lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
While some commentators have called for the relocation of Tuvalu's population to Australia, New Zealand or Kioa in Fiji, in 2006 Maatia Toafa (Prime Minister from 2004–2006) said his government did not regard rising sea levels as such a threat that the entire population would need to be evacuated. In 2013 Enele Sopoaga, the prime minister of Tuvalu, said that relocating Tuvaluans to avoid the impact of sea level rise "should never be an option because it is self defeating in itself. For Tuvalu I think we really need to mobilise public opinion in the Pacific as well as in the [rest of] world to really talk to their lawmakers to please have some sort of moral obligation and things like that to do the right thing."

question: What do some people want to do with the people of Tuvalu?, answer: relocation | question: What did the Tuvalu Prime Minster say was not enough of an immediate threat to cause evacuation of the population?, answer: rising sea levels | question: When did Prime Minster Maatia Toafa make his comments about not evacuating Tuvalu?, answer: 2006 | question: What did Enele Sopoaga think evacuation of the people should be?, answer: never be an option
While some teams have enjoyed considerable on-field and even financial success, many teams in the history of the league have enjoyed little success either on or off of the field of play. There are a number of franchises which existed in the form of a number of largely-unrelated teams under numerous management groups until they folded (an example is the New York CityHawks whose owners transferred the team from New York to Hartford to become the New England Sea Wolves after two seasons, then after another two seasons were sold and became the Toronto Phantoms, who lasted another two seasons until folding). There are a number of reasons why these teams failed, including financially weak ownership groups, lack of deep financial support from some owners otherwise capable of providing it, lack of media exposure, and the host city's evident lack of interest in its team or the sport as a whole.

question: What team did the New York CityHawks become after moving to Hartford?, answer: New England Sea Wolves | question: What city did the Sea Wolves move to?, answer: Toronto | question: How many seasons were the CityHawks in New York?, answer: two | question: How long did the Sea Wolves stay in Hartford?, answer: two seasons | question: How many seasons did the Toronto Phantoms last?, answer: two
While some, like Spencer, used analogy from natural selection as an argument against government intervention in the economy to benefit the poor, others, including Alfred Russel Wallace, argued that action was needed to correct social and economic inequities to level the playing field before natural selection could improve humanity further. Some political commentaries, including Walter Bagehot's Physics and Politics (1872), attempted to extend the idea of natural selection to competition between nations and between human races. Such ideas were incorporated into what was already an ongoing effort by some working in anthropology to provide scientific evidence for the superiority of Caucasians over non white races and justify European imperialism. Historians write that most such political and economic commentators had only a superficial understanding of Darwin's scientific theory, and were as strongly influenced by other concepts about social progress and evolution, such as the Lamarckian ideas of Spencer and Haeckel, as they were by Darwin's work. Darwin objected to his ideas being used to justify military aggression and unethical business practices as he believed morality was part of fitness in humans, and he opposed polygenism, the idea that human races were fundamentally distinct and did not share a recent common ancestry.

question: Who believed that action needed to be taken to level out the social and economic playing field before natural selection could occur to improve humanity?, answer: Alfred Russel Wallace | question: Which political commentary attempted to widen the idea of natural selection to include competition between different races of people and countries?, answer: Walter Bagehot's Physics and Politics (1872) | question: Why were some political commentaries attempting to attach natural selection to human races?, answer: to provide scientific evidence for the superiority of Caucasians over non white races and justify European imperialism | question: What uses of his ideology did Darwin object to being used?, answer: to justify military aggression and unethical business practices | question: What theory about humanity did Darwin oppose?, answer: he opposed polygenism, the idea that human races were fundamentally distinct and did not share a recent common ancestry.
While still a student, he was offered a small unpaid intern job at Universal Studios with the editing department. He was later given the opportunity to make a short film for theatrical release, the 26-minute, 35mm, Amblin', which he wrote and directed. Studio vice president Sidney Sheinberg was impressed by the film, which had won a number of awards, and offered Spielberg a seven-year directing contract. It made him the youngest director ever to be signed for a long-term deal with a major Hollywood studio.:548 He subsequently dropped out of college to begin professionally directing TV productions with Universal.

