lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Efforts have been made to protect Guam's coral reef habitats from pollution, eroded silt and overfishing, problems that have led to decreased fish populations. (Since Guam is a significant vacation spot for scuba divers, this is important.) In recent years, the Department of Agriculture, Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources has established several new marine preserves where fish populations are monitored by biologists. Before adopting U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards, portions of Tumon Bay were dredged by the hotel chains to provide a better experience for hotel guests. Tumon Bay has since been made into a preserve. A federal Guam National Wildlife Refuge in northern Guam protects the decimated sea turtle population in addition to a small colony of Mariana fruit bats.

question: What has Guam recently being trying to protect?, answer: coral reef habitats | question: What has led to the decrease of fish near Guam?, answer: pollution, eroded silt and overfishing | question: What is the name of the flying mammal in Guam that some are concerned for?, answer: Mariana fruit bats
Efforts to identify the origins of Ashkenazi Jews through DNA analysis began in the 1990s. Currently, there are three types of genetic origin testing, autosomal DNA (atDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA). Autosomal DNA is a mixture from an individual's entire ancestry, Y-DNA shows a male's lineage only along his strict-paternal line, mtDNA shows any person's lineage only along the strict-maternal line. Genome-wide association studies have also been employed to yield findings relevant to genetic origins.

question: How many types of genetic origin testing currently exist?, answer: three types of genetic origin testing | question: When did efforts begin to try and identify the origins of Ashkenazi Jews through DNA analysis?, answer: the 1990s | question: What does Y-DNA show?, answer: a male's lineage only along his strict-paternal line | question: What are the three types of origin testing?, answer: autosomal DNA (atDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA) | question: Autosomal DNA is what?, answer: a mixture from an individual's entire ancestry
Egocentrism in adolescents forms a self-conscious desire to feel important in their peer groups and enjoy social acceptance. Unlike the conflicting aspects of self-concept, identity represents a coherent sense of self stable across circumstances and including past experiences and future goals. Everyone has a self-concept, whereas Erik Erikson argued that not everyone fully achieves identity. Erikson's theory of stages of development includes the identity crisis in which adolescents must explore different possibilities and integrate different parts of themselves before committing to their beliefs. He described the resolution of this process as a stage of "identity achievement" but also stressed that the identity challenge "is never fully resolved once and for all at one point in time". Adolescents begin by defining themselves based on their crowd membership. "Clothes help teens explore new identities, separate from parents, and bond with peers." Fashion has played a major role when it comes to teenagers "finding their selves"; Fashion is always evolving, which corresponds with the evolution of change in the personality of teenagers. Adolescents attempt to define their identity by consciously styling themselves in different manners to find what best suits them. Trial and error in matching both their perceived image and the image others respond to and see, allows for the adolescent to grasp an understanding of who they are Just as fashion is evolving to influence adolescents so is the media. "Modern life takes place amidst a never-ending barrage of flesh on screens, pages, and billboards." This barrage consciously or subconsciously registers into the mind causing issues with self-image a factor that contributes to an adolescence sense of identity. Researcher James Marcia developed the current method for testing an individual's progress along these stages. His questions are divided into three categories: occupation, ideology, and interpersonal relationships. Answers are scored based on extent to which the individual has explored and the degree to which he has made commitments. The result is classification of the individual into a) identity diffusion in which all children begin, b) Identity Foreclosure in which commitments are made without the exploration of alternatives, c) Moratorium, or the process of exploration, or d) Identity Achievement in which Moratorium has occurred and resulted in commitments.

question: Which theorist argued that not everyone fully achieves identity?, answer: Erik Erikson | question: How do adolescents initially define themselves?, answer: crowd membership | question: How is Moratorium defined?, answer: process of exploration | question: Which researcher developed the current method for testing an individual's process along the stages of identity?, answer: James Marcia | question: James Marcia divides questions into how many categories?, answer: three
Egypt (i/ˈiːdʒɪpt/; Arabic: مِصر‎ Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: مَصر Maṣr, Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Khemi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia, via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is the world's only contiguous Eurafrasian nation. Most of Egypt's territory of 1,010,408 square kilometres (390,000 sq mi) lies within the Nile Valley. Egypt is a Mediterranean country. It is bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.

