lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Many people from Strasbourg were incorporated in the German Army against their will, and were sent to the eastern front, those young men and women were called Malgré-nous. Many tried to escape from the incorporation, join the French Resistance, or desert the Wehrmacht but many couldn't because they were running the risk of having their families sent to work or concentration camps by the Germans. Many of these men, especially those who did not answer the call immediately, were pressured to "volunteer" for service with the SS, often by direct threats on their families. This threat obliged the majority of them to remain in the German army. After the war, the few that survived were often accused of being traitors or collaborationists, because this tough situation was not known in the rest of France, and they had to face the incomprehension of many. In July 1944, 1500 malgré-nous were released from Soviet captivity and sent to Algiers, where they joined the Free French Forces. Nowadays history recognizes the suffering of those people, and museums, public discussions and memorials have been built to commemorate this terrible period of history of this part of Eastern France (Alsace and Moselle). Liberation of Strasbourg took place on 23 November 1944.

question: What were the men and women sent to the eastern front against their will called?, answer: Malgré-nous | question: Who sent deserters families to concentration camps?, answer: Germans | question: Where were the freed soviet captives sent?, answer: Algiers | question: When did the liberation of Strasbourg take place?, answer: 23 November 1944
Many people gain a sense of positive self-esteem from their identity groups, which furthers a sense of community and belonging. Another issue that researchers have attempted to address is the question of why people engage in discrimination, i.e., why they tend to favor those they consider a part of their "in-group" over those considered to be outsiders. Both questions have been given extensive attention by researchers working in the social identity tradition. For example, in work relating to social identity theory it has been shown that merely crafting cognitive distinction between in- and out-groups can lead to subtle effects on people's evaluations of others (Cote & Levine 2002).

question: What do many people gain from their identity groups?, answer: a sense of positive self-esteem | question: People favoring those in their group over outsiders, is an example of what?, answer: discrimination | question: Belonging and discrimination are both important to researchers working in what tradition?, answer: the social identity tradition | question: Distinction between in and out groups has been shown to affect people's evaluations of others in work related to what?, answer: social identity theory
Many pesticides can be grouped into chemical families. Prominent insecticide families include organochlorines, organophosphates, and carbamates. Organochlorine hydrocarbons (e.g., DDT) could be separated into dichlorodiphenylethanes, cyclodiene compounds, and other related compounds. They operate by disrupting the sodium/potassium balance of the nerve fiber, forcing the nerve to transmit continuously. Their toxicities vary greatly, but they have been phased out because of their persistence and potential to bioaccumulate.:239–240 Organophosphate and carbamates largely replaced organochlorines. Both operate through inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, allowing acetylcholine to transfer nerve impulses indefinitely and causing a variety of symptoms such as weakness or paralysis. Organophosphates are quite toxic to vertebrates, and have in some cases been replaced by less toxic carbamates.:136–137 Thiocarbamate and dithiocarbamates are subclasses of carbamates. Prominent families of herbicides include phenoxy and benzoic acid herbicides (e.g. 2,4-D), triazines (e.g., atrazine), ureas (e.g., diuron), and Chloroacetanilides (e.g., alachlor). Phenoxy compounds tend to selectively kill broad-leaf weeds rather than grasses. The phenoxy and benzoic acid herbicides function similar to plant growth hormones, and grow cells without normal cell division, crushing the plant's nutrient transport system.:300 Triazines interfere with photosynthesis.:335 Many commonly used pesticides are not included in these families, including glyphosate.

question: Organochlorine hydrocarbons effect what balance of the nerve fiber?, answer: sodium/potassium | question: Why was the use of organochlorine hydrocarbons ended?, answer: because of their persistence and potential to bioaccumulate | question: What type of herbicide selectively kills broad leef weeds?, answer: Phenoxy compounds | question: What essential plan funtion is interrupted by triazines?, answer: photosynthesis | question: Organophospates and carbamates cause which symptoms?, answer: weakness or paralysis
Many popular museums, such as the San Diego Museum of Art, the San Diego Natural History Museum, the San Diego Museum of Man, the Museum of Photographic Arts, and the San Diego Air & Space Museum are located in Balboa Park, which is also the location of the San Diego Zoo. The Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego (MCASD) is located in La Jolla and has a branch located at the Santa Fe Depot downtown. The downtown branch consists of two building on two opposite streets. The Columbia district downtown is home to historic ship exhibits belonging to the San Diego Maritime Museum, headlined by the Star of India, as well as the unrelated San Diego Aircraft Carrier Museum featuring the USS Midway aircraft carrier.

