lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Of the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union between 1939 and 1940, the region around Białystok and a minor part of Galicia east of the San river around Przemyśl were returned to the Polish state at the end of World War II. Of all other territories annexed by the USSR in 1939–40, the ones detached from Finland (Karelia, Petsamo), Estonia (Ingrian area and Petseri County) and Latvia (Abrene) remained part of the Russian Federation, the successor state of the Soviet Union, after 1991. Northern Bukovina, Southern Bessarabia and Hertza remain part of Ukraine.

question: The regions of Białystok, Galicia and Przemyśl were returned to what country after world war II?, answer: Polish state | question: What regions remained part of the Soviet Union?, answer: (Karelia, Petsamo), Estonia (Ingrian area and Petseri County) and Latvia (Abrene) remained part of the Russian Federation | question: After World War II, what regions remain part of Ukraine?, answer: Northern Bukovina, Southern Bessarabia and Hertza
Offensive Counterair (OCA) is defined as "offensive operations to destroy, disrupt, or neutralize enemy aircraft, missiles, launch platforms, and their supporting structures and systems both before and after launch, but as close to their source as possible" (JP 1-02). OCA is the preferred method of countering air and missile threats, since it attempts to defeat the enemy closer to its source and typically enjoys the initiative. OCA comprises attack operations, sweep, escort, and suppression/destruction of enemy air defense.

question: What does the abbreviation OCA stand for?, answer: Offensive Counterair | question: What is the function or definition of the OCA according to JP 1-02?, answer: offensive operations to destroy, disrupt, or neutralize enemy aircraft, missiles, launch platforms | question: OCA is the preferred method of defeating what kind of attacks?, answer: air and missile threats | question: What is one of the important functions of the OCA in dealing with attacks?, answer: suppression/destruction of enemy air defense
Officers may be commissioned upon graduation from the United States Air Force Academy, upon graduation from another college or university through the Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFROTC) program, or through the Air Force Officer Training School (OTS). OTS, previously located at Lackland AFB, Texas until 1993 and located at Maxwell Air Force Base in Montgomery, Alabama since 1993, in turn encompasses two separate commissioning programs: Basic Officer Training (BOT), which is for line-officer candidates of the active-duty Air Force and the U.S. Air Force Reserve; and the Academy of Military Science (AMS), which is for line-officer candidates of the Air National Guard. (The term "line officer" derives from the concept of the line of battle and refers to an officer whose role falls somewhere within the "Line of the Air", meaning combat or combat-support operations within the scope of legitimate combatants as defined by the Geneva Conventions.)

question: USAF Officers can be commissioned after graduation from what school?, answer: United States Air Force Academy | question: What is another program that allows officers to become commissioned in the USAF?, answer: Air Force Officer Training School | question: Where is the OTS in the US currently located?, answer: Maxwell Air Force Base in Montgomery, Alabama | question: What is a line officer in the USAF?, answer: concept of the line of battle and refers to an officer whose role falls somewhere within the "Line of the Air" | question: How many commissioning programs does the OTS offer the USAF?, answer: two
Official cults were state funded as a "matter of public interest" (res publica). Non-official but lawful cults were funded by private individuals for the benefit of their own communities. The difference between public and private cult is often unclear. Individuals or collegial associations could offer funds and cult to state deities. The public Vestals prepared ritual substances for use in public and private cults, and held the state-funded (thus public) opening ceremony for the Parentalia festival, which was otherwise a private rite to household ancestors. Some rites of the domus (household) were held in public places but were legally defined as privata in part or whole. All cults were ultimately subject to the approval and regulation of the censor and pontifices.

