lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Houston is considered to be a politically divided city whose balance of power often sways between Republicans and Democrats. Much of the city's wealthier areas vote Republican while the city's working class and minority areas vote Democratic. According to the 2005 Houston Area Survey, 68 percent of non-Hispanic whites in Harris County are declared or favor Republicans while 89 percent of non-Hispanic blacks in the area are declared or favor Democrats. About 62 percent Hispanics (of any race) in the area are declared or favor Democrats. The city has often been known to be the most politically diverse city in Texas, a state known for being generally conservative. As a result, the city is often a contested area in statewide elections. In 2009, Houston became the first US city with a population over 1 million citizens to elect a gay mayor, by electing Annise Parker.

question: What is the political climate of Houston?, answer: divided | question: Who in Houston tends to vote Republican?, answer: wealthier areas | question: How do the working and minority areas vote in Houston?, answer: Democratic | question: What percent of Hispanics vote Democrat?, answer: 62 percent | question: What percent of non-Hispanic whites vote Republican?, answer: 68 percent
Houston is recognized worldwide for its energy industry—particularly for oil and natural gas—as well as for biomedical research and aeronautics. Renewable energy sources—wind and solar—are also growing economic bases in the city. The Houston Ship Channel is also a large part of Houston's economic base. Because of these strengths, Houston is designated as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network and global management consulting firm A.T. Kearney. The Houston area is the top U.S. market for exports, surpassing New York City in 2013, according to data released by the U.S. Department of Commerce's International Trade Administration. In 2012, the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land area recorded $110.3 billion in merchandise exports. Petroleum products, chemicals, and oil and gas extraction equipment accounted for approximately two-thirds of the metropolitan area's exports last year. The Top 3 destinations for exports were Mexico, Canada, and Brazil.

question: Besides oil and gas, what is Houston known for?, answer: biomedical research and aeronautics | question: What other industry is a large part of Houston's economy?, answer: Houston Ship Channel | question: What designation does the Globalization and World Cities Study Group give Houston?, answer: global city | question: In what did Houston pass New York City in 2013?, answer: market for exports | question: How much in dollars did the Houston area export in 2012?, answer: $110.3 billion
Houston is served by the Houston Chronicle, its only major daily newspaper with wide distribution. The Hearst Corporation, which owns and operates the Houston Chronicle, bought the assets of the Houston Post—its long-time rival and main competition—when Houston Post ceased operations in 1995. The Houston Post was owned by the family of former Lieutenant Governor Bill Hobby of Houston. The only other major publication to serve the city is the Houston Press—a free alternative weekly with a weekly readership of more than 300,000.

question: What is Houston's major newspaper?, answer: Houston Chronicle | question: Who owns the Houston Chronicle?, answer: Hearst Corporation | question: When did Chronicle rival newspaper, the Houston Post, cease operations?, answer: 1995 | question: Whose family owned the Houston Post?, answer: Bill Hobby | question: What is the other newspaper that serves Houston?, answer: Houston Press
Houston is the seat of the internationally renowned Texas Medical Center, which contains the world's largest concentration of research and healthcare institutions. All 49 member institutions of the Texas Medical Center are non-profit organizations. They provide patient and preventive care, research, education, and local, national, and international community well-being. Employing more than 73,600 people, institutions at the medical center include 13 hospitals and two specialty institutions, two medical schools, four nursing schools, and schools of dentistry, public health, pharmacy, and virtually all health-related careers. It is where one of the first—and still the largest—air emergency service, Life Flight, was created, and a very successful inter-institutional transplant program was developed. More heart surgeries are performed at the Texas Medical Center than anywhere else in the world.

question: Where in Houston is the world's largest grouping of healthcare institutions?, answer: Texas Medical Center | question: How many non profit organizations are members of the Medical Center?, answer: 49 | question: How many people are employed in the Texas Medical Center?, answer: 73,600 | question: How many hospitals belong to the Medical Center group of organizations?, answer: 13 | question: What is the name of the first air emergency service?, answer: Life Flight
Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou (now known as Allen's Landing) and incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837. The city was named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas and had commanded and won at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 miles (40 km) east of where the city was established. The burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the city's population. In the mid-twentieth century, Houston became the home of the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, where the Mission Control Center is located.

question: When was Houston founded?, answer: 1836 | question: Where is Allen's Landing?, answer: Buffalo Bayou | question: When was the City of Houston incorporated?, answer: June 5, 1837 | question: For whom was Houston named?, answer: Sam Houston | question: For what battle was Sam Houston known as commander?, answer: Battle of San Jacinto
Houston was incorporated in 1837 under the ward system of representation. The ward designation is the progenitor of the eleven current-day geographically oriented Houston City Council districts. Locations in Houston are generally classified as either being inside or outside the Interstate 610 Loop. The inside encompasses the central business district and many residential neighborhoods that predate World War II. More recently, high-density residential areas have been developed within the loop. The city's outlying areas, suburbs and enclaves are located outside of the loop. Beltway 8 encircles the city another 5 miles (8.0 km) farther out.

