lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Richmond is not home to any major league professional sports teams, but since 2013, the Washington Redskins of the National Football League have held their summer training camp in the city. There are also several minor league sports in the city, including the Richmond Kickers of the USL Professional Division (third tier of American soccer) and the Richmond Flying Squirrels of the Class AA Eastern League of Minor League Baseball (an affiliate of the San Francisco Giants). The Kickers began playing in Richmond in 1993, and currently play at City Stadium. The Squirrels opened their first season at The Diamond on April 15, 2010. From 1966 through 2008, the city was home to the Richmond Braves, a AAA affiliate of the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball, until the franchise relocated to Georgia.

question: What sport do the Washington Redskins play?, answer: Football | question: What sport do the Richmond Kickers compete in?, answer: soccer | question: With what Major League Baseball team are the Richmond Flying Squirrels associated?, answer: San Francisco Giants | question: What is the home ground of the Richmond Kickers?, answer: City Stadium | question: Where did the Richmond Braves move to?, answer: Georgia
Richmond recovered quickly from the war, and by 1782 was once again a thriving city. In 1786, the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (drafted by Thomas Jefferson) was passed at the temporary capitol in Richmond, providing the basis for the separation of church and state, a key element in the development of the freedom of religion in the United States. A permanent home for the new government, the Virginia State Capitol building, was designed by Thomas Jefferson with the assistance of Charles-Louis Clérisseau, and was completed in 1788.

question: What is the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?, answer: the basis for the separation of church and state | question: Who drafted the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?, answer: Thomas Jefferson | question: Who designed the Richmond Capital Building?, answer: Thomas Jefferson | question: Who is Charles-Louis Clerisseau?, answer: Capitol building, was designed by | question: When was the Capital building completed?, answer: 1788 | question: Who aided Jefferson in designing the Virginia State Capitol?, answer: Charles-Louis Clérisseau | question: In what year was the Virginia State Capitol finished?, answer: 1788 | question: What was the capital of Virginia circa 1786?, answer: Richmond | question: What notable document was authored by Thomas Jefferson in 1786?, answer: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom | question: In what year could Richmond first be said to have recovered from the destruction of the American Revolution?, answer: 1782
Richmond's economy is primarily driven by law, finance, and government, with federal, state, and local governmental agencies, as well as notable legal and banking firms, located in the downtown area. The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of appeals, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, one of 12 Federal Reserve Banks. Dominion Resources and MeadWestvaco, Fortune 500 companies, are headquartered in the city, with others in the metropolitan area.

question: What things are important to the economy of Richmond?, answer: law, finance, and government, with federal, state, and local governmental agencies | question: What judicial branches are located in Richmond?, answer: The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of appeals | question: There is a Federal Reserve Bank located in Richmond. How many are there, total?, answer: 12 Federal Reserve Banks | question: Name a Fortune 500 company with it's headquarters in Richmond, answer: Dominion Resources and MeadWestvaco | question: Along with law and finance, what is a major component of Richmond's economy?, answer: government | question: What circuit of the US Court of Appeals is based in Richmond?, answer: Fourth | question: How many circuit courts of appeal are there in the United States?, answer: 13 | question: How many Federal Reserve Banks exist?, answer: 12 | question: Along with MeadWestvaco, what Fortune 500 company is based in Richmond?, answer: Dominion Resources
Richmond's original street grid, laid out in 1737, included the area between what are now Broad, 17th, and 25th Streets and the James River. Modern Downtown Richmond is located slightly farther west, on the slopes of Shockoe Hill. Nearby neighborhoods include Shockoe Bottom, the historically significant and low-lying area between Shockoe Hill and Church Hill, and Monroe Ward, which contains the Jefferson Hotel. Richmond's East End includes neighborhoods like rapidly gentrifying Church Hill, home to St. John's Church, as well as poorer areas like Fulton, Union Hill, and Fairmont, and public housing projects like Mosby Court, Whitcomb Court, Fairfield Court, and Creighton Court closer to Interstate 64.

question: What neighborhood is located in between Church and Shockoe Hill?, answer: Shockoe Bottom | question: What Richmond neighborhood is home to the Jefferson Hotel?, answer: Monroe Ward | question: What neighborhood of Richmond contains St. John's Church?, answer: Church Hill | question: What is Fairfield Court?, answer: public housing projects | question: In what year was the Richmond street grid first developed?, answer: 1737
Ripple current is the AC component of an applied source (often a switched-mode power supply) whose frequency may be constant or varying. Ripple current causes heat to be generated within the capacitor due to the dielectric losses caused by the changing field strength together with the current flow across the slightly resistive supply lines or the electrolyte in the capacitor. The equivalent series resistance (ESR) is the amount of internal series resistance one would add to a perfect capacitor to model this. Some types of capacitors, primarily tantalum and aluminum electrolytic capacitors, as well as some film capacitors have a specified rating value for maximum ripple current.

