lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In 2012, the modern use of electronic educational technology (also called e-learning) had grown at 14 times the rate of traditional learning.[clarification needed] Open education is fast growing to become the dominant form of education, for many reasons such as its efficiency and results compared to traditional methods. Cost of education has been an issue throughout history, and a major political issue in most countries today. Online courses often can be more expensive than face-to-face classes. Out of 182 colleges surveyed in 2009 nearly half said tuition for online courses was higher than for campus based ones. Many large university institutions are now starting to offer free or almost free full courses such as Harvard, MIT and Berkeley teaming up to form edX. Other universities offering open education are Stanford, Princeton, Duke, Johns Hopkins, Edinburgh, U. Penn, U. Michigan, U. Virginia, U. Washington, and Caltech. It has been called the biggest change in the way we learn since the printing press. Despite favorable studies on effectiveness, many people may still desire to choose traditional campus education for social and cultural reasons.

question: In what year did e-learning jump 14 times over traditional leaning?, answer: 2012 | question: Which form of education looks to be the dominant form i the coming years?, answer: Open education | question: What has been a constant issue with education for as long as education has been around itself?, answer: Cost of education | question: Which type of schooling can be most expensive?, answer: Online courses
In 2012, the state elected a Republican Governor (Pat McCrory) and Lieutenant Governor (Dan Forest) for the first time in more than two decades, while also giving the Republicans veto-proof majorities in both the State House of Representatives and the State Senate. Several U.S. House of Representatives seats also flipped control, with the Republicans holding nine seats to the Democrats' four. In the 2014 mid-term elections, Republican David Rouzer won the state's Seventh Congressional District seat, increasing the congressional delegation party split to 10-3 in favor of the GOP.

question: Who was elected Governor of North Carolina in 2012?, answer: Pat McCrory | question: What political party does Pat McCrory belong to?, answer: Republican | question: Who ws elected Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina in 2012?, answer: Dan Forest | question: What political party does Dan Forest belong to?, answer: Republican | question: Who won North Carolinas 7th congressional district seat in 2014?, answer: David Rouzer
In 2013 a lot of media coverage was given to unclassified NSA's study in Cryptologic Spectrum that concluded that Tito did not speak the language as a native, and had features of other Slavic languages (Russian and Polish). The hypothesis that "a non-Yugoslav, perhaps a Russian or a Pole" assumed Tito's identity was included. The report also notes Draža Mihailović's impressions of Tito's Russian origins.

question: In what year did the study in Cryptologic Spectrum come out?, answer: 2013 | question: What organization created the Cryptologic Spectrum?, answer: NSA | question: What other Slavic languages did the Cryptologic Spectrum conclude Tito spoke?, answer: Russian and Polish | question: The Cryptologic Spectrum also notes whose impressions of Tito's Russian origins?, answer: Draža Mihailović's
In 2013 and 2014, a Russian/Ukrainian hacking ring known as "Rescator" broke into Target Corporation computers in 2013, stealing roughly 40 million credit cards, and then Home Depot computers in 2014, stealing between 53 and 56 million credit card numbers. Warnings were delivered at both corporations, but ignored; physical security breaches using self checkout machines are believed to have played a large role. "The malware utilized is absolutely unsophisticated and uninteresting," says Jim Walter, director of threat intelligence operations at security technology company McAfee – meaning that the heists could have easily been stopped by existing antivirus software had administrators responded to the warnings. The size of the thefts has resulted in major attention from state and Federal United States authorities and the investigation is ongoing.

question: Who are Rescator?, answer: a Russian/Ukrainian hacking ring | question: What was stolen from Target Corporation computers in 2013?, answer: 40 million credit cards | question: How many credit card numbers were stole from Home Depot in 2014?, answer: between 53 and 56 million | question: What machines were involved in the physical security breaches that played a large role in the incident?, answer: self checkout machines | question: Who is Jim Walter?, answer: director of threat intelligence operations at security technology company McAfee
In 2013 it was found that the Ministry of Defence had overspent on its equipment budget by £6.5bn on orders that could take up to 39 years to fulfil. The Ministry of Defence has been criticised in the past for poor management and financial control, investing in projects that have taken up to 10 and even as much as 15 years to be delivered.

question: By how much did the MoD go over its equipment budget?, answer: £6.5bn | question: When was the overbudget amount discovered?, answer: 2013 | question: What are some of the criticisms that have been directed at the MoD?, answer: poor management and financial control | question: What is a long-range estimate on fulfillment of some of the equipment orders made by the MoD?, answer: up to 39 years | question: Past projects ordered by the MoD have taken what type of time frame to fulfill?, answer: up to 10 and even as much as 15 years
In 2013 the United States Patent & Trademark Office approximated that the worth of intellectual property to the U.S. economy is more than US$5 trillion and creates employment for an estimated 18 million American people. The value of intellectual property is considered similarly high in other developed nations, such as those in the European Union. In the UK, IP has become a recognised asset class for use in pension-led funding and other types of business finance. However, in 2013, the UK Intellectual Property Office stated: "There are millions of intangible business assets whose value is either not being leveraged at all, or only being leveraged inadvertently".

