lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The city lies on approximately 200 deep canyons and hills separating its mesas, creating small pockets of natural open space scattered throughout the city and giving it a hilly geography. Traditionally, San Diegans have built their homes and businesses on the mesas, while leaving the urban canyons relatively wild. Thus, the canyons give parts of the city a segmented feel, creating gaps between otherwise proximate neighborhoods and contributing to a low-density, car-centered environment. The San Diego River runs through the middle of San Diego from east to west, creating a river valley which serves to divide the city into northern and southern segments. The river used to flow into San Diego Bay and its fresh water was the focus of the earliest Spanish explorers.[citation needed] Several reservoirs and Mission Trails Regional Park also lie between and separate developed areas of the city.

question: In what direction does the San Diego River run through the city?, answer: east to west | question: What bodies of water can be found separating different developed areas of the city?, answer: reservoirs | question: What is created by the many canyons and hills throughout San Diego?, answer: small pockets of natural open space | question: What divides the city's northern and southern segments?, answer: San Diego River | question: Where did the San Diego River once flow to?, answer: San Diego Bay
The city management and urban policy program was ranked first in the nation, and the special education program second, by U.S. News & World Report's 2016 rankings. USN&WR also ranked several programs in the top 25 among U.S. universities.

question: What program at the University of Kansas was rated highest among its peers?, answer: city management and urban policy | question: What KU department was rated second in its field?, answer: special education | question: Which publication provided rankings of college and university programs?, answer: U.S. News & World Report | question: In what tier did a number of KU's programs rank in 2016?, answer: the top 25
The city of Bern or Berne (German: Bern, pronounced [bɛrn] ( listen); French: Berne [bɛʁn]; Italian: Berna [ˈbɛrna]; Romansh: Berna [ˈbɛrnɐ] (help·info); Bernese German: Bärn [b̥æːrn]) is the de facto capital of Switzerland, referred to by the Swiss as their (e.g. in German) Bundesstadt, or "federal city".[note 1] With a population of 140,634 (November 2015), Bern is the fifth most populous city in Switzerland. The Bern agglomeration, which includes 36 municipalities, had a population of 406,900 in 2014. The metropolitan area had a population of 660,000 in 2000. Bern is also the capital of the Canton of Bern, the second most populous of Switzerland's cantons.

question: What city is the de facto capital of Switserland?, answer: Berne | question: What is the second most populous of Switzerland's cantons?, answer: Canton of Bern | question: Which canton is Berne the capital?, answer: Canton of Bern | question: How many municipalities are in the Berne agglomeration?, answer: 36 municipalities | question: What is the population of Berne?, answer: 140,634 | question: Where is Bern located?, answer: Switzerland | question: How many municiplaities are in Bern?, answer: 36 | question: Bern is the capitol of which canton?, answer: Canton of Bern | question: Where does Bern rank in population in Switzerland?, answer: second
The city of Detroit and other private-public partnerships have attempted to catalyze the region's growth by facilitating the building and historical rehabilitation of residential high-rises in the downtown, creating a zone that offers many business tax incentives, creating recreational spaces such as the Detroit RiverWalk, Campus Martius Park, Dequindre Cut Greenway, and Green Alleys in Midtown. The city itself has cleared sections of land while retaining a number of historically significant vacant buildings in order to spur redevelopment; though it has struggled with finances, the city issued bonds in 2008 to provide funding for ongoing work to demolish blighted properties. Two years earlier, downtown reported $1.3 billion in restorations and new developments which increased the number of construction jobs in the city. In the decade prior to 2006, downtown gained more than $15 billion in new investment from private and public sectors.

question: Which part of Detroit has gotten billions in investment around the turn of the millennium?, answer: downtown | question: What part of Detroit is Green Alleys located in?, answer: Midtown | question: What type of vacant buildings have been spared destruction?, answer: historically significant
The city of Houston has a strong mayoral form of municipal government. Houston is a home rule city and all municipal elections in the state of Texas are nonpartisan. The City's elected officials are the mayor, city controller and 16 members of the Houston City Council. The current mayor of Houston is Sylvester Turner, a Democrat elected on a nonpartisan ballot. Houston's mayor serves as the city's chief administrator, executive officer, and official representative, and is responsible for the general management of the city and for seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced.

