lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The fairs held at the shrines of Sufi saints are called urs. They generally mark the death anniversary of the saint. On these occasions devotees assemble in large numbers and pay homage to the memory of the saint. Soul inspiring music is played and devotees dance in ecstasy. The music on these occasions is essentially folk and appealing. It forms a part of the folk music through mystic messages. The most important urs are: urs of Data Ganj Buksh at Lahore, urs of Hazrat Sultan Bahu at Jhang, urs of Hazrat Shah Jewna at Jhang, urs of Hazrat Mian Mir at Lahore, urs of Baba Farid Ganj Shakar at Pakpattan, urs of Hazrat Bahaudin Zakria at Multan, urs of Sakhi Sarwar Sultan at Dera Ghazi Khan, urs of Shah Hussain at Lahore, urs of Hazrat Bulleh Shah at Kasur, urs of Hazrat Imam Bari (Bari Shah Latif) at Rawalpindi-Islamabad and urs of Shah Inayar Qadri (the murrshad of Bulleh Shah) in Lahore.

question: What are urs?, answer: fairs held at the shrines of Sufi saints | question: When are urs held?, answer: the death anniversary of the saint | question: What genre of music is played at urs?, answer: folk | question: Where is Buksh's shrine?, answer: Lahore | question: Where is Zakria's shrine?, answer: Multan
The family of instruments used, especially in orchestras, grew. A wider array of percussion instruments began to appear. Brass instruments took on larger roles, as the introduction of rotary valves made it possible for them to play a wider range of notes. The size of the orchestra (typically around 40 in the Classical era) grew to be over 100. Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8, for example, has been performed with over 150 instrumentalists and choirs of over 400.

question: To what number did the size of the orchestra grow to?, answer: 100 | question: What size of choirs have performed Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8?, answer: over 400 | question: What size orchestras have performed Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8?, answer: over 150 | question: What allowed Brass instruments to play a wider range of notes?, answer: rotary valves | question: What array of instrument grew wider?, answer: percussion
The farmer, or specifically the small landowner-cultivator, was ranked just below scholars and officials in the social hierarchy. Other agricultural cultivators were of a lower status, such as tenants, wage laborers, and in rare cases slaves. Artisans and craftsmen had a legal and socioeconomic status between that of owner-cultivator farmers and common merchants. State-registered merchants, who were forced by law to wear white-colored clothes and pay high commercial taxes, were considered by the gentry as social parasites with a contemptible status. These were often petty shopkeepers of urban marketplaces; merchants such as industrialists and itinerant traders working between a network of cities could avoid registering as merchants and were often wealthier and more powerful than the vast majority of government officials. Wealthy landowners, such as nobles and officials, often provided lodging for retainers who provided valuable work or duties, sometimes including fighting bandits or riding into battle. Unlike slaves, retainers could come and go from their master's home as they pleased. Medical physicians, pig breeders, and butchers had a fairly high social status, while occultist diviners, runners, and messengers had low status.

question: Who were considered to be below the social rank that scholars held?, answer: The farmer | question: What color of clothing were merchants that had registered with the state forced to wear?, answer: white-colored | question: Who was commonly considered by some to be social parasites?, answer: State-registered merchants | question: Who would retainers in the employ of nobles occasionally have to fight?, answer: bandits | question: How could a merchant prevent having to register as one?, answer: working between a network of cities
The fast-growing I-4 corridor area, which runs through Central Florida and connects the cities of Daytona Beach, Orlando, and Tampa/St. Petersburg, has had a fairly even breakdown of Republican and Democratic voters. The area is often seen as a merging point of the conservative northern portion of the state and the liberal southern portion, making it the biggest swing area in the state. Since the late 20th century, the voting results in this area, containing 40% of Florida voters, has often determined who will win the state of Florida in presidential elections.

question: What is the make up politically of florida's fastest growing area, answer: Daytona Beach, Orlando, and Tampa/St. Petersburg, has had a fairly even breakdown of Republican and Democratic voters | question: The area is viewed as what politically, answer: The area is often seen as a merging point of the conservative northern portion of the state and the liberal southern portion | question: The vote in this area since the late 20th century decides what, answer: the voting results in this area, containing 40% of Florida voters, has often determined who will win the state of Florida in presidential elections
The fate of Willett's 1907 proposal illustrates several political issues involved. The proposal attracted many supporters, including Balfour, Churchill, Lloyd George, MacDonald, Edward VII (who used half-hour DST at Sandringham), the managing director of Harrods, and the manager of the National Bank. However, the opposition was stronger: it included Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, Christie (the Astronomer Royal), George Darwin, Napier Shaw (director of the Meteorological Office), many agricultural organizations, and theatre owners. After many hearings the proposal was narrowly defeated in a Parliament committee vote in 1909. Willett's allies introduced similar bills every year from 1911 through 1914, to no avail. The US was even more skeptical: Andrew Peters introduced a DST bill to the US House of Representatives in May 1909, but it soon died in committee.

