lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
A desire to be closer to the urban scene has also attracted some young professionals to reside in inner ring suburbs such as Grosse Pointe and Royal Oak, Detroit. Detroit's proximity to Windsor, Ontario, provides for views and nightlife, along with Ontario's minimum drinking age of 19. A 2011 study by Walk Score recognized Detroit for its above average walkability among large U.S. cities. About two-thirds of suburban residents occasionally dine and attend cultural events or take in professional games in the city of Detroit.

question: Which city has a lower than usual drinking age?, answer: Windsor, Ontario | question: How many suburban residents take in Detroit's entertainment options?, answer: two-thirds | question: Who conducted a study about Detroit's walk-ability?, answer: Walk Score
A developed country with an advanced, high-income economy and high living standards, Estonia ranks very high in the Human Development Index, and performs favourably in measurements of economic freedom, civil liberties, education, and press freedom (third in the world in 2012). Estonia has been among the fastest growing economies in the European Union and is a part of the World Trade Organization and the Nordic Investment Bank. Estonia is often described as one of the most internet-focused countries in Europe.

question: What features describe Estonia as a developed nation?, answer: high-income economy and high living standards | question: What standard of living does Estonia rank well in?, answer: the Human Development Index | question: What country performs well in evaluation of economic freedom, civil liberties, and education?, answer: Estonia | question: What year did Estonia rank third in press freedom?, answer: 2012 | question: What financial institution is associated with Estonia?, answer: the Nordic Investment Bank
A dialect is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (phonology, including prosody). Where a distinction can be made only in terms of pronunciation (including prosody, or just prosody itself), the term accent may be preferred over dialect. Other types of speech varieties include jargons, which are characterized by differences in lexicon (vocabulary); slang; patois; pidgins; and argots.

question: Along with grammar and pronunciation, what distinguishes a dialect?, answer: vocabulary | question: If only the pronunciation differs from the standard language, what term is sometimes used?, answer: accent | question: What term is sometimes used for dialects that only differ in vocabulary?, answer: jargons | question: Along with slangs, patois and pidgins, what is another type of smiilar speech variety?, answer: argots
A different format, CD-4 (not to be confused with compact disc), by RCA, encoded the front-rear difference information on an ultrasonic carrier, which required a special wideband cartridge to capture it on carefully calibrated pickup arm/turntable combinations. CD-4 was even less successful than the two matrixed formats. (A further problem was that no cutting heads were available that could handle the HF information. That was remedied by cutting at half the speed. Later, the special half-speed cutting heads and equalization techniques were employed to get a wider frequency response in stereo with reduced distortion and greater headroom.)

question: What was a major issue with CD-4 technology?, answer: no cutting heads were available that could handle the HF information | question: How widespread was the success of CD-4 format?, answer: even less successful than the two matrixed formats | question: What format was less successful than quadraphonic?, answer: CD-4 | question: What were potential benefits of the CD-4 format?, answer: reduced distortion and greater headroom | question: Who created the CD-4 format?, answer: RCA
A dispute during the Lausanne Congress of Supreme Councils of 1875 prompted the Grand Orient de France to commission a report by a Protestant pastor which concluded that, as Freemasonry was not a religion, it should not require a religious belief. The new constitutions read, "Its principles are absolute liberty of conscience and human solidarity", the existence of God and the immortality of the soul being struck out. It is possible that the immediate objections of the United Grand Lodge of England were at least partly motivated by the political tension between France and Britain at the time. The result was the withdrawal of recognition of the Grand Orient of France by the United Grand Lodge of England, a situation that continues today.

