lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Additionally, there are a number of Assistant Chiefs of Defence Staff, including the Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Reserves and Cadets) and the Defence Services Secretary in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom, who is also the Assistant Chief of Defence Staff (Personnel).

question: One of the Assistant Chiefs of the Defence Staff is for Reserves and what?, answer: Cadets | question: The Personnel Chief is also known as what?, answer: the Defence Services Secretary in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom | question: There is a Defence Services Secretary in the Royal Household of the what?, answer: Sovereign | question: Who are two of the Assistant Chiefs of the Defence Staff?, answer: Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Reserves and Cadets) and the Defence Services Secretary in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom
Additionally, there are around 60,000 non-Jewish African immigrants in Israel, some of whom have sought asylum. Most of the migrants are from communities in Sudan and Eritrea, particularly the Niger-Congo-speaking Nuba groups of the southern Nuba Mountains; some are illegal immigrants.

question: How many non-jewish African immigrants live in Israel?, answer: around 60,000 | question: What have these immigrants sought?, answer: asylum | question: Where are most of them from?, answer: Sudan and Eritrea | question: What languages do they speak?, answer: Niger-Congo | question: Where are the non jewish immigrants from?, answer: southern Nuba Mountains
Additionally, there are issues of connections between different electrical services, particularly connecting intercity lines with sections electrified for commuter traffic, but also between commuter lines built to different standards. This can cause electrification of certain connections to be very expensive simply because of the implications on the sections it is connecting. Many lines have come to be overlaid with multiple electrification standards for different trains to avoid having to replace the existing rolling stock on those lines. Obviously, this requires that the economics of a particular connection must be more compelling and this has prevented complete electrification of many lines. In a few cases, there are diesel trains running along completely electrified routes and this can be due to incompatibility of electrification standards along the route.

question: What is the other issue that comes to sight when using electrification system?, answer: connections between different electrical services | question: Why the commuter lines built to different standards can cause be complicated?, answer: the implications on the sections it is connecting | question: What is the solution many lines came up with in order to avoid replacing present rolling stock?, answer: to be overlaid with multiple electrification standards | question: Why are disel trains still used on electrified routes?, answer: due to incompatibility of electrification standards
Adherents of different religions generally disagree as to how to best worship God and what is God's plan for mankind, if there is one. There are different approaches to reconciling the contradictory claims of monotheistic religions. One view is taken by exclusivists, who believe they are the chosen people or have exclusive access to absolute truth, generally through revelation or encounter with the Divine, which adherents of other religions do not. Another view is religious pluralism. A pluralist typically believes that his religion is the right one, but does not deny the partial truth of other religions. An example of a pluralist view in Christianity is supersessionism, i.e., the belief that one's religion is the fulfillment of previous religions. A third approach is relativistic inclusivism, where everybody is seen as equally right; an example being universalism: the doctrine that salvation is eventually available for everyone. A fourth approach is syncretism, mixing different elements from different religions. An example of syncretism is the New Age movement.

question: Who believe they are the one and only chosen few?, answer: exclusivists | question: Who believe that they are the only people that know the truth?, answer: exclusivists | question: What is one called that believes he has the one religion, but that the others aren't necessarily wrong?, answer: pluralism | question: What is it called when someone belives that their own religion is an advancement of older religions?, answer: supersessionism | question: What is a religion that believes that all religions are correct?, answer: universalism
Adjacent to the palace is the Royal Mews, also designed by Nash, where the royal carriages, including the Gold State Coach, are housed. This rococo gilt coach, designed by Sir William Chambers in 1760, has painted panels by G. B. Cipriani. It was first used for the State Opening of Parliament by George III in 1762 and has been used by the monarch for every coronation since George IV. It was last used for the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II. Also housed in the mews are the coach horses used at royal ceremonial processions.

question: Who designed the Royal Mews?, answer: Nash | question: Where is the Gold State Coach housed?, answer: the Royal Mews | question: Who designed the Gold State Coach?, answer: Sir William Chambers | question: When was the Gold State Coach first used?, answer: 1762 | question: The Royal Mews houses which type of animal?, answer: horses | question: Who designed the Royal Mews?, answer: Nash | question: Where is the Gold State Coach kept?, answer: the Royal Mews | question: Who designed the Gold State Coach?, answer: Sir William Chambers | question: In what year was the Gold State Coach first used?, answer: 1762 | question: What animals are kept in the mews?, answer: horses
Admiral Grace Hopper, an American computer scientist and developer of the first compiler, is credited for having first used the term "bugs" in computing after a dead moth was found shorting a relay in the Harvard Mark II computer in September 1947.

