lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The current "Precentor" (Head of Music) is Tim Johnson, and the School boasts eight organs and an entire building for music (performance spaces include the School Hall, the Farrer Theatre and two halls dedicated to music, the Parry Hall and the Concert Hall). Many instruments are taught, including obscure ones such as the didgeridoo. The School participates in many national competitions; many pupils are part of the National Youth Orchestra, and the School gives scholarships for dedicated and talented musicians. A former Precentor of the college, Ralph Allwood set up and organised Eton Choral Courses, which run at the School every summer.

question: What term is given to the Head of Music?, answer: "Precentor" | question: What is an example of a lesser-known instrument taught at Eton?, answer: didgeridoo | question: Who is the current Precentor?, answer: Tim Johnson | question: How many organs does Eton house?, answer: eight
The current Chief of the Defence Staff, the professional head of the British Armed Forces, is General Sir Nicholas Houghton, late Green Howards. He is supported by the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, by the professional heads of the three services of HM Armed Forces and by the Commander of Joint Forces Command.

question: What is the name of the person who is the current Chief of the Defence Staff?, answer: General Sir Nicholas Houghton | question: Who is the professional head of the British Armed Forces?, answer: Chief of the Defence Staff | question: The professional heads of what three services support the Chief of the Defence Staff?, answer: HM Armed Forces | question: Which person in the Joint Forces Command supports the Chief of the Defence Staff?, answer: the Commander
The current I(t) through any component in an electric circuit is defined as the rate of flow of a charge Q(t) passing through it, but actual charges—electrons—cannot pass through the dielectric layer of a capacitor. Rather, one electron accumulates on the negative plate for each one that leaves the positive plate, resulting in an electron depletion and consequent positive charge on one electrode that is equal and opposite to the accumulated negative charge on the other. Thus the charge on the electrodes is equal to the integral of the current as well as proportional to the voltage, as discussed above. As with any antiderivative, a constant of integration is added to represent the initial voltage V(t0). This is the integral form of the capacitor equation:

question: What is the definition of the current I(t) through any component in an electric circuit?, answer: the rate of flow of a charge Q(t) passing through it | question: For each electron that departs the positive plate, how many electrons build up on the negative plate?, answer: one electron accumulates on the negative plate | question: To what is the charge on the electrodes of a capacitor equal to?, answer: the integral of the current | question: To what is the charge on the electrodes of a capacitor proportional to?, answer: proportional to the voltage | question: When calculating the integral to determine the charge on the electrodes of a capacitor, what does the constant of integration that must be added represent?, answer: the initial voltage V(t0)
The current Mac product family uses Intel x86-64 processors. Apple introduced an emulator during the transition from PowerPC chips (called Rosetta), much as it did during the transition from Motorola 68000 architecture a decade earlier. The Macintosh is the only mainstream computer platform to have successfully transitioned to a new CPU architecture, and has done so twice. All current Mac models ship with at least 8 GB of RAM as standard other than the 1.4 GHz Mac Mini, MacBook Pro (without Retina Display), and MacBook Air. Current Mac computers use ATI Radeon or nVidia GeForce graphics cards as well as Intel graphics built into the main CPU. All current Macs (except for the MacBook Pro without Retina Display) do not ship with an optical media drive that includes a dual-function DVD/CD burner. Apple refers to this as a SuperDrive. Current Macs include two standard data transfer ports: USB and Thunderbolt (except for the MacBook (2015 version), which only has a USB-C port and headphone port). MacBook Pro, iMac, MacBook Air, and Mac Mini computers now also feature the "Thunderbolt" port, which Apple says can transfer data at speeds up to 10 gigabits per second. USB was introduced in the 1998 iMac G3 and is ubiquitous today, while FireWire is mainly reserved for high-performance devices such as hard drives or video cameras. Starting with the then-new iMac G5, released in October 2005, Apple started to include built-in iSight cameras on appropriate models, and a media center interface called Front Row that can be operated by an Apple Remote or keyboard for accessing media stored on the computer. Front Row has been discontinued as of 2011, however, and the Apple Remote is no longer bundled with new Macs.

