lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Unlike the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which is a domestic security service, CIA has no law enforcement function and is mainly focused on overseas intelligence gathering, with only limited domestic collection. Though it is not the only U.S. government agency specializing in HUMINT, CIA serves as the national manager for coordination and deconfliction of HUMINT activities across the entire intelligence community. Moreover, CIA is the only agency authorized by law to carry out and oversee covert action on behalf of the President, unless the President determines that another agency is better suited for carrying out such action. It can, for example, exert foreign political influence through its tactical divisions, such as the Special Activities Division.

question: What is the CIA's main focus?, answer: overseas intelligence gathering | question: What does FBI stand for?, answer: Federal Bureau of Investigation | question: What is the only agency that is authorized to carry out action on behalf of the president?, answer: CIA
Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol ₥), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol ¢), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; "dime" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10¢, while "eagle" and "mill" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599⁄10. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, "paper money" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the "double eagle", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as "fractional currency", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as "shinplasters". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a "Union", "Half Union", and "Quarter Union", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.

question: What is the US dollar based upon?, answer: a decimal system of values | question: How much monetary value does a dime hold?, answer: one-tenth of a dollar | question: How much was a union going to be worth as proposed in the 1800s?, answer: one hundred dollars | question: What was the maximum value a gold coin used to be able to have?, answer: $20 | question: In what legislation was the term "eagle" used?, answer: Coinage Act of 1792
Unlike the above antennas, traveling wave antennas are nonresonant so they have inherently broad bandwidth. They are typically wire antennas multiple wavelengths long, through which the voltage and current waves travel in one direction, instead of bouncing back and forth to form standing waves as in resonant antennas. They have linear polarization (except for the helical antenna). Unidirectional traveling wave antennas are terminated by a resistor at one end equal to the antenna's characteristic resistance, to absorb the waves from one direction. This makes them inefficient as transmitting antennas.

question: What antenna's are nonresonant?, answer: traveling wave antennas | question: How long are the wire antenna's that the voltage and current waves travel in the same direction?, answer: one direction | question: What are undirectional traveling wave directions terminated by?, answer: resistor | question: What antenna does not have linear polarization?, answer: helical antenna | question: What is the resistor equal to?, answer: antenna's characteristic resistance
Unlike the heavier guns, these smaller weapons are in widespread use due to their low cost and ability to quickly follow the target. Classic examples of autocannons and large caliber guns are the 40 mm autocannon and the 8.8 cm FlaK 18, 36 gun, both designed by Bofors of Sweden. Artillery weapons of this sort have for the most part been superseded by the effective surface-to-air missile systems that were introduced in the 1950s, although they were still retained by many nations. The development of surface-to-air missiles began in Nazi Germany during the late World War II with missiles such as the Wasserfall, though no working system was deployed before the war's end, and represented new attempts to increase effectiveness of the anti-aircraft systems faced with growing threat from [bomber]s. Land-based SAMs can be deployed from fixed installations or mobile launchers, either wheeled or tracked. The tracked vehicles are usually armoured vehicles specifically designed to carry SAMs.

question: Smaller weapons are able to be used because of their low cost as well as what other factor?, answer: ability to quickly follow the target | question: Who designed the 40 mm autocannon?, answer: Bofors of Sweden | question: When were the surface-to-air missile systems introduced?, answer: 1950s | question: Where were surface-to-air missiles first developed?, answer: in Nazi Germany | question: How can land-based SAMs be deployed?, answer: from fixed installations or mobile launchers
Unlike the majority of 1980s mainstream singers, the 1990s mainstream pop/R&B singers such as All-4-One, Boyz II Men, Rob Thomas, Christina Aguilera, Backstreet Boys and Savage Garden generally crossed over to the AC charts. Latin pop artists such as Lynda Thomas, Ricky Martin, Marc Anthony, Selena, Enrique Iglesias and Luis Miguel also enjoyed success in the AC charts.

