lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Congress acted defiantly toward the Supreme Court by passing the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 that made roughly fifty crimes punishable by death, including crimes that do not always involve the death of someone. Such non-death capital offenses include treason, espionage (spying for another country), and high-level drug trafficking. Since no one has yet been sentenced to death for such non-death capital offenses, the Supreme Court has not ruled on their constitutionality.

question: Under the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994, about how many crimes were punishable by death?, answer: fifty | question: What body passed the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988?, answer: Congress | question: What is another term for the act of spying for another country?, answer: espionage | question: Along with treason and espionage, what non-death offense is still a federal capital crime?, answer: high-level drug trafficking
Congress often enacts statutes that grant broad rulemaking authority to federal agencies. Often, Congress is simply too gridlocked to draft detailed statutes that explain how the agency should react to every possible situation, or Congress believes the agency's technical specialists are best equipped to deal with particular fact situations as they arise. Therefore, federal agencies are authorized to promulgate regulations. Under the principle of Chevron deference, regulations normally carry the force of law as long as they are based on a reasonable interpretation of the relevant statutes.

question: What does congress often grant to give rulemaking authority to federal agencies?, answer: statutes | question: Federal agencies are authorized to make what public?, answer: regulations | question: Regulations normally carry the force of what?, answer: law | question: Regualtions carry force of law when based on reasonable interpretation of what?, answer: relevant statutes | question: What power is granted to federal agencies by Congress?, answer: broad rulemaking authority | question: Why does Congress give generalized powers to federal agencies?, answer: too gridlocked to draft detailed statutes that explain how the agency should react to every possible situation | question: What gives regulations imposed by federal agencies the right to enforce their regulations?, answer: the principle of Chevron | question: What does the Principle of Chevron provide for?, answer: regulations normally carry the force of law as long as they are based on a reasonable interpretation of the relevant statutes
Connaught Place, one of North India's largest commercial and financial centres, is located in the northern part of New Delhi. Adjoining areas such as Barakhamba Road, ITO are also major commercial centres. Government and quasi government sector was the primary employer in New Delhi. The city's service sector has expanded due in part to the large skilled English-speaking workforce that has attracted many multinational companies. Key service industries include information technology, telecommunications, hotels, banking, media and tourism.

question: What is the name of the large commercial and financial district located in the northern part of New Delhi?, answer: Connaught Place | question: New Delhi's service sector has expanded largely due to skilled workers that speak what language?, answer: English | question: What is one of the key service industries of New Delhi?, answer: information technology | question: Prior to the expansion of the service sector, what sector was the largest employer in New Delhi?, answer: Government | question: The large skilled English-speaking workforce of New Delhi has been able to attract what type of organizations to the city?, answer: multinational companies
Conrad Gessner was the first naturalist to ascend the mountains in the 16th century, to study them, writing that in the mountains he found the "theatre of the Lord". By the 19th century more naturalists began to arrive to explore, study and conquer the high peaks; they were followed by artists, writers and painters. Two men who first explored the regions of ice and snow were Horace-Bénédict de Saussure (1740–1799) in the Pennine Alps, and the Benedictine monk of Disentis Placidus a Spescha (1752–1833). Born in Geneva, Saussure was enamored with the mountains from an early age; he left a law career to become a naturalist and spent many years trekking through the Bernese Oberland, the Savoy, the Piedmont and Valais, studying the glaciers and the geology, as he became an early proponent of the theory of rock upheaval. Saussure, in 1787, was a member of the third ascent of Mont Blanc—today the summits of all the peaks have been climbed.

question: Who was the first naturalist to ascend the mountains?, answer: Conrad Gessner | question: Where was Horace-Benedict de Saussure born?, answer: Geneva | question: Who was a member of the third ascent of Mont Blanc?, answer: Saussure
Consent is also invalid if it is given by a representative who ignored restrictions he is subject to by his sovereign during the negotiations, if the other parties to the treaty were notified of those restrictions prior to his signing.[citation needed]

question: If a state's representative ignored restrictions he is subject to by his sovereign, what might that state's consent to a treaty be considered to be?, answer: invalid | question: Who might place restrictions on a representative during negotiation of a treaty?, answer: his sovereign | question: What must be true of the ignored restrictions placed on a representative by his sovereign in order for a state's consent to a treaty to be considered invalid?, answer: the other parties to the treaty were notified of those restrictions prior to his signing | question: Who must have been notified of the ignored restrictions placed by a sovereign on his representative prior to the signing of a treaty in order for a state's consent to be considered invalid?, answer: the other parties
Consent will also be invalidated if it was induced by the fraudulent conduct of another party, or by the direct or indirect "corruption" of its representative by another party to the treaty. Coercion of either a representative, or the state itself through the threat or use of force, if used to obtain the consent of that state to a treaty, will invalidate that consent.

