lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The traditional parish system persisted until the Reconstruction Era, when counties were imposed.[citation needed] Nevertheless, traditional parishes still exist in various capacities, mainly as public service districts. When the city of Charleston was formed, it was defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Philip and St. Michael, now also includes parts of St. James' Parish, St. George's Parish, St. Andrew's Parish, and St. John's Parish, although the last two are mostly still incorporated rural parishes.

question: What era brought counties to South Carolina?, answer: Reconstruction Era | question: Counties replaced what system in South Carolina?, answer: traditional parish system | question: What is the main use of the parish system nowadays?, answer: public service districts | question: The city of Charleston is defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Michael and what other parish?, answer: Parish of St. Philip | question: What other parish besides St. John's Parish is mostly an incorporated rural parish?, answer: St. Andrew's Parish
The traditional picture of an orderly series of scripts, each one invented suddenly and then completely displacing the previous one, has been conclusively demonstrated to be fiction by the archaeological finds and scholarly research of the later 20th and early 21st centuries. Gradual evolution and the coexistence of two or more scripts was more often the case. As early as the Shang dynasty, oracle-bone script coexisted as a simplified form alongside the normal script of bamboo books (preserved in typical bronze inscriptions), as well as the extra-elaborate pictorial forms (often clan emblems) found on many bronzes.

question: What existed as early as the Shang dynasty?, answer: oracle-bone script | question: What did the oracle-bone script coexist alongside?, answer: bamboo books | question: What were preserved in typical bronze inscriptions?, answer: bamboo books
The tram system that now criss-crosses the historic city centre complements walking and biking in it. The centre has been transformed into a pedestrian priority zone that enables and invites walking and biking by making these active modes of transport comfortable, safe and enjoyable. These attributes are accomplished by applying the principle of "filtered permeability" to the existing irregular network of streets. It means that the network adaptations favour active transportation and, selectively, "filter out" the car by reducing the number of streets that run through the centre. While certain streets are discontinuous for cars, they connect to a network of pedestrian and bike paths which permeate the entire centre. In addition, these paths go through public squares and open spaces increasing the enjoyment of the trip. This logic of filtering a mode of transport is fully expressed in a comprehensive model for laying out neighbourhoods and districts – the Fused Grid.

question: What system also complements walking and biking?, answer: tram | question: What kind of priority zone has the city centre been transformed into?, answer: pedestrian | question: What do bike paths go through to add enjoyment to the trip?, answer: public squares | question: What is the layout of the neighbourhoods called?, answer: Fused Grid
The transcribed pre-mRNA contains untranslated regions at both ends which contain a ribosome binding site, terminator and start and stop codons. In addition, most eukaryotic open reading frames contain untranslated introns which are removed before the exons are translated. The sequences at the ends of the introns, dictate the splice sites to generate the final mature mRNA which encodes the protein or RNA product.

question: What is at both ends of the transcribed pre-mRNA?, answer: untranslated regions | question: Where are the ribosome binding site, terminator and start and stop codons located on transcribed pre-mRNA?, answer: untranslated regions | question: What do most eukaryotic open reading frames contain?, answer: untranslated introns | question: What dictates the splice sites to generate the final mature mRNA?, answer: The sequences at the ends of the introns | question: What encodes the protein or RNA product?, answer: the splice sites to generate the final mature mRNA
The transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices, and is ubiquitous in modern electronic systems. First conceived by Julius Lilienfeld in 1926 and practically implemented in 1947 by American physicists John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley, the transistor revolutionized the field of electronics, and paved the way for smaller and cheaper radios, calculators, and computers, among other things. The transistor is on the list of IEEE milestones in electronics, and Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for their achievement.

question: When was the first transistor created?, answer: 1926 | question: Who invented the first transistor?, answer: Julius Lilienfeld | question: When was the first transistor implemented for practical use?, answer: 1947 | question: When did the implementers receive a Nobel Prize for making the transistor?, answer: 1956 | question: What list is the transistor on?, answer: list of IEEE milestones in electronics
The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not necessarily a one way process. It has been argued that hunting and gathering represents an adaptive strategy, which may still be exploited, if necessary, when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists. In fact, it is sometimes difficult to draw a clear line between agricultural and hunter-gatherer societies, especially since the widespread adoption of agriculture and resulting cultural diffusion that has occurred in the last 10,000 years.[citation needed] This anthropological view has remained unchanged since the 1960s.[clarification needed][citation needed]