question: What museum has a branch at the Santa Fe Depot?, answer: Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego (MCASD) | question: In what district can historic ship exhibits be found?, answer: Columbia district downtown | question: Where can one find the San Diego Zoo?, answer: Balboa Park | question: Which museum houses the USS Midway aircraft carrier?, answer: San Diego Aircraft Carrier Museum | question: What space-focused museum is in Balboa Park?, answer: San Diego Air & Space Museum
Many pre-Columbian civilizations established characteristics and hallmarks which included permanent or urban settlements, agriculture, civic and monumental architecture, and complex societal hierarchies. Some of these civilizations had long faded by the time of the first significant European and African arrivals (ca. late 15th–early 16th centuries), and are known only through oral history and through archaeological investigations. Others were contemporary with this period, and are also known from historical accounts of the time. A few, such as the Mayan, Olmec, Mixtec, and Nahua peoples, had their own written records. However, the European colonists of the time worked to eliminate non-Christian beliefs, and Christian pyres destroyed many pre-Columbian written records. Only a few documents remained hidden and survived, leaving contemporary historians with glimpses of ancient culture and knowledge.

question: Urban settlements and complex societal hierarchies are just some of the hallmarks established by which civilizations?, answer: pre-Columbian | question: What had long faded prior to the first European and African arrivals?, answer: Some of these civilizations | question: How do we know about some of the civilizations that were gone by the time of European arrival?, answer: oral history and through archaeological investigations | question: What did European colonists destroy on their pyres?, answer: written records | question: What gave today's historians a glimpse of the culture and knowledge of the indigenous civilizations?, answer: a few documents
Many prokaryotic genes are organized into operons, with multiple protein-coding sequences that are transcribed as a unit. The products of operon genes typically have related functions and are involved in the same regulatory network.:7.3

question: What are most prokaryotic genes organized into?, answer: operons | question: What are multiple protein coding sequences transcribed as?, answer: a unit | question: What sort of functions do the products of operon genes typically have?, answer: related functions | question: What type of network are the products of operon genes typically involved with?, answer: the same regulatory network | question: What type of coding sequences do prokaryotic genes typically have?, answer: multiple protein-coding sequences
Many public high schools are located in the borough including the elite Bronx High School of Science, Celia Cruz Bronx High School of Music, DeWitt Clinton High School, High School for Violin and Dance, Bronx Leadership Academy 2, Bronx International High School, the School for Excellence, the Morris Academy for Collaborative Study, Wings Academy for young adults, The Bronx School for Law, Government and Justice, Validus Preparatory Academy, The Eagle Academy For Young Men, Bronx Expeditionary Learning High School, Bronx Academy of Letters, Herbert H. Lehman High School and High School of American Studies. The Bronx is also home to three of New York City's most prestigious private, secular schools: Fieldston, Horace Mann, and Riverdale Country School.

question: Which of NYC's prestigious nonreligious private schools are in the Bronx?, answer: Fieldston, Horace Mann, and Riverdale Country School | question: Where is the Validus Prepatory Academy?, answer: The Bronx | question: Where is the High School for Violin and Dance?, answer: The Bronx | question: Where is the School for Excellence?, answer: The Bronx | question: Where is the DeWitt Clinton High School?, answer: The Bronx
Many pubs were drinking establishments, and little emphasis was placed on the serving of food, other than sandwiches and "bar snacks", such as pork scratchings, pickled eggs, salted crisps and peanuts which helped to increase beer sales. In South East England (especially London) it was common until recent times for vendors selling cockles, whelks, mussels, and other shellfish to sell to customers during the evening and at closing time. Many mobile shellfish stalls would set up near pubs, a practice that continues in London's East End. Otherwise, pickled cockles and mussels may be offered by the pub in jars or packets.

question: Pork scratchings, pickled eggs and salted crisps are examples of what type of food?, answer: bar snacks | question: In London, what food vendors could often be found near pubs?, answer: mobile shellfish stalls | question: In what section of London can mobile shellfish stalls still be found today?, answer: East End | question: What seafood can often be purchased in jars at pubs?, answer: pickled cockles and mussels
Many regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–1933: Volga; Central Black Soil Region; North Caucasus; the Urals; the Crimea; part of Western Siberia; and the Kazak ASSR. With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on December 5, 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR were transformed into the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics. The Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic was transferred to the Uzbek SSR.

question: During what span was there a famine in the Soviet Union?, answer: 1932–1933 | question: What document was ratified on December 5, 1936?, answer: the 1936 Soviet Constitution | question: What were the Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR renamed per the 1936 Soviet Constitution?, answer: the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics | question: What republic did the Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic become a part of?, answer: the Uzbek SSR | question: What effect did the 1936 Soviet Constitution have on the size of the Russia?, answer: reduced
Many religions are practised in Myanmar. Religious edifices and orders have been in existence for many years. Festivals can be held on a grand scale. The Christian and Muslim populations do, however, face religious persecution and it is hard, if not impossible, for non-Buddhists to join the army or get government jobs, the main route to success in the country. Such persecution and targeting of civilians is particularly notable in Eastern Myanmar, where over 3000 villages have been destroyed in the past ten years. More than 200,000 Muslims have fled to Bangladesh over the last 20 years to escape Islamophobic persecution.