question: Which political supporter of Willett's proposal had already used the half-hour version of DST at Sandringham?, answer: Edward VII | question: What was the name of the director of the Meteorological Office who opposed DST?, answer: Napier Shaw | question: What year did Parliament first take a vote and decide against implementing daylight savings?, answer: 1909 | question: Who was responsible for bringing a bill proposing DST to the U.S. House of Representatives?, answer: Andrew Peters
The fauna in the state is just as diverse as the flora and varies greatly due to the large contrast in climates. In the mountain zone of the state the most observed mammals are: Mexican fox squirrel (Sciurus nayaritensis), antelope jackrabbit (Lepus alleni), raccoon (Procyon lotor), hooded skunk (Mephitis macroura), wild boar (Sus scrofa), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), mule deer Odocoileus hemionus, American bison Bison bison, cougar (Puma concolor), eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus, North American porcupine Erethizon dorsatum, bobcat Lynx rufus, Mexican wolf Canis lupus baileyi, and coyote Canis latrans. American black bear Ursus americanus is also found but in very small numbers. The Mexican wolf, once abundant, has been extirpated. The main cause of degradation has been grazing. Although there are many reptilian species in the mountains the most observed species include: Northern Mexican pine snake, Pituophis deppei jani, Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum), rock rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus), black-tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus), and plateau tiger salamander Ambystoma velasci, one of possibly many amphibians to be found in the mountains.

question: Canis latrans is what animal?, answer: coyote | question: Ursus Americanus is what animal that is found in relatively small numbers?, answer: American black bear | question: The main cause of degradation has been what?, answer: grazing | question: What type of snake is most popular in the region with many different species?, answer: rattlesnake
The federal government of the United States has mandated that "in data collection and presentation, federal agencies are required to use a minimum of two ethnicities: 'Hispanic or Latino' and 'Not Hispanic or Latino'." The Census Bureau defines "Hispanic or Latino" as "a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race." For discussion of the meaning and scope of the Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, see the Hispanic and Latino Americans and Racial and ethnic demographics of the United States articles.

question: How many ethnicities or federal agencies required to use in data collection?, answer: a minimum of two | question: How would a person of Cuban origin be listed by the US Census Bureau?, answer: Hispanic or Latino | question: Aside from Hispanic or Latino, what other ethnicity are federal agencies required to use?, answer: Not Hispanic or Latino | question: In which ethnic category would a person of Mexican origin be listed by the US Census Bureau?, answer: Hispanic or Latino | question: In what ethnic category would a person from Puerto Rico to be listed in the United States Census?, answer: Hispanic or Latino
The fiber is most often spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile. The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to prehistoric times; fragments of cotton fabric dated from 5000 BC have been excavated in Mexico and the Indus Valley Civilization in Ancient India (modern-day Pakistan and some parts of India). Although cultivated since antiquity, it was the invention of the cotton gin that lowered the cost of production that led to its widespread use, and it is the most widely used natural fiber cloth in clothing today.

question: What is the most frequent use of cotton?, answer: fabric | question: To what date has cotton been dated?, answer: 5000 BC | question: Where in India has cotton been found from prehistoric times?, answer: Indus Valley | question: In what Central American country has cotton use been found from early times?, answer: Mexico | question: What machinery has lead to the easily made and widespread use of cotton?, answer: cotton gin
The field of neuroscience encompasses all approaches that seek to understand the brain and the rest of the nervous system. Psychology seeks to understand mind and behavior, and neurology is the medical discipline that diagnoses and treats diseases of the nervous system. The brain is also the most important organ studied in psychiatry, the branch of medicine that works to study, prevent, and treat mental disorders. Cognitive science seeks to unify neuroscience and psychology with other fields that concern themselves with the brain, such as computer science (artificial intelligence and similar fields) and philosophy.

question: What field of science studies the brain and the central nervous system?, answer: neuroscience | question: What scientific field tries to understand the mind and behavior?, answer: Psychology | question: What field of science strives to diagnose and treat diseases of the nervous system?, answer: neurology | question: Psychiatry is the branch of science that does what?, answer: study, prevent, and treat mental disorders | question: Cognitive science seeks to join what two branches of science with other fields?, answer: neuroscience and psychology
The fifty American states are separate sovereigns, with their own state constitutions, state governments, and state courts. All states have a legislative branch which enacts state statutes, an executive branch that promulgates state regulations pursuant to statutory authorization, and a judicial branch that applies, interprets, and occasionally overturns both state statutes and regulations, as well as local ordinances. They retain plenary power to make laws covering anything not preempted by the federal Constitution, federal statutes, or international treaties ratified by the federal Senate. Normally, state supreme courts are the final interpreters of state constitutions and state law, unless their interpretation itself presents a federal issue, in which case a decision may be appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court by way of a petition for writ of certiorari. State laws have dramatically diverged in the centuries since independence, to the extent that the United States cannot be regarded as one legal system as to the majority of types of law traditionally under state control, but must be regarded as 50 separate systems of tort law, family law, property law, contract law, criminal law, and so on.

