lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In response, Shell filed lawsuits to seek injunctions from possible protests, and Benjamin Jealous of the NAACP and Radford argued that the legal action was "trampling American's rights." According to Greenpeace, Shell lodged a request with Google to ban video footage of a Greenpeace protest action that occurred at the Shell-sponsored Formula One (F1) Belgian Grand Prix on 25 August 2013, in which "SaveTheArctic.org" banners appear at the winners' podium ceremony. In the video, the banners rise up automatically—activists controlled their appearance with the use of four radio car antennas—revealing the website URL, alongside an image that consists of half of a polar bear's head and half of the Shell logo.

question: Why did Shell file lawsuits?, answer: to seek injunctions from possible protests | question: Jealous and Radford asserted that the legal action taken by Shell was what?, answer: "trampling American's rights." | question: Greenpeace claimed that Shell requested Google to ban what?, answer: video footage of a Greenpeace protest action that occurred at the Shell-sponsored Formula One (F1) Belgian Grand Prix | question: What banners appeared on the winners' podium at the August 2013 ceremony?, answer: "SaveTheArctic.org" | question: At the 2013 ceremony, activitsts controlled their appearance with what?, answer: the use of four radio car antennas
In response, the EU decided to fill the gap left behind by the US under the Sandbaek report. According to its Annual Report for 2008, the UNFPA received its funding mainly from European Governments: Of the total income of M845.3 M, $118 was donated by the Netherlands, $67 M by Sweden, $62 M by Norway, $54 M by Denmark, $53 M by the UK, $52 M by Spain, $19 M by Luxembourg. The European Commission donated further $36 M. The most important non-European donor State was Japan ($36 M). The number of donors exceeded 180 in one year.

question: Which European government contributed the most to the UNFPA in 2008?, answer: the Netherlands | question: Which European government contributed the least to the UNFPA in 2008?, answer: Luxembourg | question: Which non-European donor was most important to the UNFPA in 2008?, answer: Japan | question: In 2008, over how many countries contributed to the UNFPA?, answer: 180
In ring-porous species, such as ash, black locust, catalpa, chestnut, elm, hickory, mulberry, and oak, the larger vessels or pores (as cross sections of vessels are called) are localised in the part of the growth ring formed in spring, thus forming a region of more or less open and porous tissue. The rest of the ring, produced in summer, is made up of smaller vessels and a much greater proportion of wood fibers. These fibers are the elements which give strength and toughness to wood, while the vessels are a source of weakness.[citation needed]

question: What species of hardwood are hickory and mulberry trees?, answer: ring-porous | question: In what season do the growth-rings of ring-porous species form with larger vessels localized?, answer: spring | question: In what season does the part of the growth-ring with smaller vessels form in ring-porous species?, answer: summer | question: What fibers does the summer's section of growth-ring have more of?, answer: wood fibers | question: Along with strength, what property do wood fibers lend to wood?, answer: toughness
In ring-porous woods each season's growth is always well defined, because the large pores formed early in the season abut on the denser tissue of the year before.

question: What kind of woods always have very clearly marked seasonal growth?, answer: ring-porous | question: What size pores form early in ring-porous woods' growing season?, answer: large | question: When does the denser tissue the new pores abut come from?, answer: the year before
In ring-porous woods of good growth it is usually the latewood in which the thick-walled, strength-giving fibers are most abundant. As the breadth of ring diminishes, this latewood is reduced so that very slow growth produces comparatively light, porous wood composed of thin-walled vessels and wood parenchyma. In good oak these large vessels of the earlywood occupy from 6 to 10 percent of the volume of the log, while in inferior material they may make up 25% or more. The latewood of good oak is dark colored and firm, and consists mostly of thick-walled fibers which form one-half or more of the wood. In inferior oak, this latewood is much reduced both in quantity and quality. Such variation is very largely the result of rate of growth.

question: Which specific type of wood within ring-porous woods have more fibers to make it strong?, answer: latewood | question: When there is less latewood, what is diminishing?, answer: breadth of ring | question: Does slow or rapid growth make relatively porous, light wood?, answer: slow | question: What kind of oak has just 6-10% volume of large vessels in the log?, answer: good | question: What kind of fibers are in the latewood of good oak, making it very firm?, answer: thick-walled
In several countries, fire safety officials encourage citizens to use the two annual clock shifts as reminders to replace batteries in smoke and carbon monoxide detectors, particularly in autumn, just before the heating and candle season causes an increase in home fires. Similar twice-yearly tasks include reviewing and practicing fire escape and family disaster plans, inspecting vehicle lights, checking storage areas for hazardous materials, reprogramming thermostats, and seasonal vaccinations. Locations without DST can instead use the first days of spring and autumn as reminders.

