lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Municipalities (Gemeinden): Every rural district and every Amt is subdivided into municipalities, while every urban district is a municipality in its own right. There are (as of 6 March 2009[update]) 12,141 municipalities, which are the smallest administrative units in Germany. Cities and towns are municipalities as well, also having city rights or town rights (Stadtrechte). Nowadays, this is mostly just the right to be called a city or town. However, in former times there were many other privileges, including the right to impose local taxes or to allow industry only within city limits.

question: Every rural district is subdivided into what?, answer: municipalities | question: Every urban district is what in its own right?, answer: municipality | question: How many municipalities are there?, answer: 12,141 | question: What is the smallest administrative unit in Germany?, answer: a municipality | question: What are town rights called?, answer: Stadtrechte
Murdoch found he had such a rapport with Larry Lamb over lunch that other potential recruits as editor were not interviewed and Lamb was appointed as the first editor of the new Sun. He was scathing in his opinion of the Mirror, where he had recently been employed as a senior sub-editor, and shared Murdoch's view that a paper's quality was best measured by its sales, and he regarded the Mirror as overstaffed, and primarily aimed at an ageing readership. Lamb hastily recruited a staff of about 125 reporters, who were mostly selected for their availability rather than their ability.

question: What position did Larry Lamb take with the Sun?, answer: editor | question: What type of view did Lamb have of the Mirror?, answer: scathing | question: What did Lamb and Murdoch believe to be the best indicator of newspaper quality?, answer: its sales | question: What position did Lamb formerly hold at the Mirror?, answer: senior sub-editor | question: How many reporters did Lamb hire for the Mirror's initial staff?, answer: about 125
Murdoch has responded to some of the arguments against the newspaper by saying that critics are "snobs" who want to "impose their tastes on everyone else", while MacKenzie claims the same critics are people who, if they ever had a "popular idea", would have to "go and lie down in a dark room for half an hour". Both have pointed to the huge commercial success of the Sun in this period and its establishment as Britain's top-selling newspaper, claiming that they are "giving the public what they want". This conclusion is disputed by critics. John Pilger has said that a late-1970s edition of the Daily Mirror, which replaced the usual celebrity and domestic political news items with an entire issue devoted to his own front-line reporting of the genocide in Pol Pot's Cambodia, not only outsold The Sun on the day it was issued but became the only edition of the Daily Mirror to ever sell every single copy issued throughout the country, something never achieved by The Sun.

question: How did Murdoch describe critics of his newspaper?, answer: "snobs" who want to "impose their tastes on everyone else" | question: What did Murdoch and Mackenzie say in defense of The Sun?, answer: they are "giving the public what they want" | question: Who is one critic of The Sun?, answer: John Pilger | question: What was the focus of Pilger's reporting in one issue of The Daily Mirror?, answer: the genocide in Pol Pot's Cambodia | question: What distinction does one single edition of The Daily Mirror hold?, answer: the only edition of the Daily Mirror to ever sell every single copy issued throughout the country
Music is cherished in Boston. The Boston Symphony Orchestra is one of the "Big Five," a group of the greatest American orchestras, and the classical music magazine Gramophone called it one of the "world's best" orchestras. Symphony Hall (located west of Back Bay) is home to the Boston Symphony Orchestra, (and the related Boston Youth Symphony Orchestra, which is the largest youth orchestra in the nation) and the Boston Pops Orchestra. The British newspaper The Guardian called Boston Symphony Hall "one of the top venues for classical music in the world," adding that "Symphony Hall in Boston was where science became an essential part of concert hall design." Other concerts are held at the New England Conservatory's Jordan Hall. The Boston Ballet performs at the Boston Opera House. Other performing-arts organizations located in the city include the Boston Lyric Opera Company, Opera Boston, Boston Baroque (the first permanent Baroque orchestra in the US), and the Handel and Haydn Society (one of the oldest choral companies in the United States). The city is a center for contemporary classical music with a number of performing groups, several of which are associated with the city's conservatories and universities. These include the Boston Modern Orchestra Project and Boston Musica Viva. Several theaters are located in or near the Theater District south of Boston Common, including the Cutler Majestic Theatre, Citi Performing Arts Center, the Colonial Theater, and the Orpheum Theatre.

question: The Boston Symphony Orchestra is a member of what?, answer: Big Five | question: What classical music magazine called the Boston Symphony orchestra one of the worlds best orchestras?, answer: Gramophone | question: What does Boston Symphony orchestra call home?, answer: Symphony Hall | question: Where is Symphony Hall located?, answer: west of Back Bay | question: Where is the theater District located?, answer: south of Boston Common
Music was a major part of everyday life.[citation needed] The word itself derives from Greek μουσική (mousike), "(art) of the Muses". Many private and public events were accompanied by music, ranging from nightly dining to military parades and manoeuvres. In a discussion of any ancient music, however, non-specialists and even many musicians have to be reminded that much of what makes our modern music familiar to us is the result of developments only within the last 1,000 years; thus, our ideas of melody, scales, harmony, and even the instruments we use may not have been familiar to Romans who made and listened to music many centuries earlier.[citation needed]

question: What was considered to be dominant part of normal life?, answer: Music | question: What language does the word Music see it's origins in?, answer: Greek | question: What do many people consider to be the source of our modern musics familiarity with us?, answer: developments only within the last 1,000 years | question: Could events in the Roman Republic often include music?, answer: Many private and public events were accompanied by music
Music was an important part of both secular and spiritual culture, and in the universities it made up part of the quadrivium of the liberal arts. From the early 13th century, the dominant sacred musical form had been the motet; a composition with text in several parts. From the 1330s and onwards, emerged the polyphonic style, which was a more complex fusion of independent voices. Polyphony had been common in the secular music of the Provençal troubadours. Many of these had fallen victim to the 13th-century Albigensian Crusade, but their influence reached the papal court at Avignon.

question: What style of sacred musical form emerged in the 1330s?, answer: polyphonic | question: Polyphony was common in the secular music of which French region?, answer: Provençal | question: What is the term for the four subjects that comprised the liberal arts in medieval universities?, answer: the quadrivium | question: What was the dominant sacred musical form in the early 13th century?, answer: the motet
Music, photos and videos can be played from standard USB mass storage devices, Xbox 360 proprietary storage devices (such as memory cards or Xbox 360 hard drives), and servers or computers with Windows Media Center or Windows XP with Service pack 2 or higher within the local-area network in streaming mode. As the Xbox 360 uses a modified version of the UPnP AV protocol, some alternative UPnP servers such as uShare (part of the GeeXboX project) and MythTV can also stream media to the Xbox 360, allowing for similar functionality from non-Windows servers. This is possible with video files up to HD-resolution and with several codecs (MPEG-2, MPEG-4, WMV) and container formats (WMV, MOV, TS).

question: What PC operating system is required to stream content to a 360?, answer: Windows XP with Service pack 2 or higher | question: What modified AV protocol does the 360 utilize?, answer: UPnP | question: What codecs are supported for 360 streaming from uShare?, answer: MPEG-2, MPEG-4, WMV | question: What video formats are supported for UPnP streaming?, answer: WMV, MOV, TS
Muslim engineers in the Islamic world made a number of innovative industrial uses of hydropower, and early industrial uses of tidal power and wind power, fossil fuels such as petroleum, and early large factory complexes (tiraz in Arabic). The industrial uses of watermills in the Islamic world date back to the 7th century, while horizontal-wheeled and vertical-wheeled water mills were both in widespread use since at least the 9th century. A variety of industrial mills were being employed in the Islamic world, including early fulling mills, gristmills, hullers, sawmills, ship mills, stamp mills, steel mills, sugar mills, tide mills and windmills. By the 11th century, every province throughout the Islamic world had these industrial mills in operation, from al-Andalus and North Africa to the Middle East and Central Asia. Muslim engineers also invented crankshafts and water turbines, employed gears in mills and water-raising machines, and pioneered the use of dams as a source of water power, used to provide additional power to watermills and water-raising machines. Such advances made it possible for industrial tasks that were previously driven by manual labour in ancient times to be mechanized and driven by machinery instead in the medieval Islamic world. The transfer of these technologies to medieval Europe had an influence on the Industrial Revolution.

question: How early did people in the Muslim World start using watermills?, answer: 7th century | question: In what century had mills such as gristmills and sawmills dominate the Islamic world?, answer: 11th century | question: At what point was the use of watermills common in the Muslim World?, answer: 9th century | question: Who invented crankshafts?, answer: Muslim engineers | question: Who was the inventor of water turbines?, answer: Muslim engineers
Muslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structural, nervous and circulatory systems; or in the work of the Egyptian physician Ibn al-Nafis, who proposed the theory of pulmonary circulation. Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine remained an authoritative medical textbook in Europe until the 18th century. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (also known as Abulcasis) contributed to the discipline of medical surgery with his Kitab al-Tasrif ("Book of Concessions"), a medical encyclopedia which was later translated to Latin and used in European and Muslim medical schools for centuries. Other medical advancements came in the fields of pharmacology and pharmacy.

question: What work is Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas known for writing?, answer: Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) | question: In what century did Tashrih al-badan come into being?, answer: 15th century | question: Who theorized about pulmonary circulation?, answer: Ibn al-Nafis | question: Who wrote The Canon of Medicine?, answer: Avicenna | question: Who wrote Kitab al-Tasrif?, answer: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi
Muslim rule started in parts of north India in the 13th century when the Delhi Sultanate was founded in 1206 CE by the Central Asian Turks. The Delhi Sultanate ruled the major part of northern India in the early 14th century, but declined in the late 14th century when several powerful Hindu states such as the Vijayanagara Empire, Gajapati Kingdom, Ahom Kingdom, as well as Rajput dynasties and states, such as Mewar dynasty, emerged. The 15th century saw the emergence of Sikhism. In the 16th century, Mughals came from Central Asia and gradually covered most of India. The Mughal Empire suffered a gradual decline in the early 18th century, which provided opportunities for the Maratha Empire, Sikh Empire and Mysore Kingdom to exercise control over large areas of the subcontinent.

question: What group founded the Delhi Sultanate in the 13th century?, answer: Central Asian Turks | question: When did the Delhi Sultanate decline in its rule of northern India?, answer: late 14th century | question: What belief system began in the 15th century?, answer: Sikhism | question: What empire covered most of India in the 16th century?, answer: Mughal Empire | question: During what century did the Mughal empire decline?, answer: early 18th century
Muslim scientists contributed to advances in the sciences. They placed far greater emphasis on experiment than had the Greeks. This led to an early scientific method being developed in the Muslim world, where progress in methodology was made, beginning with the experiments of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) on optics from circa 1000, in his Book of Optics. The most important development of the scientific method was the use of experiments to distinguish between competing scientific theories set within a generally empirical orientation, which began among Muslim scientists. Ibn al-Haytham is also regarded as the father of optics, especially for his empirical proof of the intromission theory of light. Some have also described Ibn al-Haytham as the "first scientist." al-Khwarzimi's invented the log base systems that are being used today, he also contributed theorems in trigonometry as well as limits. Recent studies show that it is very likely that the Medieval Muslim artists were aware of advanced decagonal quasicrystal geometry (discovered half a millennium later in the 1970s and 1980s in the West) and used it in intricate decorative tilework in the architecture.

question: Ibn al-Haytham experimented with what around the year 1000?, answer: optics | question: Ibn al-Haytham wrote about his work around the year 1000, what was it?, answer: Book of Optics | question: Who is believed to have discovered decagonal quasicrystal geometry?, answer: Medieval Muslim artists | question: Regarding the intromission theory of light, who showed the first proof?, answer: Ibn al-Haytham | question: Which Muslim scientist worked on trigonometry?, answer: al-Khwarzimi
Muslim scientists placed far greater emphasis on experiment than had the Greeks. This led to an early scientific method being developed in the Muslim world, where significant progress in methodology was made, beginning with the experiments of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) on optics from c. 1000, in his Book of Optics. The law of refraction of light was known to the Persians. The most important development of the scientific method was the use of experiments to distinguish between competing scientific theories set within a generally empirical orientation, which began among Muslim scientists. Ibn al-Haytham is also regarded as the father of optics, especially for his empirical proof of the intromission theory of light. Some have also described Ibn al-Haytham as the "first scientist" for his development of the modern scientific method.

question: What method did Muslim scientists use more than the Greeks?, answer: experiment | question: What book did Ibn al-Haytham write?, answer: Book of Optics | question: What law did the Persians know of?, answer: The law of refraction of light | question: What was Ibn al-Haytham's nickname?, answer: the father of optics | question: What theory did Ibn al-Haytham have proof for?, answer: the intromission theory of light
Muslim sects regarded as heretical, such as the Druze, Ismailis, Alevis, and Alawites, ranked below Jews and Christians. In 1514, Sultan Selim I, nicknamed "the Grim" because of his cruelty, ordered the massacre of 40,000 Anatolian Alevis (Qizilbash), whom he considered heretics, reportedly proclaiming that "the killing of one Alevi had as much otherworldly reward as killing 70 Christians."[page needed] Selim was also responsible for an unprecedented and rapid expansion of the Ottoman Empire into the Middle East, especially through his conquest of the entire Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt, which included much of the region. With these conquests, Selim further solidified the Ottoman claim for being an Islamic caliphate, although Ottoman sultans had been claiming the title of caliph since the 14th century starting with Murad I (reigned 1362 to 1389). The caliphate would remain held by Ottoman sultans for the rest of the office's duration, which ended with its abolition on 3 March 1924 by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the exile of the last caliph, Abdülmecid II, to France.

question: The Muslim sect known as the Druze is considered what?, answer: heretical | question: What was Sultan Selim I's nickname?, answer: the Grim | question: In what year did Sultan Selim I order the massacre of 40,000 people whom he considered heretics?, answer: 1514 | question: What group did Sultan Selim I consider heretics and subsequently slaughter?, answer: Anatolian Alevis (Qizilbash) | question: Under Sultan Selim I the empire swallowed what sultanate in Egypt?, answer: Mamluk Sultanate
Muslims believe the Quran was verbally revealed by God to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel (Jibril), gradually over a period of approximately 23 years, beginning on 22 December 609 CE, when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as the most important miracle of Muhammad, a proof of his prophethood, and the culmination of a series of divine messages that started with the messages revealed to Adam and ended with Muhammad. The word "Quran" occurs some 70 times in the text of the Quran, although different names and words are also said to be references to the Quran.

question: Which angel is believed to have communicated the Quran to Muhammad?, answer: Gabriel | question: On which date did Muhammad begin receiving the Quran?, answer: 22 December 609 CE | question: In which year CE did Muhammad die?, answer: 632 | question: What is the Arabic variant of Gabriel?, answer: Jibril | question: How many times is the word "Quran" used in the Quran?, answer: 70
Muslims have been living in Tibet since as early as the 8th or 9th century. In Tibetan cities, there are small communities of Muslims, known as Kachee (Kache), who trace their origin to immigrants from three main regions: Kashmir (Kachee Yul in ancient Tibetan), Ladakh and the Central Asian Turkic countries. Islamic influence in Tibet also came from Persia. After 1959 a group of Tibetan Muslims made a case for Indian nationality based on their historic roots to Kashmir and the Indian government declared all Tibetan Muslims Indian citizens later on that year. Other Muslim ethnic groups who have long inhabited Tibet include Hui, Salar, Dongxiang and Bonan. There is also a well established Chinese Muslim community (gya kachee), which traces its ancestry back to the Hui ethnic group of China.

question: What are Tibetan Muslims known as?, answer: Kachee | question: Where did Islamic influence in Tibet come from?, answer: Persia | question: In what year were all Tibetan Muslims declared Indiana citizens?, answer: 1959 | question: What is the Chinese Muslim community called?, answer: gya kachee
Mutations or deletions of clock gene in mice have demonstrated the importance of body clocks to ensure the proper timing of cellular/metabolic events; clock-mutant mice are hyperphagic and obese, and have altered glucose metabolism. In mice, deletion of the Rev-ErbA alpha clock gene facilitates diet-induced obesity and changes the balance between glucose and lipid utilization predisposing to diabetes. However, it is not clear whether there is a strong association between clock gene polymorphisms in humans and the susceptibility to develop the metabolic syndrome.

question: What is the body clock gene in animals necessary to ensure?, answer: cellular/metabolic events | question: What do mice without the clock gene become?, answer: hyperphagic and obese | question: Beside obesity, how else does the lack of a circadian clock effect the mice?, answer: glucose metabolism | question: How certain is it that these circadian clock effects are the same in humans?, answer: not clear | question: What gene needs to be deleted to cause obesity in mice?, answer: Rev-ErbA alpha clock
Mutual exchange and sharing of resources (i.e., meat gained from hunting) are important in the economic systems of hunter-gatherer societies. Therefore, these societies can be described as based on a "gift economy."

question: What other characteristic of group behavior is needed in a hunter-gatherer society?, answer: sharing | question: What is the basis of a hunting an gathering economy?, answer: gift economy
Myanmar (myan-MAR i/miɑːnˈmɑːr/ mee-ahn-MAR, /miˈɛnmɑːr/ mee-EN-mar or /maɪˈænmɑːr/ my-AN-mar (also with the stress on first syllable); Burmese pronunciation: [mjəmà]),[nb 1] officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand. One-third of Myanmar's total perimeter of 1,930 km (1,200 miles) forms an uninterrupted coastline along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2014 census revealed a much lower population than expected, with 51 million people recorded. Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi) in size. Its capital city is Naypyidaw and its largest city is Yangon (Rangoon).

question: How much a Myanmar's boundaries are encompassed by beachfront lands?, answer: (1,200 miles) forms an uninterrupted coastline | question: How many people dwell in Myanmar ?, answer: 51 million people recorded | question: What is the land mass of Myanmar ?, answer: Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi) in size | question: Is the capital city the holder of the largest amount of the population in Myanmar ?, answer: largest city is Yangon (Rangoon) | question: What is the name of the capital city of Myanmar?, answer: capital city is Naypyidaw
Myanmar has received extensive military aid from China in the past Myanmar has been a member of ASEAN since 1997. Though it gave up its turn to hold the ASEAN chair and host the ASEAN Summit in 2006, it chaired the forum and hosted the summit in 2014. In November 2008, Myanmar's political situation with neighbouring Bangladesh became tense as they began searching for natural gas in a disputed block of the Bay of Bengal. Controversy surrounding the Rohingya population also remains an issue between Bangladesh and Myanmar.

question: What country has provided Burma with the most military aid ?, answer: Myanmar has received extensive military aid from China | question: How long has Burma participated in the group ASEAN ?, answer: Myanmar has been a member of ASEAN since 1997 | question: What year was Myanmar the host for the ASEAN conference?, answer: hosted the summit in 2014 | question: What event caused tension between Burma and Bangladesh in 2008 ?, answer: natural gas in a disputed block of the Bay of Bengal