lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
During the celebration, theaters called tablados are built in many places throughout the cities, especially in Montevideo. Traditionally formed by men and now starting to be open to women, the different Carnival groups (Murgas, Lubolos or Parodistas) perform a kind of popular opera at the tablados, singing and dancing songs that generally relate to the social and political situation. The 'Calls' groups, basically formed by drummers playing the tamboril, perform candombe rhythmic figures. Revelers wear their festival clothing. Each group has its own theme. Women wearing elegant, bright dresses are called vedettes and provide a sensual touch to parades.

question: What are built in many places through the cities?, answer: tablados | question: What do the different Carnival groups perform together?, answer: opera | question: What do the topics of the shows put on at the tablados typically relate to?, answer: the social and political situation | question: What type of rhythmic figures are performed by the drummers playing the tamboril?, answer: candombe | question: What sort of touch do the vedettes provide to the parades?, answer: sensual
During the ceremony of initiation, the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) to fulfil certain obligations as a Mason. In the course of three degrees, new masons will promise to keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, and to support a fellow Mason in distress (as far as practicality and the law permit). There is instruction as to the duties of a Freemason, but on the whole, Freemasons are left to explore the craft in the manner they find most satisfying. Some will further explore the ritual and symbolism of the craft, others will focus their involvement on the social side of the Lodge, while still others will concentrate on the charitable functions of the lodge.

question: When does a candidate swear to fullfil his obligations as a Mason?, answer: During the ceremony of initiation | question: What does a candidate swear on?, answer: usually on a volume of sacred text | question: How many degrees must a Mason swear to keep the secrets from outsiders?, answer: three degrees | question: Are Freemasons free to explore the craft?, answer: Freemasons are left to explore the craft in the manner they find most satisfying
During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown around it. Hence, dead branches produce knots which are not attached, and likely to drop out after the tree has been sawn into boards.

question: What will the lower limbs of a tree usually do during development?, answer: die | question: For what length of time can a dead lower limb stay attached to a tree?, answer: years | question: Rather than being joined to the limb that died, where do subsequent layers grow?, answer: around it | question: Are the knots that dead tree limbs form attached or not attached?, answer: not attached | question: A detached knot will probably drop out of the wood when someone saws it into what?, answer: boards
During the dictatorships of Miguel Primo de Rivera (1923–1930) and especially of Francisco Franco (1939–1975), all regional cultures were suppressed. All of the languages spoken in Spanish territory, except Spanish (Castilian) itself, were officially banned. Symbolising the Catalan people's desire for freedom, Barça became 'More than a club' (Més que un club) for the Catalans. According to Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, the best way for the Catalans to demonstrate their identity was by joining Barça. It was less risky than joining a clandestine anti-Franco movement, and allowed them to express their dissidence. During Franco's regime, however, the blaugrana team was granted profit due to its good relationship with the dictator at management level, even giving two awards to him.

question: What caused the suppression of regional cultures?, answer: dictatorships | question: Of the languages of the are, what was the only approved language?, answer: Spanish (Castilian) | question: How did the Catalans show their identity during the dictatorships?, answer: joining Barça | question: What team was awarded by Franco for having a good relationship?, answer: blaugrana | question: What motto of the team Barcelona appealed to the Catalans?, answer: 'More than a club'
During the difficult 1930s of the Great Depression, government at all levels was integral to creating jobs. The city provided recreational and educational programs, and hired people for public works projects. In 1932, Raleigh Memorial Auditorium was dedicated. The North Carolina Symphony, founded the same year, performed in its new home. From 1934 to 1937, the federal Civilian Conservation Corps constructed the area now known as William B. Umstead State Park. In 1939, the State General Assembly chartered the Raleigh-Durham Aeronautical Authority to build a larger airport between Raleigh and Durham, with the first flight occurring in 1943.

question: When was the Great Depression?, answer: 1930s | question: What did the city provide during the Great Depression?, answer: recreational and educational programs | question: What was dedicated in 1932?, answer: Raleigh Memorial Auditorium | question: What year was the North Carolina Symphony founded?, answer: 1932 | question: What was charted in 1939?, answer: Raleigh-Durham Aeronautical Authority to build a larger airport between Raleigh and Durham,
During the earlier medieval period, the vocal music from the liturgical genre, predominantly Gregorian chant, was monophonic, using a single, unaccompanied vocal melody line. Polyphonic vocal genres, which used multiple independent vocal melodies, began to develop during the high medieval era, becoming prevalent by the later 13th and early 14th century.

