lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The Washington Post, The New York Times and the Boston Herald have published opinion pieces expressing support for the statehood of Puerto Rico. On November 8, 2012, Washington, D.C. newspaper The Hill published an article saying that Congress will likely ignore the results of the referendum due to the circumstances behind the votes. and U.S. Congressman Luis Gutiérrez U.S. Congresswoman Nydia Velázquez, both of Puerto Rican ancestry, agreed with the The Hill 's statements. Shortly after the results were published Puerto Rico-born U.S. Congressman José Enrique Serrano commented "I was particularly impressed with the outcome of the 'status' referendum in Puerto Rico. A majority of those voting signaled the desire to change the current territorial status. In a second question an even larger majority asked to become a state. This is an earthquake in Puerto Rican politics. It will demand the attention of Congress, and a definitive answer to the Puerto Rican request for change. This is a history-making moment where voters asked to move forward."

question: What newspaper suggested that Congress would ignore Puerto Rico's referendum?, answer: The Hill | question: What newspapers have published opinion pieces expressing support for Puerto Rico's statehood?, answer: The Washington Post, The New York Times and the Boston Herald | question: When was that article published?, answer: November 8, 2012 | question: What Congress members agreed with the Hill's assesment?, answer: U.S. Congressman Luis Gutiérrez U.S. Congresswoman Nydia Velázquez
The Washington University School of Medicine, founded in 1891, is highly regarded as one of the world's leading centers for medical research and training. The School ranks first in the nation in student selectivity. Among its many recent initiatives, The Genome Center at Washington University (directed by Richard K. Wilson) played a leading role in the Human Genome Project, having contributed 25% of the finished sequence. The School pioneered bedside teaching and led in the transformation of empirical knowledge into scientific medicine. The medical school partners with St. Louis Children's Hospital and Barnes-Jewish Hospital (part of BJC HealthCare), where all physicians are members of the school's faculty.

question: When was the Washington University School of Medicine founded?, answer: 1891 | question: Where does the Washington University School of Medicine rank in student selectivity?, answer: first | question: Who is the director of the Genome Center at Washington University?, answer: Richard K. Wilson | question: How much of a contribution did the Genome Center at Washington University make in sequencing the Human Genome Project?, answer: 25% | question: What hospitals partner with the Washington University School of Medicine?, answer: St. Louis Children's Hospital and Barnes-Jewish Hospital
The Watch Tower Society rejects accusations that it is a false prophet, stating that its teachings are not inspired or infallible, and that it has not claimed its predictions were "the words of Jehovah." George D. Chryssides has suggested that with the exception of statements about 1914, 1925 and 1975, the changing views and dates of the Jehovah's Witnesses are largely attributable to changed understandings of biblical chronology than to failed predictions. Chryssides further states, "it is therefore simplistic and naïve to view the Witnesses as a group that continues to set a single end-date that fails and then devise a new one, as many counter-cultists do." However, sociologist Andrew Holden states that since the foundation of the movement around 140 years ago, "Witnesses have maintained that we are living on the precipice of the end of time."

question: What does George D. Chryssides suggest the changing views and dates of the Jehovah's Witnesses can be attributed to changed understandings of?, answer: biblical chronology | question: What accusations does the Watch Tower Society reject?, answer: that it is a false prophet | question: What have Jehovah's Witnesses maintained we are living on the precipice of since their formation?, answer: the end of time | question: How long ago was the foundation of the Jehovah's Witnesses movement?, answer: around 140 years ago | question: What profession does Andrew Holden smugly self-identify as?, answer: sociologist
The Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WSH) program of the Gates Foundation was launched in mid-2005 as a "Learning Initiative," and became a full-fledged program under the Global Development Division in early 2010. The Foundation has since 2005 undertaken a wide range of efforts in the WASH sector involving research, experimentation, reflection, advocacy, and field implementation. In 2009, the Foundation decided to refocus its WASH effort mainly on sustainable sanitation services for the poor, using non-piped sanitation services (i.e. without the use of sewers), and less on water supply. This was because the sanitation sector was generally receiving less attention from other donors and from governments, and because the Foundation believed it had the potential to make a real difference through strategic investments.