question: What organization payed for the maintenance official cults?, answer: state | question: Who funded non-official religious cults?, answer: private individuals | question: What group benefited from non- official cults?, answer: own communities | question: What group presented the opening ceremonies of the Parentalia festival?, answer: Vestals | question: What individuals had the right to regulate all cults?, answer: censor and pontifices
Officially, human sacrifice was obnoxious "to the laws of gods and men." The practice was a mark of the "Other", attributed to Rome's traditional enemies such as the Carthaginians and Gauls. Rome banned it on several occasions under extreme penalty. A law passed in 81 BC characterised human sacrifice as murder committed for magical purposes. Pliny saw the ending of human sacrifice conducted by the druids as a positive consequence of the conquest of Gaul and Britain. Despite an empire-wide ban under Hadrian, human sacrifice may have continued covertly in North Africa and elsewhere.

question: What act did Romans view as obnoxious?, answer: human sacrifice | question: To whom was human sacrifice usually attributed?, answer: enemies | question: What did Rome do about human sacrifice?, answer: banned it | question: As what did the law of 81 BC view human sacrifice?, answer: murder | question: What ruler banned human sacrifice empire wide?, answer: Hadrian
Often 'b' & 'p' are interchangeable, for example 'baggage' becomes 'pagas', 'lob' (to throw) becomes 'loopima'. The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'.

question: What two letters can be replaced with each other a lot of the time in Estonian?, answer: 'b' & 'p' | question: What happens in many cases when a word starts with an 's'?, answer: The initial letter 's' is often dropped | question: In an example of replacing 'b' with 'p' how is 'baggage' pronounced?, answer: pagas
Often categorised with the New Wave of British Heavy Metal, in 1981 Def Leppard released their second album High 'n' Dry, mixing glam-rock with heavy metal, and helping to define the sound of hard rock for the decade. The follow-up Pyromania (1983), reached number two on the American charts and the singles "Photograph", "Rock of Ages" and "Foolin'", helped by the emergence of MTV, all reached the Top 40. It was widely emulated, particularly by the emerging Californian glam metal scene. This was followed by US acts like Mötley Crüe, with their albums Too Fast for Love (1981) and Shout at the Devil (1983) and, as the style grew, the arrival of bands such as Ratt, White Lion, Twisted Sister and Quiet Riot. Quiet Riot's album Metal Health (1983) was the first glam metal album, and arguably the first heavy metal album of any kind, to reach number one in the Billboard music charts and helped open the doors for mainstream success by subsequent bands.

question: What sub-genre of hard rock does Def Leppard belong to?, answer: the New Wave of British Heavy Metal | question: What was Def Leppard's second album called?, answer: High 'n' Dry | question: What were the three Top 40 singles from Def Leppard's Pyromania album?, answer: "Photograph", "Rock of Ages" and "Foolin'" | question: What band had the first glam metal album to hit number one on the Billboard charts?, answer: Quiet Riot | question: When did Motley Crue's album Shout At The Devil come out?, answer: 1983
Often compared to San Francisco due to the hilly terrain and steep maze of residential streets, housing in St. John's is typically painted in bright colours. The city council has implemented strict heritage regulations in the downtown area, including restrictions on the height of buildings. These regulations have caused much controversy over the years. With the city experiencing an economic boom a lack of hotel rooms and office space has seen proposals put forward that do not meet the current height regulations. Heritage advocates argue that the current regulations should be enforced while others believe the regulations should be relaxed to encourage economic development.

question: What US city is St. John's often compared to?, answer: San Francisco | question: What does the city council have restrictions on in downtown?, answer: height of buildings | question: What have the restrictions on the height of buildings caused over the years?, answer: controversy | question: What is the city lacking because of the height restrictions?, answer: hotel rooms and office space
Often taxonomists prefer to use phylogenetic analysis to determine whether a population can be considered a subspecies. Phylogenetic analysis relies on the concept of derived characteristics that are not shared between groups, usually applying to populations that are allopatric (geographically separated) and therefore discretely bounded. This would make a subspecies, evolutionarily speaking, a clade – a group with a common evolutionary ancestor population. The smooth gradation of human genetic variation in general tends to rule out any idea that human population groups can be considered monophyletic (cleanly divided), as there appears to always have been considerable gene flow between human populations. Rachel Caspari (2003) have argued that clades are by definition monophyletic groups (a taxon that includes all descendants of a given ancestor) and since no groups currently regarded as races are monophyletic, none of those groups can be clades.

