lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Most fatty acids are non-essential, meaning the body can produce them as needed, generally from other fatty acids and always by expending energy to do so. However, in humans, at least two fatty acids are essential and must be included in the diet. An appropriate balance of essential fatty acids—omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids—seems also important for health, although definitive experimental demonstration has been elusive. Both of these "omega" long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are substrates for a class of eicosanoids known as prostaglandins, which have roles throughout the human body. They are hormones, in some respects. The omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which can be made in the human body from the omega-3 essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), or taken in through marine food sources, serves as a building block for series 3 prostaglandins (e.g., weakly inflammatory PGE3). The omega-6 dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) serves as a building block for series 1 prostaglandins (e.g. anti-inflammatory PGE1), whereas arachidonic acid (AA) serves as a building block for series 2 prostaglandins (e.g. pro-inflammatory PGE 2). Both DGLA and AA can be made from the omega-6 linoleic acid (LA) in the human body, or can be taken in directly through food. An appropriately balanced intake of omega-3 and omega-6 partly determines the relative production of different prostaglandins, which is one reason why a balance between omega-3 and omega-6 is believed important for cardiovascular health. In industrialized societies, people typically consume large amounts of processed vegetable oils, which have reduced amounts of the essential fatty acids along with too much of omega-6 fatty acids relative to omega-3 fatty acids.

question: What does it mean when it is claimed that many fatty acids are non - essential?, answer: the body can produce them as needed | question: At least how many fatty acids are essential to the human health and have to be consumed rather than produced by the body?, answer: two | question: What does EPA stand for?, answer: eicosapentaenoic acid | question: Outside of consumption, what would be broken down in the body to obtain DGLA and AA?, answer: omega-6 linoleic acid | question: What do people consume that has low amounts of the necessary essential fatty acids?, answer: processed vegetable oils
Most feature movies shown during the prime time and early overnight hours (8:00 p.m. to 2:30 a.m. Eastern Time) are presented by film historian Robert Osborne (who has been with the network since its 1994 launch, except for a five-month medical leave from July to December 2011, when guest hosts presented each night's films) on Sunday through Wednesday evenings – with Osborne only presenting primetime films on weekends – and Ben Mankiewicz presenting only late evening films on Thursdays, and the "Silent Sunday Nights" and "TCM Imports" blocks on Sundays.

question: Who presents films on TCM on Wednesday nights?, answer: Robert Osborne | question: What is Robert Osborne by profession?, answer: film historian | question: Why did Robert Osborne stop presenting films on TCM for several months?, answer: medical leave | question: Who presents Silent Sunday Nights?, answer: Ben Mankiewicz | question: What is the time period covered by prime time and the early overnight?, answer: 8:00 p.m. to 2:30 a.m. Eastern Time
Most food in Alaska is transported into the state from "Outside", and shipping costs make food in the cities relatively expensive. In rural areas, subsistence hunting and gathering is an essential activity because imported food is prohibitively expensive. Though most small towns and villages in Alaska lie along the coastline, the cost of importing food to remote villages can be high, because of the terrain and difficult road conditions, which change dramatically, due to varying climate and precipitation changes. The cost of transport can reach as high as 50¢ per pound ($1.10/kg) or more in some remote areas, during the most difficult times, if these locations can be reached at all during such inclement weather and terrain conditions. The cost of delivering a 1 US gallon (3.8 L) of milk is about $3.50 in many villages where per capita income can be $20,000 or less. Fuel cost per gallon is routinely 20–30¢ higher than the continental United States average, with only Hawaii having higher prices.

question: What causes food in Alaskan cities to be relatively expensive?, answer: shipping costs | question: How high can the cost of transport be in some remote areas?, answer: 50¢ per pound ($1.10/kg) | question: Which state in the US is the only to have higher fuel prices than Alaska?, answer: Hawaii | question: How much does it cost to transport a gallon of milk in some rural areas of Alaska?, answer: $3.50
Most former British colonies and protectorates are among the 53 member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, a non-political, voluntary association of equal members, comprising a population of around 2.2 billion people. Sixteen Commonwealth realms voluntarily continue to share the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, as their head of state. These sixteen nations are distinct and equal legal entities – the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu.

question: How many Commonwealth nations are there?, answer: 53 | question: What is the population of the Commonwealth?, answer: 2.2 billion | question: How many Commonwealth nations still consider the British Queen their head of state?, answer: Sixteen | question: Who is the British Queen?, answer: Elizabeth II
Most graduate immunology schools follow the AAI courses immunology which are offered throughout numerous schools in the United States. For example, in New York State, there are several universities that offer the AAI courses immunology: Albany Medical College, Cornell University, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York University Langone Medical Center, University at Albany (SUNY), University at Buffalo (SUNY), University of Rochester Medical Center and Upstate Medical University (SUNY). The AAI immunology courses include an Introductory Course and an Advance Course. The Introductory Course is a course that gives students an overview of the basics of immunology.

