lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Beginning in the 1940s and continuing into the 1970s, the bureau investigated cases of espionage against the United States and its allies. Eight Nazi agents who had planned sabotage operations against American targets were arrested, and six were executed (Ex parte Quirin) under their sentences. Also during this time, a joint US/UK code-breaking effort (the Venona project)—with which the FBI was heavily involved—broke Soviet diplomatic and intelligence communications codes, allowing the US and British governments to read Soviet communications. This effort confirmed the existence of Americans working in the United States for Soviet intelligence. Hoover was administering this project but failed to notify the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) until 1952. Another notable case is the arrest of Soviet spy Rudolf Abel in 1957. The discovery of Soviet spies operating in the US allowed Hoover to pursue his longstanding obsession with the threat he perceived from the American Left, ranging from Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) union organizers to American liberals.

question: When did the FBI begin investigating espionage?, answer: 1940s | question: How many Nazis were arrested?, answer: Eight | question: What project broke Soviet codes?, answer: the Venona project | question: What agency did Hoover not tell about the code break and the discoveries gained from it?, answer: CIA
Beginning in the 2007–2008 academic year, first-time freshman at KU pay a fixed tuition rate for 48 months according to the Four-Year Tuition Compact passed by the Kansas Board of Regents. For the 2014–15 academic year, tuition was $318 per credit hour for in-state freshman and $828 for out-of-state freshmen. For transfer students, who do not take part in the compact, 2014–15 per-credit-hour tuition was $295 for in-state undergraduates and $785 for out-of-state undergraduates; subject to annual increases. Students enrolled in 6 or more credit hours also paid an annual required campus fee of $888. The schools of architecture, music, arts, business, education, engineering, journalism, law, pharmacy, and social welfare charge additional fees.

question: What was first instituted for first year students in the 2007-2008 school year?, answer: fixed tuition rate | question: For how long does the fixed rate of tuition last?, answer: 48 months | question: What was the edict approved by the Board of Regents that provided for the fixed tuition program?, answer: Four-Year Tuition Compact | question: How much did a student from outside of Kansas have to pay per course credit in 2014-15?, answer: $828 | question: What is charged at KU's specialized professional schools?, answer: additional fees
Beginning in the summer of 54 BC, a wave of political corruption and violence swept Rome. This chaos reached a climax in January of 52 BC, when Clodius was murdered in a gang war by Milo. On 1 January 49 BC, an agent of Caesar presented an ultimatum to the senate. The ultimatum was rejected, and the senate then passed a resolution which declared that if Caesar did not lay down his arms by July of that year, he would be considered an enemy of the Republic. Meanwhile, the senators adopted Pompey as their new champion against Caesar. On 7 January of 49 BC, the senate passed a senatus consultum ultimum, which vested Pompey with dictatorial powers. Pompey's army, however, was composed largely of untested conscripts. On 10 January, Caesar crossed the Rubicon with his veteran army (in violation of Roman laws) and marched towards Rome. Caesar's rapid advance forced Pompey, the consuls and the senate to abandon Rome for Greece. Caesar entered the city unopposed.

question: In which year did Clodius die?, answer: 52 BC | question: Who was responsible for the death of Clodius?, answer: Milo | question: Who did the senators decide would aid them in their conflict with Caesar?, answer: Pompey | question: What type of powers were granted to Pompey by the senate?, answer: dictatorial | question: Ultimately what forced the senate to abandon Rome and flee to Greece?, answer: Caesar's rapid advance
Beginning several centuries ago, during the period of the Ottoman Empire, tens of thousands of Black Africans were brought by slave traders to plantations and agricultural areas situated between Antalya and Istanbul in present-day Turkey. Some of their descendants remained in situ, and many migrated to larger cities and towns. Other blacks slaves were transported to Crete, from where they or their descendants later reached the İzmir area through the population exchange between Greece and Turkey in 1923, or indirectly from Ayvalık in pursuit of work.

question: When did the slave trade begin?, answer: during the period of the Ottoman Empire | question: Where were the slaves brought?, answer: Antalya and Istanbul in present-day Turkey | question: Where did former slaves go for work once freed?, answer: İzmir area | question: What year did they begin to migrate to Izmir?, answer: 1923
Beginning the Age of Revolution, the American Revolution and the ensuing political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century saw the Thirteen Colonies of North America overthrow the governance of the Parliament of Great Britain, and then reject the British monarchy itself to become the sovereign United States of America. In this period the colonies first rejected the authority of the Parliament to govern them without representation, and formed self-governing independent states. The Second Continental Congress then joined together against the British to defend that self-governance in the armed conflict from 1775 to 1783 known as the American Revolutionary War (also called American War of Independence).

