lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Three main parades take place during Carnival. The first is held on the first day, during which the "Carnival King" (either a person in costume or an effigy) rides through the city on his carriage. The second is held on the first Sunday of the festival and the participants are mainly children. The third and largest takes place on the last day of Carnival and involves hundreds of people walking in costume along the town's longest avenue. The latter two parades are open to anyone who wishes to participate.

question: How many parades take place during Carnival?, answer: Three | question: Who rides through the city on a carriage?, answer: the "Carnival King | question: Which of the festivals is comprised of participants who are mainly children?, answer: The second | question: What do people walk along the town's longest avenue in?, answer: costume | question: Who are the last two parades open for participation by?, answer: anyone who wishes to participate
Three milestone releases of Windows 8 leaked to the general public. Milestone 1, Build 7850, was leaked on April 12, 2011. It was the first build where the text of a window was written centered instead of aligned to the left. It was also probably the first appearance of the Metro-style font, and its wallpaper had the text shhh... let's not leak our hard work. However, its detailed build number reveals that the build was created on September 22, 2010. The leaked copy edition was Enterprise edition. The OS still reads as "Windows 7". Milestone 2, Build 7955, was leaked on April 25, 2011. The traditional Blue Screen of Death (BSoD) was replaced by a new Black screen, although this was later scrapped. This build introduced a new ribbon in Windows Explorer. Build 7959, with minor changes but the first 64-bit version, was leaked on May 1, 2011. The "Windows 7" logo was temporarily replaced with text displaying "Microsoft Confidential". On June 17, 2011, build 7989 64-bit edition was leaked. It introduced a new boot screen featuring the same fish as the default Windows 7 Beta wallpaper, which was later scrapped, and the circling dots as featured in the final (although the final version comes with smaller circling dots throbber). It also had the text Welcome below them, although this was also scrapped.

question: What does BSoD stand for?, answer: Blue Screen of Death | question: When was Milestone 1 divulged?, answer: April 12, 2011 | question: What was special about Milestone 1?, answer: It was the first build where the text of a window was written centered | question: When was Milestone 2 divulged?, answer: April 25, 2011 | question: When was Build 7959 divulged?, answer: May 1, 2011
Three of Europe's major languages are official in Switzerland. Swiss culture is characterised by diversity, which is reflected in a wide range of traditional customs. A region may be in some ways strongly culturally connected to the neighbouring country that shares its language, the country itself being rooted in western European culture. The linguistically isolated Romansh culture in Graubünden in eastern Switzerland constitutes an exception, it survives only in the upper valleys of the Rhine and the Inn and strives to maintain its rare linguistic tradition.

question: What culture is linguistically isolated from the rest of Switzerland?, answer: Romansh | question: Where is the Romansh culture located?, answer: in Graubünden in eastern Switzerland | question: How many of Europe's major languages are official in Switzerland?, answer: Three
Three other efforts to improve regulation of international pesticide trade are the United Nations London Guidelines for the Exchange of Information on Chemicals in International Trade and the United Nations Codex Alimentarius Commission.[citation needed] The former seeks to implement procedures for ensuring that prior informed consent exists between countries buying and selling pesticides, while the latter seeks to create uniform standards for maximum levels of pesticide residues among participating countries. Both initiatives operate on a voluntary basis.

question: What country has attempted to better the controls of pesticide exchanges?, answer: London | question: What is one agency who is trying to help make the trade of pesticides safer?, answer: United Nations Codex Alimentarius Commission | question: What is one important thing that should be present when countries are trading with pesticides?, answer: prior informed consent | question: Are these agencies a requirement in the countries where they exist?, answer: initiatives operate on a voluntary basis
Three weeks later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, launched in a ballistic trajectory on Mercury-Redstone 3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. Though he did not achieve orbit like Gagarin, he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft's attitude and retro-rocket firing. After his successful return, Shepard was celebrated as a national hero, honored with parades in Washington, New York and Los Angeles, and received the NASA Distinguished Service Medal from President John F. Kennedy.

question: The first American to travel into space was whom?, answer: Alan Shepard | question: When did Alan Shepard first arrive in space?, answer: May 5, 1961 | question: The spaceship that carried Alan Shepard was named what?, answer: Freedom 7 | question: The first person to have control over driving their spacecraft was whom?, answer: Alan Shepard | question: Which president awarded Alan Shepard the NASA Distinguished Service Medal?, answer: John F. Kennedy
Three years later, PAIGC won a strong parliamentary majority, with 67 of 100 seats, in the parliamentary election held in November 2008. In November 2008, President Vieira's official residence was attacked by members of the armed forces, killing a guard but leaving the president unharmed.

