lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
I-275 runs north–south from I-75 in the south to the junction of I-96 and I-696 in the north, providing a bypass through the western suburbs of Detroit. I-375 is a short spur route in downtown Detroit, an extension of the Chrysler Freeway. I-696 (Reuther Freeway) runs east–west from the junction of I-96 and I-275, providing a route through the northern suburbs of Detroit. Taken together, I-275 and I-696 form a semicircle around Detroit. Michigan state highways designated with the letter M serve to connect major freeways.

question: Which highway is an extension of the Chrysler Freeway?, answer: I-375 | question: What is I-696 called?, answer: Reuther Freeway | question: Which highway runs through the northern suburbs of Detroit?, answer: I-696 | question: Michigan uses what letter to designate roads that connect major highways?, answer: M | question: Which highway runs north from I-75 to the junction of I-96 and I-696?, answer: I-275
I-94 (Edsel Ford Freeway) runs east–west through Detroit and serves Ann Arbor to the west (where it continues to Chicago) and Port Huron to the northeast. The stretch of the current I-94 freeway from Ypsilanti to Detroit was one of America's earlier limited-access highways. Henry Ford built it to link the factories at Willow Run and Dearborn during World War II. A portion was known as the Willow Run Expressway. The I-96 freeway runs northwest–southeast through Livingston, Oakland and Wayne counties and (as the Jeffries Freeway through Wayne County) has its eastern terminus in downtown Detroit.

question: What is I-94 called?, answer: Edsel Ford Freeway | question: Who built I-94?, answer: Henry Ford | question: A part of I-94 was an example of what type of highway?, answer: limited-access | question: During which conflict was I-94 built?, answer: World War II
I/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world. Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called peripherals. On a typical personal computer, peripherals include input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and output devices such as the display and printer. Hard disk drives, floppy disk drives and optical disc drives serve as both input and output devices. Computer networking is another form of I/O.

question: Devices that give input or output to a computer are called what?, answer: peripherals | question: A mouse is what type of peripheral device?, answer: input | question: A printer is what type of peripheral device?, answer: output | question: Hard disk drives are what type of peripheral device?, answer: input and output | question: A keyboard is what type of peripheral device?, answer: input
IBM acquired Kenexa (2012) and SPSS (2009) and PwC's consulting business (2002), spinning off companies like printer manufacturer Lexmark (1991), and selling off product lines like its personal computer and x86 server businesses to Lenovo (2005, 2014). In 2014, IBM announced that it would go "fabless" by offloading IBM Micro Electronics semiconductor manufacturing to GlobalFoundries, a leader in advanced technology manufacturing, citing that semiconductor manufacturing is a capital-intensive business which is challenging to operate without scale. This transition had progressed as of early 2015[update].

question: In what year did IBM acquire Kenexa?, answer: 2012 | question: IBM made an acquisition in 2009, name it., answer: SPSS | question: IBM span off its printer manufacturer in 1991, what was its name?, answer: Lexmark | question: IBM sold two product lines to Lenovo, name them., answer: personal computer and x86 server | question: What was the name of the company that IBM Micro Electronics was offloaded to?, answer: GlobalFoundries
IBM also had their own DBMS in 1966, known as Information Management System (IMS). IMS was a development of software written for the Apollo program on the System/360. IMS was generally similar in concept to CODASYL, but used a strict hierarchy for its model of data navigation instead of CODASYL's network model. Both concepts later became known as navigational databases due to the way data was accessed, and Bachman's 1973 Turing Award presentation was The Programmer as Navigator. IMS is classified[by whom?] as a hierarchical database. IDMS and Cincom Systems' TOTAL database are classified as network databases. IMS remains in use as of 2014[update].