question: Why did the Grand Orient de France conclude that Freemasonry shouldn't require religious belief?, answer: Freemasonry was not a religion | question: What was removed from the Freemasonry constitution?, answer: existence of God and the immortality of the soul | question: Who withdrew recognition from the Grand Orient de France?, answer: United Grand Lodge of England | question: What was a possible condition that made the United Grand Lodge of England withdraw it's recognition of the Grand Orient de France?, answer: political tension between France and Britain | question: How was the belief of the existance of God and the immortal soul replaced in the constitution?, answer: Its principles are absolute liberty of conscience and human solidarity | question: What year was it ruled that Freemasonry was not a religion?, answer: 1875 | question: What Grand Lodge had a withdrawal of recognition by the United Grand Lodge of England?, answer: Grand Orient of France | question: What was a motivation of the Grand Lodge of England's objection?, answer: political tension between France and Britain | question: Who disputed the Lausanne Congress of Supreme Councils?, answer: Grand Orient de France
A distinct Greek political identity re-emerged in the 11th century in educated circles and became more forceful after the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade in 1204, so that when the empire was revived in 1261, it became in many ways a Greek national state. That new notion of nationhood engendered a deep interest in the classical past culminating in the ideas of the Neoplatonist philosopher Gemistus Pletho, who abandoned Christianity. However, it was the combination of Orthodox Christianity with a specifically Greek identity that shaped the Greeks' notion of themselves in the empire's twilight years. The interest in the Classical Greek heritage was complemented by a renewed emphasis on Greek Orthodox identity, which was reinforced in the late Medieval and Ottoman Greeks' links with their fellow Orthodox Christians in the Russian Empire. These were further strengthened following the fall of the Empire of Trebizond in 1461, after which and until the second Russo-Turkish War of 1828-29 hundreds of thousands of Pontic Greeks fled or migrated from the Pontic Alps and Armenian Highlands to southern Russia and the Russian South Caucasus (see also Greeks in Russia, Greeks in Armenia, Greeks in Georgia, and Caucasian Greeks).

question: What caused the resurface of the Grecian monotony in politics ?, answer: the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade in 1204 | question: When did the nation reestablish itself ?, answer: empire was revived in 1261 | question: What was the specialty of great Pietho and what is famous for ?, answer: philosopher Gemistus Pletho, who abandoned Christianity. | question: What was bolstered by the the final downward spiral of the Empire of Trebizond ?, answer: interest in the Classical Greek heritage was complemented by a renewed emphasis on Greek Orthodox identity | question: Which factoring war was on gong in 1828 and shares the of a previous scuttle ? ?, answer: second Russo-Turkish War
A distinction can be made between emotional episodes and emotional dispositions. Emotional dispositions are also comparable to character traits, where someone may be said to be generally disposed to experience certain emotions. For example, an irritable person is generally disposed to feel irritation more easily or quickly than others do. Finally, some theorists place emotions within a more general category of "affective states" where affective states can also include emotion-related phenomena such as pleasure and pain, motivational states (for example, hunger or curiosity), moods, dispositions and traits.

question: What are emotional episodes defined in contrast to?, answer: emotional dispositions | question: What other traits are emotional dispositions similar to?, answer: character traits | question: What category is defined to contain pleasure, pain, motivation, moods and dispositions?, answer: affective states
A distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism is that unlike many other forms of federalism, it is asymmetric. Article 370 makes special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession. Article 371 makes special provisions for the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Sikkim as per their accession or state-hood deals. Also one more aspect of Indian federalism is system of President's Rule in which the central government (through its appointed Governor) takes control of state's administration for certain months when no party can form a government in the state or there is violent disturbance in the state.

question: What is a distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism?, answer: asymmetric | question: What does Article 370 say?, answer: special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession | question: What does Article 371 say?, answer: special provisions for the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Sikkim | question: What happens with President's Rule?, answer: the central government (through its appointed Governor) takes control of state's administration for certain months
A district of Himachal Pradesh is an administrative geographical unit, headed by a Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service. The district magistrate or the deputy commissioner is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Himachal Administrative Service and other Himachal state services. Each district is subdivided into Sub-Divisions, governed by a sub-divisional magistrate, and again into Blocks. Blocks consists of panchayats (village councils) and town municipalities. A Superintendent of Police, an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order and related issues of the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Himachal Police Service and other Himachal Police officials.

question: Who heads the Himachal Pradesh?, answer: Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate | question: Who maintains law and order?, answer: Superintendent of Police | question: Who assists the Superintendent of Police?, answer: the officers of the Himachal Police Service and other Himachal Police officials.
A diverse range of indigenous cultures exist in Myanmar, the majority culture is primarily Buddhist and Bamar. Bamar culture has been influenced by the cultures of neighbouring countries. This is manifested in its language, cuisine, music, dance and theatre. The arts, particularly literature, have historically been influenced by the local form of Theravada Buddhism. Considered the national epic of Myanmar, the Yama Zatdaw, an adaptation of India's Ramayana, has been influenced greatly by Thai, Mon, and Indian versions of the play. Buddhism is practised along with nat worship, which involves elaborate rituals to propitiate one from a pantheon of 37 nats.