question: Who is the current mayor of Houston?, answer: Sylvester Turner | question: What form of government does Houston have?, answer: strong mayoral form of municipal government | question: Who are Houston's elected officials?, answer: the mayor, city controller and 16 members of the Houston City Council | question: What does Houston's mayor also serve as?, answer: the city's chief administrator, executive officer, and official representative | question: Besides the general management of the city, Houston's mayor is also responsible for what?, answer: seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced | question: What is the form of city government in Houston?, answer: strong mayoral | question: What type of municipal elections are held in Texas?, answer: nonpartisan | question: Besides the mayor and controller, how many members are there on the city council?, answer: 16 | question: Who is the mayor of Houston since the last election?, answer: Sylvester Turner | question: To what political party is Mayor Turner aligned?, answer: Democrat
The city of Jerusalem is of special importance to Jews, Muslims and Christians as it is the home of sites that are pivotal to their religious beliefs, such as the Old City that incorporates the Western Wall and the Temple Mount, the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Other locations of religious importance in Israel are Nazareth (holy in Christianity as the site of the Annunciation of Mary), Tiberias and Safed (two of the Four Holy Cities in Judaism), the White Mosque in Ramla (holy in Islam as the shrine of the prophet Saleh), and the Church of Saint George in Lod (holy in Christianity and Islam as the tomb of Saint George or Al Khidr). A number of other religious landmarks are located in the West Bank, among them Joseph's Tomb in Nablus, the birthplace of Jesus and Rachel's Tomb in Bethlehem, and the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron. The administrative center of the Bahá'í Faith and the Shrine of the Báb are located at the Bahá'í World Centre in Haifa; the leader of the faith is buried in Acre. Apart from maintenance staff, there is no Bahá'í community in Israel, although it is a destination for pilgrimages. Bahá'í staff in Israel do not teach their faith to Israelis following strict policy. A few miles south of the Bahá'í World Centre is the Middle East centre of the reformist Ahmadiyya movement. Its mixed neighbourhood of Jews and Ahmadi Arabs is the only one of its kind in the country.

question: What incorporates the Western Wall and the Temple Mount?, answer: Old City | question: Where is Rachel's Tomb?, answer: Bethlehem | question: Who do not teach their faith to Israelis?, answer: Bahá'í staff
The city of Kathmandu is named after Kasthamandap temple, that stood in Durbar Square. In Sanskrit, Kastha (काष्ठ) means "wood" and Mandap (/मण्डप) means "covered shelter". This temple, also known as Maru Satal in the Newar language, was built in 1596 by King Laxmi Narsingh Malla. The two-storey structure was made entirely of wood, and used no iron nails nor supports. According to legend, all the timber used to build the pagoda was obtained from a single tree. The structure collapsed during the major earthquake on 25 April 2015.

question: What does काष्ठ mean in English?, answer: wood | question: What is the English translation of Mandap?, answer: covered shelter | question: What do Newar speakers call Kasthamandap temple?, answer: Maru Satal | question: Who was responsible for the construction of Kasthamandap temple?, answer: King Laxmi Narsingh Malla | question: On what date was Maru Satal destroyed?, answer: 25 April 2015
The city of Montevideo suffered a siege of eight years between 1843 and 1851, during which it was supplied by sea with British and French support. Oribe, with the support of the then conservative Governor of Buenos Aires Province Juan Manuel de Rosas, besieged the Colorados in Montevideo, where the latter were supported by the French Legion, the Italian Legion, the Basque Legion and battalions from Brazil. Finally, in 1851, with the additional support of Argentine rebels who opposed Rosas, the Colorados defeated Oribe. The fighting, however, resumed in 1855, when the Blancos came to power, which they maintained until 1865. Thereafter, the Colorado Party regained power, which they retained until past the middle of the 20th century.