question: What event did the American revolution cause?, answer: British monarchy itself to become the sovereign United States of America. | question: How did the Thirteen Colonies become The United States Of America?, answer: overthrow the governance of the Parliament of Great Britain, and then reject the British monarchy | question: Why did the United States form independent states?, answer: the colonies first rejected the authority of the Parliament to govern them without representation | question: Who did the Second Continental Congress join together against?, answer: the British | question: What is the armed conflict form 1775 to 1783 is known as?, answer: American Revolutionary War
Beginning with Immanuel Kant, German idealists such as G. W. F. Hegel, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, and Arthur Schopenhauer dominated 19th-century philosophy. This tradition, which emphasized the mental or "ideal" character of all phenomena, gave birth to idealistic and subjectivist schools ranging from British idealism to phenomenalism to existentialism. The historical influence of this branch of idealism remains central even to the schools that rejected its metaphysical assumptions, such as Marxism, pragmatism and positivism.

question: What was the ethnicity of Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling?, answer: German | question: In what century did Hegel write?, answer: 19th | question: Along with British idealism and existentialism, what philosophy was influenced by the German idealistic tradition?, answer: phenomenalism | question: Along with positivism and pragmatism, what philosophy rejected idealism's metaphysical views but what nevertheless influenced by it?, answer: Marxism
Beginning with its incorporation in 1802, Detroit has had a total of 74 mayors. Detroit's last mayor from the Republican Party was Louis Miriani, who served from 1957 to 1962. In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young. Despite development efforts, his combative style during his five terms in office was not well received by many suburban residents. Mayor Dennis Archer, a former Michigan Supreme Court Justice, refocused the city's attention on redevelopment with a plan to permit three casinos downtown. By 2008, three major casino resort hotels established operations in the city.

question: When was Detroit incorporated?, answer: 1802 | question: How many mayors has Detroit had?, answer: 74 | question: Who was Detroit's last Republican mayor?, answer: Louis Miriani | question: Who was Detroit's first black mayor?, answer: Coleman Young | question: What was Dennis Archer's former occupation?, answer: Supreme Court Justice
Beginning with the 2003 season, the AFL made a deal with NBC to televise league games, which was renewed for another two years in 2005. In conjunction with this, the league moved the beginning of the season from May to February (the week after the NFL's Super Bowl) and scheduled most of its games on Sunday instead of Friday or Saturday as it had in the past. In 2006, because of the XX Winter Olympic Games, the Stanley Cup playoffs and the Daytona 500, NBC scaled back from weekly coverage to scattered coverage during the regular season, but committed to a full playoff schedule ending with the 20th ArenaBowl. NBC and the Arena Football League officially severed ties on June 30, 2006, having failed to reach a new broadcast deal. Las Vegas owner Jim Ferraro stated during a radio interview that the reason why a deal failed is because ESPN refused to show highlights or even mention a product being broadcast on NBC.

question: In what month did the AFL season originally begin?, answer: May | question: After the TV deal, when was the start of the AFL season moved to?, answer: February | question: What days were AFL games traditionally played on before the TV deal?, answer: Friday or Saturday | question: When were most of the AFL's games played after the TV deal?, answer: Sunday | question: On what date did the business relationship between the AFL and NBC end?, answer: June 30, 2006
Beginning with the Paris Exposition of 1878, the instrument's popularity rebounded. The Exposition was one of many stops for a popular new performing group the Estudiantes Españoles (Spanish Students). They danced and played guitars, violins and the bandurria, which became confused with the mandolin. Along with the energy and awareness created by the day's hit sensation, a wave of Italian mandolinists travelled Europe in the 1880s and 1890s and in the United States by the mid-1880s, playing and teaching their instrument. The instrument's popularity continued to increase during the 1890s and mandolin popularity was at its height in "early years of the 20th century." Thousands were taking up the instrument as a pastime, and it became an instrument of society, taken up by young men and women. Mandolin orchestras were formed worldwide, incorporating not only the mandolin family of instruments, but also guitars, double basses and zithers.

question: When did the mandolin's poplarity rebound?, answer: Beginning with the Paris Exposition of 1878 | question: What popular group performed at the Paris Exposition?, answer: Estudiantes Españoles (Spanish Students) | question: When was it said that mandolin's popularity peaked?, answer: early years of the 20th century. | question: What instrument was the mandolin confused with during the 1880's?, answer: bandurria | question: What were formed worldwide that incorporated the mandolin famiy of instruments and other instruments as well?, answer: Mandolin orchestras
Beginning with the advent of beat match DJing, in which Bronx DJs (Disc Jockeys) including Grandmaster Flash, Afrika Bambaataa and DJ Kool Herc extended the breaks of funk records, a major new musical genre emerged that sought to isolate the percussion breaks of hit funk, disco and soul songs. As hip hop's popularity grew, performers began speaking ("rapping") in sync with the beats, and became known as MCs or emcees. The Herculoids, made up of Herc, Coke La Rock, and DJ Clark Kent, were the earliest to gain major fame. The Bronx is referred to in hip-hop slang as "The Boogie Down Bronx", or just "The Boogie Down". This was hip-hop pioneer KRS-One's inspiration for his thought provoking group BDP, or Boogie Down Productions, which included DJ Scott La Rock. Newer hip hop artists from the Bronx include Big Pun, Lord Toriq and Peter Gunz, Camp Lo, Swizz Beatz, Drag-On, Fat Joe, Terror Squad and Corey Gunz.