question: What was the WSH program launched in 2005, answer: The Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WSH) program of the Gates Foundation was launched in mid-2005 | question: When did the WSH become a full fledeged program, answer: and became a full-fledged program under the Global Development Division in early 2010 | question: What efforts have the WSH taken, answer: since 2005 undertaken a wide range of efforts in the WASH sector involving research, experimentation, reflection, advocacy, and field implementation | question: What did the foundation decide in 2009, answer: In 2009, the Foundation decided to refocus its WASH effort mainly on sustainable sanitation services for the poor, using non-piped sanitation services | question: WHy did the foundation make the switch, answer: This was because the sanitation sector was generally receiving less attention from other donors and from governments
The West Bank was annexed by Jordan in 1950, following the Arab rejection of the UN decision to create two states in Palestine. Only Britain recognized this annexation and Jordan has since ceded its claim to the territory to the PLO. The West Bank was occupied by Israel in 1967 during the Six-Day War. The population are mainly Palestinians, including refugees of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. From their occupation in 1967 until 1993, the Palestinians living in these territories were under Israeli military administration. Since the Israel–PLO letters of recognition, most of the Palestinian population and cities have been under the internal jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority, and only partial Israeli military control, although Israel has on several occasions redeployed its troops and reinstated full military administration during periods of unrest. In response to increasing attacks as part of the Second Intifada, the Israeli government started to construct the Israeli West Bank barrier. When completed, approximately 13% of the Barrier will be constructed on the Green Line or in Israel with 87% inside the West Bank.

question: When was the West Bank annexed by Jordan?, answer: 1950 | question: What was the majority of the population in the West Bank?, answer: Palestinians | question: What percentage of the barrier will be constructed on the Green Line?, answer: 13%
The West Campus is located about one mile (1.6 km) to the west of the Danforth Campus in Clayton, Missouri, and primarily consists of a four-story former department store building housing mostly administrative space. The West Campus building was home to the Clayton branch of the Famous-Barr department store until 1990, when the University acquired the property and adjacent parking and began a series of renovations. Today, the basement level houses the West Campus Library, the University Archives, the Modern Graphic History Library, and conference space. The ground level still remains a retail space. The upper floors house consolidated capital gifts, portions of alumni and development, and information systems offices from across the Danforth and Medical School campuses. There is also a music rehearsal room on the second floor. The West Campus is also home to the Center for the Application of Information Technologies (CAIT), which provides IT training services.

question: Where is the West Campus of Washington University located?, answer: Clayton, Missouri | question: When did the university acquire the property for the West Campus?, answer: 1990 | question: What was previously located at the West Campus of Washington University?, answer: the Clayton branch of the Famous-Barr department store | question: What is located in the basement level of the West Campus?, answer: the West Campus Library, the University Archives, the Modern Graphic History Library, and conference space | question: What department located at the West Campus provides IT services?, answer: Center for the Application of Information Technologies (CAIT)
The West Coast of the continental United States and areas of Alaska (including the Aleutian Islands, the Alaskan Peninsula and southern Alaskan coast) make up part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area of heavy tectonic and volcanic activity that is the source of 90% of the world's earthquakes.[citation needed] The American Northwest sees the highest concentration of active volcanoes in the United States, in Washington, Oregon and northern California along the Cascade Mountains. There are several active volcanoes located in the islands of Hawaii, including Kilauea in ongoing eruption since 1983, but they do not typically adversely affect the inhabitants of the islands. There has not been a major life-threatening eruption on the Hawaiian islands since the 17th century. Volcanic eruptions can occasionally be devastating, such as in the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington.

question: What is the area in the pacific known for heavy volcanic activity?, answer: Pacific Ring of Fire | question: Which Hawaiin volcano has been erupting since 1983?, answer: Kilauea | question: The Pacific Ring of Fire contains what percentage of the earthquakes on Earth?, answer: 90% | question: When was the last time that the Hawaiin islands experienced a life threatening volcanic eruption?, answer: 17th century | question: What year did Mt St. Helens erupt causing devastating damage?, answer: 1980
The Western Chalukya Empire (Kannada:ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ) ruled most of the western Deccan, South India, between the 10th and 12th centuries. Vast areas between the Narmada River in the north and Kaveri River in the south came under Chalukya control. During this period the other major ruling families of the Deccan, the Hoysalas, the Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri, the Kakatiya dynasty and the Southern Kalachuri, were subordinates of the Western Chalukyas and gained their independence only when the power of the Chalukya waned during the later half of the 12th century. The Western Chalukyas developed an architectural style known today as a transitional style, an architectural link between the style of the early Chalukya dynasty and that of the later Hoysala empire. Most of its monuments are in the districts bordering the Tungabhadra River in central Karnataka. Well known examples are the Kasivisvesvara Temple at Lakkundi, the Mallikarjuna Temple at Kuruvatti, the Kallesvara Temple at Bagali and the Mahadeva Temple at Itagi. This was an important period in the development of fine arts in Southern India, especially in literature as the Western Chalukya kings encouraged writers in the native language of Kannada, and Sanskrit like the philosopher and statesman Basava and the great mathematician Bhāskara II.