question: When was the parliamentary election held?, answer: November 2008 | question: Who won a strong majority in the election?, answer: PAIGC | question: How many seats did PAIGC win in the election?, answer: 67 | question: Whose residence was attacked by members of the armed forces?, answer: President Vieira's | question: When did the attack on the residence occur?, answer: November 2008
Three years later, as March 1865 ended, the Confederate capitol became indefensible. On March 25, Confederate General John B. Gordon's desperate attack on Fort Stedman east of Petersburg failed. On April 1, General Philip Sheridan, assigned to interdict the Southside Railroad, met brigades commanded by George Pickett at the Five Forks junction, smashing them, taking thousands of prisoners, and encouraging General Grant to order a general advance. When the Union Sixth Corps broke through Confederate lines on Boydton Plank Road south of Petersburg, Confederate casualties exceeded 5000, or about a tenth of Lee's defending army. General Lee then informed Jefferson Davis that he was about to evacuate Richmond.

question: Where was Petersburg located in relation to Ford Stedman?, answer: east | question: 5000 men represented what fraction of General Lee's army?, answer: tenth | question: On what road did the US Army Sixth Corps shatter the Confederate line?, answer: Boydton Plank | question: What general commanded the attack on Fort Stedman?, answer: John B. Gordon | question: In what month of 1865 was Richmond judged to be no longer able to be defended?, answer: March
Three-phase AC railway electrification was used in Italy, Switzerland and the United States in the early twentieth century. Italy was the major user, for lines in the mountainous regions of northern Italy from 1901 until 1976. The first lines were the Burgdorf-Thun line in Switzerland (1899), and the lines of the Ferrovia Alta Valtellina from Colico to Chiavenna and Tirano in Italy, which were electrified in 1901 and 1902. Other lines where the three-phase system were used were the Simplon Tunnel in Switzerland from 1906 to 1930, and the Cascade Tunnel of the Great Northern Railway in the United States from 1909 to 1927.

question: What countries used three-phase AC system in the the beginning of 20th century?, answer: Italy, Switzerland and the United States | question: What country was a bigger user compare to the three of them?, answer: Italy | question: Where did Italy start using the AC system?, answer: in the mountainous regions of northern Italy | question: How long did the AC system last in northern Italy?, answer: 1901 until 1976 | question: How long did three-phase system operate in Cascade Tunnel?, answer: 1909 to 1927
Through 2010, the party improved its vote in the Tasmanian and South Australian state elections and achieved state government in Victoria. In March 2011, the New South Wales Liberal-National Coalition led by Barry O'Farrell won government with the largest election victory in post-war Australian history at the State Election. In Queensland, the Liberal and National parties merged in 2008 to form the new Liberal National Party of Queensland (registered as the Queensland Division of the Liberal Party of Australia). In March 2012, the new party achieved Government in an historic landslide, led by former Brisbane Lord Mayor, Campbell Newman.

question: Which parties merged in Queensland in 2008 to form the new Liberal National Party of Queensland?, answer: the Liberal and National parties | question: In March 2012, which party won by an historic landslide?, answer: the new Liberal National Party of Queensland | question: Who led the new Liberal National Party of Queensland through the election in March 2012?, answer: former Brisbane Lord Mayor, Campbell Newman
Through Victoria's reign, the gradual establishment of a modern constitutional monarchy in Britain continued. Reforms of the voting system increased the power of the House of Commons at the expense of the House of Lords and the monarch. In 1867, Walter Bagehot wrote that the monarch only retained "the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, and the right to warn". As Victoria's monarchy became more symbolic than political, it placed a strong emphasis on morality and family values, in contrast to the sexual, financial and personal scandals that had been associated with previous members of the House of Hanover and which had discredited the monarchy. The concept of the "family monarchy", with which the burgeoning middle classes could identify, was solidified.

question: What kind of monarchy was formed under Queen Victoria?, answer: modern constitutional monarchy | question: Reforms to what system increased the power of the house fo commons?, answer: the voting system | question: As Victorias rule became less polital, what values were emphasized?, answer: morality and family values | question: What type of monarchy was established as time went on in Victorias rule?, answer: family monarchy | question: How did the reforms of Britains voting system affect the House of Commons?, answer: increased the power | question: What was most important as the monarchy under Queen Victoria shifted from political to symbolic?, answer: emphasis on morality and family values | question: What idea was solidified to which the increasing middle classes in Britain could identify with?, answer: family monarchy | question: What was Queen Victoria's reign considered?, answer: modern constitutional monarchy | question: What kind of government was Victoria's reign leaning towards?, answer: modern constitutional monarchy | question: What increased the power in the House of Commons?, answer: Reforms of the voting system | question: Who paid the price for the reforms of the voting system?, answer: House of Lords and the monarch | question: Rather than political, what was Victoria's monarchy seen as?, answer: symbolic | question: What was a monarchy that the more middle clas could get behind and support?, answer: family
Through his actions and speeches, and because he was able to symbolize the popular Arab will, Nasser inspired several nationalist revolutions in the Arab world. He defined the politics of his generation and communicated directly with the public masses of the Arab world, bypassing the various heads of states of those countries—an accomplishment not repeated by other Arab leaders. The extent of Nasser's centrality in the region made it a priority for incoming Arab nationalist heads of state to seek good relations with Egypt, in order to gain popular legitimacy from their own citizens.