question: Who were the Herculoids?, answer: Herc, Coke La Rock, and DJ Clark Kent | question: What is 'The Boogie Down'?, answer: The Bronx | question: Where is Big Pun from?, answer: the Bronx | question: What types of music did hip hop emerge from?, answer: funk, disco and soul | question: Who started BDP?, answer: KRS-One
Behind the scenes, the bookers in a company will place the title on the most accomplished performer, or those the bookers believe will generate fan interest in terms of event attendance and television viewership. Lower ranked titles may also be used on the performers who show potential, thus allowing them greater exposure to the audience. However other circumstances may also determine the use of a championship. A combination of a championship's lineage, the caliber of performers as champion, and the frequency and manner of title changes, dictates the audience's perception of the title's quality, significance and reputation.

question: What happens behind the scenes of a match?, answer: bookers in a company will place the title on the most accomplished performer, | question: Who else do bookers focus on?, answer: those the bookers believe will generate fan interest | question: Who might they use a lower ranked title on?, answer: performers who show potential
BeiDou-1 is an experimental regional navigation system, which consists of four satellites (three working satellites and one backup satellite). The satellites themselves were based on the Chinese DFH-3 geostationary communications satellite and had a launch weight of 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) each.

question: What is the BeiDou-1?, answer: an experimental regional navigation system | question: The BeiDou-1 is made up of how may satellites?, answer: four | question: How many satellites in the BeiDou-1 system is used for back up?, answer: one | question: What were the BeiDou-1 system satellites based on?, answer: the Chinese DFH-3 geostationary communications satellite | question: How much did each satellite for the BeiDou-1 system weigh?, answer: 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) each
BeiDou-2 (formerly known as COMPASS) is not an extension to the older BeiDou-1, but rather supersedes it outright. The new system will be a constellation of 35 satellites, which include 5 geostationary orbit satellites for backward compatibility with BeiDou-1, and 30 non-geostationary satellites (27 in medium Earth orbit and 3 in inclined geosynchronous orbit), that will offer complete coverage of the globe.

question: What was the BeiDou-2 system previously known as?, answer: COMPASS | question: How may satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?, answer: 35 | question: How many geostationary orbit satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?, answer: 5 | question: How many non-geostationary orbit satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?, answer: 30 | question: What is the purpose of the geostationary orbit satellites in the BeiDou-2 system?, answer: for backward compatibility with BeiDou-1
Being Sicily's administrative capital, Palermo is a centre for much of the region's finance, tourism and commerce. The city currently hosts an international airport, and Palermo's economic growth over the years has brought the opening of many new businesses. The economy mainly relies on tourism and services, but also has commerce, shipbuilding and agriculture. The city, however, still has high unemployment levels, high corruption and a significant black market empire (Palermo being the home of the Sicilian Mafia). Even though the city still suffers from widespread corruption, inefficient bureaucracy and organized crime, the level of crime in Palermo's has gone down dramatically, unemployment has been decreasing and many new, profitable opportunities for growth (especially regarding tourism) have been introduced, making the city safer and better to live in.

question: On what does Palermo's economy rely?, answer: tourism and services, but also has commerce, shipbuilding and agriculture | question: Palermo is the home of what mafia?, answer: the Sicilian Mafia | question: Has the level of crime in Palermo risen or declined?, answer: gone down dramatically | question: What negative qualities does Palermo carry?, answer: high unemployment levels, high corruption and a significant black market empire
Being a city on the Ill and close to the Rhine, Strasbourg has always been an important centre of fluvial navigation, as is attested by archeological findings. In 1682 the Canal de la Bruche was added to the river navigations, initially to provide transport for sandstone from quarries in the Vosges for use in the fortification of the city. That canal has since closed, but the subsequent Canal du Rhone au Rhine, Canal de la Marne au Rhin and Grand Canal d'Alsace are still in use, as is the important activity of the Port autonome de Strasbourg. Water tourism inside the city proper attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists yearly.

