lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, "a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566." Although there are dissenting scholars, most historians point to "degenerate Sultans, incompetent Grand Viziers, debilitated and ill-equipped armies, corrupt officials, avaricious speculators, grasping enemies, and treacherous friends." The main cause was a failure of leadership, as Lee argues the first 10 sultans from 1292 to 1566, with one exception, had performed admirably. The next 13 sultans from 1566 to 1703, with two exceptions, were lackadaisical or incompetent rulers, says Lee. In a highly centralized system, the failure at the center proved fatal. A direct result was the strengthening of provincial elites who increasingly ignored Constantinople. Secondly the military strength of European enemies grew stronger and stronger, while the Ottoman armies and arms scarcely improved. Finally the Ottoman economic system grew distorted and impoverished, as war caused inflation, world trade moved in other directions, and the deterioration of law and order made economic progress difficult.

question: Who argues that there was steep decline and stagnation after the death of Suleiman?, answer: Stephen Lee | question: In what year did Suleiman die?, answer: 1566 | question: By what year was it argued that the Ottoman empire was merely "a shadow" of what it was in 1566?, answer: 1699 | question: Beginning and ending with what years does Lee argue that the rules of the Empire were incompetent?, answer: 1566 to 1703 | question: What factor caused inflation in the Ottoman empire?, answer: war
The standard PlayStation 3 version of the XrossMediaBar (pronounced Cross Media Bar, or abbreviated XMB) includes nine categories of options. These are: Users, Settings, Photo, Music, Video, TV/Video Services, Game, Network, PlayStation Network and Friends (similar to the PlayStation Portable media bar). TheTV/Video Services category is for services like Netflix and/or if PlayTV or torne is installed; the first category in this section is "My Channels", which lets users download various streaming services, including Sony's own streaming services Crackle and PlayStation Vue. By default, the What's New section of PlayStation Network is displayed when the system starts up. PS3 includes the ability to store various master and secondary user profiles, manage and explore photos with or without a musical slide show, play music and copy audio CD tracks to an attached data storage device, play movies and video files from the hard disk drive, an optical disc (Blu-ray Disc or DVD-Video) or an optional USB mass storage or Flash card, compatibility for a USB keyboard and mouse and a web browser supporting compatible-file download function. Additionally, UPnP media will appear in the respective audio/video/photo categories if a compatible media server or DLNA server is detected on the local network. The Friends menu allows mail with emoticon and attached picture features and video chat which requires an optional PlayStation Eye or EyeToy webcam. The Network menu allows online shopping through the PlayStation Store and connectivity to PlayStation Portable via Remote Play.

question: How is "XrossMediaBar" abbreviated?, answer: XMB | question: How many options categories display in the standard PS3 XrossMediaBar?, answer: nine | question: One of Sony's streaming services is the PlayStation Vue; what's the other one called?, answer: Crackle | question: When you start up your PS3, what's the first section of the PS Network you see?, answer: What's New | question: What menu would you use to set up a video chat?, answer: Friends
The standard SNES controller adds two additional face buttons (X and Y) to the design of the NES iteration, arranging the four in a diamond shape, and introduces two shoulder buttons. It also features an ergonomic design by Lance Barr, later used for the NES-102 model controllers, also designed by Barr. The Japanese and PAL region versions incorporate the colors of the four action buttons into system's logo. The North American version's buttons are colored to match the redesigned console; the X and Y buttons are lavender with concave faces, and the A and B buttons are purple with convex faces. Several later consoles derive elements of their controller design from the SNES, including the PlayStation, Dreamcast, Xbox, and Wii Classic Controller.

