lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Some species use vibrations for communicating within members of the same species, such as to attract mates as in the songs of the shield bug Nezara viridula. Vibrations can also be used to communicate between entirely different species; lycaenid (gossamer-winged butterfly) caterpillars which are myrmecophilous (living in a mutualistic association with ants) communicate with ants in this way. The Madagascar hissing cockroach has the ability to press air through its spiracles to make a hissing noise as a sign of aggression; the Death's-head Hawkmoth makes a squeaking noise by forcing air out of their pharynx when agitated, which may also reduce aggressive worker honey bee behavior when the two are in close proximity.

question: What are used by insects to communicate with members of the same species?, answer: vibrations | question: Vibrations are used to communicate with members of the same species, and what other species?, answer: different species | question: Which insects has a song to attract males from the same species?, answer: Nezara viridula | question: What is a lycaenid caterpillar?, answer: gossamer-winged butterfly | question: Living in association with ants is called what?, answer: myrmecophilous
Some species, including frigatebirds, gulls, and skuas, engage in kleptoparasitism, stealing food items from other birds. Kleptoparasitism is thought to be a supplement to food obtained by hunting, rather than a significant part of any species' diet; a study of great frigatebirds stealing from masked boobies estimated that the frigatebirds stole at most 40% of their food and on average stole only 5%. Other birds are scavengers; some of these, like vultures, are specialised carrion eaters, while others, like gulls, corvids, or other birds of prey, are opportunists.

question: What is the term for stealing food items from other birds?, answer: kleptoparasitism | question: What is kleptoparasitism?, answer: stealing food items from other birds | question: A vulture is what type of bird?, answer: scavengers
Some states distinguish between two levels: felonies and misdemeanors (minor crimes). Generally, most felony convictions result in lengthy prison sentences as well as subsequent probation, large fines, and orders to pay restitution directly to victims; while misdemeanors may lead to a year or less in jail and a substantial fine. To simplify the prosecution of traffic violations and other relatively minor crimes, some states have added a third level, infractions. These may result in fines and sometimes the loss of one's driver's license, but no jail time.

question: What two levels of crime are there?, answer: felonies and misdemeanors | question: What is a misdemeanor?, answer: minor crimes | question: What results in lengthy prison sentences as well as subsequent probation, large fines, and orders to pay restitution directly to victims?, answer: felony convictions | question: What usually happens with misdemeanors?, answer: a year or less in jail and a substantial fine | question: What is a third level of crime that some states have adopted?, answer: infractions
Some stations that broadcast from smaller cities are private affiliates of the CBC, that is, stations which are owned by commercial broadcasters but predominantly incorporate CBC programming within their schedules. Such stations generally follow the CBC schedule, airing a minimum 40 hours per week of network programming. However, they may opt out of some CBC programming in order to air locally produced programs, syndicated series or programs purchased from other broadcasters, such as CTV Two, which do not have a broadcast outlet in the same market. In these cases, the CBC programming being displaced may be broadcast at a different time than the network, or may not be broadcast on the station at all. Most private affiliates generally opt out of CBC's afternoon schedule and Thursday night arts programming. Private affiliates carry the 10 p.m. broadcast of The National as a core part of the CBC schedule, but generally omitted the 11 p.m. repeat (which is no longer broadcast). Most private affiliates produce their own local newscasts for a duration of at least 35 minutes. Some of the private affiliates have begun adding CBC's overnight programming to their schedules since the network began broadcasting 24 hours a day.

question: What are private affiliates?, answer: stations which are owned by commercial broadcasters but predominantly incorporate CBC programming within their schedules | question: Minimally, how many hours are devoted weekly to network programming in CBC's private affiliates?, answer: 40 | question: Which broadcast do affiliates generally carry?, answer: 10 p.m
Some street trams (streetcars) used conduit third-rail current collection. The third rail was below street level. The tram picked up the current through a plough (U.S. "plow") accessed through a narrow slot in the road. In the United States, much (though not all) of the former streetcar system in Washington, D.C. (discontinued in 1962) was operated in this manner to avoid the unsightly wires and poles associated with electric traction. The same was true with Manhattan's former streetcar system. The evidence of this mode of running can still be seen on the track down the slope on the northern access to the abandoned Kingsway Tramway Subway in central London, United Kingdom, where the slot between the running rails is clearly visible, and on P and Q Streets west of Wisconsin Avenue in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington DC, where the abandoned tracks have not been paved over. The slot can easily be confused with the similar looking slot for cable trams/cars (in some cases, the conduit slot was originally a cable slot). The disadvantage of conduit collection included much higher initial installation costs, higher maintenance costs, and problems with leaves and snow getting in the slot. For this reason, in Washington, D.C. cars on some lines converted to overhead wire on leaving the city center, a worker in a "plough pit" disconnecting the plough while another raised the trolley pole (hitherto hooked down to the roof) to the overhead wire. In New York City for the same reasons of cost and operating efficiency outside of Manhattan overhead wire was used. A similar system of changeover from conduit to overhead wire was also used on the London tramways, notably on the southern side; a typical changeover point was at Norwood, where the conduit snaked sideways from between the running rails, to provide a park for detached shoes or ploughs.