question: What is the only mainstream computer platform to successfully transition to a new CPU architecture?, answer: Macintosh | question: What is the standard amount of RAM included with almost all current Mac models?, answer: 8 GB | question: Which MacBook Pro port can transfer data at speeds up to 10 gigabits per second?, answer: Thunderbolt | question: When was the iMac G5 released?, answer: October 2005 | question: Which interface did Apple introduce that was capable of being operated by an Apple Remote or keyboard for accessing media stored on the computer?, answer: Front Row | question: What is the standard amount of RAM shipped with most Mac models?, answer: 8 GB | question: What processors are used by the current Mac product family?, answer: Intel x86-64 | question: How many data transfer ports are included in most current Macs?, answer: two | question: According to Apple, how fast can the Thunderbolt port transfer data?, answer: up to 10 gigabits per second.
The current Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, of the United States House of Representatives serves as floor leader of the opposition party, and is the counterpart to the Majority Leader. Unlike the Majority Leader, the Minority Leader is on the ballot for Speaker of the House during the convening of the Congress. If the Minority Leader's party takes control of the House, and the party officers are all re-elected to their seats, the Minority Leader is usually the party's top choice for Speaker for the next Congress, while the Minority Whip is typically in line to become Majority Leader. The Minority Leader usually meets with the Majority Leader and the Speaker to discuss agreements on controversial issues.

question: Who takes over as Speaker if the minority party gains control of the house?, answer: Minority Leader is usually the party's top choice for Speaker | question: What meetings do Minority and Majority leaders usually meet to discuss?, answer: agreements on controversial issues | question: Who is he current Minority leader?, answer: Nancy Pelosi | question: If minority party takes control of congress, who is usually in link to become majority leader?, answer: Minority Leader
The current US fleet of Nimitz-class carriers will be followed into service (and in some cases replaced) by the ten-ship Gerald R. Ford class. It is expected that the ships will be more automated in an effort to reduce the amount of funding required to staff, maintain and operate its supercarriers. The main new features are implementation of Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) (which replace the old steam catapults) and unmanned aerial vehicles. With the deactivation of USS Enterprise in December 2012 (decommissioning scheduled for 2016), the U.S. fleet comprises 10 active supercarriers. On 24 July 2007, the House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee recommended seven or eight new carriers (one every four years). However, the debate has deepened over budgeting for the $12–14.5 billion (plus $12 billion for development and research) for the 100,000 ton Gerald R. Ford-class carrier (estimated service 2016) compared to the smaller $2 billion 45,000 ton America-class amphibious assault ships able to deploy squadrons of F-35B of which one is already active, another is under construction and nine more are planned.

question: What will some of the current US fleet of Nimitz-class carriers be replaced with?, answer: the ten-ship Gerald R. Ford class | question: Which feature of the new ships will replace the old steam catapults?, answer: Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) | question: When is the USS Enterprise scheduled to be decommissioned?, answer: 2016 | question: How much does the Gerald R. Ford-class carrier weigh?, answer: 100,000 ton | question: How much does the America-class amphibious assault ship weigh?, answer: 45,000 ton
The current economy of the city is basically newly developed based on the past. Service industries are dominating, accounting for about 60 percent of the GDP of the city, and financial industry, culture industry and tourism industry are top 3 of them. Industries of information technology, energy saving and environmental protection, new energy, smart power grid and intelligent equipment manufacturing have become pillar industries. Big private firms include Suning, Yurun, Sanpower, Fuzhong, Hiteker, 5stars, Jinpu, Tiandi, CTTQ Pharmaceutical and Simcere Pharmaceutical. Big state-owned firms include Panda Electronics, Yangzi Petrochemical, Jinling Petrochemical, Nanjing Chemical, Nanjing Steel, Jincheng Motors, Jinling Pharmaceutical, Chenguang and NARI. The city has also attracted foreign investment, multinational firms such as Siemens, Ericsson, Volkswagen, Iveco, A.O. Smith, and Sharp have established their lines, and a number of multinationals such as Ford, IBM, Lucent, Samsung and SAP established research center there. Many China-based leading firms such as Huawei, ZTE and Lenovo have key R & D institutes in the city. Nanjing is an industrial technology research and development hub, hosting many R & D centers and institutions, especially in areas of electronics technology, information technology, computer software, biotechnology and pharmaceutical technology and new material technology.

question: What type of industries are now dominant in Nanjing?, answer: Service industries | question: How much of the city's GDP do the service industries contribute to?, answer: about 60 percent | question: Companies such as Huawei, ZTE and Lenovo have built what in Nanjing?, answer: many R & D centers and institutions | question: Companies such as Ford, IBM, Lucent, Samsung and SAP have built what in Nanjing?, answer: research center | question: The top 3 industries in Nanjing are?, answer: financial industry, culture industry and tourism industry
The current–voltage characteristic of an LED is similar to other diodes, in that the current is dependent exponentially on the voltage (see Shockley diode equation). This means that a small change in voltage can cause a large change in current. If the applied voltage exceeds the LED's forward voltage drop by a small amount, the current rating may be exceeded by a large amount, potentially damaging or destroying the LED. The typical solution is to use constant-current power supplies to keep the current below the LED's maximum current rating. Since most common power sources (batteries, mains) are constant-voltage sources, most LED fixtures must include a power converter, at least a current-limiting resistor. However, the high resistance of three-volt coin cells combined with the high differential resistance of nitride-based LEDs makes it possible to power such an LED from such a coin cell without an external resistor.

