and Janis Ian?, answer: singer-songwriters
Much of the study in the madrasah college centred on examining whether certain opinions of law were orthodox. This scholarly process of "determining orthodoxy began with a question which the Muslim layman, called in that capacity mustaftī, presented to a jurisconsult, called mufti, soliciting from him a response, called fatwa, a legal opinion (the religious law of Islam covers civil as well as religious matters). The mufti (professor of legal opinions) took this question, studied it, researched it intensively in the sacred scriptures, in order to find a solution to it. This process of scholarly research was called ijtihād, literally, the exertion of one's efforts to the utmost limit."

question: What determination of the study of law was held to much debate?, answer: whether certain opinions of law were orthodox | question: What type of matters are covered through Islamic law?, answer: civil as well as religious | question: What is the Islamic term for issuing a legal opinion?, answer: fatwa | question: What is ijtihad?, answer: process of scholarly research
Much of the study of the history of science has been devoted to answering questions about what science is, how it functions, and whether it exhibits large-scale patterns and trends. The sociology of science in particular has focused on the ways in which scientists work, looking closely at the ways in which they "produce" and "construct" scientific knowledge. Since the 1960s, a common trend in science studies (the study of the sociology and history of science) has been to emphasize the "human component" of scientific knowledge, and to de-emphasize the view that scientific data are self-evident, value-free, and context-free. The field of Science and Technology Studies, an area that overlaps and often informs historical studies of science, focuses on the social context of science in both contemporary and historical periods.

question: What is the large question that the history of science answers?, answer: what science is | question: What did sociology in science explain?, answer: the ways in which scientists work | question: What was the most popular method in the 1960s regarding science studies?, answer: to emphasize the "human component" of scientific knowledge
Much research has been conducted on the psychological ramifications of body image on adolescents. Modern day teenagers are exposed to more media on a daily basis than any generation before them. Recent studies have indicated that the average teenager watches roughly 1500 hours of television per year. As such, modern day adolescents are exposed to many representations of ideal, societal beauty. The concept of a person being unhappy with their own image or appearance has been defined as "body dissatisfaction". In teenagers, body dissatisfaction is often associated with body mass, low self-esteem, and atypical eating patterns. Scholars continue to debate the effects of media on body dissatisfaction in teens.

question: Are modern day teenagers exposed to more or less media than other generations?, answer: more | question: How many hours of television does the average teenager watch per year?, answer: 1500 | question: Teenagers' views on body mass, loe self-esteem, and atypical eating patterns results in what?, answer: body dissatisfaction | question: How is "body dissatisfaction" defined?, answer: The concept of a person being unhappy with their own image or appearance
Muhammad Ali Pasha evolved the military from one that convened under the tradition of the corvée to a great modernised army. He introduced conscription of the male peasantry in 19th century Egypt, and took a novel approach to create his great army, strengthening it with numbers and in skill. Education and training of the new soldiers was not an option; the new concepts were furthermore enforced by isolation. The men were held in barracks to avoid distraction of their growth as a military unit to be reckoned with. The resentment for the military way of life eventually faded from the men and a new ideology took hold, one of nationalism and pride. It was with the help of this newly reborn martial unit that Muhammad Ali imposed his rule over Egypt.

question: Who modernized Egyptian army?, answer: Muhammad Ali Pasha | question: In what 2 ways was Army improved?, answer: strengthening it with numbers and in skill | question: Why did military use barracks?, answer: to avoid distraction of their growth | question: What traits grew among military men that helped Ali maintain rule?, answer: nationalism and pride
Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei says that according to the popular explanation among the later exegetes, ta'wil indicates the particular meaning a verse is directed towards. The meaning of revelation (tanzil), as opposed to ta'wil, is clear in its accordance to the obvious meaning of the words as they were revealed. But this explanation has become so widespread that, at present, it has become the primary meaning of ta'wil, which originally meant "to return" or "the returning place". In Tabatabaei's view, what has been rightly called ta'wil, or hermeneutic interpretation of the Quran, is not concerned simply with the denotation of words. Rather, it is concerned with certain truths and realities that transcend the comprehension of the common run of men; yet it is from these truths and realities that the principles of doctrine and the practical injunctions of the Quran issue forth. Interpretation is not the meaning of the verse—rather it transpires through that meaning, in a special sort of transpiration. There is a spiritual reality—which is the main objective of ordaining a law, or the basic aim in describing a divine attribute—and then there is an actual significance that a Quranic story refers to.