question: Mainstream artists from what decade generally did not have success on the adult contemporary charts?, answer: 1980s | question: Along with All-4-One, Boyz II Men, Rob Thomas, Christina Aguilera and Backstreet Boys, what 90s artists were notable in the pop/R&B genre?, answer: Savage Garden | question: What genre of music did Lynda Thomas, Ricky Martin, Selena, Marc Anthony, Enrique Iglesias and Luis Miguel make?, answer: Latin pop
Unlike the papabile cardinals Giacomo Lercaro of Bologna and Giuseppe Siri of Genoa, he was not identified with either the left or right, nor was he seen as a radical reformer. He was viewed as most likely to continue the Second Vatican Council, which already, without any tangible results, had lasted longer than anticipated by John XXIII, who had a vision but "did not have a clear agenda. His rhetoric seems to have had a note of over-optimism, a confidence in progress, which was characteristic of the 1960s." When John XXIII died of stomach cancer on 3 June 1963, it triggered a conclave to elect a new pope.

question: What role was Montini not perceived to fill unlike some of his fellow cardinals?, answer: reformer | question: In what year did Pope John XXIII die?, answer: 1963 | question: What role did Pope John XXIII's death precipitate the election of?, answer: pope | question: What illness caused the death of Pope John XXIII, answer: stomach cancer | question: What organization did the church expect Montini to continue?, answer: Second Vatican Council
Unlike the situation with the states, there is no plenary reception statute at the federal level that continued the common law and thereby granted federal courts the power to formulate legal precedent like their English predecessors. Federal courts are solely creatures of the federal Constitution and the federal Judiciary Acts. However, it is universally accepted that the Founding Fathers of the United States, by vesting "judicial power" into the Supreme Court and the inferior federal courts in Article Three of the United States Constitution, thereby vested in them the implied judicial power of common law courts to formulate persuasive precedent; this power was widely accepted, understood, and recognized by the Founding Fathers at the time the Constitution was ratified. Several legal scholars have argued that the federal judicial power to decide "cases or controversies" necessarily includes the power to decide the precedential effect of those cases and controversies.

question: How did the federal agencies differ from their English counter-parts?, answer: no plenary reception statute at the federal level that continued the common law | question: What did the missing plenary reception do?, answer: granted federal courts the power to formulate legal precedent | question: Where do the federal courts fall?, answer: the federal Judiciary Acts | question: Where is judicial power found in the original Constitution?, answer: Article Three | question: What does Article Three give federal agencies?, answer: implied judicial power of common law courts to formulate persuasive precedent
Unlike those of Mexican states' schools, curricula of Mexico City's public schools is managed by the federal Secretary of Public Education. The whole funding is allocated by the government of Mexico City (in some specific cases, such as El Colegio de México, funding comes from both the city's government and other public and private national and international entities).[citation needed] The city's public high school system is the Instituto de Educación Media Superior del Distrito Federal (IEMS-DF).

question: Who is in charge of the education in Mexico City?, answer: Secretary of Public Education | question: What is the public high school system called in Mexico City?, answer: Instituto de Educación Media Superior del Distrito Federal | question: Who allocates the funding of the school systems?, answer: government of Mexico City
Unlike vermilion or red ochre, made from minerals, red lake pigments are made by mixing organic dyes, made from insects or plants, with white chalk or alum. Red lac was made from the gum lac, the dark red resinous substance secreted by various scale insects, particularly the Laccifer lacca from India. Carmine lake was made from the cochineal insect from Central and South America, Kermes lake came from a different scale insect, kermes vermilio, which thrived on oak trees around the Mediterranean. Other red lakes were made from the rose madder plant and from the brazilwood tree.

question: What was red ochre composed of?, answer: minerals | question: How were pigments like red lake created?, answer: mixing organic dyes | question: What was red lake composed of?, answer: insects or plants, with white chalk or alum | question: What was the source of color in Red lac?, answer: the dark red resinous substance secreted by various scale insects | question: The Laccifer lacca was crucial to making what pigment?, answer: Red lac
Unmarked vehicles are used primarily for sting operations or apprehending criminals without alerting them to their presence. Some police forces use unmarked or minimally marked cars for traffic law enforcement, since drivers slow down at the sight of marked police vehicles and unmarked vehicles make it easier for officers to catch speeders and traffic violators. This practice is controversial, with for example, New York State banning this practice in 1996 on the grounds that it endangered motorists who might be pulled over by people impersonating police officers.

