lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
As the Kulluk oil rig was being towed to the American state of Washington to be serviced in preparation for the 2013 drilling season, a winter storm on 27 December 2012 caused the towing crews, as well as the rescue service, to lose control of the situation. As of 1 January 2013, the Kulluk was grounded off the coast Sitkalidak Island, near the eastern end of Kodiak Island. Following the accident, a Fortune magazine contacted Larry McKinney, the executive director at the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies at Texas A&M, and he explained that "A two-month delay in the Arctic is not a two-month delay ... A two-month delay could wipe out the entire drilling season."

question: Why was the Kulluk oil rig being towed to Washington?, answer: to be serviced in preparation for the 2013 drilling season | question: What caused towing crews and rescue service to lose control while the Kulluk rig was in transport to Washington?, answer: a winter storm | question: On January 1, 2013, the Kulluk was grounded off the coast of which island?, answer: Sitkalidak | question: Following the incident, which magazine contacted Larry McKinney?, answer: Fortune | question: Larry McKinney explained that a two-month delay in drilling could do what?, answer: wipe out the entire drilling season
As the Laws were formulated in England, and were initially administered solely by the four British football associations within IFAB, the standard dimensions of a football pitch were originally expressed in imperial units. The Laws now express dimensions with approximate metric equivalents (followed by traditional units in brackets), though use of imperial units remains popular in English-speaking countries with a relatively recent history of metrication (or only partial metrication), such as Britain.

question: Imperial units where once used to express the dimensions of a what?, answer: football pitch | question: What unit of measurement is now expressed by the Laws?, answer: metric | question: The use of imperial units is still popular in what kind of countries?, answer: English-speaking | question: Laws were formulated in what country?, answer: England
As the Nintendo Entertainment System grew in popularity and entered millions of American homes, some small video rental shops began buying their own copies of NES games, and renting them out to customers for around the same price as a video cassette rental for a few days. Nintendo received no profit from the practice beyond the initial cost of their game, and unlike movie rentals, a newly released game could hit store shelves and be available for rent on the same day. Nintendo took steps to stop game rentals, but didn't take any formal legal action until Blockbuster Video began to make game rentals a large-scale service. Nintendo claimed that allowing customers to rent games would significantly hurt sales and drive up the cost of games. Nintendo lost the lawsuit, but did win on a claim of copyright infringement. Blockbuster was banned from including original, copyrighted instruction booklets with their rented games. In compliance with the ruling, Blockbuster produced their own short instructions—usually in the form of a small booklet, card, or label stuck on the back of the rental box—that explained the game's basic premise and controls. Video rental shops continued the practice of renting video games and still do today.

question: Who caused Nintendo to take formal action regarding rentals?, answer: Blockbuster Video | question: According to Nintendo what was the danger in renting games?, answer: would significantly hurt sales and drive up the cost of games | question: Blockbuster was banned from including what with their games?, answer: copyrighted instruction booklets | question: What did Blockbuster do instead of use copyrighted instruction booklets?, answer: produced their own short instructions
As the Ottoman Empire gradually shrank in size, some 7–9 million Turkish-Muslims from its former territories in the Caucasus, Crimea, Balkans, and the Mediterranean islands migrated to Anatolia and Eastern Thrace. After the Empire lost the Balkan Wars (1912–13), it lost all its Balkan territories except East Thrace (European Turkey). This resulted in around 400,000 Muslims fleeing with the retreating Ottoman armies (with many dying from cholera brought by the soldiers), and with some 400,000 non-Muslims fleeing territory still under Ottoman rule. Justin McCarthy estimates that during the period 1821 to 1922 several million Muslims died in the Balkans, with the expulsion of a similar number.

question: Millions of Muslims left the empire and migrated to what places?, answer: Anatolia and Eastern Thrace | question: When did the Balkan Wars take place?, answer: 1912–13 | question: What was the sole territory that the empire kept in the Balkans after 1913?, answer: East Thrace (European Turkey) | question: How many Muslims fled the Balkans with the Ottoman armies?, answer: 400,000 | question: Which individual estimated millions of Muslim deaths in the Balkans in the late 19th and early 20th century?, answer: Justin McCarthy
As the Ottoman state attempted to modernize its infrastructure and army in response to threats from the outside, it also opened itself up to a different kind of threat: that of creditors. Indeed, as the historian Eugene Rogan has written, "the single greatest threat to the independence of the Middle East" in the nineteenth century "was not the armies of Europe but its banks." The Ottoman state, which had begun taking on debt with the Crimean War, was forced to declare bankruptcy in 1875. By 1881, the Ottoman Empire agreed to have its debt controlled by an institution known as the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, a council of European men with presidency alternating between France and Britain. The body controlled swaths of the Ottoman economy, and used its position to insure that European capital continued to penetrate the empire, often to the detriment of local Ottoman interests.