question: What did Montevideo suffer between 1843 and 1851?, answer: a siege | question: How did the British and French supply the city of Montevideo??, answer: by sea | question: What year did the Colorados defeat Oribe?, answer: 1851
The city of Nanjing was razed after the Sui dynasty took over it. It renamed Shengzhou (昇州) in Tang dynasty and resuscitated during the late Tang. It was chosen as the capital and called Jinling (金陵) during the Southern Tang (937–976), a state that succeeded Wu state. It renamed Jiangning (江寧) in Northern Song dynasty and renamed Jiankang in Southern Song dynasty. Jiankang's textile industry burgeoned and thrived during the Song dynasty despite the constant threat of foreign invasions from the north by the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty. The court of Da Chu, a short-lived puppet state established by the Jurchens, and the court of Song were once in the city. Song was eventually exterminated by the Mongol empire under the name Yuan and in Yuan dynasty the city's status as a hub of the textile industry was further consolidated.

question: When was Nanjing made a capital again?, answer: during the Southern Tang (937–976) | question: During what dynasty did Nanjing become a thriving textile city?, answer: the Song dynasty | question: What was the name of the short-lived puppet court created by the Jurchens?, answer: The court of Da Chu | question: Who defeated the court of Song?, answer: the Mongol empire
The city of Richmond operates 28 elementary schools, nine middle schools, and eight high schools, serving a total student population of 24,000 students. There is one Governor's School in the city − the Maggie L. Walker Governor's School for Government and International Studies. In 2008, it was named as one of Newsweek magazine's 18 "public elite" high schools, and in 2012, it was rated #16 of America's best high schools overall. Richmond's public school district also runs one of Virginia's four public charter schools, the Patrick Henry School of Science and Arts, which was founded in 2010.

question: How many high schools are there in Richmond?, answer: eight | question: How many primary and secondary school students attend school in Richmond?, answer: 24,000 | question: For whom is the Governor's School in Richmond named?, answer: Maggie L. Walker | question: Where was Richmond's Governor's School rated by Newsweek in 2012?, answer: 16 | question: When did Patrick Henry School of Science and Arts open its doors?, answer: 2010
The city of Rome had a place called the Campus Martius ("Field of Mars"), which was a sort of drill ground for Roman soldiers. Later, the Campus became Rome's track and field playground. In the campus, the youth assembled to play and exercise, which included jumping, wrestling, boxing and racing.[citation needed] Equestrian sports, throwing, and swimming were also preferred physical activities.[citation needed] In the countryside, pastimes included fishing and hunting.[citation needed] Board games played in Rome included dice (Tesserae or Tali), Roman Chess (Latrunculi), Roman Checkers (Calculi), Tic-tac-toe (Terni Lapilli), and Ludus duodecim scriptorum and Tabula, predecessors of backgammon. Other activities included chariot races, and musical and theatrical performances.[citation needed]

question: What was the name of the area in which youth played and exercised?, answer: Campus Martius | question: What could you also call Rome's Campus Maritus?, answer: Field of Mars | question: What is the Roman board game Tabula a precursor to?, answer: backgammon | question: What was Roman version of Chess called?, answer: Latrunculi
The city proper is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had a combined population of more than 5.5 million people, ranked seventh largest in the United States, and is the largest metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. As of 2008[update], the United Nations estimates that the Miami Urban Agglomeration is the 44th-largest in the world.

question: Where does Miami rank in population among US cities?, answer: 42nd | question: Along with Palm Beach and Miami-Dade, what county is part of the Miami-Dade metropolitan area?, answer: Broward | question: How many people live in the Miami-Dade metropolitan area?, answer: 5.5 million | question: Where does Miami-Dade rank in population among metropolitan areas in the US?, answer: seventh | question: What fraction of the southern Florida population lives in Miami?, answer: one-thirteenth
The city provides for yachting and water sports, with a number of marinas. From 1977 to 2001 the Whitbread Around the World Yacht Race, which is now known as the Volvo Ocean Race was based in Southampton's Ocean Village marina.

