lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Due to the centralisation of power and the Viking invasions, there is relatively little written record of the non-Wessex dialects after Alfred's unification. Some Mercian texts continued to be written, however, and the influence of Mercian is apparent in some of the translations produced under Alfred's programme, many of which were produced by Mercian scholars. Other dialects certainly continued to be spoken, as is evidenced by the continued variation between their successors in Middle and Modern English. In fact, what would become the standard forms of Middle English and of Modern English are descended from Mercian rather than West Saxon, while Scots developed from the Northumbrian dialect. It was once claimed that, owing to its position at the heart of the Kingdom of Wessex, the relics of Anglo-Saxon accent, idiom and vocabulary were best preserved in the dialect of Somerset.

question: From what Old English dialect is the standard for of Modern English descended?, answer: Mercian | question: From what Old English dialect did Scots derive?, answer: Northumbrian | question: Along with centralization, what reason is given for the lack of records in non-Wessex dialects after the unification of Alfred?, answer: the Viking invasions | question: What modern dialect is sometimes regarded as being similar to that of the historical Kingdom of Wessex?, answer: Somerset
Due to the chemical composition of the pentose residues of the bases, DNA strands have directionality. One end of a DNA polymer contains an exposed hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose; this is known as the 3' end of the molecule. The other end contains an exposed phosphate group; this is the 5' end. The two strands of a double-helix run in opposite directions. Nucleic acid synthesis, including DNA replication and transcription occurs in the 5'→3' direction, because new nucleotides are added via a dehydration reaction that uses the exposed 3' hydroxyl as a nucleophile.:27.2

question: What causes the directionality of DNA strands?, answer: the chemical composition of the pentose residues of the bases | question: What is known as the 3' end?, answer: an exposed hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose | question: What is known as the 5' end?, answer: an exposed phosphate group | question: What type of synthesis occurs in the 5'→3' direction?, answer: Nucleic acid synthesis | question: Why does DNA replication and transcription occur in the 5'→3' direction?, answer: because new nucleotides are added via a dehydration reaction that uses the exposed 3' hydroxyl as a nucleophile
Due to the expansion of trade and its geographical proximity, Kiev became the most important trade centre and chief among the communes; therefore the leader of Kiev gained political "control" over the surrounding areas. This princedom emerged from a coalition of traditional patriarchic family communes banded together in an effort to increase the applicable workforce and expand the productivity of the land. This union developed the first major cities in the Rus' and was the first notable form of self-government. As these communes became larger, the emphasis was taken off the family holdings and placed on the territory that surrounded. This shift in ideology became known as the verv'.

question: How did the leader of Kiev gain political control?, answer: Due to the expansion of trade | question: From what did this new princedom emerge from?, answer: from a coalition of traditional patriarchic family communes | question: What type of government came from the coalition of traditional patriachic family?, answer: first notable form of self-government
Due to the inter-communal ethnic tensions between 1963 and 1974, an island-wide census was regarded as impossible. Nevertheless, the Greek Cypriots conducted one in 1973, without the Turkish Cypriot populace. According to this census, the Greek Cypriot population was 482,000. One year later, in 1974, the Cypriot government's Department of Statistics and Research estimated the total population of Cyprus at 641,000; of whom 506,000 (78.9%) were Greeks, and 118,000 (18.4%) Turkish. After the partition of the island in 1974, Greeks conducted four more censuses: in 1976, 1982, 1992 and 2001; these excluded the Turkish population which was resident in the northern part of the island.

question: What was the number of Greek Cypriots on Cyprus in 1973?, answer: 482,000 | question: What did the Cypriot government find was the Greek population on Cyprus?, answer: 506,000 (78.9%) | question: What did the Cypriot government find was the Turkish population on Cyprus?, answer: 118,000 (18.4%) | question: In what years did the Greeks conduct extra censuses?, answer: 1976, 1982, 1992 and 2001 | question: Who was excluded from the censuses conducted by the Greeks?, answer: the Turkish population
Due to the lack of success lately on the international level, in recent years, Armenia has rebuilt 16 Soviet-era sports schools and furnished them with new equipment for a total cost of $1.9 million. The rebuilding of the regional schools was financed by the Armenian government. $9.3 million has been invested in the resort town of Tsaghkadzor to improve the winter sports infrastructure because of dismal performances at recent winter sports events. In 2005, a cycling center was opened in Yerevan with the aim of helping produce world class Armenian cyclists. The government has also promised a cash reward of $700,000 to Armenians who win a gold medal at the Olympics.