question: What face buttons do SNES controllers have that NES controllers didn't?, answer: X and Y | question: How many shoulder buttons do SNES controllers have?, answer: two | question: Who designed the SNES controllers?, answer: Lance Barr | question: What color are the US SNES controllers' X and Y buttons?, answer: lavender | question: What color are the US SNES controllers' A and B buttons?, answer: purple
The standard connectors were deliberately intended to enforce the directed topology of a USB network: Type-A receptacles on host devices that supply power and Type-B receptacles on target devices that draw power. This prevents users from accidentally connecting two USB power supplies to each other, which could lead to short circuits and dangerously high currents, circuit failures, or even fire. USB does not support cyclic networks and the standard connectors from incompatible USB devices are themselves incompatible.

question: What do Type-A receptacles do on host devices?, answer: supply power | question: What do Type-b receptacles do on target devices?, answer: draw power | question: What do the receptacles prevent user from doing?, answer: from accidentally connecting two USB power supplies to each other | question: What networks do USB not support?, answer: cyclic networks
The standard connectors were designed to be robust. Because USB is hot-pluggable, the connectors would be used more frequently, and perhaps with less care, than other connectors. Many previous connector designs were fragile, specifying embedded component pins or other delicate parts that were vulnerable to bending or breaking. The electrical contacts in a USB connector are protected by an adjacent plastic tongue, and the entire connecting assembly is usually protected by an enclosing metal sheath.

question: Standard connectors were designed to be what?, answer: robust | question: Why were standard connectors designed to be so robust?, answer: the connectors would be used more frequently | question: What as a drawback of previous connectors?, answer: Many previous connector designs were fragile | question: How are the electrical contents of a USB connector protected?, answer: by an adjacent plastic tongue | question: How is the entire connecting assembly of a USB connector protected?, answer: by an enclosing metal sheath
The standard home video LaserDisc was 30 cm (12 in) in diameter and made up of two single-sided aluminum discs layered in plastic. Although appearing similar to compact discs or DVDs, LaserDiscs used analog video stored in the composite domain (having a video bandwidth approximately equivalent to the 1-inch (25 mm) C-Type VTR format) with analog FM stereo sound and PCM digital audio. The LaserDisc at its most fundamental level was still recorded as a series of pits and lands much like CDs, DVDs, and even Blu-ray Discs are today. However, while the encoding is of a binary nature, the information is encoded as analog pulse width modulation with a 50% duty cycle, where the information is contained in the lengths and spacing of the pits. In true digital media the pits, or their edges, directly represent 1s and 0s of a binary digital information stream. Early LaserDiscs featured in 1978 were entirely analog but the format evolved to incorporate digital stereo sound in CD format (sometimes with a TOSlink or coax output to feed an external DAC), and later multi-channel formats such as Dolby Digital and DTS.

question: How large was a standard LaserDisc?, answer: 30 cm (12 in) in diameter | question: What numbers are used in Binary information coding?, answer: 1s and 0s | question: Were the ealiest LaserDiscs in 1978 analog or digitally formatted?, answer: analog
The standard specifies how speed ratings should be reported by the camera. If the noise-based speed (40:1) is higher than the saturation-based speed, the noise-based speed should be reported, rounded downwards to a standard value (e.g. 200, 250, 320, or 400). The rationale is that exposure according to the lower saturation-based speed would not result in a visibly better image. In addition, an exposure latitude can be specified, ranging from the saturation-based speed to the 10:1 noise-based speed. If the noise-based speed (40:1) is lower than the saturation-based speed, or undefined because of high noise, the saturation-based speed is specified, rounded upwards to a standard value, because using the noise-based speed would lead to overexposed images. The camera may also report the SOS-based speed (explicitly as being an SOS speed), rounded to the nearest standard speed rating.