question: Does Burma have more than one religion ?, answer: Many religions are practised in Myanmar | question: Are public displays allowed for the celebration of religion in Myanmar ?, answer: Festivals can be held on a grand scale. | question: Are all welcomed to practice faith openly in Burma, answer: Christian and Muslim populations do, however, face religious persecution | question: Can anyone in Burma Join the military forces in Burma ?, answer: it is hard, if not impossible, for non-Buddhists to join the army | question: What are the best routes for career achievement in Burma ?, answer: join the army or get government jobs, the main route to success in the country.
Many rodents such as voles live underground. Marmots live almost exclusively above the tree line as high as 2,700 m (8,858 ft). They hibernate in large groups to provide warmth, and can be found in all areas of the Alps, in large colonies they build beneath the alpine pastures. Golden eagles and bearded vultures are the largest birds to be found in the Alps; they nest high on rocky ledges and can be found at altitudes of 2,400 m (7,874 ft). The most common bird is the alpine chough which can be found scavenging at climber's huts or at the Jungfraujoch, a high altitude tourist destination.

question: Where do many rodents live?, answer: underground | question: Where do Marmots live?, answer: almost exclusively above the tree line as high as 2,700 m (8,858 ft) | question: Where do marmots build their colonies?, answer: beneath the alpine pastures | question: What is the most common bird found in the Alps?, answer: the alpine chough
Many scholars (including Makdisi) have argued that early medieval universities were influenced by the religious madrasahs in Al-Andalus, the Emirate of Sicily, and the Middle East (during the Crusades). Other scholars see this argument as overstated. Lowe and Yasuhara have recently drawn on the well-documented influences of scholarship from the Islamic world on the universities of Western Europe to call for a reconsideration of the development of higher education, turning away from a concern with local institutional structures to a broader consideration within a global context.

question: Madrasas in which specific location are said to have guided the formation of medieval universities?, answer: Al-Andalus | question: Some scholars think that universities come from what, rather than solely local influences?, answer: a global context | question: Al-Andalus was an Emirate of which entity?, answer: Sicily | question: During what notable Middle East conflict is it believed by some that Universities received influence from madrasas?, answer: the Crusades
Many scripts, including Arabic and Devanagari, have special orthographic rules that require certain combinations of letterforms to be combined into special ligature forms. The rules governing ligature formation can be quite complex, requiring special script-shaping technologies such as ACE (Arabic Calligraphic Engine by DecoType in the 1980s and used to generate all the Arabic examples in the printed editions of the Unicode Standard), which became the proof of concept for OpenType (by Adobe and Microsoft), Graphite (by SIL International), or AAT (by Apple).

question: What does ACE stand for?, answer: Arabic Calligraphic Engine | question: Who created ACE?, answer: DecoType | question: When was ACE created?, answer: 1980s | question: Who created OpenType?, answer: Adobe and Microsoft | question: Who created Graphite?, answer: SIL International
Many sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measuring oxygen saturation. Some flatbed scanners use arrays of RGB LEDs rather than the typical cold-cathode fluorescent lamp as the light source. Having independent control of three illuminated colors allows the scanner to calibrate itself for more accurate color balance, and there is no need for warm-up. Further, its sensors only need be monochromatic, since at any one time the page being scanned is only lit by one color of light. Since LEDs can also be used as photodiodes, they can be used for both photo emission and detection. This could be used, for example, in a touchscreen that registers reflected light from a finger or stylus. Many materials and biological systems are sensitive to, or dependent on, light. Grow lights use LEDs to increase photosynthesis in plants, and bacteria and viruses can be removed from water and other substances using UV LEDs for sterilization.

question: What video game console uses infrared LEDs?, answer: Nintendo Wii | question: What device uses infrared LEDs to measure oxygen saturation?, answer: Pulse oximeters | question: Some flatbed scanners use what type of LED?, answer: RGB LEDs | question: By using LEDs, scanners do not have to what?, answer: warm-up | question: Grow lights use LEDs for what process?, answer: increase photosynthesis in plants
Many sleeping birds bend their heads over their backs and tuck their bills in their back feathers, although others place their beaks among their breast feathers. Many birds rest on one leg, while some may pull up their legs into their feathers, especially in cold weather. Perching birds have a tendon locking mechanism that helps them hold on to the perch when they are asleep. Many ground birds, such as quails and pheasants, roost in trees. A few parrots of the genus Loriculus roost hanging upside down. Some hummingbirds go into a nightly state of torpor accompanied with a reduction of their metabolic rates. This physiological adaptation shows in nearly a hundred other species, including owlet-nightjars, nightjars, and woodswallows. One species, the common poorwill, even enters a state of hibernation. Birds do not have sweat glands, but they may cool themselves by moving to shade, standing in water, panting, increasing their surface area, fluttering their throat or by using special behaviours like urohidrosis to cool themselves.

