lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
As the image of God grows within man, he learns to rely less on an intellectual pursuit of virtue and more on an affective pursuit of charity and meekness. Meekness and charity guide Christians to acknowledge that they are nothing without the One (God/Christ) who created them, sustains them, and guides them. Thus, man then directs his path to that One, and the love for, and of, Christ guides man's very nature to become centered on the One, and on his neighbor as well. Charity is the manifestation of the pure love of Christ, both for and by His follower.

question: What virtue guides Christians in their understanding of God?, answer: Meekness | question: According to Christianity, who is the "One"?, answer: God/Christ | question: What is Charity to a Christian?, answer: manifestation of the pure love of Christ | question: What should man's nature be centered on?, answer: the One
As the initial punk movement dwindled, vibrant new scenes began to coalesce out of a variety of bands pursuing experimental sounds and wider conceptual territory in their work. Many of these artists drew on backgrounds in art and viewed their music as invested in particular political or aesthetic agendas. British music publications such as the NME and Sounds developed an influential part in this nascent post-punk culture, with writers like Jon Savage, Paul Morley and Ian Penman developing a dense (and often playful) style of criticism that drew on critical theory, radical politics and an eclectic variety of other sources.

question: When the punk movement started shrinking, what began to fill the void left by their demise?, answer: vibrant new scenes | question: What territory did the post-punk bands pursue in their works?, answer: wider conceptual | question: What nationality's music magazines had an influential part of post-punk culture?, answer: British | question: What professional is Ian Penman known from?, answer: writers | question: What kind of background did many of the initial post-punk artists have?, answer: art | question: Who were well known authors covering the post-punk era?, answer: Jon Savage, Paul Morley and Ian Penman | question: What were popular post-punk culture media sources?, answer: NME and Sounds | question: What were the bands coming in on the heels of post-punk beginning to sound like?, answer: experimental sounds and wider conceptual territory | question: What was a common background of post-punk musicians?, answer: backgrounds in art | question: What was a common theme to post-punk music?, answer: political or aesthetic agendas
As the memory of the "Charge of the Light Brigade" demonstrates, the war became an iconic symbol of logistical, medical and tactical failures and mismanagement. Public opinion in the UK was outraged at the logistical and command failures of the war; the newspapers demanded drastic reforms, and parliamentary investigations demonstrated the multiple failures of the Army. However, the reform campaign was not well organized, and the traditional aristocratic leadership of the Army pulled itself together, and blocked all serious reforms. No one was punished. The outbreak of the Indian Revolution in 1857 shifted attention to the heroic defense of British interest by the army, and further talk of reform went nowhere. The demand for professionalization was, however, achieved by Florence Nightingale, who gained worldwide attention for pioneering and publicizing modern nursing while treating the wounded.:469–71

question: Who demanded drastic reforms after the war?, answer: the newspapers | question: The outbreak of the Indian Revolution took place in what year?, answer: 1857 | question: What poem demonstrates that the war became a symbol of failures?, answer: Charge of the Light Brigade
As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Sub-Saharan Africa and Norte Chico.

question: Who expanded into the territory of hunter-gathers?, answer: agricultural societies | question: What did the increase in agricultural areas produce?, answer: first forms of government | question: What were the Fertile Crescent and Ancient India ?, answer: agricultural centers | question: What type of expansion was it in places like the Fertile Crescent?, answer: agriculture-driven | question: Why did agricultural societies push into hunter-gatherer areas?, answer: agricultural societies increased
As the number of possible tests for even simple software components is practically infinite, all software testing uses some strategy to select tests that are feasible for the available time and resources. As a result, software testing typically (but not exclusively) attempts to execute a program or application with the intent of finding software bugs (errors or other defects). The job of testing is an iterative process as when one bug is fixed, it can illuminate other, deeper bugs, or can even create new ones.

question: What is the purpose of testing software?, answer: finding software bugs | question: Why is it so difficult to locate bugs in software?, answer: tests for even simple software components is practically infinite | question: What can come from one bug being fixed?, answer: it can illuminate other, deeper bugs,
As the patron of Delphi (Pythian Apollo), Apollo was an oracular god—the prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle. Medicine and healing are associated with Apollo, whether through the god himself or mediated through his son Asclepius, yet Apollo was also seen as a god who could bring ill-health and deadly plague. Amongst the god's custodial charges, Apollo became associated with dominion over colonists, and as the patron defender of herds and flocks. As the leader of the Muses (Apollon Musegetes) and director of their choir, Apollo functioned as the patron god of music and poetry. Hermes created the lyre for him, and the instrument became a common attribute of Apollo. Hymns sung to Apollo were called paeans.