question: What system of incorporation was used in 1837 by Houston?, answer: ward system | question: What is the present day system being used by Houston for representation?, answer: Houston City Council districts | question: What highway is used to designate locations in Houston?, answer: Interstate 610 Loop | question: Beside older pre-World War II residences, what is found inside the Loop?, answer: central business district | question: What highway circles the outer areas of Houston?, answer: Beltway 8
Houston was the headquarters of Continental Airlines until its 2010 merger with United Airlines with headquarters in Chicago; regulatory approval for the merger was granted in October of that year. Bush Intercontinental became United Airlines' largest airline hub. The airline retained a significant operational presence in Houston while offering more than 700 daily departures from the city. In early 2007, Bush Intercontinental Airport was named a model "port of entry" for international travelers by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

question: Until 2010, which airline made Houston its headquarters?, answer: Continental Airlines | question: Where is United Airlines' largest air hub?, answer: Bush Intercontinental | question: With which airline did Continental Airlines merge?, answer: United Airlines | question: How many daily flights did United Airlines offer from Houston?, answer: 700 | question: In what year was Bush Intercontinental named a model by U.S. Customs?, answer: 2007
Houston's economy has a broad industrial base in energy, manufacturing, aeronautics, and transportation. It is also leading in health care sectors and building oilfield equipment; only New York City is home to more Fortune 500 headquarters within its city limits. The Port of Houston ranks first in the United States in international waterborne tonnage handled and second in total cargo tonnage handled. Nicknamed the Space City, Houston is a global city, with strengths in business, international trade, entertainment, culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine and research. The city has a population from various ethnic and religious backgrounds and a large and growing international community. Houston is the most diverse city in Texas and has been described as the most diverse in the United States. It is home to many cultural institutions and exhibits, which attract more than 7 million visitors a year to the Museum District. Houston has an active visual and performing arts scene in the Theater District and offers year-round resident companies in all major performing arts.

question: What city has more Fortune 500 headquarters than Houston?, answer: New York City | question: What part of Houston ranks first in the U.S. in international tonnage?, answer: Port of Houston | question: What is Houston's nickname?, answer: Space City | question: What is varied about Houston's population?, answer: ethnic and religious backgrounds | question: What city is the most diverse in Texas?, answer: Houston
Houston's highway system has a hub-and-spoke freeway structure serviced by multiple loops. The innermost loop is Interstate 610, which encircles downtown, the medical center, and many core neighborhoods with around a 8-mile (13 km) diameter. Beltway 8 and its freeway core, the Sam Houston Tollway, form the middle loop at a diameter of roughly 23 miles (37 km). A proposed highway project, State Highway 99 (Grand Parkway), will form a third loop outside of Houston, totaling 180 miles in length and making an almost-complete circumference, with the exception of crossing the ship channel. As of June 2014, two of eleven segments of State Highway 99 have been completed to the west of Houston, and three northern segments, totaling 38 miles, are actively under construction and scheduled to open to traffic late in 2015. In addition to the Sam Houston Tollway loop mentioned above, the Harris County Toll Road Authority currently operates four spoke tollways: The Katy Managed Lanes of Interstate 10, the Hardy Toll Road, the Westpark Tollway, and the Fort Bend Parkway Extension. Other spoke roads either planned or under construction include Crosby Freeway, and the future Alvin Freeway.

question: What is the type of freeway system that serves Houston?, answer: hub-and-spoke | question: What encircles the downtown area of Houston?, answer: Interstate 610 | question: What is the diameter of the downtown area?, answer: 8-mile | question: What part of the freeway system is Beltway 8?, answer: middle loop | question: What is the diameter of the center of Beltway 8?, answer: 23 miles
Howard differed from his Labor predecessor Paul Keating in that he supported traditional Australian institutions like the Monarchy in Australia, the commemoration of ANZAC Day and the design of the Australian flag, but like Keating he pursued privatisation of public utilities and the introduction of a broad based consumption tax (although Keating had dropped support for a GST by the time of his 1993 election victory). Howard's premiership coincided with Al Qaeda's 11 September attacks on the United States. The Howard Government invoked the ANZUS treaty in response to the attacks and supported America's campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq.