question: Most graduate schools specializing in immunology follow what organization's parameters?, answer: AAI courses | question: What is the name of the immunology school at Mount Sinai?, answer: Icahn School of Medicine | question: AAI immunology courses include what two components?, answer: Introductory Course and an Advance Course | question: What does the introductory AAI immunology course do?, answer: gives students an overview of the basics of immunology | question: The Langone Medical Center is part of what college?, answer: New York University
Most historians today, including John's recent biographers Ralph Turner and Lewis Warren, argue that John was an unsuccessful monarch, but note that his failings were exaggerated by 12th- and 13th-century chroniclers. Jim Bradbury notes the current consensus that John was a "hard-working administrator, an able man, an able general", albeit, as Turner suggests, with "distasteful, even dangerous personality traits", including pettiness, spitefulness and cruelty. John Gillingham, author of a major biography of Richard I, follows this line too, although he considers John a less effective general than do Turner or Warren, and describes him "one of the worst kings ever to rule England". Bradbury takes a moderate line, but suggests that in recent years modern historians have been overly lenient towards John's numerous faults. Popular historian Frank McLynn maintains a counter-revisionist perspective on John, arguing that the king's modern reputation amongst historians is "bizarre", and that as a monarch John "fails almost all those [tests] that can be legitimately set".

question: What biographers argue that John was an unsuccessful monarch?, answer: Ralph Turner and Lewis Warren | question: Modern historians have been over lenient towards what?, answer: John's numerous faults | question: John Gillingham considers John what?, answer: a less effective general
Most historians[who?] consider Caliph Muawiyah (661–80) to have been the second ruler of the Umayyad dynasty, even though he was the first to assert the Umayyads' right to rule on a dynastic principle. It was really the caliphate of Uthman Ibn Affan (644–656), a member of Umayyad clan himself, that witnessed the revival and then the ascendancy of the Umayyad clan to the corridors of power. Uthman placed some of the trusted members of his clan at prominent and strong positions throughout the state. Most notable was the appointment of Marwan ibn al-Hakam, Uthman's first cousin, as his top advisor, which created a stir among the Hashimite companions of Muhammad, as Marwan along with his father Al-Hakam ibn Abi al-'As had been permanently exiled from Medina by Muhammad during his lifetime. Uthman also appointed as governor of Kufa his half-brother, Walid ibn Uqba, who was accused by Hashmites of leading prayer while under the influence of alcohol. Uthman also consolidated Muawiyah's governorship of Syria by granting him control over a larger area and appointed his foster brother Abdullah ibn Saad as the Governor of Egypt. However, since Uthman never named an heir, he cannot be considered the founder of a dynasty.

question: When did Muawiyah become caliph?, answer: 661 | question: When did the caliphate of Uthman Ibn Affan end?, answer: 656 | question: Who was the son of Al-Hakam ibn Abi al-'As?, answer: Marwan ibn al-Hakam
Most historical accounts state that the island was discovered on 21 May 1502 by the Galician navigator João da Nova sailing at the service of Portugal, and that he named it "Santa Helena" after Helena of Constantinople. Another theory holds that the island found by da Nova was actually Tristan da Cunha, 2,430 kilometres (1,510 mi) to the south, and that Saint Helena was discovered by some of the ships attached to the squadron of Estêvão da Gama expedition on 30 July 1503 (as reported in the account of clerk Thomé Lopes). However, a paper published in 2015 reviewed the discovery date and dismissed the 18 August as too late for da Nova to make a discovery and then return to Lisbon by 11 September 1502, whether he sailed from St Helena or Tristan da Cunha. It demonstrates the 21 May is probably a Protestant rather than Catholic or Orthodox feast-day, first quoted in 1596 by Jan Huyghen van Linschoten, who was probably mistaken because the island was discovered several decades before the Reformation and start of Protestantism. The alternative discovery date of 3 May, the Catholic feast-day for the finding of the True Cross by Saint Helena in Jerusalem, quoted by Odoardo Duarte Lopes and Sir Thomas Herbert is suggested as being historically more credible.

question: What date was the island discovered on?, answer: 21 May 1502 | question: What navigator discovered the island?, answer: João da Nova | question: What country was João da Nova doing service for?, answer: Portugal | question: What person is Saint Helena Island named after?, answer: Helena of Constantinople
Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available.