question: How are LEDs similar to other diodes?, answer: the current is dependent exponentially on the voltage | question: What is a solution to preventing an LED failure?, answer: use constant-current power supplies | question: What can cause a large change in current in LEDs?, answer: a small change in voltage | question: What is a constant-voltage source?, answer: batteries | question: What feature do most LED fixtures need to have?, answer: a power converter
The cursive script (草書(书), cǎoshū, literally "grass script") is used informally. The basic character shapes are suggested, rather than explicitly realized, and the abbreviations are sometimes extreme. Despite being cursive to the point where individual strokes are no longer differentiable and the characters often illegible to the untrained eye, this script (also known as draft) is highly revered for the beauty and freedom that it embodies. Some of the simplified Chinese characters adopted by the People's Republic of China, and some simplified characters used in Japan, are derived from the cursive script. The Japanese hiragana script is also derived from this script.

question: What script is used informally?, answer: cursive | question: What are suggested, rather than explicitly realized?, answer: basic character shapes | question: What script is derived from the cursive script?, answer: Japanese hiragana script
The data indicate that the individual was from a population directly ancestral to present South American and Central American Native American populations, and closely related to present North American Native American populations. The implication is that there was an early divergence between North American and Central American plus South American populations. Hypotheses which posit that invasions subsequent to the Clovis culture overwhelmed or assimilated previous migrants into the Americas were ruled out.

question: What does the data indicate about the population the individual was from?, answer: directly ancestral | question: What populations is the individual closely related to?, answer: present North American Native American | question: What type of divergence is implicated to have occurred between North American and South American populations?, answer: early | question: Theories that there were invasions which overwhelmed or assimilated previous migrants into the Americas have been what?, answer: ruled out
The dates are generalizations, since the periods and eras overlap and the categories are somewhat arbitrary, to the point that some authorities reverse terminologies and refer to a common practice "era" comprising baroque, classical, and romantic "periods". For example, the use of counterpoint and fugue, which is considered characteristic of the Baroque era (or period), was continued by Haydn, who is classified as typical of the Classical era. Beethoven, who is often described as a founder of the Romantic era, and Brahms, who is classified as Romantic, also used counterpoint and fugue, but other characteristics of their music define their era.

question: What composer continued the counterpoint and fugue?, answer: Haydn | question: Haydn is classified as typical of what era?, answer: Classical | question: Who is described as a founder of the Romantic era?, answer: Beethoven | question: Who is classified as Romantic, but also uses counterpoint and fugue?, answer: Brahms | question: Some authorities reverse terminologies to refer to the common practice period as a what?, answer: era
The day after the Pact was signed, the French and British military negotiation delegation urgently requested a meeting with Soviet military negotiator Kliment Voroshilov. On August 25, Voroshilov told them "[i]n view of the changed political situation, no useful purpose can be served in continuing the conversation." That day, Hitler told the British ambassador to Berlin that the pact with the Soviets prevented Germany from facing a two front war, changing the strategic situation from that in World War I, and that Britain should accept his demands regarding Poland.

question: What was the response of Kliment Voroshilov in regards to further conversations with Britain and France?, answer: no useful purpose | question: Who should accept the annexation of Poland?, answer: Britain | question: By accepting the deal with the USSR, Hitler admitted that it prevented what?, answer: facing a two front war
The death penalty is sought and applied more often in some jurisdictions, not only between states but within states. A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty. Texas gave 2 percent of murderers a death sentence, less than the national average. Texas, however, executed 40 percent of those sentenced, which was about four times higher than the national average. California had executed only 1 percent of those sentenced.

question: What percentage of murderers in the United States are given a death sentence?, answer: 2.5 | question: How many murderers in Nevada were given a capital sentence?, answer: 6 | question: What state notably executes 40% of those given the death penalty?, answer: Texas | question: How much higher is the rate of execution in Texas versus the national average?, answer: four times | question: What percentage of murderers in California are given the death penalty and subsequently executed?, answer: 1
The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. Hugo Preuss, the father of the Weimar Constitution, drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states. His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and concerns of the government. Article 18 of the constitution enabled a new delimitation of the German territory but set high hurdles: Three fifth of the votes handed in, and at least the majority of the population are necessary to decide on the alteration of territory. In fact, until 1933 there were only four changes in the configuration of the German states: The 7 Thuringian states were merged in 1920, whereby Coburg opted for Bavaria, Pyrmont joined Prussia in 1922, and Waldeck did so in 1929. Any later plans to break up the dominating Prussia into smaller states failed because political circumstances were not favorable to state reforms.