question: What historian wrote that banks were the single greatest threat to mid-east independence?, answer: Eugene Rogan | question: In what year did the Ottoman Empire declare bankruptcy?, answer: 1875 | question: What was the administration that the empire used to control its debt called?, answer: Ottoman Public Debt Administration | question: Who served on the debt controlling administration of the Ottoman Empire?, answer: European men with presidency alternating between France and Britain. | question: European capital in the Ottoman empire resulted in what?, answer: the detriment of local Ottoman interests
As the President, Tito had access to extensive (state-owned) property associated with the office, and maintained a lavish lifestyle. In Belgrade he resided in the official residence, the Beli dvor, and maintained a separate private home. The Brijuni islands were the site of the State Summer Residence from 1949 on. The pavilion was designed by Jože Plečnik, and included a zoo. Close to 100 foreign heads of state were to visit Tito at the island residence, along with film stars such as Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, Sophia Loren, Carlo Ponti, and Gina Lollobrigida.

question: What is the name of the official residence in Belgrade?, answer: Beli dvor | question: What islands were the site of the State Summer Residence from 1949 on?, answer: Brijuni | question: Who designed the pavilion at the State Summer Residence?, answer: Jože Plečnik | question: In what city was the official residence for Tito?, answer: Belgrade | question: Film stars including Elizabeth Taylor visited what island residence of Tito?, answer: State Summer Residence
As the Reformers wanted all members of the church to be able to read the Bible, education on all levels got a strong boost. By the middle of the eighteenth century, the literacy rate in England was about 60 per cent, in Scotland 65 per cent, and in Sweden eight of ten men and women were able to read and to write. Colleges and universities were founded. For example, the Puritans who established Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1628 founded Harvard College only eight years later. About a dozen other colleges followed in the 18th century, including Yale (1701). Pennsylvania also became a centre of learning.

question: What did Reformers increase so that their followers could read the Bible?, answer: education | question: In the middle of the eighteenth century, how many Swedes could read and write?, answer: eight of ten men and women | question: Who founded Harvard College?, answer: the Puritans | question: When was Yale founded?, answer: 1701 | question: What state became a hub of learning?, answer: Pennsylvania
As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily shortly afterwards. However, they soon lost these newly acquired possessions to the Ostrogoths. The Ostrogothic conquest under Theodoric the Great began in 488; Theodoric supported Roman culture and government unlike the Germanic Goths. The Gothic War took place between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. Sicily was the first part of Italy to be taken under control of General Belisarius who was commissioned by Eastern Emperor. Justinian I solidified his rule in the following years.

question: How had the Vandals earned their strong reputation?, answer: occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 | question: Whom took control of the Vandal's territory after 488?, answer: Ostrogoths | question: How was Theodoric different than the Germanic Goths?, answer: Theodoric supported Roman culture and government | question: What name was the Eastern Roman Empire also known by?, answer: Byzantine Empire
As the Romans extended their dominance throughout the Mediterranean world, their policy in general was to absorb the deities and cults of other peoples rather than try to eradicate them, since they believed that preserving tradition promoted social stability. One way that Rome incorporated diverse peoples was by supporting their religious heritage, building temples to local deities that framed their theology within the hierarchy of Roman religion. Inscriptions throughout the Empire record the side-by-side worship of local and Roman deities, including dedications made by Romans to local gods. By the height of the Empire, numerous international deities were cultivated at Rome and had been carried to even the most remote provinces, among them Cybele, Isis, Epona, and gods of solar monism such as Mithras and Sol Invictus, found as far north as Roman Britain. Because Romans had never been obligated to cultivate one god or one cult only, religious tolerance was not an issue in the sense that it is for competing monotheistic systems. The monotheistic rigor of Judaism posed difficulties for Roman policy that led at times to compromise and the granting of special exemptions, but sometimes to intractable conflict. For example, religious disputes helped cause the First Jewish–Roman War and the Bar Kokhba revolt.

question: To the Romans what did them think promoted social stability?, answer: preserving tradition | question: What did the Romans tend to do with local religions and deities in conquered areas?, answer: absorb | question: What facet of religion was not an issue for Roman?, answer: tolerance | question: To what areas of the Roman empire did the Romans take their deities?, answer: remote provinces | question: What facet of a foreign people did Rome add to itself to promote order?, answer: religious heritage
As the School grew, more students were allowed to attend provided that they paid their own fees and lived in the town, outside the College's original buildings. These students became known as Oppidans, from the Latin word oppidum, meaning town. The Houses developed over time as a means of providing residence for the Oppidans in a more congenial manner, and during the 18th and 19th centuries were mostly run by women known as "dames". They typically contain about fifty boys. Although classes are organised on a School basis, most boys spend a large proportion of their time in their House. Each House has a formal name, mainly used for post and people outside the Eton community. It is generally known by the boys by the initials or surname of the House Master, the teacher who lives in the house and manages the pupils in it.