question: What analysis method are taxonomists fond of using in considering a population?, answer: phylogenetic | question: How are allopatric populations separated?, answer: geographically | question: What is a group with a common evolutionary ancestor population called?, answer: a clade | question: What is a tongue twister of a word that merely means "cleanly divided"?, answer: monophyletic | question: Who argued in 2003 that all clades are by definition monophyletic groups?, answer: Rachel Caspari
Often, large multinational corporations exhibit vertical integration, participating in a broad range of drug discovery and development, manufacturing and quality control, marketing, sales, and distribution. Smaller organizations, on the other hand, often focus on a specific aspect such as discovering drug candidates or developing formulations. Often, collaborative agreements between research organizations and large pharmaceutical companies are formed to explore the potential of new drug substances. More recently, multi-nationals are increasingly relying on contract research organizations to manage drug development.

question: Why are collaborative agreements important?, answer: to explore the potential of new drug substances | question: How do large corporations show vertical integration?, answer: participating in a broad range of drug discovery and development, manufacturing and quality control, marketing, sales, and distribution | question: What are large companies relying on outside organizations for?, answer: to manage drug development | question: What are smaller organizations responsible for?, answer: focus on a specific aspect such as discovering drug candidates or developing formulations | question: What type of integration do large corporations often do?, answer: vertical | question: What type of integration do smaller organizations do?, answer: a specific aspect | question: What type of agreements are made to research potential new drugs?, answer: collaborative agreements | question: What type of organizations are multinational corporations increasingly rely on?, answer: contract research
Often, sexual orientation and sexual orientation identity are not distinguished, which can impact accurately assessing sexual identity and whether or not sexual orientation is able to change; sexual orientation identity can change throughout an individual's life, and may or may not align with biological sex, sexual behavior or actual sexual orientation. While the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and American Psychiatric Association state that sexual orientation is innate, continuous or fixed throughout their lives for some people, but is fluid or changes over time for others, the American Psychological Association distinguishes between sexual orientation (an innate attraction) and sexual orientation identity (which may change at any point in a person's life).

question: What can impact accurately assesing sexual identity?, answer: sexual orientation and sexual orientation identity are not distinguished | question: What does the Centre For Addiction and Mental heal along with the American Psychiatric association state about sexual orientation?, answer: sexual orientation is innate, continuous or fixed throughout their lives for some people, but is fluid or changes over time for others, | question: What does the American Psychological Assocation distinguish between?, answer: sexual orientation (an innate attraction) and sexual orientation identity (which may change at any point in a person's life).
Often, the migration route of a long-distance migrator bird doesn't follow a straight line between breeding and wintering grounds. Rather, it could follow an hooked or arched line, with detours around geographical barriers. For most land-birds, such barriers could consist in seas, large water bodies or high mountain ranges, because of the lack of stopover or feeding sites, or the lack of thermal columns for broad-winged birds.

question: What route does a migrating bird usually follow?, answer: an hooked or arched line | question: What geographical barriers to land birds try to avoid?, answer: large water bodies or high mountain ranges | question: Why do migrating land birds avoid large water bodies or mountain ranges?, answer: the lack of stopover or feeding sites | question: Why do broad winged birds avoid geographical barriers?, answer: lack of thermal columns
Often, through-hole and surface-mount construction must be combined in a single assembly because some required components are available only in surface-mount packages, while others are available only in through-hole packages. Another reason to use both methods is that through-hole mounting can provide needed strength for components likely to endure physical stress, while components that are expected to go untouched will take up less space using surface-mount techniques. For further comparison, see the SMT page.