question: What genre was predominately Gregorian chant during the earlier medieval period?, answer: liturgical | question: What genre uses multiple independent vocal melodies?, answer: Polyphonic vocal genres | question: When did the Polyphonic vocal genre begin to develop?, answer: during the high medieval era | question: What word means using a single unaccompanied vocal melody line?, answer: monophonic
During the early 2000s, the USAF fumbled several high profile aircraft procurement projects, such as the missteps on the KC-X program. Winslow Wheeler has written that this pattern represents "failures of intellect and – much more importantly – ethics." As a result, the USAF fleet is setting new records for average aircraft age and needs to replace its fleets of fighters, bombers, airborne tankers, and airborne warning aircraft, in an age of restrictive defense budgets. Finally in the midst of scandal and failure in maintaining its nuclear arsenal, the civilian and military leaders of the air force were replaced in 2008.

question: When did the USAF have several missteps of aircraft procurement projects?, answer: early 2000s | question: Who wrote that these aircraft procurement projects were a failure of intellect and ethics?, answer: Winslow Wheeler | question: When were the military leaders replaced after a scandal over failure to maintain its nuclear arsenal?, answer: 2008
During the early 20th century it became increasingly common to bury cremated remains rather than coffins in the abbey. In 1905 the actor Sir Henry Irving was cremated and his ashes buried in Westminster Abbey, thereby becoming the first person ever to be cremated prior to interment at the abbey. The majority of interments at the Abbey are of cremated remains, but some burials still take place - Frances Challen, wife of the Rev Sebastian Charles, Canon of Westminster, was buried alongside her husband in the south choir aisle in 2014. Members of the Percy Family have a family vault, The Northumberland Vault, in St Nicholas's chapel within the abbey.

question: In the early 20th century it became more common to bury what kind of remains?, answer: cremated | question: In what year was Sir Henry Irving cremated?, answer: 1905 | question: Who was buried in the south choir aisle in 2014?, answer: Frances Challen | question: What family has the Northumberland Vault?, answer: Percy Family
During the early 20th century, northerners were attracted to the city, and Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and infrastructure. The legacy of Jim Crow was embedded in these developments. Miami's chief of police, H. Leslie Quigg, did not hide the fact that he, like many other white Miami police officers, was a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Unsurprisingly, these officers enforced social codes far beyond the written law. Quigg, for example, "personally and publicly beat a colored bellboy to death for speaking directly to a white woman."

question: Who was a notable chief of the Miami police?, answer: H. Leslie Quigg | question: To what controversial organization did a Miami chief of police belong?, answer: Ku Klux Klan | question: For what reason did H. Leslie Quigg kill a black man?, answer: speaking directly to a white woman | question: What was the occupation of the African-American man killed by Quigg?, answer: bellboy
During the early High Middle Ages, Germany was ruled by the Ottonian dynasty, which struggled to control the powerful dukes ruling over territorial duchies tracing back to the Migration period. In 1024, they were replaced by the Salian dynasty, who famously clashed with the papacy under Emperor Henry IV (r. 1084–1105) over church appointments as part of the Investiture Controversy. His successors continued to struggle against the papacy as well as the German nobility. A period of instability followed the death of Emperor Henry V (r. 1111–25), who died without heirs, until Frederick I Barbarossa (r. 1155–90) took the imperial throne. Although he ruled effectively, the basic problems remained, and his successors continued to struggle into the 13th century. Barbarossa's grandson Frederick II (r. 1220–1250), who was also heir to the throne of Sicily through his mother, clashed repeatedly with the papacy. His court was famous for its scholars and he was often accused of heresy. He and his successors faced many difficulties, including the invasion of the Mongols into Europe in the mid-13th century. Mongols first shattered the Kievan Rus' principalities and then invaded Eastern Europe in 1241, 1259, and 1287.

question: What dynasty controlled Germany in the early High Middle Ages?, answer: Ottonian | question: What dynasty ruled Germany starting in 1024?, answer: Salian | question: When did Henry IV's reign begin?, answer: 1084 | question: The clash between Henry IV and the pope was part of what greater conflict?, answer: Investiture Controversy | question: What was the regnal name of Frederick I Barbarossa's grandson?, answer: Frederick II
During the early years of the Cold War from 1946 to 1958, the United States tested 67 nuclear weapons at its Pacific Proving Grounds located in the Marshall Islands, including the largest atmospheric nuclear test ever conducted by the U.S., code named Castle Bravo. "The bombs had a total yield of 108,496 kilotons, over 7,200 times more powerful than the atomic weapons used during World War II." With the 1952 test of the first U.S. hydrogen bomb, code named "Ivy Mike," the island of Elugelab in the Enewetak atoll was destroyed. In 1956, the United States Atomic Energy Commission regarded the Marshall Islands as "by far the most contaminated place in the world."