question: When do police often use unmarked cars?, answer: primarily for sting operations or apprehending criminals without alerting them to their presence | question: What use of unmarked cars is controversial?, answer: for traffic law enforcement | question: Why did New York State ban unmarked cars for traffic cops?, answer: it endangered motorists who might be pulled over by people impersonating police officers | question: When did New York State ban unmarked cars for traffic cops?, answer: 1996
Unpopulated boards are usually bare-board tested for "shorts" and "opens". A short is a connection between two points that should not be connected. An open is a missing connection between points that should be connected. For high-volume production a fixture or a rigid needle adapter is used to make contact with copper lands on the board. Building the adapter is a significant fixed cost and is only economical for high-volume or high-value production. For small or medium volume production flying probe testers are used where test probes are moved over the board by an XY drive to make contact with the copper lands. The CAM system instructs the electrical tester to apply a voltage to each contact point as required and to check that this voltage appears on the appropriate contact points and only on these.

question: What are bare-board tests looking for besides "opens"?, answer: "shorts" | question: What conductive metal are the lands on a circuit board made out of?, answer: copper | question: What's an absent connection that needs to be linked up on an unpopulated board called?, answer: An open | question: What does a flying probe tester deliver to the contact points during testing?, answer: voltage | question: What system tells the flying probe where to go and what to do?, answer: CAM system
Unsure of his future, he first contemplated returning to London to complete his studies, but decided to return to Boston as a teacher. His father helped him set up his private practice by contacting Gardiner Greene Hubbard, the president of the Clarke School for the Deaf for a recommendation. Teaching his father's system, in October 1872, Alexander Bell opened his "School of Vocal Physiology and Mechanics of Speech" in Boston, which attracted a large number of deaf pupils, with his first class numbering 30 students. While he was working as a private tutor, one of his most famous pupils was Helen Keller, who came to him as a young child unable to see, hear, or speak. She was later to say that Bell dedicated his life to the penetration of that "inhuman silence which separates and estranges." In 1893, Keller performed the sod-breaking ceremony for the construction of the new Bell's new Volta Bureau, dedicated to "the increase and diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf".

question: What city did Bell decide to return to?, answer: Boston | question: In what year did Bell open his own school?, answer: 1872 | question: How many people were in Bell's first class?, answer: 30 | question: Which of Bell's students is the most well known?, answer: Helen Keller
Until 18 December 2010, Eton College was an exempt charity under English law (Charities Act 1993, Schedule 2). Under the provisions of the Charities Act 2006, it is now an excepted charity, and fully registered with the Charities Commission, and is now one of the 100 largest charities in the UK. As a charity, it benefits from substantial tax breaks. It was calculated by the late David Jewell, former Master of Haileybury, that in 1992 such tax breaks saved the School about £1,945 per pupil per year, although he had no direct connection with the School. This subsidy has declined since the 2001 abolition by the Labour Government of state-funded scholarships (formerly known as "assisted places") to independent schools. However, no child attended Eton on this scheme, meaning that the actual level of state assistance to the School has always been lower. Eton's retiring Head Master, Tony Little, has claimed that the benefits that Eton provides to the local community free of charge (use of its facilities, etc.) have a higher value than the tax breaks it receives as a result of its charitable status. The fee for the academic year 2010–2011 was £29,862 (approximately US$48,600 or €35,100 as of March 2011), although the sum is considerably lower for those pupils on bursaries and scholarships.

question: Why is being a charity beneficial to Eton?, answer: substantial tax breaks | question: What service does Eton provide to the local community free of charge?, answer: use of its facilities | question: What was the full price of Eton per student in 2010-2011?, answer: £29,862 (approximately US$48,600 or €35,100 | question: How much did estimated tax breaks save per student in 1992?, answer: £1,945 per pupil per year
Until 1998, the network carried a variety of American programs in addition to its core Canadian programming, directly competing with private Canadian broadcasters such as CTV and Global. Since then, it has restricted itself to Canadian programs, a handful of British programs, and a few American movies and off-network repeats. Since this change, the CBC has sometimes struggled to maintain ratings comparable to those it achieved before 1995, although it has seen somewhat of a ratings resurgence in recent years. In the 2007-08 season, hit series such as Little Mosque on the Prairie and The Border helped the network achieve its strongest ratings performance in over half a decade.

