lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Honors and tributes flowed to Bell in increasing numbers as his most famous invention became ubiquitous and his personal fame grew. Bell received numerous honorary degrees from colleges and universities, to the point that the requests almost became burdensome. During his life he also received dozens of major awards, medals and other tributes. These included statuary monuments to both him and the new form of communication his telephone created, notably the Bell Telephone Memorial erected in his honor in Alexander Graham Bell Gardens in Brantford, Ontario, in 1917.

question: What did Bell receive from many centers of post-secondary education?, answer: honorary degrees | question: What is the most famous statue built for Bell and his creation?, answer: Bell Telephone Memorial | question: When was the Bell Telephone Memorial constructed?, answer: 1917 | question: In what city was the Bell Telephone Memorial constructed?, answer: Brantford | question: In which gardens was the Bell Telephone Memorial constructed?, answer: Alexander Graham Bell Gardens
Hoover began using wiretapping in the 1920s during Prohibition to arrest bootleggers. In the 1927 case Olmstead v. United States, in which a bootlegger was caught through telephone tapping, the United States Supreme Court ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment as unlawful search and seizure, as long as the FBI did not break into a person's home to complete the tapping. After Prohibition's repeal, Congress passed the Communications Act of 1934, which outlawed non-consensual phone tapping, but allowed bugging. In the 1939 case Nardone v. United States, the court ruled that due to the 1934 law, evidence the FBI obtained by phone tapping was inadmissible in court. After the 1967 case Katz v. United States overturned the 1927 case that had allowed bugging, Congress passed the Omnibus Crime Control Act, allowing public authorities to tap telephones during investigations as long as they obtain a warrant beforehand.

question: What tool did Hoover use to find bootleggers?, answer: wiretapping | question: In what supreme court case was it ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment?, answer: Olmstead v. United States | question: What Act did Congress pass to outlaw non-consensual phone tapping?, answer: Communications Act of 1934 | question: In what case was it ruled that evidence obtained by the FBI via wiretapping was inadmissible in court?, answer: Nardone v. United States | question: What is now necessary to tap someone's telephone?, answer: a warrant | question: Which president was the first to use wiretaps to find bootleggers?, answer: Hoover | question: What case centered around a bootlegger caught through phone tapping?, answer: Olmstead v. United States | question: What did Congress pass to outlaw phone tapping?, answer: Communications Act of 1934 | question: What is now required to wire tap a citizen?, answer: a warrant | question: Is a warrant required before or after a wiretap?, answer: beforehand
Hoping to extend the Continental System, Napoleon invaded Iberia and declared his brother Joseph the King of Spain in 1808. The Spanish and the Portuguese revolted with British support. The Peninsular War lasted six years, noted for its brutal guerrilla warfare, and culminated in an Allied victory. Fighting also erupted in Central Europe, as the Austrians launched another attack against the French in 1809. Napoleon defeated them at the Battle of Wagram, dissolving the Fifth Coalition formed against France. By 1811, Napoleon ruled over 70 million people across an empire that had domination in Europe, which had not witnessed this level of political consolidation since the days of the Roman Empire. He maintained his strategic status through a series of alliances and family appointments. He created a new aristocracy in France while allowing the return of nobles who had been forced into exile by the Revolution.

question: What country did Napoleon invade to extend the Continental System?, answer: Iberia | question: How long did the Peninsular War last?, answer: six years | question: With what victory did Napoleon dissolve the Fifth Coalition against France?, answer: Battle of Wagram | question: How many people did Napoleon rule by 1811?, answer: over 70 million | question: When, before Napoleon, had Europe last seen the same level of political consolidation?, answer: the Roman Empire | question: What region did Napoleon invade in an effort to extend the Continental System?, answer: Iberia | question: Who did Napoleon declare King of Spain in 1808?, answer: his brother Joseph | question: How long did the Peninsular War last?, answer: six years | question: Napoleon's victory at which battle resulted in the destruction of the Fifth Coalition?, answer: the Battle of Wagram | question: By 1811, what was the population of Napoleon's Empire?, answer: over 70 million people
Hopkins School, a private school, was founded in 1660 and is the fifth-oldest educational institution in the United States. New Haven is home to a number of other private schools as well as public magnet schools, including Metropolitan Business Academy, High School in the Community, Hill Regional Career High School, Co-op High School, New Haven Academy, ACES Educational Center for the Arts, the Foote School and the Sound School, all of which draw students from New Haven and suburban towns. New Haven is also home to two Achievement First charter schools, Amistad Academy and Elm City College Prep, and to Common Ground, an environmental charter school.