question: Surface-mount is one type of construction used in PCB assembly; what's the other one?, answer: through-hole | question: Which type of construction makes components that use more space?, answer: through-hole | question: Which of the two kinds of construction is weaker under strain?, answer: surface-mount | question: If you're building a circuit board that has a lot of components that won't be used, which construction would be better?, answer: surface-mount
Ogives are alternating wave crests and valleys that appear as dark and light bands of ice on glacier surfaces. They are linked to seasonal motion of glaciers; the width of one dark and one light band generally equals the annual movement of the glacier. Ogives are formed when ice from an icefall is severely broken up, increasing ablation surface area during summer. This creates a swale and space for snow accumulation in the winter, which in turn creates a ridge. Sometimes ogives consist only of undulations or color bands and are described as wave ogives or band ogives.

question: What are ogives?, answer: alternating wave crests and valleys that appear as dark and light bands of ice on glacier surfaces | question: What does the width of one dark and one light band measure?, answer: annual movement of the glacier | question: How are ogives formed?, answer: when ice from an icefall is severely broken up, increasing ablation surface area during summer | question: Under what conditions are ogives called wave or band ogives?, answer: consist only of undulations or color bands
Oklahoma City Community College in south Oklahoma City is the second-largest community college in the state. Rose State College is located east of Oklahoma City in suburban Midwest City. Oklahoma State University–Oklahoma City is located in the "Furniture District" on the Westside. Northeast of the city is Langston University, the state's historically black college (HBCU). Langston also has an urban campus in the eastside section of the city. Southern Nazarene University, which was founded by the Church of the Nazarene, is a university located in suburban Bethany, which is surrounded by the Oklahoma City city limits.

question: Which community college is the second largest in the state?, answer: Oklahoma City Community College | question: Which university is located in the Furniture district?, answer: Oklahoma State University | question: Where is Southern Nazarene University located?, answer: Bethany | question: Who founded the Southern Nazarene University, answer: Church of the Nazarene
Oklahoma City also has its share of very brutal crimes, particularly in the 1970s. The worst of which occurred in 1978, when six employees of a Sirloin Stockade restaurant on the city's south side were murdered execution-style in the restaurant's freezer. An intensive investigation followed, and the three individuals involved, who also killed three others in Purcell, Oklahoma, were identified. One, Harold Stafford, died in a motorcycle accident in Tulsa not long after the restaurant murders. Another, Verna Stafford, was sentenced to life without parole after being granted a new trial after she had previously been sentenced to death. Roger Dale Stafford, considered the mastermind of the murder spree, was executed by lethal injection at the Oklahoma State Penitentiary in 1995.

question: When were six employees found dead in a restaurants freezer?, answer: 1978 | question: When was Roger Dale Stafford executed?, answer: 1995
Oklahoma City also has several major national and state highways within its city limits. Shields Boulevard (US-77) continues from E.K. Gaylord Boulevard in downtown Oklahoma City and runs south eventually connecting to I-35 near the suburb of Moore. Northwest Expressway (Oklahoma State Highway 3) runs from North Classen Boulevard in north-central Oklahoma City to the northwestern suburbs.

question: What boulevard turns into E.K Gaylord Boulevard?, answer: Shields Boulevard
Oklahoma City and the surrounding metropolitan area are home to a number of health care facilities and specialty hospitals. In Oklahoma City's MidTown district near downtown resides the state's oldest and largest single site hospital, St. Anthony Hospital and Physicians Medical Center.

question: What is the states oldest and largest Hospital?, answer: St. Anthony Hospital and Physicians Medical Center
Oklahoma City has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa), with frequent variations in weather daily and seasonally, except during the consistently hot and humid summer months. Prolonged and severe droughts (sometimes leading to wildfires in the vicinity) as well as very heavy rainfall leading to flash flooding and flooding occur with some regularity. Consistent winds, usually from the south or south-southeast during the summer, help temper the hotter weather. Consistent northerly winds during the winter can intensify cold periods. Severe ice storms and snowstorms happen sporadically during the winter.

