lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The primary purpose of a web browser is to bring information resources to the user ("retrieval" or "fetching"), allowing them to view the information ("display", "rendering"), and then access other information ("navigation", "following links").

question: What is the main use of a browser?, answer: to bring information resources to the user
The primary responsibility for a boy's studies lies with his House Master, but he is assisted by an additional director of studies, known as a tutor. Classes, colloquially known as "divs" (divisions), are organised on a School basis; the classrooms are separate from the houses. New school buildings have appeared for teaching purposes every decade or so since New Schools, designed by Henry Woodyer and built 1861-3. Despite the introduction of modern technology, the external appearance and locations of many of the classrooms have remained unchanged for a long time.

question: With whom does the primary responsibility for a student's leaning lie?, answer: House Master | question: Who designed the learning buildings at Eton?, answer: Henry Woodyer | question: Are living houses and classrooms seperate or conjoined?, answer: separate | question: What other term is given to the director of studies?, answer: tutor
The primary site of infection in the lungs, known as the "Ghon focus", is generally located in either the upper part of the lower lobe, or the lower part of the upper lobe. Tuberculosis of the lungs may also occur via infection from the blood stream. This is known as a Simon focus and is typically found in the top of the lung. This hematogenous transmission can also spread infection to more distant sites, such as peripheral lymph nodes, the kidneys, the brain, and the bones. All parts of the body can be affected by the disease, though for unknown reasons it rarely affects the heart, skeletal muscles, pancreas, or thyroid.

question: What two-word phrase is used for the main part of the lungs infected by TB?, answer: Ghon focus | question: If the lungs are infected by TB via bloodstream, what's the type of focus?, answer: Simon focus | question: In what general area of the lungs is SImon focus usually located?, answer: the top | question: What is the term that describes a blood-borne infection, like TB when it travels through the blood to the kidneys or brain?, answer: hematogenous | question: Four areas of the body are usually safe from TB infection, including skeletal muscles, heart, and thyroid; what's the fourth?, answer: pancreas
The primary source of rain in the Sahara is the equatorial low a continuous belt of low-pressure systems near the equator which bring the brief, short and irregular rainy season to the Sahel and the southern Sahara. The Sahara doesn't lack precipitation because of a lack of moisture, but due to the lack of a precipitation-generating mechanism. Rainfall in this giant desert has to overcome the physical and atmospheric barriers that normally prevent the production of precipitation. The harsh climate of the Sahara is characterized by extremely low, unreliable, highly erratic rainfall; extremely high sunshine duration values; high temperatures year-round; negligible rates of relative humidity, a significant diurnal temperature variation and extremely high levels of potential evaporation which are the highest recorded worldwide.

question: What is the primary source of rain in the Sahara?, answer: low-pressure systems | question: What is the reason the Sahara lacks moisture?, answer: lack of a precipitation-generating mechanism | question: What does the desert have to overcome?, answer: barriers that normally prevent the production of precipitation | question: What is the temperature like year around in the desert?, answer: high temperatures year-round
The principal battles of the stalemate include the Battle of Bloody Ridge (18 August–15 September 1951), the Battle of the Punchbowl (31 August-21 September 1951), the Battle of Heartbreak Ridge (13 September–15 October 1951), the Battle of Old Baldy (26 June–4 August 1952), the Battle of White Horse (6–15 October 1952), the Battle of Triangle Hill (14 October–25 November 1952), the Battle of Hill Eerie (21 March–21 June 1952), the sieges of Outpost Harry (10–18 June 1953), the Battle of the Hook (28–29 May 1953), the Battle of Pork Chop Hill (23 March–16 July 1953), and the Battle of Kumsong (13–27 July 1953).

question: When was the Battle of White Horse?, answer: 6–15 October 1952 | question: What year was the Battle of Bloody Ridge?, answer: 1951 | question: What was the shortest of the major battles fought during the stalemate?, answer: the Battle of the Hook
The principal fighting occurred between the Bolshevik Red Army and the forces of the White Army. Many foreign armies warred against the Red Army, notably the Allied Forces, yet many volunteer foreigners fought in both sides of the Russian Civil War. Other nationalist and regional political groups also participated in the war, including the Ukrainian nationalist Green Army, the Ukrainian anarchist Black Army and Black Guards, and warlords such as Ungern von Sternberg. The most intense fighting took place from 1918 to 1920. Major military operations ended on 25 October 1922 when the Red Army occupied Vladivostok, previously held by the Provisional Priamur Government. The last enclave of the White Forces was the Ayano-Maysky District on the Pacific coast. The majority of the fighting ended in 1920 with the defeat of General Pyotr Wrangel in the Crimea, but a notable resistance in certain areas continued until 1923 (e.g., Kronstadt Uprising, Tambov Rebellion, Basmachi Revolt, and the final resistance of the White movement in the Far East).