question: What type of conduct of a party to a treaty can invalidate the consent of another party?, answer: fraudulent conduct | question: What type of action, either direct or indirect, of a state's representative by another type of party to a treaty can invalidate a state's consent?, answer: corruption | question: Coercion of a representative or a state itself will result in what happening to its consent to a treaty?, answer: invalidate that consent | question: Coercion of a state or its what through the threat or use of force, if used to obtain the consent of that state to a treaty, will invalidate that consent?, answer: representative | question: What must be true of coercion through the threat or use of force of a party to treaty for it to invalidate the state's consent to a treaty?, answer: used to obtain the consent of that state to a treaty
Consequently, steam reforming typically employs an excess of H 2O. Additional hydrogen can be recovered from the steam by use of carbon monoxide through the water gas shift reaction, especially with an iron oxide catalyst. This reaction is also a common industrial source of carbon dioxide:

question: How can it be recovered through steam?, answer: use of carbon monoxide through the water gas shift reaction
Consequently, the population of Israel rose from 800,000 to two million between 1948 and 1958. Between 1948 and 1970, approximately 1,150,000 Jewish refugees relocated to Israel. The immigrants came to Israel for differing reasons. Some believed in a Zionist ideology, while others moved to escape persecution. There were others that did it for the promise of a better life in Israel and a small number that were expelled from their homelands, such as British and French Jews in Egypt after the Suez Crisis.

question: The population of Israel rose from 800,000 to what between 1948 and 1958?, answer: two million | question: What ideology did some immigrants believe in?, answer: Zionist | question: Between 1948 and 1970, how many Jewish refugees relocated to Israel?, answer: 1,150,000
Consider a half-wave dipole designed to work with signals 1 m wavelength, meaning the antenna would be approximately 50 cm across. If the element has a length-to-diameter ratio of 1000, it will have an inherent resistance of about 63 ohms. Using the appropriate transmission wire or balun, we match that resistance to ensure minimum signal loss. Feeding that antenna with a current of 1 ampere will require 63 volts of RF, and the antenna will radiate 63 watts (ignoring losses) of radio frequency power. Now consider the case when the antenna is fed a signal with a wavelength of 1.25 m; in this case the reflected current would arrive at the feed out-of-phase with the signal, causing the net current to drop while the voltage remains the same. Electrically this appears to be a very high impedance. The antenna and transmission line no longer have the same impedance, and the signal will be reflected back into the antenna, reducing output. This could be addressed by changing the matching system between the antenna and transmission line, but that solution only works well at the new design frequency.

question: How big would an antenna be used to with with one m wavelengths?, answer: 50 cm | question: How could the rection of output be adressed by?, answer: changing the matching system | question: What unit is used to measure current?, answer: ampere | question: What effect occurs when the signal is reflected back into the antenna?, answer: reducing output
Consistent with Calvin's political ideas, Protestants created both the English and the American democracies. In seventeenth-century England, the most important persons and events in this process were the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell, John Milton, John Locke, the Glorious Revolution, the English Bill of Rights, and the Act of Settlement. Later, the British took their democratic ideals to their colonies, e.g. Australia, New Zealand, and India. In North America, Plymouth Colony (Pilgrim Fathers; 1620) and Massachusetts Bay Colony (1628) practised democratic self-rule and separation of powers. These Congregationalists were convinced that the democratic form of government was the will of God. The Mayflower Compact was a social contract.

question: Whose democracies were created by Protestants?, answer: the English and the American democracies | question: What democratic principles were followed by the Plymouth Colony?, answer: self-rule and separation of powers | question: Other than the U.S., to what colonies did the British export their democratic beliefs?, answer: Australia, New Zealand, and India | question: What group believed that democracy was the will of God?, answer: Congregationalists | question: What other group in America practiced self-rule and separation of powers?, answer: Massachusetts Bay Colony
Constantine successfully balanced his own role as an instrument of the pax deorum with the power of the Christian priesthoods in determining what was (in traditional Roman terms) auspicious - or in Christian terms, what was orthodox. The edict of Milan (313) redefined Imperial ideology as one of mutual toleration. Constantine had triumphed under the signum (sign) of the Christ: Christianity was therefore officially embraced along with traditional religions and from his new Eastern capital, Constantine could be seen to embody both Christian and Hellenic religious interests. He may have officially ended – or attempted to end – blood sacrifices to the genius of living emperors but his Imperial iconography and court ceremonial outstripped Diocletian's in their supra-human elevation of the Imperial hierarch. His later direct intervention in Church affairs proved a political masterstroke. Constantine united the empire as an absolute head of state, and on his death, he was honored as a Christian, Imperial, and "divus".