question: What is the range for exposure latitude?, answer: from the saturation-based speed to the 10:1 noise-based speed | question: What is another speed that can also be reported by the camera?, answer: SOS-based speed | question: When should the noise-based speed be used?, answer: the noise-based speed (40:1) is higher than the saturation-based speed | question: Why should noise-based speed be rounded down to a lower standard?, answer: exposure according to the lower saturation-based speed would not result in a visibly better image | question: What does the standard specify?, answer: how speed ratings should be reported by the camera
The standing wave forms with this desired pattern at the design frequency, f0, and antennas are normally designed to be this size. However, feeding that element with 3f0 (whose wavelength is 1⁄3 that of f0) will also lead to a standing wave pattern. Thus, an antenna element is also resonant when its length is 3⁄4 of a wavelength. This is true for all odd multiples of 1⁄4 wavelength. This allows some flexibility of design in terms of antenna lengths and feed points. Antennas used in such a fashion are known to be harmonically operated.

question: What frequency are antennas normally designed to be?, answer: f0 | question: What can be added to f0 to create a standing wave pattern?, answer: 3f0 | question: What multiple is essential for wavelengths?, answer: 1⁄4 | question: How are waves which are used in the ways discussed controlled?, answer: harmonically
The staple foods were generally consumed around 11 o'clock, and consisted of bread, lettuce, cheese, fruits, nuts, and cold meat left over from the dinner the night before.[citation needed] The Roman poet Horace mentions another Roman favorite, the olive, in reference to his own diet, which he describes as very simple: "As for me, olives, endives, and smooth mallows provide sustenance." The family ate together, sitting on stools around a table. Fingers were used to eat solid foods and spoons were used for soups.[citation needed]

question: When were the staple foods in the Roman republic typically eaten at?, answer: 11 o'clock | question: What did people in the Roman Republic use to consume solid foods?, answer: Fingers were used | question: What type of food was cheese considered to be in Rome?, answer: staple | question: What form of expression did the Roman Horace practice?, answer: poet | question: What did Romans sit on when they had a meal at home?, answer: stools
The staple products of Samoa are copra (dried coconut meat), cocoa bean (for chocolate), and bananas. The annual production of both bananas and copra has been in the range of 13,000 to 15,000 metric tons (about 14,500 to 16,500 short tons). If the rhinoceros beetle in Samoa were eradicated, Samoa could produce in excess of 40,000 metric tons (44,000 short tons) of copra. Samoan cocoa beans are of very high quality and used in fine New Zealand chocolates. Most are Criollo-Forastero hybrids. Coffee grows well, but production has been uneven. WSTEC is the biggest coffee producer. Rubber has been produced in Samoa for many years, but its export value has little impact on the economy.[citation needed]

question: What is copra?, answer: dried coconut meat | question: How many metric tons of bananas and copra does Samoa produce each year?, answer: 13,000 to 15,000 | question: What pest is the greatest threat to Samoan crops?, answer: rhinoceros beetle | question: Are the cocoa beans grown in Samoa high or low quality?, answer: high quality | question: What company produces more coffee than any other in Samoa?, answer: WSTEC
The starch source in a beer provides the fermentable material and is a key determinant of the strength and flavour of the beer. The most common starch source used in beer is malted grain. Grain is malted by soaking it in water, allowing it to begin germination, and then drying the partially germinated grain in a kiln. Malting grain produces enzymes that convert starches in the grain into fermentable sugars. Different roasting times and temperatures are used to produce different colours of malt from the same grain. Darker malts will produce darker beers.

question: What is generally used as starch in most beer?, answer: malted grain | question: How does grain become malted?, answer: by soaking it in water | question: What kind of container is partially germinated grain dried in?, answer: a kiln | question: What happens to grain when it is soaked in water?, answer: germination | question: What does a grains starch become after an is malted?, answer: fermentable sugars
The state (like its southwestern neighbors) has had close linguistic and cultural ties with Mexico. The state outside the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 was part of the New Mexico Territory until 1863, when the western half was made into the Arizona Territory. The area of the former Gadsden Purchase contained a majority of Spanish-speakers until the 1940s, although the Tucson area had a higher ratio of anglophones (including Mexican Americans who were fluent in English); the continuous arrival of Mexican settlers increases the number of Spanish-speakers.