question: Who was the principal fighting between?, answer: Bolshevik Red Army and the forces of the White Army. | question: In what time period did the most brutal battles occur?, answer: 1918 to 1920 | question: What general was defeated in 1920?, answer: General Pyotr Wrangel | question: When did the major military operation end?, answer: 25 October 1922 | question: Where did the last Resistance from the White movement occur?, answer: Far East
The principal gods of the ancient Greek religion were the Dodekatheon, or the Twelve Gods, who lived on the top of Mount Olympus. The most important of all ancient Greek gods was Zeus, the king of the gods, who was married to Hera, who was also Zeus's sister. The other Greek gods that made up the Twelve Olympians were Demeter, Ares, Poseidon, Athena, Dionysus, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Hephaestus and Hermes. Apart from these twelve gods, Greeks also had a variety of other mystical beliefs, such as nymphs and other magical creatures.

question: Where did the mythical Greek gods live?, answer: Mount Olympus | question: The main gods of ancient Greece known as the what?, answer: Dodekatheon | question: The most important of the ancient gods was who?, answer: Zeus | question: Zeus was married to which goddess?, answer: Hera | question: Who was Zeus's sister?, answer: Hera
The principal official languages (German, French, and Italian) have terms, not used outside of Switzerland, known as Helvetisms. German Helvetisms are, roughly speaking, a large group of words typical of Swiss Standard German, which do not appear either in Standard German, nor in other German dialects. These include terms from Switzerland's surrounding language cultures (German Billette from French), from similar term in another language (Italian azione used not only as act but also as discount from German Aktion). The French spoken in Switzerland has similar terms, which are equally known as Helvetisms. The most frequent characteristics of Helvetisms are in vocabulary, phrases, and pronunciation, but certain Helvetisms denote themselves as special in syntax and orthography likewise. Duden, one of the prescriptive sources for Standard German, is aware of about 3000 Helvetisms. Current French dictionaries, such as the Petit Larousse, include several hundred Helvetisms.

question: What are terms that are not used outside of Switzerland known as?, answer: Helvetisms | question: Where are the most frequent characteristics of Helvetisms found?, answer: vocabulary, phrases, and pronunciation | question: What do current French dictionaries include several hundred of?, answer: Helvetisms
The principle of the modern computer was first described by mathematician and pioneering computer scientist Alan Turing, who set out the idea in his seminal 1936 paper, On Computable Numbers. Turing reformulated Kurt Gödel's 1931 results on the limits of proof and computation, replacing Gödel's universal arithmetic-based formal language with the formal and simple hypothetical devices that became known as Turing machines. He proved that some such machine would be capable of performing any conceivable mathematical computation if it were representable as an algorithm. He went on to prove that there was no solution to the Entscheidungsproblem by first showing that the halting problem for Turing machines is undecidable: in general, it is not possible to decide algorithmically whether a given Turing machine will ever halt.

question: Who wrote the paper "On Computable Numbers"?, answer: Alan Turing | question: When did Alan Turing write the paper, "On Computable Numbers"?, answer: 1936 | question: Who did Turing revise the results on the limits of proof and computation in 1931?, answer: Kurt Gödel
The principles of phonological analysis can be applied independently of modality because they are designed to serve as general analytical tools, not language-specific ones. The same principles have been applied to the analysis of sign languages (see Phonemes in sign languages), even though the sub-lexical units are not instantiated as speech sounds.

question: Instead of being language-specific what kind of tools are the principles of phonological analysis designed to be?, answer: general analytical tools | question: What other types of language have the phonological analysis principles been applied to?, answer: sign languages | question: What are the principles of phonological analysis able to be applied separately from?, answer: modality | question: In sign languages what are not represented as instances of speech sounds?, answer: sub-lexical units
The printed circuit board industry defines heavy copper as layers exceeding three ounces of copper, or approximately 0.0042 inches (4.2 mils, 105 μm) thick. PCB designers and fabricators often use heavy copper when design and manufacturing circuit boards in order to increase current-carrying capacity as well as resistance to thermal strains. Heavy copper plated vias transfer heat to external heat sinks. IPC 2152 is a standard for determining current-carrying capacity of printed circuit board traces.