question: Who was described at the prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle?, answer: Apollo | question: What is the name of Apollo's son?, answer: Asclepius | question: Who created the lyre for Apollo?, answer: Hermes | question: What was the term for hymns sung to Apollo?, answer: paeans
As the playing of gramophone records causes gradual degradation of the recording, they are best preserved by transferring them onto other media and playing the records as rarely as possible. They need to be stored on edge, and do best under environmental conditions that most humans would find comfortable. The medium needs to be kept clean, but alcohol should only be used on PVC or optical media, not on 78s.[citation needed] The equipment for playback of certain formats (e.g., 16 and 78 rpm) is manufactured only in small quantities, leading to increased difficulty in finding equipment to play the recordings.

question: Should alcohol be used to clean gramophone recordings?, answer: alcohol should only be used on PVC or optical media | question: Is gramophone equipment readily available?, answer: manufactured only in small quantities | question: What is the recommendation of gramophone recordings to preserve integrity?, answer: transferring them onto other media | question: What is a drawback of gramophone use?, answer: gradual degradation | question: How are gramophones best stored?, answer: on edge
As the premiers did not come to an agreement on this question, the Parliamentary Council was supposed to address this issue. Its provisions are reflected in Article 29. There was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory: the Federal Territory must be revised ... (paragraph 1). Moreover, in territories or parts of territories whose affiliation with a Land had changed after 8 May 1945 without a referendum, people were allowed to petition for a revision of the current status within a year after the promulgation of the Basic Law (paragraph 2). If at least one tenth of those entitled to vote in Bundestag elections were in favour of a revision, the federal government had to include the proposal into its legislation. Then a referendum was required in each territory or part of a territory whose affiliation was to be changed (paragraph 3). The proposal should not take effect if within any of the affected territories a majority rejected the change. In this case, the bill had to be introduced again and after passing had to be confirmed by referendum in the Federal Republic as a whole (paragraph 4). The reorganization should be completed within three years after the Basic Law had come into force (paragraph 6).

question: In the revision of Article 29, what was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory?, answer: the Federal Territory must be revised | question: How much of the population must have been in favor of the revision?, answer: one tenth | question: What was required in each territory or part of a territory whose affiliation was to be changed?, answer: a referendum | question: Which paragraph stated that reorganization should be completed within three years after the Basic Law had come into force?, answer: paragraph 6
As the primary former Capital of the Confederate States of America, Richmond is home to many museums and battlefields of the American Civil War. Near the riverfront is the Richmond National Battlefield Park Visitors Center and the American Civil War Center at Historic Tredegar, both housed in the former buildings of the Tredegar Iron Works, where much of the ordnance for the war was produced. In Court End, near the Virginia State Capitol, is the Museum of the Confederacy, along with the Davis Mansion, also known as the White House of the Confederacy; both feature a wide variety of objects and material from the era. The temporary home of former Confederate General Robert E. Lee still stands on Franklin Street in downtown Richmond. The history of slavery and emancipation are also increasingly represented: there is a former slave trail along the river that leads to Ancarrow's Boat Ramp and Historic Site which has been developed with interpretive signage, and in 2007, the Reconciliation Statue was placed in Shockoe Bottom, with parallel statues placed in Liverpool and Benin representing points of the Triangle Trade.

question: In what former industrial facility is the Richmond National Battlefield Park Visitors Center located?, answer: Tredegar Iron Works | question: What government building is the Museum of the Confederacy located near?, answer: Virginia State Capitol | question: What is another name for the Davis Mansion?, answer: White House of the Confederacy | question: On what Richmond street did General Lee live for a while?, answer: Franklin | question: Where are the Reconciliation Statues outside Richmond located?, answer: Liverpool and Benin
As the school suffered reduced income while still under construction, the completion and further development of the school has since depended to some extent on wealthy benefactors. Building resumed when Roger Lupton was Provost, around 1517. His name is borne by the big gate-house in the west range of the cloisters, fronting School Yard, perhaps the most famous image of the school. This range includes the important interiors of the Parlour, Election Hall, and Election Chamber, where most of the 18th century "leaving portraits" are kept.