question: What is hunting and gathering argued to be?, answer: adaptive strategy | question: What situation can cause food stresses that make hunting-gathering necessary?, answer: environmental change | question: What change from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not easy to mark?, answer: transition | question: Besides the use of agriculture, what other factor clouds the issue of the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture?, answer: cultural diffusion | question: How long has this cultural diffusion been happening?, answer: last 10,000 years
The transition from independence to a relatively minor part of a larger union was not easily accepted. To quell uprisings Charles V was struggling to exert his power over the citizens of the city, who had struggled to gain a certain level of independence from the bishops and were not willing to cede this to their new lord. The heavily fortified castle Vredenburg was built to house a large garrison whose main task was to maintain control over the city. The castle would last less than 50 years before it was demolished in an uprising in the early stages of the Dutch Revolt.

question: Why was the transition to a new union difficult, answer: Charles V was struggling to exert his power over the citizens of the city, who had struggled to gain a certain level of independence from the bishops | question: What was the purpose of the castle, answer: The heavily fortified castle Vredenburg was built to house a large garrison whose main task was to maintain control over the city | question: How long did the castle last, answer: The castle would last less than 50 years before it was demolished in an uprising in the early stages of the Dutch Revolt
The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table. The mandolin grew in popularity over the next 60 years, in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall. After the Napoleonic Wars of 1815, however, its popularity began to fall. The 19th century produced some prominent players, including Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati. However, professional virtuosity was in decline, and the mandolin music changed as the mandolin became a folk instrument; "the large repertoire of notated instrumental music for the mandolino and the mandoline was completely forgotten". The export market for mandolins from Italy dried up around 1815, and when Carmine de Laurentiis wrote a mandolin method in 1874, the Music World magazine wrote that the mandolin was "out of date." Salvador Léonardi mentioned this decline in his 1921 book, Méthode pour Banjoline ou Mandoline-Banjo, saying that the mandolin had been declining in popularity from previous times.

question: What year was the beginning of the transition from mandolino to mandolin?, answer: 1744 | question: Where did the mandolin grow in popularity?, answer: in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall | question: When did the mandolin's popularity begin to fall?, answer: After the Napoleonic Wars of 1815, however, its popularity began to fall | question: Who were two of the promiment players in the 19th century?, answer: Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati | question: What year did the export market for manodlins from Italy dry up?, answer: 1815
The translator's role as a bridge for "carrying across" values between cultures has been discussed at least since Terence, the 2nd-century-BCE Roman adapter of Greek comedies. The translator's role is, however, by no means a passive, mechanical one, and so has also been compared to that of an artist. The main ground seems to be the concept of parallel creation found in critics such as Cicero. Dryden observed that "Translation is a type of drawing after life..." Comparison of the translator with a musician or actor goes back at least to Samuel Johnson’s remark about Alexander Pope playing Homer on a flageolet, while Homer himself used a bassoon.

question: How long has a translator's part in bridging values between cultures been discussed?, answer: at least since Terence | question: What did Terence adapt from the Greek's?, answer: comedies | question: A translator's role is less like a robot and more like a what?, answer: artist | question: Where was the concept of parallel creation found?, answer: Cicero | question: Who remarked about Alexander Pope playing Homer on a flageolet?, answer: Samuel Johnson
The treaty was published in the United States for the first time by the St. Louis Post-Dispatch on May 22, 1946, in Britain by the Manchester Guardian. It was also part of an official State Department publication, Nazi–Soviet Relations 1939–1941, edited by Raymond J. Sontag and James S. Beddie in January 1948. The decision to publish the key documents on German–Soviet relations, including the treaty and protocol, had been taken already in spring 1947. Sontag and Beddie prepared the collection throughout the summer of 1947. In November 1947, President Truman personally approved the publication but it was held back in view of the Foreign Ministers Conference in London scheduled for December. Since negotiations at that conference did not prove constructive from an American point of view, the document edition was sent to press. The documents made headlines worldwide. State Department officials counted it as a success: "The Soviet Government was caught flat-footed in what was the first effective blow from our side in a clear-cut propaganda war."