question: What edict defined imperial ideas as being those of toleration?, answer: edict of Milan | question: How did Constantine accept Christianity?, answer: officially | question: Besides the acceptance of Christianity, what other religious cults were tolerated?, answer: traditional religions | question: As what type of ruler did Constantine unite the empire and church?, answer: absolute head of state | question: As what was Constantine honored when he died?, answer: Christian, Imperial, and "divus"
Constantine the Great, who along with Licinius had decreed toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire by what is commonly called the "Edict of Milan", and was the first Roman Emperor baptized, set precedents for later policy. By Roman law the Emperor was Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum) of all recognized religions in ancient Rome. To put an end to the doctrinal debate initiated by Arius, Constantine called the first of what would afterwards be called the ecumenical councils and then enforced orthodoxy by Imperial authority.

question: Who was the first Roman Emporor that was baptized?, answer: Constantine the Great | question: What did Constantine the Great and Licinius pass to introduce toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire?, answer: Edict of Milan | question: What was the high priest in the College of Pontiffs called?, answer: Pontifex Maximus | question: What were the meetings called that were hosted by Constantine that helped enforce orthodoxy by Imperial authority?, answer: the ecumenical councils
Constantine's nephew Julian rejected the "Galilean madness" of his upbringing for an idiosyncratic synthesis of neo-Platonism, Stoic asceticism and universal solar cult. Julian became Augustus in 361 and actively but vainly fostered a religious and cultural pluralism, attempting a restitution of non-Christian practices and rights. He proposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem's temple as an Imperial project and argued against the "irrational impieties" of Christian doctrine. His attempt to restore an Augustan form of principate, with himself as primus inter pares ended with his death in 363 in Persia, after which his reforms were reversed or abandoned. The empire once again fell under Christian control, this time permanently.

question: Who rejected the Christian religion?, answer: Julian | question: When did Julian become Augustus?, answer: 361 | question: What did Julian try to restore to the empire?, answer: non-Christian practices | question: What building did Julian want to rebuild?, answer: Jerusalem's temple | question: After Julian's death, under to what type of religion did the empire return?, answer: Christian control
Constantius, ordered Liberius into exile in 356 giving him, then, three days to comply. He was ordered into banishment to Beroea, in Thrace; Beroea (Thrace). He sent expensive presents, too, if he were to accept the Arian position but were refused. He sent him, indeed, five hundred pieces of gold "to bear his charges" but Liberius refused them, saying, he might bestow them on his flatters; as he did also a like present from the empress, bidding the messenger learn to believe in Christ, and not to persecute the Church of God. Attempts were made to leave the presents in The Church, but Liberius threw them out. Constantius hereupon sent for him under a strict guard to Milan, where, in a conference recorded by Theodoret, he boldly told Constantius that Athanasius had been acquitted at Sardica, and his enemies proved calumniators (see: "calumny") and impostors, and that it was unjust to condemn a person who could not be legally convicted of any crime. The emperor was reduced to silence on every article, but being the more out of patience, ordered him into banishment. Liberius went into exile. Constantius, after two years went to Rome to celebrate the twentieth year of his reign. The ladies joined in a petition to him that he would restore Liberius. He assented, upon condition that he should comply with the bishops, then, at court. He subscribed the condemnation of Athanasius, and a confession or creed which had been framed by the Arians at Sirmium. And he no sooner had recovered his see that he declared himself for the Creed of Niceae, as Theodoret testifies. (Theodoret, Hist. lib. ii. c. 17.). The Emperor knew what he wanted people to believe. So did the bishops at his court. Athanasius stuck by the orthodox creed. Constantius was an avowed Arian, became sole ruler in 350, at the death of his brother, Constans.

question: Who tried to bribe Liberius?, answer: Constantius | question: How much warning was Liberius given before his exile?, answer: three days | question: Where did Liberius go?, answer: Beroea | question: Did bribery work in convincing Liberius to believe the Arians?, answer: were refused | question: What did Liberius have to promise to do in order to return?, answer: comply with the bishops
Constantius, renewing his previous policies favoring the Arians, banished Athanasius from Alexandria once again. This was followed, in 356, by an attempt to arrest Athanasius during a vigil service. Athanasius fled to Upper Egypt, where he stayed in several monasteries and other houses. During this period, Athanasius completed his work Four Orations against the Arians and defended his own recent conduct in the Apology to Constantius and Apology for His Flight. Constantius's persistence in his opposition to Athanasius, combined with reports Athanasius received about the persecution of non-Arians by the new Arian bishop George of Laodicea, prompted Athanasius to write his more emotional History of the Arians, in which he described Constantius as a precursor of the Antichrist.

