lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
As part of its education-related initiatives, the foundation has funded journalists, think tanks, lobbying organizations and governments. Millions of dollars of grants to news organizations have funded reporting on education and higher education, including more than $1.4 million to the Education Writers Association to fund training for journalists who cover education. While some critics have feared the foundation for directing the conversation on education or pushing its point of view through news coverage, the foundation has said it lists all its grants publicly and does not enforce any rules for content among its grantees, who have editorial independence. Union activists in Chicago have accused Gates Foundation grantee Teach Plus, which was founded by new teachers and advocates against seniority-based layoffs, of "astroturfing".

question: What has been funded as part of the education initiatives, answer: As part of its education-related initiatives, the foundation has funded journalists, think tanks, lobbying organizations and governments | question: what do the millions in grants given to news agencies do, answer: Millions of dollars of grants to news organizations have funded reporting on education and higher education | question: Critics don't like the foundations use of media why, answer: critics have feared the foundation for directing the conversation on education or pushing its point of view through news coverage | question: Where does the foundation list grants, answer: the foundation has said it lists all its grants publicly | question: who founded teach plus, answer: Teach Plus, which was founded by new teachers and advocates against seniority-based layoffs
As part of the transition to democracy upon the death of Franco in 1975, Galicia regained its status as an autonomous region within Spain with the Statute of Autonomy of 1981, which begins, "Galicia, historical nationality, is constituted as an Autonomous Community to access to its self-government, in agreement with the Spanish Constitution and with the present Statute (...)". Varying degrees of nationalist or independentist sentiment are evident at the political level. The Bloque Nacionalista Galego or BNG, is a conglomerate of left-wing parties and individuals that claims Galician political status as a nation.

question: Which form of government did Galicia start using in 1975, answer: democracy | question: Which modern group now works to attain Galicia status as a nation?, answer: Bloque Nacionalista Galego
As part of this Popular Revolution, Gaddafi invited Libya's people to found General People's Committees as conduits for raising political consciousness. Although offering little guidance for how to set up these councils, Gaddafi claimed that they would offer a form of direct political participation that was more democratic than a traditional party-based representative system. He hoped that the councils would mobilize the people behind the RCC, erode the power of the traditional leaders and the bureaucracy, and allow for a new legal system chosen by the people.

question: What were the Libyan people instructed to create in conjunction with the Popular Revolution?, answer: General People's Committees | question: Along with the bureaucracy, who were the General People's Committees directed at?, answer: traditional leaders | question: What political system did Gaddafi claim was less democratic than the General People's Committees?, answer: traditional party-based representative
As political instability grew in Syria, delegations from the country were sent to Nasser demanding immediate unification with Egypt. Nasser initially turned down the request, citing the two countries' incompatible political and economic systems, lack of contiguity, the Syrian military's record of intervention in politics, and the deep factionalism among Syria's political forces. However, in January 1958, a second Syrian delegation managed to convince Nasser of an impending communist takeover and a consequent slide to civil strife. Nasser subsequently opted for union, albeit on the condition that it would be a total political merger with him as its president, to which the delegates and Syrian president Shukri al-Quwatli agreed. On 1 February, the United Arab Republic (UAR) was proclaimed and, according to Dawisha, the Arab world reacted in "stunned amazement, which quickly turned into uncontrolled euphoria." Nasser ordered a crackdown against Syrian communists, dismissing many of them from their governmental posts.