question: Around what year did construction continue after a period of financial struggle?, answer: 1517 | question: Whose name is on the gate-house fronting School Yard?, answer: Roger Lupton | question: Where are 18th century "leaving portraits" kept at Eton?, answer: Parlour, Election Hall, and Election Chamber | question: What is the most famous image of Eton College?, answer: the big gate-house in the west range of the cloisters, fronting School Yard
As the summit closed on 28 September 1970, hours after escorting the last Arab leader to leave, Nasser suffered a heart attack. He was immediately transported to his house, where his physicians tended to him. Nasser died several hours later, around 6:00 p.m. Heikal, Sadat, and Nasser's wife Tahia were at his deathbed. According to his doctor, al-Sawi Habibi, Nasser's likely cause of death was arteriosclerosis, varicose veins, and complications from long-standing diabetes. Nasser was a heavy smoker with a family history of heart disease—two of his brothers died in their fifties from the same condition. The state of Nasser's health was not known to the public prior to his death. He had previously suffered heart attacks in 1966 and September 1969.

question: When did Nasser die?, answer: 28 September 1970 | question: How did Nasser die?, answer: heart attack | question: Who was with Nasser when he died?, answer: Heikal, Sadat, and Nasser's wife Tahia | question: What health events had Nasser suffered in 1966 and 1969?, answer: heart attacks | question: How old were Nasser's brothers when they died?, answer: in their fifties
As the universe evolves in time, more and more of its energy becomes trapped in irreversible states (i.e., as heat or other kinds of increases in disorder). This has been referred to as the inevitable thermodynamic heat death of the universe. In this heat death the energy of the universe does not change, but the fraction of energy which is available to do work through a heat engine, or be transformed to other usable forms of energy (through the use of generators attached to heat engines), grows less and less.

question: As the universe evolves in time, more and more of its energy becomes trapped in what?, answer: irreversible states | question: What is it referred to when more and more of energy becomes trapped in irreversible states?, answer: inevitable thermodynamic heat death of the universe | question: In this heat death of energy, what does not change?, answer: energy of the universe
As the years went by, the three feudal lords and their extensive territories became increasingly autonomous. Finally, in 1673, Shang Kexi petitioned Kangxi for permission to retire to his hometown in Liaodong province and nominated his son as his successor. The young emperor granted his retirement, but denied the heredity of his fief. In reaction, the two other generals decided to petition for their own retirements to test Kangxi's resolve, thinking that he would not risk offending them. The move backfired as the young emperor called their bluff by accepting their requests and ordering that all three fiefdoms to be reverted to the crown.

question: When did Kexi retire?, answer: 1673 | question: Who did Kexi thing should take over for him?, answer: his son | question: What happened when Kexi, and the two other generals all retired?, answer: all three fiefdoms to be reverted to the crown.
As there is no research indicating which of the three components is essential in defining sexual orientation, all three are used independently and provide different conclusions regarding sexual orientation. Savin Williams (2006) discusses this issue and notes that by basing findings regarding sexual orientation on a single component, researchers may not actually capture the intended population. For example, if homosexual is defined by same sex behavior, gay virgins are omitted, heterosexuals engaging in same sex behavior for other reasons than preferred sexual arousal are miscounted, and those with same sex attraction who only have opposite-sex relations are excluded. Because of the limited populations that each component captures, consumers of research should be cautious in generalizing these findings.

question: How are the three component used to determine sexual orientation?, answer: all three are used independently and provide different conclusions regarding sexual orientation | question: When did Savin WIlliams talk about the issues with these components?, answer: (2006) | question: What issues to Savin address during this talk?, answer: basing findings regarding sexual orientation on a single component, researchers may not actually capture the intended population | question: Why does basing sexual orientation on one component cause problems?, answer: Because of the limited populations that each component captures | question: How should consumers of the research approach these findings?, answer: should be cautious in generalizing these findings.
As they grew older Madonna and her sisters would feel deep sadness as the vivid memory of their mother began drifting farther from them. They would study pictures of her and come to think that she resembled poet Anne Sexton and Hollywood actresses. This would later raise Madonna's interest in poetry, with Sylvia Plath being her favourite. Later, Madonna commented: "We were all wounded in one way or another by [her death], and then we spent the rest of our lives reacting to it or dealing with it or trying to turn into something else. The anguish of losing my mom left me with a certain kind of loneliness and an incredible longing for something. If I hadn't had that emptiness, I wouldn't have been so driven. Her death had a lot to do with me saying—after I got over my heartache—I'm going to be really strong if I can't have my mother. I'm going to take care of myself." Taraborrelli felt that in time, no doubt because of the devastation she felt, Madonna would never again allow herself, or even her daughter, to feel as abandoned as she had felt when her mother died. "Her death had taught [Madonna] a valuable lesson, that she would have to remain strong for herself because, she feared weakness—particularly her own—and wanted to be the queen of her own castle."

