lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Dell's reputation for poor customer service, since 2002, which was exacerbated as it moved call centres offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on the Web. The original Dell model was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands but by the 2000s, the company could not justify that level of service when computers in the same lineup sold for hundreds. Rollins responded by shifting Dick Hunter from head of manufacturing to head of customer service. Hunter, who noted that Dell's DNA of cost-cutting "got in the way," aimed to reduce call transfer times and have call center representatives resolve inquiries in one call. By 2006, Dell had spent $100 million in just a few months to improve on this, and rolled out DellConnect to answer customer inquiries more quickly. In July 2006, the company started its Direct2Dell blog, and then in February 2007, Michael Dell launched IdeaStorm.com, asking customers for advice including selling Linux computers and reducing the promotional "bloatware" on PCs. These initiatives did manage to cut the negative blog posts from 49% to 22%, as well as reduce the "Dell Hell" prominent on Internet search engines.

question: What did Dell have a poor reputation for?, answer: customer service | question: Where did Dell move its call centers?, answer: offshore | question: Which Dell employee was moved from head of manufacturing to head of customer service?, answer: Dick Hunter | question: How much had Dell spent by 2006 on improving customer service?, answer: $100 million
Demand in Europe for Chinese goods such as silk, tea, and ceramics could only be met if European companies funneled their limited supplies of silver into China. In the late 1700s, the governments of Britain and France were deeply concerned about the imbalance of trade and the drain of silver. To meet the growing Chinese demand for opium, the British East India Company greatly expanded its production in Bengal. Since China's economy was essentially self-sufficient, the country had little need to import goods or raw materials from the Europeans, so the usual way of payment was through silver. The Daoguang Emperor, concerned both over the outflow of silver and the damage that opium smoking was causing to his subjects, ordered Lin Zexu to end the opium trade. Lin confiscated the stocks of opium without compensation in 1839, leading Britain to send a military expedition the following year.

question: What products from China did Europeans want?, answer: silk, tea, and ceramics | question: What did the Chinese want in return?, answer: silver | question: What were the British and French concerned about?, answer: imbalance of trade and the drain of silver | question: What else did the Chinese want from the British?, answer: opium | question: Where was opium made?, answer: Bengal
Democracy, social-contract theory, separation of powers, religious freedom, separation of church and state – these achievements of the Reformation and early Protestantism were elaborated on and popularized by Enlightenment thinkers. Some of the philosophers of the English, Scottish, German, and Swiss Enlightenment - Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, John Toland, David Hume, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Christian Wolff, Immanuel Kant, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau - had Protestant backgrounds. For example, John Locke, whose political thought was based on "a set of Protestant Christian assumptions", derived the equality of all humans, including the equality of the genders ("Adam and Eve"), from Genesis 1, 26-28. As all persons were created equally free, all governments needed "the consent of the governed." These Lockean ideas were fundamental to the United States Declaration of Independence, which also deduced human rights from the biblical belief in creation: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness."

question: What group popularized early Protestant teachings about separation of church and state?, answer: Enlightenment thinkers | question: What did John Locke use as a basis for his political beliefs?, answer: a set of Protestant Christian assumptions | question: Whose ideas influenced the Declaration of Independence?, answer: John Locke | question: What Rights do the Declaration of Independence consider unalienable?, answer: Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness | question: What scripture did Locke use as a reference for equality?, answer: Genesis 1, 26-28
Democrats were elected to the legislature and governor's office, but the Populists attracted voters displeased with them. In 1896 a biracial, Populist-Republican Fusionist coalition gained the governor's office. The Democrats regained control of the legislature in 1896 and passed laws to impose Jim Crow and racial segregation of public facilities. Voters of North Carolina's 2nd congressional district elected a total of four African-American congressmen through these years of the late 19th century.

question: What political party was elected to the legislature and Governors office?, answer: Democrats | question: What political group attracted voters displeased with Democrats?, answer: Populists | question: What year did a biracial Populist fusion gain the Governors office?, answer: 1896 | question: What year did the Democrats regain control of the governors office from the biracial Populists?, answer: 1896 | question: In the 19th century, how many african american congressmen were elected?, answer: four
Denial of service attacks are designed to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users. Attackers can deny service to individual victims, such as by deliberately entering a wrong password enough consecutive times to cause the victim account to be locked, or they may overload the capabilities of a machine or network and block all users at once. While a network attack from a single IP address can be blocked by adding a new firewall rule, many forms of Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are possible, where the attack comes from a large number of points – and defending is much more difficult. Such attacks can originate from the zombie computers of a botnet, but a range of other techniques are possible including reflection and amplification attacks, where innocent systems are fooled into sending traffic to the victim.