question: How much was the worth of intellectual property to the U.S. economy in 2013?, answer: more than US$5 trillion | question: How many Americans did intellectual property create employment for in 2013?, answer: 18 million | question: Where has IP become a recognised asset class?, answer: the UK | question: How many intangible assets are not being leveraged in the UK?, answer: millions
In 2013 tourism within the state from local citizens accounted for 39.9% of tourists, the second highest originating location for tourists to Tennessee is the state of Georgia, accounting for 8.4% of tourists.:17 Forty-four percent of stays in the state were "day trips", 25% stayed one night, 15% stayed two nights, and 11% stayed 4 or more nights. The average stay was 2.16 nights, compared to 2.03 nights for the US as a whole.:40 The average person spent $118 per day: 29% on transportation, 24% on food, 17% on accommodation, and 28% on shopping and entertainment.:44

question: Which other state sent Tennessee the most tourists in 2013?, answer: Georgia | question: What percentage of out-of-state tourists stayed in Tennessee for four or more nights?, answer: 11% | question: What average daily amount did a tourist spend in Tennessee in 2013?, answer: $118 | question: What percentage of Tennessee tourists daily spending in 2013 went toward accommodation?, answer: 17% | question: In which state do the greatest percentage of Tennessee tourists reside?, answer: Tennessee
In 2013, China led the world in renewable energy production, with a total capacity of 378 GW, mainly from hydroelectric and wind power. As of 2014, China leads the world in the production and use of wind power, solar photovoltaic power and smart grid technologies, generating almost as much water, wind and solar energy as all of France and Germany's power plants combined. China's renewable energy sector is growing faster than its fossil fuels and nuclear power capacity. Since 2005, production of solar cells in China has expanded 100-fold. As Chinese renewable manufacturing has grown, the costs of renewable energy technologies have dropped. Innovation has helped, but the main driver of reduced costs has been market expansion.

question: Who led the world in renewable energy production in 2013?, answer: China | question: Since what year has production of solar cells in China expanded 100-fold?, answer: 2005 | question: What is the main driver of reduced costs?, answer: market expansion
In 2013, Houston was identified as the #1 U.S. city for job creation by the U.S. Bureau of Statistics after it was not only the first major city to regain all the jobs lost in the preceding economic downturn, but after the crash, more than two jobs were added for every one lost. Economist and vice president of research at the Greater Houston Partnership Patrick Jankowski attributed Houston's success to the ability of the region's real estate and energy industries to learn from historical mistakes. Furthermore, Jankowski stated that "more than 100 foreign-owned companies relocated, expanded or started new businesses in Houston" between 2008 and 2010, and this openness to external business boosted job creation during a period when domestic demand was problematically low. Also in 2013, Houston again appeared on Forbes' list of Best Places for Business and Careers.

question: Where did Houston rank for job creation in 2013?, answer: #1 | question: How many jobs did Houston add for every one lost?, answer: two | question: How many foreign companies relocated to Houston?, answer: more than 100 | question: On what Forbes list did Houston appear in 2013?, answer: Best Places for Business and Careers | question: What was Houston the first city to do regain after the recession caused job loss?, answer: jobs lost
In 2013, Tom Ricketts and team president Crane Kenney unveiled plans for a five-year, $575 million privately funded renovation of Wrigley Field. Called the 1060 Project, the proposed plans included vast improvements to the stadium's facade, infrastructure, restrooms, concourses, suites, press box, bullpens, and clubhouses, as well as a 6,000-square foot jumbotron to be added in the left field bleachers, batting tunnels, a 3,000-square-foot video board in right field, and, eventually, an adjacent hotel, plaza, and office-retail complex. In previously years mostly all efforts to conduct any large-scale renovations to the field had been opposed by the city, former mayor Richard M. Daley (a staunch White Sox fan), and especially the rooftop owners.

question: When did Tom Ricketts and Crane Kenney unveil plans for a five-year funded renovation of Wrigley Field?, answer: 2013 | question: How much money has been funded to the renovation of Wrigley Field?, answer: $575 million | question: How big is the jumbotron going to be?, answer: 6,000-square foot
In 2013, Washington University received a record 30,117 applications for a freshman class of 1,500 with an acceptance rate of 13.7%. More than 90% of incoming freshmen whose high schools ranked were ranked in the top 10% of their high school classes. In 2006, the university ranked fourth overall and second among private universities in the number of enrolled National Merit Scholar freshmen, according to the National Merit Scholar Corporation's annual report. In 2008, Washington University was ranked #1 for quality of life according to The Princeton Review, among other top rankings. In addition, the Olin Business School's undergraduate program is among the top 4 in the country. The Olin Business School's undergraduate program is also among the country's most competitive, admitting only 14% of applicants in 2007 and ranking #1 in SAT scores with an average composite of 1492 M+CR according to BusinessWeek.