question: What did other Arab leaders have to do to gain admiration of their populations?, answer: seek good relations with Egypt | question: What did Nasser cause in the wider Arab world?, answer: several nationalist revolutions | question: What have other Arab leaders been unable to do that Nasser was?, answer: communicated directly with the public masses | question: What did Nasser symbolize?, answer: the popular Arab will
Through its program of need-based financial aid, Yale commits to meet the full demonstrated financial need of all applicants. Most financial aid is in the form of grants and scholarships that do not need to be paid back to the university, and the average need-based aid grant for the Class of 2017 was $46,395. 15% of Yale College students are expected to have no parental contribution, and about 50% receive some form of financial aid. About 16% of the Class of 2013 had some form of student loan debt at graduation, with an average debt of $13,000 among borrowers.

question: What kind of system is Yale's financial aid?, answer: need-based | question: How is most financial aid obtained at Yale?, answer: grants and scholarships | question: What was the average need of financial aid at Yale for the Class of 2017?, answer: $46,395 | question: What percent of students at Yale are thought to have no parental help?, answer: 15% | question: What was the average debt of student loan borrowers from the class of 2013?, answer: $13,000
Through most of Shell's early history, the Shell Oil Company business in the United States was substantially independent with its stock being traded on the NYSE and with little direct involvement from the group's central offices in the running of the American business. However, in 1984, Royal Dutch Shell made a bid to purchase those shares of Shell Oil Company it did not own (around 30%) and despite opposition from some minority shareholders, which led to a court case, Shell completed the buyout for a sum of $5.7 billion.

question: Shell Oil Company's United States business throughout its early history is described as what?, answer: substantially independent | question: On which exchange was Shell Oil Company's U.S. stock historically traded?, answer: the NYSE | question: Shell Oil Company historically had little direct involvement from what entity in the running of its American businesses?, answer: the group's central offices | question: In what year did Royal Dutch Shell make a bid to purchase approximately 30% of Shell Oil Company's shares?, answer: 1984 | question: What did Royal Dutch Shell's bid to purchase Shell Oil Company's shares lead to?, answer: a court case
Through publicly funded emergency relief programs concentrating on agricultural land-improvement projects and road construction, the "Erich Koch Plan" for East Prussia allegedly made the province free of unemployment; on August 16, 1933 Koch reported to Hitler that unemployment had been banished entirely from East Prussia, a feat that gained admiration throughout the Reich. Koch's industrialization plans led him into conflict with R. Walther Darré, who held the office of the Reich Peasant Leader (Reichsbauernführer) and Minister of Agriculture. Darré, a neopaganist rural romantic, wanted to enforce his vision of an agricultural East Prussia. When his "Land" representatives challenged Koch's plans, Koch had them arrested.

question: How were East Prussians able to pay for land improvements and road construction?, answer: publicly funded emergency relief programs | question: What was the name of the initiative to help with the new projects in East Prussia?, answer: Erich Koch Plan | question: What did Koch report to Hitler in 1933?, answer: that unemployment had been banished entirely
Through the 1860s, Victoria relied increasingly on a manservant from Scotland, John Brown. Slanderous rumours of a romantic connection and even a secret marriage appeared in print, and the Queen was referred to as "Mrs. Brown". The story of their relationship was the subject of the 1997 movie Mrs. Brown. A painting by Sir Edwin Henry Landseer depicting the Queen with Brown was exhibited at the Royal Academy, and Victoria published a book, Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands, which featured Brown prominently and in which the Queen praised him highly.