question: What are attacks designed to make a machine or network unavailable to its intended users?, answer: Denial of service attacks | question: What does deliberately entering the wrong password enough consecutive times cause?, answer: the victim account to be locked | question: What are attacks where innocent systems are fooled into sending traffic to the victom called?, answer: reflection and amplification attacks | question: What does DDoS stand for?, answer: Distributed denial of service | question: How can a network attack from a single IP address be blocked?, answer: by adding a new firewall rule
Department stores today have sections that sell the following: clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods, do it yourself, paint, and hardware and additionally select other lines of products such as food, books, jewelry, electronics, stationery, photographic equipment, baby products, and products for pets. Customers check out near the front of the store or, alternatively, at sales counters within each department. Some are part of a retail chain of many stores, while others may be independent retailers. In the 1970s, they came under heavy pressure from discounters. Since 2010, they have come under even heavier pressure from online stores such as Amazon.

question: What sorts of departments might one see in a major department store?, answer: clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods | question: Who started influencing department stores in the 1970's?, answer: discounters | question: What has begun pressuring department stores in more recent years?, answer: online stores such as Amazon. | question: Other than at the check-out lanes at the front of a store, where may customers check out?, answer: at sales counters within each department.
Depending on a number of considerations, a company may apply for and be granted a patent for the drug, or the process of producing the drug, granting exclusivity rights typically for about 20 years. However, only after rigorous study and testing, which takes 10 to 15 years on average, will governmental authorities grant permission for the company to market and sell the drug. Patent protection enables the owner of the patent to recover the costs of research and development through high profit margins for the branded drug. When the patent protection for the drug expires, a generic drug is usually developed and sold by a competing company. The development and approval of generics is less expensive, allowing them to be sold at a lower price. Often the owner of the branded drug will introduce a generic version before the patent expires in order to get a head start in the generic market. Restructuring has therefore become routine, driven by the patent expiration of products launched during the industry's "golden era" in the 1990s and companies' failure to develop sufficient new blockbuster products to replace lost revenues.

question: How long do drug exclusivity rights usually last?, answer: 20 years | question: Governments grant permission to market drugs after how many years?, answer: 10 to 15 years on average | question: What enables a drug's owner to recover R&D costs?, answer: Patent protection | question: What kind of drug is produced by competitors once a patent expires?, answer: generic | question: What decade was the pharmaceutical industry's "golden era"?, answer: 1990s
Depending on which component of sexual orientation is being assessed and referenced, different conclusions can be drawn about the prevalence rate of homosexuality which has real world consequences. Knowing how much of the population is made up of homosexual individuals influences how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies. For example, if homosexual individuals constitute only 1% of the general population they are politically easier to ignore or than if they are known to be a constituency that surpasses most ethnic and ad minority groups. If the number is relatively minor then it is difficult to argue for community based same sex programs and services, mass media inclusion of gay role models, or Gay/Straight Alliances in schools. For this reason, in the 1970s Bruce Voeller, the chair of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force perpetuated a common myth that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women. Voeller generalized this finding and used it as part of the modern gay rights movement to convince politicians and the public that "we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere".

question: What myth did Bruce Voeller perpetuate in the 70's?, answer: that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population | question: What were the calculations of this myth?, answer: averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women | question: What message did Voeller deliver using this myth?, answer: we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere | question: What comes along with defining how much of the population is homosexual?, answer: influences how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies | question: What does knowing the sexual population influence?, answer: how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies | question: Who was the cahir of the national gay and lesbian task force in the 1970s?, answer: Bruce Voeller | question: What did Bruce Voeller do with his findings?, answer: used it as part of the modern gay rights movement to convince politicians and the public that "we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere". | question: What myth did Bruce Voeller preserve in the 1970s?, answer: that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women
Depleted uranium is also used as a shielding material in some containers used to store and transport radioactive materials. While the metal itself is radioactive, its high density makes it more effective than lead in halting radiation from strong sources such as radium. Other uses of depleted uranium include counterweights for aircraft control surfaces, as ballast for missile re-entry vehicles and as a shielding material. Due to its high density, this material is found in inertial guidance systems and in gyroscopic compasses. Depleted uranium is preferred over similarly dense metals due to its ability to be easily machined and cast as well as its relatively low cost. The main risk of exposure to depleted uranium is chemical poisoning by uranium oxide rather than radioactivity (uranium being only a weak alpha emitter).