question: Who provided the funds to rebuild the Armenian sports schools?, answer: the Armenian government | question: What year did Yerevan create a cyclying center?, answer: 2005 | question: What prize do Armenians receive from the government if they win a gold medal?, answer: $700,000 | question: How much money was spent to revamp Tsaghkadzor for winter sports?, answer: $9.3 million | question: How much did Armenia spend to fix up their sports schools?, answer: $1.9 million
Due to the legitimate role that referees play in wrestling of serving as liaison between the bookers backstage and the wrestlers in the ring (the role of being a final arbitrator is merely kayfabe), the referee is present, even in matches that do not at first glance appear to require a referee (such as a ladder match, as it is no holds barred, and the criteria for victory could theoretically be assessed from afar). Although their actions are also frequently scripted for dramatic effect, referees are subject to certain general rules and requirements in order to maintain the theatrical appearance of unbiased authority. The most basic rule is that an action must be seen by a referee to be declared for a fall or disqualification. This allows for heel characters to gain a scripted advantage by distracting or disabling the referee in order to perform some ostensibly illegal maneuver on their opponent. Most referees are unnamed and essentially anonymous, though the WWE has let their officials reveal their names.

question: What determines how the referee acts?, answer: their actions are also frequently scripted for dramatic effect | question: What is a common rule about referees?, answer: The most basic rule is that an action must be seen by a referee to be declared for a fall or disqualification. | question: What are referees called?, answer: Most referees are unnamed and essentially anonymous, though the WWE has let their officials reveal their names. | question: How can a wrestler gain an advantage by using a referee?, answer: distracting or disabling the referee in order to perform some ostensibly illegal maneuver on their opponent.
Due to the often political and cultural contours of blackness in the United States, the notion of blackness can also be extended to non-black people. Toni Morrison once described Bill Clinton as the first black President of the United States, because, as she put it, he displayed "almost every trope of blackness". Christopher Hitchens was offended by the notion of Clinton as the first black president, noting, "Mr Clinton, according to Toni Morrison, the Nobel Prize-winning novelist, is our first black President, the first to come from the broken home, the alcoholic mother, the under-the-bridge shadows of our ranking systems. Thus, we may have lost the mystical power to divine diabolism, but we can still divine blackness by the following symptoms: broken homes, alcoholic mothers, under-the-bridge habits and (presumable from the rest of [Arthur] Miller's senescent musings) the tendency to sexual predation and to shameless perjury about same." Some black activists were also offended, claiming that Clinton used his knowledge of black culture to exploit black people for political gain as no other president had before, while not serving black interests. They cite the lack of action during the Rwandan Genocide and his welfare reform, which Larry Roberts said had led to the worst child poverty since the 1960s. Others cited that the number of black people in jail increased during his administration.

question: Who described Bill Clinton as "Black"?, answer: Toni Morrison | question: Who was offended by Clinton being referred to as black?, answer: Christopher Hitchens | question: Who is Toni Morrison?, answer: Nobel Prize-winning novelist | question: Why were people offended by this comment?, answer: Clinton used his knowledge of black culture to exploit black people for political gain | question: What horrible event was on-going during Clinton's term that made people upset?, answer: Rwandan Genocide
Due to the patriarchal nature of Arab society, Arab men, including during the slave trade in North Africa, enslaved more black women than men. They used more black female slaves in domestic service and agriculture than males. The men interpreted the Qur'an to permit sexual relations between a male master and his female slave outside of marriage (see Ma malakat aymanukum and sex), leading to many mixed-race children. When an enslaved woman became pregnant with her Arab master's child, she was considered as umm walad or "mother of a child", a status that granted her privileged rights. The child was given rights of inheritance to the father's property, so mixed-race children could share in any wealth of the father. Because the society was patrilineal, the children took their fathers' social status at birth and were born free.