question: In what year did the Cold War begin?, answer: 1946 | question: How many nuclear weapons were tested in the Marshall Islands between 1946 and 1958?, answer: 67 | question: What was the name of the United States' largest atmospheric nuclear test?, answer: Castle Bravo | question: What was the yield of the Castle Bravo bombs in kilotons?, answer: 108,496 | question: Which of the Marshall Islands was destroyed in a United States hydrogen bomb test?, answer: Elugelab
During the early years, MCA also manufactured discs for other companies including Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros. Some of them added their own names to the disc jacket to signify that the movie was not owned by MCA. After Discovision Associates shut down in early 1982, Universal Studio's videodisc software label, called MCA Videodisc until 1984, began reissuing many DiscoVision titles. Unfortunately, quite a few, such as Battlestar Galactica and Jaws, were time-compressed versions of their CAV or CLV Disco Vision originals. The time-compressed CLV re-issue of Jaws no longer had the original soundtrack, having had incidental background music replaced for the video disc version due to licensing cost (the music would not be available until the THX LaserDisc box set was released in 1995). One Universal/Columbia co-production issued by MCA Disco Vision in both CAV and CLV versions, The Electric Horseman, is still not available in any other home video format with its original score intact; even the most recent DVD release has had substantial music replacements of both instrumental score and Willie Nelson's songs. An MCA release of Universal's Howard the Duck, sees only the start credits shown in widescreen before changing to 4:3 for the rest of the film. For many years this was the only disc-based release of the film, until widescreen DVD formats were released with extras. Also, the LaserDisc release of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is the only format to include the cut scene of Harrison Ford playing the part of the school headmaster telling off Elliott for letting the frogs free in the biology class.

question: What other companies did MCA manufacture discs for?, answer: Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros | question: What quirk is present in MCA's release of Howard the Duck?, answer: only the start credits shown in widescreen before changing to 4:3 for the rest of the film | question: What is unique about the LaserDisc release of E.T.?, answer: only format to include the cut scene of Harrison Ford playing the part of the school headmaster | question: Which film is only available with its original score in LD format , even today?, answer: The Electric Horseman
During the feudal and colonial times in British India, hunting was regarded as a regal sport in the numerous princely states, as many maharajas and nawabs, as well as British officers, maintained a whole corps of shikaris (big-game hunters), who were native professional hunters. They would be headed by a master of the hunt, who might be styled mir-shikar. Often, they recruited the normally low-ranking local tribes because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques. Big game, such as Bengal tigers, might be hunted from the back of an elephant.

question: What was hunting regarded as in British India?, answer: regal sport | question: What does the Indian word "shikaris" mean in English?, answer: big-game hunters | question: What did British officers maintain whole corps of?, answer: shikaris | question: Why did the regals recruit low-ranking local tribes when hunting?, answer: because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques | question: What could a Bengal tiger be hunted from the back of?, answer: an elephant | question: Where was hunting reguarded as a regal sport?, answer: British India | question: What is hunted from the back of an elephant?, answer: Bengal tigers | question: Who did British officers maintain?, answer: shikaris | question: Who were the shikaris headed by?, answer: master of the hunt | question: Why were low-ranking local tribes recruited?, answer: because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques
During the fighting, the Communards killed c. 500 people, including the Archbishop of Paris, and burned down many government buildings, including the Tuileries Palace and the Hotel de Ville. Communards captured with weapons were routinely shot by the army and Government troops killed from 7,000–30,000 Communards in the fighting and in massacres of men, women, and children during and after the Commune. More recent histories, based on studies of the number buried in Paris cemeteries and in mass graves after the fall of the Commune, put the number killed at between 6,000 and 10,000. Twenty-six courts were established to try more than 40,000 people who had been arrested, which took until 1875 and imposed 95 death sentences, of which 23 were inflicted. Forced labour for life was imposed on 251 people, 1,160 people were transported to "a fortified place" and 3,417 people were transported. About 20,000 Communards were held in prison hulks until released in 1872 and a great many Communards fled abroad to England, Switzerland, Belgium or the United States. The survivors were amnestied by a bill introduced by Gambetta in 1880 and allowed to return.

question: How many were killed by the Communards?, answer: 500 people | question: Which religious official was also killed during the fighting?, answer: Archbishop of Paris | question: What type of buildings were especially targeted to be burned down?, answer: government buildings | question: What famous palace was also burned down?, answer: Tuileries Palace | question: What is the rough estimate of the number of people killed?, answer: between 6,000 and 10,000
During the first four days of the war, the general population of the Arab world believed Arab radio station fabrications of imminent Arab victory. On 9 June, Nasser appeared on television to inform Egypt's citizens of their country's defeat. He announced his resignation on television later that day, and ceded all presidential powers to his then-Vice President Zakaria Mohieddin, who had no prior information of this decision and refused to accept the post. Hundreds of thousands of sympathizers poured into the streets in mass demonstrations throughout Egypt and across the Arab world rejecting his resignation, chanting, "We are your soldiers, Gamal!" Nasser retracted his decision the next day.