question: What is the term given to students who lived in town, but not on the campus of Eton?, answer: Oppidans | question: Oppidan residences were generally cared after by women known as what?, answer: "dames" | question: What is a House Master?, answer: the teacher who lives in the house and manages the pupils in it | question: About how many students are in a typical Oppidan house?, answer: fifty
As the Soga clan had taken control of the throne in the sixth century, the Fujiwara by the ninth century had intermarried with the imperial family, and one of their members was the first head of the Emperor's Private Office. Another Fujiwara became regent, Sesshō for his grandson, then a minor emperor, and yet another was appointed Kampaku. Toward the end of the ninth century, several emperors tried, but failed, to check the Fujiwara. For a time, however, during the reign of Emperor Daigo (897-930), the Fujiwara regency was suspended as he ruled directly.

question: In what century did the Soga family take the throne?, answer: sixth | question: A member of what clan became the head of the Emperor's Private Office?, answer: Fujiwara | question: Which emperor suspended the Fujiwara clan's power?, answer: Daigo | question: Emperor Daigo ruled during what years?, answer: 897-930
As the Tokugawa period progressed more value became placed on education, and the education of females beginning at a young age became important to families and society as a whole. Marriage criteria began to weigh intelligence and education as desirable attributes in a wife, right along with physical attractiveness. Though many of the texts written for women during the Tokugawa period only pertained to how a woman could become a successful wife and household manager, there were those that undertook the challenge of learning to read, and also tackled philosophical and literary classics. Nearly all women of the samurai class were literate by the end of the Tokugawa period.

question: In what period did Japanese women begin being more educated?, answer: Tokugawa | question: What were added to marriage criteria in the Tokugawa period?, answer: intelligence and education as desirable attributes | question: What types of advanced books did some Japanese women read?, answer: philosophical and literary classics | question: When had most samurai wives learned to read?, answer: the end of the Tokugawa period
As the capital of Uruguay, Montevideo is home to a number of festivals and carnivals including a Gaucho festival when people ride through the streets on horseback in traditional gaucho gear. The major annual festival is the annual Montevideo Carnaval which is part of the national festival of Carnival Week, celebrated throughout Uruguay, with central activities in the capital, Montevideo. Officially, the public holiday lasts for two days on Carnival Monday and Shrove Tuesday preceding Ash Wednesday, but due to the prominence of the festival, most shops and businesses close for the entire week. During carnival there are many open-air stage performances and competitions and the streets and houses are vibrantly decorated. "Tablados" or popular scenes, both fixed and movable, are erected in the whole city. Notable displays include "Desfile de las Llamadas" ("Parade of the Calls"), which is a grand united parade held on the south part of downtown, where it used to be a common ritual back in the early 20th century. Due to the scale of the festival, preparation begins as early as December with an election of the "zonal beauty queens" to appear in the carnival.

question: What is the major annual festival in Montevideo?, answer: the annual Montevideo Carnaval | question: What is the annual Montevideo Carnaval part of?, answer: the national festival of Carnival Week | question: What does Tablados mean?, answer: popular scenes | question: What does Desfile de las Llamadas mean?, answer: Parade of the Calls
As the capital of Uruguay, Montevideo is the economic and political centre of the country. Most of the largest and wealthiest businesses in Uruguay have their headquarters in the city. Since the 1990s the city has undergone rapid economic development and modernization, including two of Uruguay's most important buildings—the World Trade Center Montevideo (1998), and Telecommunications Tower (2000), the headquarters of Uruguay's government-owned telecommunications company ANTEL, increasing the city's integration into the global marketplace.

question: What is the economic and political centre of the country?, answer: Montevideo | question: What year was the World Trade Center Montevideo constructed?, answer: 1998 | question: What year was the Telecommunications Tower constructed?, answer: (2000
As the center of the empire, early-Ming Nanjing had worldwide connections. It was home of the admiral Zheng He, who went to sail the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and it was visited by foreign dignitaries, such as a king from Borneo (Boni 渤泥), who died during his visit to China in 1408. The Tomb of the King of Boni, with a spirit way and a tortoise stele, was discovered in Yuhuatai District (south of the walled city) in 1958, and has been restored.