question: What was the name of the manservent that Victoria had in the 1860's?, answer: John Brown | question: Where was John brown, Victorias manservant, from?, answer: Scotland | question: What kind of a connection was rumored to exist between Victoria and John Brown?, answer: a romantic connection | question: What was the nickname given to Queen Victoria when rumors of a relationship with John Brown arose?, answer: Mrs. Brown | question: What was the name of the 1997 movie depicting the relationship between Victoria and John brown?, answer: Mrs. Brown | question: What country was Queen Victoria's manservant with whom she was rumored to have a romantic interest?, answer: Scotland | question: What was the name of the movie that told the story of Queen Victoria's romance with John Brown?, answer: Mrs. Brown | question: What artist painted the Queen and Brown which hung in the Royal Academy?, answer: Sir Edwin Henry Landseer | question: In what memior written by Queen Victoria was John Brown praised?, answer: Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands | question: Which manservent was Victoria's most trusted ally?, answer: John Brown | question: Which movie was made about the scandalous affair that Victoria was believed to have had with John Brown?, answer: Mrs. Brown | question: Which book did Victoria publish that did nothing to take away from the rumors about her and John Brown?, answer: Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands | question: Who did the Queen feature in her book that drew so much criticism?, answer: John Brown
Through the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, various methods to improve the dynamic range of mass-produced records involved highly advanced disc cutting equipment. These techniques, marketed, to name two, as the CBS DisComputer and Teldec Direct Metal Mastering, were used to reduce inner-groove distortion. RCA Victor introduced another system to reduce dynamic range and achieve a groove with less surface noise under the commercial name of Dynagroove. Two main elements were combined: another disk material with less surface noise in the groove and dynamic compression for masking background noise. Sometimes this was called "diaphragming" the source material and not favoured by some music lovers for its unnatural side effects. Both elements were reflected in the brandname of Dynagroove, described elsewhere in more detail. It also used the earlier advanced method of forward-looking control on groove spacing with respect to volume of sound and position on the disk. Lower recorded volume used closer spacing; higher recorded volume used wider spacing, especially with lower frequencies. Also, the higher track density at lower volumes enabled disk recordings to end farther away from the disk center than usual, helping to reduce endtrack distortion even further.

question: What technique were used to reduce inner-groove distortion?, answer: CBS DisComputer and Teldec Direct Metal Mastering | question: Who developed the Dynagroove format?, answer: RCA Victor | question: Why did some music lovers frown upon diaphragming?, answer: unnatural side effects | question: What did closer groove spacing result in?, answer: Lower recorded volume | question: What would be found with higher recorded volumes?, answer: wider spacing
Through the force of sheer numbers, the English-speaking American settlers entering the Southwest established their language, culture, and law as dominant, to the extent it fully displaced Spanish in the public sphere; this is why the United States never developed bilingualism as Canada did. For example, the California constitutional convention of 1849 had eight Californio participants; the resulting state constitution was produced in English and Spanish, and it contained a clause requiring all published laws and regulations to be published in both languages. The constitutional convention of 1872 had no Spanish-speaking participants; the convention's English-speaking participants felt that the state's remaining minority of Spanish-speakers should simply learn English; and the convention ultimately voted 46-39 to revise the earlier clause so that all official proceedings would henceforth be published only in English.

question: Why isn't the southwest Spanish speaking?, answer: Through the force of sheer numbers, the English-speaking American settlers entering the Southwest established their language, culture, and law | question: Is Canada bilingual?, answer: United States never developed bilingualism as Canada did. | question: Was California a bilingual state?, answer: California constitutional convention of 1849 had eight Californio participants; the resulting state constitution was produced in English and Spanish, | question: Why didn't California officially become bilingual?, answer: the convention's English-speaking participants felt that the state's remaining minority of Spanish-speakers should simply learn English | question: Was there a court ruling?, answer: the convention ultimately voted 46-39 to revise the earlier clause so that all official proceedings would henceforth be published only in English.
Through the influence of the Eusebian faction at Constantinople, an Arian bishop, George of Cappadocia, was now appointed to rule the see of Alexandria. Athanasius, after remaining some days in the neighbourhood of the city, finally withdrew into the desert of Upper Egypt, where he remained for a period of six years, living the life of the monks, devoting himself to the composition of a group of writings; "Apology to Constantius", the "Apology for his Flight", the "Letter to the Monks", and the "History of the Arians".

question: Where did Athanasius remain for 6 years while living as a monk?, answer: Upper Egypt | question: What is name of one of the compositions composed by Athanasius while he lived as a monk?, answer: Letter to the Monks | question: Who took over after Athanasius?, answer: George of Cappadocia | question: Who influenced George of Cappadocia to become the new ruler?, answer: the Eusebian faction at Constantinople | question: To where did Saint Athanasius withdraw?, answer: the desert of Upper Egypt | question: Who influenced the appointment of George of Cappadocia?, answer: the Eusebian faction at Constantinople | question: How long did he spend in the desert?, answer: six years | question: What is one thing he wrote during this time?, answer: Apology to Constantius | question: Who was appointed to rule the see of Alexandria?, answer: George of Cappadocia