question: What country wanted to join with Egypt?, answer: Syria | question: What Syrian group did Nasser crack down on?, answer: communists | question: What was the Egyptian-Syrian alliance called?, answer: United Arab Republic | question: What year was the UAR formed?, answer: 1958
As prosperity began to return in the 1980s, the city was stunned by the Wah Mee massacre in 1983, when 13 people were killed in an illegal gambling club in the International District, Seattle's Chinatown. Beginning with Microsoft's 1979 move from Albuquerque, New Mexico to nearby Bellevue, Washington, Seattle and its suburbs became home to a number of technology companies including Amazon.com, RealNetworks, Nintendo of America, McCaw Cellular (now part of AT&T Mobility), VoiceStream (now T-Mobile), and biomedical corporations such as HeartStream (later purchased by Philips), Heart Technologies (later purchased by Boston Scientific), Physio-Control (later purchased by Medtronic), ZymoGenetics, ICOS (later purchased by Eli Lilly and Company) and Immunex (later purchased by Amgen). This success brought an influx of new residents with a population increase within city limits of almost 50,000 between 1990 and 2000, and saw Seattle's real estate become some of the most expensive in the country. In 1993, the movie Sleepless in Seattle brought the city further national attention. Many of the Seattle area's tech companies remained relatively strong, but the frenzied dot-com boom years ended in early 2001.

question: What violent act happened in Seattle's Chinatown in 1983?, answer: Wah Mee massacre | question: What type of establishment was Wan Mee?, answer: gambling club | question: Which huge tech corporation moved its headquarters the Seattle area?, answer: Microsoft | question: What item for sale in 2000 Seattle was some of the most costly in the US?, answer: real estate | question: About what time did the big tech boom in Seattle fizzle?, answer: early 2001
As reflected in the 2010 United States Census, Alaska has a total of 355 incorporated cities and census-designated places (CDPs). The tally of cities includes four unified municipalities, essentially the equivalent of a consolidated city–county. The majority of these communities are located in the rural expanse of Alaska known as "The Bush" and are unconnected to the contiguous North American road network. The table at the bottom of this section lists the 100 largest cities and census-designated places in Alaska, in population order.

question: What are CDPs?, answer: census-designated places | question: How many incorporated cities and CDPs does Alaska have, according to the 2010 Census?, answer: 355 | question: Are the majority of CDPs connected or disconnected from the North American road network?, answer: unconnected | question: In what area are the majority of cities and CDPS located in Alaska?, answer: "The Bush"
As regards knowledge of languages, Tito replied that he spoke Serbo-Croatian, German, Russian, and some English. A biographer also stated that he spoke "Serbo-Croatian ... Russian, Czech, Slovenian ... German (with a Viennese accent) ... understands and reads French and Italian ... [and] also speaks Kirghiz."

question: With what accent did Tito speak German according to a biographer?, answer: Viennese | question: How much English did Tito speak?, answer: some | question: Other than Serbo-Croatian, German, Russian, Czech, Slovenian and English, French and Italian, what language does Tito speak?, answer: Kirghiz
As regards publication titles it is, however, a common typographic practice among both British and U.S. publishers to capitalise significant words (and in the United States, this is often applied to headings, too). This family of typographic conventions is usually called title case. For example, R. M. Ritter's Oxford Manual of Style (2002) suggests capitalising "the first word and all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs, but generally not articles, conjunctions and short prepositions". This is an old form of emphasis, similar to the more modern practice of using a larger or boldface font for titles. The rules for which words to capitalise are not based on any grammatically inherent correct/incorrect distinction and are not universally standardized; they are arbitrary and differ between style guides, although in most styles they tend to follow a few strong conventions, as follows:

question: What is capitalization of significant words applied to in the United States besides titles?, answer: headings | question: Capitalization of significant words refers to which family of typographic conventions?, answer: title case | question: Which book of literature standards suggests capitalizing the first word and all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs?, answer: R. M. Ritter's Oxford Manual of Style | question: The use of bold fonts and capilization in titles falls under which unusual grammatical distinction?, answer: not universally standardized
As some szlachta were poorer than some non-noble gentry, some particularly impoverished szlachta were forced to become tenants of the wealthier gentry. In doing so, however, these szlachta retained all their constitutional prerogatives, as it was not wealth or lifestyle (obtainable by the gentry), but hereditary juridical status, that determined nobility.