question: In what year did the network end American programming?, answer: 1998 | question: What foreign programming is shown on the CBC after 1998?, answer: a handful of British programs, and a few American movies and off-network repeats | question: Which recent (2007-2008) shows helped the network regain popularity?, answer: Little Mosque on the Prairie and The Border
Until 2005, the United Nations General Assembly annually adopted a detailed resolution about the situation in Myanmar by consensus. But in 2006 a divided United Nations General Assembly voted through a resolution that strongly called upon the government of Myanmar to end its systematic violations of human rights. In January 2007, Russia and China vetoed a draft resolution before the United Nations Security Council calling on the government of Myanmar to respect human rights and begin a democratic transition. South Africa also voted against the resolution.

question: What did the United adopt in reference to Burma annually until 2005 ?, answer: Until 2005, the United Nations General Assembly annually adopted a detailed resolution about the situation in Myanmar by consensus. | question: What occurred in the United Nations general convening in 2006 ?, answer: voted through a resolution that strongly called upon the government of Myanmar to end its systematic violations of human rights. | question: What did China and Russia both do in 2008 ?, answer: vetoed a draft resolution before the United Nations Security Council calling on the government of Myanmar | question: What other countries were in disagreement with the United Nations decision on Burma ?, answer: South Africa
Until March 1, 2009, the Borough President of the Bronx was Adolfo Carrión Jr., elected as a Democrat in 2001 and 2005 before retiring early to direct the White House Office of Urban Affairs Policy. His successor, Democratic New York State Assembly member Rubén Díaz, Jr., who won a special election on April 21, 2009 by a vote of 86.3% (29,420) on the "Bronx Unity" line to 13.3% (4,646) for the Republican district leader Anthony Ribustello on the "People First" line, became Borough President on May 1.

question: When did Carrion Jr. retire as Borough President?, answer: March 1, 2009 | question: When was Carrion Jr. first elected Borough President?, answer: 2001 | question: When was Carrion Jr. re-elected Borough President?, answer: 2005 | question: Who succeeded Carrion Jr.?, answer: Rubén Díaz, Jr. | question: When was Diaz Jr. elected?, answer: April 21, 2009
Until about 1855 the words near east and far east did not refer to any particular region. The far East, a phrase containing a noun, East, qualified by an adjective, far, could be at any location in the "far east" of the speaker's home territory. The Ottoman Empire, for example, was the far East as much as the East Indies. The Crimean War brought a change in vocabulary with the introduction of terms more familiar to the late 19th century. The Russian Empire had entered a more aggressive phase, becoming militarily active against the Ottoman Empire and also against China, with territorial aggrandizement explicitly in mind. Rethinking its policy the British government decided that the two polities under attack were necessary for the balance of power. It therefore undertook to oppose the Russians in both places, one result being the Crimean War. During that war the administration of the British Empire began promulgating a new vocabulary, giving specific regional meaning to "the Near East," the Ottoman Empire, and "the Far East," the East Indies. The two terms were now compound nouns often shown hyphenated.

question: Until what year did the words near east and far east not refer to any particular region?, answer: 1855 | question: What brought a change in vocabulary?, answer: The Crimean War | question: The Russian Empire became more militarily active against who?, answer: the Ottoman Empire | question: Who decided the two polities under attack were necessary for the balance of power?, answer: the British government | question: What empire began promulgating a new vocabulary?, answer: the British Empire
Until mid-to-late adolescence, boys and girls show relatively little difference in drinking motives. Distinctions between the reasons for alcohol consumption of males and females begin to emerge around ages 14–15; overall, boys tend to view drinking in a more social light than girls, who report on average a more frequent use of alcohol as a coping mechanism. The latter effect appears to shift in late adolescence and onset of early adulthood (18–19 years of age); however, despite this trend, age tends to bring a greater desire to drink for pleasure rather than coping in both boys and girls.

question: During what ages do reasons for alcohol consumption between males and females begin to diverge?, answer: 14–15 | question: Do boys or girls view drinking in a more social light?, answer: boys | question: Which gender reports most frequently using alcohol as a coping mechanism?, answer: girls | question: Does age bring a greater or smaller desire to drink for pleasure rather than coping?, answer: greater