lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In 1528 the bishop lost secular power over both Neder- and Oversticht – which included the city of Utrecht – to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Charles V combined the Seventeen Provinces (the current Benelux and the northern parts of France) as a personal union. This ended the prince-bishopric Utrecht, as the secular rule was now the lordship of Utrecht, with the religious power remaining with the bishop, although Charles V had gained the right to appoint new bishops. In 1559 the bishopric of Utrecht was raised to archbishopric to make it the religious center of the Northern ecclesiastical province in the Seventeen provinces.

question: What year did the bishop lose power, answer: In 1528 the bishop lost secular power over both Neder- and Oversticht – which included the city of Utrecht – to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor | question: What did Charles V combine, answer: Charles V combined the Seventeen Provinces (the current Benelux and the northern parts of France) as a personal union | question: What did the loss of power end, answer: the prince-bishopric Utrecht, as the secular rule was now the lordship of Utrecht, with the religious power remaining with the bishop | question: What was the bishop of Utrecht raised to, answer: In 1559 the bishopric of Utrecht was raised to archbishopric to make it the religious center of the Northern ecclesiastical province in the Seventeen provinces
In 1535, the abbey's annual income of £2400–2800[citation needed] (£1,310,000 to £1,530,000 as of 2016), during the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries rendered it second in wealth only to Glastonbury Abbey.

question: When was the abbey's annual income £2400–2800?, answer: 1535 | question: What was the abbey's annual income as of 2016?, answer: £1,310,000 to £1,530,000 | question: To which other abbey was Westminster Abbey second in wealth?, answer: Glastonbury Abbey | question: During what was the abbey made second in wealth?, answer: the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries
In 1562 Francisco de Ibarra headed a personal expedition in search of the mythical cities of Cibola and Quivira; he traveled through the present-day state of Chihuahua. Francisco de Ibarra is thought to have been the first European to see the ruins of Paquime. In 1564 Rodrigo de Río de Loza, a lieutenant under Francisco de Ibarra, stayed behind after the expedition and found gold at the foot of the mountains of the Sierra Madre Occidental; he founded the first Spanish city in the region, Santa Barbara in 1567 by bringing 400 European families to the settlement. A few years later in 1569 Franciscan missionaries led by Fray Agustín Rodríguez from the coast of Sinaloa and the state of Durango founded the first mission in the state in Valle de San Bartolomé (present-day Valle de Allende). Fray Agustín Rodríguez evangelized the native population until 1581. Between 1586 and 1588 a epidemic caused a temporary exodus of the small population in the territory of Nueva Vizcaya.

question: Which cities was Ibarra looking for?, answer: Cibola and Quivira | question: Through which present-day state did he travel?, answer: Chihuahua | question: Ibarra is thought to have been the first European to see the ruins of which city?, answer: Paquime | question: Which was the first Spanish city founded in the region?, answer: Santa Barbara | question: What caused a temporary exodus from Nueva Vizcaya?, answer: epidemic
In 1566, the first police investigator of Rio de Janeiro was recruited. By the 17th century, most captaincies already had local units with law enforcement functions. On July 9, 1775 a Cavalry Regiment was created in the state of Minas Gerais for maintaining law and order. In 1808, the Portuguese royal family relocated to Brazil, because of the French invasion of Portugal. King João VI established the "Intendência Geral de Polícia" (General Police Intendancy) for investigations. He also created a Royal Police Guard for Rio de Janeiro in 1809. In 1831, after independence, each province started organizing its local "military police", with order maintenance tasks. The Federal Railroad Police was created in 1852.

question: When did Rio get its first police investigator?, answer: 1566 | question: How had the Rio police grown by the 17th century?, answer: most captaincies already had local units with law enforcement functions | question: When did Minas Gerais get a cavalry regiment?, answer: July 9, 1775 | question: Where did the Portuguese royal family move in 1808?, answer: Brazil | question: Who invaded Portugal in 1808?, answer: French
In 1568, Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrographer Alexander George Findlay. The islands came under Britain's sphere of influence in the late 19th century, when each of the Ellice Islands was declared a British Protectorate by Captain Gibson of HMS Curacoa between 9 and 16 October 1892. The Ellice Islands were administered as British protectorate by a Resident Commissioner from 1892 to 1916 as part of the British Western Pacific Territories (BWPT), and then as part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony from 1916 to 1974.