question: What are the pervasive culture that is sanctioned in Burma ?, answer: the majority culture is primarily Buddhist and Bamar. | question: Have these cultures developed on there own over time ?, answer: Bamar culture has been influenced by the cultures of neighbouring countries | question: What type of effect did Theravada Buddhism.have on Bamar?, answer: The arts, particularly literature, have historically been influenced by the local form of Theravada Buddhism | question: What is the connection between an insect that has devotional following and Buddhism ?, answer: Buddhism is practised along with nat worship, which involves elaborate rituals to propitiate one from a pantheon of 37 nats.
A dramatic example of the effect of food processing on a population's health is the history of epidemics of beri-beri in people subsisting on polished rice. Removing the outer layer of rice by polishing it removes with it the essential vitamin thiamine, causing beri-beri. Another example is the development of scurvy among infants in the late 19th century in the United States. It turned out that the vast majority of sufferers were being fed milk that had been heat-treated (as suggested by Pasteur) to control bacterial disease. Pasteurisation was effective against bacteria, but it destroyed the vitamin C.

question: What did people who became ill with beri-beri have as their main food source?, answer: polished rice | question: What vitamin is removed during the polishing of rice?, answer: thiamine | question: Which disease became prevalent among infants in the United States as an effect of processed foods?, answer: scurvy | question: What treatment did the milk that was fed to infants undergo to control bacterial disease?, answer: Pasteurisation | question: What was destroyed during the pasteurisation of the milk?, answer: vitamin C
A elevator of this kind uses a vacuum on top of the cab and a valve on the top of the "shaft" to move the cab upwards and closes the valve in order to keep the cab at the same level. a diaphragm or a piston is used as a "brake" if there's a sudden increase in pressure avove the cab. however, to go down, it opens the valve so that the air can pressurize the top of the "shaft", allowing the cab to go down by its own weight. this also means that in case of a power failure, the cab will automatically go down. the "shaft" is made of acrilic, is always round, due to the shape of the vacuum pump turbine. in order to keep the air inside of the cab, rubber seals are used. due to technical limitations, these elevators have a low capacity. they usually allow 1-3 passengers and up to 525 lbs.

question: What does this type of elevator use to propel the cage?, answer: a vacuum on top of the cab and a valve on the top of the "shaft" | question: For sudden surges in pressure above the cab, what is used as a "brake"?, answer: a diaphragm or a piston | question: How does it enable the cab to go down by it's own weight?, answer: it opens the valve so that the air can pressurize the top of the "shaft" | question: What is the shaft made of?, answer: acrilic | question: How much weight is permitted on a low capacity elevator?, answer: up to 525 lbs
A famous example of Arabic poetry and Persian poetry on romance (love) is Layla and Majnun, dating back to the Umayyad era in the 7th century. It is a tragic story of undying love much like the later Romeo and Juliet, which was itself said to have been inspired by a Latin version of Layla and Majnun to an extent. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, the national epic of Iran, is a mythical and heroic retelling of Persian history. Amir Arsalan was also a popular mythical Persian story, which has influenced some modern works of fantasy fiction, such as The Heroic Legend of Arslan.

question: Layla and Majnun is an example of what kind of poetry?, answer: Arabic poetry and Persian poetry | question: Which era is Layla and Majnun from?, answer: Umayyad era | question: In what century does Layla and Majnun originate?, answer: 7th century | question: What kind of story is told in Shahnameh?, answer: a mythical and heroic retelling of Persian history | question: Who wrote Shahnameh?, answer: Ferdowsi
A famous example of Spielberg working with the same professionals is his long-time collaboration with John Williams and the use of his musical scores in all of his films since The Sugarland Express (except Bridge of Spies, The Color Purple and Twilight Zone: The Movie). One of Spielberg's trademarks is his use of music by Williams to add to the visual impact of his scenes and to try and create a lasting picture and sound of the film in the memories of the film audience. These visual scenes often uses images of the sun (e.g. Empire of the Sun, Saving Private Ryan, the final scene of Jurassic Park, and the end credits of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (where they ride into the sunset)), of which the last two feature a Williams score at that end scene. Spielberg is a contemporary of filmmakers George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, John Milius, and Brian De Palma, collectively known as the "Movie Brats". Aside from his principal role as a director, Spielberg has acted as a producer for a considerable number of films, including early hits for Joe Dante and Robert Zemeckis. Spielberg has often never worked with the same screenwriter in his films, beside Tony Kushner and David Koepp, who have written a few of his films more than once.