question: Who felt deep sadness as the death of their mother fades away?, answer: Madonna and her sisters | question: Who does Madonna's mum resemble?, answer: poet Anne Sexton | question: Who is Madonna's favorite poet?, answer: Sylvia Plath | question: Who felt that her mother death was the driving force behind her success?, answer: Madonna
As this process continued, the missile found itself being used for more and more of the roles formerly filled by guns. First to go were the large weapons, replaced by equally large missile systems of much higher performance. Smaller missiles soon followed, eventually becoming small enough to be mounted on armored cars and tank chassis. These started replacing, or at least supplanting, similar gun-based SPAAG systems in the 1960s, and by the 1990s had replaced almost all such systems in modern armies. Man-portable missiles, MANPADs as they are known today, were introduced in the 1960s and have supplanted or even replaced even the smallest guns in most advanced armies.

question: The missile started being used more often instead of what weapon?, answer: guns | question: Small missiles were designed that could be mounted on what?, answer: armored cars and tank chassis | question: When did these missiles start to supplant gun-based SPAAG systems?, answer: in the 1960s | question: What are man-portable missiles better known as?, answer: MANPADs | question: When were MANPADs introduced?, answer: the 1960s
As war broke out, Maglione, Tardini and Montini were the main figures in the Vatican's State Department, as despatches originated from or addressed to them during the war years.[page needed] Montini was in charge of taking care of the "ordinary affairs" of the Secretariat of State, which took much of the mornings of every working day. In the afternoon he moved to the third floor into the Office of the Private Secretary of the Pontiff. Pius XII did not have a personal secretary. As did several popes before him, he delegated the secretarial functions to the State Secretariat. During the war years, thousands of letters from all parts of the world arrived at the desk of the pope, most of them asking for understanding, prayer and help. Montini was tasked to formulate the replies in the name of Pius XII, expressing his empathy, and understanding and providing help, where possible.

question: What department did Montini oversee when he worked with the Secretariat of State?, answer: ordinary affairs | question: What organization did Montini, Maglione and Tardini belong to?, answer: Vatican's State Department | question: What role did Montini fill for Pius XII?, answer: Private Secretary | question: What did Montini take charge of responding to on behalf of Pius XII?, answer: letters | question: During what time was Montini responsible for the communications of the Vatican?, answer: war years
As with any other country during the Early Modern Period, such as Italy and Spain in Europe, the Ottoman social life was interconnected with the medrese. Medreses were built in as part of a Mosque complex where many programmes, such as aid to the poor through soup kitchens, were held under the infrastructure of a mosque, which reveals the interconnectedness of religion and social life during this period. "The mosques to which medreses were attached, dominated the social life in Ottoman cities." Social life was not dominated by religion only in the Muslim world of the Ottoman Empire; it was also quite similar to the social life of Europe during this period. As Goffman says: "Just as mosques dominated social life for the Ottomans, churches and synagogues dominated life for the Christians and Jews as well." Hence, social life and the medrese were closely linked, since medreses taught many curricula, such as religion, which highly governed social life in terms of establishing orthodoxy. "They tried moving their developing state toward Islamic orthodoxy." Overall, the fact that mosques contained medreses comes to show the relevance of education to religion in the sense that education took place within the framework of religion and religion established social life by trying to create a common religious orthodoxy. Hence, medreses were simply part of the social life of society as students came to learn the fundamentals of their societal values and beliefs.

question: What kind of social service was provided through the madaris?, answer: aid to the poor through soup kitchens | question: What had a hold over social life in the Ottoman Empire as well as other cultures?, answer: religion | question: Where did students learn about religious and social norms?, answer: medreses | question: What practice was desired through connecting religion and schools?, answer: Islamic orthodoxy
As with bacterial classification, identification of bacteria is increasingly using molecular methods. Diagnostics using DNA-based tools, such as polymerase chain reaction, are increasingly popular due to their specificity and speed, compared to culture-based methods. These methods also allow the detection and identification of "viable but nonculturable" cells that are metabolically active but non-dividing. However, even using these improved methods, the total number of bacterial species is not known and cannot even be estimated with any certainty. Following present classification, there are a little less than 9,300 known species of prokaryotes, which includes bacteria and archaea; but attempts to estimate the true number of bacterial diversity have ranged from 107 to 109 total species – and even these diverse estimates may be off by many orders of magnitude.

question: What technique has becoming more popular in classification of bacteria?, answer: molecular methods | question: What tool does DNA based diagnostics use?, answer: polymerase chain reaction | question: What else can molecular methods of classification reveal?, answer: identification of "viable but nonculturable" cells | question: Can new methods determine a total number of bacteria species?, answer: cannot even be estimated with any certainty