question: Who was the developer of the first compier?, answer: Admiral Grace Hopper | question: Who first coined the term "bugs"?, answer: Admiral Grace Hopper | question: What type of creature shorted a relay of Grace Hopper's computer?, answer: moth | question: What type of computer of Grace Hopper's was shorted by a moth?, answer: Harvard Mark II | question: When was Grace Hopper's Hardvard Mark II shorted by a moth?, answer: September 1947
Admissions are characterized as "most selective" by U.S. News & World Report. There were 35,099 applications for the undergraduate class of 2020 (entering 2016), and 3,751 (10.7%) were admitted, making Northwestern one of the most selective schools in the United States. For freshmen enrolling in the class of 2019, the interquartile range (middle 50%) on the SAT was 690–760 for critical reading and 710-800 for math, ACT composite scores for the middle 50% ranged from 31–34, and 91% ranked in the top ten percent of their high school class.

question: How selective are admissions at Northwestern characterized by U.S. News & World Report?, answer: most selective | question: What percentage of applications were admitted for the undergraduate class entering in 2016?, answer: 10.7% | question: What percentage of freshman students enrolling in the class of 2019 ranked in the top 10% of their high school class?, answer: 91% | question: For freshman enrolling in the class of 2019, what was the interquartile range on the SAT for critical reading?, answer: 690–760 | question: For freshman enrolling in the class of 2019, what was the interquartile range on the SAT for math?, answer: 710-800
Adolescence (from Latin adolescere, meaning "to grow up") is a transitional stage of physical and psychological human development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority). The period of adolescence is most closely associated with the teenage years, though its physical, psychological and cultural expressions may begin earlier and end later. For example, although puberty has been historically associated with the onset of adolescent development, it now typically begins prior to the teenage years and there has been a normative shift of it occurring in preadolescence, particularly in females (see precocious puberty). Physical growth, as distinct from puberty (particularly in males), and cognitive development generally seen in adolescence, can also extend into the early twenties. Thus chronological age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence.

question: From which language does the word "adolescence" originate?, answer: Latin | question: What is the Latin meaning of the word "adolescere"?, answer: to grow up | question: What is another term for legal adulthood?, answer: age of majority | question: Physical growth and cognitive development generally observed in adolescents can extend to what age?, answer: early twenties
Adolescence is a period frequently marked by increased rights and privileges for individuals. While cultural variation exists for legal rights and their corresponding ages, considerable consistency is found across cultures. Furthermore, since the advent of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989 (children here defined as under 18), almost every country in the world (except the U.S. and South Sudan) has legally committed to advancing an anti-discriminatory stance towards young people of all ages. This includes protecting children against unchecked child labor, enrollment in the military, prostitution, and pornography. In many societies, those who reach a certain age (often 18, though this varies) are considered to have reached the age of majority and are legally regarded as adults who are responsible for their actions. People below this age are considered minors or children. A person below the age of majority may gain adult rights through legal emancipation.

question: In what year was the Convention on the Rights of the Child created?, answer: 1989 | question: What two countries have not legally committed to advancing an anti-discriminaory stance towards young people?, answer: U.S. and South Sudan | question: A person below the age of majority may gain adult rights through what process?, answer: legal emancipation | question: What is legally different for an individual who has reached the age of majority?, answer: regarded as adults who are responsible for their actions
Adolescence is also a time for rapid cognitive development. Piaget describes adolescence as the stage of life in which the individual's thoughts start taking more of an abstract form and the egocentric thoughts decrease. This allows the individual to think and reason in a wider perspective. A combination of behavioural and fMRI studies have demonstrated development of executive functions, that is, cognitive skills that enable the control and coordination of thoughts and behaviour, which are generally associated with the prefrontal cortex. The thoughts, ideas and concepts developed at this period of life greatly influence one's future life, playing a major role in character and personality formation.

question: Who describes adolescence as the stage of life in which the individual's thoughts start taking more of an abstract form?, answer: Piaget | question: What is another term for congitive skills that enable the control and coordination of thoughts and behavior?, answer: executive functions | question: Which cortex is commonly associated with the coordination of thoughts and behavior?, answer: prefrontal cortex | question: Does Piaget believe that egocentric thoughts decrease or increase during adolescence?, answer: decrease
Adolescence is frequently characterized by a transformation of an adolescent's understanding of the world, the rational direction towards a life course, and the active seeking of new ideas rather than the unquestioning acceptance of adult authority. An adolescent begins to develop a unique belief system through his or her interaction with social, familial, and cultural environments. While organized religion is not necessarily a part of every adolescent's life experience, youth are still held responsible for forming a set of beliefs about themselves, the world around them, and whatever higher powers they may or may not believe in. This process is often accompanied or aided by cultural traditions that intend to provide a meaningful transition to adulthood through a ceremony, ritual, confirmation, or rite of passage.