question: In what year was Tuvalu discovered by a European?, answer: 1568 | question: Who was the discoverer of Tuvalu?, answer: Álvaro de Mendaña | question: What land mass was de Mendana actually seeking?, answer: Terra Australis | question: What was Tuvalu named in 1819?, answer: Ellice Islands | question: By what means did the British govern Tuvalu?, answer: British protectorate
In 1570, a full-scale Ottoman assault with 60,000 troops brought the island under Ottoman control, despite stiff resistance by the inhabitants of Nicosia and Famagusta. Ottoman forces capturing Cyprus massacred many Greek and Armenian Christian inhabitants. The previous Latin elite were destroyed and the first significant demographic change since antiquity took place with the formation of a Muslim community. Soldiers who fought in the conquest settled on the island and Turkish peasants and craftsmen were brought to the island from Anatolia. This new community also included banished Anatolian tribes, "undesirable" persons and members of various "troublesome" Muslim sects, as well as a number of new converts on the island.

question: In what year did Cyprus face a full-scale Ottoman assault?, answer: 1570 | question: Ottoman forces massacred which types of people?, answer: Greek and Armenian Christian inhabitants | question: Turkish peasants and craftsman were brought to the island from where?, answer: Anatolia
In 1578 king Stefan Batory created the Crown Tribunal in order to reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court. This placed much of the monarch's juridical power in the hands of the elected szlachta deputies, further strengthening the nobility class. In 1581 the Crown Tribunal was joined by a counterpart in Lithuania, the Lithuanian Tribunal.

question: The crown tribunal was created when?, answer: 1578 | question: Who created the crown tribunal?, answer: king Stefan Batory | question: What was the crown tribunal supposed to do?, answer: reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court | question: Where was a lot of power placed in result of the crown tribunal?, answer: the nobility class | question: WHo joined the crown tribunal eventually?, answer: Lithuanian Tribunal
In 1578, Elizabeth I granted a patent to Humphrey Gilbert for discovery and overseas exploration. That year, Gilbert sailed for the West Indies with the intention of engaging in piracy and establishing a colony in North America, but the expedition was aborted before it had crossed the Atlantic. In 1583 he embarked on a second attempt, on this occasion to the island of Newfoundland whose harbour he formally claimed for England, although no settlers were left behind. Gilbert did not survive the return journey to England, and was succeeded by his half-brother, Walter Raleigh, who was granted his own patent by Elizabeth in 1584. Later that year, Raleigh founded the colony of Roanoke on the coast of present-day North Carolina, but lack of supplies caused the colony to fail.

question: When did Humphrey Gilbert first set sail for the West Indies?, answer: 1578 | question: When was Humphrey Gilbert's second attempt to set sail?, answer: 1583 | question: What was Humphrey Gilbert's second destination?, answer: Newfoundland | question: Who was Humphrey Gilbert's half-brother?, answer: Walter Raleigh | question: What colony did Walter Raleigh found?, answer: Roanoke
In 1579 the northern seven provinces signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they decided to join forces against Spanish rule. The Union of Utrecht is seen as the beginning of the Dutch Republic. In 1580 the new and predominantly Protestant state abolished the bishoprics, including the archbishopric of Utrecht. The stadtholders disapproved of the independent course of the Utrecht bourgeoisie and brought the city under much more direct control of the republic; which shifted the power towards its dominant province Holland. This was the start of a long period of stagnation of trade and development in Utrecht. Utrecht remained an atypical city in the new republic with about 40% Catholic in the mid-17th century, and even more among the elite groups, who included many rural nobility and gentry with town houses there.

question: What was signed in 1579, answer: the northern seven provinces signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they decided to join forces against Spanish rule | question: What is this union seen as, answer: The Union of Utrecht is seen as the beginning of the Dutch Republic | question: What became the dominant province, answer: towards its dominant province Holland | question: What was the state of Utrecht, answer: Utrecht remained an atypical city in the new republic with about 40% Catholic in the mid-17th century, and even more among the elite groups
In 1584, Elizabeth I granted a charter to Sir Walter Raleigh, for whom the state capital is named, for land in present-day North Carolina (then part of the territory of Virginia). It was the second American territory which the English attempted to colonize. Raleigh established two colonies on the coast in the late 1580s, but both failed. The fate of the "Lost Colony" of Roanoke Island remains one of the most widely debated mysteries of American history. Virginia Dare, the first English child to be born in North America, was born on Roanoke Island on August 18, 1587; Dare County is named for her.