question: What 2 continents meet at Egypt?, answer: Africa and southwest corner of Asia | question: What land bridge between Asian and Africa?, answer: Sinai Peninsula | question: How larger is Egypt?, answer: 1,010,408 square kilometres | question: What Sea borders Egypt to the east?, answer: Red Sea | question: What country borders Egypt to the south?, answer: Sudan
Egypt actively practices capital punishment. Egypt's authorities do not release figures on death sentences and executions, despite repeated requests over the years by human rights organisations. The United Nations human rights office and various NGOs expressed "deep alarm" after an Egyptian Minya Criminal Court sentenced 529 people to death in a single hearing on 25 March 2014. Sentenced supporters of former President Mohamed Morsi will be executed for their alleged role in violence following his ousting in July 2013. The judgment was condemned as a violation of international law. By May 2014, approximately 16,000 people (and as high as more than 40,000 by one independent count), mostly Brotherhood members or supporters, have been imprisoned after the coup after the Muslim Brotherhood was labelled as terrorist organisation by the post-coup interim Egyptian government.

question: what controversial practice does Egypt actively administer as punishment?, answer: capital punishment | question: What was Muslim Brotherhood labelled post coup?, answer: terrorist organisation | question: In March 2014 what number of people were sentenced to death in a single hearing?, answer: 529 | question: What former president's supporters are set to be executed?, answer: Mohamed Morsi
Egypt also hosts an unknown number of refugees and asylum seekers, estimated to be between 500,000 and 3 million. There are some 70,000 Palestinian refugees, and about 150,000 recently arrived Iraqi refugees, but the number of the largest group, the Sudanese, is contested.[nb 1] The once-vibrant and ancient Greek and Jewish communities in Egypt have almost disappeared, with only a small number remaining in the country, but many Egyptian Jews visit on religious or other occasions and tourism. Several important Jewish archaeological and historical sites are found in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities.

question: Approximately how many rufugees and asylum seekers are in Egypt?, answer: between 500,000 and 3 million | question: What cities house several important Jewish archaelogical sites?, answer: Cairo, Alexandria and other cities | question: How may Palestinian refugees are in Egypt?, answer: 70,000 | question: How many recent Iraqi refugees are in Egypt?, answer: 150,000
Egypt has a developed energy market based on coal, oil, natural gas, and hydro power. Substantial coal deposits in the northeast Sinai are mined at the rate of about 600,000 tonnes (590,000 long tons; 660,000 short tons) per year. Oil and gas are produced in the western desert regions, the Gulf of Suez, and the Nile Delta. Egypt has huge reserves of gas, estimated at 2,180 cubic kilometres (520 cu mi), and LNG up to 2012 exported to many countries. In 2013, the Egyptian General Petroleum Co (EGPC) said the country will cut exports of natural gas and tell major industries to slow output this summer to avoid an energy crisis and stave off political unrest, Reuters has reported. Egypt is counting on top liquid natural gas (LNG) exporter Qatar to obtain additional gas volumes in summer, while encouraging factories to plan their annual maintenance for those months of peak demand, said EGPC chairman, Tarek El Barkatawy. Egypt produces its own energy, but has been a net oil importer since 2008 and is rapidly becoming a net importer of natural gas.

question: Is Egypt able to sustain just from its own energy production?, answer: has been a net oil importer since 2008 | question: How much coal is mine yearly in northeast Sinai?, answer: 600,000 tonnes | question: What efforts were made in 2013 to maintain sustainability?, answer: cut exports of natural gas and tell major industries to slow output this summer to avoid an energy crisis | question: What is Egypts energy market based upon?, answer: coal, oil, natural gas, and hydro power
Egypt has a wide range of beaches situated on the Mediterranean and the Red Sea that extend to over 3,000 km. The Red Sea has serene waters, coloured coral reefs, rare fish and beautiful mountains. The Akba Gulf beaches also provide facilities for practising sea sports. Safaga tops the Red Sea zone with its beautiful location on the Suez Gulf. Last but not least, Sharm el-Sheikh (or City of Peace), Hurghada, Luxor (known as world's greatest open-air museum/ or City of the ⅓ of world monuments), Dahab, Ras Sidr, Marsa Alam, Safaga and the northern coast of the Mediterranean are major tourist's destinations of the recreational tourism.

question: Where are Egyptian beaches situated?, answer: Mediterranean and the Red Sea | question: How far do Egyptian beaches extend?, answer: 3,000 km | question: What Egypt located body of water is known for its serenity?, answer: Red Sea | question: What locations on Egypt's northern coast are major tourist destinations for recreational tourism?, answer: Dahab, Ras Sidr, Marsa Alam, Safaga
Egypt has hosted several international competitions. the last one was 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup which took place between 24 September - 16 October 2009. On Friday 19 September of the year 2014, Guinness World Records has announced that Egyptian scuba diver Ahmed Gabr is the new title holder for deepest salt water scuba dive, at 332.35 metres. Ahmed set a new world record Friday when he reached a depth of more than 1,000 feet. The 14-hour feat took Gabr 1,066 feet down into the abyss near the Egyptian town of Dahab in ther Red Sea, where he works as a diving instructor.