question: Who had a policy of condemning Athanasius?, answer: the Arians | question: What was Athanasius doing the next time an arrest was attempted?, answer: a vigil service | question: Where did Athanasius flee to after this attempt?, answer: Upper Egypt | question: In which work did he refer to Constantius as a precursor of the Antichrist?, answer: History of the Arians | question: What did he write during this time?, answer: Four Orations against the Arians
Constitutional changes voted on 19 March 2007 prohibited parties from using religion as a basis for political activity, allowed the drafting of a new anti-terrorism law, authorised broad police powers of arrest and surveillance, and gave the president power to dissolve parliament and end judicial election monitoring. In 2009, Dr. Ali El Deen Hilal Dessouki, Media Secretary of the National Democratic Party (NDP), described Egypt as a "pharaonic" political system, and democracy as a "long-term goal". Dessouki also stated that "the real center of power in Egypt is the military".

question: What did constitutional changes in 2007 prohibit?, answer: parties from using religion as a basis for political activity | question: What was Dr. Ali El Deen Hilal Dessouki's position?, answer: Media Secretary of the National Democratic Party | question: What was the long term goal for Egypt?, answer: democracy | question: What presidential powers were included in 2007 law changes?, answer: power to dissolve parliament and end judicial election monitoring
Construction began in 1941 of two airbases consisting of 5.8 km2 (2.2 sq mi) of land, largely reclaimed from the sea. For many years, Bermuda's bases were used by US Air Force transport and refuelling aircraft and by US Navy aircraft patrolling the Atlantic for enemy submarines, first German and, later, Soviet. The principal installation, Kindley Air Force Base on the eastern coast, was transferred to the US Navy in 1970 and redesignated Naval Air Station Bermuda. As a naval air station, the base continued to host both transient and deployed USN and USAF aircraft, as well as transitioning or deployed Royal Air Force and Canadian Forces aircraft.

question: What did the US begin building in 1941?, answer: two airbases | question: Who primarily used the bases in Bermuda?, answer: US Air Force transport and refuelling aircraft and by US Navy aircraft | question: What was the navy patrolling for?, answer: enemy submarines, first German and, later, Soviet | question: What was the Naval Air Station Bermuda originally?, answer: Kindley Air Force Base | question: What is the Naval Air Station used for?, answer: host both transient and deployed USN and USAF aircraft, as well as transitioning or deployed Royal Air Force and Canadian Forces aircraft.
Construction is currently underway on the Miami Intermodal Center and Miami Central Station, a massive transportation hub servicing Metrorail, Amtrak, Tri-Rail, Metrobus, Greyhound Lines, taxis, rental cars, MIA Mover, private automobiles, bicycles and pedestrians adjacent to Miami International Airport. Completion of the Miami Intermodal Center is expected to be completed by winter 2011, and will serve over 150,000 commuters and travelers in the Miami area. Phase I of Miami Central Station is scheduled to begin service in the spring of 2012, and Phase II in 2013.

question: What year was to see the completion of the Miami Intermodal Center?, answer: 2011 | question: When was Phase II of the Miami Center Station supposed to enter service?, answer: 2013 | question: Approximately how many people were intended to use Miami Intermodal Center?, answer: 150,000 | question: What airport is Miami Intermodal Center next to?, answer: Miami International | question: What part of 2012 was to have seen Phase I of Miami Central Station begin?, answer: spring
Construction of the chapel, originally intended to be slightly over twice as long, with eighteen - or possibly seventeen - bays (there are eight today) was stopped when Henry VI was deposed. Only the Quire of the intended building was completed. Eton's first Headmaster, William Waynflete, founder of Magdalen College, Oxford and previously Head Master of Winchester College, built the ante-chapel that finishes the Chapel today. The important wall paintings in the Chapel and the brick north range of the present School Yard also date from the 1480s; the lower storeys of the cloister, including College Hall, had been built between 1441 and 1460.

question: Who was Eton's first Headmaster?, answer: William Waynflete | question: How old are the wall paintings in the Chapel and School Yard?, answer: 1480s | question: Between what years was College Hall built?, answer: 1441 and 1460 | question: How many bays was the chapel originially intended to have?, answer: eighteen - or possibly seventeen | question: How many bays does the chapel have today?, answer: eight