question: What job was SPielberg offered when he was a student?, answer: Universal Studios | question: Who offered Spielberg a contract at Universal Studios?, answer: Sidney Sheinberg | question: What short film did Spielberg make for theatrical release?, answer: Amblin | question: What did Steven Spielberg do to begin directing TV prouctions for Universal?, answer: dropped out of college | question: How did Sidney Sheinberg feel about the film "Amblin'", answer: impressed | question: What studio gave Spielberg an unpaid internship?, answer: Universal Studios | question: What department did Spielberg have an unpaid internship with?, answer: editing | question: How long was 'Amblin'?, answer: 26-minute | question: What was Sidney Sheinberg's position with Universal?, answer: vice president | question: How long of a contract did Sheinberg give Spielberg?, answer: seven-year
While successful predation results in a gain of energy, hunting invariably involves energetic costs as well. When hunger is not an issue, in general most predators will not seek to attack prey since the costs outweigh the benefits. For instance, a large predatory fish like a shark that is well fed in an aquarium will typically ignore the smaller fish swimming around it (while the prey fish take advantage of the fact that the apex predator is apparently uninterested). Surplus killing represents a deviation from this type of behaviour. The treatment of consumption in terms of cost-benefit analysis is known as optimal foraging theory, and has been quite successful in the study of animal behavior. In general, costs and benefits are considered in energy gain per unit time, though other factors are also important, such as essential nutrients that have no caloric value but are necessary for survival and health.

question: What makes predation successful?, answer: gain of energy | question: Treating the hunt as a cost-benefit scenario is referred to a what?, answer: optimal foraging theory | question: In optimal foraging theory, how are costs and benefits measured?, answer: energy gain per unit time
While technically referring to the era before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492 to 1504, in practice the term usually includes the history of American indigenous cultures until Europeans either conquered or significantly influenced them, even if this happened decades or even centuries after Columbus' initial landing. "Pre-Columbian" is used especially often in the context of discussing the great indigenous civilizations of the Americas, such as those of Mesoamerica (the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacano, the Zapotec, the Mixtec, the Aztec, and the Maya civilizations) and those of the Andes (Inca Empire, Moche culture, Muisca Confederation, Cañaris).

question: The term Pre-Columbian technically refers to which era?, answer: before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492 | question: When was Columbus' first voyage?, answer: 1492 | question: In practice, Pre-Columbian refers to the history of the indigenous cultures of America prior to Europeans doing what to them?, answer: conquered or significantly influenced | question: What term is used most often when discussing the great civilizations of the Americas?, answer: "Pre-Columbian" | question: What area of the Americas did the Inca Empire, Moche culture and Muisca confederation hail from?, answer: Andes
While textual criticism developed into a discipline of thorough analysis of the Bible — both the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament — scholars also use it to determine the original content of classic texts, such as Plato's Republic. There are far fewer witnesses to classical texts than to the Bible, so scholars can use stemmatics and, in some cases, copy text editing. However, unlike the New Testament where the earliest witnesses are within 200 years of the original, the earliest existing manuscripts of most classical texts were written about a millennium after their composition. All things being equal, textual scholars expect that a larger time gap between an original and a manuscript means more changes in the text.

question: Does the Bible or Plato's Republic have more witnesses?, answer: There are far fewer witnesses to classical texts than to the Bible | question: What's the gap between original Christian texts and subsequent editions of the same works?, answer: within 200 years | question: What's the gap between original classical texts and subsequent editions of the same works?, answer: about a millennium after their composition | question: How does the expanse of time correlate to authenticity with regard to original and subsequent versions of texts?, answer: a larger time gap between an original and a manuscript means more changes in the text.
While the Armenian Apostolic Church remains the most prominent church in the Armenian community throughout the world, Armenians (especially in the diaspora) subscribe to any number of other Christian denominations. These include the Armenian Catholic Church (which follows its own liturgy but recognizes the Roman Catholic Pope), the Armenian Evangelical Church, which started as a reformation in the Mother church but later broke away, and the Armenian Brotherhood Church, which was born in the Armenian Evangelical Church, but later broke apart from it. There are other numerous Armenian churches belonging to Protestant denominations of all kinds.

question: Which Armenian church recognizes the Pope?, answer: Armenian Catholic Church | question: What broke away from the Armenian Apostolic Church?, answer: Armenian Evangelical Church | question: Which Armenian church is the most popular in Armenia?, answer: Armenian Apostolic Church | question: What broke away from the Armenian Evangelical Church?, answer: Armenian Brotherhood Church
While the Baptists in total (counting both blacks and whites) have maintained the majority in this part of the country (known as the Bible Belt), the population in North Carolina practices a wide variety of faiths, including Judaism, Islam, Baha'i, Buddhism, and Hinduism. As of 2010 the Southern Baptist Church was the biggest denomination, with 4,241 churches and 1,513,000 members; the second largest was the United Methodist Church, with 660,000 members and 1,923 churches. The third was the Roman Catholic Church, with 428,000 members in 190 congregations. The fourth greatest was the Presbyterian Church (USA), with 186,000 members and 710 congregations; this denomination was brought by Scots-Irish immigrants who settled the backcountry in the colonial era.