question: What's the minimum amount of copper a layer in a PCB can have to be considered "heavy copper"?, answer: three ounces | question: About how thick would a PCB layer be if it contained three oz. of copper?, answer: 0.0042 inches | question: What will a circuit board with heavy copper carry very well?, answer: current | question: What would a PCB designer use heavy copper to make their circuit board resist?, answer: thermal strains | question: Where does the heat go when it leaves heavy copper-plated vias?, answer: external heat sinks
The pro-decolonisation Labour government, elected at the 1945 general election and led by Clement Attlee, moved quickly to tackle the most pressing issue facing the empire: that of Indian independence. India's two major political parties—the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League—had been campaigning for independence for decades, but disagreed as to how it should be implemented. Congress favoured a unified secular Indian state, whereas the League, fearing domination by the Hindu majority, desired a separate Islamic state for Muslim-majority regions. Increasing civil unrest and the mutiny of the Royal Indian Navy during 1946 led Attlee to promise independence no later than 1948. When the urgency of the situation and risk of civil war became apparent, the newly appointed (and last) Viceroy, Lord Mountbatten, hastily brought forward the date to 15 August 1947. The borders drawn by the British to broadly partition India into Hindu and Muslim areas left tens of millions as minorities in the newly independent states of India and Pakistan. Millions of Muslims subsequently crossed from India to Pakistan and Hindus vice versa, and violence between the two communities cost hundreds of thousands of lives. Burma, which had been administered as part of the British Raj, and Sri Lanka gained their independence the following year in 1948. India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka became members of the Commonwealth, while Burma chose not to join.

question: Who led the British government elected in 1945?, answer: Clement Attlee | question: What were India's two largest political parties in the 1940s?, answer: the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League | question: What was India's majority religion in the 1940s?, answer: Hindu | question: When India was split into Hindu and Muslim areas, what country did the Muslim area become?, answer: Pakistan | question: When did Burma get its independence?, answer: 1948
The problem of the direction of time arises directly from two contradictory facts. Firstly, the fundamental physical laws are time-reversal invariant; if a cinematographic film were taken of any process describable by means of the aforementioned laws and then played backwards, it would still portray a physically possible process. Secondly, our experience of time, at the macroscopic level, is not time-reversal invariant. Glasses can fall and break, but shards of glass cannot reassemble and fly up onto tables. We have memories of the past, and none of the future. We feel we can't change the past but can influence the future.

question: How many contradictory facts does the problem of the direction of time arise from?, answer: two | question: What kind of physical laws are time-reversal invariant?, answer: fundamental | question: If if a cinematographic film were taken by means of physical laws and then played backwards, it would still portray what?, answer: physically possible process | question: How is our experience of time at the macro level?, answer: not time-reversal invariant | question: What do we not have memories of?, answer: the future
The problem of the flow of time, as it has been treated in analytic philosophy, owes its beginning to a paper written by J. M. E. McTaggart. In this paper McTaggart proposes two "temporal series". The first series, which means to account for our intuitions about temporal becoming, or the moving Now, is called the A-series. The A-series orders events according to their being in the past, present or future, simpliciter and in comparison to each other. The B-series eliminates all reference to the present, and the associated temporal modalities of past and future, and orders all events by the temporal relations earlier than and later than.

question: Who started the discussion within analytic philosophy on the problem of the flow of time?, answer: J. M. E. McTaggart | question: How many "temporal series" did McTaggart propose?, answer: two | question: What was McTaggart's first series called?, answer: the A-series | question: The A-Series orders events according to their being in the past, present or future and in comparison to what else?, answer: each other | question: What is McTaggart's second series called?, answer: The B-series
The process of desegregation at Washington University began in 1947 with the School of Medicine and the School of Social Work. During the mid and late 1940s, the University was the target of critical editorials in the local African American press, letter-writing campaigns by churches and the local Urban League, and legal briefs by the NAACP intended to strip its tax-exempt status. In spring 1949, a Washington University student group, the Student Committee for the Admission of Negroes (SCAN), began campaigning for full racial integration. In May 1952, the Board of Trustees passed a resolution desegregating the school's undergraduate divisions.

question: When did Washington University begin desegregation?, answer: 1947 | question: What were the first schools to become integrated at Washington University?, answer: the School of Medicine and the School of Social Work | question: What student group campaigned for full integration at Washington University in 1949?, answer: the Student Committee for the Admission of Negroes (SCAN) | question: What organization sought to strip Washington University of its tax-exempt status in the 1940's?, answer: the NAACP | question: When did the Board of Trustees pass a resolution to desegregate the Washington University undergraduate division?, answer: May 1952
The process of founding the country's public university began on 11 June 1833 with the passage of a law proposed by Senator Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga. It called for the creation of nine academic departments; the President of the Republic would pass a decree formally creating the departments once the majority of them were in operation. In 1836, the House of General Studies was formed, housing the departments of Latin, philosophy, mathematics, theology and jurisprudence. On 27 May 1838, Manuel Oribe passed a decree establishing the Greater University of the Republic. That decree had few practical effects, given the institutional instability of the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay at that time.