question: Who is the North Carolina state capital named for?, answer: Sir Walter Raleigh | question: Who granted the charter for Sir Walter Raleigh to travel to present day North Carolina?, answer: Elizabeth I | question: What year did Elizabeth I grant the charter to Raleigh to travel to North Carolina?, answer: 1584 | question: What was the second american territory the English attempted to colonize?, answer: North Carolina | question: How many colonies did Raleigh establish on the coast of carolina in 1580?, answer: two
In 1592, and again in 1597, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, aiming to invade China (唐入り) through Korea, mobilized an army of 160,000 peasants and samurai and deployed them to Korea. (See Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea, Chōsen-seibatsu (朝鮮征伐?). Taking advantage of arquebus mastery and extensive wartime experience from the Sengoku period, Japanese samurai armies made major gains in most of Korea. Kato Kiyomasa advanced to Orangkai territory (present-day Manchuria) bordering Korea to the northeast and crossed the border into Manchuria, but withdrew after retaliatory attacks from the Jurchens there, as it was clear he had outpaced the rest of the Japanese invasion force. A few of the more famous samurai generals of this war were Katō Kiyomasa, Konishi Yukinaga, and Shimazu Yoshihiro. Shimazu Yoshihiro led some 7,000 samurai and, despite being heavily outnumbered, defeated a host of allied Ming and Korean forces at the Battle of Sacheon in 1598, near the conclusion of the campaigns. Yoshihiro was feared as Oni-Shimazu ("Shimazu ogre") and his nickname spread across not only Korea but to Ming Dynasty China. In spite of the superiority of Japanese land forces, ultimately the two expeditions failed (though they did devastate the Korean landmass) from factors such as Korean naval superiority (which, led by Admiral Yi Sun-shin, harassed Japanese supply lines continuously throughout the wars, resulting in supply shortages on land), the commitment of sizeable Ming forces to Korea, Korean guerrilla actions, the underestimation of resistance by Japanese commanders (in the first campaign of 1592, Korean defenses on land were caught unprepared, under-trained, and under-armed; they were rapidly overrun, with only a limited number of successfully resistant engagements against the more-experienced and battle-hardened Japanese forces - in the second campaign of 1597, Korean and Ming forces proved to be a far more difficult challenge and, with the support of continued Korean naval superiority, limited Japanese gains to parts southeastern Korea), and wavering Japanese commitment to the campaigns as the wars dragged on. The final death blow to the Japanese campaigns in Korea came with Hideyoshi's death in late 1598 and the recall of all Japanese forces in Korea by the Council of Five Elders (established by Hideyoshi to oversee the transition from his regency to that of his son Hideyori).

question: When did Toyotomi Hideyoshi first send an army to Korea?, answer: 1592 | question: When did Toyotomi Hideyoshi send an army to Korea a second time?, answer: 1597 | question: How many troops did Toyotomi Hideyoshi send to Korea?, answer: 160,000 | question: When was the Battle of Sacheon?, answer: 1598 | question: When did Toyotomi Hideyoshi die?, answer: 1598
In 15–20% of active cases, the infection spreads outside the lungs, causing other kinds of TB. These are collectively denoted as "extrapulmonary tuberculosis". Extrapulmonary TB occurs more commonly in immunosuppressed persons and young children. In those with HIV, this occurs in more than 50% of cases. Notable extrapulmonary infection sites include the pleura (in tuberculous pleurisy), the central nervous system (in tuberculous meningitis), the lymphatic system (in scrofula of the neck), the genitourinary system (in urogenital tuberculosis), and the bones and joints (in Pott disease of the spine), among others. When it spreads to the bones, it is also known as "osseous tuberculosis", a form of osteomyelitis. Sometimes, bursting of a tubercular abscess through skin results in tuberculous ulcer. An ulcer originating from nearby infected lymph nodes is painless, slowly enlarging and has an appearance of "wash leather". A potentially more serious, widespread form of TB is called "disseminated tuberculosis", also known as miliary tuberculosis. Miliary TB makes up about 10% of extrapulmonary cases.

question: What's the medical term for TB when it spreads from the lungs to other parts of the body?, answer: extrapulmonary tuberculosis | question: At least what percentage of HIV-positive patients who contract TB will experience extrapulmonary infection?, answer: 50% | question: What's the other name for "disseminated tuberculosis"?, answer: miliary tuberculosis | question: Along with people with diminished immune function, like HIV patients, what group of people is more likely to develop extrapulmonary TB?, answer: young children | question: If TB infection spreads to the central nervous system, what is it called?, answer: tuberculous meningitis
In 1603, James VI, King of Scots, ascended (as James I) to the English throne and in 1604 negotiated the Treaty of London, ending hostilities with Spain. Now at peace with its main rival, English attention shifted from preying on other nations' colonial infrastructures to the business of establishing its own overseas colonies. The British Empire began to take shape during the early 17th century, with the English settlement of North America and the smaller islands of the Caribbean, and the establishment of private companies, most notably the English East India Company, to administer colonies and overseas trade. This period, until the loss of the Thirteen Colonies after the American War of Independence towards the end of the 18th century, has subsequently been referred to by some historians as the "First British Empire".