question: What is the other name for the street trams?, answer: streetcars | question: Where is third rail situated in the street trams system?, answer: below street level | question: What area in US discontinued using overhead wires for streetcars in 1962?, answer: Washington, D.C. | question: What external and weather factors can effect conduit slot?, answer: leaves and snow | question: What are the main reasons the conduit lines were converted to overhead wire system?, answer: cost and operating efficiency
Some succeeded their fathers as rulers, such as Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur, who ruled Morocco from 1578 to 1608. He was not technically considered as a mixed-race child of a slave; his mother was Fulani and a concubine of his father. Such tolerance for black persons, even when technically "free", was not so common in Morocco. The long association of sub-Saharan peoples as slaves is shown in the term abd (Arabic: عبد‎,) (meaning "slave"); it is still frequently used in the Arabic-speaking world as a term for black people.

question: Who was the ruler in Morocco?, answer: Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur | question: When did Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur rule?, answer: from 1578 to 1608 | question: What ethnicity was his mother?, answer: Fulani | question: What Arabic term is still used for black people?, answer: (Arabic: عبد‎,) (meaning "slave") | question: Who still had the term "slave" used in reference to them?, answer: sub-Saharan peoples
Some systems are capable of multipoint conferencing with no MCU, stand-alone, embedded or otherwise. These use a standards-based H.323 technique known as "decentralized multipoint", where each station in a multipoint call exchanges video and audio directly with the other stations with no central "manager" or other bottleneck. The advantages of this technique are that the video and audio will generally be of higher quality because they don't have to be relayed through a central point. Also, users can make ad-hoc multipoint calls without any concern for the availability or control of an MCU. This added convenience and quality comes at the expense of some increased network bandwidth, because every station must transmit to every other station directly.

question: What do systems with no MCU use in order to perform multipoint conferencing?, answer: a standards-based H.323 technique | question: What is one advantage of using an H.323 technique?, answer: higher quality | question: What is one disadvantage of using the H.323 technique?, answer: increased network bandwidth | question: What is the H.323 technique also known as?, answer: decentralized multipoint | question: Why is the video and audio of the H.323 technique higher quality?, answer: they don't have to be relayed through a central point
Some theories propose that all individuals benefit from a variety of learning modalities, while others suggest that individuals may have preferred learning styles, learning more easily through visual or kinesthetic experiences. A consequence of the latter theory is that effective teaching should present a variety of teaching methods which cover all three learning modalities so that different students have equal opportunities to learn in a way that is effective for them. Guy Claxton has questioned the extent that learning styles such as Visual, Auditory and Kinesthetic(VAK) are helpful, particularly as they can have a tendency to label children and therefore restrict learning. Recent research has argued "there is no adequate evidence base to justify incorporating learning styles assessments into general educational practice."

question: What do some theories believe?, answer: that all individuals benefit from a variety of learning modalities | question: What should be included in effective teaching?, answer: teaching methods which cover all three learning modalities
Some titles have a Biblical basis, for instance the title Queen Mother has been given to Mary since she was the mother of Jesus, who was sometimes referred to as the "King of Kings" due to his lineage of King David. The biblical basis for the term Queen can be seen in the Gospel of Luke 1:32 and the Book of Isaiah 9:6, and Queen Mother from 1 Kings 2:19-20 and Jeremiah 13:18-19. Other titles have arisen from reported miracles, special appeals or occasions for calling on Mary, e.g., Our Lady of Good Counsel, Our Lady of Navigators or Our Lady of Ransom who protects captives.