question: What was the last international competition Egypt hosted?, answer: 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup | question: Who holds Guiness record for Deepest salt water scuba dive?, answer: Ahmed Gabr | question: How deep did Gabr dive?, answer: 1,066 feet down | question: In what body of water did Gabr dive?, answer: Red Sea
Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC as one of the world's first nation states. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. Egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, having endured, and at times assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European. Although Christianised in the first century of the Common Era, it was subsequently Islamised due to the Islamic conquests of the seventh century.

question: How far back does Egypt's history date back?, answer: tenth millennium BC | question: Why is Egypt considered a cradle of civilisation?, answer: earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government | question: What were some of Egypt's foreign influences?, answer: Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European | question: What are iconic monumuents of Egypt?, answer: Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx | question: In what century were islamic conquests of Egypt?, answer: seventh century
Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide variation of ages, the continuous contact with other nations and the big number of conflicts Egypt had been through, at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt, mainly covering a wide area of these ages and conflicts.

question: What is the oldest era in Egypt?, answer: prehistoric | question: How many museums are found in Egypt?, answer: at least 60 | question: What are some examples of Ages in Egypt?, answer: Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic
Egypt recognises only three religions: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Other faiths and minority Muslim sects practised by Egyptians, such as the small Bahá'í and Ahmadi community, are not recognised by the state and face persecution since they are labelled as far right groups that threaten Egypt's national security. Individuals, particularly Baha'is and atheists, wishing to include their religion (or lack thereof) on their mandatory state issued identification cards are denied this ability (see Egyptian identification card controversy), and are put in the position of either not obtaining required identification or lying about their faith. A 2008 court ruling allowed members of unrecognised faiths to obtain identification and leave the religion field blank.

question: What 3 religions does Egypt recognise?, answer: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism | question: What recognition do Baha'i and Hmadi community get from Egyptian government?, answer: are not recognised by the state | question: Until what year did some minorities need to lie about religion or not get mandatory state issued ID?, answer: 2008
Egypt was producing 691,000 bbl/d of oil and 2,141.05 Tcf of natural gas (in 2013), which makes Egypt as the largest oil producer not member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and the second-largest dry natural gas producer in Africa. In 2013, Egypt was the largest consumer of oil and natural gas in Africa, as more than 20% of total oil consumption and more than 40% of total dry natural gas consumption in Africa. Also, Egypt possesses the largest oil refinery capacity in Africa 726,000 bbl/d (in 2012). Egypt is currently planning to build its first nuclear power plant in El Dabaa city, northern Egypt.

question: How much oil is Egypt producing in a day?, answer: 691,000 bbl/d | question: How much natural gas is Egypt producing in a day?, answer: 2,141.05 Tcf | question: Where does Egypt rank among oil and natural gas sonsumers in Africa?, answer: largest consumer | question: Where is Egypt planning to build is first nuclear power plant?, answer: El Dabaa city
Egypt's economy depends mainly on agriculture, media, petroleum imports, natural gas, and tourism; there are also more than three million Egyptians working abroad, mainly in Saudi Arabia, the Persian Gulf and Europe. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1970 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population, limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress the economy.

question: What areas of economy is Egypt dependent on?, answer: agriculture, media, petroleum imports, natural gas, and tourism | question: Where do Egyptians working abroad work mainly?, answer: Saudi Arabia, the Persian Gulf and Europe | question: What lake reulted from completion of Aswan High Dam?, answer: Lake Nasser | question: What year was Aswan High Dam completed?, answer: 1970
Egypt's most prominent multinational companies are the Orascom Group and Raya Contact Center. The information technology (IT) sector has expanded rapidly in the past few years, with many start-ups selling outsourcing services to North America and Europe, operating with companies such as Microsoft, Oracle and other major corporations, as well as many small and medium size enterprises. Some of these companies are the Xceed Contact Center, Raya, E Group Connections and C3. The IT sector has been stimulated by new Egyptian entrepreneurs with government encouragement.[citation needed]

question: What are Egypt's 2 most prominent multinational compnaies?, answer: Orascom Group and Raya Contact Center | question: What sector has expanded radiply by selling outsourcing services to North America and Europe?, answer: information technology (IT) | question: What has stimulated IT sector?, answer: new Egyptian entrepreneurs with government encouragement
Egyptian President Anwar Sadat had a mother who was a dark-skinned Nubian Sudanese woman and a father who was a lighter-skinned Egyptian. In response to an advertisement for an acting position, as a young man he said, "I am not white but I am not exactly black either. My blackness is tending to reddish".