question: What private school, with the notable distinction of being the fifth-oldest educational institution in the U.S., was founded in New Haven?, answer: Hopkins School | question: In what year was Hopkins School founded in New Haven?, answer: 1660 | question: What is the name of the environmental charter school located in New Haven?, answer: Common Ground | question: What are the names of the two Achievement First charter schools located in New Haven?, answer: Amistad Academy and Elm City College Prep | question: What magnet school in New Haven is centered around arts education?, answer: ACES Educational Center for the Arts | question: As one of the oldest school which was founded in 1660, what is it's name?, answer: Hopkins School | question: In terms of schools how old is it historically compare to others?, answer: fifth-oldest | question: How many charters schools are available in New Haven?, answer: two
Hopkins' column also drew criticism on Twitter, including from Russell Brand, to whom Hopkins responded by accusing Brand's "champagne socialist humanity" of neglecting taxpayers. Simon Usborne, writing in The Independent, compared her use of the word "cockroach" to previous uses by the Nazis and just before the Rwandan Genocide by its perpetrators. He suspected that if any other contributor had written the piece it would not have been published and questioned her continued employment by the newspaper. Zoe Williams commented in The Guardian: "It is no joke when people start talking like this. We are not 'giving her what she wants' when we make manifest our disgust. It is not a free speech issue. I’m not saying gag her: I’m saying fight her".

question: On Twitter what famous person condemned Hopkins' remarks?, answer: Russell Brand | question: Who wrote critically in The Independent about Hopkins?, answer: Simon Usborne | question: With whom did Usborne draw parallels to Hopkins as a result of Hopkins' comments?, answer: previous uses by the Nazis and just before the Rwandan Genocide by its perpetrators | question: Which writer in The Guardian was critical of Hopkins?, answer: Zoe Williams | question: What did Williams say should be done about Hopkins?, answer: I’m not saying gag her: I’m saying fight her
Hops contain several characteristics that brewers desire in beer. Hops contribute a bitterness that balances the sweetness of the malt; the bitterness of beers is measured on the International Bitterness Units scale. Hops contribute floral, citrus, and herbal aromas and flavours to beer. Hops have an antibiotic effect that favours the activity of brewer's yeast over less desirable microorganisms and aids in "head retention", the length of time that a foamy head created by carbonation will last. The acidity of hops is a preservative.

question: What is the main cause for the bitterness in beer?, answer: Hops | question: What is the main goals for the sweetness of beer?, answer: malt | question: How is the bitterness in most beers generally measured?, answer: the International Bitterness Units scale | question: The acidity of what ingredient acts as a preservative in beer?, answer: hops | question: What do you call the length of time that foam is on top of beer because of carbonation?, answer: head retention
Horizontal gene transfer refers to the transfer of genetic material through a mechanism other than reproduction. This mechanism is a common source of new genes in prokaryotes, sometimes thought to contribute more to genetic variation than gene duplication. It is a common means of spreading antibiotic resistance, virulence, and adaptive metabolic functions. Although horizontal gene transfer is rare in eukaryotes, likely examples have been identified of protist and alga genomes containing genes of bacterial origin.

question: What is the transfer of genetic material through a mechanism other than reproduction known as?, answer: Horizontal gene transfer | question: In what type of organism is horizontal gene transfer a common source of new genes?, answer: prokaryotes | question: What is one trait that horizontal gene transfer is a common means of spreading?, answer: antibiotic resistance | question: In what type of organism is horizontal gene transfer rare?, answer: eukaryotes | question: What is one example of horizontal gene transfer in eukaryotes?, answer: alga genomes containing genes of bacterial origin
Hospital Maciel is one of the oldest hospitals in Uruguay and stands on the block bounded by the streets Maciel, 25 de Mayo, Guaraní and Washington, with the main entrance at 25 de Mayo, 172. The land was originally donated in Spanish colonial times by philanthropist Francisco Antonio Maciel, who teamed up with Mateo Vidal to establish a hospital and charity. The first building was constructed between 1781 and 1788 and later expanded upon. The present building stems from the 1825 plans of José Toribio (son of Tomás Toribio) and later Bernardo Poncini (wing on the Guaraní street, 1859), Eduardo Canstatt (corner of Guaraní and 25 de Mayo) and Julián Masquelez (1889). The hospital has a chapel built in Greek style by Miguel Estévez in 1798.

question: What is one of the oldest hospitals in Uruguay?, answer: Hospital Maciel | question: Who originally donated the land for Hospital Macie?, answer: Francisco Antonio Maciel | question: When was the first building of the Hospital Maciel established?, answer: between 1781 and 1788
Hospital Vilardebó is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo. Named after the physician and naturalist Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche, it opened 21 May 1880. The hospital was originally one of the best of Latin America and in 1915 grew to 1,500 inpatients. Today the hospital is very deteriorated, with broken walls and floors, lack of medicines, beds, and rooms for the personnel. It has an emergency service, outpatient, clinic and inpatient rooms and employs approximately 610 staff, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, administrators, guards, among others. The average patient age is 30 years; more than half of the patients arrive by court order; 42% suffer from schizophrenia, 18% from depression and mania, and there are also a high percentage of drug addicted patients.