question: What feature does Southampton have plenty of that provides for water sports and yachting?, answer: marinas | question: What race named after a car company used to be hosted in Southampton?, answer: the Volvo Ocean Race | question: What was the former name of the Volvo Ocean Race?, answer: the Whitbread Around the World Yacht Race | question: Which marina in Southampton hosted the yacht race from 1977 too 2001?, answer: Ocean Village marina
The city reaches south-east through Dandenong to the growth corridor of Pakenham towards West Gippsland, and southward through the Dandenong Creek valley, the Mornington Peninsula and the city of Frankston taking in the peaks of Olivers Hill, Mount Martha and Arthurs Seat, extending along the shores of Port Phillip as a single conurbation to reach the exclusive suburb of Portsea and Point Nepean. In the west, it extends along the Maribyrnong River and its tributaries north towards Sunbury and the foothills of the Macedon Ranges, and along the flat volcanic plain country towards Melton in the west, Werribee at the foothills of the You Yangs granite ridge south west of the CBD. The Little River, and the township of the same name, marks the border between Melbourne and neighbouring Geelong city.

question: Which body of water and township of the same name marks the border between Melbourne and Geelong?, answer: Little River | question: Little River marks the boundary between Melbourne and which city?, answer: Geelong | question: Little River marks the boundary between Geelong and which other city?, answer: Melbourne
The city remained in the hands of Christian troops until 1102, when the Almoravids retook the city and restored the Muslim religion. Although the self-styled 'Emperor of All Spain', Alfonso VI of León and Castile, drove them from the city, he was not strong enough to hold it. The Christians set it afire before abandoning it, and the Almoravid Masdali took possession on 5 May 1109. The event was commemorated in a poem by Ibn Khafaja in which he thanked Yusuf ibn Tashfin for the city's liberation.The declining power of the Almoravids coincided with the rise of a new dynasty in North Africa, the Almohads, who seized control of the peninsula from the year 1145, although their entry into Valencia was deterred by Ibn Mardanis, King of Valencia and Murcia until 1171, at which time the city finally fell to the North Africans. The two Muslim dynasties would rule Valencia for more than a century.

question: In what year did Christian troops lose control of Valencia?, answer: 1102 | question: Who called himself the Emperor of All Spain?, answer: Alfonso VI of León and Castile | question: Who wrote poetry about Valencia's capture by the Almoravids?, answer: Ibn Khafaja | question: When did the Almohads gain control of the peninsula?, answer: 1145 | question: Who prevented the Almohads from entering Valencia?, answer: Ibn Mardanis
The city shares a 15-mile (24 km) border with Mexico that includes two border crossings. San Diego hosts the busiest international border crossing in the world, in the San Ysidro neighborhood at the San Ysidro Port of Entry. A second, primarily commercial border crossing operates in the Otay Mesa area; it is the largest commercial crossing on the California-Baja California border and handles the third-highest volume of trucks and dollar value of trade among all United States-Mexico land crossings.

question: Where is San Diego's border crossing?, answer: the San Ysidro neighborhood at the San Ysidro Port of Entry | question: How long is the border that San Diego shares with Mexico?, answer: 15-mile (24 km) | question: What is the volumte of trucks handled at the Otay Mesa crossing?, answer: the third-highest volume of trucks and dollar value of trade among all United States-Mexico land crossings. | question: Where is the next nearest commercial crossing at the border?, answer: Otay Mesa | question: How many border crossings does San Diego share with Mexico?, answer: two
The city slopes gently from the northwest to southeast on a till plain composed largely of glacial and lake clay. The most notable topographical feature in the city is the Detroit Moraine, a broad clay ridge on which the older portions of Detroit and Windsor sit atop, rising approximately 62 feet (19 m) above the river at its highest point. The highest elevation in the city is located directly north of Gorham Playground on the northwest side approximately three blocks south of 8 Mile Road, at a height of 675 to 680 feet (206 to 207 m). Detroit's lowest elevation is along the Detroit River, at a surface height of 572 feet (174 m).

