lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Baptists subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers (believer's baptism, as opposed to infant baptism), and that it must be done by complete immersion (as opposed to affusion or sprinkling). Other tenets of Baptist churches include soul competency (liberty), salvation through faith alone, Scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice, and the autonomy of the local congregation. Baptists recognize two ministerial offices, pastors and deacons. Baptist churches are widely considered to be Protestant churches, though some Baptists disavow this identity.

question: According to Baptists, who should have baptisms?, answer: professing believers | question: What type of churches are most Baptists churches considered to be?, answer: Protestant | question: What two offices do Baptists have?, answer: pastors and deacons | question: What type of baptism do Baptists conduct?, answer: complete immersion | question: What is another term for soul competency?, answer: liberty
Baptists, like other Christians, are defined by doctrine—some of it common to all orthodox and evangelical groups and a portion of it distinctive to Baptists. Through the years, different Baptist groups have issued confessions of faith—without considering them to be creeds—to express their particular doctrinal distinctions in comparison to other Christians as well as in comparison to other Baptists. Most Baptists are evangelical in doctrine, but Baptist beliefs can vary due to the congregational governance system that gives autonomy to individual local Baptist churches. Historically, Baptists have played a key role in encouraging religious freedom and separation of church and state.

question: Baptists are defined by what?, answer: doctrine | question: Baptists have issued what without considering them to be creeds?, answer: confessions of faith | question: Most Baptists are what in doctrine?, answer: evangelical | question: Baptists have played a key role in what?, answer: encouraging religious freedom and separation of church and state.
Barbershop music is one of several uniquely American art forms. The earliest reports of this style of a cappella music involved African Americans. The earliest documented quartets all began in barbershops. In 1938, the first formal men's barbershop organization was formed, known as the Society for the Preservation and Encouragement of Barber Shop Quartet Singing in America (S.P.E.B.S.Q.S.A), and in 2004 rebranded itself and officially changed its public name to the Barbershop Harmony Society (BHS). Today the BHS has over 22,000 members in approximately 800 chapters across the United States, and the barbershop style has spread around the world with organizations in many other countries. The Barbershop Harmony Society provides a highly organized competition structure for a cappella quartets and choruses singing in the barbershop style.

question: What type of a cappella music is specific to American culture?, answer: Barbershop music | question: What did the a cappella organization founded in 1938 change its name to in 2004?, answer: Barbershop Harmony Society | question: How many people currently have membership to the BHS?, answer: over 22,000 | question: What racial group was primarily involved in babershop a cappella in its earliest days?, answer: African Americans | question: What were the initials of the BHS before it changes its name in 2004?, answer: S.P.E.B.S.Q.S.A
Barcelona is one of the most supported teams in the world, and has the largest social media following in the world among sports teams. Barcelona's players have won a record number of Ballon d'Or awards (11), as well as a record number of FIFA World Player of the Year awards (7). In 2010, the club made history when three players who came through its youth academy (Messi, Iniesta and Xavi) were chosen as the three best players in the world in the FIFA Ballon d'Or awards, an unprecedented feat for players from the same football school.

question: Which sports team has the world's largest social media following?, answer: Barcelona | question: How Ballon d'Or awards have members of the Barcelona team won?, answer: 11 | question: How amny FIFA World Player of the Year have members of FC Barcelona won?, answer: 7 | question: How amny of Barcelona's players were picked as the three best players of the year in 2010?, answer: three | question: Where did Messi, Iniesta and Xavi learn their football in Barcelona?, answer: youth academy
Barcelona is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never been relegated from the top division, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the UEFA Champions League, and also became the first football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year, completing the sextuple in also winning the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup. In 2011, the club became European champions again and won five trophies. This Barcelona team, which reached a record six consecutive Champions League semi-finals and won 14 trophies in just four years under Pep Guardiola, is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time. In June 2015, Barcelona became the first European club in history to achieve the continental treble twice.

question: Besides Barcelona and Real Madrid, what other team has remained in the Primera Division?, answer: Athletic Bilbao | question: What series of wins did Barcelona achieve in 2009?, answer: continental treble | question: How many competition wins did Barcelona have in 2011?, answer: five | question: When was Barcelona able to win the continental treble for the second time?, answer: June 2015
Barcelona is the only European club to have played continental football every season since 1955, and one of three clubs to have never been relegated from La Liga, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first club in Spain to win the treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the Champions League. That same year, it also became the first football club ever to win six out of six competitions in a single year, thus completing the sextuple, comprising the aforementioned treble and the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup. In the 2014–15 season, Barcelona won another historic treble, making them the first club in European football to win the treble twice.