question: What ultimately determined nobility?, answer: hereditary juridical status | question: What were some impoverished szlachta forced to do?, answer: to become tenants of the wealthier gentry. | question: Did the tenants of the wealthier genrty lose their nobility?, answer: no | question: What was one noble thing the poor szlachta did?, answer: retained all their constitutional prerogatives
As soon as the Greek War of Independence broke out in 1821, several Greek Cypriots left for Greece to join the Greek forces. In response, the Ottoman governor of Cyprus arrested and executed 486 prominent Greek Cypriots, including the Archbishop of Cyprus, Kyprianos and four other bishops. In 1828, modern Greece's first president Ioannis Kapodistrias called for union of Cyprus with Greece, and numerous minor uprisings took place. Reaction to Ottoman misrule led to uprisings by both Greek and Turkish Cypriots, although none were successful. After centuries of neglect by the Turks, the unrelenting poverty of most of the people, and the ever-present tax collectors fuelled Greek nationalism, and by the 20th century idea of enosis, or union, with newly independent Greece was firmly rooted among Greek Cypriots.

question: What year did the Greek war of independence break out?, answer: 1821 | question: How many Greek Cypriots were arrested and executed by the Ottoman governor of Cyprus?, answer: 486 | question: Who was modern Greece's first president?, answer: Ioannis Kapodistrias | question: What did Ioannis Kapodistrias call for?, answer: union of Cyprus with Greece
As sound scholar Jonathan Sterne notes, "An Australian hacker acquired l3enc using a stolen credit card. The hacker then reverse-engineered the software, wrote a new user interface, and redistributed it for free, naming it "thank you Fraunhofer"".

question: What was Jonathan Sterne's profession?, answer: sound scholar | question: Which nationality was the hacker who acquired I3enc?, answer: Australian | question: What did the hacker use to acquire the software?, answer: stolen credit card | question: The hacker re-wrote which element of the program?, answer: user interface | question: How much did the new released program by the hacker cost?, answer: free
As sun-god and god of light, Apollo was also known by the epithets Aegletes (/əˈɡliːtiːz/ ə-GLEE-teez; Αἰγλήτης, Aiglētēs, from αἴγλη, "light of the sun"), Helius (/ˈhiːliəs/ HEE-lee-əs; Ἥλιος, Helios, literally "sun"), Phanaeus (/fəˈniːəs/ fə-NEE-əs; Φαναῖος, Phanaios, literally "giving or bringing light"), and Lyceus (/laɪˈsiːəs/ ly-SEE-əs; Λύκειος, Lykeios, from Proto-Greek *λύκη, "light"). The meaning of the epithet "Lyceus" later became associated with Apollo's mother Leto, who was the patron goddess of Lycia (Λυκία) and who was identified with the wolf (λύκος), earning him the epithets Lycegenes (/laɪˈsɛdʒəniːz/ ly-SEJ-ə-neez; Λυκηγενής, Lukēgenēs, literally "born of a wolf" or "born of Lycia") and Lycoctonus (/laɪˈkɒktənəs/ ly-KOK-tə-nəs; Λυκοκτόνος, Lykoktonos, from λύκος, "wolf", and κτείνειν, "to kill"). As god of the sun, Apollo was called Sol (/ˈsɒl/ SOL, literally "sun" in Latin) by the Romans.

question: Who was the god of light?, answer: Apollo | question: Who was Apollo's mother?, answer: Leto | question: Who was the patron goddess of Lycia?, answer: Leto | question: What word literally means "born of a wolf?", answer: Lukēgenēs | question: Since Apollo was known as god of the sun, what was another name for Apollo?, answer: Sol
As the 10th century progressed, the Khazars were no longer able to command tribute from the Volga Bulgars, and their relationship with the Byzantines deteriorated, as Byzantium increasingly allied with the Pechenegs against them. The Pechenegs were thus secure to raid the lands of the Khazars from their base between the Volga and Don rivers, allowing them to expand to the west. Rus' relations with the Pechenegs were complex, as the groups alternately formed alliances with and against one another. The Pechenegs were nomads roaming the steppe raising livestock which they traded with the Rus' for agricultural goods and other products. The lucrative Rus' trade with the Byzantine Empire had to pass through Pecheneg-controlled territory, so the need for generally peaceful relations was essential. Nevertheless, while the Primary Chronicle reports the Pechenegs entering Rus' territory in 915 and then making peace, they were waging war with one another again in 920. Pechenegs are reported assisting the Rus' in later campaigns against the Byzantines, yet allied with the Byzantines against the Rus' at other times.