question: What name is given to the AC component of an applied source having either constant or alternating frequency?, answer: Ripple current | question: What is one cause of dielectric losses in a capacitor?, answer: changing field strength | question: What is another cause of dielectric losses in a capacitor?, answer: current flow across the slightly resistive supply lines or the electrolyte | question: What is the name given to the amount of internal series resistance needed to add to an ideal capacitor model in order to represent the heat generated by dielectric losses?, answer: equivalent series resistance (ESR) | question: What is one type of capacitor that has a specified rating value for maximum ripple current?, answer: aluminum electrolytic capacitors
Roads in the US have been paved with materials that include asphalt/bitumen since at least 1870, when a street in front of the Newark, NJ City Hall was paved. In many cases, these early pavings were made from naturally occurring "bituminous rock", such as at Ritchie Mines in Macfarlan in Ritchie County, West Virginia from 1852 to 1873. In 1876, asphalt-based paving was used to pave Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, DC, in time for the celebration of the national centennial. Asphalt/bitumen was also used for flooring, paving and waterproofing of baths and swimming pools during the early 20th century, following similar trends in Europe.

question: Since what date has asphalt been used for road paving in the US?, answer: 1870 | question: In front of what NJ building was the street paved with asphalt in 1870?, answer: City Hall | question: What natural substance was used in early road pavings?, answer: bituminous rock | question: From what Virginia mines was asphalt obtained for early street pavings?, answer: Ritchie Mines | question: For what purpose was asphalt used in swimming pools and baths?, answer: waterproofing
Robert Fisk, seven times British International Journalist of the Year, resigned as foreign correspondent in 1988 over what he saw as "political censorship" of his article on the shooting-down of Iran Air Flight 655 in July 1988. He wrote in detail about his reasons for resigning from the paper due to meddling with his stories, and the paper's pro-Israel stance.

question: Which major journalist resigned as foreign correspondent of the Times in 1988?, answer: Robert Fisk | question: The foreign correspondent who resigned from The Times in 1988 won how many major journalism awards?, answer: seven | question: The foreign correspondent for The Times who resigned in 1988, resigned for what reason?, answer: political censorship | question: What airplane was shot down in July 1988 that a famous foreign correspondent from The Times wrote an article about that later lead to his resignation?, answer: Iran Air Flight 655 | question: What stance did The Times take that cause a famous foreign correspondent to resign in 1988?, answer: pro-Israel stance
Robert N. Bellah has in his writings that although the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in the constitution of the United States, this does not mean that there is no religious dimension in the political society of the United States. He used the term "Civil Religion" to describe the specific relation between politics and religion in the United States. His 1967 article analyzes the inaugural speech of John F. Kennedy: "Considering the separation of church and state, how is a president justified in using the word 'God' at all? The answer is that the separation of church and state has not denied the political realm a religious dimension."

question: What does Bellah say the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in?, answer: constitution of the United States | question: Whose speech does Bellah's 1967 article analyze?, answer: John F. Kennedy | question: What does Bellah use the term "civil religion' to describe?, answer: the specific relation between politics and religion | question: What word does Bellah ask how a President is justified to use?, answer: God | question: What has the separation of church and state failed to deny the political realm of?, answer: a religious dimension
Robert Plutchik agreed with Ekman's biologically driven perspective but developed the "wheel of emotions", suggesting eight primary emotions grouped on a positive or negative basis: joy versus sadness; anger versus fear; trust versus disgust; and surprise versus anticipation. Some basic emotions can be modified to form complex emotions. The complex emotions could arise from cultural conditioning or association combined with the basic emotions. Alternatively, similar to the way primary colors combine, primary emotions could blend to form the full spectrum of human emotional experience. For example, interpersonal anger and disgust could blend to form contempt. Relationships exist between basic emotions, resulting in positive or negative influences.

question: What is the name of the theory Plutchik created?, answer: wheel of emotions | question: How many main emotions exist in Plutchik's theory?, answer: eight | question: In Plutchik's theory, what emotion is the opposite of anticipation?, answer: surprise | question: What emotion can be perceived as a combination of disgust and anger?, answer: contempt | question: What does Plutchik see as the positive equivalent of disgust?, answer: trust
Robert S. Wood has argued that the United States is a model for the world in terms of how a separation of church and state—no state-run or state-established church—is good for both the church and the state, allowing a variety of religions to flourish. Speaking at the Toronto-based Center for New Religions, Wood said that the freedom of conscience and assembly allowed under such a system has led to a "remarkable religiosity" in the United States that isn't present in other industrialized nations. Wood believes that the U.S. operates on "a sort of civic religion," which includes a generally-shared belief in a creator who "expects better of us." Beyond that, individuals are free to decide how they want to believe and fill in their own creeds and express their conscience. He calls this approach the "genius of religious sentiment in the United States."

