lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The Department of the Air Force is one of three military departments within the Department of Defense, and is managed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense. The senior officials in the Office of the Secretary are the Under Secretary of the Air Force, four Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force and the General Counsel, all of whom are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The senior uniformed leadership in the Air Staff is made up of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force and the Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force.

question: Who is the Department of the Air Force managed by?, answer: Secretary of the Air Force | question: Who does the Secretary of the Air Force report to?, answer: Secretary of Defense | question: Who appoints the top positions in the USAF, including the Assistant Secretaries and General Council?, answer: President | question: Upon whom does the President call on for support in his appointments to the USAF?, answer: Senate | question: Who does the senior leadership roles in the USAF include?, answer: Chief of Staff of the Air Force and the Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force
The Desert National Park in Jaisalmer is spread over an area of 3,162 square kilometres (1,221 sq mi), is an excellent example of the ecosystem of the Thar Desert and its diverse fauna. Seashells and massive fossilised tree trunks in this park record the geological history of the desert. The region is a haven for migratory and resident birds of the desert. One can see many eagles, harriers, falcons, buzzards, kestrels and vultures. Short-toed eagles (Circaetus gallicus), tawny eagles (Aquila rapax), spotted eagles (Aquila clanga), laggar falcons (Falco jugger) and kestrels are the commonest of these.

question: Which region contains Desert National Park?, answer: Jaisalmer | question: How many square miles is Desert National Park?, answer: 1,221 sq mi | question: What types of large fossils are found in Desert National Park?, answer: massive fossilised tree trunks | question: What are the most common types of eagles one might see in the Jaisalmer region?, answer: Short-toed eagles (Circaetus gallicus), tawny eagles (Aquila rapax), spotted eagles (Aquila clanga) | question: What is another name for a laggar falcon?, answer: Falco jugger
The Detroit Free Press and The Detroit News are the major daily newspapers, both broadsheet publications published together under a joint operating agreement called the Detroit Newspaper Partnership. Media philanthropy includes the Detroit Free Press high school journalism program and the Old Newsboys' Goodfellow Fund of Detroit. In March 2009, the two newspapers reduced home delivery to three days a week, print reduced newsstand issues of the papers on non-delivery days and focus resources on Internet-based news delivery. The Metro Times, founded in 1980, is a weekly publication, covering news, arts & entertainment.

question: Under which agreement are Detroit's major newspapers published?, answer: Detroit Newspaper Partnership | question: When was The Metro Times founded?, answer: 1980 | question: In what year did Detroit's two major newspapers reduce home delivery?, answer: 2009
The Detroit International Riverfront includes a partially completed three-and-one-half mile riverfront promenade with a combination of parks, residential buildings, and commercial areas. It extends from Hart Plaza to the MacArthur Bridge accessing Belle Isle Park (the largest island park in a U.S. city). The riverfront includes Tri-Centennial State Park and Harbor, Michigan's first urban state park. The second phase is a two-mile (3 km) extension from Hart Plaza to the Ambassador Bridge for a total of five miles (8 km) of parkway from bridge to bridge. Civic planners envision that the pedestrian parks will stimulate residential redevelopment of riverfront properties condemned under eminent domain.

question: What is the large island park in Detroit?, answer: Belle Isle Park | question: What is Michigan's first urban park?, answer: Tri-Centennial State Park | question: How long is the second phase of the riverfront?, answer: two-mile | question: What is the total length of the Detroit International Riverfront?, answer: five miles
The Devonian spanned roughly from 419 to 359 Ma. The period was a time of great tectonic activity, as Laurasia and Gondwana drew closer together. The continent Euramerica (or Laurussia) was created in the early Devonian by the collision of Laurentia and Baltica, which rotated into the natural dry zone along the Tropic of Capricorn. In these near-deserts, the Old Red Sandstone sedimentary beds formed, made red by the oxidized iron (hematite) characteristic of drought conditions. Near the equator Pangaea began to consolidate from the plates containing North America and Europe, further raising the northern Appalachian Mountains and forming the Caledonian Mountains in Great Britain and Scandinavia. The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent of Gondwana. The remainder of modern Eurasia lay in the Northern Hemisphere. Sea levels were high worldwide, and much of the land lay submerged under shallow seas. The deep, enormous Panthalassa (the "universal ocean") covered the rest of the planet. Other minor oceans were Paleo-Tethys, Proto-Tethys, Rheic Ocean and Ural Ocean (which was closed during the collision with Siberia and Baltica).