question: Through what means does an adolescent develop a unique belief system?, answer: interaction with social, familial, and cultural environments | question: The active seeking of new ideas rather than the unquestioning acceptance of adult authority is known as what stage of development?, answer: Adolescence | question: What things are youth responsible for forming a set of beliefs about during adolescence?, answer: themselves, the world around them, and whatever higher powers they may or may not believe in | question: Ceremonies, rituals, and confirmations are examples of what?, answer: cultural traditions that intend to provide a meaningful transition to adulthood
Adolescence marks a rapid change in one's role within a family. Young children tend to assert themselves forcefully, but are unable to demonstrate much influence over family decisions until early adolescence, when they are increasingly viewed by parents as equals. The adolescent faces the task of increasing independence while preserving a caring relationship with his or her parents. When children go through puberty, there is often a significant increase in parent–child conflict and a less cohesive familial bond. Arguments often concern minor issues of control, such as curfew, acceptable clothing, and the adolescent's right to privacy, which adolescents may have previously viewed as issues over which their parents had complete authority. Parent-adolescent disagreement also increases as friends demonstrate a greater impact on one another, new influences on the adolescent that may be in opposition to parents' values. Social media has also played an increasing role in adolescent and parent disagreements. While parents never had to worry about the threats of social media in the past, it has become a dangerous place for children. While adolescents strive for their freedoms, the unknowns to parents of what their child is doing on social media sites is a challenging subject, due to the increasing amount of predators on social media sites. Many parents have very little knowledge of social networking sites in the first place and this further increases their mistrust. An important challenge for the parent–adolescent relationship is to understand how to enhance the opportunities of online communication while managing its risks. Although conflicts between children and parents increase during adolescence, these are just relatively minor issues. Regarding their important life issues, most adolescents still share the same attitudes and values as their parents.

question: At what stage do parents see their children as equals?, answer: early adolescence | question: During what stage of development is there increased parent-child conflict and a less cohesive familial bond?, answer: puberty | question: During puberty and adolescence, do most children share the same or different attitudes and values as their parents?, answer: same
Adolescence marks a time of sexual maturation, which manifests in social interactions as well. While adolescents may engage in casual sexual encounters (often referred to as hookups), most sexual experience during this period of development takes place within romantic relationships. Adolescents can use technologies and social media to seek out romantic relationships as they feel it is a safe place to try out dating and identity exploration. From these social media encounters, a further relationship may begin. Kissing, hand holding, and hugging signify satisfaction and commitment. Among young adolescents, "heavy" sexual activity, marked by genital stimulation, is often associated with violence, depression, and poor relationship quality. This effect does not hold true for sexual activity in late adolescence that takes place within a romantic relationship. Some research suggest that there are genetic causes of early sexual activity that are also risk factors for delinquency, suggesting that there is a group who are at risk for both early sexual activity and emotional distress. For old adolescents, though, sexual activity in the context of romantic relationships was actually correlated with lower levels of deviant behavior after controlling for genetic risks, as opposed to sex outside of a relationship (hook-ups)

question: Casual sexual encounters are often referred to as what?, answer: hookups | question: Do most sexual experiences during adolescence take place within or seperate from romantic relationships?, answer: within | question: Where do some adolescents feel is a safe place to seek out romantic relationships, try out dating and indentity exploration?, answer: social media | question: What seperates "heavy" sexual activity from other forms of affection?, answer: genital stimulation | question: For older adolescents, is sexual activity in a romantic relationship associated with lower or higher levels of deviant behavior?, answer: lower
Adolescents can conceptualize multiple "possible selves" that they could become and long-term possibilities and consequences of their choices. Exploring these possibilities may result in abrupt changes in self-presentation as the adolescent chooses or rejects qualities and behaviors, trying to guide the actual self toward the ideal self (who the adolescent wishes to be) and away from the feared self (who the adolescent does not want to be). For many, these distinctions are uncomfortable, but they also appear to motivate achievement through behavior consistent with the ideal and distinct from the feared possible selves.