question: During waht centuries did the Western Chalukya rule?, answer: 10th and 12th | question: What was the architectural style of the Chalukyas?, answer: transitional | question: Where did the Chalukyas build most of their monuments?, answer: central Karnataka | question: What did the Chalukya kings encourage writers to use?, answer: native language | question: Besides the language of Kannada, what other old language was used during the western Chalukya dynasty?, answer: Sanskrit
The Western emperor Gratian refused the office of pontifex maximus, and against the protests of the senate, removed the altar of Victory from the senate house and began the disestablishment of the Vestals. Theodosius I briefly re-united the Empire: in 391 he officially adopted Nicene Christianity as the Imperial religion and ended official support for all other creeds and cults. He not only refused to restore Victory to the senate-house, but extinguished the Sacred fire of the Vestals and vacated their temple: the senatorial protest was expressed in a letter by Quintus Aurelius Symmachus to the Western and Eastern emperors. Ambrose, the influential Bishop of Milan and future saint, wrote urging the rejection of Symmachus's request for tolerance. Yet Theodosius accepted comparison with Hercules and Jupiter as a living divinity in the panegyric of Pacatus, and despite his active dismantling of Rome's traditional cults and priesthoods could commend his heirs to its overwhelmingly Hellenic senate in traditional Hellenic terms.[clarification needed] He was the last emperor of both East and West.

question: What office did Western emperor Gratian decline?, answer: pontifex maximus | question: What group did Gratian seek the abolish?, answer: Vestals | question: Which emperor briefly united the empire again?, answer: Theodosius I | question: Of what was Theodosius the last emperor?, answer: East and West | question: What flame did Theodosius extinguish to remove the Vestals from power?, answer: Sacred fire
The Western powers, largely unsatisfied with the Treaty of Nanjing, gave grudging support to the Qing government during the Taiping and Nian Rebellions. China's income fell sharply during the wars as vast areas of farmland were destroyed, millions of lives were lost, and countless armies were raised and equipped to fight the rebels. In 1854, Britain tried to re-negotiate the Treaty of Nanjing, inserting clauses allowing British commercial access to Chinese rivers and the creation of a permanent British embassy at Beijing.

question: Were the European empires satisfied or unsatisfied by the Treaty of Nanjing?, answer: unsatisfied | question: Who did the Europeans support during the Rebellions?, answer: Qing government | question: When did the British try to redo the Treaty of Nanjing?, answer: 1854
The Westminster Abbey Museum is located in the 11th-century vaulted undercroft beneath the former monks' dormitory in Westminster Abbey. This is one of the oldest areas of the abbey, dating back almost to the foundation of the church by Edward the Confessor in 1065. This space has been used as a museum since 1908.

question: What is located in the vaulted undercroft beneath the monks' dormitory?, answer: The Westminster Abbey Museum | question: The area the museum occupies dates back to when?, answer: 1065 | question: The vaulted undercroft beneath the monks' dormitory has been a museum since when?, answer: 1908
The Westminster Confession is "The principal subordinate standard of the Church of Scotland" but "with due regard to liberty of opinion in points which do not enter into the substance of the Faith" (V). This formulation represents many years of struggle over the extent to which the confession reflects the Word of God and the struggle of conscience of those who came to believe it did not fully do so (e.g. William Robertson Smith). Some Presbyterian Churches, such as the Free Church of Scotland, have no such "conscience clause".

question: To the church of Scotland, what is the sub standard doctrine?, answer: The Westminster Confession | question: Who was one person who did not fully believe the struggle of conscience?, answer: William Robertson Smith | question: The Free Church in Scotland has something in place that only a few churches have implemented, what is it called?, answer: conscience clause
The Weston Cadet (model 852 introduced in 1949), Direct Reading (model 853 introduced 1954) and Master III (models 737 and S141.3 introduced in 1956) were the first in their line of exposure meters to switch and utilize the meanwhile established ASA scale instead. Other models used the original Weston scale up until ca. 1955. The company continued to publish Weston film ratings after 1955, but while their recommended values often differed slightly from the ASA film speeds found on film boxes, these newer Weston values were based on the ASA system and had to be converted for use with older Weston meters by subtracting 1/3 exposure stop as per Weston's recommendation. Vice versa, "old" Weston film speed ratings could be converted into "new" Westons and the ASA scale by adding the same amount, that is, a film rating of 100 Weston (up to 1955) corresponded with 125 ASA (as per ASA PH2.5-1954 and before). This conversion was not necessary on Weston meters manufactured and Weston film ratings published since 1956 due to their inherent use of the ASA system; however the changes of the ASA PH2.5-1960 revision may be taken into account when comparing with newer ASA or ISO values.