question: How was Howard different from Paul Keating?, answer: he supported traditional Australian institutions like the Monarchy in Australia, the commemoration of ANZAC Day and the design of the Australian flag | question: In what ways was Howard similar to Paul Keating?, answer: pursued privatisation of public utilities and the introduction of a broad based consumption tax | question: Which government supported the US's war Afghanistan and Iraq?, answer: The Howard Government | question: Under what agreement did the Australian government support the US?, answer: the ANZUS treaty
However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328. The accusation must have seemed plausible. The Orthodox Church places his year of birth around 297.

question: What famous event happened in 303?, answer: Maximian persecution | question: What writing mentions the Arian accusation that Athanasius was under aged?, answer: the Festal Epistles | question: At what age was a man eligible to be ordained at Patriarch of Alexandria?, answer: canonical age (30)
However Qing rule saw an massively increasing amount of Han Chinese both illegally and legally streaming into Manchuria and settling down to cultivate land as Manchu landlords desired Han Chinese peasants to rent on their land and grow grain, most Han Chinese migrants were not evicted as they went over the Great Wall and Willow Palisade, during the eighteenth century Han Chinese farmed 500,000 hectares of privately owned land in Manchuria and 203,583 hectares of lands which were part of coutrier stations, noble estates, and Banner lands, in garrisons and towns in Manchuria Han Chinese made up 80% of the population.

question: Where did Hans go to to find land?, answer: Manchuria | question: How much land did the Han cultivate?, answer: 500,000 hectares | question: What percent of the population in Manchuria was Han?, answer: 80%
However a log-periodic dipole array consists of a number of dipole elements of different lengths in order to obtain a somewhat directional antenna having an extremely wide bandwidth: these are frequently used for television reception in fringe areas. The dipole antennas composing it are all considered "active elements" since they are all electrically connected together (and to the transmission line). On the other hand, a superficially similar dipole array, the Yagi-Uda Antenna (or simply "Yagi"), has only one dipole element with an electrical connection; the other so-called parasitic elements interact with the electromagnetic field in order to realize a fairly directional antenna but one which is limited to a rather narrow bandwidth. The Yagi antenna has similar looking parasitic dipole elements but which act differently due to their somewhat different lengths. There may be a number of so-called "directors" in front of the active element in the direction of propagation, and usually a single (but possibly more) "reflector" on the opposite side of the active element.

question: What type of antenna formation is made up of multiple dipole elements of varying lengths?, answer: log-periodic dipole array | question: What is the benefit of this formation type?, answer: extremely wide bandwidth | question: What is a variation of this antenna type?, answer: Yagi-Uda Antenna | question: What is the main application of these set ups?, answer: television reception
However loss resistance will generally affect the feedpoint impedance, adding to its resistive (real) component. That resistance will consist of the sum of the radiation resistance Rr and the loss resistance Rloss. If an rms current I is delivered to the terminals of an antenna, then a power of I2Rr will be radiated and a power of I2Rloss will be lost as heat. Therefore, the efficiency of an antenna is equal to Rr / (Rr + Rloss). Of course only the total resistance Rr + Rloss can be directly measured.

question: What can increase the feedpoint impedance of a component?, answer: loss resistance | question: The addition of Rr and Rloss equals what?, answer: resistance | question: What equation an determine an antennas effectiveness?, answer: Rr / (Rr + Rloss) | question: What is the single factor that can be precisely measured?, answer: total resistance
However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan and Hind bint Utbah fought in the Battle of Yarmouk. The defeat of the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius at the Battle of Yarmouk opened the way for the Muslim expansion into Jerusalem and Syria.

question: What nation lost the Battle of Yarmouk?, answer: Byzantine | question: Who was the Byzantine leader at the Battle of Yarmouk?, answer: Heraclius | question: Along with Syria, where did the Muslims extend their control after the Battle of Yarmouk?, answer: Jerusalem | question: Who was the father of Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan?, answer: Abu Sufyan ibn Harb | question: Along with Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan, what notable Muslim participated in the Battle of Yarmouk?, answer: Hind bint Utbah
However, Avicenna posited the brain as the place where reason interacts with sensation. Sensation prepares the soul to receive rational concepts from the universal Agent Intellect. The first knowledge of the flying person would be "I am," affirming his or her essence. That essence could not be the body, obviously, as the flying person has no sensation. Thus, the knowledge that "I am" is the core of a human being: the soul exists and is self-aware. Avicenna thus concluded that the idea of the self is not logically dependent on any physical thing, and that the soul should not be seen in relative terms, but as a primary given, a substance. The body is unnecessary; in relation to it, the soul is its perfection. In itself, the soul is an immaterial substance.