question: Who was enslaved more often?, answer: black women | question: What did the Qur'an permit?, answer: sexual relations between a male master and his female slave | question: What were female slaves used for?, answer: domestic service and agriculture | question: What is the term for a pregnant slave?, answer: umm walad | question: What does umm walad mean?, answer: "mother of a child"
Due to the ratio of U.S. and Mexican-licensed stations, San Diego is the largest media market in the United States that is legally unable to support a television station duopoly between two full-power stations under FCC regulations, which disallow duopolies in metropolitan areas with fewer than nine full-power television stations and require that there must be eight unique station owners that remain once a duopoly is formed (there are only seven full-power stations on the California side of the San Diego-Tijuana market).[citation needed] Though the E. W. Scripps Company owns KGTV and KZSD-LP, they are not considered a duopoly under the FCC's legal definition as common ownership between full-power and low-power television stations in the same market is permitted regardless to the number of stations licensed to the area. As a whole, the Mexico side of the San Diego-Tijuana market has two duopolies and one triopoly (Entravision Communications owns both XHAS-TV and XHDTV-TV, Azteca owns XHJK-TV and XHTIT-TV, and Grupo Televisa owns XHUAA-TV and XHWT-TV along with being the license holder for XETV-TV, which is run by California-based subsidiary Bay City Television).

question: How many duopolies does the Mexico side of San Diego-Tijuana have?, answer: two | question: What two stations are owned by Azteca?, answer: XHJK-TV and XHTIT-TV | question: What company owns XHDTV-TV and XHAS-TV?, answer: Entravision Communications | question: Which station is ran by Bay City Television?, answer: XETV-TV
Due to the top secret nature of the work, Los Alamos was isolated. In Feynman's own words, "There wasn't anything to do there." Bored, he indulged his curiosity by learning to pick the combination locks on cabinets and desks used to secure papers. Feynman played many jokes on colleagues. In one case he found the combination to a locked filing cabinet by trying the numbers he thought a physicist would use (it proved to be 27–18–28 after the base of natural logarithms, e = 2.71828...), and found that the three filing cabinets where a colleague kept a set of atomic bomb research notes all had the same combination. He left a series of notes in the cabinets as a prank, which initially spooked his colleague, Frederic de Hoffmann, into thinking a spy or saboteur had gained access to atomic bomb secrets. On several occasions, Feynman drove to Albuquerque to see his ailing wife in a car borrowed from Klaus Fuchs, who was later discovered to be a real spy for the Soviets, transporting nuclear secrets in his car to Santa Fe.

question: Feynman quickly bored of Los Alamos because the work was all kept __?, answer: top secret | question: How did Feynman spook a colleague?, answer: left a series of notes in the cabinets | question: What did Frederic de Hoffmann think had happened when he found these notes?, answer: saboteur had gained access to atomic bomb secrets | question: Feynman visited his wife in which New Mexico city?, answer: Albuquerque | question: Feynman borrowed a car from Klaus Fuchs, who was later found to be a what?, answer: spy for the Soviets
Due to the tree structure of the filter bank, pre-echo problems are made worse, as the combined impulse response of the two filter banks does not, and cannot, provide an optimum solution in time/frequency resolution. Additionally, the combining of the two filter banks' outputs creates aliasing problems that must be handled partially by the "aliasing compensation" stage; however, that creates excess energy to be coded in the frequency domain, thereby decreasing coding efficiency.[citation needed]

question: What kind of structure does a filter bank have?, answer: tree | question: Due to a specific kind of structure, what kind of problems are made worse?, answer: pre-echo problems | question: What kind of resolution are the filter banks unable to provide an optimal solution for?, answer: time/frequency | question: Combining two filter banks' outputs creates what kind of problem?, answer: aliasing | question: The need to code excess energy in the frequency domain decreases what kind of efficiency?, answer: coding
Due to the work nature of airline pilots, who often cross several timezones and regions of sunlight and darkness in one day, and spend many hours awake both day and night, they are often unable to maintain sleep patterns that correspond to the natural human circadian rhythm; this situation can easily lead to fatigue. The NTSB cites this as contributing to many accidents[unreliable medical source?] and has conducted several research studies in order to find methods of combating fatigue in pilots.

