lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Some reordering of the Thuringian states occurred during the German Mediatisation from 1795 to 1814, and the territory was included within the Napoleonic Confederation of the Rhine organized in 1806. The 1815 Congress of Vienna confirmed these changes and the Thuringian states' inclusion in the German Confederation; the Kingdom of Prussia also acquired some Thuringian territory and administered it within the Province of Saxony. The Thuringian duchies which became part of the German Empire in 1871 during the Prussian-led unification of Germany were Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and the two principalities of Reuss Elder Line and Reuss Younger Line. In 1920, after World War I, these small states merged into one state, called Thuringia; only Saxe-Coburg voted to join Bavaria instead. Weimar became the new capital of Thuringia. The coat of arms of this new state was simpler than they had been previously.

question: When was the German Mediatisation?, answer: 1795 to 1814 | question: When were the mediatisation changes confirmed?, answer: The 1815 Congress of Vienna | question: Which kingdom acquired some Thuringian territory?, answer: the Kingdom of Prussia | question: Who led the unification of Germany in 1871?, answer: Prussian-led | question: Which city became the capital of Thuringia after World War 1?, answer: Weimar
Some research suggests that "[f]or some [people] the focus of sexual interest will shift at various points through the life span..." "There... [was, as of 1995,] essentially no research on the longitudinal stability of sexual orientation over the adult life span... It [was]... still an unanswered question whether... [the] measure [of 'the complex components of sexual orientation as differentiated from other aspects of sexual identity at one point in time'] will predict future behavior or orientation. Certainly, it is... not a good predictor of past behavior and self-identity, given the developmental process common to most gay men and lesbians (i.e., denial of homosexual interests and heterosexual experimentation prior to the coming-out process)." Some studies report that "[a number of] lesbian women, and some heterosexual women as well, perceive choice as an important element in their sexual orientations."

question: Can a persons sexual interest change over different times in their life?, answer: Some research suggests that "[f]or some [people] the focus of sexual interest will shift at various points through the life span | question: Until 1995 what had no studies done concerning sexual orientation?, answer: longitudinal stability of sexual orientation over the adult life span. | question: What can possibly predict the future orientation a persons sexual idenity?, answer: . [the] measure [of 'the complex components of sexual orientation as differentiated from other aspects of sexual identity at one point in time'] | question: What do some lesbian woman see as important part of the sexual orientation?, answer: choice
Some researchers are now focusing on learning about how adolescents view their own relationships and sexuality; they want to move away from a research point of view that focuses on the problems associated with adolescent sexuality.[why?] College Professor Lucia O'Sullivan and her colleagues found that there weren't any significant gender differences in the relationship events adolescent boys and girls from grades 7-12 reported. Most teens said they had kissed their partners, held hands with them, thought of themselves as being a couple and told people they were in a relationship. This means that private thoughts about the relationship as well as public recognition of the relationship were both important to the adolescents in the sample. Sexual events (such as sexual touching, sexual intercourse) were less common than romantic events (holding hands) and social events (being with one's partner in a group setting). The researchers state that these results are important because the results focus on the more positive aspects of adolescents and their social and romantic interactions rather than focusing on sexual behavior and its consequences.

question: Did adolescents report more sexual or social events to researchers?, answer: social events | question: Why do researchers believe the social event reporting by adolescents (rather than sexual activity) is important?, answer: focus on the more positive aspects of adolescents | question: Holding hands with one's partner and telling others about a relationship are examples of what kind of adolescent event?, answer: romantic
Some researchers believe that the first Russian settlement in Alaska was established in the 17th century. According to this hypothesis, in 1648 several koches of Semyon Dezhnyov's expedition came ashore in Alaska by storm and founded this settlement. This hypothesis is based on the testimony of Chukchi geographer Nikolai Daurkin, who had visited Alaska in 1764–1765 and who had reported on a village on the Kheuveren River, populated by "bearded men" who "pray to the icons". Some modern researchers associate Kheuveren with Koyuk River.

question: During what time period do some researchers believe Russians settled in Alaska?, answer: 17th century | question: Whose expedidion potentially landed in Alaska during a storm and founded a settlement in 1648?, answer: Semyon Dezhnyov | question: Whom did Nikolai Durkin say lived in a village on the Kheuveren River?, answer: "bearded men" who "pray to the icons" | question: During which years did Nikolai Durkin visit Alaska?, answer: 1764–1765
Some researchers who study sexual orientation argue that the concept may not apply similarly to men and women. A study of sexual arousal patterns found that women, when viewing erotic films which show female-female, male-male and male-female sexual activity (oral sex or penetration), have patterns of arousal which do not match their declared sexual orientations as well as men's. That is, heterosexual and lesbian women's sexual arousal to erotic films do not differ significantly by the genders of the participants (male or female) or by the type of sexual activity (heterosexual or homosexual). On the contrary, men's sexual arousal patterns tend to be more in line with their stated orientations, with heterosexual men showing more penis arousal to female-female sexual activity and less arousal to female-male and male-male sexual stimuli, and homosexual and bisexual men being more aroused by films depicting male-male intercourse and less aroused by other stimuli.

