lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Alaska's internet and other data transport systems are provided largely through the two major telecommunications companies: GCI and Alaska Communications. GCI owns and operates what it calls the Alaska United Fiber Optic system and as of late 2011 Alaska Communications advertised that it has "two fiber optic paths to the lower 48 and two more across Alaska. In January 2011, it was reported that a $1 billion project to run connect Asia and rural Alaska was being planned, aided in part by $350 million in stimulus from the federal government.

question: Which two companies provide internet and data transport to Alaska?, answer: GCI and Alaska Communications | question: In what year was a project to connect Asia and rural Alaska announced?, answer: 2011 | question: How much money did the federal government contribute via stimulus to the connectvitiy between Asia and Alaska?, answer: $350 million | question: Which company owns and operates the Alaska United Fiber Optic System?, answer: GCI
Alaska's well-developed state-owned ferry system (known as the Alaska Marine Highway) serves the cities of southeast, the Gulf Coast and the Alaska Peninsula. The ferries transport vehicles as well as passengers. The system also operates a ferry service from Bellingham, Washington and Prince Rupert, British Columbia in Canada through the Inside Passage to Skagway. The Inter-Island Ferry Authority also serves as an important marine link for many communities in the Prince of Wales Island region of Southeast and works in concert with the Alaska Marine Highway.

question: What is the name of Alaska's ferry system?, answer: the Alaska Marine Highway | question: Which other Ferry group works alongside the Alaska Marine Highway to coordinate travel?, answer: The Inter-Island Ferry Authority | question: Which areas does the Alaska Marine Highway serve?, answer: southeast, the Gulf Coast and the Alaska Peninsula
Alban Butler, writes on the subject: "Five months after this great Council, Nicae, St Alexander lying on his death-bed, recommended to his clergy and people the choice of Athanasius for his successor, thrice repeating his name. In consequence of his recommendation, the bishops of all Egypt assembled at Alexandria, and finding the people and clergy unanimous in their choice of Athanasius for patriarch, they confirmed the election about the middle of year 326. He seems, then, to have been about thirty years of age. "

question: How did the people know that Alexander had chosen Athanasius as his successor?, answer: thrice repeating his name | question: How old was Athanasius when he was chosen as Patriarch?, answer: thirty years | question: Who came to Alexandria to confirm the choice?, answer: bishops of all Egypt | question: Did all the people want him as Patriarch?, answer: unanimous in their choice | question: How long after the Council of Nicae did Alexander die?, answer: Five months
Albania has often been called the 51st state for its perceived strongly pro-American positions, mainly because of the United States' policies towards it. In reference to President George W. Bush's 2007 European tour, Edi Rama, Tirana's mayor and leader of the opposition Socialists, said: "Albania is for sure the most pro-American country in Europe, maybe even in the world ... Nowhere else can you find such respect and hospitality for the President of the United States. Even in Michigan, he wouldn't be as welcome." At the time of ex-Secretary of State James Baker's visit in 1992, there was even a move to hold a referendum declaring the country as the 51st American state. In addition to Albania, Kosovo which is predominately Albanian is seen as a 51st state due to the heavily presence and influence of the United States. The US has had troops and the largest base outside US territory, Camp Bondsteel in the territory since 1999.

question: Who is the mayor of Tirana?, answer: Edi Rama, | question: Who said that Albania is the most pro-American country in Europe?, answer: Edi Rama | question: When did James Baker visit Albania as Secretary of State?, answer: 1992 | question: What is the name of the largest US military base outside of US territory?, answer: Camp Bondsteel
Albert Einstein is known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He also made important contributions to statistical mechanics, especially his mathematical treatment of Brownian motion, his resolution of the paradox of specific heats, and his connection of fluctuations and dissipation. Despite his reservations about its interpretation, Einstein also made contributions to quantum mechanics and, indirectly, quantum field theory, primarily through his theoretical studies of the photon.