question: What is the religious name given to the part of the country that includes the Carolinas?, answer: Bible Belt | question: What religion holds the majority in the Bible Belt?, answer: Baptists | question: What was the largest denomination in North Carolina in 2010?, answer: Southern Baptist | question: What was the second largest denomination in North carolina in 2010?, answer: United Methodist Church | question: What was the third largest denomination in North carolina in 2010?, answer: Roman Catholic
While the Big Bang model is well established in cosmology, it is likely to be refined in the future. Little is known about the earliest moments of the universe's history. The Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems require the existence of a singularity at the beginning of cosmic time. However, these theorems assume that general relativity is correct, but general relativity must break down before the universe reaches the Planck temperature, and a correct treatment of quantum gravity may avoid the singularity.

question: The Big Bang model is solidly established in what?, answer: cosmology | question: How much is known about the early states of the universe?, answer: i | question: Which theorems require the existence of a singularity at the beginning of time?, answer: The Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems | question: These theorems have to assume what theory is correct?, answer: general relativity | question: These theorems state that general relatively must break down before what?, answer: before the universe reaches the Planck temperature
While the Concordat restored much power to the papacy, the balance of church-state relations had tilted firmly in Napoleon's favour. He selected the bishops and supervised church finances. Napoleon and the pope both found the Concordat useful. Similar arrangements were made with the Church in territories controlled by Napoleon, especially Italy and Germany. Now, Napoleon could win favor with the Catholics while also controlling Rome in a political sense. Napoleon said in April 1801, "Skillful conquerors have not got entangled with priests. They can both contain them and use them." French children were issued a catechism that taught them to love and respect Napoleon.

question: The Concodat restored significant power to what position?, answer: the papacy | question: Despite the Concordat, the balance of the relationship between the church and state had swung in whose favor?, answer: Napoleon's | question: Other than Napoleon, who else found the Concordat to be of use?, answer: the pope | question: The children of France were given a catechism that taught them to love and respect whom?, answer: Napoleon | question: In what year did Napoleon say that skilled rulers were able to both control and use priests?, answer: 1801
While the Downtown and New Center areas contain high-rise buildings, the majority of the surrounding city consists of low-rise structures and single-family homes. Outside of the city's core, residential high-rises are found in upper-class neighborhoods such as the East Riverfront extending toward Grosse Pointe and the Palmer Park neighborhood just west of Woodward. The University Commons-Palmer Park district in northwest Detroit, near the University of Detroit Mercy and Marygrove College, anchors historic neighborhoods including Palmer Woods, Sherwood Forest, and the University District.

question: What areas of Detroit contain high rises?, answer: Downtown and New Center | question: What is the neighborhood just west of Woodward?, answer: Palmer Park | question: What type of neighborhood is Sherwood Forest?, answer: historic
While the Federal District was ruled by the federal government through an appointed governor, the municipalities within it were autonomous, and this duality of powers created tension between the municipalities and the federal government for more than a century. In 1903, Porfirio Díaz largely reduced the powers of the municipalities within the Federal District. Eventually, in December 1928, the federal government decided to abolish all the municipalities of the Federal District. In place of the municipalities, the Federal District was divided into one "Central Department" and 13 delegaciones (boroughs) administered directly by the government of the Federal District. The Central Department was integrated by the former municipalities of Mexico City, Tacuba, Tacubaya and Mixcoac.

question: When were the powers of the municipalities of Mexico City first reduced?, answer: 1903 | question: When was the autonomy of the municipalities eliminated?, answer: 1928 | question: How many boroughs did the city consist of when they were first established?, answer: 13 | question: Who first reduced the power of the municipalities of Mexico City?, answer: Porfirio Díaz | question: Who led Mexico City?, answer: an appointed governor
While the French army under General MacMahon engaged the German 3rd Army at the Battle of Wörth, the German 1st Army under Steinmetz finished their advance west from Saarbrücken. A patrol from the German 2nd Army under Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia spotted decoy fires close and Frossard's army farther off on a distant plateau south of the town of Spicheren, and took this as a sign of Frossard's retreat. Ignoring Moltke's plan again, both German armies attacked Frossard's French 2nd Corps, fortified between Spicheren and Forbach.

