lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Erich Koch headed the East Prussian Nazi party from 1928. He led the district from 1932. This period was characterized by efforts to collectivize the local agriculture and ruthlessness in dealing with his critics inside and outside the Party. He also had long-term plans for mass-scale industrialization of the largely agricultural province. These actions made him unpopular among the local peasants. In 1932 the local paramilitary SA had already started to terrorise their political opponents. On the night of 31 July 1932 there was a bomb attack on the headquarters of the Social Democrats in Königsberg, the Otto-Braun-House. The Communist politician Gustav Sauf was killed; the executive editor of the Social Democrat "Königsberger Volkszeitung", Otto Wyrgatsch, and the German People's Party politician Max von Bahrfeldt were severely injured. Members of the Reichsbanner were attacked and the local Reichsbanner Chairman of Lötzen, Kurt Kotzan, was murdered on 6 August 1932.

question: Who was the leader of the East Prussian Nazi Party?, answer: Erich Koch | question: What large plans did Koch have?, answer: mass-scale industrialization of the largely agricultural province | question: What even occurred during the summer of 1932 in Konigsberg?, answer: attack on the headquarters of the Social Democrats | question: Who was killed in the attack of the Social Democrats?, answer: Gustav Sauf
Erik Erikson (1902-1994) became one of the earliest psychologists to take an explicit interest in identity. The Eriksonian framework rests upon a distinction among the psychological sense of continuity, known as the ego identity (sometimes identified simply as "the self"); the personal idiosyncrasies that separate one person from the next, known as the personal identity; and the collection of social roles that a person might play, known as either the social identity or the cultural identity. Erikson's work, in the psychodynamic tradition, aimed to investigate the process of identity formation across a lifespan. Progressive strength in the ego identity, for example, can be charted in terms of a series of stages in which identity is formed in response to increasingly sophisticated challenges. The process of forming a viable sense of identity for the culture is conceptualized as an adolescent task, and those who do not manage a resynthesis of childhood identifications are seen as being in a state of 'identity diffusion' whereas those who retain their initially given identities unquestioned have 'foreclosed' identities (Weinreich & Saunderson 2003 p7-8). On some readings of Erikson, the development of a strong ego identity, along with the proper integration into a stable society and culture, lead to a stronger sense of identity in general. Accordingly, a deficiency in either of these factors may increase the chance of an identity crisis or confusion (Cote & Levine 2002, p. 22).

question: Who was one of the earliest psychologists to take an explicit interest in identity?, answer: Erik Erikson | question: What distinction is sometimes referred to as the self?, answer: ego identity | question: The personal idiosyncrasies that separate individuals are called what?, answer: the personal identity | question: What are the 3 names for the collection of a person's social roles?, answer: the social identity or the cultural identity | question: In what tradition is Erikson's work to track identity formation throughout a lifetime?, answer: the psychodynamic tradition
Eritrea (/ˌɛrᵻˈtreɪ.ə/ or /ˌɛrᵻˈtriːə/;, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in East Africa. With its capital at Asmara, it is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The nation has a total area of approximately 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi), and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands. Its name Eritrea is based on the Greek name for the Red Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα Erythra Thalassa), which was first adopted for Italian Eritrea in 1890.

question: What country borders Eritrea in the west?, answer: Sudan | question: What country borders Eritrea in the south?, answer: Ethiopia | question: What country borders Eritrea in the southeast?, answer: Djibouti | question: What extensive coastline makes up a portion of Eritrea's East border?, answer: Red Sea | question: What is the total area of the nation of Eritrea?, answer: 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi)
Eritrea can be split into three ecoregions. To the east of the highlands are the hot, arid coastal plains stretching down to the southeast of the country. The cooler, more fertile highlands, reaching up to 3000m has a different habitat. Habitats here vary from the sub-tropical rainforest at Filfil Solomona to the precipitous cliffs and canyons of the southern highlands. The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression of Eritrea is the probable location of a triple junction where three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another.The highest point of the country, Emba Soira, is located in the center of Eritrea, at 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level.

question: How many ecoregions make up Eritrea?, answer: three | question: What is the highest point in Eritrea?, answer: Emba Soira | question: Where is Emba Soira located?, answer: in the center of Eritrea | question: How high is Emba Soira?, answer: 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level | question: What is the probably location in Eritrea where three tectonic plates are pulling away from each other?, answer: The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression
Eritrea has achieved significant improvements in health care and is one of the few countries to be on target to meet its Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets in health, in particular child health. Life expectancy at birth has increased from 39.1 in 1960 to 59.5 years in 2008, maternal and child mortality rates have dropped dramatically and the health infrastructure has been expanded. Due to Eritrea's relative isolation, information and resources are extremely limited and according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) found in 2008 average life expectancy to be slightly less than 63 years. Immunisation and child nutrition has been tackled by working closely with schools in a multi-sectoral approach; the number of children vaccinated against measles almost doubled in seven years, from 40.7% to 78.5% and the underweight prevalence among children decreased by 12% in 1995–2002 (severe underweight prevalence by 28%). The National Malaria Protection Unit of the Ministry of Health has registered tremendous improvements in reducing malarial mortality by as much as 85% and the number of cases by 92% between 1998 and 2006. The Eritrean government has banned female genital mutilation (FGM), saying the practice was painful and put women at risk of life-threatening health problems.