question: What does each state posess?, answer: state constitutions, state governments, and state courts | question: What are the 50 states in the Union known as?, answer: separate sovereigns | question: Which ranch applies, interprets, and occasionally overturns both state statutes and regulations?, answer: judicial branch | question: What branch of government enacts state statutes?, answer: legislative branch | question: Which branch of government promulgates state regulations?, answer: executive branch
The fighter aircraft of the USAF are small, fast, and maneuverable military aircraft primarily used for air-to-air combat. Many of these fighters have secondary ground-attack capabilities, and some are dual-roled as fighter-bombers (e.g., the F-16 Fighting Falcon); the term "fighter" is also sometimes used colloquially for dedicated ground-attack aircraft. Other missions include interception of bombers and other fighters, reconnaissance, and patrol. The F-16 is currently used by the USAF Air Demonstration squadron, the Thunderbirds, while a small number of both man-rated and non-man-rated F-4 Phantom II are retained as QF-4 aircraft for use as Full Scale Aerial Targets (FSAT) or as part of the USAF Heritage Flight program. These extant QF-4 aircraft are being replaced in the FSAT role by early model F-16 aircraft converted to QF-16 configuration. The USAF has 2,025 fighters in service as of September 2012.

question: What is the primary function of the USAF fighter aircraft?, answer: air-to-air combat | question: What is the name of a type of dual purpose fighter-bomber aircraft used by the US Air Force?, answer: F-16 Fighting Falcon | question: What aircraft is used by the US Air Demonstration group The Thunderbirds?, answer: F-16 | question: What kind of aircraft is utilized by the USAF in Full Scale Aerial Targets?, answer: F-4 Phantom II | question: What are the QF-4 aircraft being replaced by the US Air Force?, answer: early model F-16 aircraft converted to QF-16 configuration
The fighting within the town had become extremely intense, becoming a door to door battle of survival. Despite a never-ending attack of Prussian infantry, the soldiers of the 2nd Division kept to their positions. The people of the town of Wissembourg finally surrendered to the Germans. The French troops who did not surrender retreated westward, leaving behind 1,000 dead and wounded and another 1,000 prisoners and all of their remaining ammunition. The final attack by the Prussian troops also cost c. 1,000 casualties. The German cavalry then failed to pursue the French and lost touch with them. The attackers had an initial superiority of numbers, a broad deployment which made envelopment highly likely but the effectiveness of French Chassepot rifle-fire inflicted costly repulses on infantry attacks, until the French infantry had been extensively bombarded by the Prussian artillery.

question: Which town's people surrendered to the Germans?, answer: Wissembourg | question: In which direction did the French troops who did not surrender head?, answer: westward | question: How many dead troops leave behind?, answer: 1,000 dead | question: How many prisoners did the French leave behind?, answer: 1,000 prisoners | question: What weapon once again increased the effectiveness of the infantry attacks?, answer: French Chassepot
The figure of the "tragic octoroon" was a stock character of abolitionist literature: a mixed-race woman raised as if a white woman in her white father's household, until his bankruptcy or death has her reduced to a menial position She may even be unaware of her status before being reduced to victimization. The first character of this type was the heroine of Lydia Maria Child's "The Quadroons" (1842), a short story. This character allowed abolitionists to draw attention to the sexual exploitation in slavery and, unlike portrayals of the suffering of the field hands, did not allow slaveholders to retort that the sufferings of Northern mill hands were no easier. The Northern mill owner would not sell his own children into slavery.

question: What stock character lived with her white father until he left the picture?, answer: "tragic octoroon" | question: Who was the first to use the tragic octoroon?, answer: Lydia Maria Child | question: What story was written by Child in 1842?, answer: "The Quadroons" | question: What does the tragic octoroon point out?, answer: sexual exploitation in slavery | question: Who used the figure of the tragic octoroon?, answer: abolitionists
The film library of Turner Entertainment would serve as the base form of programming for TCM upon the network's launch. Before the creation of Turner Classic Movies, films from Turner's library of movies aired on the Turner Broadcasting System's advertiser-supported cable network TNT – along with colorized versions of black-and-white classics such as The Maltese Falcon. After the library was acquired, MGM/UA signed a deal with Turner to continue distributing the pre-May 1986 MGM and to begin distributing the pre-1950 Warner Bros. film libraries for video release (the rest of the library went to Turner Home Entertainment).