question: What is the lifestyle of hunter-gatherers?, answer: nomadic or semi-nomadic | question: What is the permanence of hunter-gatherer settlements?, answer: temporary | question: What kind of building materials do they use?, answer: impermanent | question: What kind of natural structure do hunter-gatherers use?, answer: rock shelters | question: What is the movement ability of hunter-gathers?, answer: Mobile communities
Most ingested uranium is excreted during digestion. Only 0.5% is absorbed when insoluble forms of uranium, such as its oxide, are ingested, whereas absorption of the more soluble uranyl ion can be up to 5%. However, soluble uranium compounds tend to quickly pass through the body, whereas insoluble uranium compounds, especially when inhaled by way of dust into the lungs, pose a more serious exposure hazard. After entering the bloodstream, the absorbed uranium tends to bioaccumulate and stay for many years in bone tissue because of uranium's affinity for phosphates. Uranium is not absorbed through the skin, and alpha particles released by uranium cannot penetrate the skin.

question: What happens to a majority of ingested uranium?, answer: excreted | question: Up to what percentage of uranyl ion can be absorbed when ingested?, answer: 5% | question: About what percentage of uranium oxide is absorbed when ingested?, answer: 0.5% | question: What does uranium have an affinity for?, answer: phosphates | question: Where does uranium accumulate in the body?, answer: bone tissue
Most insects, except some species of cave crickets, are able to perceive light and dark. Many species have acute vision capable of detecting minute movements. The eyes may include simple eyes or ocelli as well as compound eyes of varying sizes. Many species are able to detect light in the infrared, ultraviolet and the visible light wavelengths. Color vision has been demonstrated in many species and phylogenetic analysis suggests that UV-green-blue trichromacy existed from at least the Devonian period between 416 and 359 million years ago.

question: Most insects are able to perceive darkness and what else?, answer: light | question: What insect is not abel to perceive light and dark?, answer: cave crickets | question: Most insects have what kind of vision?, answer: acute | question: Insects notice what type of movement?, answer: minute | question: Many insects are able to see visible light, ultraviolet, and what other kind of light?, answer: infrared
Most laboratory techniques for growing bacteria use high levels of nutrients to produce large amounts of cells cheaply and quickly. However, in natural environments, nutrients are limited, meaning that bacteria cannot continue to reproduce indefinitely. This nutrient limitation has led the evolution of different growth strategies (see r/K selection theory). Some organisms can grow extremely rapidly when nutrients become available, such as the formation of algal (and cyanobacterial) blooms that often occur in lakes during the summer. Other organisms have adaptations to harsh environments, such as the production of multiple antibiotics by Streptomyces that inhibit the growth of competing microorganisms. In nature, many organisms live in communities (e.g., biofilms) that may allow for increased supply of nutrients and protection from environmental stresses. These relationships can be essential for growth of a particular organism or group of organisms (syntrophy).

question: What is the simple way of producing large volume of bacteria cells?, answer: high levels of nutrients | question: What caused the evolution of different growth strategies in bacteria?, answer: nutrients are limited | question: What can create a subsequent increase of nutrients in natural environment?, answer: biofilms | question: What do algal bacteria if nutrients are available?, answer: grow extremely rapidly
Most languages today, even in countries that have no direct link to Greco-Roman culture, use some variant of the name "Neptune" for the planet. However, in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, the planet's name was translated as "sea king star" (海王星), because Neptune was the god of the sea. In Mongolian, Neptune is called Dalain Van (Далайн ван), reflecting its namesake god's role as the ruler of the sea. In modern Greek the planet is called Poseidon (Ποσειδώνας, Poseidonas), the Greek counterpart of Neptune. In Hebrew, "Rahab" (רהב), from a Biblical sea monster mentioned in the Book of Psalms, was selected in a vote managed by the Academy of the Hebrew Language in 2009 as the official name for the planet, even though the existing Latin term "Neptun" (נפטון) is commonly used. In Māori, the planet is called Tangaroa, named after the Māori god of the sea. In Nahuatl, the planet is called Tlāloccītlalli, named after the rain god Tlāloc.

question: What is the Chinese, Japanese, and Korean translations for Neptune?, answer: sea king star | question: What god was Neptune?, answer: god of the sea | question: What is the Mongolian name for Neptune?, answer: Dalain Van | question: What did the Greeks call Neptune?, answer: Poseidon | question: What was the Biblical sea monster that Neptune is named in Hebrew?, answer: Rahab
Most legal theorists believe that the rule of law has purely formal characteristics, meaning that the law must be publicly declared, with prospective application, and possess the characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty, but there are no requirements with regard to the content of the law. Others, including a few legal theorists, believe that the rule of law necessarily entails protection of individual rights. Within legal theory, these two approaches to the rule of law are seen as the two basic alternatives, respectively labelled the formal and substantive approaches. Still, there are other views as well. Some believe that democracy is part of the rule of law.