question: Which part of Eritrea's health care goals have they been most successful in?, answer: child health | question: What was the Eritrean life expectancy at birth in 1960?, answer: 39.1 | question: What was the Eritrean life expectancy st birth in 2008?, answer: 59.5 | question: Which practice was banned by the Eritrean government with claimes it is painful and has life-threatening health problems for women?, answer: female genital mutilation | question: How much did the National Malaria Protection Unit reduce malarial mortality by from 1998 - 2006?, answer: 85%
Eritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League. The nation holds a seat on the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). Eritrea also holds memberships in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Finance Corporation, International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), Non-Aligned Movement, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Permanent Court of Arbitration, and the World Customs Organization.

question: What is the abbreviation for the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions?, answer: ACABQ | question: What does the acronym INTERPOL stand for?, answer: International Criminal Police Organization | question: Which league is Eritrea an observing member of?, answer: Arab League
Eritrea is a multilingual country. The nation has no official language, as the Constitution establishes the "equality of all Eritrean languages". However, Tigrinya serves as the de facto language of national identity. With 2,540,000 total speakers of a population of 5,254,000 in 2006, Tigrinya is the most widely spoken language, particularly in the southern and central parts of Eritrea. Modern Standard Arabic and English serve as de facto working languages, with the latter used in university education and many technical fields. Italian, the former colonial language, is widely used in commerce and is taught as a second language in schools, with a few elderly monolinguals.

question: What is the official language of Eritrea?, answer: The nation has no official language | question: What was the most widely spoken language in Eritrea in 2006?, answer: Tigrinya | question: What does the Constitution establish of all Eritrean languages?, answer: equality | question: What languages serve as de facto working languages in Eritrea?, answer: Modern Standard Arabic and English | question: What language is used in Eritrean university education and many technical fields?, answer: English
Eritrea is a one-party state in which national legislative elections have been repeatedly postponed. According to Human Rights Watch, the government's human rights record is considered among the worst in the world. Most Western countries have accused the Eritrean authorities of arbitrary arrest and detentions, and of detaining an unknown number of people without charge for their political activism. However, the Eritrean government has continually dismissed the accusations as politically motivated. In June 2015, a 500-page United Nations Human Rights Council report accused Eritrea's government of extrajudicial executions, torture, indefinitely prolonged national service and forced labour, and indicated that sexual harassment, rape and sexual servitude by state officials are also widespread.

question: According to Human Rights Watch, how do the human rights in Eritrea compare to the rest of the world?, answer: among the worst | question: According to a 500-page UN Human Rights Council report, what was widespread behavior by state officials in Eritrea?, answer: sexual harassment, rape and sexual servitude | question: What type of state government exists in Eritrea?, answer: a one-party state | question: According to many western countries, why have Eritrean authorities detained an unknown number of people?, answer: for their political activism | question: In what year was the United Nations Human Rights Council report written?, answer: 2015
Eritrea's ethnic groups each have their own styles of music and accompanying dances. Amongst the Tigrinya, the best known traditional musical genre is the guaila. Traditional instruments of Eritrean folk music include the stringed krar, kebero, begena, masenqo and the wata (a distant/rudimentary cousin of the violin). The most popular Eritrean artist is the Tigrinya singer Helen Meles, who is noted for her powerful voice and wide singing range. Other prominent local musicians include the Kunama singer Dehab Faytinga, Ruth Abraha, Bereket Mengisteab, Yemane Baria, and the late Abraham Afewerki.

question: What is the best know musical genre amongst the Tigrinya?, answer: guaila | question: What is the Eritrean traditional instrument, the wata?, answer: a distant/rudimentary cousin of the violin | question: Who is the most popular Eritrean singing artist?, answer: Helen Meles | question: What is Helen Meles noted for?, answer: her powerful voice and wide singing range | question: Who, in Eritrea, have their own styles of music and accompanying dance?, answer: ethnic groups
Errors in computer programs are called "bugs". They may be benign and not affect the usefulness of the program, or have only subtle effects. But in some cases, they may cause the program or the entire system to "hang", becoming unresponsive to input such as mouse clicks or keystrokes, to completely fail, or to crash. Otherwise benign bugs may sometimes be harnessed for malicious intent by an unscrupulous user writing an exploit, code designed to take advantage of a bug and disrupt a computer's proper execution. Bugs are usually not the fault of the computer. Since computers merely execute the instructions they are given, bugs are nearly always the result of programmer error or an oversight made in the program's design.