question: When did Barcelona become the first Spanish team to win the treble competitions?, answer: 2009 | question: In 2009 Barcelona became the first team to win six of six competitions in what span of time?, answer: single year | question: What European football team has won the treble twice?, answer: Barcelona | question: During which football season did Barcelona win its second treble?, answer: 2014–15 | question: What team has played continental football every season since 1955?, answer: Barcelona
Barcelona won the treble in the 2014–2015 season, winning La Liga, Copa del Rey and UEFA Champions League titles, and became the first European team to have won the treble twice. On 17 May, the club clinched their 23rd La Liga title after defeating Atlético Madrid. This was Barcelona's seventh La Liga title in the last ten years. On 30 May, the club defeated Athletic Bilbao in the Copa del Rey final at Camp Nou. On 6 June, Barcelona won the UEFA Champions League final with a 3–1 win against Juventus, which completed the treble, the club's second in 6 years. Barcelona's attacking trio of Messi, Suárez and Neymar, dubbed MSN, scored 122 goals in all competitions, the most in a season for an attacking trio in Spanish football history.

question: What team has won the treble competitions twice?, answer: Barcelona | question: What competition did Barcelona win on May 17 of the 2014-15 season?, answer: La Liga | question: What team did Barcelona defeat to win their 23rd La Liga title?, answer: Atlético Madrid | question: What have the trio of players , Messi, Suarez, and Neymar been called?, answer: MSN | question: How many total goals have the trio MSN scored in the 2014-15 season?, answer: 122
Baronial unrest in England prevented the departure of the planned 1205 expedition, and only a smaller force under William Longespée deployed to Poitou. In 1206 John departed for Poitou himself, but was forced to divert south to counter a threat to Gascony from Alfonso VIII of Castile. After a successful campaign against Alfonso, John headed north again, taking the city of Angers. Philip moved south to meet John; the year's campaigning ended in stalemate and a two-year truce was made between the two rulers.

question: What prevented the departure of the planned 1205 expedition?, answer: Baronial unrest in England | question: When did Poitou depart?, answer: 1206 | question: Why did John divert south?, answer: to counter a threat to Gascony from Alfonso VIII of Castile | question: Why did Philip move south?, answer: to meet John
Baroque instruments included some instruments from the earlier periods (e.g., the hurdy-gurdy and recorder) and a number of new instruments (e.g, the cello, contrabass and fortepiano). Some instruments from previous eras fell into disuse, such as the shawm and the wooden cornet. The key Baroque instruments for strings included the violin, viol, viola, viola d'amore, cello, contrabass, lute, theorbo (which often played the basso continuo parts), mandolin, cittern, Baroque guitar, harp and hurdy-gurdy. Woodwinds included the Baroque flute, Baroque oboe, rackett, recorder and the bassoon. Brass instruments included the cornett, natural horn, Baroque trumpet, serpent and the trombone. Keyboard instruments included the clavichord, tangent piano, the fortepiano (an early version of the piano), the harpsichord and the pipe organ. Percussion instruments included the timpani, snare drum, tambourine and the castanets.

question: The cello, contrabrass and fortepiano were new instruments during what period?, answer: Baroque | question: What happened to the shawn and the wooden cornet during the Baroque period?, answer: fell into disuse | question: The timpani ans castanets are what type of instrument?, answer: Percussion | question: The serpent is what type of instrument?, answer: Brass | question: Which string instrument often played the basso continuo parts?, answer: theorbo
Baroque music is characterized by the use of complex tonal counterpoint and the use of a basso continuo, a continuous bass line. Music became more complex in comparison with the songs of earlier periods. The beginnings of the sonata form took shape in the canzona, as did a more formalized notion of theme and variations. The tonalities of major and minor as means for managing dissonance and chromaticism in music took full shape.

question: Basso continuo and complex tonal counterpoint characterize what type of music?, answer: Baroque | question: What does basso continuo mean?, answer: a continuous bass line | question: What did music become during the Baroque era in comparison with earlier periods?, answer: more complex | question: What form began to take shape during the Baroque era?, answer: the sonata form | question: Major and minor what are means for managing dissonance and chromaticism?, answer: tonalities
Barça beat Athletic Bilbao 4–1 in the 2009 Copa del Rey Final, winning the competition for a record-breaking 25th time. A historic 2–6 victory against Real Madrid followed three days later and ensured that Barcelona became La Liga champions for the 2008–09 season. Barça finished the season by beating the previous year's Champions League winners Manchester United 2–0 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome to win their third Champions League title and completed the first ever treble won by a Spanish team. The team went on to win the 2009 Supercopa de España against Athletic Bilbao and the 2009 UEFA Super Cup against Shakhtar Donetsk, becoming the first European club to win both domestic and European Super Cups following a treble. In December 2009, Barcelona won the 2009 FIFA Club World Cup, and became the first football club ever to accomplish the sextuple. Barcelona accomplished two new records in Spanish football in 2010 as they retained the La Liga trophy with 99 points and won the Spanish Super Cup trophy for a ninth time.