question: What does having no state-run or state-established allow a variety of religions to do?, answer: flourish | question: Who has argued the United States is a model for the world in separation of church and state is a good thing?, answer: Robert S. Wood | question: Where is the Center for New Religions located?, answer: Toronto | question: What does Wood believe the U.S. operates on?, answer: a sort of civic religion | question: What does Wood call the approach of allowing individuals the freedom to decide what they want to believe?, answer: genius of religious sentiment in the United States
Robert of Ketton's 1143 translation of the Quran for Peter the Venerable, Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete, was the first into a Western language (Latin). Alexander Ross offered the first English version in 1649, from the French translation of L'Alcoran de Mahomet (1647) by Andre du Ryer. In 1734, George Sale produced the first scholarly translation of the Quran into English; another was produced by Richard Bell in 1937, and yet another by Arthur John Arberry in 1955. All these translators were non-Muslims. There have been numerous translations by Muslims. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has published translations of the Quran in 50 different languages besides a five-volume English commentary and an English translation of the Quran.

question: In which year was the Quran first translated into a Western language?, answer: 1143 | question: Which organization offers versions of the Quran in 50 languages?, answer: Ahmadiyya Muslim Community | question: Whose French translation of the Quran was the model for the first English version?, answer: Andre du Ryer | question: Who completed the first Latin version of the Quran?, answer: Robert of Ketton | question: In which language was Alexander Ross' version of the Quran published in 1649?, answer: English
Rocket-propelled grenades can be—and often are—used against hovering helicopters (e.g., by Somali militiamen during the Battle of Mogadishu (1993)). Firing an RPG at steep angles poses a danger to the user, because the backblast from firing reflects off the ground. In Somalia, militia members sometimes welded a steel plate in the exhaust end of an RPG's tube to deflect pressure away from the shooter when shooting up at US helicopters. RPGs are used in this role only when more effective weapons are not available.

question: What type of weapon can be used against hovering helicopters?, answer: Rocket-propelled grenades | question: What did some militia members in Somalia weld in the exhaust of the RPG tube to protect the shooter?, answer: a steel plate | question: What were the Somalian militia members firing RPGs at?, answer: US helicopters | question: An RPG fired at a steep angle has what reflecting off the ground?, answer: the backblast | question: When an RPG is fired at a steep angle, who is in danger?, answer: the user
Roman Catholic Jesuits and Capuchins arrived from Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. Portuguese missionaries Jesuit Father António de Andrade and Brother Manuel Marques first reached the kingdom of Gelu in western Tibet in 1624 and was welcomed by the royal family who allowed them to build a church later on. By 1627, there were about a hundred local converts in the Guge kingdom. Later on, Christianity was introduced to Rudok, Ladakh and Tsang and was welcomed by the ruler of the Tsang kingdom, where Andrade and his fellows established a Jesuit outpost at Shigatse in 1626.

question: When did Roman Catholic Jesuits and Capuchins arrive in Tibet from Europe?, answer: 17th and 18th centuries | question: When did Portuguese missionaries first arrive in western Tibet?, answer: 1624 | question: When was Christianity introduced to Rudok, Ladakh, and Tsang?, answer: 1626
Roman Catholic and more traditional Protestant clergy wear green vestments at liturgical celebrations during Ordinary Time. In the Eastern Catholic Church, green is the color of Pentecost. Green is one of the Christmas colors as well, possibly dating back to pre-Christian times, when evergreens were worshiped for their ability to maintain their color through the winter season. Romans used green holly and evergreen as decorations for their winter solstice celebration called Saturnalia, which eventually evolved into a Christmas celebration. In Ireland and Scotland especially, green is used to represent Catholics, while orange is used to represent Protestantism. This is shown on the national flag of Ireland.

question: What color vestments do Roman Catholic and traditional Protestant clergy wear at liturgical celebrations during Ordinary time?, answer: green | question: What is green the color of in the Eastern Catholic Church?, answer: Pentecost | question: What does green represent in Ireland and Scotland?, answer: Catholics | question: What did Romans use as decorations for their winter solstice celebration called Saturnalia?, answer: green holly and evergreen | question: What was worshipped for their ability to maintain their color through the winter season?, answer: evergreens
Roman Catholicism was the sole established religion in the Holy Roman Empire until the Reformation changed this drastically. In 1517, Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church as he saw it as a corruption of Christian faith. Through this, he altered the course of European and world history and established Protestantism. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe. The war was fought largely as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire.