question: What propaganda were Arab media broadcasting at the beginning of the war?, answer: imminent Arab victory | question: What day did Nasser announce Egypt's defeat?, answer: 9 June | question: What did Nasser do about his position as President?, answer: announced his resignation | question: Who rejected Nasser's offer to become the new president?, answer: Zakaria Mohieddin | question: What did Nasser do after mass demonstrations?, answer: retracted his decision
During the first half of the 1920s, engineers at Western Electric, as well as independent inventors such as Orlando Marsh, developed technology for capturing sound with a microphone, amplifying it with vacuum tubes, then using the amplified signal to drive an electromagnetic recording head. Western Electric's innovations resulted in a greatly expanded and more even frequency response, creating a dramatically fuller, clearer and more natural-sounding recording. Distant or less strong sounds that were impossible to record by the old methods could now be captured. Volume was now limited only by the groove spacing on the record and the limitations of the intended playback device. Victor and Columbia licensed the new electrical system from Western Electric and began issuing electrically recorded discs in 1925. The first classical recording was of Chopin impromptus and Schubert's Litanei by Alfred Cortot for Victor.

question: What was an early took used to amplify sounds?, answer: vacuum tubes | question: What company was vital in progression of quality sound recordings?, answer: Western Electric | question: How early were electrically recorded discs made available for purchase?, answer: 1925 | question: What was new about the way Western Electrics method of capturing sound?, answer: microphone | question: How could the sounds produced by Western Electric be described?, answer: fuller, clearer and more natural
During the five-years from the end of 2004 through 2009, worldwide renewable energy capacity grew at rates of 10–60 percent annually for many technologies. In 2011, UN under-secretary general Achim Steiner said: "The continuing growth in this core segment of the green economy is not happening by chance. The combination of government target-setting, policy support and stimulus funds is underpinning the renewable industry's rise and bringing the much needed transformation of our global energy system within reach." He added: "Renewable energies are expanding both in terms of investment, projects and geographical spread. In doing so, they are making an increasing contribution to combating climate change, countering energy poverty and energy insecurity".

question: Who was the UN under-secretary in 2011?, answer: Achim Steiner | question: Between what years did worldwide renewable energy capacity grow at rates of 10 to 60 percent annually?, answer: 2004 through 2009 | question: Who is Achim Steiner?, answer: UN under-secretary general
During the initial punk era, a variety of entrepreneurs interested in local punk-influenced music scenes began founding independent record labels, including Rough Trade (founded by record shop owner Geoff Travis) and Factory (founded by Manchester-based television personality Tony Wilson). By 1977, groups began pointedly pursuing methods of releasing music independently , an idea disseminated in particular by the Buzzcocks' release of their Spiral Scratch EP on their own label as well as the self-released 1977 singles of Desperate Bicycles. These DIY imperatives would help form the production and distribution infrastructure of post-punk and the indie music scene that later blossomed in the mid-1980s.

question: WHich independent music company was founded by Geoff Travis?, answer: Rough Trade | question: Who founded Factory?, answer: Tony Wilson | question: When did releasing music indepentently really hit popularity?, answer: 1977 | question: Who released Spiral Scratch on their own label?, answer: Buzzcocks | question: When did the indoe music scene begin to grow?, answer: mid-1980s | question: What did many entrepreneurs interested in their local punk-influenced music scenes found?, answer: independent record labels | question: Who founded the record label Rough Trade?, answer: Geoff Travis | question: Where was Tony Wilson's Factory based?, answer: Manchester | question: When did some groups start looking for methods to release their music themselves?, answer: 1977 | question: Whose label did the Buzzcocks release their Spiral Scratch EP on?, answer: their own
During the last century, decreases in biodiversity have been increasingly observed. In 2007, German Federal Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel cited estimates that up to 30% of all species will be extinct by 2050. Of these, about one eighth of known plant species are threatened with extinction. Estimates reach as high as 140,000 species per year (based on Species-area theory). This figure indicates unsustainable ecological practices, because few species emerge each year.[citation needed] Almost all scientists acknowledge that the rate of species loss is greater now than at any time in human history, with extinctions occurring at rates hundreds of times higher than background extinction rates. As of 2012, some studies suggest that 25% of all mammal species could be extinct in 20 years.

question: Who is the German Federal Environment Minister?, answer: Sigmar Gabriel | question: What year did Gabriel estimate 30% of of all species will be extinct by?, answer: 2050 | question: How many plant species are close to extinction?, answer: about one eighth | question: 2012 studies estimated what percentage of mammals could be extinct in 20 years?, answer: 25%