lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The most widely used class of antenna, a dipole antenna consists of two symmetrical radiators such as metal rods or wires, with one side of the balanced feedline from the transmitter or receiver attached to each. A horizontal dipole radiates in two lobes perpendicular to the antenna's axis. A half-wave dipole the most common type, has two collinear elements each a quarter wavelength long and a gain of 2.15 dBi. Used individually as low gain antennas, dipoles are also used as driven elements in many more complicated higher gain types of antennas.

question: What is the most widley used antenna class?, answer: dipole antenna | question: What radiates two lobes perpendicular to the antennas axis?, answer: horizontal dipole | question: Besides low gain antennas, what is also used as driven elements in complicated higher gain types of antennas?, answer: dipoles | question: How much gain does a half-wave dipole have?, answer: 2.15 dBi
The most widely used symbol is the flag of Greece, which features nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white representing the nine syllables of the Greek national motto Eleftheria i thanatos (freedom or death), which was the motto of the Greek War of Independence. The blue square in the upper hoist-side corner bears a white cross, which represents Greek Orthodoxy. The Greek flag is widely used by the Greek Cypriots, although Cyprus has officially adopted a neutral flag to ease ethnic tensions with the Turkish Cypriot minority – see flag of Cyprus).

question: What are the representations of the Greek reference freedom or death that are held on a cloth symbol of the nation ?, answer: flag of Greece, which features nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white | question: This reference also holds significance as what the the Grecian people ?, answer: motto of the Greek War of Independence | question: Is religion also represented on this cloth symbol of the Greek?, answer: bears a white cross, which represents Greek Orthodoxy | question: Have the people of Turkey held any feeling towards the cloth symbol of the Greeks ?, answer: ethnic tensions with the Turkish Cypriot minority | question: Have the people of Greece done anything to make the matter more palatable for the people of Turkey ?, answer: Cyprus has officially adopted a neutral flag
The most-commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age, in the Hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long, stable greenhouse conditions typical of the Ordovician. The ice age was probably not as long-lasting as once thought; study of oxygen isotopes in fossil brachiopods shows that it was probably no longer than 0.5 to 1.5 million years. The event was preceded by a fall in atmospheric carbon dioxide (from 7000ppm to 4400ppm) which selectively affected the shallow seas where most organisms lived. As the southern supercontinent Gondwana drifted over the South Pole, ice caps formed on it. Evidence of these ice caps have been detected in Upper Ordovician rock strata of North Africa and then-adjacent northeastern South America, which were south-polar locations at the time.

question: What type of climate was normal in the Ordovician period?, answer: stable greenhouse conditions | question: What ice age signaled the end of the normal climate in the Ordovician period?, answer: the Hirnantian faunal stage | question: Oxygen from what kind of fossil were used to date the Hirnantian faunal stage?, answer: brachiopods | question: How many years is the Hirnantian faunal stage believed to have lasted?, answer: 0.5 to 1.5 million years | question: What started to develop on Gondwana as it moved over the south pole?, answer: ice caps
The most-viewed network in France, TF1, is in nearby Boulogne-Billancourt; France 2, France 3, Canal+, France 5, M6 (Neuilly-sur-Seine), Arte, D8, W9, NT1, NRJ 12, La Chaîne parlementaire, France 4, BFM TV, and Gulli are other stations located in and around the capital. Radio France, France's public radio broadcaster, and its various channels, is headquartered in Paris' 16th arrondissement. Radio France Internationale, another public broadcaster is also based in the city. Paris also holds the headquarters of the La Poste, France's national postal carrier.

question: What is the most viewed television network in France?, answer: TF1 | question: Where is TF1 located?, answer: Boulogne-Billancourt | question: What is France's public radio broadcaster?, answer: Radio France | question: What is the name of France's national postal carrier?, answer: La Poste
The motif of the England national football team has three lions passant guardant, the emblem of King Richard I, who reigned from 1189 to 1199. The lions, often blue, have had minor changes to colour and appearance. Initially topped by a crown, this was removed in 1949 when the FA was given an official coat of arms by the College of Arms; this introduced ten Tudor roses, one for each of the regional branches of the FA. Since 2003, England top their logo with a star to recognise their World Cup win in 1966; this was first embroidered onto the left sleeve of the home kit, and a year later was moved to its current position, first on the away shirt.