question: What was the DBMS created by IBM called?, answer: Information Management System (IMS) | question: What was the purpose of the IBM DBMS?, answer: the Apollo program | question: What is the classification of IMS?, answer: hierarchical database | question: What was the name of Bachman's Turing Award presentation in 1973?, answer: The Programmer as Navigator
IBM also holds the SmartCamp program globally. The program searches for fresh start-up companies that IBM can partner with to solve world problems. IBM holds 17 SmartCamp events around the world. Since July 2011, IBM has partnered with Pennies, the electronic charity box, and produced a software solution for IBM retail customers that provides an easy way to donate money when paying in-store by credit or debit card. Customers donate just a few pence (1p-99p) a time and every donation goes to UK charities.

question: What is the name of the program that IBM uses to search for new start-up companies to solve world problems?, answer: SmartCamp | question: How many SmartCamp events does IBM hold worldwide?, answer: 17 | question: Who has IBM partnered with to allow retail shoppers to easily donate money?, answer: Pennies | question: Charities of which nation benefit from the IBM partnership with Pennies?, answer: UK | question: What company is known for the electronic charity box?, answer: Pennies
IBM announced it will launch its new software, called "Open Client Offering" which is to run on Linux, Microsoft Windows and Apple's Mac OS X. The company states that its new product allows businesses to offer employees a choice of using the same software on Windows and its alternatives. This means that "Open Client Offering" is to cut costs of managing whether to use Linux or Apple relative to Windows. There will be no necessity for companies to pay Microsoft for its licenses for operating systems since the operating systems will no longer rely on software which is Windows-based. One alternative to Microsoft's office document formats is the Open Document Format software, whose development IBM supports. It is going to be used for several tasks like: word processing, presentations, along with collaboration with Lotus Notes, instant messaging and blog tools as well as an Internet Explorer competitor – the Mozilla Firefox web browser. IBM plans to install Open Client on 5% of its desktop PCs. The Linux offering has been made available as the IBM Client for Smart Work product on the Ubuntu and Red Hat Enterprise Linux platforms.

question: What will Open Client Offering run on?, answer: Linux, Microsoft Windows and Apple's Mac OS X | question: What is an alternative to the Office document format from Microsoft?, answer: Open Document Format software | question: What percentage of its desktop PCs does IBM plan to install Open Client on to?, answer: 5% | question: Which platforms did IBM begin offering the IBM Client for Smart Work on?, answer: Ubuntu and Red Hat Enterprise Linux | question: What web browser does the Open Document Format have compatibility with?, answer: Mozilla Firefox
IBM has 12 research laboratories worldwide, bundled into IBM Research. As of 2013[update] the company held the record for most patents generated by a business for 22 consecutive years. Its employees have garnered five Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, ten National Medals of Technology and five National Medals of Science. Notable company inventions or developments include the automated teller machine (ATM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the Universal Product Code (UPC), the financial swap, the Fortran programming language, SABRE airline reservation system, dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), copper wiring in semiconductors, the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) semiconductor manufacturing process, and Watson artificial intelligence.

question: Under what name do research laboratories operated by IBM work under?, answer: IBM Research | question: How many research labs does IBM have world wide?, answer: 12 research laboratories worldwide | question: In 2013 how many years had IBM generated the most patents by a business?, answer: 22 consecutive years | question: How many Nobel Prizes have been won by IBM employees?, answer: five Nobel Prizes | question: This IBM invention is known by the acronym UPC, what is the full name?, answer: Universal Product Code
IBM has been a leading proponent of the Open Source Initiative, and began supporting Linux in 1998. The company invests billions of dollars in services and software based on Linux through the IBM Linux Technology Center, which includes over 300 Linux kernel developers. IBM has also released code under different open source licenses, such as the platform-independent software framework Eclipse (worth approximately US$40 million at the time of the donation), the three-sentence International Components for Unicode (ICU) license, and the Java-based relational database management system (RDBMS) Apache Derby. IBM's open source involvement has not been trouble-free, however (see SCO v. IBM).