question: What do some researchers argue about the idea of sexual orientation?, answer: the concept may not apply similarly to men and women | question: What have studies found about women and their believed sexual orientations?, answer: female-female, male-male and male-female sexual activity (oral sex or penetration), have patterns of arousal which do not match | question: What did the studies reveal about men and their declared sexual preference?, answer: men's sexual arousal patterns tend to be more in line with their stated orientations,
Some researchers, such as Bruce Bagemihl, have criticized the labels "heterosexual" and "homosexual" as confusing and degrading. Bagemihl writes, "...the point of reference for 'heterosexual' or 'homosexual' orientation in this nomenclature is solely the individual's genetic sex prior to reassignment (see for example, Blanchard et al. 1987, Coleman and Bockting, 1988, Blanchard, 1989). These labels thereby ignore the individual's personal sense of gender identity taking precedence over biological sex, rather than the other way around." Bagemihl goes on to take issue with the way this terminology makes it easy to claim transsexuals are really homosexual males seeking to escape from stigma.

question: What does Bruce criticize the labels heterosexual and homsexual as?, answer: confusing and degrading | question: What does Bruce Bagemilh write about the labels homosexual and heterosexual terms?, answer: . These labels thereby ignore the individual's personal sense of gender identity taking precedence over biological sex, rather than the other way around | question: What does Bagemihl say a major issue with this terminology is?, answer: it easy to claim transsexuals are really homosexual males seeking to escape from stigma.
Some rock formations in the path of a glacier are sculpted into small hills called roche moutonnée, or "sheepback" rock. Roche moutonnée are elongated, rounded, and asymmetrical bedrock knobs that can be produced by glacier erosion. They range in length from less than a meter to several hundred meters long. Roche moutonnée have a gentle slope on their up-glacier sides and a steep to vertical face on their down-glacier sides. The glacier abrades the smooth slope on the upstream side as it flows along, but tears loose and carries away rock from the downstream side via plucking.

question: What is another name for roche moutonnee?, answer: "sheepback" rock | question: What are roche moutonnee?, answer: elongated, rounded, and asymmetrical bedrock knobs that can be produced by glacier erosion | question: How large are roche moutonnee?, answer: less than a meter to several hundred meters long | question: What shape do roche moutonnee have on their "up" side?, answer: gentle slope | question: What shape do roche moutonnee have on their "down" side?, answer: steep to vertical face
Some rock musicians today use mandolins, often single-stringed electric models rather than double-stringed acoustic mandolins. One example is Tim Brennan of the Irish-American punk rock band Dropkick Murphys. In addition to electric guitar, bass, and drums, the band uses several instruments associated with traditional Celtic music, including mandolin, tin whistle, and Great Highland bagpipes. The band explains that these instruments accentuate the growling sound they favor. The 1991 R.E.M. hit "Losing My Religion" was driven by a few simple mandolin licks played by guitarist Peter Buck, who also played the mandolin in nearly a dozen other songs. The single peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart (#1 on the rock and alternative charts), Luther Dickinson of North Mississippi Allstars and The Black Crowes has made frequent use of the mandolin, most notably on the Black Crowes song "Locust Street." Armenian American rock group System of A Down makes extensive use of the mandolin on their 2005 double album Mezmerize/Hypnotize. Pop punk band Green Day has used a mandolin in several occasions, especially on their 2000 album, Warning. Boyd Tinsley, violin player of the Dave Matthews Band has been using an electric mandolin since 2005. Frontman Colin Meloy and guitarist Chris Funk of The Decemberists regularly employ the mandolin in the band's music. Nancy Wilson, rhythm guitarist of Heart, uses a mandolin in Heart's song "Dream of the Archer" from the album Little Queen, as well as in Heart's cover of Led Zeppelin's song "The Battle of Evermore." "Show Me Heaven" by Maria McKee, the theme song to the film Days of Thunder, prominently features a mandolin.