question: What was the original meaning of ta'wil?, answer: "to return" or "the returning place" | question: What can interpretation find that lies the behind the apparent events referred to in a Quranic story?, answer: a spiritual reality | question: What philosophical term corresponds to the type of interpretation in ta'wil?, answer: hermeneutic
Muhammad also ordered another siege on the Banu Qurayza during the Invasion of Banu Qurayza, because according to Muslim tradition he had been ordered to do so by the angel Gabriel. Al-Waqidi claims Muhammad had a treaty with the tribe which was torn apart. Stillman and Watt deny the authenticity of al-Waqidi. Al-Waqidi has been frequently criticized by Muslim writers, who claim that he is unreliable. 600-900 members of the Banu Qurayza were beheaded after they surrendered (according to Tabari and Ibn Hisham). Another source says all Males and 1 woman beheaded (according to Sunni Hadith). Two Muslims were killed

question: What angel, according to Muslim tradition, ordered Muhammad to order a siege on the Banu Qurayza?, answer: Gabriel | question: Who claims Muhammad had a treaty with the Banu Qurayza that was torn apart?, answer: Al-Waqidi | question: How many members of the Banu Qurayza were beheaded after surrendering to Muhammad and his followers according to Tabari and Ibn Hisham?, answer: 600-900 | question: According to Sunni Hadith which members of the Banu Qurayza were beheaded after surrendering to Muhammad and his followers?, answer: all Males and 1 woman | question: How many Muslims were killed during the invasion of Banu Qurayza?, answer: Two
Multi-color LEDs offer not merely another means to form white light but a new means to form light of different colors. Most perceivable colors can be formed by mixing different amounts of three primary colors. This allows precise dynamic color control. As more effort is devoted to investigating this method, multi-color LEDs should have profound influence on the fundamental method that we use to produce and control light color. However, before this type of LED can play a role on the market, several technical problems must be solved. These include that this type of LED's emission power decays exponentially with rising temperature, resulting in a substantial change in color stability. Such problems inhibit and may preclude industrial use. Thus, many new package designs aimed at solving this problem have been proposed and their results are now being reproduced by researchers and scientists.

question: Multi-color LEDs offer what else besides the formation of white light?, answer: to form light of different colors | question: What problem must be solved before multi-color LEDs can play a role in the market?, answer: power decays exponentially with rising temperature | question: What problem results when rising temperatures decays power?, answer: substantial change in color stability
Multi-layer printed circuit boards have trace layers inside the board. This is achieved by laminating a stack of materials in a press by applying pressure and heat for a period of time. This results in an inseparable one piece product. For example, a four-layer PCB can be fabricated by starting from a two-sided copper-clad laminate, etch the circuitry on both sides, then laminate to the top and bottom pre-preg and copper foil. It is then drilled, plated, and etched again to get traces on top and bottom layers.

question: If you started with a two-sided laminate etched on either side, laminated to the top and bottom, and processed it again to get traces on the outside layers, how many layers would your final PCB have?, answer: four | question: What makes up the inside of a multi-layer PCB?, answer: trace layers | question: Pressure is one thing you need to apply to make a multi-layer PCB; what's the other thing?, answer: heat | question: What tool is used to push the trace layers in a multi-layer PCB together?, answer: press
Multiracial Americans are also a sizable minority in the Bronx. People of multiracial heritage number over 41,800 individuals and represent 3.0% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and African American heritage number over 6,850 members and form 0.5% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and Native American heritage number over 2,450 members and form 0.2% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and Asian heritage number over 880 members and form 0.1% of the population. People of mixed African American and Native American heritage number over 1,220 members and form 0.1% of the population.

question: How many multiracial people live in the Bronx?, answer: over 41,800 | question: What percent of the Bronx has mixed Caucasian and African American heritage?, answer: 0.5% | question: What percent of the Bronx is multiracial?, answer: 3.0% | question: What percent of the Bronx has mixed Caucasian and Asian heritage?, answer: 0.1% | question: What percent of the Bronx has mixed Caucasian and Native American heritage?, answer: 0.2%
Multiracial people who wanted to acknowledge their full heritage won a victory of sorts in 1997, when the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) changed the federal regulation of racial categories to permit multiple responses. This resulted in a change to the 2000 United States Census, which allowed participants to select more than one of the six available categories, which were, in brief: "White," "Black or African American," "Asian," "American Indian or Alaskan Native," "Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander," and "Other." Further details are given in the article: Race (U.S. census). The OMB made its directive mandatory for all government forms by 2003.

question: What office is responsible for the census form changes?, answer: the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) | question: When did the OMB change racial guidelines for the census form?, answer: 1997 | question: What did the OMB vote to allow on the 2000 census?, answer: participants to select more than one of the six available categories | question: When were the OMB racial directive made mandatory for every government form?, answer: 2003