question: How many freshman class applications did Washington University receive in 2013?, answer: 30,117 | question: What percentage of incoming freshman at Washington University were in the top %10 of their class in 2013?, answer: More than 90% of incoming freshmen | question: Where did Washington University rank among private universities for National Merit Scholar freshman in 2006?, answer: second among private universities | question: When was Washington University ranked #1 for quality of life?, answer: In 2008 | question: What percent of applicants were admitted to Olin Business School in 2007?, answer: 14%
In 2013, an article in Mother Jones stated that while "[m]any prestigious orchestras have significant female membership—women outnumber men in the New York Philharmonic's violin section—and several renowned ensembles, including the National Symphony Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony, and the Minnesota Symphony, are led by women violinists", the double bass, brass, and percussion sections of major orchestras "...are still predominantly male." A 2014 BBC article stated that the "...introduction of 'blind' auditions, where a prospective instrumentalist performs behind a screen so that the judging panel can exercise no gender or racial prejudice, has seen the gender balance of traditionally male-dominated symphony orchestras gradually shift."

question: The National Symphony Orchestra is led by what gender of violinist?, answer: female | question: The double bass, brass and percussion sections are predominately what gender?, answer: male | question: What type of audition are expected to eliminator gender or racial prejudice?, answer: 'blind' auditions | question: In what section of the New York Philharmonic do women outnumber men?, answer: violin
In 2013, global business and financial news provider, Bloomberg, named Namibia the top emerging market economy in Africa and the 13th best in the world. Only four African countries made the Top 20 Emerging Markets list in the March 2013 issue of Bloomberg Markets magazine, and Namibia was rated ahead of Morocco (19th), South Africa (15th) and Zambia (14th). Worldwide, Namibia also fared better than Hungary, Brazil and Mexico. Bloomberg Markets magazine ranked the top 20 based on more than a dozen criteria. The data came from Bloomberg's own financial-market statistics, IMF forecasts and the World Bank. The countries were also rated on areas of particular interest to foreign investors: the ease of doing business, the perceived level of corruption and economic freedom. In order to attract foreign investment, the government has made improvement in reducing red tape resulted from excessive government regulations making the country one of the least bureaucratic places to do business in the region. However, facilitation payments are occasionally demanded by customs due to cumbersome and costly customs procedures. Namibia is also classified as an Upper Middle Income country by the World Bank, and ranks 87th out of 185 economies in terms of ease of doing business.

question: What did Bloomberg name Namibia?, answer: top emerging market economy in Africa | question: What rank did Bloomberg name Namibia's economy?, answer: 13th best in the world | question: How many African countries made the list for top Emerging Markets?, answer: four
In 2013, however, a study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA by a team led by Martin B. Richards of the University of Huddersfield in England reached different conclusions, again corroborating the pre-2006 origin hypothesis. Testing was performed on the full 16,600 DNA units composing mitochondrial DNA (the 2006 Behar study had only tested 1,000 units) in all their subjects, and the study found that the four main female Ashkenazi founders had descent lines that were established in Europe 10,000 to 20,000 years in the past while most of the remaining minor founders also have a deep European ancestry. The study states that the great majority of Ashkenazi maternal lineages were not brought from the Near East (i.e., they were non-Israelite), nor were they recruited in the Caucasus (i.e., they were non-Khazar), but instead they were assimilated within Europe, primarily of Italian and Old French origins. Richards summarized the findings on the female line as such: "[N]one [of the mtDNA] came from the North Caucasus, located along the border between Europe and Asia between the Black and Caspian seas. All of our presently available studies including my own, should thoroughly debunk one of the most questionable, but still tenacious, hypotheses: that most Ashkenazi Jews can trace their roots to the mysterious Khazar Kingdom that flourished during the ninth century in the region between the Byzantine Empire and the Persian Empire." The 2013 study estimated that 80 percent of Ashkenazi maternal ancestry comes from women indigenous to Europe, and only 8 percent from the Near East, while the origin of the remainder is undetermined. According to the study these findings "point to a significant role for the conversion of women in the formation of Ashkenazi communities."