question: What type of mandolin do rock musicians today use?, answer: single-stringed electric | question: Which Irish-American punk band uses Mandolins?, answer: Dropkick Murphys | question: What REM song uses simple mandolin licks?, answer: Losing My Religion | question: What American rock band has extensive use of mandolins?, answer: System of A Down | question: What film's theme song uses a mandolin?, answer: Days of Thunder
Some scholars and organizations disagree with the notion of "separation of church and state", or the way the Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional limitation on religious establishment. Such critics generally argue that the phrase misrepresents the textual requirements of the Constitution, while noting that many aspects of church and state were intermingled at the time the Constitution was ratified. These critics argue that the prevalent degree of separation of church and state could not have been intended by the constitutional framers. Some of the intermingling between church and state include religious references in official contexts, and such other founding documents as the United States Declaration of Independence, which references the idea of a "Creator" and "Nature's God", though these references did not ultimately appear in the Constitution nor do they mention any particular religious view of a "Creator" or "Nature's God."

question: What do some organizations disagree with the notion of?, answer: separation of church and state | question: What do the critics argue the phrase misrepresents?, answer: the textual requirements of the Constitution | question: What do scholars also disagree with about the way the Supreme Court has interpreted what?, answer: constitutional limitation on religious establishment | question: What do critics note were intermingled at the time the Constitution was ratified?, answer: many aspects of church and state | question: What do these critics argue couldn't have been intended by the framers of the constitution?, answer: prevalent degree of separation of church and state
Some scholars believe that Modern Orthodoxy arose from the religious and social realities of Western European Jewry. While most Jews consider Modern Orthodoxy traditional today, some (the hareidi and hasidic groups) within the Orthodox community consider some elements to be of questionable validity. The neo-Orthodox movement holds that Hirsch's views are not accurately followed by Modern Orthodoxy. [See Torah im Derech Eretz and Torah Umadda "Relationship with Torah im Derech Eretz" for a more extensive listing.]

question: Who did the modern orthodoxy arise from?, answer: Western European Jewry | question: What do most Jews consider modern orthodoxy today?, answer: traditional | question: the neo-orthodox movement holds that who's views are not accurately followed by the mordern orthodoxy?, answer: Hirsch's
Some scholars[who?] suggest any labour by children aged 18 years or less is wrong since this encourages illiteracy, inhumane work and lower investment in human capital. Child labour, claim these activists, also leads to poor labour standards for adults, depresses the wages of adults in developing countries as well as the developed countries, and dooms the third world economies to low-skill jobs only capable of producing poor quality cheap exports. More children that work in poor countries, the fewer and worse-paid are the jobs for adults in these countries. In other words, there are moral and economic reasons that justify a blanket ban on labour from children aged 18 years or less, everywhere in the world.

question: What does child labour do for adults?, answer: leads to poor labour standards | question: What happens to the wages of adults?, answer: depresses the wages of adults in developing countries as well as the developed countries | question: What are the implications for third world countries with regards to child labour?, answer: low-skill jobs only capable of producing poor quality cheap exports | question: Does ending child labour have a global value?, answer: there are moral and economic reasons that justify a blanket ban on labour
Some scientific studies suggest that ozone depletion may have a dominant role in governing climatic change in Antarctica (and a wider area of the Southern Hemisphere). Ozone absorbs large amounts of ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere. Ozone depletion over Antarctica can cause a cooling of around 6 °C in the local stratosphere. This cooling has the effect of intensifying the westerly winds which flow around the continent (the polar vortex) and thus prevents outflow of the cold air near the South Pole. As a result, the continental mass of the East Antarctic ice sheet is held at lower temperatures, and the peripheral areas of Antarctica, especially the Antarctic Peninsula, are subject to higher temperatures, which promote accelerated melting. Models also suggest that the ozone depletion/enhanced polar vortex effect also accounts for the recent increase in sea ice just offshore of the continent.

question: In what do some scientists believe ozone depletion may have a role ?, answer: climatic change | question: How much cooling can ozone depletion cause over Antarctica?, answer: 6 °C | question: What light does ozone absorb?, answer: ultraviolet radiation | question: What can the wind changes due to cooling cause in the Antarctic ice?, answer: accelerated melting | question: What does ozone depletion cause in the southern atmosphere?, answer: enhanced polar vortex
Some sections of the state feature architectural styles including Spanish revival, Florida vernacular, and Mediterranean Revival Style. It has the largest collection of Art Deco and Streamline Moderne buildings in both the United States and the entire world, most of which are located in the Miami metropolitan area, especially Miami Beach's Art Deco District, constructed as the city was becoming a resort destination. A unique architectural design found only in Florida is the post-World War II Miami Modern, which can be seen in areas such as Miami's MiMo Historic District.