question: Another name for errors in programs are called what?, answer: "bugs | question: Bugs are usually the fault of whom or what?, answer: programmer error or an oversight made in the program's design
Ertuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent, mostly Turkish states, the so-called Ghazi emirates. One of the emirates was led by Osman I (1258–1326), from whom the name Ottoman is derived. Osman I extended the frontiers of Turkish settlement toward the edge of the Byzantine Empire. It is not well understood how the early Ottomans came to dominate their neighbours, as the history of medieval Anatolia is still little known.

question: Who was the father of Osman I?, answer: Ertuğrul | question: How many horsemen did Osman I's father bring to aid the Seljuks of Rum?, answer: 400 horsemen | question: When did the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum reach its demise?, answer: 14th century | question: What did the divided Anatolia end up being referred to as?, answer: Ghazi emirates | question: To the edge of what empire did Osman I push Turkish settlements?, answer: Byzantine Empire
Esoteric or Sufi interpretation attempts to unveil the inner meanings of the Quran. Sufism moves beyond the apparent (zahir) point of the verses and instead relates Quranic verses to the inner or esoteric (batin) and metaphysical dimensions of consciousness and existence. According to Sands, esoteric interpretations are more suggestive than declarative, they are allusions (isharat) rather than explanations (tafsir). They indicate possibilities as much as they demonstrate the insights of each writer.

question: What is another term for Sufi Quranic interpretation?, answer: Esoteric | question: What Arabic word describes the aspects of Quranic verses that Sufism tries to push beyond?, answer: zahir | question: What is an Arabic term for allusions?, answer: isharat | question: Sands says Sufi interpretations tend to use which literary device rather than direct explanation?, answer: allusions
Essential genes are the set of genes thought to be critical for an organism's survival. This definition assumes the abundant availability of all relevant nutrients and the absence of environmental stress. Only a small portion of an organism's genes are essential. In bacteria, an estimated 250–400 genes are essential for Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, which is less than 10% of their genes. Half of these genes are orthologs in both organisms and are largely involved in protein synthesis. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the number of essential genes is slightly higher, at 1000 genes (~20% of their genes). Although the number is more difficult to measure in higher eukaryotes, mice and humans are estimated to have around 2000 essential genes (~10% of their genes).

question: What are the set of genes which are thought to be crucial for the survival of an organism?, answer: Essential genes | question: What does the definition of essential genes assume an absence of?, answer: environmental stress | question: How many genes are essential for Escherichia coli?, answer: 250–400 | question: What fraction of Escherichia coli's essential genes are orthologs?, answer: Half | question: How many essential genes does Saccharomyces cerevisiae have?, answer: 1000 genes
Established acts benefited from the new commercial climate, with Whitesnake's self-titled album (1987) selling over 17 million copies, outperforming anything in Coverdale's or Deep Purple's catalogue before or since. It featured the rock anthem "Here I Go Again '87" as one of 4 UK top 20 singles. The follow-up Slip of the Tongue (1989) went platinum, but according to critics Steve Erlwine and Greg Prato, "it was a considerable disappointment after the across-the-board success of Whitesnake". Aerosmith's comeback album Permanent Vacation (1987) would begin a decade long revival of their popularity. Crazy Nights (1987) by Kiss was the band's highest charting release in the US since 1979 and the highest of their career in the UK. Mötley Crüe with Girls, Girls, Girls (1987) continued their commercial success and Def Leppard with Hysteria (1987) hit their commercial peak, the latter producing seven hit singles (a record for a hard rock act). Guns N' Roses released the best-selling début of all time, Appetite for Destruction (1987). With a "grittier" and "rawer" sound than most glam metal, it produced three top 10 hits, including the number one "Sweet Child O' Mine". Some of the glam rock bands that formed in the mid-1980s, such as White Lion and Cinderella experienced their biggest success during this period with their respective albums Pride (1987) and Long Cold Winter (1988) both going multi-platinum and launching a series of hit singles. In the last years of the decade, the most notable successes were New Jersey (1988) by Bon Jovi, OU812 (1988) by Van Halen, Open Up and Say... Ahh! (1988) by Poison, Pump (1989) by Aerosmith, and Mötley Crüe's most commercially successful album Dr. Feelgood (1989). New Jersey spawned five Top 10 singles, a record for a hard rock act. In 1988 from 25 June to 5 November, the number one spot on the Billboard 200 album chart was held by a hard rock album for 18 out of 20 consecutive weeks; the albums were OU812, Hysteria, Appetite for Destruction, and New Jersey. A final wave of glam rock bands arrived in the late 1980s, and experienced success with multi-platinum albums and hit singles from 1989 until the early 1990s, among them Extreme, Warrant Slaughter and FireHouse. Skid Row also released their eponymous début (1989), reaching number six on the Billboard 200, but they were to be one of the last major bands that emerged in the glam rock era.