question: On what network did Turner Entertainment's film library air prior to the creation of TCM?, answer: TNT | question: What was a notable film that Turner colorized?, answer: The Maltese Falcon | question: Who did Turner ink a deal with to distribute Warner Bros. films from before 1950?, answer: MGM/UA | question: The MGM/UA-Turner deal concerned MGM films released prior to what date?, answer: May 1986
The final chapter reviews points from earlier chapters, and Darwin concludes by hoping that his theory might produce revolutionary changes in many fields of natural history. Although he avoids the controversial topic of human origins in the rest of the book so as not to prejudice readers against his theory, here he ventures a cautious hint that psychology would be put on a new foundation and that "Light will be thrown on the origin of man". Darwin ends with a passage that became well known and much quoted:

question: What hopes does Darwin have for his theory in the natural history fields?, answer: that his theory might produce revolutionary changes | question: Why did Darwin avoid the topic of the origins of humans in most of his book?, answer: so as not to prejudice readers against his theory | question: What does Darwin allude to hoping in the final chapter of On the Origin of Species about humans?, answer: that psychology would be put on a new foundation and that "Light will be thrown on the origin of man"
The final decades of the 20th century have seen the rise of a new interdisciplinary approach to studying human psychology, known collectively as cognitive science. Cognitive science again considers the mind as a subject for investigation, using the tools of psychology, linguistics, computer science, philosophy, and neurobiology. New methods of visualizing the activity of the brain, such as PET scans and CAT scans, began to exert their influence as well, leading some researchers to investigate the mind by investigating the brain, rather than cognition. These new forms of investigation assume that a wide understanding of the human mind is possible, and that such an understanding may be applied to other research domains, such as artificial intelligence.

question: What is the group that human psychology belongs to?, answer: cognitive science | question: What is investigated in cognitive science?, answer: the mind | question: What inventions advanced the study of cognitive science?, answer: PET scans and CAT scans | question: What new technology could be created as a result of studying cognitive science?, answer: artificial intelligence
The final has been played at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium since it opened, in 2007. The rebuilding process meant that between 2001 and 2006 they were hosted at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff in Wales. Prior to rebuilding, the final was hosted by the original Wembley Stadium since it opened in 1923 (being originally named the Empire Stadium). One exception to this 78 year series of Empire Stadium finals (including five replays) was the 1970 replay between Leeds and Chelsea, held at Old Trafford in Manchester.

question: Where is the final played now?, answer: The final has been played at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium | question: When did this stadium open?, answer: it opened, in 2007. | question: Where was the FA cup held while this stadium was built?, answer: between 2001 and 2006 they were hosted at the Millennium Stadium | question: Where is Millennium Stadium located?, answer: Cardiff in Wales | question: Was it always held in Millennium Stadium?, answer: Prior to rebuilding, the final was hosted by the original Wembley Stadium
The final has never been contested by two teams from outside the top division and there have only been eight winners who weren't in the top flight: Notts County (1894); Tottenham Hotspur (1901); Wolverhampton Wanderers (1908); Barnsley (1912); West Bromwich Albion (1931); Sunderland (1973), Southampton (1976) and West Ham United (1980). With the exception of Tottenham, these clubs were all playing in the second tier (the old Second Division) - Tottenham were playing in the Southern League and were only elected to the Football League in 1908, meaning they are the only non-league winners of the FA Cup. Other than Tottenham's victory, only 24 finalists have come from outside English football's top tier, with a record of 7 wins and 17 runners-up: and none at all from the third tier or lower, Southampton (1902) being the last finalist from outside the top two tiers.

question: Has the final been played by a two clubs outside of the top divisions?, answer: The final has never been contested by two teams from outside the top division | question: Has the final been won by a club outside of the top divisions?, answer: there have only been eight winners who weren't in the top flight | question: Who was the first outside club to win?, answer: Notts County | question: What year did that take place?, answer: 1894 | question: How many second tier have made the finals?, answer: only 24 finalists have come from outside English football's top tier
The final is normally held the Saturday after the Premier League season finishes in May. The only seasons in recent times when this pattern was not followed were 1999–2000, when most rounds were played a few weeks earlier than normal as an experiment, and 2010–11 and 2012–13 when the FA Cup Final was played before the Premier League season had finished, to allow Wembley Stadium to be ready for the UEFA Champions League final, as well as in 2011–12 to allow England time to prepare for that summer's European Championships.

question: When does the final take place?, answer: The final is normally held the Saturday after the Premier League season finishes in May. | question: Was there a time this was not the case?, answer: in recent times when this pattern was not followed were 1999–2000 | question: Why was that?, answer: most rounds were played a few weeks earlier than normal as an experiment | question: Did that ever happen again?, answer: 2010–11 and 2012–13 | question: What happened during those years?, answer: the FA Cup Final was played before the Premier League season had finished, to allow Wembley Stadium to be ready for the UEFA Champions League final