question: IBM began supporting this in 1998., answer: Linux | question: 300 Linux kernel developers work here., answer: the IBM Linux Technology Center | question: IBM created the software framework known as?, answer: Eclipse | question: What is a notable legal case involving open source and IBM?, answer: SCO v. IBM | question: What does RDBMS refer to?, answer: relational database management system
IBM has constantly evolved since its inception. Over the past decade, it has steadily shifted its business mix by exiting commoditizing markets such as PCs, hard disk drives and DRAMs and focusing on higher-value, more profitable markets such as business intelligence, data analytics, business continuity, security, cloud computing, virtualization and green solutions, resulting in a higher quality revenue stream and higher profit margins. IBM's operating margin expanded from 16.8% in 2004 to 24.3% in 2013, and net profit margins expanded from 9.0% in 2004 to 16.5% in 2013.

question: What was IBM's operating margin in 2004?, answer: 16.8% | question: What were the net profit margins of IBM in 2004?, answer: 9.0% | question: IBM's net profit margins were 16.5% in what year?, answer: 2013 | question: IBM's operating margin in 2013 was what?, answer: 24.3% | question: IBM focusing on markets like business continuity, business intelligence, security, and cloud computing is an example of IBM doing what?, answer: exiting commoditizing markets
IBM started working on a prototype system loosely based on Codd's concepts as System R in the early 1970s. The first version was ready in 1974/5, and work then started on multi-table systems in which the data could be split so that all of the data for a record (some of which is optional) did not have to be stored in a single large "chunk". Subsequent multi-user versions were tested by customers in 1978 and 1979, by which time a standardized query language – SQL[citation needed] – had been added. Codd's ideas were establishing themselves as both workable and superior to CODASYL, pushing IBM to develop a true production version of System R, known as SQL/DS, and, later, Database 2 (DB2).

question: What is the system IBM created using Codd's research?, answer: System R | question: When was IBM's system released?, answer: 1974/5 | question: What did System R work on to change the way data was stored?, answer: multi-table systems | question: When customers first tested IBM's system, what computer language had been added?, answer: SQL | question: What was the name of the database product created by IBM?, answer: SQL/DS, and, later, Database 2 (DB2)
IBM was among the first corporations to provide group life insurance (1934), survivor benefits (1935) and paid vacations (1937). In 1932 IBM created an Education Department to oversee training for employees, which oversaw the completion of the IBM Schoolhouse at Endicott in 1933. In 1935, the employee magazine Think was created. Also that year, IBM held its first training class for female systems service professionals. In 1942, IBM launched a program to train and employ disabled people in Topeka, Kansas. The next year classes began in New York City, and soon the company was asked to join the President's Committee for Employment of the Handicapped. In 1946, the company hired its first black salesman, 18 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 1947, IBM announced a Total and Permanent Disability Income Plan for employees. A vested rights pension was added to the IBM retirement plan. During IBM's management transformation in the 1990s revisions were made to these pension plans to reduce IBM's pension liabilities.

question: In what year did IBM begin to provide group life insurance?, answer: 1934 | question: IBM created a school house in 1933, what was its name?, answer: IBM Schoolhouse at Endicott | question: IBM employees created a magazine in 1935, what was its name?, answer: Think | question: What program did IBM launch in 1942?, answer: program to train and employ disabled people | question: What year did IBM hire its first black salesman?, answer: 1946
IBM's employee management practices can be traced back to its roots. In 1914, CEO Thomas J. Watson boosted company spirit by creating employee sports teams, hosting family outings, and furnishing a company band. IBM sports teams still continue in the present day; the IBM Big Blue continue to exist as semi-professional company rugby and American football teams. In 1924 the Quarter Century Club, which recognizes employees with 25 years of service, was organized and the first issue of Business Machines, IBM's internal publication, was published. In 1925, the first meeting of the Hundred Percent Club, composed of IBM salesmen who meet their quotas, convened in Atlantic City, New Jersey.