question: How can the ideal self be described in terms of the adolescent?, answer: who the adolescent wishes to be | question: How can the feared self be described in terms of the adolescent?, answer: who the adolescent does not want to be | question: Do adolescents demonstrate intended behavior moving towards the ideal or feared self?, answer: ideal
Adolescents tend to associate with "cliques" on a small scale and "crowds" on a larger scale. During early adolescence, adolescents often associate in cliques, exclusive, single-sex groups of peers with whom they are particularly close. Despite the common notion that cliques are an inherently negative influence, they may help adolescents become socially acclimated and form a stronger sense of identity. Within a clique of highly athletic male-peers, for example, the clique may create a stronger sense of fidelity and competition. Cliques also have become somewhat a "collective parent," i.e. telling the adolescents what to do and not to do. Towards late adolescence, cliques often merge into mixed-sex groups as teenagers begin romantically engaging with one another. These small friend groups then break down further as socialization becomes more couple-oriented. On a larger scale, adolescents often associate with crowds, groups of individuals who share a common interest or activity. Often, crowd identities may be the basis for stereotyping young people, such as jocks or nerds. In large, multi-ethnic high schools, there are often ethnically-determined crowds. While crowds are very influential during early and middle adolescence, they lose salience during high school as students identify more individually.

question: Do adolescents associate with "cliques" on a large or small scale?, answer: small | question: What are the positive effects that cliques may have on an adolescent?, answer: help adolescents become socially acclimated and form a stronger sense of identity | question: How are cliques defined?, answer: exclusive, single-sex groups of peers with whom they are particularly close | question: Do adolescents associate with "crowds" on a large or small scale?, answer: larger
Adolescents' thinking is less bound to concrete events than that of children: they can contemplate possibilities outside the realm of what currently exists. One manifestation of the adolescent's increased facility with thinking about possibilities is the improvement of skill in deductive reasoning, which leads to the development of hypothetical thinking. This provides the ability to plan ahead, see the future consequences of an action and to provide alternative explanations of events. It also makes adolescents more skilled debaters, as they can reason against a friend's or parent's assumptions. Adolescents also develop a more sophisticated understanding of probability.

question: Deductive reasoning leads to the development of what type of thinking?, answer: hypothetical | question: Are adolescents or children more bound to concrete events?, answer: children | question: What type of thinking provides the ability to plan ahead and makes adolescents more skilled debaters?, answer: hypothetical | question: Adolescents develop a more sophisticated understanding of what mathematical concept thanks to their increased hypothetical thinking abilties?, answer: probability
Adolf Hitler failed to pay as much attention to bombing the enemy as he did to protection from enemy bombing, although he had promoted the development of a bomber force in the 1930s and understood that it was possible to use bombers for major strategic purposes. He told the OKL in 1939 that ruthless employment of the Luftwaffe against the heart of the British will to resist could and would follow when the moment was right; however, he quickly developed a lively scepticism toward strategic bombing, confirmed by the results of the Blitz. He frequently complained of the Luftwaffe's inability to damage industries sufficiently, saying, "The munitions industry cannot be interfered with effectively by air raids ... usually the prescribed targets are not hit".

question: What year was the beginning of enemy bombing first promoted by Hitler?, answer: 1930s | question: Why did Hitler feel the Luftwaffe was unsuccessful in bombing raids?, answer: prescribed targets are not hit | question: Why did Hitler feel bombing wasn't working?, answer: inability to damage industries | question: In 1939 Hitler said bombing of Britain would begin when?, answer: the moment was right | question: Who had skepticism towards strategic bombing?, answer: Adolf Hitler
Adult contemporary R&B may be played on both soft AC stations and urban AC. It is a form of neo soul R&B that places emphasis on songcraft and sophistication. As the use of drum machines, synthesizers, and sequencers dominates R&B-rooted music, adult contemporary R&B tends to take most of its cues from the more refined strains of 1970s soul, such as smooth soul, Philly soul and quiet storm. Classic songwriting touches and organic-leaning instrumentation, often featuring string arrangements and horn charts, were constants.

question: Along with soft AC, on what station format might adult contemporary R&B be featured?, answer: urban AC | question: What features are emphasized in adult contemporary R&B music?, answer: songcraft and sophistication | question: Along with smooth soul and quiet storm, what genre influenced adult contemporary R&B?, answer: Philly soul | question: During what decade was smooth soul popular?, answer: 1970s | question: Along with drum machines and synthesizers, what electronic instruments are often found in modern R&B-based music?, answer: sequencers