question: How many copies did Whitesnake's 1987 self title album sell?, answer: 17 million | question: What was the title of Aerosmith's 1987 comeback album?, answer: Permanent Vacation | question: Def Leppard's album Hysteria churned out how many hit singles?, answer: seven | question: What Guns N Roses album was the second best selling debut of all time?, answer: Appetite for Destruction | question: What Guns N Roses song became a number one single?, answer: "Sweet Child O' Mine"
Established bands made something of a comeback in the mid-1980s. After an 8-year separation, Deep Purple returned with the classic Machine Head line-up to produce Perfect Strangers (1984), which reached number five in the UK, hit the top five in five other countries, and was a platinum-seller in the US. After somewhat slower sales of its fourth album, Fair Warning, Van Halen rebounded with the Top 3 album Diver Down in 1982, then reached their commercial pinnacle with 1984. It reached number two on the Billboard album chart and provided the track "Jump", which reached number one on the singles chart and remained there for several weeks. Heart, after floundering during the first half of the decade, made a comeback with their eponymous ninth studio album which hit number one and contained four Top 10 singles including their first number one hit. The new medium of video channels was used with considerable success by bands formed in previous decades. Among the first were ZZ Top, who mixed hard blues rock with new wave music to produce a series of highly successful singles, beginning with "Gimme All Your Lovin'" (1983), which helped their albums Eliminator (1983) and Afterburner (1985) achieve diamond and multi-platinum status respectively. Others found renewed success in the singles charts with power ballads, including REO Speedwagon with "Keep on Loving You" (1980) and "Can't Fight This Feeling" (1984), Journey with "Don't Stop Believin'" (1981) and "Open Arms" (1982), Foreigner's "I Want to Know What Love Is", Scorpions' "Still Loving You" (both from 1984), Heart’s "What About Love" (1985) and "These Dreams" (1986), and Boston's "Amanda" (1986).

question: What was the title of Deep Purple's 1980s reunion album?, answer: Perfect Strangers | question: What album was Van Halen's commercial high point?, answer: 1984 | question: In what year did ZZ Top release Eliminator?, answer: 1983 | question: What band recorded "Keep On Loving You"?, answer: REO Speedwagon | question: The hit single "Amanda" was recorded by what band?, answer: Boston
Established in 1591 by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, Hyderabad remained under the rule of the Qutb Shahi dynasty for nearly a century before the Mughals captured the region. In 1724, Mughal viceroy Asif Jah I declared his sovereignty and created his own dynasty, known as the Nizams of Hyderabad. The Nizam's dominions became a princely state during the British Raj, and remained so for 150 years, with the city serving as its capital. The Nizami influence can still be seen in the culture of the Hyderabadi Muslims. The city continued as the capital of Hyderabad State after it was brought into the Indian Union in 1948, and became the capital of Andhra Pradesh after the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. Since 1956, Rashtrapati Nilayam in the city has been the winter office of the President of India. In 2014, the newly formed state of Telangana split from Andhra Pradesh and the city became joint capital of the two states, a transitional arrangement scheduled to end by 2025.

question: In what year was Hyderabad established?, answer: Established in 1591 | question: Who is the person that established Hyderabad?, answer: Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah | question: What dynasty controlled Hyderabad until the early 18th century?, answer: the Qutb Shahi dynasty | question: Which Mughal viceroy created a dynasty in early 18th century Hyderabad?, answer: Mughal viceroy Asif Jah I declared his sovereignty and created his own dynasty | question: Which dynasty did Asif Jah I create?, answer: Nizams of Hyderabad
Established in 1988, Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone (Chinese: 成都高新技术产业开发区; pinyin: Chéngdū Gāoxīn Jìshù Chǎnyè Kāifā Qū) was approved as one of the first national hi-tech development zones in 1991. In 2000, it was open to APEC and has been recognized as a national advanced hi-tech development zone in successive assessment activities held by China's Ministry of Science and Technology. It ranks 5th among the 53 national hi-tech development zones in China in terms of comprehensive strength.

question: When was the Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone established?, answer: 1988 | question: When was the Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone approved?, answer: 1991 | question: The Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone is what rank of 53 in China terms of comprehensive strength?, answer: 5th