question: Who was the CEO in 1914?, answer: Thomas J. Watson | question: The Quarter Century Club began in this year., answer: 1924 | question: What is the name of IBM's internal magazine?, answer: Business Machines | question: In 1925 the first meeting of this group occurred., answer: Hundred Percent Club | question: What is the Hundred Percent Club composed of?, answer: IBM salesmen who meet their quotas
IMF's forecast said that Greece's unemployment rate would hit the highest 14.8 percent in 2012 and decrease to 14.1 in 2014. But in fact, the Greek economy suffered a prolonged high unemployemnt. The unemployment figure was between 9 per cent and 11 per cent in 2009, and it soared to 28 per cent in 2013. In 2015, Greece's jobless rate is around 24 per cent. It is thought that Greece's potential output has been eroded by this prolonged massive unemployment due to the associated hysteresis effects.

question: What did IMF forecast Greece's unemployment rate to be in 2012?, answer: 14.8 percent | question: What was Greece's unemployment rate between in 2009?, answer: 9 per cent and 11 per cent | question: What did Greece's unemployment rate soar to in 2013?, answer: 28 per cent | question: What was Greece's jobless rate in 2015?, answer: 24 per cent | question: What is thought to have eroded Greece's potential output?, answer: prolonged massive unemployment
IN and OUT tokens contain a seven-bit device number and four-bit function number (for multifunction devices) and command the device to transmit DATAx packets, or receive the following DATAx packets, respectively. An IN token expects a response from a device. The response may be a NAK or STALL response, or a DATAx frame. In the latter case, the host issues an ACK handshake if appropriate. An OUT token is followed immediately by a DATAx frame. The device responds with ACK, NAK, NYET, or STALL, as appropriate.

question: IN and OUT tokens contain what?, answer: a seven-bit device number and four-bit function number | question: An IN token expects what?, answer: a response from a device | question: An OUT token is followed immediately by a what?, answer: DATAx frame
INTEGRIS Health owns several hospitals, including INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center, the INTEGRIS Cancer Institute of Oklahoma, and the INTEGRIS Southwest Medical Center. INTEGRIS Health operates hospitals, rehabilitation centers, physician clinics, mental health facilities, independent living centers and home health agencies located throughout much of Oklahoma. INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center was named in U.S. News & World Report's 2012 list of Best Hospitals. INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center ranks high-performing in the following categories: Cardiology and Heart Surgery; Diabetes and Endocrinology; Ear, Nose and Throat; Gastroenterology; Geriatrics; Nephrology; Orthopedics; Pulmonology and Urology.

question: Name a hospital owned by INTEGRIS Health?, answer: INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center | question: When was INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center part of U.S News and World Reports best Hospitals list?, answer: 2012
IR data transmission is also employed in short-range communication among computer peripherals and personal digital assistants. These devices usually conform to standards published by IrDA, the Infrared Data Association. Remote controls and IrDA devices use infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to emit infrared radiation that is focused by a plastic lens into a narrow beam. The beam is modulated, i.e. switched on and off, to encode the data. The receiver uses a silicon photodiode to convert the infrared radiation to an electric current. It responds only to the rapidly pulsing signal created by the transmitter, and filters out slowly changing infrared radiation from ambient light. Infrared communications are useful for indoor use in areas of high population density. IR does not penetrate walls and so does not interfere with other devices in adjoining rooms. Infrared is the most common way for remote controls to command appliances. Infrared remote control protocols like RC-5, SIRC, are used to communicate with infrared.

question: What is the IrDA?, answer: the Infrared Data Association | question: What does the acronym LEDs stand for?, answer: light-emitting diodes | question: What is a term for when something is switched on and off?, answer: modulated | question: What device is used to transform infrared radiation into an electric current?, answer: silicon photodiode | question: Why does infrared not cause trouble for devices in adjacent rooms?, answer: IR does not penetrate walls
ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP.