question: When did King Richard I begin his reign?, answer: 1189 | question: Which animal is the main motif of England's national football team?, answer: lions | question: What type of headgear originally appeared on the lions' heads on England's national football team motif?, answer: a crown | question: In which year was the FA given an official coat of arms by the College of Arms?, answer: 1949 | question: Since 2003, England has topped their logo with a star to recognize their World Cup win in which year?, answer: 1966
The motor centers of reptiles react to sensory cues of vision, sound, touch, chemical, gravity, and motion with pre-set body movements and programmed postures. With the arrival of night-active mammals, smell replaced vision as the dominant sense, and a different way of responding arose from the olfactory sense, which is proposed to have developed into mammalian emotion and emotional memory. The mammalian brain invested heavily in olfaction to succeed at night as reptiles slept—one explanation for why olfactory lobes in mammalian brains are proportionally larger than in the reptiles. These odor pathways gradually formed the neural blueprint for what was later to become our limbic brain.

question: What parts of reptiles respond to sensory cues?, answer: motor centers | question: What is the principal sense of night-active mammals?, answer: smell | question: Why were early mammals active at night?, answer: reptiles slept | question: What developed from the mammalian odor pathways?, answer: limbic brain | question: How do the olfactory lobes of mammals compare in size to those of reptiles?, answer: larger
The mountainous areas of Northwestern Greece (parts of Epirus, Central Greece, Thessaly, Western Macedonia) as well as in the mountainous central parts of Peloponnese – including parts of the regional units of Achaea, Arcadia and Laconia – feature an Alpine climate with heavy snowfalls. The inland parts of northern Greece, in Central Macedonia and East Macedonia and Thrace feature a temperate climate with cold, damp winters and hot, dry summers with frequent thunderstorms. Snowfalls occur every year in the mountains and northern areas, and brief snowfalls are not unknown even in low-lying southern areas, such as Athens.

question: The climate of Greece in the Northwest is known as what?, answer: Alpine climate | question: The Alpine climate of Greece gets what kind of weather?, answer: heavy snowfalls | question: Northern Greece inland features what type of climate?, answer: temperate | question: It has been known to snow even in what Southern city?, answer: Athens
The movement to translate English and European texts transformed the Arabic and Ottoman Turkish languages, and new words, simplified syntax, and directness came to be valued over the previous convolutions. Educated Arabs and Turks in the new professions and the modernized civil service expressed skepticism, writes Christopher de Bellaigue, "with a freedom that is rarely witnessed today.... No longer was legitimate knowledge defined by texts in the religious schools, interpreted for the most part with stultifying literalness. It had come to include virtually any intellectual production anywhere in the world." One of the neologisms that, in a way, came to characterize the infusion of new ideas via translation was "darwiniya", or "Darwinism".

question: What transformed Arabic languages?, answer: movement to translate English and European texts | question: What came to be valued over previous convolutions?, answer: new words, simplified syntax, and directness | question: Who expressed skepticism regarding the transformation of Arabic?, answer: Educated Arabs and Turks | question: What was legitimate knowledge no longer defined by?, answer: texts in the religious schools | question: What was a neologism expressing the introduction of new ideas via translation?, answer: Darwinism
The movement was pioneered by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, joined by Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay, Henri Le Fauconnier, Fernand Léger and Juan Gris. A primary influence that led to Cubism was the representation of three-dimensional form in the late works of Paul Cézanne. A retrospective of Cézanne's paintings had been held at the Salon d'Automne of 1904, current works were displayed at the 1905 and 1906 Salon d'Automne, followed by two commemorative retrospectives after his death in 1907.

question: Name the 8 peopl who began the movement, answer: Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, joined by Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay, Henri Le Fauconnier, Fernand Léger and Juan Gris. | question: Which person was the most influential in beginning the movement with is three dimensional forms?, answer: Paul Cézanne | question: What year's were Cezannes painting's displayed at Salon d'Automne? Not including the retrospectives., answer: 1905 and 1906
The movie industry was born in Paris when Auguste and Louis Lumière projected the first motion picture for a paying audience at the Grand Café on 28 December 1895. Many of Paris' concert/dance halls were transformed into movie theatres when the media became popular beginning in the 1930s. Later, most of the largest cinemas were divided into multiple, smaller rooms. Paris' largest cinema room today is in Le Grand Rex theatre with 2,700 seats. Big multiplex movie theaters have been built since the 1990s. UGC Ciné Cité Les Halles with 27 screens, MK2 Bibliothèque with 20 screens and UGC Ciné Cité Bercy with 18 screens are among the largest.

question: Where was the first movie projected for a paying audience in Paris?, answer: Grand Café | question: What date was the first movie played in Paris for a paying crowd?, answer: 28 December 1895 | question: In what decade did movie theaters become popular?, answer: 1930s | question: What is the largest cinema room today in Paris?, answer: Le Grand Rex
The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.

question: In which year was the Warsaw Pact activated in a joint action?, answer: 1968 | question: Which country did the Pact conquer?, answer: Czechoslovakia
The multiple churches that form the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican movement have different views on Marian doctrines and venerative practices given that there is no single church with universal authority within the Communion and that the mother church (the Church of England) understands itself to be both "catholic" and "Reformed". Thus unlike the Protestant churches at large, the Anglican Communion (which includes the Episcopal Church in the United States) includes segments which still retain some veneration of Mary.