question: What year was the Canal de la Bruche added?, answer: 1682 | question: What kind of tourism attracts tourists yearly?, answer: Water tourism | question: What river is Strasbourg by?, answer: Rhine
Being identified as either "black" or "white" in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one's employment and social prospects. Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australians – where they lived, their employment, marriage, education and included the power to separate children from their parents. Aborigines were not allowed to vote and were often confined to reserves and forced into low paid or effectively slave labour. The social position of mixed-race or "half-caste" individuals varied over time. A 1913 report by Sir Baldwin Spencer states that:

question: What was established to control the Indigenous Australians?, answer: Aboriginal Protection Boards | question: What did the Aboriginal Protection Boards control?, answer: where they lived, their employment, marriage, education and included the power to separate children from their parents. | question: Were Aborigines allowed to vote?, answer: Aborigines were not allowed to vote | question: Who reported how the Aborigines were treated?, answer: Sir Baldwin Spencer | question: What year was his report from?, answer: 1913
Being located on the Atlantic coastline, Galicia has a very mild climate for the latitude and the marine influence affects most of the province to various degrees. In comparison to similar latitudes on the other side of the Atlantic, winters are exceptionally mild, with consistently heavy rainfall. Snow is rare due to temperatures rarely dropping below freezing. The warmest coastal station of Pontevedra has a yearly mean temperature of 14.8 °C (58.6 °F). Ourense located somewhat inland is only slightly warmer with 14.9 °C (58.8 °F). Due to its exposed north-westerly location, the climate is still very cool by Spanish standards. In coastal areas summers are temperered, averaging around 25 °C (77 °F) in Vigo. Temperatures are further cooler in A Coruña, with a subdued 22.8 °C (73.0 °F) normal. Temperatures do however soar in inland areas such as Ourense, where days above 30 °C (86 °F) are very regular.

question: Where is Galicia's warmest coastal station?, answer: Pontevedra | question: What about inland?, answer: Ourense
Being one of the four ancient capitals of China, Nanjing has always been a cultural centre attracting intellectuals from all over the country. In the Tang and Song dynasties, Nanjing was a place where poets gathered and composed poems reminiscent of its luxurious past; during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the city was the official imperial examination centre (Jiangnan Examination Hall) for the Jiangnan region, again acting as a hub where different thoughts and opinions converged and thrived.

question: How many ancient capitals does China have in its history?, answer: four | question: What type of people does Nanjing draw because of its culture?, answer: intellectuals | question: In what dynasties did poets congregate in Nanjing?, answer: the Tang and Song dynasties | question: When did the city serve as the official imperial examination centre?, answer: the Ming and Qing dynasties | question: What was the name of the examination centre?, answer: Jiangnan Examination Hall
Belief is a fundamental aspect of morality in the Quran, and scholars have tried to determine the semantic contents of "belief" and "believer" in the Quran. The ethico-legal concepts and exhortations dealing with righteous conduct are linked to a profound awareness of God, thereby emphasizing the importance of faith, accountability, and the belief in each human's ultimate encounter with God. People are invited to perform acts of charity, especially for the needy. Believers who "spend of their wealth by night and by day, in secret and in public" are promised that they "shall have their reward with their Lord; on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve". It also affirms family life by legislating on matters of marriage, divorce, and inheritance. A number of practices, such as usury and gambling, are prohibited. The Quran is one of the fundamental sources of Islamic law (sharia). Some formal religious practices receive significant attention in the Quran including the formal prayers (salat) and fasting in the month of Ramadan. As for the manner in which the prayer is to be conducted, the Quran refers to prostration. The term for charity, zakat, literally means purification. Charity, according to the Quran, is a means of self-purification.

question: What mental state is the foundation of morality as described by the Quran?, answer: Belief | question: What finance-related acts are forbidden by the Quran?, answer: usury and gambling | question: What is the name of the formal prayer proscribed by the Quran?, answer: salat | question: Which month is designated for fasting in the Quran?, answer: Ramadan | question: The Quran uses a term that also means purification for what social act?, answer: charity
Believed to be a stowaway on a U.S. military transport near the end of World War II, the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) was accidentally introduced to Guam, that previously had no native species of snake. It nearly eliminated the native bird population. The problem was exacerbated because the reptile has no natural predators on the island. The brown tree snake, known locally as the kulebla, is native to northern and eastern coasts of Australia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. While slightly venomous, the snake is relatively harmless to human beings. Although some studies have suggested a high density of these serpents on Guam, residents rarely see the nocturnal creatures. The United States Department of Agriculture has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow. The United States Geological Survey also has dogs capable of detecting snakes in forested environments around the region's islands.

question: Which animal was accidentally introduced into Guam?, answer: brown tree snake | question: What was accidentally introduced into Guam?, answer: brown tree snake | question: With the introduction of a non native snake in the area of Guam what impact did it have the island?, answer: nearly eliminated the native bird population | question: What has the U.S Department of Agriculture done to help watch for the snakes?, answer: has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow