lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Nasser's regional position changed unexpectedly when Yemeni officers led by Nasser supporter Abdullah al-Sallal overthrew Imam Badr of North Yemen on 27 September 1962. Al-Badr and his tribal partisans began receiving increasing support from Saudi Arabia to help reinstate the kingdom, while Nasser subsequently accepted a request by Sallal to militarily aid the new government on 30 September. Consequently, Egypt became increasingly embroiled in the drawn-out civil war until it withdrew its forces in 1967. Most of Nasser's old colleagues had questioned the wisdom of continuing the war, but Amer reassured Nasser of their coming victory. Nasser later remarked in 1968 that intervention in Yemen was a "miscalculation".

question: What country experienced a coup in 1962?, answer: North Yemen | question: What country agreed to help suppress the Yemeni rebellion?, answer: Saudi Arabia | question: Which side of the civil war did Nasser side with?, answer: the new government | question: In what year did Egypt leave Yemen's civil war?, answer: 1967 | question: How did Nasser characterize Egypt's involvement in Yemen's civil war?, answer: miscalculation
Nasser's return to Egypt coincided with Husni al-Za'im's Syrian coup d'état. Its success and evident popular support among the Syrian people encouraged Nasser's revolutionary pursuits. Soon after his return, he was summoned and interrogated by Prime Minister Ibrahim Abdel Hadi regarding suspicions that he was forming a secret group of dissenting officers. According to secondhand reports, Nasser convincingly denied the allegations. Abdel Hadi was also hesitant to take drastic measures against the army, especially in front of its chief of staff, who was present during the interrogation, and subsequently released Nasser. The interrogation pushed Nasser to speed up his group's activities.

question: What people had a coup around the time Nasser returned to Egypt?, answer: Syrian | question: Who questioned Nasser?, answer: Prime Minister Ibrahim Abdel | question: What was Nasser's reaction to the questions he was asked?, answer: convincingly denied the allegations | question: What did the interrogation provoke Nasser to do?, answer: speed up his group's activities
Nasser's street following was still too small to sustain his plans for reform and to secure him in office. To promote himself and the Liberation Rally, he gave speeches in a cross-country tour, and imposed controls over the country's press by decreeing that all publications had to be approved by the party to prevent "sedition". Both Umm Kulthum and Abdel Halim Hafez, the leading Arab singers of the era, performed songs praising Nasser's nationalism. Others produced plays denigrating his political opponents. According to his associates, Nasser orchestrated the campaign himself. Arab nationalist terms such "Arab homeland" and "Arab nation" frequently began appearing in his speeches in 1954–55, whereas prior he would refer to the Arab "peoples" or the "Arab region". In January 1955, the RCC appointed him as their president, pending national elections.

question: What was too small to keep Nasser in power?, answer: street following | question: What institution did Nasser closely control to prevent sedition?, answer: press | question: What phrases did Nasser use in many of his speeches?, answer: "Arab homeland" and "Arab nation" | question: Who were Umm Kulthum and Abdel Hafez?, answer: singers | question: In what year did the RCC appoint Nasser as president?, answer: 1955
Nathan Knorr was appointed as third president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society in 1942. Knorr commissioned a new translation of the Bible, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, the full version of which was released in 1961. He organized large international assemblies, instituted new training programs for members, and expanded missionary activity and branch offices throughout the world. Knorr's presidency was also marked by an increasing use of explicit instructions guiding Witnesses in their lifestyle and conduct, and a greater use of congregational judicial procedures to enforce a strict moral code.