question: In what year did Martin Luther challenge the Catholic Church?, answer: 1517 | question: During what years was the thirty year war?, answer: 1618–1648 | question: Until the Reformation, what was the established religion in Germany?, answer: Roman Catholicism | question: Where was the thirty year war primarily fought?, answer: Germany | question: Who was the thirty year war between?, answer: Protestants and Catholics
Roman Catholics believe in the Immaculate Conception of Mary, as proclaimed Ex Cathedra by Pope Pius IX in 1854, namely that she was filled with grace from the very moment of her conception in her mother's womb and preserved from the stain of original sin. The Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church has a liturgical feast by that name, kept on December 8. Orthodox Christians reject the Immaculate Conception dogma principally because their understanding of ancestral sin (the Greek term corresponding to the Latin "original sin") differs from the Augustinian interpretation and that of the Roman Catholic Church.

question: On what date is the feast of the Immaculate Conception in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church?, answer: December 8 | question: Which pope proclaimed the Immaculate Conception of Mary?, answer: Pope Pius IX | question: In what year did Pope Pius IX make his Ex Cathedra proclamation of the Immaculate Conception of Mary?, answer: 1854 | question: According to the doctrine of Immaculate Conception, where was Mary when she first become filled with grace?, answer: in her mother's womb | question: What is the Greek term that means the same thing as "original sin?", answer: ancestral sin
Roman beliefs about an afterlife varied, and are known mostly for the educated elite who expressed their views in terms of their chosen philosophy. The traditional care of the dead, however, and the perpetuation after death of their status in life were part of the most archaic practices of Roman religion. Ancient votive deposits to the noble dead of Latium and Rome suggest elaborate and costly funeral offerings and banquets in the company of the deceased, an expectation of afterlife and their association with the gods. As Roman society developed, its Republican nobility tended to invest less in spectacular funerals and extravagant housing for their dead, and more on monumental endowments to the community, such as the donation of a temple or public building whose donor was commemorated by his statue and inscribed name. Persons of low or negligible status might receive simple burial, with such grave goods as relatives could afford.

question: From what source does information of Roman thought about the afterlife come?, answer: educated elite | question: What type of practices were those affecting the care of the dead?, answer: archaic | question: What did the ancient Romans expect after death?, answer: afterlife | question: With whom did the early Romans expect to associate?, answer: gods | question: What did later Romans invest in rather than grave offerings?, answer: monumental endowments
Roman calendars show roughly forty annual religious festivals. Some lasted several days, others a single day or less: sacred days (dies fasti) outnumbered "non-sacred" days (dies nefasti). A comparison of surviving Roman religious calendars suggests that official festivals were organized according to broad seasonal groups that allowed for different local traditions. Some of the most ancient and popular festivals incorporated ludi ("games," such as chariot races and theatrical performances), with examples including those held at Palestrina in honour of Fortuna Primigenia during Compitalia, and the Ludi Romani in honour of Liber. Other festivals may have required only the presence and rites of their priests and acolytes, or particular groups, such as women at the Bona Dea rites.

question: How many religious celebrations did Rome have?, answer: forty | question: What type of day were there more of in Rome?, answer: sacred days | question: With what were Roman festivals organized in accordance?, answer: seasonal | question: What traditions did the seasonal festivals incorporate?, answer: local | question: Instead of the public, what did some religious rites only require?, answer: particular groups
Roman camps followed a standard pattern for defense and religious ritual; in effect they were Rome in miniature. The commander's headquarters stood at the centre; he took the auspices on a dais in front. A small building behind housed the legionary standards, the divine images used in religious rites and in the Imperial era, the image of the ruling emperor. In one camp, this shrine is even called Capitolium. The most important camp-offering appears to have been the suovetaurilia performed before a major, set battle. A ram, a boar and a bull were ritually garlanded, led around the outer perimeter of the camp (a lustratio exercitus) and in through a gate, then sacrificed: Trajan's column shows three such events from his Dacian wars. The perimeter procession and sacrifice suggest the entire camp as a divine templum; all within are purified and protected.

question: How were Roman camps laid out?, answer: standard pattern | question: For what purpose were Roman camps arranged?, answer: defense and religious ritual | question: Of what were Roman camps diminutive versions?, answer: Rome | question: What was in the center of each Roman camp?, answer: commander's headquarters | question: What does the religious rites performed before battle suggest that the camp has become?, answer: divine templum