question: What is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo?, answer: Hospital Vilardebó | question: Who is Hospital Vilardebo named after?, answer: Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche | question: When did the Hospital Vilardebo open?, answer: 21 May 1880 | question: How many inpatients did the the Hospital Vilardebo have in 1915?, answer: 1,500 inpatients
Hospitals in Liberia include the John F. Kennedy Medical Center in Monrovia and several others. Life expectancy in Liberia is estimated to be 57.4 years in 2012. With a fertility rate of 5.9 births per woman, the maternal mortality rate stood at 990 per 100,000 births in 2010. A number of highly communicable diseases are widespread, including tuberculosis, diarrheal diseases and malaria. In 2007, the HIV infection rates stood at 2% of the population aged 15–49 whereas the incidence of tuberculosis was 420 per 100,000 people in 2008. Approximately 58.2% – 66% of women are estimated to have undergone female genital mutilation.

question: What is the name of the hospital in Monrova?, answer: John F. Kennedy Medical Center | question: What is the life expectancy in Liberia?, answer: 57.4 years | question: What was the fertility rate of women in 2012?, answer: 5.9 births per woman | question: What was the maternal mortality rate in 2010?, answer: 990 per 100,000 births | question: What were the HIV infection rates in 2007?, answer: 2%
Hot adult contemporary radio stations play a variety of classic hits and contemporary mainstream music aimed at an adult audience. Some Hot AC stations concentrate slightly more on pop music and alternative rock to target the Generation Z audience, though they include the more youth-oriented teen pop, urban and rhythmic dance tracks.

question: Along with classic hits, what type of music do hot adult contemporary stations feature?, answer: contemporary mainstream music | question: What is the primary audience of hot adult contemporary format stations?, answer: adult | question: What demographic do hot AC stations featuring more pop and alternative rock focus on?, answer: Generation Z | question: Along with urban and rhythmic dance tracks, what genre is featured on hot AC stations with a younger audience?, answer: teen pop
House also had an influence of relaying political messages to people who were considered to be outcasts of society. The music appealed to those who didn't fit into mainstream American society and was especially celebrated by many black males. Frankie Knuckles once said that the Warehouse club in Chicago was like "church for people who have fallen from grace" The house producer Marshall Jefferson compared it to "old-time religion in the way that people just get happy and screamin'". Deep house was similar to many of the messages of freedom for the black community.

question: Who did House relay political messages to?, answer: outcasts of society | question: Who did Frankie Knuckles once say the Warehouse club was for?, answer: church for people who have fallen from grace | question: Who was a famous house producer?, answer: Marshall Jefferson | question: where was the warehouse club located?, answer: Chicago | question: what community was deep house popular with?, answer: the black community
House minority leaders also hold joint news conferences and consult with their counterparts in the Senate—and with the president if their party controls the White House. The overall objectives are to develop a coordinated communications strategy, to share ideas and information, and to present a united front on issues. Minority leaders also make floor speeches and close debate on major issues before the House; they deliver addresses in diverse forums across the country; and they write books or articles that highlight minority party goals and achievements. They must also be prepared "to debate on the floor, ad lib, no notes, on a moment's notice," remarked Minority Leader Michel. In brief, minority leaders are key strategists in developing and promoting the party's agenda and in outlining ways to neutralize the opposition's arguments and proposals.

question: With whom does minority leader consult and participate in news conference?, answer: counterparts in the Senate—and with the president if their party controls the White House | question: What is the overall party strategy for minority leader?, answer: develop a coordinated communications strategy, to share ideas and information, and to present a united front on issues | question: What speaking obligations does minority leader have?, answer: floor speeches and close debate on major issues before the House; they deliver addresses in diverse forums across the country | question: What are the purpose of minority leader writings?, answer: write books or articles that highlight minority party goals and achievements
House music is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in Chicago in the early 1980s. It was initially popularized in Chicago, circa 1984. House music quickly spread to other American cities such as Detroit, New York City, and Newark – all of which developed their own regional scenes. In the mid-to-late 1980s, house music became popular in Europe as well as major cities in South America, and Australia. Early house music commercial success in Europe saw songs such as "Pump Up The Volume" by MARRS (1987), "House Nation" by House Master Boyz and the Rude Boy of House (1987), "Theme from S'Express" by S'Express (1988) and "Doctorin' the House" by Coldcut (1988) in the pop charts. Since the early to mid-1990s, house music has been infused in mainstream pop and dance music worldwide.