question: There are more fires in the fall and winter because people burn more candles and turn what on to keep warm?, answer: heating | question: In addition to smoke detectors, what do fire safety officials suggest people replace batteries in when they set their clocks twice a year?, answer: carbon monoxide detectors | question: If your area doesn't observe DST, what can you use instead as a twice-yearly reminder?, answer: the first days of spring and autumn | question: What part of your vehicle should you remember to check twice a year?, answer: lights | question: What should you check storage spaces in your home for twice-yearly?, answer: hazardous materials
In several nations, rulers welcomed leaders of the Enlightenment at court and asked them to help design laws and programs to reform the system, typically to build stronger national states. These rulers are called "enlightened despots" by historians. They included Frederick the Great of Prussia, Catherine the Great of Russia, Leopold II of Tuscany, and Joseph II of Austria. Joseph was over-enthusiastic, announcing so many reforms that had so little support that revolts broke out and his regime became a comedy of errors and nearly all his programs were reversed. Senior ministers Pombal in Portugal and Struensee in Denmark also governed according to Enlightenment ideals. In Poland, the model constitution of 1791 expressed Enlightenment ideals, but was in effect for only one year as the nation was partitioned among its neighbors. More enduring were the cultural achievements, which created a nationalist spirit in Poland.

question: Leaders of the Enlightenment that helped design laws and programs to reform the court system are called what by historians?, answer: enlightened despots | question: Which enlightened despot was so over-enthusiastic that revolts broke out and nearly all of his programs were reversed?, answer: Joseph II of Austria | question: In what country was the model constitution of 1791 in effect for only one year?, answer: Poland | question: From what country was Enlightenment leader Catherine the Great?, answer: Russia
In sheer numbers, Kerry had fewer endorsements than Howard Dean, who was far ahead in the superdelegate race going into the Iowa caucuses in January 2004, although Kerry led the endorsement race in Iowa, New Hampshire, Arizona, South Carolina, New Mexico and Nevada. Kerry's main perceived weakness was in his neighboring state of New Hampshire and nearly all national polls. Most other states did not have updated polling numbers to give an accurate placing for the Kerry campaign before Iowa. Heading into the primaries, Kerry's campaign was largely seen as in trouble, particularly after he fired campaign manager Jim Jordan. The key factors enabling it to survive were when fellow Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy assigned Mary Beth Cahill to be the campaign manager, as well as Kerry's mortgaging his own home to lend the money to his campaign (while his wife was a billionaire, campaign finance rules prohibited using one's personal fortune). He also brought on the "magical" Michael Whouley who would be credited with helping bring home the Iowa victory the same as he did in New Hampshire for Al Gore in 2000 against Bill Bradley.

question: Who had the least amount of backers, between Kerry and Dean?, answer: Kerry | question: Which state was expected to show the least amount of support for Kerry going into the caucuses, before Iowa?, answer: New Hampshire | question: What act showed that Kerry's fight for the White House was in trouble?, answer: he fired campaign manager Jim Jordan | question: Who took over for Jim Jordon, when he was fired?, answer: Mary Beth Cahill | question: What regulation did Kerry not follow to try to save his campaign?, answer: mortgaging his own home to lend the money to his campaign
In signal processing, data compression, source coding, or bit-rate reduction involves encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation. Compression can be either lossy or lossless. Lossless compression reduces bits by identifying and eliminating statistical redundancy. No information is lost in lossless compression. Lossy compression reduces bits by identifying unnecessary information and removing it. The process of reducing the size of a data file is referred to as data compression. In the context of data transmission, it is called source coding (encoding done at the source of the data before it is stored or transmitted) in opposition to channel coding.

question: What involves encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation?, answer: data compression | question: What can be either lossy or lossless?, answer: Compression | question: What reduces bits by identifying and eliminating statistical redundancy?, answer: Lossless compression | question: What is the process called of reducing the size of a data file?, answer: data compression | question: What is the process called of encoding at the source of the data before it's processed?, answer: source coding
In simple terms the structure of the Alps consists of layers of rock of European, African and oceanic (Tethyan) origin. The bottom nappe structure is of continental European origin, above which are stacked marine sediment nappes, topped off by nappes derived from the African plate. The Matterhorn is an example of the ongoing orogeny and shows evidence of great folding. The tip of the mountain consists of gneisses from the African plate; the base of the peak, below the glaciated area, consists of European basement rock. The sequence of Tethyan marine sediments and their oceanic basement is sandwiched between rock derived from the African and European plates.