question: How many times did Barcelona win the Copa del Rey?, answer: 25 | question: What team did Barcelona beat to win La Liga for the 2008-09 season?, answer: Real Madrid | question: What team did Barcelona beat to win 2008-09 Champions League title?, answer: Manchester United | question: Which Spanish team did Barcelona defeat to win the Supercopa de Espana?, answer: Athletic Bilbao | question: When Barcelona won 2009 FIFA Club World Cup, what first time feat did they accomplish?, answer: sextuple
Barça's local rival has always been Espanyol. Blanc-i-blaus, being one of the clubs granted royal patronage, was founded exclusively by Spanish football fans, unlike the multinational nature of Barça's primary board. The founding message of the club was clearly anti-Barcelona, and they disapprovingly saw FC Barcelona as a team of foreigners. The rivalry was strengthened by what Catalonians saw as a provocative representative of Madrid. Their original ground was in the affluent district of Sarrià.

question: What team is Barcelona's local rival?, answer: Espanyol | question: What club was granted royal patronage?, answer: Blanc-i-blaus | question: What type of group founded Espanyol?, answer: Spanish football fans | question: Of what element of Barcelona's board did Espanyol disapprove?, answer: multinational nature | question: Of what does team Espanyol view Barcelona as a team ?, answer: foreigners
Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian elaborations of general vertebrate arousal patterns, in which neurochemicals (for example, dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin) step-up or step-down the brain's activity level, as visible in body movements, gestures and postures. Emotions can likely be mediated by pheromones (see fear).

question: What system was examined to develop the neurobiological explanation of human emotion?, answer: limbic | question: What classification of chemicals do dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline belong to?, answer: neurochemicals | question: What chemicals may mediate emotions?, answer: pheromones | question: Reactive responses are present in the brains of what animals?, answer: reptiles | question: The neurobiological explanation is specific to what types of brains?, answer: mammalian
Based on earlier research work by Loyd Ancile Jones (1884–1954) of Kodak and inspired by the systems of Weston film speed ratings and General Electric film values, the American Standards Association (now named ANSI) defined a new method to determine and specify film speeds of black-and-white negative films in 1943. ASA Z38.2.1-1943 was revised in 1946 and 1947 before the standard grew into ASA PH2.5-1954. Originally, ASA values were frequently referred to as American standard speed numbers or ASA exposure-index numbers. (See also: Exposure Index (EI).)

question: Who pioneered research that led to the new ANSI values?, answer: Loyd Ancile Jones | question: What standards were the ANSI developed from?, answer: Weston film speed ratings and General Electric film values | question: What types of film did the ANSI measure?, answer: black-and-white negative films | question: When did the ANSI define its new measure?, answer: 1943 | question: What were ANSI values often called in the beginning?, answer: American standard speed numbers or ASA exposure-index numbers
Based on earlier transmitted reports, in the year 632, after the demise of Muhammad a number of his companions who knew the Quran by heart were killed in a battle by Musaylimah, the first caliph Abu Bakr (d. 634) decided to collect the book in one volume so that it could be preserved. Zayd ibn Thabit (d. 655) was the person to collect the Quran since "he used to write the Divine Inspiration for Allah's Apostle". Thus, a group of scribes, most importantly Zayd, collected the verses and produced a hand-written manuscript of the complete book. The manuscript according to Zayd remained with Abu Bakr until he died. Zayd's reaction to the task and the difficulties in collecting the Quranic material from parchments, palm-leaf stalks, thin stones and from men who knew it by heart is recorded in earlier narratives. After Abu Bakr, Hafsa bint Umar, Muhammad's widow, was entrusted with the manuscript. In about 650, the third Caliph Uthman ibn Affan (d. 656) began noticing slight differences in pronunciation of the Quran as Islam expanded beyond the Arabian Peninsula into Persia, the Levant, and North Africa. In order to preserve the sanctity of the text, he ordered a committee headed by Zayd to use Abu Bakr's copy and prepare a standard copy of the Quran. Thus, within 20 years of Muhammad's death, the Quran was committed to written form. That text became the model from which copies were made and promulgated throughout the urban centers of the Muslim world, and other versions are believed to have been destroyed. The present form of the Quran text is accepted by Muslim scholars to be the original version compiled by Abu Bakr.