question: According to legal theorists, what characteristics must the rule of law have?, answer: generality, equality, and certainty | question: According to some, what is the rule of law is formed to protect?, answer: individual rights | question: What system of government is considered as a component of the rule of law?, answer: democracy | question: According to some legal theorists, for what are there no requirements for something to be considered a law?, answer: content | question: What are the two approaches to defining the concept of the rule of law?, answer: formal and substantive
Most light bulbs have either clear or coated glass. The coated glass bulbs have a white powdery substance on the inside called kaolin. Kaolin, or kaolinite, is a white, chalky clay in a very fine powder form, that is blown in and electrostatically deposited on the interior of the bulb. It diffuses the light emitted from the filament, producing a more gentle and evenly distributed light. Manufacturers may add pigments to the kaolin to adjust the characteristics of the final light emitted from the bulb. Kaolin diffused bulbs are used extensively in interior lighting because of their comparatively gentle light. Other kinds of colored bulbs are also made, including the various colors used for "party bulbs", Christmas tree lights and other decorative lighting. These are created by coloring the glass with a dopant; which is often a metal like cobalt (blue) or chromium (green). Neodymium-containing glass is sometimes used to provide a more natural-appearing light.

question: What is the powdery substance in coated glass light bulbs?, answer: kaolin | question: How is kaolin placed inside a light bulb?, answer: blown in and electrostatically deposited | question: What is the effect of a kaolin coating on the light cast?, answer: a more gentle and evenly distributed light | question: How are Christmas colored light bulbs created?, answer: by coloring the glass with a dopant | question: How does kaolin create a more gentle light?, answer: It diffuses the light emitted from the filament
Most major airports provide commercial outlets for products and services. Most of these companies, many of which are internationally known brands, are located within the departure areas. These include clothing boutiques and restaurants. Prices charged for items sold at these outlets are generally higher than those outside the airport. However, some airports now regulate costs to keep them comparable to "street prices". This term is misleading as prices often match the manufacturers' suggested retail price (MSRP) but are almost never discounted.[citation needed]

question: Most major airports provide commercial outlets for what?, answer: products and services | question: Where are most of these companies located in an airport?, answer: within the departure areas | question: Some of these companies include what type of businesses?, answer: clothing boutiques and restaurants | question: Are prices at these outlets generally higher or lower than street prices?, answer: higher
Most mammals are viviparous, giving birth to live young. However, the five species of monotreme, the platypuses and the echidnas, lay eggs. The monotremes have a sex determination system different from that of most other mammals. In particular, the sex chromosomes of a platypus are more like those of a chicken than those of a therian mammal. Like marsupials and most other mammals, monotreme young are larval and fetus-like, as the presence of epipubic bones prevents the expansion of the torso, forcing them to produce small young.

question: What is the common mammal group that gives birth to live young?, answer: viviparous | question: How many species of mammals lay eggs?, answer: five species | question: Which mammal that has the bill of a duck lays eggs?, answer: platypus | question: The platypus has sex chromosomes more related to which other non-mammal?, answer: chicken
Most mature clitellates (the group that includes earthworms and leeches) are full hermaphrodites, although in a few leech species younger adults function as males and become female at maturity. All have well-developed gonads, and all copulate. Earthworms store their partners' sperm in spermathecae ("sperm stores") and then the clitellum produces a cocoon that collects ova from the ovaries and then sperm from the spermathecae. Fertilization and development of earthworm eggs takes place in the cocoon. Leeches' eggs are fertilized in the ovaries, and then transferred to the cocoon. In all clitellates the cocoon also either produces yolk when the eggs are fertilized or nutrients while they are developing. All clitellates hatch as miniature adults rather than larvae.

question: What annelid group includes leeches and earthworms?, answer: clitellates | question: What type of sex are most earthworms?, answer: hermaphrodites | question: Where are leeches' eggs fertilized?, answer: in the ovaries | question: Where do leeches move their eggs to?, answer: the cocoon | question: What type of annelids hatch as miniature adults?, answer: clitellates
Most migrations begin with the birds starting off in a broad front. Often, this front narrows into one or more preferred routes termed flyways. These routes typically follow mountain ranges or coastlines, sometimes rivers, and may take advantage of updrafts and other wind patterns or avoid geographical barriers such as large stretches of open water. The specific routes may be genetically programmed or learned to varying degrees. The routes taken on forward and return migration are often different. A common pattern in North America is clockwise migration, where birds flying North tend to be further West, and flying South tend to shift Eastwards.

question: How do most migrations begin?, answer: the birds starting off in a broad front | question: What to the migrating birds usually follow?, answer: mountain ranges or coastlines | question: What obsticals will migrating birds avoid?, answer: large stretches of open water | question: What is a common pattern in North America migration?, answer: clockwise | question: What are the preferred routes for migration called?, answer: flyways