question: These types of birds have a tendon locking mechanism., answer: Perching birds | question: Where do many ground birds, such as quails and pheasants, roost?, answer: in trees | question: A few parrots of what genus roost hanging upside down?, answer: Loriculus | question: What type of birds go into a nightly state of torpor?, answer: Some hummingbirds | question: Birds do not have what type of glands:?, answer: sweat
Many smaller clans mentioned within early literature seem to have been present across the rest of the subcontinent. Some of these kings were hereditary; other states elected their rulers. Early "republics" such as the Vajji (or Vriji) confederation centered in the city of Vaishali, existed as early as the 6th century BCE and persisted in some areas until the 4th century CE. The educated speech at that time was Sanskrit, while the languages of the general population of northern India are referred to as Prakrits. Many of the sixteen kingdoms had coalesced to four major ones by 500/400 BCE, by the time of Gautama Buddha. These four were Vatsa, Avanti, Kosala, and Magadha. The Life of Gautam Budhha was mainly associated with these four kingdoms.

question: Where was the Vajji confederation located?, answer: Vaishali | question: How early did the small republic states exist in India?, answer: 6th century BCE | question: Until what century did the republic states endure in India?, answer: 4th century CE | question: In what language did the educated Indian speak?, answer: Sanskrit | question: What was the general population's common language ?, answer: Prakrits
Many social scientists have replaced the word race with the word "ethnicity" to refer to self-identifying groups based on beliefs concerning shared culture, ancestry and history. Alongside empirical and conceptual problems with "race", following the Second World War, evolutionary and social scientists were acutely aware of how beliefs about race had been used to justify discrimination, apartheid, slavery, and genocide. This questioning gained momentum in the 1960s during the U.S. civil rights movement and the emergence of numerous anti-colonial movements worldwide. They thus came to believe that race itself is a social construct, a concept that was believed to correspond to an objective reality but which was believed in because of its social functions.

question: What word do many social scientists instead of race?, answer: ethnicity | question: What had been used to justify discrimination, apartheid, slavery and genocide in WWII?, answer: beliefs about race | question: When did the civil rights movement take place?, answer: the 1960s | question: What movement gained momentum worldwide in the 60's?, answer: anti-colonial | question: What type of reality do some believe race is a social construct corresponding to?, answer: objective
Many solar photovoltaic power stations have been built, mainly in Europe. As of July 2012, the largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants in the world are the Agua Caliente Solar Project (USA, 247 MW), Charanka Solar Park (India, 214 MW), Golmud Solar Park (China, 200 MW), Perovo Solar Park (Russia 100 MW), Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant (Canada, 97 MW), Brandenburg-Briest Solarpark (Germany 91 MW), Solarpark Finow Tower (Germany 84.7 MW), Montalto di Castro Photovoltaic Power Station (Italy, 84.2 MW), Eggebek Solar Park (Germany 83.6 MW), Senftenberg Solarpark (Germany 82 MW), Finsterwalde Solar Park (Germany, 80.7 MW), Okhotnykovo Solar Park (Russia, 80 MW), Lopburi Solar Farm (Thailand 73.16 MW), Rovigo Photovoltaic Power Plant (Italy, 72 MW), and the Lieberose Photovoltaic Park (Germany, 71.8 MW).

question: Where have the majority of photovoltaic power stations been built?, answer: Europe | question: Where is Charanka Solar Park?, answer: India | question: Where is the Agua Caliente Solar Project located?, answer: USA
Many species of birds are economically important. Domesticated and undomesticated birds (poultry and game) are important sources of eggs, meat, and feathers. Songbirds, parrots, and other species are popular as pets. Guano (bird excrement) is harvested for use as a fertilizer. Birds prominently figure throughout human culture. About 120–130 species have become extinct due to human activity since the 17th century, and hundreds more before then. Human activity threatens about 1,200 bird species with extinction, though efforts are underway to protect them. Recreational birdwatching is an important part of the ecotourism industry.

question: Which birds are popular as pets?, answer: Songbirds, parrots | question: What is guano?, answer: bird excrement | question: What is the name of bird excrement?, answer: Guano | question: What is harvested for use as fertilizer?, answer: Guano | question: How many species of birds have become extinct as a result of human activity?, answer: 120–130