question: Which caliph decided to preserve the Quran as a single book after some of Muhammad's companions were killed in battle?, answer: Abu Bakr | question: Which scribe led the production of the first written Quran?, answer: Zayd ibn Thabit | question: In which year did Abu Bakr die?, answer: 634 | question: Who took possession of the first Quran manuscript after Abu Bakr?, answer: Hafsa bint Umar | question: Which caliph ordered the Quran manuscript copied and standardized?, answer: Uthman ibn Affan
Based on experience with German strategic bombing during World War I against the United Kingdom, the British government estimated after the war that 50 casualties— with about one third killed— would result for every tonne of bombs dropped on London. The estimate of tonnes of bombs an enemy could drop per day grew as aircraft technology advanced, from 75 in 1922, to 150 in 1934, to 644 in 1937. That year the Committee on Imperial Defence estimated that an attack of 60 days would result in 600,000 dead and 1,200,000 wounded. News reports of the Spanish Civil War, such as the bombing of Barcelona, supported the 50-casualties-per-tonne estimate. By 1938 experts generally expected that Germany would attempt to drop as much as 3,500 tonnes in the first 24 hours of war and average 700 tonnes a day for several weeks. In addition to high explosive and incendiary bombs the enemy would possibly use poison gas and even bacteriological warfare, all with a high degree of accuracy. In 1939 military theorist Basil Liddell-Hart predicted that 250,000 deaths and injuries in Britain could occur in the first week of war.

question: How many casualties did the British government estimate for every ton of bombs dropped?, answer: 50 | question: As technology increased what was the amount of bombs that could be dropped in 1937 per day?, answer: 644 | question: How many tons did experts expect Germany to drop in the first 24 hours of the war?, answer: 3,500 | question: What committee estimated that 60 days of attacks would result in 600,000 deaths?, answer: Imperial Defence | question: Who was the military theorist in 1939 who said 250,000 deaths and injury could occur in the first week of war in Britian?, answer: Basil Liddell-Hart
Based on fossil and biological evidence, most scientists accept that birds are a specialized subgroup of theropod dinosaurs, and more specifically, they are members of Maniraptora, a group of theropods which includes dromaeosaurs and oviraptorids, among others. As scientists have discovered more theropods closely related to birds, the previously clear distinction between non-birds and birds has become blurred. Recent discoveries in the Liaoning Province of northeast China, which demonstrate many small theropod feathered dinosaurs, contribute to this ambiguity.

question: What evidence leads most scientists to accept that birds are a specialized subgroup of theropod dinosaurs?, answer: fossil and biological evidence | question: What is a group of theropods which include dromaeosaurs and oviraptorids?, answer: Maniraptora | question: Recent discoveries in what country demonstrate many small theropod feathered dinosaurs., answer: China
Based on studies of these bronze inscriptions, it is clear that, from the Shang dynasty writing to that of the Western Zhou and early Eastern Zhou, the mainstream script evolved in a slow, unbroken fashion, until assuming the form that is now known as seal script in the late Eastern Zhou in the state of Qin, without any clear line of division. Meanwhile, other scripts had evolved, especially in the eastern and southern areas during the late Zhou dynasty, including regional forms, such as the gǔwén ("ancient forms") of the eastern Warring States preserved as variant forms in the Han dynasty character dictionary Shuowen Jiezi, as well as decorative forms such as bird and insect scripts.

question: What has evolved over time?, answer: scripts | question: What type of forms are bird and insect scripts considered?, answer: decorative | question: What is guwen considered as?, answer: ancient forms
Based on the similar shifts underway the nation's economy after 1960, Philadelphia experienced a loss of manufacturing companies and jobs to lower taxed regions of the USA and often overseas. As a result, the economic base of Philadelphia, which had historically been manufacturing, declined significantly. In addition, consolidation in several American industries (retailing, financial services and health care in particular) reduced the number of companies headquartered in Philadelphia. The economic impact of these changes would reduce Philadelphia's tax base and the resources of local government. Philadelphia struggled through a long period of adjustment to these economic changes, coupled with significant demographic change as wealthier residents moved into the nearby suburbs and more immigrants moved into the city. The city in fact approached bankruptcy in the late 1980s. Revitalization began in the 1990s, with gentrification turning around many neighborhoods and reversing its decades-long trend of population loss.

question: What was the historical economic base of Philadelphia?, answer: manufacturing | question: When did the city near bankruptcy?, answer: late 1980s | question: Where did wealthy residents move?, answer: suburbs | question: Who replaced the wealthy?, answer: immigrants