question: Who was the Egyptian President?, answer: Anwar Sadat | question: What ethnicity was his mother?, answer: Nubian Sudanese | question: What ethnicity was his father?, answer: Egyptian | question: What color did he refer to himself as?, answer: reddish
Egyptian cinema became a regional force with the coming of sound. In 1936, Studio Misr, financed by industrialist Talaat Harb, emerged as the leading Egyptian studio, a role the company retained for three decades. For over 100 years, more than 4000 films have been produced in Egypt, three quarters of the total Arab production.[citation needed] Egypt is considered the leading country in the field of cinema in the Middle East. Actors from all over the Arab World seek to appear in the Egyptian cinema for the sake of fame. The Cairo International Film Festival has been rated as one of 11 festivals with a top class rating worldwide by the International Federation of Film Producers' Associations.

question: Who financed Studio Misr?, answer: Talaat Harb | question: In more that 100 years how many films have been produced in Egypt?, answer: 4000 films | question: In what year was Studio Misr founded?, answer: 1936 | question: What share of Arab productions have come from Egypt?, answer: three quarters
Egyptian literature traces its beginnings to ancient Egypt and is some of the earliest known literature. Indeed, the Egyptians were the first culture to develop literature as we know it today, that is, the book. It is an important cultural element in the life of Egypt. Egyptian novelists and poets were among the first to experiment with modern styles of Arabic literature, and the forms they developed have been widely imitated throughout the Middle East. The first modern Egyptian novel Zaynab by Muhammad Husayn Haykal was published in 1913 in the Egyptian vernacular. Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz was the first Arabic-language writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Egyptian women writers include Nawal El Saadawi, well known for her feminist activism, and Alifa Rifaat who also writes about women and tradition.

question: Who was the first to develop literature?, answer: Egyptians | question: What syles did writers in Arabic literature experiment with first?, answer: modern styles | question: What was the first modern Egyptian novel?, answer: Zaynab | question: When was Munammad Huayn Haykal's first modern novel published?, answer: 1913
Egyptian music is a rich mixture of indigenous, Mediterranean, African and Western elements. It has been an integral part of Egyptian culture since antiquity. The ancient Egyptians credited one of their gods Hathor with the invention of music, which Osiris in turn used as part of his effort to civilise the world. Egyptians used music instruments since then. Contemporary Egyptian music traces its beginnings to the creative work of people such as Abdu El Hamouli, Almaz and Mahmoud Osman, who influenced the later work of Sayed Darwish, Umm Kulthum, Mohammed Abdel Wahab and Abdel Halim Hafez whose age is considered the golden age of music in Egypt and the whole Middle East and North-Africa. Prominent contemporary Egyptian pop singers include Amr Diab and Mohamed Mounir.

question: What elements mix for Egyptian music?, answer: indigenous, Mediterranean, African and Western | question: Who is credited with invention of music by ancient Egyptians?, answer: Hathor | question: What artist are considered the golden age of Egyptian music?, answer: Abdu El Hamouli, Almaz and Mahmoud Osman, who influenced the later work of Sayed Darwish, Umm Kulthum, Mohammed Abdel Wahab and Abdel Halim Hafez | question: What is more contemporary Egyptian Pop Singer?, answer: Amr Diab and Mohamed Mounir
Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk. This work, also based in the testing of compounds available from the German dye industry, led to the development of Prontosil, the first representative of the sulfonamide class of antibiotics. Compared to arsphenamine, the sulfonamides had a broader spectrum of activity and were far less toxic, rendering them useful for infections caused by pathogens such as streptococci. In 1939, Domagk received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for this discovery. Nonetheless, the dramatic decrease in deaths from infectious diseases that occurred prior to World War II was primarily the result of improved public health measures such as clean water and less crowded housing, and the impact of anti-infective drugs and vaccines was significant mainly after World War II.

question: Who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1939?, answer: Gerhard Domagk | question: Prontosil is in what drug class?, answer: antibiotics | question: Who is responsible for creating Prontosil?, answer: Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk | question: What causes Streptococci?, answer: pathogens | question: Many deaths occurred before World War II due to what?, answer: infectious diseases | question: What was the name of the first sulfonamine antibiotic?, answer: Prontosil | question: What award did Domagk receive in 1939?, answer: Nobel Prize in Medicine | question: Anti-infective drugs became more prominent after what war?, answer: World War II | question: Were sulfonamides more or less toxic than arsphenamine?, answer: less | question: Streptococci and other pathogens could be treated by what type of antibiotics?, answer: sulfonamides