question: Who was appointed as the third president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society in 1942?, answer: Nathan Knorr | question: What did Knorr commission?, answer: a new translation of the Bible | question: When was the full version of the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures released?, answer: in 1961 | question: What was Knorr's presidency marked by the increasing use of?, answer: explicit instructions guiding Witnesses | question: What was greater use of congregational judicial procedures used to enforce?, answer: a strict moral code
National Basketball Association teams play eight preseason games per year. Today, NBA teams almost always play each other in the preseason, but mainly at neutral sites within their market areas in order to allow those who can't usually make a trip to a home team's arena during the regular season to see a game close to home; for instance the Minnesota Timberwolves will play games in arenas in North Dakota and South Dakota, while the Phoenix Suns schedule one exhibition game outdoors at Indian Wells Tennis Garden in Indian Wells, California yearly, the only such instance an NBA game takes place in an outdoor venue.

question: How many preseason games do NBA teams play?, answer: eight | question: Where are the TImberwolves based?, answer: Minnesota | question: Where are the Suns based?, answer: Phoenix | question: The Suns' exhibition game in Indian Wells, CA is the only time an NBA game is played in what setting?, answer: an outdoor venue | question: What venue do the Suns play at in Indian Wells?, answer: Indian Wells Tennis Garden
National park and nature reserve is the area selected by governments or private organizations for special protection against damage or degradation with the objective of biodiversity and landscape conservation. National parks are usually owned and managed by national or state governments. A limit is placed on the number of visitors permitted to enter certain fragile areas. Designated trails or roads are created. The visitors are allowed to enter only for study, cultural and recreation purposes. Forestry operations, grazing of animals and hunting of animals are prohibited. Exploitation of habitat or wildlife is banned.

question: What types of parks receive special protection against damage or degradation?, answer: National park and nature reserve | question: Who selects National parks?, answer: governments or private organizations | question: What is the goal of protecting National Parks from damage?, answer: with the objective of biodiversity and landscape conservation | question: Who usually owns and manages National parks?, answer: national or state governments | question: What activities are prohibited in national parks?, answer: Forestry operations, grazing of animals and hunting of animals
Nationalists have conflicting views about the language(s). The nationalists among the Croats conflictingly claim either that they speak an entirely separate language from Serbs and Bosnians or that these two peoples have, due to the longer lexicographic tradition among Croats, somehow "borrowed" their standard languages from them.[citation needed] Bosniak nationalists claim that both Croats and Serbs have "appropriated" the Bosnian language, since Ljudevit Gaj and Vuk Karadžić preferred the Neoštokavian-Ijekavian dialect, widely spoken in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as the basis for language standardization, whereas the nationalists among the Serbs claim either that any divergence in the language is artificial, or claim that the Štokavian dialect is theirs and the Čakavian Croats'— in more extreme formulations Croats have "taken" or "stolen" their language from the Serbs.[citation needed]

question: What opinions do Croatian Nationalists have on the language issue?, answer: they speak an entirely separate language from Serbs and Bosnians | question: What opinions do Croatian Nationalists have on the language issue?, answer: they speak an entirely separate language from Serbs and Bosnians | question: Which language did Ljudevit Gaj and Vuk Karadzic prefer?, answer: Neoštokavian-Ijekavian | question: Where is the Neostokavian-Ijekavian language predominantely spoken?, answer: Bosnia and Herzegovina | question: How do Serbian nationalists feel about the Croatians using their language?, answer: Croats have "taken" or "stolen" their language
Native American music in North America is almost entirely monophonic, but there are notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming. Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps were also popular percussive instruments. Flutes were made of rivercane, cedar, and other woods. The tuning of these flutes is not precise and depends on the length of the wood used and the hand span of the intended player, but the finger holes are most often around a whole step apart and, at least in Northern California, a flute was not used if it turned out to have an interval close to a half step. The Apache fiddle is a single stringed instrument.