question: When did the process of funding the country's public university begin?, answer: 11 June 1833 | question: Who proposed the law that began the process of funding the country's public university?, answer: Senator Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga | question: When was the House of General Studies formed?, answer: 1836 | question: When did Manuel Oribe pass a decree establishing the Greater University of the Republic?, answer: 27 May 1838
The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons is classified as homebrewing regardless of where it is made, though most homebrewed beer is made in the home. Brewing beer is subject to legislation and taxation in developed countries, which from the late 19th century largely restricted brewing to a commercial operation only. However, the UK government relaxed legislation in 1963, followed by Australia in 1972 and the US in 1978, allowing homebrewing to become a popular hobby.

question: What is the process of making beer called?, answer: brewing | question: What is a building called that is used for making beer?, answer: a brewery | question: What is company that makes beer typically known as?, answer: a brewing company | question: What is beer classified as when it is made for non-commerical consumption?, answer: homebrewing | question: In what year was home brewing first allowed in the UK?, answer: 1963
The process of morphological derivation in Catalan follows the same principles as the other Romance languages, where agglutination is common. Many times, several affixes are appended to a preexisting lexeme, and some sound alternations can occur, for example elèctric [əˈlɛktrik] ("electrical") vs. electricitat [ələktrisiˈtat]. Prefixes are usually appended to verbs, for as in preveure ("foresee").

question: What is common in Romance languages?, answer: agglutination | question: What kind of derivation in Catalan is similar to other languages?, answer: morphological | question: What word additive is usually added to verbs?, answer: Prefixes | question: What other word changes can occur in derivations?, answer: sound alternations | question: What word supplement can be put on an already existing word base?, answer: affixes
The process of polonization took place over a lengthy period of time. At first only the highest members of the nobility were involved, although gradually a wider group of the population was affected. The major effects on the lesser Lithuanian nobility took place after various sanctions were imposed by the Russian Empire such as removing Lithuania from the names of the Gubernyas few years after the November Uprising. After the January Uprising the sanctions went further, and Russian officials announced that "Lithuanians are Russians seduced by Poles and Catholicism" and began to intensify russification, and to ban the printing of books in the Lithuanian language.

question: WHo was first invloved in the polonization?, answer: the highest members of the nobility | question: Who imposed various sanction on the people?, answer: Russian Empire | question: What was an example of imposing sanctions on lithuanians?, answer: removing Lithuania from the names of the Gubernyas | question: What did the russian officials announce as a sanction?, answer: "Lithuanians are Russians seduced by Poles and Catholicism" | question: What language was banned from printing on books?, answer: Lithuanian language.
The process of selectio resembles eclectic textual criticism, but applied to a restricted set of hypothetical hyparchetypes. The steps of examinatio and emendatio resemble copy-text editing. In fact, the other techniques can be seen as special cases of stemmatics in which a rigorous family history of the text cannot be determined but only approximated. If it seems that one manuscript is by far the best text, then copy text editing is appropriate, and if it seems that a group of manuscripts are good, then eclecticism on that group would be proper.

question: Which steps most closely resembles copy-text editing?, answer: examinatio and emendatio | question: What process is best used when only one manuscript is viable?, answer: copy text editing | question: What process is best used when there are a number of viable manuscripts available?, answer: eclecticism
The process was completed in 27 BC when the Roman Emperor Augustus annexed the rest of Greece and constituted it as the senatorial province of Achaea. Despite their military superiority, the Romans admired and became heavily influenced by the achievements of Greek culture, hence Horace's famous statement: Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit ("Greece, although captured, took its wild conqueror captive"). The epics of Homer inspired the Aeneid of Virgil, and authors such as Seneca the younger wrote using Greek styles. Roman heroes such as Scipio Africanus, tended to study philosophy and regarded Greek culture and science as an example to be followed. Similarly, most Roman emperors maintained an admiration for things Greek in nature. The Roman Emperor Nero visited Greece in AD 66, and performed at the Ancient Olympic Games, despite the rules against non-Greek participation. Hadrian was also particularly fond of the Greeks; before he became emperor he served as an eponymous archon of Athens.

question: What Roman Emperor became the ruler of all of Greece?, answer: Augustus | question: What saying by Horace became famous?, answer: "Greece, although captured, took its wild conqueror captive" | question: What famous Roman figure visited Greece in 66 AD?, answer: Nero | question: What famous Grecian author inspired later authors and their works?, answer: Homer | question: What hero of Rome studied Greek philosophy and science?, answer: Scipio Africanus