question: What is the mother church of the Angican Communion?, answer: the Church of England | question: Which church in the United States is associated with the Angican Communion?, answer: the Episcopal Church | question: What practice differentiates the Angican Communon from Protestant churches at large?, answer: veneration of Mary | question: What branch of Christianity does the Angican Communion fall under?, answer: Protestant
The municipalities have two major policy responsibilities. First, they administer programs authorized by the federal or state government. Such programs typically relate to youth, schools, public health, and social assistance. Second, Article 28(2) of the Basic Law guarantees the municipalities "the right to regulate on their own responsibility all the affairs of the local community within the limits set by law." Under this broad statement of competence, local governments can justify a wide range of activities. For instance, many municipalities develop and expand the economic infrastructure of their communities through the development of industrial trading estates.

question: Municipalities have how many major policy responsibilities?, answer: local governments can justify | question: What article grants the municipalities "the right to regulate on their own responsibility all the affairs of the local community within the limits set by law., answer: Article 28(2) | question: Under Article 28(2) local governments can justify what?, answer: a wide range of activities | question: What is one way municipalities develop the economic infrastructure?, answer: development
The music hall and cabaret are famous Paris institutions. The Moulin Rouge was opened in 1889. It was highly visible because of its large red imitation windmill on its roof, and became the birthplace of the dance known as the French Cancan. It helped make famous the singers Mistinguett and Édith Piaf and the painter Toulouse-Lautrec, who made posters for the venue. In 1911, the dance hall Olympia Paris invented the grand staircase as a settling for its shows, competing with its great rival, the Folies Bergère, Its stars in the 1920s included the American singer and dancer Josephine Baker. The Casino de Paris presented many famous French singers, including Mistinguett, Maurice Chevalier, and Tino Rossi. Other famous Paris music halls include Le Lido, on the Champs-Élysées, opened in 1946; and the Crazy Horse Saloon, featuring strip-tease, dance and magic, opened in 1951. The Olympia Paris has presented Edith Piaf, Marlene Dietrich, Miles Davis, Judy Garland, and the Grateful Dead. A half dozen music halls exist today in Paris, attended mostly visitors to the city.

question: In what year was The Moulin Rouge opened?, answer: 1889 | question: What dance was created at the Moulin Rouge?, answer: French Cancan | question: In what year did the Crazy Horse Saloon open?, answer: 1951 | question: Where did Grateful Dead play?, answer: The Olympia Paris
The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries.

question: What music genre is usually associated with Guinea-Bissau?, answer: gumbe | question: What is considered the country's primary musical export?, answer: the polyrhythmic gumbe genre | question: What major factor has kept gumbe out of mainstream audiences?, answer: civil unrest | question: What other type of countries has gumbe been kept out of?, answer: generally syncretist African countries
The music of the Romantic era, from roughly the first decade of the 19th century to the early 20th century, was characterized by increased attention to an extended melodic line, as well as expressive and emotional elements, paralleling romanticism in other art forms. Musical forms began to break from the Classical era forms (even as those were being codified), with free-form pieces like nocturnes, fantasias, and preludes being written where accepted ideas about the exposition and development of themes were ignored or minimized. The music became more chromatic, dissonant, and tonally colorful, with tensions (with respect to accepted norms of the older forms) about key signatures increasing. The art song (or Lied) came to maturity in this era, as did the epic scales of grand opera, ultimately transcended by Richard Wagner's Ring cycle.

question: Increased attention to extended melodic lines characterized what era?, answer: Romantic | question: When did the Romantic era end?, answer: the early 20th century | question: Free-form pieces like nocturnes and preludes were a break from what era?, answer: Classical | question: Tensions about what increased during the Romantic era?, answer: key signatures | question: What is a name for an art song?, answer: Lied
The music of the indigenous peoples of Central Mexico and Central America was often pentatonic. Before the arrival of the Spaniards and other Europeans, music was inseparable from religious festivities and included a large variety of percussion and wind instruments such as drums, flutes, sea snail shells (used as a trumpet) and "rain" tubes. No remnants of pre-Columbian stringed instruments were found until archaeologists discovered a jar in Guatemala, attributed to the Maya of the Late Classic Era (600–900 CE), which depicts a stringed musical instrument which has since been reproduced. This instrument is one of the very few stringed instruments known in the Americas prior to the introduction of European musical instruments; when played it produces a sound virtually identical to a jaguar's growl.