question: What type of climate does Oklahoma city?, answer: humid subtropical climate
Oklahoma City has a major park in each quadrant of the city, going back to the first parks masterplan. Will Rogers Park, Lincoln Park, Trosper Park, and Woodson Park were once connected by the Grand Boulevard loop, some sections of which no longer exist. Martin Park Nature Center is a natural habitat in far northwest Oklahoma City. Will Rogers Park is home to the Lycan Conservatory, the Rose Garden, and Butterfly Garden, all built in the WPA era. Oklahoma City is home to the American Banjo Museum, which houses a large collection of highly decorated banjos from the early 20th century and exhibits on the history of the banjo and its place in American history. Concerts and lectures are also held there.

question: What place hosts concerts and lectures?, answer: American Banjo Museum | question: Where is the Lycan Conservatory located?, answer: Will Rogers Park
Oklahoma City has a very active severe weather season from March through June, especially during April and May. Being in the center of what is colloquially referred to as Tornado Alley, it is prone to especially frequent and severe tornadoes, as well as very severe hailstorms and occasional derechoes. Tornadoes have occurred in every month of the year and a secondary smaller peak also occurs during autumn, especially October. The Oklahoma City metropolitan area is one of the most tornado-prone major cities in the world, with about 150 tornadoes striking within the city limits since 1890. Since the time weather records have been kept, Oklahoma City has been struck by thirteen violent tornadoes, eleven F/EF4s and two F/EF5. On May 3, 1999 parts of southern Oklahoma City and nearby suburban communities suffered from one of the most powerful tornadoes on record, an F5 on the Fujita scale, with wind speeds estimated by radar at 318 mph (510 km/h). On May 20, 2013, far southwest Oklahoma City, along with Newcastle and Moore, was hit again by a EF5 tornado; it was 0.5 to 1.3 miles (0.80 to 2.09 km) wide and killed 23 people. Less than two weeks later, on May 31, another outbreak affected the Oklahoma City area, including an EF1 and an EF0 within the city and a tornado several miles west of the city that was 2.6 miles (4.2 km) in width, the widest tornado ever recorded.

question: When is Oklahoma city sever weather season begin?, answer: March | question: When does Oklahoma city sever weather season end?, answer: June | question: Approximately How many tornadoes have reached the city limits?, answer: 150 | question: How wide was the widest tornado ever?, answer: 2.6 miles
Oklahoma City has experienced significant population increases since the late 1990s. In May 2014, the U.S. Census announced Oklahoma City had an estimated population of 620,602 in 2014 and that it had grown 5.3 percent between April 2010 and June 2013. Since the official Census in 2000, Oklahoma City had grown 21 percent (a 114,470 raw increase) according to the Bureau estimates. The 2014 estimate of 620,602 is the largest population Oklahoma City has ever recorded. It is the first city in the state to record a population greater than 600,000 residents and the largest municipal population of the Great Plains region (OK, KS, NE, SD, ND).

question: When did the population increases begin in Oklahoma city?, answer: late 1990s | question: What was the estimated population of Oklahoma city in 2014, answer: 620,602
Oklahoma City has several public career and technology education schools associated with the Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education, the largest of which are Metro Technology Center and Francis Tuttle Technology Center.

question: What are the two largest technology education schools in Oklahoma City?, answer: Metro Technology Center and Francis Tuttle Technology Center
Oklahoma City is an integral point on the United States Interstate Network, with three major interstate highways – Interstate 35, Interstate 40, and Interstate 44 – bisecting the city. Interstate 240 connects Interstate 40 and Interstate 44 in south Oklahoma City, while Interstate 235 spurs from Interstate 44 in north-central Oklahoma City into downtown.

question: How many major highways cross through Oklahoma City?, answer: 3