question: What kind of uranium is sometimes used to shield radioactive materials in containers?, answer: Depleted | question: What is a strong source of radiation that is blocked by depleted uranium?, answer: radium | question: How is depleted uranium used in missile re-entry vehicles?, answer: ballast | question: What trait causes depleted uranium to be used in gyroscopic compasses?, answer: high density | question: What type of alpha emitter is uranium?, answer: weak
Depopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once part of the Eastern Roman Empire—came under the rule of the Caliphate, an Islamic empire, after conquest by Muhammad's successors. Although there were substantial changes in society and political structures, the break with Antiquity was not complete. The still-sizeable Byzantine Empire survived in the east and remained a major power. The empire's law code, the Code of Justinian, was rediscovered in Northern Italy in 1070 and became widely admired later in the Middle Ages. In the West, most kingdoms incorporated the few extant Roman institutions. Monasteries were founded as campaigns to Christianise pagan Europe continued. The Franks, under the Carolingian dynasty, briefly established the Carolingian Empire during the later 8th and early 9th century. It covered much of Western Europe, but later succumbed to the pressures of internal civil wars combined with external invasions—Vikings from the north, Magyars from the east, and Saracens from the south.

question: Along with the movement of peoples, invasion and depopulation, what event started in Late Antiquity and continued into the Middle Ages?, answer: deurbanisation | question: In what state did barbarian invaders establish kingdoms?, answer: the Western Roman Empire | question: What empire was North Africa previously a part of?, answer: the Eastern Roman Empire | question: In what century did the Caliphate conquer North Africa?, answer: 7th | question: In what year did Italians discover the Code of Justinian?, answer: 1070
Derrick May a.k.a. "MAYDAY" and Thomas Barnett released "Nude Photo" in 1987 on May's label "Transmat Records", which helped kickstart the Detroit techno music scene and was put in heavy rotation on Chicago's Hot Mix 5 Radio DJ mix show and in many Chicago clubs.[citation needed] A year later, Transmat released what was to become one of techno and house music's classic anthems – the seminal track "Strings of Life". Transmat Records went on to have many more successful releases[citation needed] such as 1988's "Wiggin". As well, Derrick May had successful[citation needed] releases on Kool Kat Records and many remixes for a host of underground and mainstream recording artist.

question: Mayday and Thomas Barnett released what hit in 1987?, answer: "Nude Photo" | question: what was the name of Mayday's record label?, answer: Transmat Records | question: What was the real name of the artist Mayday?, answer: Derrick May | question: what year was the hit song "wiggin" released?, answer: 1988 | question: what label did Derrick May have successful releases on after his own?, answer: Kool Kat Records
Designed by Masayuki Uemura, the designer of the original Famicom, the Super Famicom was released in Japan on Wednesday, November 21, 1990 for ¥25,000 (US$210). It was an instant success; Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within hours, and the resulting social disturbance led the Japanese government to ask video game manufacturers to schedule future console releases on weekends. The system's release also gained the attention of the Yakuza, leading to a decision to ship the devices at night to avoid robbery.

question: Who designed both the NES and SNES?, answer: Masayuki Uemura | question: How much in yen did the Super Famicom cost in Japan?, answer: ¥25,000 | question: How much in dollars did the Super Famicom cost in Japan?, answer: US$210 | question: How many Super Famicoms were produced in the first run?, answer: 300,000 | question: What criminal group plotted to steal Super Famicoms?, answer: the Yakuza
Desktop computers and laptops are commonly infected with malware either to gather passwords or financial account information, or to construct a botnet to attack another target. Smart phones, tablet computers, smart watches, and other mobile devices such as Quantified Self devices like activity trackers have also become targets and many of these have sensors such as cameras, microphones, GPS receivers, compasses, and accelerometers which could be exploited, and may collect personal information, including sensitive health information. Wifi, Bluetooth, and cell phone network on any of these devices could be used as attack vectors, and sensors might be remotely activated after a successful breach.