question: Jesus was known as the "King of Kings" because of his lieage from who?, answer: King David | question: Which name is given to Mary because of her role as a protector of captives?, answer: Our Lady of Ransom | question: Who was the mother of Jesus?, answer: Mary | question: Which New Testament book provides a basis for the term Queen when referring to Mary?, answer: Luke
Some topological spaces may be endowed with a group law. In order for the group law and the topology to interweave well, the group operations must be continuous functions, that is, g • h, and g−1 must not vary wildly if g and h vary only little. Such groups are called topological groups, and they are the group objects in the category of topological spaces. The most basic examples are the reals R under addition, (R ∖ {0}, ·), and similarly with any other topological field such as the complex numbers or p-adic numbers. All of these groups are locally compact, so they have Haar measures and can be studied via harmonic analysis. The former offer an abstract formalism of invariant integrals. Invariance means, in the case of real numbers for example:

question: What group operations must occur for group law and topology to integrate well?, answer: continuous functions | question: What is the most simple example of topological groups?, answer: reals R under addition, (R ∖ {0}, ·), | question: What variables do locally compact groups share that can be studied by harmonic analysis?, answer: Haar measures
Some types of energy are a varying mix of both potential and kinetic energy. An example is mechanical energy which is the sum of (usually macroscopic) kinetic and potential energy in a system. Elastic energy in materials is also dependent upon electrical potential energy (among atoms and molecules), as is chemical energy, which is stored and released from a reservoir of electrical potential energy between electrons, and the molecules or atomic nuclei that attract them.[need quotation to verify].The list is also not necessarily complete. Whenever physical scientists discover that a certain phenomenon appears to violate the law of energy conservation, new forms are typically added that account for the discrepancy.

question: What is dependent upon electrical potential energy?, answer: Elastic energy in materials | question: Where is chemical energy stored and released?, answer: from a reservoir of electrical potential energy between electrons | question: Some types of energy are a varying mix of potential and what other kind of energy?, answer: kinetic
Some types of residential elevators do not use a traditional elevator shaft, machine room, and elevator hoistway. This allows an elevator to be installed where a traditional elevator may not fit, and simplifies installation. The ASME board first approved machine-room-less systems in a revision of the ASME A17.1 in 2007. Machine-room-less elevators have been available commercially since the mid 1990s, however cost and overall size prevented their adoption to the residential elevator market until around 2010.

question: What types of elevators occassionaly do not use a traditional elevator shaft, machine room or hoistway?, answer: residential | question: In what year were Machine-room-less elevators first allowed?, answer: 2007 | question: This decision reflected a revision of what?, answer: the ASME A17.1 | question: What benefits does this serve?, answer: allows an elevator to be installed where a traditional elevator may not fit, and simplifies installation
Some video compression schemes typically operate on square-shaped groups of neighboring pixels, often called macroblocks. These pixel groups or blocks of pixels are compared from one frame to the next, and the video compression codec sends only the differences within those blocks. In areas of video with more motion, the compression must encode more data to keep up with the larger number of pixels that are changing. Commonly during explosions, flames, flocks of animals, and in some panning shots, the high-frequency detail leads to quality decreases or to increases in the variable bitrate.

question: What compression typically operate on square-shaped groups of pixels?, answer: video | question: What only sends the differences within those pixels and blocks?, answer: macroblocks | question: What does high-frequency detail lead to?, answer: variable bitrate
Some viruses store their entire genomes in the form of RNA, and contain no DNA at all. Because they use RNA to store genes, their cellular hosts may synthesize their proteins as soon as they are infected and without the delay in waiting for transcription. On the other hand, RNA retroviruses, such as HIV, require the reverse transcription of their genome from RNA into DNA before their proteins can be synthesized. RNA-mediated epigenetic inheritance has also been observed in plants and very rarely in animals.

question: In what form do some viruses store their entire genome?, answer: in the form of RNA | question: Why do the cellular hosts of some viruses not have to wait for transcription to synthesize their proteins?, answer: Because they use RNA to store genes | question: What is one type of an RNA retrovirus?, answer: HIV | question: What sort of transcription does the genome of HIV require before its proteins can be synthesized?, answer: reverse transcription | question: Besides viruses, where has RNA-mediated epigenetic inheritance been observed?, answer: in plants and very rarely in animals
Some wrestlers may have their own specific "mini me", like Mascarita Sagrada, Alebrije has Quije, etc. There are also cases in which midgets can become valets for a wrestler, and even get physically involved in matches, like Alushe, who often accompanies Tinieblas, or KeMonito, who is portrayed as Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre's mascot and is also a valet for Mistico. Dave Finlay was often aided in his matches by a midget known mainly as Hornswoggle while in WWE, who hid under the ring and gave a shillelagh to Finlay to use on his opponent. Finlay also occasionally threw him at his opponent(s). Hornswoggle has also been given a run with the Cruiserweight Championship and feuded with D-Generation X in 2009.