question: Layers of rock from Europe, Africa and the ocean make up what?, answer: the structure of the Alps | question: What is the origin of the bottom nappe structure?, answer: continental Europe | question: Where are the top of the nappes derived from?, answer: the African plate | question: What is an example of the ongoing orogeny?, answer: The Matterhorn
In simple terms, the Cold War could be viewed as an expression of the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism. The United States faced a new uncertainty beginning in September 1949, when it lost its monopoly on the atomic bomb. American intelligence agencies discovered that the Soviet Union had exploded its first atomic bomb, with the consequence that the United States potentially could face a future nuclear war that, for the first time, might devastate its cities. Given this new danger, the United States participated in an arms race with the Soviet Union that included development of the hydrogen bomb, as well as intercontinental strategic bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) capable of delivering nuclear weapons. A new fear of communism and its sympathizers swept the United States during the 1950s, which devolved into paranoid McCarthyism. With communism spreading in China, Korea, and Eastern Europe, Americans came to feel so threatened that popular and political culture condoned extensive "witch-hunts" to expose communist spies. Part of the American reaction to the Soviet atomic and hydrogen bomb tests included maintaining a large Air Force, under the control of the Strategic Air Command (SAC). SAC employed intercontinental strategic bombers, as well as medium-bombers based close to Soviet airspace (in western Europe and in Turkey) that were capable of delivering nuclear payloads.

question: What year did the US lose its monopoly to the atomic bomb?, answer: 1949 | question: What type of bomb was first developed during the Cold War?, answer: the hydrogen bomb | question: ICBMs is an abbreviation for what?, answer: intercontinental strategic bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles | question: The SAC is an abbreviation for what US force?, answer: Strategic Air Command | question: During what decade, did a fear of communism oversweep the US?, answer: 1950s
In single phase squirrel cage motors, the primary winding within the motor housing is not capable of starting a rotational motion on the rotor, but is capable of sustaining one. To start the motor, a secondary "start" winding has a series non-polarized starting capacitor to introduce a lead in the sinusoidal current. When the secondary (start) winding is placed at an angle with respect to the primary (run) winding, a rotating electric field is created. The force of the rotational field is not constant, but is sufficient to start the rotor spinning. When the rotor comes close to operating speed, a centrifugal switch (or current-sensitive relay in series with the main winding) disconnects the capacitor. The start capacitor is typically mounted to the side of the motor housing. These are called capacitor-start motors, that have relatively high starting torque. Typically they can have up-to four times as much starting torque than a split-phase motor and are used on applications such as compressors, pressure washers and any small device requiring high starting torques.

question: What is the main winding on a squirrel cage motor capable of withstanding?, answer: a rotational motion on the rotor | question: What sort of capacitors are used on the second winding of a squirrel cage motor?, answer: series non-polarized starting capacitor | question: What does the capacitor on the second winding of a squirrel cage motor do?, answer: introduce a lead in the sinusoidal current | question: What does the centrifugal switch do the capacitor when the rotor achieves operating speed?, answer: disconnects the capacitor | question: Where is the start capacitor commonly mounted?, answer: to the side of the motor housing
In soil, microorganisms that reside in the rhizosphere (a zone that includes the root surface and the soil that adheres to the root after gentle shaking) carry out nitrogen fixation, converting nitrogen gas to nitrogenous compounds. This serves to provide an easily absorbable form of nitrogen for many plants, which cannot fix nitrogen themselves. Many other bacteria are found as symbionts in humans and other organisms. For example, the presence of over 1,000 bacterial species in the normal human gut flora of the intestines can contribute to gut immunity, synthesise vitamins, such as folic acid, vitamin K and biotin, convert sugars to lactic acid (see Lactobacillus), as well as fermenting complex undigestible carbohydrates. The presence of this gut flora also inhibits the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria (usually through competitive exclusion) and these beneficial bacteria are consequently sold as probiotic dietary supplements.

question: Where do bacteria stay in soil?, answer: rhizosphere | question: What do bacteria do in soil?, answer: converting nitrogen gas to nitrogenous compounds | question: How does the conversion help the vegetation?, answer: provide an easily absorbable form of nitrogen | question: What is the amount of bacteria in human intestines?, answer: over 1,000 bacterial species | question: How does gut flora prevent growth of pathogenic bacteria?, answer: through competitive exclusion
In some Muslim countries DST is temporarily abandoned during Ramadan (the month when no food should be eaten between sunrise and sunset), since the DST would delay the evening dinner. Ramadan took place in July and August in 2012. This concerns at least Morocco and Palestine, although Iran keeps DST during Ramadan. Most Muslim countries do not use DST, partially for this reason.