question: Around what time did the Khazars unable to no longer command tribute from Volga?, answer: 10th century | question: Who did the Byzantium ally with against the Khazar's?, answer: Pechenegs | question: What did the Pechenges trade with the Rus?, answer: livestock
As the 1954 congressional elections approached, and it became evident that the Republicans were in danger of losing their thin majority in both houses, Eisenhower was among those blaming the Old Guard for the losses, and took up the charge to stop suspected efforts by the right wing to take control of the GOP. Eisenhower then articulated his position as a moderate, progressive Republican: "I have just one purpose ... and that is to build up a strong progressive Republican Party in this country. If the right wing wants a fight, they are going to get it ... before I end up, either this Republican Party will reflect progressivism or I won't be with them anymore."

question: What wing of the GOP was Eisenhower opposed to?, answer: right | question: In what year were the first federal elections after Eisenhower became president?, answer: 1954 | question: What type of Republican did Eisenhower characterize himself as?, answer: moderate, progressive | question: Prior to the 1954 elections, who had majorities in Congress?, answer: Republicans
As the 1990s dawned, gamers predicted that competition from technologically superior systems such as the 16-bit Sega Mega Drive/Genesis would mean the immediate end of the NES’s dominance. Instead, during the first year of Nintendo's successor console the Super Famicom (named Super Nintendo Entertainment System outside Japan), the Famicom remained the second highest-selling video game console in Japan, outselling the newer and more powerful NEC PC Engine and Sega Mega Drive by a wide margin. The console remained popular in Japan and North America until late 1993, when the demand for new NES software abruptly plummeted. The final Famicom game released in Japan is Takahashi Meijin no Bōken Jima IV (Adventure Island IV), while in North America, Wario's Woods is the final licensed game. In the wake of ever decreasing sales and the lack of new software titles, Nintendo of America officially discontinued the NES by 1995. However, Nintendo kept producing new Famicom units in Japan until September 25, 2003, and continued to repair Famicom consoles until October 31, 2007, attributing the discontinuation of support to insufficient supplies of parts.

question: Which example of a system started to mark the end of the NES dominance?, answer: 16-bit Sega Mega Drive/Genesis | question: When did the demand for new NES software dry up?, answer: late 1993 | question: What was the final Famicom game released in North America?, answer: Wario's Woods | question: What year did Nintendo officially discontinue the NES?, answer: 1995 | question: How late did Nintendo continue to repair Famicom units?, answer: October 31, 2007
As the 20th century came to a close, Gaddafi increasingly rejected Arab nationalism, frustrated by the failure of his Pan-Arab ideals; instead he turned to Pan-Africanism, emphasising Libya's African identity. From 1997 to 2000, Libya initiated cooperative agreements or bilateral aid arrangements with 10 African states, and in 1999 joined the Community of Sahel-Saharan States. In June 1999, Gaddafi visited Mandela in South Africa, and the following month attended the OAU summit in Algiers, calling for greater political and economic integration across the continent and advocating the foundation of a United States of Africa. He became one of the founders of the African Union (AU), initiated in July 2002 to replace the OAU; at the opening ceremonies, he proclaimed that African states should reject conditional aid from the developed world, a direct contrast to the message of South African President Thabo Mbeki. At the third AU summit, held in Libya in July 2005, he called for a greater level of integration, advocating a single AU passport, a common defence system and a single currency, utilising the slogan: "The United States of Africa is the hope." In June 2005, Libya joined the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), and in August 2008 Gaddafi was proclaimed "King of Kings" by an assembled committee of traditional African leaders. On 1 February 2009, his "coronation ceremony" was held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, coinciding with Gaddafi's election as AU chairman for a year.