question: What was James I's name/title before taking the English throne?, answer: James VI, King of Scots | question: When did James I negotiate the Treaty of London?, answer: 1604 | question: Which country did England negotiate the Treaty of London with?, answer: Spain | question: In what century did the English East India Company form?, answer: 17th | question: What period ended towards the end of the 18th century?, answer: the "First British Empire"
In 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) "that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the King was greatly offended, and said, that then he should be under the law, which was treason to affirm, as he said; to which I said, that Bracton saith, quod Rex non debed esse sub homine, sed sub Deo et lege (That the King ought not to be under any man but under God and the law.)."

question: To what did English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke compare the law?, answer: golden met-wand | question: According to English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke, what should Kings follow?, answer: God and the law | question: When did English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke speak in the Case of Prohibitions?, answer: 1607 | question: How did the king feel about what was said in the Case of Prohibitions?, answer: greatly offended | question: What was Edward Coke's official title?, answer: Chief Justice Sir
In 1609, while still there, Smyth wrote a tract titled "The Character of the Beast," or "The False Constitution of the Church." In it he expressed two propositions: first, infants are not to be baptized; and second, "Antichristians converted are to be admitted into the true Church by baptism." Hence, his conviction was that a scriptural church should consist only of regenerate believers who have been baptized on a personal confession of faith. He rejected the Separatist movement's doctrine of infant baptism (paedobaptism). Shortly thereafter, Smyth left the group, and layman Thomas Helwys took over the leadership, leading the church back to England in 1611. Ultimately, Smyth became committed to believers' baptism as the only biblical baptism. He was convinced on the basis of his interpretation of Scripture that infants would not be damned should they die in infancy.

question: Smyth wrote a tract titled what?, answer: "The Character of the Beast," or "The False Constitution of the Church." | question: What was his first proposition?, answer: infants are not to be baptized | question: What was his second proposition?, answer: Antichristians converted are to be admitted into the true Church by baptism | question: Smyth believed a scriptural church should consist only of regenerate believers who have been what?, answer: baptized on a personal confession of faith | question: What is paedobaptism?, answer: infant baptism
In 1610, all but three of the survivors of the Sea Venture sailed on to Jamestown. Among them was John Rolfe, whose wife and child died and were buried in Bermuda. Later in Jamestown he married Pocahontas, a daughter of the powerful Powhatan, leader of a large confederation of about 30 Algonquian-speaking tribes in coastal Virginia. In 1612, the English began intentional settlement of Bermuda with the arrival of the ship Plough. St. George's was settled that year and designated as Bermuda's first capital. It is the oldest continually inhabited English town in the New World.

question: Who was one of the original survivor's to sail on to Jamestown., answer: John Rolfe | question: What is one of the main things John Rolfe is known for?, answer: married Pocahontas | question: When did the English begin their intentional settlement of Bermuda?, answer: 1612, | question: What is St. George credited with?, answer: oldest continually inhabited English town in the New World.
In 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colony's first governor, John Winthrop, led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history; America's first public school was founded in Boston in 1635. Over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their native allies in North America. Boston was the largest town in British North America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid 18th century.

question: What year was the Cambridge Agreement signed?, answer: 1629 | question: America's first public school was founded in Boston in what year?, answer: 1635 | question: Who was Massachusetts first governor?, answer: John Winthrop | question: How many french and Indian wars did Boston participate in?, answer: four | question: Who led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement?, answer: John Winthrop
In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Malaccan straits by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and Dutch East India Company (VOC) entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries.

question: Name the wars that was caused by the intense competition between the EIC and Dutch East India Company, answer: Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries | question: what caused the Dutch to expand thier spice trade in the malaccan straits?, answer: ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41 | question: How important were cotton, silk, indigo dye,saltpetre and tea to the company?, answer: The company's mainstay business | question: what year did the Mughal emperor completely wave customs duities?, answer: 1717 | question: who did the Mughal emperor extend hospitality to?, answer: English traders | question: what region was made available to english traders by the Mughal emperor?, answer: Bengal | question: in 1717 what made the region of Bengal so appealing to English traders?, answer: waived customs duties | question: why type of dye was one of the East India company's main products?, answer: indigo dye | question: Who were the main competitors that had a monopoly of the spice trade in Malaccan?, answer: The Dutch | question: what wars was a result of the competitive nature of the mulitple trading companies in the 17th and 18th centuries?, answer: Anglo-Dutch Wars