question: What feature did the music of Central America have?, answer: pentatonic | question: What role did music play in the religious festivities?, answer: inseparable from | question: What instruments were used to make music by the Central Americans?, answer: large variety of percussion and wind | question: Where did archaeologists find a depiction of a Mayan stringed instrument?, answer: a jar in Guatemala | question: What did the Mayan's stringed instrument sound like when played?, answer: a jaguar's growl
The mutineers seized the Citadel, a Supreme Junta government took over, and on 26–28 June, Napoleon's Marshal Moncey attacked the city with a column of 9,000 French imperial troops in the First Battle of Valencia. He failed to take the city in two assaults and retreated to Madrid. Marshal Suchet began a long siege of the city in October 1811, and after intense bombardment forced it to surrender on 8 January 1812. After the capitulation, the French instituted reforms in Valencia, which became the capital of Spain when the Bonapartist pretender to the throne, José I (Joseph Bonaparte, Napoleon's elder brother), moved the Court there in the summer of 1812. The disaster of the Battle of Vitoria on 21 June 1813 obliged Suchet to quit Valencia, and the French troops withdrew in July.

question: Who attacked Valencia with French soldiers but failed to capture it?, answer: Moncey | question: When did Valencia surrender to the French?, answer: 8 January 1812 | question: Who led the successful attack against Valencia?, answer: Suchet | question: What forced Suchet to leave Valencia?, answer: Battle of Vitoria | question: What city did Jose I make Spain's capital?, answer: Valencia
The myth of a Trojan founding with Greek influence was reconciled through an elaborate genealogy (the Latin kings of Alba Longa) with the well-known legend of Rome's founding by Romulus and Remus. The most common version of the twins' story displays several aspects of hero myth. Their mother, Rhea Silvia, had been ordered by her uncle the king to remain a virgin, in order to preserve the throne he had usurped from her father. Through divine intervention, the rightful line was restored when Rhea Silvia was impregnated by the god Mars. She gave birth to twins, who were duly exposed by order of the king but saved through a series of miraculous events.

question: What mythical characters were involved in the founding of Rome?, answer: Romulus and Remus | question: What type of story was the Romulus and Remus tale?, answer: hero myth | question: Who was the mother of Romulus and Remus?, answer: Rhea Silvia | question: What god was the father of Romulus and Remus?, answer: Mars | question: What type of events saved the twins of Roman myth?, answer: miraculous
The name "Seattle" appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23, 1853, when the first plats for the village were filed. In 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14, 1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of trustees managing the city. The town of Seattle was disincorporated January 18, 1867 and remained a mere precinct of King County until late 1869, when a new petition was filed and the city was re-incorporated December 2, 1869 with a Mayor-council government. The corporate seal of the City of Seattle carries the date "1869" and a likeness of Chief Sealth in left profile.

question: At what date did the name Seattle first appear on official papers?, answer: May 23, 1853 | question: What famous Indian appears on the seal of Seattle?, answer: Chief Sealth | question: When were the first land allocations made in Seattle?, answer: May 23, 1853 | question: At what date was Seattle incorporated as a town?, answer: January 14, 1865 | question: What type of governing body did Seattle have in 1869?, answer: Mayor-council
The name Anabaptist, meaning "one who baptizes again", was given them by their persecutors in reference to the practice of re-baptizing converts who already had been baptized as infants. Anabaptists required that baptismal candidates be able to make their own confessions of faith and so rejected baptism of infants. The early members of this movement did not accept the name Anabaptist, claiming that since infant baptism was unscriptural and null and void, the baptizing of believers was not a re-baptism but in fact their first real baptism. As a result of their views on the nature of baptism and other issues, Anabaptists were heavily persecuted during the 16th century and into the 17th by both Magisterial Protestants and Roman Catholics.[aa] While most Anabaptists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Sermon on the Mount, which precluded taking oaths, participating in military actions, and participating in civil government, some who practiced re-baptism felt otherwise.[ab] They were thus technically Anabaptists, even though conservative Amish, Mennonites, and Hutterites and some historians tend to consider them as outside of true Anabaptism. Anabaptist reformers of the Radical Reformation are diveded into Radical and the so-called Second Front. Some important Radical Reformation theologians were John of Leiden, Thomas Müntzer, Kaspar Schwenkfeld, Sebastian Franck, Menno Simons. Second Front Reformers included Hans Denck, Conrad Grebel, Balthasar Hubmaier and Felix Manz.

question: What does the word Anabaptist describe?, answer: one who baptizes again | question: Who named the Anabaptists?, answer: their persecutors | question: What baptism do Anabaptists reject?, answer: baptism of infants | question: Who persecuted the Anabaptists in the 16th century?, answer: Magisterial Protestants and Roman Catholics | question: Hans Denck was considered what type of reformer?, answer: Second Front Reformers