question: What characteristic did the majority of Native American music have?, answer: monophonic | question: What did traditional Native American music center around?, answer: drumming | question: What are examples of popular percussive instruments of Native Americans?, answer: Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps | question: How were flutes constructed by the Native Americans?, answer: rivercane, cedar, and other woods | question: How many strings did the Apache fiddle have?, answer: single
Native Americans in the United States make up 0.97% to 2% of the population. In the 2010 census, 2.9 million people self-identified as Native American, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native alone, and 5.2 million people identified as U.S. Native Americans, either alone or in combination with one or more ethnicity or other races. 1.8 million are recognized as enrolled tribal members.[citation needed] Tribes have established their own criteria for membership, which are often based on blood quantum, lineal descent, or residency. A minority of US Native Americans live in land units called Indian reservations. Some California and Southwestern tribes, such as the Kumeyaay, Cocopa, Pascua Yaqui and Apache span both sides of the US–Mexican border. Haudenosaunee people have the legal right to freely cross the US–Canadian border. Athabascan, Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, Iñupiat, Blackfeet, Nakota, Cree, Anishinaabe, Huron, Lenape, Mi'kmaq, Penobscot, and Haudenosaunee, among others live in both Canada and the US.

question: What amoun of the United States population is compromised of Native Americans?, answer: 0.97% to 2% | question: How many people identified as Native American in the 2010 census?, answer: 5.2 million | question: How many of the self-identified Native Americans are recognized as enrolled tribal members?, answer: 1.8 million | question: Where do a minority of US Native Americans live?, answer: Indian reservations | question: What tribe has the legal right to freely cross the US-Canadian border?, answer: Haudenosaunee | question: What amoun of the United States population is compromised of Native Americans?, answer: 0.97% to 2% | question: How many of the self-identified Native Americans are recognized as enrolled tribal members?, answer: 1.8 million | question: How many people identified as Native American in the 2010 census?, answer: 5.2 million | question: What tribe has the legal right to freely cross the US-Canadian border?, answer: Haudenosaunee | question: Where do a minority of US Native Americans live?, answer: Indian reservations
Native Sumerian rule re-emerged for about a century in the Neo-Sumerian Empire or Third Dynasty of Ur (Sumerian Renaissance) approximately 2100-2000 BC, but the Akkadian language also remained in use. The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is considered to have been the world's first city, where three separate cultures may have fused — that of peasant Ubaidian farmers, living in mud-brick huts and practicing irrigation; that of mobile nomadic Semitic pastoralists living in black tents and following herds of sheep and goats; and that of fisher folk, living in reed huts in the marshlands, who may have been the ancestors of the Sumerians.

question: How long was there native Sumerian rule during the Third Dynasty of Ur?, answer: about a century | question: When was the Third Dynasty of Ur?, answer: approximately 2100-2000 BC | question: What language was in use in the Neo-Sumerian Empire?, answer: Akkadian | question: What is considered to be the world's first city?, answer: Eridu | question: How many cultures may have fused together in Eridu?, answer: three
Natives of North America began practicing farming approximately 4,000 years ago, late in the Archaic period of North American cultures. Technology had advanced to the point that pottery was becoming common and the small-scale felling of trees had become feasible. Concurrently, the Archaic Indians began using fire in a controlled manner. Intentional burning of vegetation was used to mimic the effects of natural fires that tended to clear forest understories. It made travel easier and facilitated the growth of herbs and berry-producing plants, which were important for both food and medicines.

question: When did the North American natives begin farming?, answer: approximately 4,000 years ago | question: What had pottery become 4,000 years ago in the Americas?, answer: common | question: What did technology make feasible when it came to trees?, answer: small-scale felling | question: How did Archaic Indians use fire?, answer: a controlled manner | question: What was the intentional burning of vegetation intended to mimic?, answer: effects of natural fires
Natural phonology is a theory based on the publications of its proponent David Stampe in 1969 and (more explicitly) in 1979. In this view, phonology is based on a set of universal phonological processes that interact with one another; which ones are active and which are suppressed is language-specific. Rather than acting on segments, phonological processes act on distinctive features within prosodic groups. Prosodic groups can be as small as a part of a syllable or as large as an entire utterance. Phonological processes are unordered with respect to each other and apply simultaneously (though the output of one process may be the input to another). The second most prominent natural phonologist is Patricia Donegan (Stampe's wife); there are many natural phonologists in Europe, and a few in the U.S., such as Geoffrey Nathan. The principles of natural phonology were extended to morphology by Wolfgang U. Dressler, who founded natural morphology.