question: Who printed the secret German-Soviet treaty in Britain?, answer: the Manchester Guardian | question: Which world leader favored the publication of Nazi-Soviet Relations to be printed?, answer: President Truman | question: Where was the Foreign Ministers conference held?, answer: London | question: Who put the Nazi-Soviet Relations publication together?, answer: Raymond J. Sontag and James S. Beddie | question: What was the description of the Soviet government in the world press in regards to the treaty and subsequent breaking of the treaty by germany?, answer: flat-footed
The trends of Hellenization were therefore accompanied by Greeks adopting native ways over time, but this was widely varied by place and by social class. The farther away from the Mediterranean and the lower in social status, the more likely that a colonist was to adopt local ways, while the Greco-Macedonian elites and Royal families, usually remained thoroughly Greek and viewed most non-Greeks with disdain. It is only until Cleopatra VII, that a Ptolemaic ruler bothered to learn the Egyptian language of their subjects.

question: A colonist far from the Mediterranean and low in social rank would be more likely to do what?, answer: adopt local ways | question: Greco-Macedonian elites remained commited to what culture?, answer: Greek | question: Who did Greeks look down upon?, answer: non-Greeks | question: Who was the first Ptolemaic ruler to learn the Egyptian language?, answer: Cleopatra VII
The tribes were ruled by clans (ród) consisting of people related by blood or marriage and theoretically descending from a common ancestor, giving the ród/clan a highly developed sense of solidarity. (See gens.) The starosta (or starszyna) had judicial and military power over the ród/clan, although this power was often exercised with an assembly of elders. Strongholds called grόd were built where the religious cult was powerful, where trials were conducted, and where clans gathered in the face of danger. The opole was the territory occupied by a single tribe. (Manteuffel 1982, p. 44)

question: What ruled over the tribes?, answer: clans (ród) | question: What did the clans people all have in common?, answer: theoretically descending from a common ancestor | question: What gave them a sense of solidarity?, answer: related by blood or marriage | question: What were stronghold called?, answer: grόd | question: What was the territory occupied by a single tribe?, answer: opole
The trip to the Moon took just over three days. After achieving orbit, Armstrong and Aldrin transferred into the Lunar Module, named Eagle, and after a landing gear inspection by Collins remaining in the Command/Service Module Columbia, began their descent. After overcoming several computer overload alarms caused by an antenna switch left in the wrong position, and a slight downrange error, Armstrong took over manual flight control at about 180 meters (590 ft), and guided the Lunar Module to a safe landing spot at 20:18:04 UTC, July 20, 1969 (3:17:04 pm CDT). The first humans on the Moon would wait another six hours before they ventured out of their craft. At 02:56 UTC, July 21 (9:56 pm CDT July 20), Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the Moon.

question: How long did the trip to the Moon last for the crew of the Apollo 11?, answer: three days | question: The Lunar Module of the Apollo 11 was named after what animal?, answer: Eagle | question: Who was the first human to take a step on the Moon?, answer: Armstrong | question: At what time on Earth did Armstrong first step onto the Moon?, answer: 9:56 pm CDT July 20
The trip was intended to soften the strong isolationist tendencies among the North American public with regard to the developing tensions in Europe. Although the aim of the tour was mainly political, to shore up Atlantic support for the United Kingdom in any future war, the King and Queen were enthusiastically received by the public. The fear that George would be compared unfavourably to his predecessor, Edward VIII, was dispelled. They visited the 1939 New York World's Fair and stayed with President Franklin D. Roosevelt at the White House and at his private estate at Hyde Park, New York. A strong bond of friendship was forged between the King and Queen and the President during the tour, which had major significance in the relations between the United States and the United Kingdom through the ensuing war years.

question: What kind of tendencies did North America have?, answer: isolationist tendencies | question: Who was George's predecessor?, answer: Edward VIII | question: Who was the President of the United States in 1939?, answer: President Franklin D. Roosevelt | question: Which fair was happening in New York in 1939?, answer: 1939 New York World's Fair
The troops were reembarked and moved to the Bay of St. Lunaire in Brittany where, on 3 September, they were landed to operate against St. Malo; however, this action proved impractical. Worsening weather forced the two armies to separate: the ships sailed for the safer anchorage of St. Cast, while the army proceeded overland. The tardiness of Bligh in moving his forces allowed a French force of 10,000 from Brest to catch up with him and open fire on the reembarkation troops. A rear-guard of 1,400 under General Dury held off the French while the rest of the army embarked. They could not be saved; 750, including Dury, were killed and the rest captured.