question: A wrestler may have a small person called what?, answer: mini me | question: What else can a little person do in the match?, answer: become valets | question: Who was Dave Finlay often helped by?, answer: Hornswoggle | question: What else did Finlay do with his little person?, answer: occasionally threw him at his opponent(s | question: What happened to Hornswoggle?, answer: given a run with the Cruiserweight Championship
Some writers claim the Air Staff ignored a critical lesson, however: British morale did not break. Targeting German morale, as Bomber Command would do, was no more successful. Aviation strategists dispute that morale was ever a major consideration for Bomber Command. Throughout 1933–39 none of the 16 Western Air Plans drafted mentioned morale as a target. The first three directives in 1940 did not mention civilian populations or morale in any way. Morale was not mentioned until the ninth wartime directive on 21 September 1940. The 10th directive in October 1940 mentioned morale by name. However, industrial cities were only to be targeted if weather denied strikes on Bomber Command's main concern, oil.

question: What was the critical lesson Air Staff ignored?, answer: Targeting German morale, as Bomber Command would do, was no more successful. | question: Aviation strategists disputed over what?, answer: that morale was ever a major consideration for Bomber Command. | question: What did 16 of the Western Air Plans not mention?, answer: morale as a target. | question: When was morale finally mentioned?, answer: ninth wartime directive on 21 September 1940 | question: When were industrial cities to be targeted?, answer: if weather denied strikes on Bomber Command's main concern, oil.
Somerset has 11,500 listed buildings, 523 scheduled monuments, 192 conservation areas, 41 parks and gardens including those at Barrington Court, Holnicote Estate, Prior Park Landscape Garden and Tintinhull Garden, 36 English Heritage sites and 19 National Trust sites, including Clevedon Court, Fyne Court, Montacute House and Tyntesfield as well as Stembridge Tower Mill, the last remaining thatched windmill in England. Other historic houses in the county which have remained in private ownership or used for other purposes include Halswell House and Marston Bigot. A key contribution of Somerset architecture is its medieval church towers. Jenkins writes, "These structures, with their buttresses, bell-opening tracery and crowns, rank with Nottinghamshire alabaster as England's finest contribution to medieval art."

question: How many listed buildings in Somerset, answer: Somerset has 11,500 listed buildings | question: How many monuments on Somerset, answer: 523 scheduled monuments | question: What is a key type of Architecture in Somerset, answer: its medieval church towers | question: Name some historic private houses in the county, answer: Halswell House and Marston Bigot.
Somerset has a high indigenous British population, with 98.8% registering as white British and 92.4% of these as born in the United Kingdom. Chinese is the largest ethnic group, while the black minority ethnic proportion of the total population is 2.9%. Over 25% of Somerset's population is concentrated in Taunton, Bridgwater and Yeovil. The rest of the county is rural and sparsely populated. Over 9 million tourist nights are spent in Somerset each year, which significantly increases the population at peak times.

question: What percentage of the population is native, answer: Somerset has a high indigenous British population, with 98.8% registering as white British and 92.4% of these as born in the United Kingdom | question: The largest ethnic group in somerset county is, answer: Chinese is the largest ethnic group | question: Tauton Bridgewater and Yeovil has what concentration of the population, answer: Over 25% of Somerset's population is concentrated in Taunton, Bridgwater and Yeovil | question: How many tourist nights are spent in Somerset, answer: Over 9 million tourist nights are spent in Somerset each year
Somerset is a rural county of rolling hills such as the Blackdown Hills, Mendip Hills, Quantock Hills and Exmoor National Park, and large flat expanses of land including the Somerset Levels. There is evidence of human occupation from Paleolithic times, and of subsequent settlement in the Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods. The county played a significant part in the consolidation of power and rise of King Alfred the Great, and later in the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion. The city of Bath is famous for its substantial Georgian architecture and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

question: What type of region is somerset, answer: Somerset is a rural county of rolling hills | question: What are some areas of Somerset county, answer: Blackdown Hills, Mendip Hills, Quantock Hills and Exmoor National Park, and large flat expanses of land including the Somerset Levels | question: How far back was the county populated, answer: There is evidence of human occupation from Paleolithic times, and of subsequent settlement in the Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods | question: What Kings rise did the county play part in, answer: a significant part in the consolidation of power and rise of King Alfred the Great, and later in the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion | question: What is the city of Bath famous for, answer: substantial Georgian architecture and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site