question: Has some states like Arizona embraced their Mexican history?, answer: The state (like its southwestern neighbors) has had close linguistic and cultural ties with Mexico | question: What is the states history?, answer: The state outside the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 was part of the New Mexico Territory until 1863, when the western half was made into the Arizona Territory. | question: Has New Mexico had a majority of Spanish speaking natives., answer: The area of the former Gadsden Purchase contained a majority of Spanish-speakers until the 1940s | question: Are Arizona and New Mexico residents speaking Spanish or English?, answer: the continuous arrival of Mexican settlers increases the number of Spanish-speakers.
The state government left Philadelphia in 1799, and the federal government was moved to Washington, DC in 1800 with completion of the White House and Capitol. The city remained the young nation's largest with a population of nearly 50,000 at the turn of the 19th century; it was a financial and cultural center. Before 1800, its free black community founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), the first independent black denomination in the country, and the first black Episcopal Church. The free black community also established many schools for its children, with the help of Quakers. New York City soon surpassed Philadelphia in population, but with the construction of roads, canals, and railroads, Philadelphia became the first major industrial city in the United States.

question: When did the US government leave Philadelphia for D.C.?, answer: 1799 | question: What religion did the black community found?, answer: African Methodist Episcopal Church | question: Which city surpassed the population of Philadelphia?, answer: New York City | question: What type of economy did Philadelphia have?, answer: industrial
The state has a great diversity due to the large number of microclimates found and dramatic varying terrain. The flora throughout the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range varies with elevation. Pine (Pinus) and oak (Quercus) species are usually found at an elevation of 2,000 m (6,560 ft) above sea level. The most common species of flora found in the mountains are: Pinus, Quercus, Abies, Ficus, Vachellia, Ipomoea, Acacia, Lysiloma, Bursera, Vitex, Tabebuia, Sideroxylon, Cordia, Fouquieria, Pithecellobium. The state is home to one of the largest variation species of the genus Pinus in the world. The lower elevations have a steppe vegetation with a variety of grasses and small bushes. Several species of Juniperus dot the steppe and the transition zone.

question: The state has great diversity thanks to the large number of what?, answer: microclimates | question: What type of life varies greatly with the elevation in the mountains?, answer: flora | question: The state is home to one of the largest variation species of which genus?, answer: Pinus | question: Several species of which type dot the steppe and transition zone?, answer: Juniperus
The state has a rich history in ballet with five Native American ballerinas attaining worldwide fame. These were Yvonne Chouteau, sisters Marjorie and Maria Tallchief, Rosella Hightower and Moscelyne Larkin, known collectively as the Five Moons. The New York Times rates the Tulsa Ballet as one of the top ballet companies in the United States. The Oklahoma City Ballet and University of Oklahoma's dance program were formed by ballerina Yvonne Chouteau and husband Miguel Terekhov. The University program was founded in 1962 and was the first fully accredited program of its kind in the United States.

question: How many famous Native American ballerinas came from Oklahoma?, answer: five | question: What are Oklahoma's Native American ballerinas called?, answer: the Five Moons | question: What ballerina started the Oklahoma City Ballet?, answer: Yvonne Chouteau | question: When did the University of Oklahoma's dance program begin?, answer: 1962 | question: Which sisters were in the Five Moons?, answer: Marjorie and Maria Tallchief
The state has one city with a population exceeding one million: Ciudad Juárez. Ciudad Juárez is ranked eighth most populous city in the country and Chihuahua City was ranked 16th most populous in Mexico. Chihuahua (along with Baja California) is the only state in Mexico to have two cities ranked in the top 20 most populated. El Paso and Ciudad Juárez comprise one of the largest binational metropolitan areas in the world with a combined population of 2.4 million. In fact, Ciudad Juárez is one of the fastest growing cities in the world in spite of the fact that it is "the most violent zone in the world outside of declared war zones". For instance, a few years ago the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas published that in Ciudad Juárez "the average annual growth over the 10-year period 1990–2000 was 5.3 percent. Juárez experienced much higher population growth than the state of Chihuahua and than Mexico as a whole". Chihuahua City has one of the highest literacy rates in the country at 98%; 35% of the population is aged 14 or below, 60% 15-65, and 5% over 65. The growth rate is 2.4%. The 76.5% of the population of the state of Chihuahua live in cities which makes the state one of the most urbanized in Mexico.