question: Whose work habits and environment prevents them from maintaining a regular sleep pattern?, answer: airline pilots | question: What can the lack of regular sleep patterns cause?, answer: fatigue | question: What organizations cites this disruption of sleep patterns as a cause of accidents?, answer: NTSB | question: What has the NTSB conducted to find the cause of pilot fatigue?, answer: research studies | question: Of what does the NTSB want to find a means of doing?, answer: combating fatigue
Dumbwaiters are small freight elevators that are intended to carry food, books or other small freight loads rather than passengers. They often connect kitchens to rooms on other floors. they usually do not have the same safety features found in passenger elevators, like various ropes for redundancy. they have a lower capacity, and they can be up to 1 meter (3 ft.) tall. there's a control panel at every stop, that mimics the ones found in passenger elevators, like calling, door control, floor selection.

question: What are small freight elevators used for things such as food, called?, answer: Dumbwaiters | question: What rooms are dumbwaiters frequently used in?, answer: They often connect kitchens to rooms on other floors | question: What is a safety feature found in passenger elevators they generally do not have?, answer: various ropes for redundancy | question: What is the height restriction on dumbwaiters?, answer: they can be up to 1 meter (3 ft.) tall | question: What features do they have that mimic passenger elevators?, answer: calling, door control, floor selection
Dunn and Dunn focused on identifying relevant stimuli that may influence learning and manipulating the school environment, at about the same time as Joseph Renzulli recommended varying teaching strategies. Howard Gardner identified a wide range of modalities in his Multiple Intelligences theories. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and Keirsey Temperament Sorter, based on the works of Jung, focus on understanding how people's personality affects the way they interact personally, and how this affects the way individuals respond to each other within the learning environment. The work of David Kolb and Anthony Gregorc's Type Delineator follows a similar but more simplified approach.

question: Who focused on identifying stimuli that can influence learning?, answer: Dunn | question: Who also along with Dunn recommended other teaching studies?, answer: Joseph Renzulli | question: Who created the Type Delineator?, answer: David Kolb and Anthony Gregorc's
During 1889, Thomas Edison had business interests in many electricity-related companies: Edison Lamp Company, a lamp manufacturer in East Newark, New Jersey; Edison Machine Works, a manufacturer of dynamos and large electric motors in Schenectady, New York; Bergmann & Company, a manufacturer of electric lighting fixtures, sockets, and other electric lighting devices; and Edison Electric Light Company, the patent-holding company and the financial arm backed by J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family for Edison's lighting experiments. In 1889, Drexel, Morgan & Co., a company founded by J.P. Morgan and Anthony J. Drexel, financed Edison's research and helped merge those companies under one corporation to form Edison General Electric Company which was incorporated in New York on April 24, 1889. The new company also acquired Sprague Electric Railway & Motor Company in the same year.