question: Where did reason interact with sensation according to Avicenna?, answer: the brain | question: What is the universal agent?, answer: Intellect | question: In Avicenna's work "Floating Man", what is the core of a human being?, answer: the knowledge that "I am" | question: What is the body's perfection?, answer: the soul | question: In Avicenna's "Floating Man", what could the essence of a person not be?, answer: the body
However, Eritrea still faces many challenges. Despite number of physicians increasing from only 0.2 in 1993 to 0.5 in 2004 per 1000 population, this is still very low. Malaria and tuberculosis are common in Eritrea. HIV prevalence among the 15–49 group exceeds 2%. The fertility rate is at about 5 births per woman. Maternal mortality dropped by more than half from 1995 to 2002, although the figure is still high. Similarly, between 1995 and 2002, the number of births attended by skilled health personnel has doubled but still is only 28.3%. A major cause of death in neonates is by severe infection. Per capita expenditure on health is low in Eritrea.

question: In 2004, how many physicians did Eritrea have per 1000 people?, answer: 0.5 | question: How prevalent is HIV among the 15-49 age group in Eritrea?, answer: exceeds 2% | question: What is the fertility rate in Eriterea?, answer: 5 births per woman | question: As of 2002, how many births were attended by skilled health personnel in Eriterea?, answer: 28.3% | question: What is a major cause of death in neonates in Eriterea?, answer: severe infection
However, Samoans greatly resented New Zealand's colonial rule, and blamed inflation and the catastrophic 1918 flu epidemic on its misrule. By the late 1920s the resistance movement against colonial rule had gathered widespread support. One of the Mau leaders was Olaf Frederick Nelson, a half Samoan and half Swedish merchant. Nelson was eventually exiled during the late 1920s and early 1930s, but he continued to assist the organisation financially and politically. In accordance with the Mau's non-violent philosophy, the newly elected leader, High Chief Tupua Tamasese Lealofi, led his fellow uniformed Mau in a peaceful demonstration in downtown Apia on 28 December 1929.

question: What decade marked the peak of support for opposition to New Zealand's governance?, answer: 1920s | question: What was the name of the Mau leader who was of Samoan and Swedish descent?, answer: Olaf Frederick Nelson | question: What philosophy characterized the Mau resistance?, answer: non-violent philosophy | question: What title was given to the Mau's elected leader, Tupua Tamasese Lealofi?, answer: High Chief | question: On what date did the Mau demonstrate on the streets of Apia?, answer: 28 December 1929
However, William Woodthorpe Tarn, between World War I and World War II and the heyday of the League of Nations, focused on the issues of racial and cultural confrontation and the nature of colonial rule. Michael Rostovtzeff, who fled the Russian Revolution, concentrated predominantly on the rise of the capitalist bourgeoisie in areas of Greek rule. Arnaldo Momigliano, an Italian Jew who wrote before and after the Second World War, studied the problem of mutual understanding between races in the conquered areas. Moses Hadas portrayed an optimistic picture of synthesis of culture from the perspective of the 1950s, while Frank William Walbank in the 1960s and 1970s had a materialistic approach to the Hellenistic period, focusing mainly on class relations. Recently, however, papyrologist C. Préaux has concentrated predominantly on the economic system, interactions between kings and cities and provides a generally pessimistic view on the period. Peter Green, on the other hand, writes from the point of view of late 20th century liberalism, his focus being on individualism, the breakdown of convention, experiments and a postmodern disillusionment with all institutions and political processes.

question: Who focused on the issue of racial and cultural confrontation?, answer: William Woodthorpe Tarn | question: Which organization did Michael Rostovtzeff flee from?, answer: Russian Revolution | question: Who studied the problem mutual understanding between races in conquered areas?, answer: Arnaldo Momigliano | question: Frank William Walbank mainly focused on which relations in his depictions of Hellinistic culture?, answer: class | question: Whish Hellinistic historian focused primarely on the economic system?, answer: C. Préaux
However, according to research firm NPD, sales of devices running Windows in the United States have declined 21 percent compared to the same time period in 2011. As the holiday shopping season wrapped up, Windows 8 sales continued to lag, even as Apple reported brisk sales. The market research firm IDC reported an overall drop in PC sales for the quarter, and said the drop may have been partly due to consumer reluctance to embrace the new features of the OS and poor support from OEM for these features. This capped the first year of declining PC sales to the Asia Pacific region, as consumers bought more mobile devices than Windows PCs.

question: What is IDC?, answer: market research firm | question: What is the decline in PC sales attributed to?, answer: consumers bought more mobile devices | question: How much of a decrease in sales have Windows devices experienced?, answer: 21 percent | question: While Windows sales went down, which company experienced an increase in sales?, answer: Apple