question: Which city in the state exceeds one million?, answer: Ciudad Juárez | question: Juarez is ranked where among cities in the country?, answer: eighth | question: El Paso and Ciudad Juarez combine for a population of how many people?, answer: 2.4 million | question: What is the literacy rate in Chihuahua City?, answer: 98% | question: What percentage of people in Chihuahua live in cities?, answer: 76.5%
The state has the 12th-largest state economy in Mexico, accounting for 2.7% of the country’s GDP. Chihuahua has the fifth highest manufacturing GDP in Mexico and ranks second for the most factories funded by foreign investment in the country. As of 2011[update], the state had an estimated 396 billion pesos (31.1 billion dollars) of annual GDP. According to official federal statistical studies, the service sector accounted for the largest portion of the state economy at 59.28%; the manufacturing and industrial sector is estimated to account for 34.36% of the state's GDP, with the agricultural sector accounting for 6.36% of the state's GDP. Manufacturing sector was the principal foreign investment in the state followed by the mining sector. In 2011, the state received approximately 884 million dollars in remittances from the United States, which was 4.5% of all remittances from the United States to Mexico.

question: The state's economy ranks in what place in the country Mexico, answer: 12th-largest | question: What was the GDP of the state as of 2011?, answer: 396 billion pesos | question: Which sector was the largest portion of the economy?, answer: service sector | question: Which sector was the second largest?, answer: the manufacturing and industrial sector | question: The state received how much in remittances from the U.S. in 2011?, answer: 884 million dollars
The state has two primary newspapers. The Oklahoman, based in Oklahoma City, is the largest newspaper in the state and 54th-largest in the nation by circulation, with a weekday readership of 138,493 and a Sunday readership of 202,690. The Tulsa World, the second most widely circulated newspaper in Oklahoma and 79th in the nation, holds a Sunday circulation of 132,969 and a weekday readership of 93,558. Oklahoma's first newspaper was established in 1844, called the Cherokee Advocate, and was written in both Cherokee and English. In 2006, there were more than 220 newspapers located in the state, including 177 with weekly publications and 48 with daily publications.

question: How many major newspapers does Oklahoma have?, answer: two | question: What is the largest Oklahoma newspaper?, answer: The Oklahoman | question: How many people read the Sunday issue of The Oklahoman?, answer: 202,690 | question: What is the 2nd-largest Oklahoma newspaper?, answer: The Tulsa World | question: How many people read the Sunday issue of The Tulsa World?, answer: 132,969
The state holds populations of white-tailed deer, mule deer, antelope, coyotes, mountain lions, bobcats, elk, and birds such as quail, doves, cardinals, bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and pheasants. In prairie ecosystems, American bison, greater prairie chickens, badgers, and armadillo are common, and some of the nation's largest prairie dog towns inhabit shortgrass prairie in the state's panhandle. The Cross Timbers, a region transitioning from prairie to woodlands in Central Oklahoma, harbors 351 vertebrate species. The Ouachita Mountains are home to black bear, red fox, grey fox, and river otter populations, which coexist with a total of 328 vertebrate species in southeastern Oklahoma. Also, in southeastern Oklahoma lives the American alligator.

question: What types of birds does Oklahoma have a lot of?, answer: quail, doves, cardinals, bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and pheasants | question: What types of deer does Oklahoma have a lot of?, answer: white-tailed deer, mule deer | question: What does Oklahoma have the country's largest towns of?, answer: prairie dog | question: What part of Oklahoma is Cross Timbers in?, answer: Central | question: What part of Oklahoma does the American alligator live in?, answer: southeastern