question: What is Albert Einstein known for?, answer: his theories of special relativity and general relativity | question: What did Einstein add to the Brownman Motion?, answer: mathematical treatment | question: What did Einstein discover a resolution to?, answer: the paradox of specific heats | question: What theory did Einstein have reservations about?, answer: quantum field theory
Albert Einstein lived in a flat at the Kramgasse 49, the site of the Einsteinhaus, from 1903 to 1905, the year in which the Annus Mirabilis Papers were published.

question: Where is Albert Einstein live?, answer: the Kramgasse 49 | question: What was published the same years?, answer: Annus Mirabilis Papers | question: What is the flat that Einstein called?, answer: Einsteinhaus
Albert Einstein proposed that the laws of physics should be based on the principle of relativity. This principle holds that the rules of physics must be the same for all observers, regardless of the frame of reference that is used, and that light propagates at the same speed in all reference frames. This theory was motivated by Maxwell's equations, which show that electromagnetic waves propagate in a vacuum at the speed of light. However, Maxwell's equations give no indication of what this speed is relative to. Prior to Einstein, it was thought that this speed was relative to a fixed medium, called the luminiferous ether. In contrast, the theory of special relativity postulates that light propagates at the speed of light in all inertial frames, and examines the implications of this postulate.

question: lbert Einstein proposed that the laws of physics should be based on what principle?, answer: relativity | question: The principle of relativity holds that the rules of physics must be the same for who?, answer: all observers | question: In all reference frames, how is the the speed of light?, answer: the same | question: Einstein's theory was motivated by who?, answer: Maxwell | question: Before Einstein, speed was though to be relative to what?, answer: the luminiferous ether
Albert Wendt is a significant Samoan writer whose novels and stories tell the Samoan experience. In 1989, his novel Flying Fox in a Freedom Tree was made into a feature film in New Zealand, directed by Martyn Sanderson. Another novel Sons for the Return Home had also been made into a feature film in 1979, directed by Paul Maunder. The late John Kneubuhl, born in American Samoa, was an accomplished playwright and screenwriter and writer. Sia Figiel won the 1997 Commonwealth Writers' Prize for fiction in the south-east Asia/South Pacific region with her novel "Where We Once Belonged". Momoe Von Reiche is an internationally recognised poet and artist. Tusiata Avia is a performance poet. Her first book of poetry Wild Dogs Under My Skirt was published by Victoria University Press in 2004. Dan Taulapapa McMullin is an artist and writer. Other Samoan poets and writers include Sapa'u Ruperake Petaia, Eti Sa'aga and Savea Sano Malifa, the editor of the Samoa Observer.

question: What Samoan author write Flying Fox in Freedom Tree?, answer: Albert Wendt | question: In what country was Flying Fox in Freedom Tree made into a feature film?, answer: New Zealand | question: Which Wendt novel was made into a film directed by Paul Maunder?, answer: Sons for the Return Home | question: Who won a Commonwealth Writers' Prize for fiction for her book "Where We Once Belonged"?, answer: Sia Figiel | question: What type of literature does Tusiata Avia write?, answer: poetry
Albert assumed the regnal name "George VI" to emphasise continuity with his father and restore confidence in the monarchy. The beginning of George VI's reign was taken up by questions surrounding his predecessor and brother, whose titles, style and position were uncertain. He had been introduced as "His Royal Highness Prince Edward" for the abdication broadcast, but George VI felt that by abdicating and renouncing the succession Edward had lost the right to bear royal titles, including "Royal Highness". In settling the issue, George's first act as king was to confer upon his brother the title and style "His Royal Highness The Duke of Windsor", but the Letters Patent creating the dukedom prevented any wife or children from bearing royal styles. George VI was also forced to buy from Edward the royal residences of Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House, as these were private properties and did not pass to George VI automatically. Three days after his accession, on his 41st birthday, he invested his wife, the new queen consort, with the Order of the Garter.