question: What do Muslims call the month when they fast between sunup and sundown?, answer: Ramadan | question: What would DST delay if observed during the Muslim holy month?, answer: the evening dinner | question: What Muslim country continues to observe DST during Ramadan?, answer: Iran | question: When was Ramadan in 2012?, answer: July and August
In some cases a wrestler may possess admirable physical traits but perceived mediocre public speaking abilities (such as Brock Lesnar), or their gimmick may be that of a "wild savage" needing a handler (such as Kamala). Such performers have historically employed a manager, who speaks on their behalf and adds to the performance. Managers have sometimes become major personalities, including Bobby Heenan, Paul Heyman, Ernie Roth, and Paul Bearer. A manager role may also be filled by a "valet", typically an appealing female who may participate in love triangle storylines, "damsel in distress" situations, and scripted fights with female wrestlers. Some of these have also gone on to become recognized stars, such as Tammy Lynn Sytch, Stacy Keibler, and Miss Elizabeth.

question: Who helps out a wrestler with poor speaking abilities?, answer: manager | question: What sometimes happens with managers?, answer: become major personalities | question: Who else can perform the manager role?, answer: "valet | question: Who might participate in a love triangle story?, answer: an appealing female
In some cases and in some places the edicts were strictly enforced: some Christians resisted and were imprisoned or martyred. Others complied. Some local communities were not only pre-dominantly Christian, but powerful and influential; and some provincial authorities were lenient, notably the Caesar in Gaul, Constantius Chlorus, the father of Constantine I. Diocletian's successor Galerius maintained anti-Christian policy until his deathbed revocation in 311, when he asked Christians to pray for him. "This meant an ofﬁcial recognition of their importance in the religious world of the Roman empire, although one of the tetrarchs, Maximinus Daia, still oppressed Christians in his part of the empire up to 313."

question: How were the Roman edicts handled in some areas?, answer: strictly enforced | question: In areas of strict enforcement, what happened to Christians?, answer: imprisoned or martyred | question: What were some Christian communities?, answer: powerful and influential | question: What were some provincial governors in enforcement of the Roman edicts?, answer: lenient | question: When did Galerius revoke the anti-Christian policies?, answer: 311
In some cases this is done in a more extreme manner, not simply to cancel a small amount of residual reactance, but to resonate an antenna whose resonance frequency is quite different from the intended frequency of operation. For instance, a "whip antenna" can be made significantly shorter than 1/4 wavelength long, for practical reasons, and then resonated using a so-called loading coil. This physically large inductor at the base of the antenna has an inductive reactance which is the opposite of the capacitative reactance that such a vertical antenna has at the desired operating frequency. The result is a pure resistance seen at feedpoint of the loading coil; unfortunately that resistance is somewhat lower than would be desired to match commercial coax.[citation needed]

question: What can be shorter than 1/4 wavelength long?, answer: whip antenna | question: What is the opposite of inductive reactance?, answer: capacitative reactance | question: What is at the base of the antenna?, answer: loading coil | question: Where is the resistance seen on the loading foil?, answer: feedpoint
In some countries anti-Masonry is often related to antisemitism and anti-Zionism. For example, In 1980, the Iraqi legal and penal code was changed by Saddam Hussein's ruling Ba'ath Party, making it a felony to "promote or acclaim Zionist principles, including Freemasonry, or who associate [themselves] with Zionist organisations". Professor Andrew Prescott of the University of Sheffield writes: "Since at least the time of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, antisemitism has gone hand in hand with anti-masonry, so it is not surprising that allegations that 11 September was a Zionist plot have been accompanied by suggestions that the attacks were inspired by a masonic world order".

question: What are two things that anit-masonry usually associated with?, answer: antisemitism and anti-Zionism | question: What year did the Ba'ath Party make Freemasonry a felony?, answer: 1980 | question: Who wrote that it was not suprising that the blame for 9/11 was trying to be blamed on a masonic world order?, answer: Professor Andrew Prescott | question: According to Professor Andrew Prescott, how long has antisemitism gone together with anti-masonry?, answer: Since at least the time of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion | question: In some countries, anti-Masonry is related to what?, answer: antisemitism and anti-Zionism | question: Who change the Iraqi legal and penal code in 1980?, answer: Saddam Hussein's ruling Ba'ath Party | question: Who suggested the September 11 attacks on the United States were inspired by a masonic world order?, answer: Professor Andrew Prescott
In some countries, YouTube is completely blocked, either through a long term standing ban or for more limited periods of time such as during periods of unrest, the run-up to an election, or in response to upcoming political anniversaries. In other countries access to the website as a whole remains open, but access to specific videos is blocked. In cases where the entire site is banned due to one particular video, YouTube will often agree to remove or limit access to that video in order to restore service.

question: youtube is completely what in some places?, answer: blocked | question: Why besides limited periods of time would youtube not be allowed in a country?, answer: long term standing ban | question: What might happen in a restrictive state even if you do have access to the youtube site itself?, answer: specific videos is blocked