question: What was the name of the lamp manufacturer in East Newark which Thomas Edison an interest in?, answer: Edison Lamp Company | question: Where was Edison Machine Works located?, answer: Schenectady, New York | question: Who provided financial backing for the Edison Lighting Company?, answer: J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family | question: In what year did Drexel, Morgan & Co. begin to finance Edison's research and form Edison General Electric Company?, answer: 1889 | question: What was the name of the company that held the patents from Edison's research?, answer: Edison Electric Light Company
During 1951, George VI's health declined and Elizabeth frequently stood in for him at public events. When she toured Canada and visited President Harry S. Truman in Washington, D.C., in October 1951, her private secretary, Martin Charteris, carried a draft accession declaration in case the King died while she was on tour. In early 1952, Elizabeth and Philip set out for a tour of Australia and New Zealand by way of Kenya. On 6 February 1952, they had just returned to their Kenyan home, Sagana Lodge, after a night spent at Treetops Hotel, when word arrived of the death of the King and consequently Elizabeth's immediate accession to the throne. Philip broke the news to the new Queen. Martin Charteris asked her to choose a regnal name; she chose to remain Elizabeth, "of course". She was proclaimed queen throughout her realms and the royal party hastily returned to the United Kingdom. She and the Duke of Edinburgh moved into Buckingham Palace.

question: What was the state of George VI's health during 1951?, answer: health declined | question: On what date did Elizabeth's father, King George VI, die?, answer: 6 February 1952 | question: In what country was Elizabeth when George VI died?, answer: Kenya
During 1976, Queen played one of their most famous gigs, a free concert in Hyde Park, London. A concert organised by the entrepreneur Richard Branson, it set an attendance record with 150,000 people confirmed in the audience. On 1 December 1976, Queen were the intended guests on London's early evening Today programme, but they pulled out at the last-minute, which saw their late replacement on the show, EMI labelmate the Sex Pistols, give their seminal interview. During the A Day at the Races Tour in 1977, Queen performed sold-out shows at Madison Square Garden, New York, in February, and Earls Court, London, in June.

question: Where did Queen host a free concert in 1976?, answer: Hyde Park, London | question: Who organized a free concert by Queen in 1976?, answer: Richard Branson | question: How many people helped Queen set a 1976 attendance record?, answer: 150,000 | question: Which US venue did Queen sell out in 1977?, answer: Madison Square Garden | question: Which British venue did Queen sell out in 1977?, answer: Earls Court
During 2009, the federal government enacted new legislation repealing the Canada Corporations Act, Part II - the Canada Not-for-Profit Corporations Act. This Act was last amended on 10 October 2011 and the act was current till 4 March 2013. It allows for incorporation as of right, by Articles of Incorporation; does away with the ultra vires doctrine for nonprofits; establishes them as legal persons; and substantially updates the governance provisions for nonprofits. Ontario also overhauled its legislation, adopting the Ontario Not-for-Profit Corporations Act during 2010; pending the outcome of an anticipated election during October 2011,[dated info] the new Act is expected to be in effect as of 1 July 2013.

question: When was the Canada Corporations Act, Part II repealed?, answer: 2009 | question: What did the creation of the Canada Not-for-Profit Corporations Act mean for NPOs?, answer: incorporation as of right, by Articles of Incorporation | question: When did Ontario adopt the Canada Not-for-Profit Corporations Act?, answer: 2010 | question: When does Ontario expect the Canada Not-for-Profits Corpaoations Act to go into effect?, answer: 1 July 2013 | question: When was the Canada Not-for-Profit corporations Act last ammended?, answer: 10 October 2011
During 734 BC the Phoenicians, a sea trading people from the north of ancient Canaan, built a small settlement on the natural harbor of Palermo. Some sources suggest they named the settlement "Ziz." It became one of the three main Phoenician colonies of Sicily, along with Motya and Soluntum. However, the remains of the Phoenician presence in the city are few and mostly preserved in the very populated center of the downtown area, making any excavation efforts costly and logistically difficult. The site chosen by the Phoenicians made it easy to connect the port to the mountains with a straight road that today has become Corso Calatifimi. This road helped the Phoenicians in trading with the populations that lived beyond the mountains that surround the gulf.

question: What did Phoenicans name their settlement in 734BC?, answer: "Ziz." | question: Besides Ziz, what other two major settlements belonged to the Phoenicians, answer: Motya and Soluntum | question: Why cant artifacts from the Phoenicians be easily excavated?, answer: remains of the Phoenician presence in the city are few and mostly preserved in the very populated center of the downtown area | question: What is the current name of the road the Phoenicians used for trading?, answer: Corso Calatifimi