question: What regnal name did Albert adopt?, answer: George VI | question: What title did Albert give Edward?, answer: His Royal Highness The Duke of Windsor | question: What did Albert bestow onto his wife on his 41st birthday?, answer: the Order of the Garter | question: Which two residences did Albert buy from Edward?, answer: Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House
Albert spent the first six months of 1913 on the training ship HMS Cumberland in the West Indies and on the east coast of Canada. He was rated as a midshipman aboard HMS Collingwood on 15 September 1913, and spent three months in the Mediterranean. His fellow officers gave him the nickname "Mr. Johnson". One year after his commission, he began service in the First World War. He was mentioned in despatches for his action as a turret officer aboard Collingwood in the Battle of Jutland (31 May – 1 June 1916), an indecisive engagement with the German navy that was the largest naval action of the war. He did not see further combat, largely because of ill health caused by a duodenal ulcer, for which he had an operation in November 1917.

question: Which ship did Alber train on in 1913?, answer: HMS Cumberland | question: How many months did Albert spend in the Mediterranean in 1913?, answer: three months | question: Which war did Albert serve in?, answer: First World War | question: Who gave Albert the nickname of "Mr Johnson"?, answer: fellow officers | question: What was the cause of Albert's ill health in 1917?, answer: duodenal ulcer
Albert the Great wrote that wisdom and understanding enhance one's faith in God. According to him, these are the tools that God uses to commune with a contemplative. Love in the soul is both the cause and result of true understanding and judgement. It causes not only an intellectual knowledge of God, but a spiritual and emotional knowledge as well. Contemplation is the means whereby one can obtain this goal of understanding. Things that once seemed static and unchanging become full of possibility and perfection. The contemplative then knows that God is, but she does not know what God is. Thus, contemplation forever produces a mystified, imperfect knowledge of God. The soul is exalted beyond the rest of God's creation but it cannot see God Himself.

question: What enhances man's faith in God according to Albertus Magnus?, answer: wisdom | question: What is a tool that God uses to speak to the average man?, answer: understanding | question: How can man obtain understanding of God?, answer: Contemplation | question: If someone contemplates God forever, what type of knowledge will they obtain?, answer: imperfect | question: What cannot see God itself?, answer: The soul
Albertus Magnus championed the idea, drawn from Dionysus, that positive knowledge of God is possible, but obscure. Thus, it is easier to state what God is not, than to state what God is: "... we affirm things of God only relatively, that is, casually, whereas we deny things of God absolutely, that is, with reference to what He is in Himself. And there is no contradiction between a relative affirmation and an absolute negation. It is not contradictory to say that someone is white-toothed and not white".

question: What idea did Albertus champion?, answer: positive knowledge of God is possible | question: Who influenced Magnus at this time?, answer: Dionysus | question: What is it easier to do regarding God?, answer: state what God is not | question: How do we deny things of God?, answer: absolutely
Albon Man, a New York lawyer, started Electro-Dynamic Light Company in 1878 to exploit his patents and those of William Sawyer. Weeks later the United States Electric Lighting Company was organized. This company didn't made their first commercial installation of incandescent lamps until the fall of 1880 at the Mercantile Safe Deposit Company in New York City, about six months after the Edison incandescent lamps had been installed on the Columbia. Hiram S. Maxim was the chief engineer at the United States Electric Lighting Company.

question: Who founded Electro-Dynamic Light Company?, answer: Albon Man | question: Who was the chief engineer at the United States Electric Lighting Company?, answer: Hiram S. Maxim | question: Where did Electro-Dynamic Light Company install its first lights?, answer: Mercantile Safe Deposit Company | question: When did Electro-Dynamic Light Company install its first lights?, answer: fall of 1880 | question: Which company was organized first, Electro-Dynamic Light Company or United States Electric Lighting Company?, answer: Electro-Dynamic Light Company
Albrecht von Roon, the Prussian Minister of War from 1859 to 1873, put into effect a series of reforms of the Prussian military system in the 1860s. Among these were two major reforms that substantially increased the military power of Germany. The first was a reorganization of the army that integrated the regular army and the Landwehr reserves. The second was the provision for the conscription of every male Prussian of military age in the event of mobilization. Thus, despite the population of France being greater than the population of all of the German states that participated in the war, the Germans mobilized more soldiers for battle.