question: Which cameras were first of their type to adopt the ASA scale?, answer: The Weston Cadet (model 852 introduced in 1949), Direct Reading (model 853 introduced 1954) and Master III (models 737 and S141.3 introduced in 1956) | question: What were updated Weston values based on?, answer: the ASA system | question: How were Weston values changed to ASA values?, answer: by subtracting 1/3 exposure stop | question: Beginning with which year was the Weston to ASA conversion not necessary?, answer: 1956 | question: Until what year did other models use the original Weston scale?, answer: 1955
The William Allen White School of Journalism and Mass Communications is recognized for its ability to prepare students to work in a variety of media when they graduate. The school offers two tracts of study: News and Information and Strategic Communication. This professional school teaches its students reporting for print, online and broadcast, strategic campaigning for PR and advertising, photojournalism and video reporting and editing. The J-School's students maintain various publications on campus, including The University Daily Kansan, Jayplay magazine, KUJH TV and KJHK radio. In 2008, the Fiske Guide to Colleges praised the KU J-School for its strength. In 2010, the School of Journalism and Mass Communications finished second at the prestigious Hearst Foundation national writing competition.

question: What is the full name of KU's journalism school?, answer: The William Allen White School of Journalism and Mass Communications | question: What are the two different programs offered at KU's Schoold of Journalism?, answer: News and Information and Strategic Communication | question: What three types of media are students taught to work with at KU's School of Journalism?, answer: print, online and broadcast | question: What is the name of a magazine published at KU?, answer: Jayplay magazine | question: Who sponsors a contest for journalistic writing?, answer: Hearst Foundation
The Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869 reintroduced the stricter controls of the previous century. The sale of beers, wines or spirits required a licence for the premises from the local magistrates. Further provisions regulated gaming, drunkenness, prostitution and undesirable conduct on licensed premises, enforceable by prosecution or more effectively by the landlord under threat of forfeiting his licence. Licences were only granted, transferred or renewed at special Licensing Sessions courts, and were limited to respectable individuals. Often these were ex-servicemen or ex-policemen; retiring to run a pub was popular amongst military officers at the end of their service. Licence conditions varied widely, according to local practice. They would specify permitted hours, which might require Sunday closing, or conversely permit all-night opening near a market. Typically they might require opening throughout the permitted hours, and the provision of food or lavatories. Once obtained, licences were jealously protected by the licensees (who were expected to be generally present, not an absentee owner or company), and even "Occasional Licences" to serve drinks at temporary premises such as fêtes would usually be granted only to existing licensees. Objections might be made by the police, rival landlords or anyone else on the grounds of infractions such as serving drunks, disorderly or dirty premises, or ignoring permitted hours.

question: What law mandated a license from the local magistrate to sell beer?, answer: Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869 | question: At what locations were public house licenses granted?, answer: special Licensing Sessions courts | question: Retirees from what two professions often sought licenses for pubs?, answer: ex-servicemen or ex-policemen | question: What were licenses called that allowed spirits to be served at temporary premises?, answer: Occasional Licences
The World Bank collects a range of data on corruption, including survey responses from over 100,000 firms worldwide and a set of indicators of governance and institutional quality. Moreover, one of the six dimensions of governance measured by the Worldwide Governance Indicators is Control of Corruption, which is defined as "the extent to which power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as 'capture' of the state by elites and private interests." While the definition itself is fairly precise, the data aggregated into the Worldwide Governance Indicators is based on any available polling: questions range from "is corruption a serious problem?" to measures of public access to information, and not consistent across countries. Despite these weaknesses, the global coverage of these datasets has led to their widespread adoption, most notably by the Millennium Challenge Corporation.

question: How many firms throughout the world have been surveyed by the World Bank in regards to its corruption study?, answer: over 100,000 | question: How many dimensions of governance are measured by the Worldwide Governance Indicators?, answer: six | question: One of the dimensions is the extent to which power is exercised for personal gain, which is called what?, answer: Control of Corruption | question: Which organization is most notable for adopting the global coverage of these studies?, answer: Millennium Challenge Corporation
The World Bank has sponsored a project to curb air pollution through public transport improvements and the Mexican government has started shutting down polluting factories. They have phased out diesel buses and mandated new emission controls on new cars; since 1993 all new cars must be fitted with a catalytic converter, which reduces the emissions released. Trucks must use only liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Also construction of an underground rail system was begun in 1968 in order to help curb air pollution problems and alleviate traffic congestion. Today it has over 201 km (125 mi) of track and carries over 5 million people every day. Fees are kept low to encourage use of the system and during rush hours the crush is so great, that authorities have reserved a special carriage specifically for women. Due to these initiatives and others, the air quality in Mexico City has begun to improve, with the air becoming cleaner since 1991, when the air quality was declared to be a public health risk for 355 days of the year.[citation needed]

question: What do new cars in Mexico need to have?, answer: catalytic converter | question: When did the underground rail system begin construction?, answer: 1968 | question: How many people ride the Mexico city subway system each day?, answer: 5 million people | question: How many days of the year in 1991 was the air pollution a serious health risk?, answer: 355 | question: What is one way the government helps with the "Crush" of the rush hour riding of the subway system?, answer: reserved a special carriage specifically for women