question: What architectural styles are in Florida, answer: architectural styles including Spanish revival, Florida vernacular, and Mediterranean Revival Style | question: When did the art deco area of Miami boom, answer: Miami Beach's Art Deco District, constructed as the city was becoming a resort destination | question: What does Florida have the largest collection of, answer: the largest collection of Art Deco and Streamline Moderne buildings in both the United States and the entire world, most of which are located in the Miami | question: What other Unique Architecture started in Miami after world war 2, answer: Miami Modern, which can be seen in areas such as Miami's MiMo Historic District.
Some skyscraper buildings and other types of installation feature a destination operating panel where a passenger registers their floor calls before entering the car. The system lets them know which car to wait for, instead of everyone boarding the next car. In this way, travel time is reduced as the elevator makes fewer stops for individual passengers, and the computer distributes adjacent stops to different cars in the bank. Although travel time is reduced, passenger waiting times may be longer as they will not necessarily be allocated the next car to depart. During the down peak period the benefit of destination control will be limited as passengers have a common destination.

question: What function does a "destination operating panel" feature?, answer: a passenger registers their floor calls before entering the car | question: What is another benefit of a "destination operating panel"?, answer: the computer distributes adjacent stops to different cars in the bank | question: What is one benefit of a "destination operating panel", answer: travel time is reduced as the elevator makes fewer stops for individual passengers | question: What is the downside to a :destination operating panel"?, answer: passenger waiting times may be longer as they will not necessarily be allocated the next car to depart
Some socialists such as H. D. Dickinson and Oskar Lange, responded by invoking general equilibrium theory, which they argued disproved Mises's thesis. They noted that the difference between a planned and a free market system lay in who was responsible for solving the equations. They argued, if some of the prices chosen by socialist managers were wrong, gluts or shortages would appear, signalling them to adjust the prices up or down, just as in a free market. Through such a trial and error, a socialist economy could mimic the efficiency of a free market system, while avoiding its many problems.

question: What did some socialists bring up as a rebuttal to Hayek's resource distribution argument?, answer: general equilibrium theory | question: What did socialists believe equilibrium theory invalidated?, answer: Mises's thesis | question: According to those who argued against Hayek, what sets planned and free markets apart is what?, answer: who was responsible for solving the equations | question: What type of economic system did the socialists want to avoid?, answer: free market
Some software assigned special meanings to ASCII characters sent to the software from the terminal. Operating systems from Digital Equipment Corporation, for example, interpreted DEL as an input character as meaning "remove previously-typed input character", and this interpretation also became common in Unix systems. Most other systems used BS for that meaning and used DEL to mean "remove the character at the cursor".[citation needed] That latter interpretation is the most common now.[citation needed]

question: What did some software do to the ASCII characters?, answer: assigned special meanings | question: What interpretation became common in Unix systmes?, answer: interpreted DEL as an input character as meaning "remove previously-typed input character" | question: What do most other systmes use the DEL to mean?, answer: remove the character at the cursor | question: What did other systmes us for "remove previously-typed input character"?, answer: BS
Some species of bacteria kill and then consume other microorganisms, these species are called predatory bacteria. These include organisms such as Myxococcus xanthus, which forms swarms of cells that kill and digest any bacteria they encounter. Other bacterial predators either attach to their prey in order to digest them and absorb nutrients, such as Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus, or invade another cell and multiply inside the cytosol, such as Daptobacter. These predatory bacteria are thought to have evolved from saprophages that consumed dead microorganisms, through adaptations that allowed them to entrap and kill other organisms.

question: Why are certain bacteria called predatory?, answer: bacteria kill and then consume other microorganisms | question: Which way do Vampirovibrio absorb nutrients of other microorganisms?, answer: attach to their prey in order to digest them | question: What technique do Daptobacter use in order to kill other microorganism?, answer: invade another cell and multiply inside the cytosol | question: Where do Daptobacter bacteria come from?, answer: saprophages
Some species of marine animals exist and rely, directly or indirectly, on the phytoplankton. Antarctic sea life includes penguins, blue whales, orcas, colossal squids and fur seals. The emperor penguin is the only penguin that breeds during the winter in Antarctica, while the Adélie penguin breeds farther south than any other penguin. The rockhopper penguin has distinctive feathers around the eyes, giving the appearance of elaborate eyelashes. King penguins, chinstrap penguins, and gentoo penguins also breed in the Antarctic.

question: What sea plankton doe many sea creatures rely on to live?, answer: phytoplankton | question: During what season does the emperor penguin breed?, answer: winter | question: What breed of penguin lives in Antarctica?, answer: emperor penguin | question: What feature does the rockhopper penguin have around its eyes?, answer: feathers | question: Which penguin breeds the furterest south of all the penguin breeds?, answer: Adélie