question: Who was the Prussian Minister of War?, answer: Albrecht von Roon | question: What was the time span that von Roon acted as minister?, answer: 1859 to 1873 | question: He instituted a series of what regarding the Prussian military?, answer: reforms | question: What was the first step in the reforms?, answer: a reorganization of the army | question: What was the second reform?, answer: the conscription of every male
Alcatel-Lucent has asserted several MP3 coding and compression patents, allegedly inherited from AT&T-Bell Labs, in litigation of its own. In November 2006, before the companies' merger, Alcatel sued Microsoft for allegedly infringing seven patents. On 23 February 2007, a San Diego jury awarded Alcatel-Lucent US $1.52 billion in damages for infringement of two of them. The court subsequently tossed the award, however, finding that one patent had not been infringed and that the other was not even owned by Alcatel-Lucent; it was co-owned by AT&T and Fraunhofer, who had licensed it to Microsoft, the judge ruled. That defense judgment was upheld on appeal in 2008. See Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft for more information.

question: Which company allegedly inherited MP3 patents from AT&T-Bell LAbs?, answer: Alcatel-Lucent | question: What kind of patents were allegedly inherited?, answer: MP3 coding and compression | question: How many patents did Alcatel claim Microsoft infringed on?, answer: seven | question: What subsequently happened after Alcatel was awarded damages?, answer: The court subsequently tossed the award | question: How much money was awarded to Alcatel by a San Diego jury?, answer: US $1.52 billion
Alexander Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on March 3, 1847. The family home was at 16 South Charlotte Street, and has a stone inscription marking it as Alexander Graham Bell's birthplace. He had two brothers: Melville James Bell (1845–70) and Edward Charles Bell (1848–67), both of whom would die of tuberculosis. His father was Professor Alexander Melville Bell, a phonetician, and his mother was Eliza Grace (née Symonds). Born as just "Alexander Bell", at age 10 he made a plea to his father to have a middle name like his two brothers.[N 6] For his 11th birthday, his father acquiesced and allowed him to adopt the name "Graham", chosen out of respect for Alexander Graham, a Canadian being treated by his father who had become a family friend. To close relatives and friends he remained "Aleck".

question: What city was Bell born in?, answer: Edinburgh | question: What material marks Bells family home as his birthplace?, answer: stone | question: What disease did his two brothers die of?, answer: tuberculosis | question: At what age did Bell ask for a middle name?, answer: 10 | question: What did those close to him call Bell?, answer: Aleck
Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born[N 3] scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone.

question: What is Bell most famous for inventing?, answer: telephone | question: What year did Bell die?, answer: 1922 | question: What was special about his telephone?, answer: practical | question: What is Bell's full name?, answer: Alexander Graham Bell | question: What is Bell famous for inventing?, answer: telephone
Alexander Graham Bell was ranked 57th among the 100 Greatest Britons (2002) in an official BBC nationwide poll, and among the Top Ten Greatest Canadians (2004), and the 100 Greatest Americans (2005). In 2006 Bell was also named as one of the 10 greatest Scottish scientists in history after having been listed in the National Library of Scotland's 'Scottish Science Hall of Fame'. Bell's name is still widely known and used as part of the names of dozens of educational institutes, corporate namesakes, street and place names around the world.

question: In 2002, where did Bell place in a list of the Greatest Britons?, answer: 57th | question: In 2004 Bell was listed in the top how many Greatest Canadians?, answer: 10 | question: In what Scottish Hall of Fame is Bell listed?, answer: Scottish Science Hall of Fame | question: Which institution listed Bell in their Hall of Fame?, answer: National Library of Scotland
Alexander faced pressure from his brother, Duke Constantine, to make peace with Napoleon. Given the victory he had just achieved, the French emperor offered the Russians relatively lenient terms–demanding that Russia join the Continental System, withdraw its forces from Wallachia and Moldavia, and hand over the Ionian Islands to France. By contrast, Napoleon dictated very harsh peace terms for Prussia, despite the ceaseless exhortations of Queen Louise. Wiping out half of Prussian territories from the map, Napoleon created a new kingdom of 1,100 square miles called Westphalia. He then appointed his young brother Jérôme as the new monarch of this kingdom. Prussia's humiliating treatment at Tilsit caused a deep and bitter antagonism which festered as the Napoleonic era progressed. Moreover, Alexander's pretensions at friendship with Napoleon led the latter to seriously misjudge the true intentions of his Russian counterpart, who would violate numerous provisions of the treaty in the next few years. Despite these problems, the Treaties of Tilsit at last gave Napoleon a respite from war and allowed him to return to France, which he had not seen in over 300 days.