question: What is peering?, answer: multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points | question: What does peering allow?, answer: routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted | question: Why is peering used?, answer: data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP | question: What are IXs?, answer: Internet exchange points | question: Where do multiple ISPs connect?, answer: peering points or Internet exchange points
ISPs provide Internet access, employing a range of technologies to connect users to their network. Available technologies have ranged from computer modems with acoustic couplers to telephone lines, to television cable (CATV), wireless Ethernet (wi-fi), and fiber optics.

question: What do ISPs provide?, answer: Internet access | question: how do isps provide internet access?, answer: a range of technologies to connect users to their network | question: what is one type of technology used to connect to the internet?, answer: television cable (CATV) | question: what type of technology is used to connect to the internet wirelessly?, answer: wireless Ethernet (wi-fi) | question: what was an earlier technology used to connect to the internet?, answer: telephone lines
Ibn Khaldun can be regarded as the earliest scientific systematic sociologist. The modern sociology, emerged in the early 19th century as the academic response to the modernization of the world. Among many early sociologists (e.g., Émile Durkheim), the aim of sociology was in structuralism, understanding the cohesion of social groups, and developing an "antidote" to social disintegration. Max Weber was concerned with the modernization of society through the concept of rationalization, which he believed would trap individuals in an "iron cage" of rational thought. Some sociologists, including Georg Simmel and W. E. B. Du Bois, utilized more microsociological, qualitative analyses. This microlevel approach played an important role in American sociology, with the theories of George Herbert Mead and his student Herbert Blumer resulting in the creation of the symbolic interactionism approach to sociology.

question: What was Ibn Khaldun's profession?, answer: scientific systematic sociologist | question: When did modern sociology surface?, answer: early 19th century | question: What is the main goal of sociology?, answer: understanding the cohesion of social groups | question: How did Max Weber view rationalization?, answer: he believed would trap individuals in an "iron cage"
Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is regarded as the most influential philosopher of Islam. He pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials. His two most notable works in medicine are the Kitāb al-shifāʾ ("Book of Healing") and The Canon of Medicine, both of which were used as standard medicinal texts in both the Muslim world and in Europe well into the 17th century. Amongst his many contributions are the discovery of the contagious nature of infectious diseases, and the introduction of clinical pharmacology.

question: Who was most influential in Islamic philosophy?, answer: Ibn Sina | question: What method did Ibn Sina introduce?, answer: clinical trials | question: What does Kitab al-shifa mean?, answer: Book of Healing | question: The Kitab al-shifa and The Canon of Medicine are considered what?, answer: standard medicinal texts | question: What characteristic did Ibn Sina find out about infectious diseases?, answer: contagious
Ibn Sina created an extensive corpus of works during what is commonly known as the Islamic Golden Age, in which the translations of Greco-Roman, Persian, and Indian texts were studied extensively. Greco-Roman (Mid- and Neo-Platonic, and Aristotelian) texts translated by the Kindi school were commented, redacted and developed substantially by Islamic intellectuals, who also built upon Persian and Indian mathematical systems, astronomy, algebra, trigonometry and medicine. The Samanid dynasty in the eastern part of Persia, Greater Khorasan and Central Asia as well as the Buyid dynasty in the western part of Persia and Iraq provided a thriving atmosphere for scholarly and cultural development. Under the Samanids, Bukhara rivaled Baghdad as a cultural capital of the Islamic world.

question: What was the term used to describe the age in which Ibn Sina created a big body of work?, answer: the Islamic Golden Age | question: What is one example of the type of translations done in the Islamic Golden Age?, answer: Persian | question: What school translated Greco-Roman texts during the Islamic Golden Age?, answer: the Kindi school | question: What was one dynasty that provided a great atmosphere for cultural development?, answer: the Buyid dynasty | question: What city was known as a cultural capital of the Islamic world?, answer: Baghdad