question: A 2013 study estimates that what percentage of Ashkenazi maternal ancestry comes from women indigenous to Europe?, answer: 80 percent | question: A 2013 study estimates that what percentage of Ashkenazi maternal ancestry comes from women from the Near East?, answer: 8 percent | question: A 2013 study estimates that what percentage of Ashkenazi maternal ancestry comes from women of undetermined origins?, answer: while the origin of the remainder is undetermined
In 2013, the league expanded with the addition of two new franchises to play in 2014, the Los Angeles Kiss (owned by Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley of the legendary rock band Kiss) and the Portland Thunder.

question: What was the name of the Los Angeles-based team added in 2013?, answer: Kiss | question: Along with Paul Stanley, who owned the Los Angeles Kiss?, answer: Gene Simmons | question: Other than the Los Angeles Kiss, what expansion team entered in the league in 2013?, answer: Portland Thunder | question: Paul Stanley and Gene Simmons are members of what musical group?, answer: Kiss
In 2013, the northern atolls of the Marshall Islands experienced drought. The drought left 6,000 people surviving on less than 1 litre (0.22 imp gal; 0.26 US gal) of water per day. This resulted in the failure of food crops and the spread of diseases such as diarrhea, pink eye, and influenza. These emergencies resulted in the United States President declaring an emergency in the islands. This declaration activated support from US government agencies under the Republic's "free association" status with the United States, which provides humanitarian and other vital support.

question: What part of the Marshall Islands experienced drought in 2013?, answer: the northern atolls | question: How many people were stricken by drought in 2013?, answer: 6,000 | question: In the drought stricken areas, how many litres of water did residents consume each day?, answer: 1 | question: Along with pink eye and influenza, what other health issue was caused by the drought?, answer: diarrhea | question: What official declared a state of emergency in the Marshall Islands in response to the drought?, answer: the United States President
In 2014 YouTube said that 300 hours of new videos were uploaded to the site every minute, three times more than one year earlier and that around three quarters of the material comes from outside the U.S. The site has 800 million unique users a month. It is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. According to third-party web analytics providers, Alexa and SimilarWeb, YouTube is the third most visited website in the world, as of June 2015; SimilarWeb also lists YouTube as the top TV and video website globally, attracting more than 15 billion visitors per month.

question: As of 2014, how many hours of video were being uploaded every minute?, answer: 300 | question: How much content on youtube comes from outside the US?, answer: around three quarters | question: How many unique visitors a month were tracked as of 2014?, answer: 800 million | question: As of June 2015, how many estimated visitors does youtube have in a month?, answer: 15 billion | question: Youtube is ranked what on the world's list of most visited sites?, answer: third
In 2014 artist Jack White sold 40,000 copies of his second solo release, Lazaretto, on vinyl. The sales of the record beat the largest sales in one week on vinyl since 1991. The sales record was previously held by Pearl Jam's, Vitalogy, which sold 34,000 copies in one week in 1994. In 2014, the sale of vinyl records was the only physical music medium with increasing sales with relation to the previous year. Sales of other mediums including individual digital tracks, digital albums and compact discs have fallen, the latter having the greatest drop-in-sales rate.

question: Whom set the most recent sales record of vinyl records since 1991?, answer: Jack White | question: What medium has seen the biggest fall in sales as of late?, answer: compact discs | question: What was unique to vinyl sales in 2014?, answer: was the only physical music medium with increasing sales with relation to the previous year | question: Who sold 34,000 vinyl records in 1994?, answer: Pearl Jam | question: Prior to 2014 when was the most recent large sale of vinyl records?, answer: 1991
In 2014 attention was drawn to an appeal to the New Zealand Immigration and Protection Tribunal against the deportation of a Tuvaluan family on the basis that they were "climate change refugees", who would suffer hardship resulting from the environmental degradation of Tuvalu. However the subsequent grant of residence permits to the family was made on grounds unrelated to the refugee claim. The family was successful in their appeal because, under the relevant immigration legislation, there were "exceptional circumstances of a humanitarian nature" that justified the grant of resident permits as the family was integrated into New Zealand society with a sizeable extended family which had effectively relocated to New Zealand. Indeed, in 2013 a claim of a Kiribati man of being a "climate change refugee" under the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (1951) was determined by the New Zealand High Court to be untenable as there was no persecution or serious harm related to any of the five stipulated Refugee Convention grounds. Permanent migration to Australia and New Zealand, such as for family reunification, requires compliance with the immigration legislation of those countries.

question: What was the argument against the deportation of a Tuvaluan family from new Zealand?, answer: climate change refugees | question: By what reason was the Tuvaluan family allowed to immigrate?, answer: humanitarian nature | question: What court ruled the claim of climate change refugee to be untenable?, answer: New Zealand High Court | question: What feature was missing in the climate change claims?, answer: persecution or serious harm | question: What document draws out the requirements of refugee status?, answer: Refugee Convention