question: What Admiral called Nanjing his home?, answer: admiral Zheng He | question: What visiting king died in China in 1408?, answer: (Boni 渤泥) | question: What country did this visiting king come from?, answer: Borneo | question: What stele is at Boni's tomb?, answer: a tortoise stele
As the centre of Australia's "rust belt", Melbourne experienced an economic downturn between 1989 to 1992, following the collapse of several local financial institutions. In 1992 the newly elected Kennett government began a campaign to revive the economy with an aggressive development campaign of public works coupled with the promotion of the city as a tourist destination with a focus on major events and sports tourism. During this period the Australian Grand Prix moved to Melbourne from Adelaide. Major projects included the construction of a new facility for the Melbourne Museum, Federation Square, the Melbourne Exhibition and Convention Centre, Crown Casino and the CityLink tollway. Other strategies included the privatisation of some of Melbourne's services, including power and public transport, and a reduction in funding to public services such as health, education and public transport infrastructure.

question: During which years did Melbourne experience an economic downturn?, answer: 1989 to 1992 | question: The Australian Grand Prix moved to Melbourne from where?, answer: Adelaide | question: Which city is the center of Australia's "rust belt"?, answer: Melbourne | question: Which government in 1992 began a campaign to revive the economy?, answer: Kennett
As the century wore on, the factions slowly began to adopt more coherent political tendencies as the interests of their power bases began to diverge. The Whig party's initial base of support from the great aristocratic families, widened to include the emerging industrial interests and wealthy merchants. As well as championing constitutional monarchy with strict limits on the monarch's power, the Whigs adamantly opposed a Catholic king as a threat to liberty, and believed in extending toleration to nonconformist Protestants, or dissenters. A major influence on the Whigs were the liberal political ideas of John Locke, and the concepts of universal rights employed by Locke and Algernon Sidney.

question: Who's liberal political ideas influenced the Whigs?, answer: John Locke | question: Name the two people who's concepts of universal rights influenced the Whigs., answer: Locke and Algernon Sidney | question: Did the Whigs want to limit the monarch's power?, answer: championing constitutional monarchy with strict limits on the monarch's power | question: Did the Whigs support or oppose the Catholic king?, answer: the Whigs adamantly opposed a Catholic king as a threat to liberty
As the economic situation worsened MacDonald agreed to form a "National Government" with the Conservatives and the Liberals. On 24 August 1931 MacDonald submitted the resignation of his ministers and led a small number of his senior colleagues in forming the National Government together with the other parties. This caused great anger among those within the Labour Party who felt betrayed by MacDonald's actions: he and his supporters were promptly expelled from the Labour Party and formed a separate National Labour Organisation. The remaining Labour Party MPs (led again by Arthur Henderson) and a few Liberals went into opposition. The ensuing 1931 general election resulted in overwhelming victory for the National Government and disaster for the Labour Party which won only 52 seats, 225 fewer than in 1929.

question: When did MacDonald submit the resignation of his ministers?, answer: 1931 | question: What caused MacDonald to form a separate party?, answer: he and his supporters were promptly expelled | question: Who won the 1931 election?, answer: National Government
As the economy and the middle class expanded, there was an increasing number of amateur musicians. One manifestation of this involved women, who became more involved with music on a social level. Women were already engaged in professional roles as singers, and increased their presence in the amateur performers' scene, especially with keyboard music. Music publishers begin to print music that amateurs could understand and play. The majority of the works that were published were for keyboard, voice and keyboard, and chamber ensemble. After these initial genres were popularized, from the mid-century on, amateur groups sang choral music, which then became a new trend for publishers to capitalize on. The increasing study of the fine arts, as well as access to amateur-friendly published works, led to more people becoming interested in reading and discussing music. Music magazines, reviews, and critical works which suited amateurs as well as connoisseurs began to surface.

question: A the economy and middle class expanded, what artistic profession had an increasing number of members?, answer: musicians | question: Which economic class expansion led to the emergence of music magazines and reviews?, answer: middle | question: Women increased their presence in the amateur performers scene with what instrument, especially?, answer: keyboard | question: Which musican mediums were the majority of amateur music works published for?, answer: keyboard, voice and keyboard, and chamber ensemble
As the election approached, other prominent citizens and politicians from both parties urged Eisenhower to run for president. In January 1948, after learning of plans in New Hampshire to elect delegates supporting him for the forthcoming Republican National Convention, Eisenhower stated through the Army that he was "not available for and could not accept nomination to high political office"; "life-long professional soldiers", he wrote, "in the absence of some obvious and overriding reason, [should] abstain from seeking high political office". Eisenhower maintained no political party affiliation during this time. Many believed he was forgoing his only opportunity to be president; Republican Thomas E. Dewey was considered the other probable winner, would presumably serve two terms, and Eisenhower, at age 66 in 1956, would then be too old.

question: What state's delegates were considering supporting Eisenhower in 1948?, answer: New Hampshire | question: How old would Eisenhower be in 1956?, answer: 66 | question: Why was it unlikely that Eisenhower would run for president in 1956?, answer: too old | question: Who was it assumed would win the election of 1948?, answer: Thomas E. Dewey