question: What organization did Libya join in 1999?, answer: Community of Sahel-Saharan States | question: Where did the OAU summit in July 1999 occur?, answer: Algiers | question: What organization was founded in July of 2002?, answer: African Union | question: What is COMESA?, answer: Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa | question: Who was the president of South Africa circa 2002?, answer: Thabo Mbeki
As the Communist Party was outlawed in Yugoslavia starting on 30 December 1920, Josip Broz took on many assumed names during his activity within the Party, including "Rudi", "Walter", and "Tito." Broz himself explains:

question: Starting in what year was the Communist Party outlawed in Yugoslavia?, answer: 1920 | question: What party was outlawed in Yugoslavia in 1920?, answer: Communist | question: "Rudi", "Walter" and "Tito" are names that what person assumed?, answer: Josip Broz | question: On what date in 1920 was the Communist party outlawed in Yugoslavia?, answer: 30 December | question: What was Tito's former name?, answer: Josip Broz
As the European population was severely reduced, land became more plentiful for the survivors, and labour consequently more expensive. Attempts by landowners to forcibly reduce wages, such as the English 1351 Statute of Laborers, were doomed to fail. These efforts resulted in nothing more than fostering resentment among the peasantry, leading to rebellions such as the French Jacquerie in 1358 and the English Peasants' Revolt in 1381. The long-term effect was the virtual end of serfdom in Western Europe. In Eastern Europe, on the other hand, landowners were able to exploit the situation to force the peasantry into even more repressive bondage.

question: When did the French Jacquerie take place?, answer: 1358 | question: What English law was enacted in order to forcibly reduce wages?, answer: Statute of Laborers | question: In what year was the Statute of Laborers enacted?, answer: 1351 | question: Which economic system was ultimately ended by the upheavals of the 14th century?, answer: serfdom | question: In what year did the English Peasants' Revolt occur?, answer: 1381
As the Grand Duchy of Finland was part of the Russian Empire from 1809 to 1918, a number of Russian speakers have remained in Finland. There are 33,400 Russian-speaking Finns, amounting to 0.6% of the population. Five thousand (0.1%) of them are late 19th century and 20th century immigrants or their descendants, and the remaining majority are recent immigrants who moved there in the 1990s and later.[citation needed] Russian is spoken by 1.4% of the population of Finland according to a 2014 estimate from the World Factbook.

question: When did Finland join the Russian Empire?, answer: 1809 | question: When did Finland leave the Russian Empire?, answer: 1918 | question: What percent of Finns speak Russian?, answer: 0.6% | question: How many Finns speak Russian?, answer: 33,400 | question: How many Russian-speaking Finns are descended from early immigrants?, answer: Five thousand
As the Industrial Revolution spread across Europe, chemists and manufacturers sought new red dyes that could be used for large-scale manufacture of textiles. One popular color imported into Europe from Turkey and India in the 18th and early 19th century was Turkey red, known in France as rouge d'Adrinople. Beginning in the 1740s, this bright red color was used to dye or print cotton textiles in England, the Netherlands and France. Turkey red used madder as the colorant, but the process was longer and more complicated, involving multiple soaking of the fabrics in lye, olive oil, sheep's dung, and other ingredients. The fabric was more expensive but resulted in a fine bright and lasting red, similar to carmine, perfectly suited to cotton. The fabric was widely exported from Europe to Africa, the Middle East and America. In 19th century America, it was widely used in making the traditional patchwork quilt.

question: What was Turkey red called in France?, answer: rouge d'Adrinople | question: In what years did Turkey red begin to be used to dye cotton in England?, answer: the 1740s | question: What other pigment was Turkey red compared to?, answer: carmine | question: What did turkey red get its color from?, answer: madder | question: In what century did quilts in America commonly use Turkey red?, answer: 19th