question: What stopped the planned siege at St. Malo?, answer: Worsening weather | question: How did the army get to the new anchorage location?, answer: the army proceeded overland. | question: How did the fleet respond to the bad weather?, answer: the ships sailed for the safer anchorage of St. Cast | question: How did the British army escape, answer: A rear-guard of 1,400 under General Dury held off the French while the rest of the army embarked | question: What happened to the British army?, answer: a French force of 10,000 from Brest to catch up with him and open fire on the reembarkation troops
The trophy comes in three parts - the cup itself, plus a lid and a base. There have been two designs of trophy in use, but five physical trophies have been presented. The original trophy, known as the "little tin idol", was 18 inches high and made by Martin, Hall & Co. It was stolen in 1895 and never recovered, and so was replaced by an exact replica, used until 1910. The FA decided to change the design after the 1909 winners, Manchester United, made their own replica, leading the FA to realise they did not own the copyright. This new, larger design was by Messers Fattorini and Sons, and was used from 1911. In order to preserve this original, from 1992 it was replaced by an exact replica, although this had to be replaced after just over two decades, after showing wear and tear from being handled more than in previous eras. This third replica, first used in 2014, was built heavier to withstand the increased handling. Of the four surviving trophies, only the 1895 replica has entered private ownership.

question: How many parts does the trophy come in?, answer: The trophy comes in three parts | question: What is the parts of the trophy?, answer: - the cup itself, plus a lid and a base | question: How many trophy designs have there bee?, answer: There have been two designs of trophy in use | question: How many physical trophies have been presented?, answer: five physical trophies have been presented | question: When was the first design changed?, answer: . The FA decided to change the design after the 1909 winners, Manchester United, made their own replica,
The trustees of Columbia University refused to accept Eisenhower's resignation in December 1950, when he took an extended leave from the university to become the Supreme Commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and he was given operational command of NATO forces in Europe. Eisenhower retired from active service as an Army general on May 31, 1952, and he resumed his presidency of Columbia. He held this position until January 20, 1953, when he became the President of the United States.

question: When was Eisenhower's resignation of Columbia turned down?, answer: December 1950 | question: What role did Eisenhower fill after leaving Columbia?, answer: Supreme Commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization | question: On what date did Eisenhower leave active duty in the military?, answer: May 31, 1952 | question: What job did Eisenhower hold after his second tenure as president of Columbia?, answer: President of the United States | question: When did Eisenhower become President of the United States?, answer: January 20, 1953
The two different historical Estonian languages (sometimes considered dialects), the North and South Estonian languages, are based on the ancestors of modern Estonians' migration into the territory of Estonia in at least two different waves, both groups speaking considerably different Finnic vernaculars. Modern standard Estonian has evolved on the basis of the dialects of Northern Estonia.

question: What was the minimum number of waves through which modern Estonians migrated into Estonia?, answer: two | question: What are the names of the two separate Estonian languages?, answer: North and South Estonian languages
The two local Sunday Leagues in the Southampton area are the City of Southampton Sunday Football League and the Southampton and District Sunday Football League.

question: Local Southampton football leagues have what day of the week in their names?, answer: Sunday | question: How many local Sunday football leagues does Southampton have?, answer: two | question: What's the name of the local league with "City" in its name?, answer: City of Southampton Sunday Football League | question: What's the name of the the local league with "District" in its name?, answer: Southampton and District Sunday Football League
The two main denominations of Islam are the Sunni and Shia sects. They differ primarily upon of how the life of the ummah ("faithful") should be governed, and the role of the imam. These two main differences stem from the understanding of which hadith are to interpret the Quran. Sunnis believe the true political successor of the Prophet in Sunnah is based on ٍShura (consultation) at the Saqifah which selected Abu Bakr, father of the Prophet's favourite wife, 'A'ishah, to lead the Islamic community while the religious succession ceased to exist on account of finality of Prophethood. Shia on the other hand believe that the true political as well as religious successor is Ali ibn Abi Talib, husband of the Prophet's daughter Fatimah (designated by the Prophet).

question: Which Muslim denominations are the most dominant?, answer: Sunni and Shia | question: What are the two main things differentiating Sunni and Shia?, answer: how the life of the ummah ("faithful") should be governed, and the role of the imam | question: Who is believed, among Sunnis, to be the political successor of the Prophet?, answer: Abu Bakr | question: Who was Abu Bakr?, answer: father of the Prophet's favourite wife | question: Who was Ali ibn Abi Talib?, answer: husband of the Prophet's daughter Fatimah