question: Whose publications started the theory of Natural phonology?, answer: David Stampe | question: According to Stampe what is phonology based on?, answer: a set of universal phonological processes | question: Aside from being active what other condition can the universal phonological processes exist in?, answer: suppressed | question: Who is the number two natural phonologist?, answer: Patricia Donegan | question: Who was the founder of natural morphology?, answer: Wolfgang U. Dressler
Natural theology was not a unified doctrine, and while some such as Louis Agassiz were strongly opposed to the ideas in the book, others sought a reconciliation in which evolution was seen as purposeful. In the Church of England, some liberal clergymen interpreted natural selection as an instrument of God's design, with the cleric Charles Kingsley seeing it as "just as noble a conception of Deity". In the second edition of January 1860, Darwin quoted Kingsley as "a celebrated cleric", and added the phrase "by the Creator" to the closing sentence, which from then on read "life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one". While some commentators have taken this as a concession to religion that Darwin later regretted, Darwin's view at the time was of God creating life through the laws of nature, and even in the first edition there are several references to "creation".

question: What view did Louis Agassiz have of On the Origin of Species?, answer: strongly opposed to the ideas in the book | question: What view did some clergymen in the Church of England take of the theory of natural selection?, answer: interpreted natural selection as an instrument of God's design | question: What did Darwin do to show that he admired the cleric Charles Kingsley?, answer: Darwin quoted Kingsley as "a celebrated cleric", and added the phrase "by the Creator" to the closing sentence, | question: What did some commentators think about Darwin changing the phrasing in his book?, answer: some commentators have taken this as a concession to religion that Darwin later regretted | question: What were Darwin's views on the part of God in his theory?, answer: Darwin's view at the time was of God creating life through the laws of nature
Natural uranium consists of three major isotopes: uranium-238 (99.28% natural abundance), uranium-235 (0.71%), and uranium-234 (0.0054%). All three are radioactive, emitting alpha particles, with the exception that all three of these isotopes have small probabilities of undergoing spontaneous fission, rather than alpha emission. There are also five other trace isotopes: uranium-239, which is formed when 238U undergoes spontaneous fission, releasing neutrons that are captured by another 238U atom; uranium-237, which is formed when 238U captures a neutron but emits two more, which then decays to neptunium-237; uranium-233, which is formed in the decay chain of that neptunium-237; and finally, uranium-236 and -240, which appear in the decay chain of primordial plutonium-244. It is also expected that thorium-232 should be able to undergo double beta decay, which would produce uranium-232, but this has not yet been observed experimentally.

question: What is the least prevalent major isotope of natural uranium?, answer: uranium-234 | question: What is the natural abundance of uranium-235?, answer: 0.71% | question: What isotope of uranium is formed when 238U experiences spontaneous fission?, answer: uranium-239 | question: When uranium isotope is formed from the decay of neptunium-237?, answer: uranium-233 | question: What isotope is it theorized will form uranium-2343 after double beta decay?, answer: thorium-232
Naturally occurring crude asphalt/bitumen impregnated in sedimentary rock is the prime feed stock for petroleum production from "Oil sands", currently under development in Alberta, Canada. Canada has most of the world's supply of natural asphalt/bitumen, covering 140,000 square kilometres (an area larger than England), giving it the second-largest proven oil reserves in the world. The Athabasca oil sands is the largest asphalt/bitumen deposit in Canada and the only one accessible to surface mining, although recent technological breakthroughs have resulted in deeper deposits becoming producible by in situ methods. Because of oil price increases after 2003, producing bitumen became highly profitable, but as a result of the decline after 2014 it became uneconomic to build new plants again. By 2014, Canadian crude asphalt/bitumen production averaged about 2.3 million barrels (370,000 m3) per day and was projected to rise to 4.4 million barrels (700,000 m3) per day by 2020. The total amount of crude asphalt/bitumen in Alberta which could be extracted is estimated to be about 310 billion barrels (50×10^9 m3), which at a rate of 4,400,000 barrels per day (700,000 m3/d) would last about 200 years.