question: What are desktop computers and laptops commonly infected with?, answer: malware | question: Constructing a botnet to attack another target is an example of the activity of what?, answer: malware | question: Activity trackers are an example of what?, answer: Quantified Self devices | question: What could wifi, bluetooth, and cellphone network on devices be used as?, answer: attack vectors | question: What could be remotely activated after a sucessful breach?, answer: sensors
Despite Laemmle's role as an innovator, he was an extremely cautious studio chief. Unlike rivals Adolph Zukor, William Fox, and Marcus Loew, Laemmle chose not to develop a theater chain. He also financed all of his own films, refusing to take on debt. This policy nearly bankrupted the studio when actor-director Erich von Stroheim insisted on excessively lavish production values for his films Blind Husbands (1919) and Foolish Wives (1922), but Universal shrewdly gained a return on some of the expenditure by launching a sensational ad campaign that attracted moviegoers. Character actor Lon Chaney became a drawing card for Universal in the 1920s, appearing steadily in dramas. His two biggest hits for Universal were The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923) and The Phantom of the Opera (1925). During this period Laemmle entrusted most of the production policy decisions to Irving Thalberg. Thalberg had been Laemmle's personal secretary, and Laemmle was impressed by his cogent observations of how efficiently the studio could be operated. Promoted to studio chief, Thalberg was giving Universal's product a touch of class, but MGM's head of production Louis B. Mayer lured Thalberg away from Universal with a promise of better pay. Without his guidance Universal became a second-tier studio, and would remain so for several decades.

question: Who directed Blind Husbands?, answer: Erich von Stroheim | question: In what year was Foolish Wives produced?, answer: 1922 | question: Who starred in The Phantom of the Opera?, answer: Lon Chaney | question: What year saw a film version of The Hunchback of Notre Dame?, answer: 1923 | question: Who was at one time Laemmle's personal secretary?, answer: Irving Thalberg
Despite Magellan's visit, Guam was not officially claimed by Spain until January 26, 1565 by General Miguel López de Legazpi.:46 From 1565 to 1815, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, the only Spanish outpost in the Pacific Ocean east of the Philippines, was an important resting stop for the Manila galleons, a fleet that covered the Pacific trade route between Acapulco and Manila.:51 To protect these Pacific fleets, Spain built several defensive structures which are still standing today, such as Fort Nuestra Señora de la Soledad in Umatac. It is the biggest single segment of Micronesia, the largest islands between the island of Kyushu (Japan), New Guinea, the Philippines, and the Hawaiian Islands.

question: In what year was Guam claimed by Spain?, answer: 1565 | question: What was the name of the general who claimed Guam?, answer: General Miguel López de Legazpi | question: What did Spain build to protect their fleet at Guam?, answer: built several defensive structures
Despite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief that Mary was a perpetual virgin and the Theotokos or Mother of God. Special attention is given to the assertion that Luther, some three-hundred years before the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception by Pope Pius IX in 1854, was a firm adherent of that view. Others maintain that Luther in later years changed his position on the Immaculate Conception, which, at that time was undefined in the Church, maintaining however the sinlessness of Mary throughout her life. For Luther, early in his life, the Assumption of Mary was an understood fact, although he later stated that the Bible did not say anything about it and stopped celebrating its feast. Important to him was the belief that Mary and the saints do live on after death. "Throughout his career as a priest-professor-reformer, Luther preached, taught, and argued about the veneration of Mary with a verbosity that ranged from childlike piety to sophisticated polemics. His views are intimately linked to his Christocentric theology and its consequences for liturgy and piety." Luther, while revering Mary, came to criticize the "Papists" for blurring the line, between high admiration of the grace of God wherever it is seen in a human being, and religious service given to another creature. He considered the Roman Catholic practice of celebrating saints' days and making intercessory requests addressed especially to Mary and other departed saints to be idolatry. His final thoughts on Marian devotion and veneration are preserved in a sermon preached at Wittenberg only a month before his death:

question: Who wrote polemics regarding Roman Catholic beliefs about Mary?, answer: Martin Luther | question: In which year was the Immaculate Conception dogmatized?, answer: 1854 | question: Which pope was responsible for the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception?, answer: Pope Pius IX | question: What does Theotokos mean?, answer: Mother of God | question: Where did Martin Luther preach a sermon on Marian devotion a month before his death?, answer: Wittenberg