question: What are the only Spielberg films since Sugarland Express to not have music by John Williams?, answer: Bridge of Spies, The Color Purple and Twilight Zone: The Movie | question: What happens at the end of 'Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'?, answer: they ride into the sunset | question: Who are the 'Movie Brats', besides Spielberg?, answer: George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, John Milius, and Brian De Palma | question: Who are the only screenwriters Spielberg has worked with on more than one film?, answer: Tony Kushner and David Koepp
A fervent follower of the absolutist cause, Elío had played an important role in the repression of the supporters of the Constitution of 1812. For this, he was arrested in 1820 and executed in 1822 by garroting. Conflict between absolutists and liberals continued, and in the period of conservative rule called the Ominous Decade (1823–1833), which followed the Trienio Liberal, there was ruthless repression by government forces and the Catholic Inquisition. The last victim of the Inquisition was Gaietà Ripoli, a teacher accused of being a deist and a Mason who was hanged in Valencia in 1824.

question: Who helped repress the supporters of the Constitution and was later executed for it?, answer: Elío | question: When was Elio killed?, answer: 1822 | question: How was Elio executed?, answer: by garroting | question: What are the years from 1823-1833 called?, answer: Ominous Decade | question: Who was the last person killed by the Inquisition?, answer: Gaietà Ripoli
A few centuries later, coinciding with the first waves of the invading Germanic peoples (Suevi, Vandals and Alans, and later the Visigoths) and the power vacuum left by the demise of the Roman imperial administration, the church assumed the reins of power in the city and replaced the old Roman temples with religious buildings. With the Byzantine invasion of the southwestern Iberian peninsula in 554 the city acquired strategic importance. After the expulsion of the Byzantines in 625, Visigothic military contingents were posted there and the ancient Roman amphitheatre was fortified. Little is known of its history for nearly a hundred years; although this period is only scarcely documented by archeology, excavations suggest that there was little development of the city. During Visigothic times Valencia was an episcopal See of the Catholic Church, albeit a suffragan diocese subordinate to the archdiocese of Toledo, comprising the ancient Roman province of Carthaginensis in Hispania.

question: When did the Byzantines invade the Iberian peninsula?, answer: 554 | question: When were the Byzantines expelled?, answer: 625 | question: What archdiocese was Valencia under during the time of the Visigoths?, answer: Toledo | question: Who took power in Valencia after the Roman administration was gone?, answer: the church | question: After the Byzantines left, who was stationed in Valencia?, answer: Visigothic military contingents
A few days before the fall of the city, the National Government of China was relocated to the southwestern city Chungking (Chongqing) and resumed Chinese resistance. In 1940, a Japanese-collaborationist government known as the "Nanjing Regime" or "Reorganized National Government of China" led by Wang Jingwei was established in Nanjing as a rival to Chiang Kai-shek's government in Chongqing. In 1946, after the Surrender of Japan, the KMT relocated its central government back to Nanjing.

question: When was the National Government of China moved to Chungking?, answer: A few days before the fall of the city | question: When was the Nanjing Regime established?, answer: 1940 | question: Who was the leader of the Nanjing Regime?, answer: Wang Jingwei | question: When did the KMT move back to Nanjing?, answer: 1946 | question: What was another name for the Nanjing Regime?, answer: "Reorganized National Government of China"
A few glaciers have periods of very rapid advancement called surges. These glaciers exhibit normal movement until suddenly they accelerate, then return to their previous state. During these surges, the glacier may reach velocities far greater than normal speed. These surges may be caused by failure of the underlying bedrock, the pooling of meltwater at the base of the glacier — perhaps delivered from a supraglacial lake — or the simple accumulation of mass beyond a critical "tipping point". Temporary rates up to 90 m (300 ft) per day have occurred when increased temperature or overlying pressure caused bottom ice to melt and water to accumulate beneath a glacier.

question: What is a glacial surge?, answer: periods of very rapid advancement | question: What failure causes surges?, answer: failure of the underlying bedrock | question: At what rate have glaciers travelled during surges?, answer: 90 m (300 ft) per day