question: What is the prominent topographical feature in Detroit?, answer: Detroit Moraine | question: How tall is the tallest point in Detroit?, answer: 675 to 680 feet | question: What is the lowest point in Detroit along side?, answer: Detroit River | question: What material is the Detroit Moraine composed of?, answer: clay
The city struck fortune in the late 18th century with the inventions and industrial activity of Eli Whitney, a Yale graduate who remained in New Haven to develop the cotton gin and establish a gun-manufacturing factory in the northern part of the city near the Hamden town line. That area is still known as Whitneyville, and the main road through both towns is known as Whitney Avenue. The factory is now the Eli Whitney Museum, which has a particular emphasis on activities for children and exhibits pertaining to the A. C. Gilbert Company. His factory, along with that of Simeon North, and the lively clock-making and brass hardware sectors, contributed to making early Connecticut a powerful manufacturing economy; so many arms manufacturers sprang up that the state became known as "The Arsenal of America". It was in Whitney's gun-manufacturing plant that Samuel Colt invented the automatic revolver in 1836. The Farmington Canal, created in the early 19th century, was a short-lived transporter of goods into the interior regions of Connecticut and Massachusetts, and ran from New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts.

question: Who is the Yale graduate, inventor, and arms manufacturer that had a large positive impact on the New Haven economy in the late 18th century?, answer: Eli Whitney | question: What invention, for which he is primarily known, did Eli Whitney develop in New Haven?, answer: the cotton gin | question: What is the area near Hamden that was renamed for Eli Whitney?, answer: Whitneyville | question: What was the nickname given to Connecticut due to the large number of arms manufacturers that arose in the state?, answer: "The Arsenal of America" | question: In 1836, who invented the automatic revolver in Eli Whitney's gun manufacturing plant?, answer: Samuel Colt | question: What is the name of the inventor that created the cotton gin in New Haven?, answer: Eli Whitney | question: What is the name of the main road that connects New Haven to Hamden?, answer: Whitney Avenue | question: What was the company that was responsible Connecticut rise as a manufacturing economy?, answer: A. C. Gilbert | question: The rise of gun factories within Connecticut earn the state what name?, answer: The Arsenal of America | question: In what year was the first automatic revolver invented?, answer: 1836
The city uses the strong-mayor version of the mayor-council form of government, which is headed by one mayor, in whom executive authority is vested. Elected at-large, the mayor is limited to two consecutive four-year terms under the city's home rule charter, but can run for the position again after an intervening term. The Mayor is Jim Kenney, who replaced Michael Nutter, who served two terms from 2009 to January 2016. Kenney, as all Philadelphia mayors have been since 1952, is a member of the Democratic Party, which tends to dominate local politics so thoroughly that the Democratic Mayoral primary is often more widely covered than the general election. The legislative branch, the Philadelphia City Council, consists of ten council members representing individual districts and seven members elected at large. Democrats currently hold 14 seats, with Republicans representing two allotted at-large seats for the minority party, as well as the Northeast-based Tenth District. The current council president is Darrell Clarke.

question: What type of government does Philadelphia have?, answer: strong-mayor version of the mayor-council | question: How many terms can a mayor serve?, answer: two consecutive four-year terms | question: Who is the current mayor?, answer: Jim Kenney | question: What party does the mayor represent?, answer: Democratic Party | question: What is the legislative branch called?, answer: Philadelphia City Council
The city walls include God's House Tower, built in 1417, the first purpose-built artillery fortification in England. Over the years it has been used as home to the city's gunner, the Town Gaol and even as storage for the Southampton Harbour Board. Until September 2011, it housed the Museum of Archaeology. The walls were completed in the 15th century, but later development of several new fortifications along Southampton Water and the Solent by Henry VIII meant that Southampton was no longer dependent upon its fortifications.

question: What's the name of the wall tower that was the first of its kind in England built for artillery purposes?, answer: God's House Tower | question: In what year was the God's House Tower built?, answer: 1417 | question: What museum was located in God's House Tower until 2011?, answer: Museum of Archaeology | question: Which king of England directed new fortifications that helped Southampton rely less on its wall?, answer: Henry VIII | question: In what century did Southampton complete construction of the wall around the city?, answer: 15th