question: Where is naturally occurring bitumen in rock being developed as a feed stock for petroleum production?, answer: Alberta, Canada | question: How much area does Canada's natural bitumen cover?, answer: 140,000 square kilometres | question: Where does Canada rank in world's oil supplies?, answer: second-largest | question: What is Canada's only surface bitumen mine?, answer: Athabasca oil sands | question: What is the amount of bitumen that can be extracted in Alberta?, answer: 310 billion barrels
Naturally occurring glass, especially the volcanic glass obsidian, has been used by many Stone Age societies across the globe for the production of sharp cutting tools and, due to its limited source areas, was extensively traded. But in general, archaeological evidence suggests that the first true glass was made in coastal north Syria, Mesopotamia or ancient Egypt. The earliest known glass objects, of the mid third millennium BCE, were beads, perhaps initially created as accidental by-products of metal-working (slags) or during the production of faience, a pre-glass vitreous material made by a process similar to glazing.

question: What kind of glass exists in nature?, answer: obsidian | question: Obsidian is what type of glass?, answer: volcanic | question: What was obsidian used to make in prehistoric times?, answer: cutting tools | question: When are the oldest beads thought to have been made?, answer: mid third millennium BCE | question: What glass-like material is made with a method related to glazing?, answer: faience
Navigation is based on a variety of senses. Many birds have been shown to use a sun compass. Using the sun for direction involves the need for making compensation based on the time. Navigation has also been shown to be based on a combination of other abilities including the ability to detect magnetic fields (magnetoception), use visual landmarks as well as olfactory cues.

question: What is navigation based on?, answer: a variety of senses | question: What do many birds use as a compass?, answer: sun | question: What does using the sun for direction involve?, answer: the need for making compensation based on the time | question: What else is navigation based on?, answer: use visual landmarks | question: What is magnetoception?, answer: the ability to detect magnetic fields
Nazi Germany terminated the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact at 03:15 on 22 June 1941 by launching a massive attack on the Soviet positions in eastern Poland which marked the beginning of the invasion of the Soviet Union known as Operation Barbarossa. Stalin had ignored several warnings that Germany was likely to invade, and ordered no 'full-scale' mobilization of forces although the mobilization was ongoing. After the launch of the invasion, the territories gained by the Soviet Union as a result of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact were lost in a matter of weeks. Within six months, the Soviet military had suffered 4.3 million casualties, and Germany had captured three million Soviet prisoners. The lucrative export of Soviet raw materials to Nazi Germany over the course of the Nazi–Soviet economic relations (1934–41) continued uninterrupted until the outbreak of hostilities. The Soviet exports in several key areas enabled Germany to maintain its stocks of rubber and grain from the first day of the invasion until October 1941.

question: Where did the German attack on Soviet forces occur?, answer: Soviet positions in eastern Poland | question: How many Soviet military members died within the first six months of the war between the two countries?, answer: 4.3 million casualties | question: How many Soviet prisoners did german take within the first six months of war between the two countries?, answer: three million Soviet prisoners | question: How long did it take to capture regions of the world that were once occupied by soviets once the initial attack occurred?, answer: matter of weeks
Near East (French: Proche-Orient) is a geographical term that roughly encompasses Western Asia. Despite having varying definitions within different academic circles, the term was originally applied to the maximum extent of the Ottoman Empire. The term has fallen into disuse in English, and has been replaced by the term Middle East.

question: What is a geographical term that roughly encompasses Western Asia?, answer: Near East (French: Proche-Orient) | question: The term near east was originally applies to the maximum extent of what empire?, answer: Ottoman Empire | question: The term Near East has fallen into disuses in what language?, answer: English | question: What has replaced the term Near East?, answer: Middle East