question: What is the name of the Duke who pressured Alexander to make peace with Napoleon?, answer: Constantine | question: Which ocean territories did Napoleon demand Russia cede to France as part of the terms for peace?, answer: the Ionian Islands | question: What was the name of the new kingdom Napoleon created from Prussian territories?, answer: Westphalia | question: What was the name of the younger brother who Napoleon appointed as the ruler of Westphalia?, answer: Jérôme | question: What was the name of the series of agreements that ended war for a time and allowed Napoleon to return to France?, answer: the Treaties of Tilsit
Alexandra was born days before Kerry began law school. In 1982, Julia asked Kerry for a separation while she was suffering from severe depression. They were divorced on July 25, 1988, and the marriage was formally annulled in 1997. "After 14 years as a political wife, I associated politics only with anger, fear and loneliness" she wrote in A Change of Heart, her book about depression. Thorne later married Richard Charlesworth, an architect, and moved to Bozeman, Montana, where she became active in local environmental groups such as the Greater Yellowstone Coalition. Thorne supported Kerry's 2004 presidential run. She died of cancer on April 27, 2006.

question: When did Kerry and his wife separate?, answer: 1982 | question: When did Kerry and his wife divorce?, answer: July 25, 1988 | question: When did Kerry and his wife get an annullment?, answer: 1997 | question: What book did Kerry's ex-wife write?, answer: A Change of Heart | question: Who did Kerry's ex-wife remarry?, answer: Richard Charlesworth
Alexandria was the most important trade center in the whole empire during Athanasius's boyhood. Intellectually, morally, and politically—it epitomized the ethnically diverse Graeco-Roman world, even more than Rome or Constantinople, Antioch or Marseilles. Its famous catechetical school, while sacrificing none of its famous passion for orthodoxy since the days of Pantaenus, Clement of Alexandria, Origen of Alexandria, Dionysius and Theognostus, had begun to take on an almost secular character in the comprehensiveness of its interests, and had counted influential pagans among its serious auditors.

question: What was Alexandria known for?, answer: important trade center | question: Was the famous school in Alexandria religious only?, answer: secular character | question: Did only Christians attend the school?, answer: influential pagans | question: Was Alexandria welcoming to other cultures?, answer: ethnically diverse
Alexis de Tocqueville described the French Revolution as the inevitable result of the radical opposition created in the 18th century between the monarchy and the men of letters of the Enlightenment. These men of letters constituted a sort of "substitute aristocracy that was both all-powerful and without real power". This illusory power came from the rise of "public opinion", born when absolutist centralization removed the nobility and the bourgeoisie from the political sphere. The "literary politics" that resulted promoted a discourse of equality and was hence in fundamental opposition to the monarchical regime. De Tocqueville "clearly designates ... the cultural effects of transformation in the forms of the exercise of power". Nevertheless, it took another century before cultural approach became central to the historiography, as typified by Robert Darnton, The Business of Enlightenment: A Publishing History of the Encyclopédie, 1775–1800 (1979).

question: How did Alexis de Tocqueville describe the French Revolution?, answer: the inevitable result of the radical opposition created in the 18th century between the monarchy and the men of letters of the Enlightenment | question: Which group was considered "a substitute aristocracy that was both all-powerful and without real power" according to Tocqueville?, answer: men of letters | question: From where did Tocqueville believe the illusory power of the men of letters came from?, answer: the rise of "public opinion"