question: When did the debate on delimitation begin in Germany?, answer: 1919 | question: Who was the father of the Weimar Constitution?, answer: Hugo Preuss | question: How many states was the German Reich to divided into?, answer: 14 | question: Until 1933 how many configurations in the German states occurred?, answer: four | question: When did Pyrmont join Prussia?, answer: 1922
The debating societies discussed an extremely wide range of topics. Before the Enlightenment, most intellectual debates revolved around "confessional" – that is, Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed (Calvinist), or Anglican issues, and the main aim of these debates was to establish which bloc of faith ought to have the "monopoly of truth and a God-given title to authority". After this date everything thus previously rooted in tradition was questioned and often replaced by new concepts in the light of philosophical reason. After the second half of the 17th century and during the 18th century, a "general process of rationalization and secularization set in," and confessional disputes were reduced to a secondary status in favor of the "escalating contest between faith and incredulity".

question: Before the Enlightenment, most intellectual debates revoled around what subject?, answer: "confessional" | question: Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed (Calvinist), or Anglican issues were called what?, answer: "confessional" | question: During what time period did a "general process of rationalization and secularization set in"?, answer: second half of the 17th century and during the 18th century | question: The aim of confessional debates was to establish which bloc of faith should have what?, answer: the "monopoly of truth and a God-given title to authority"
The decade began with the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880, held in the large purpose-built Exhibition Building. In 1880 a telephone exchange was established and in the same year the foundations of St Paul's, were laid; in 1881 electric light was installed in the Eastern Market, and in the following year a generating station capable of supplying 2,000 incandescent lamps was in operation. In 1885 the first line of the Melbourne cable tramway system was built, becoming one of the worlds most extensive systems by 1890.

question: In what year was a telephone exchange established in Melbourne?, answer: 1880 | question: When was the first electric light installed in the Eastern Market?, answer: 1881 | question: In what year was the first line of the Melbourne cable tramway system built?, answer: 1885 | question: In what building was the Melbourne Internation Exhibition of 1880 held?, answer: Exhibition Building
The decidedly anti-Aristotelian and anti-clerical music theorist Vincenzo Galilei (ca. 1520–1591), father of Galileo and the inventor of monody, made use of the method in successfully solving musical problems, firstly, of tuning such as the relationship of pitch to string tension and mass in stringed instruments, and to volume of air in wind instruments; and secondly to composition, by his various suggestions to composers in his Dialogo della musica antica e moderna (Florence, 1581). The Italian word he used for "experiment" was esperienza. It is known that he was the essential pedagogical influence upon the young Galileo, his eldest son (cf. Coelho, ed. Music and Science in the Age of Galileo Galilei), arguably one of the most influential empiricists in history. Vincenzo, through his tuning research, found the underlying truth at the heart of the misunderstood myth of 'Pythagoras' hammers' (the square of the numbers concerned yielded those musical intervals, not the actual numbers, as believed), and through this and other discoveries that demonstrated the fallibility of traditional authorities, a radically empirical attitude developed, passed on to Galileo, which regarded "experience and demonstration" as the sine qua non of valid rational enquiry.

question: When was Vincenzo Galilei born?, answer: ca. 1520 | question: When did Vincenzo Galilei die?, answer: 1591 | question: Who was Vincenzo Galilei's oldest son?, answer: Galileo | question: What does 'esperienza' mean?, answer: experiment
The decision to change strategy is sometimes claimed as a major mistake by the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL). It is argued that persisting with attacks on RAF airfields might have won air superiority for the Luftwaffe. Others argue that the Luftwaffe made little impression on Fighter Command in the last week of August and first week of September and that the shift in strategy was not decisive. It has also been argued that it was doubtful the Luftwaffe could have won air superiority before the "weather window" began to deteriorate in October. It was also possible, if RAF losses became severe, that they could pull out to the north, wait for the German invasion, then redeploy southward again. Other historians argue that the outcome of the air battle was irrelevant; the massive numerical superiority of British naval forces and the inherent weakness of the Kriegsmarine would have made the projected German invasion, Unternehmen Seelöwe (Operation Sea Lion), a disaster with or without German air superiority.

question: What does OKL stand for?, answer: Oberkommando der Luftwaffe | question: What month would the weather window begin to decline?, answer: October | question: If serious loss had happened to the RAF where might they have pulled out of?, answer: the north | question: What is the German name of Operation Sea Lion?, answer: Unternehmen Seelöwe | question: Who had exponential larger naval forces?, answer: British naval forces