question: Who commanded the French army at the battle of Worth?, answer: General MacMahon | question: Which German divisison did MacMahon engage?, answer: German 3rd Army | question: Who commanded the German 1st Army?, answer: Steinmetz | question: What did a German patrol spot that led them to believe that Frossard had retreated?, answer: decoy fires | question: Whose plan did German armies ignore in attacking Frossard?, answer: Moltke's
While the Philippines is generally considered a civil law nation, its Supreme Court is heavily modelled after the American Supreme Court. This can be attributed to the fact that the Philippines was colonized by both Spain and the United States, and the system of laws of both nations strongly influenced the development of Philippine laws and jurisprudence. Even as the body of Philippine laws remain mostly codified, the Philippine Civil Code expressly recognizes that decisions of the Supreme Court "form part of the law of the land", belonging to the same class as statutes. The 1987 Philippine Constitution also explicitly grants to the Supreme Court the power of judicial review over laws and executive actions. The Supreme Court is composed of 1 Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices. The court sits either en banc or in divisions, depending on the nature of the case to be decided.

question: What type of legal system is the Philippines officially?, answer: a civil law nation | question: The high court in The Philippines is modeled after what judicial body?, answer: the American Supreme Court | question: What document grants the Philippines Supreme Court the right of judicial review?, answer: 1987 Philippine Constitution | question: How many justices make up the Philippines Supreme Court?, answer: 1 Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices | question: When all judges of a court hear a case at once it is called?, answer: en banc
While the Suez Crisis caused British power in the Middle East to weaken, it did not collapse. Britain again deployed its armed forces to the region, intervening in Oman (1957), Jordan (1958) and Kuwait (1961), though on these occasions with American approval, as the new Prime Minister Harold Macmillan's foreign policy was to remain firmly aligned with the United States. Britain maintained a military presence in the Middle East for another decade. In January 1968, a few weeks after the devaluation of the pound, Prime Minister Harold Wilson and his Defence Secretary Denis Healey announced that British troops would be withdrawn from major military bases East of Suez, which included the ones in the Middle East, and primarily from Malaysia and Singapore. The British withdrew from Aden in 1967, Bahrain in 1971, and Maldives in 1976.

question: When did Britain withdraw from Aden?, answer: 1967 | question: When did Britain withdraw from Bahrain?, answer: 1971 | question: When did Britain withdraw from the Maldives?, answer: 1976 | question: Who was Harold Wilson's Defense Secretary?, answer: Denis Healey | question: Where did Britain's army attack in 1961?, answer: Kuwait
While the Umayyads and the Hashimites may have had bitterness between the two clans before Muhammad, the rivalry turned into a severe case of tribal animosity after the Battle of Badr. The battle saw three top leaders of the Umayyad clan (Utba ibn Rabi'ah, Walid ibn Utbah and Shaybah) killed by Hashimites (Ali, Hamza ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib and Ubaydah ibn al-Harith) in a three-on-three melee. This fueled the opposition of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, the grandson of Umayya, to Muhammad and to Islam. Abu Sufyan sought to exterminate the adherents of the new religion by waging another battle with Muslims based in Medina only a year after the Battle of Badr. He did this to avenge the defeat at Badr. The Battle of Uhud is generally believed by scholars to be the first defeat for the Muslims, as they had incurred greater losses than the Meccans. After the battle, Abu Sufyan's wife Hind, who was also the daughter of Utba ibn Rabi'ah, is reported to have cut open the corpse of Hamza, taking out his liver which she then attempted to eat. Within five years after his defeat in the Battle of Uhud, however, Muhammad took control of Mecca and announced a general amnesty for all. Abu Sufyan and his wife Hind embraced Islam on the eve of the conquest of Mecca, as did their son (the future caliph Muawiyah I).

question: How many top leaders of the Umayyads were killed in the Battle of Badr?, answer: three | question: Who was the son of Abu Sufyan?, answer: Muawiyah I | question: Who did the Umayyads fight in the Battle of Badr?, answer: Hashimites | question: What do historians see as the first military defeat of Islam?, answer: Battle of Uhud | question: Who was the spouse of Abu Sufyan?, answer: Hind
While the Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO, there was no direct confrontation between them. Instead, the conflict was fought on an ideological basis. Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs. The Warsaw Pact's largest military engagement was Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia (with the participation of all Pact nations except Romania and Albania). The Pact failed to function when the Revolutions of 1989 spread through Eastern Europe, beginning with the Solidarity movement in Poland and its success in June 1989.

question: Which organization was in direct competition with the Warsaw Pact?, answer: NATO | question: Which nation saw the most significant Warsaw Pact military deployment?, answer: Czechoslovakia | question: What was the name of the Polish revolutionary movement which the Warsaw Pact failed to suppress?, answer: Solidarity | question: Which country saw the largest Warsaw Pact deployment?, answer: Czechoslovakia | question: In which year did the Warsaw Pact cease to function effectively?, answer: 1989 | question: What was the name of the Polish labor movement which successfully defied the Warsaw Pact?, answer: Solidarity