question: What city did House music originate from?, answer: Chicago | question: What decade did House music first develop?, answer: 1980s | question: What year was House music first popularized?, answer: 1984 | question: What genre does House music fall into?, answer: electronic dance music | question: What song by MARRS was an early House hit in 1987?, answer: "Pump Up The Volume"
Household survey results suggest the percentage of households spending less than £20 per week on a per capita basis fell from 27% to 8% between 2000 and 2004, implying a decline in income poverty. Nevertheless, 22% of the population claimed social security benefit in 2006/7, most of them aged over 60, a sector that represents 20% of the population.

question: What % of households were spending less than £20 per week in 2004, answer: 8% | question: What % of the population claimed social security benefits in 2006/7?, answer: 22 | question: How much of the population is over age 60?, answer: 20%
Housekeeping genes are critical for carrying out basic cell functions and so are expressed at a relatively constant level (constitutively). Since their expression is constant, housekeeping genes are used as experimental controls when analysing gene expression. Not all essential genes are housekeeping genes since some essential genes are developmentally regulated or expressed at certain times during the organism's life cycle.

question: What type of genes are necessary for performing basic cell functions?, answer: Housekeeping genes | question: At what relative level are housekeeping genes expressed at?, answer: constant | question: When investigating gene expression, what type of genes are used as a control for experiments?, answer: housekeeping genes | question: How are some essential genes regulated?, answer: developmentally | question: When are some essential genes expressed?, answer: at certain times during the organism's life cycle
Houston (i/ˈhjuːstən/ HYOO-stən) is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth most populous city in the United States, located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million people, within a land area of 599.6 square miles (1,553 km2), it also is the largest city in the Southern United States, as well as the seat of Harris County. It is the principal city of Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land, which is the fifth most populated metropolitan area in the United States.

question: Where is Houston located?, answer: in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico | question: Where is Houston ranked among the most populous cities in the US?, answer: fourth | question: What was the population of Houston in 2014?, answer: 2.239 million people | question: What is the fifth most populated metropolitan area in the US?, answer: Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land | question: What is Houston the principle city of?, answer: Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land | question: What is the most populous city in Texas?, answer: Houston | question: How does Houston rank as to population in the U.S.?, answer: fourth | question: According to the 2014 census, how many people live in Houston?, answer: 2.239 million | question: Houston is located in which Texas county?, answer: Harris County | question: What is the land are of the City of Houston?, answer: 599.6 square miles
Houston has mild winters in contrast to most areas of the United States. In January, the normal mean temperature at Intercontinental Airport is 53.1 °F (11.7 °C), while that station has an average of 13 days with a low at or below freezing. Snowfall is rare. Recent snow events in Houston include a storm on December 24, 2004 when one inch (2.5 cm) of snow accumulated in parts of the metro area. Falls of at least one inch on both December 10, 2008 and December 4, 2009 marked the first time measurable snowfall had occurred in two consecutive years in the city's recorded history. The coldest temperature officially recorded in Houston was 5 °F (−15 °C) on January 18, 1940. Houston has historically received an ample amount of rainfall, averaging about 49.8 in (1,260 mm) annually per 1981–2010 normals. Localized flooding often occurs, owing to the extremely flat topography and widespread typical clay-silt prairie soils, which do not drain quickly.

question: What kind of winter weather does Houston have?, answer: mild winters | question: What is the usual mean temperature in Houston?, answer: 53.1 °F | question: What type of weather is a rarity in Houston?, answer: Snowfall | question: When was the coldest reported temperature in Houston?, answer: January 18, 1940 | question: How much rain does Houston usually get per year?, answer: 49.8 in
Houston has sports teams for every major professional league except the National Hockey League (NHL). The Houston Astros are a Major League Baseball (MLB) expansion team formed in 1962 (known as the "Colt .45s" until 1965) that made one World Series appearance in 2005. The Houston Rockets are a National Basketball Association (NBA) franchise based in the city since 1971. They have won two NBA Championships: in 1994 and 1995 under star players Hakeem Olajuwon, Otis Thorpe, Clyde Drexler, Vernon Maxwell, and Kenny Smith. The Houston Texans are a National Football League (NFL) expansion team formed in 2002. The Houston Dynamo are a Major League Soccer (MLS) franchise that has been based in Houston since 2006 after they won two MLS Cup titles in 2006 and 2007. The Houston Dash play in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). The Scrap Yard Dawgs, a women's pro softball team, is expected to play in the National Pro Fastpitch (NPF) from 2016.

question: For which sports team category does Houston not have a team ?, answer: National Hockey League | question: Since what year have the Houston Rockets been a Houston team?, answer: 1971 | question: When were the Houston Astros formed?, answer: 1962 | question: Until 1965 what were the Houston Astros called?, answer: Colt .45s | question: When were the Houston Astros in the World Series?, answer: 2005