question: During what time period was the Devonian era?, answer: 419 to 359 Ma. | question: Which continent was formed from the meeting of Laurentia and Baltica?, answer: Euramerica (or Laurussia) | question: Which sedimentary beds were created in the dry areas of Euramerica in the Devonian period?, answer: Old Red Sandstone | question: What was the largest ocean referred to that existed in the Devonian period?, answer: Panthalassa | question: Which mountains associated with the USA were formed near the equator on Pangaea during the Devonian?, answer: the northern Appalachian Mountains
The Digimon series has a large number of video games which usually have their own independent storylines with a few sometimes tying into the stories of the anime series or manga series. The games consists of a number of genres including life simulation, adventure, video card game, strategy and racing games, though they are mainly action role-playing games. The games released in North America are: Digimon World, Digimon World 2, Digimon World 3, Digimon World 4, Digimon Digital Card Battle, Digimon Rumble Arena, Digimon Rumble Arena 2, Digimon Battle Spirit, Digimon Battle Spirit 2, Digimon Racing, Digimon World DS, Digimon World Data Squad, Digimon World Dawn and Dusk, Digimon World Championship, and Digimon Masters.

question: What did the Digimon series end up having lots of during the series?, answer: video games | question: What were the first two North American games released?, answer: Digimon World, Digimon World 2 | question: Name one of the genres from any of the Digimon video games?, answer: strategy
The Dirección Nacional de Transporte (DNT), part of the national Ministry of Transport and Public Works, is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo's transport infrastructure. A bus service network covers the entire city. An international bus station, the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal, is located on the lower level of the Tres Cruces Shopping Center, on the side of Artigas Boulevard. This terminal, along with the Baltazar Brum Bus Terminal (or Rio Branco Terminal) by the Port of Montevideo, handles the long distance and intercity bus routes connecting to destinations within Uruguay.

question: What does DNT stand for?, answer: Dirección Nacional de Transporte | question: Who is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo's transport infrastructure?, answer: Dirección Nacional de Transporte | question: Where is the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal located?, answer: the lower level of the Tres Cruces Shopping Center
The Directorate of Analysis produces all-source intelligence investigation on key foreign and intercontinental issues relating to powerful and sometimes anti-government sensitive topics. It has four regional analytic groups, six groups for transnational issues, and three focus on policy, collection, and staff support. There is an office dedicated to Iraq, and regional analytical Offices covering the Near Eastern and South Asian Analysis, the Office of Russian and European Analysis, and the Office of Asian Pacific, Asian Pacific, Latin American, and African Analysis and African Analysis.

question: How many regional analytic groups does the Directorate of Analysis have?, answer: four | question: Who produces all source intelligence investigations?, answer: The Directorate of Analysis | question: How many groups of the Directorate of Analysis focus on policy, collection and staff support?, answer: three | question: How many groups does the Directorate of Analysis have for transnational issues?, answer: six | question: The Directorate of Analysis has an office dedicated to what country?, answer: Iraq
The Directorate of Operations is responsible for collecting foreign intelligence, mainly from clandestine HUMINT sources, and covert action. The name reflects its role as the coordinator of human intelligence activities among other elements of the wider U.S. intelligence community with their own HUMINT operations. This Directorate was created in an attempt to end years of rivalry over influence, philosophy and budget between the United States Department of Defense (DOD) and the CIA. In spite of this, the Department of Defense recently organized its own global clandestine intelligence service, the Defense Clandestine Service (DCS), under the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA).

question: What office is in charge of collecting foreign intelligence?, answer: The Directorate of Operations | question: What is the main reason the Directorate of Operations was created?, answer: to end years of rivalry | question: What intelligence service did the Department of Defense recently create?, answer: the Defense Clandestine Service | question: What does DIA stand for?, answer: Defense Intelligence Agency | question: What is DOD short for?, answer: Department of Defense
The Districts of Germany (Kreise) are administrative districts, and every state except the city-states of Berlin, Hamburg, and Bremen consists of "rural districts" (Landkreise), District-free Towns/Cities (Kreisfreie Städte, in Baden-Württemberg also called "urban districts", or Stadtkreise), cities that are districts in their own right, or local associations of a special kind (Kommunalverbände besonderer Art), see below. The state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen consists of two urban districts, while Berlin and Hamburg are states and urban districts at the same time.

question: What are the districts of Germany considered?, answer: administrative districts | question: Every state, other than the free states, consist of districts called what?, answer: "rural districts" | question: How many urban districts are in Bremen?, answer: two | question: Berlin and Hamburg are states and what else at the same time?, answer: urban districts
The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads. The Umayyads meddled with the register and the recipients regarded pensions as the subsistence allowance even without being in active service. Hisham reformed it and paid only to those who participated in battle. On the pattern of the Byzantine system the Umayyads reformed their army organization in general and divided it into five corps: the centre, two wings, vanguards and rearguards, following the same formation while on march or on a battle field. Marwan II (740–50) abandoned the old division and introduced Kurdus (cohort), a small compact body. The Umayyad troops were divided into three divisions: infantry, cavalry and artillery. Arab troops were dressed and armed in Greek fashion. The Umayyad cavalry used plain and round saddles. The artillery used arradah (ballista), manjaniq (the mangonel) and dabbabah or kabsh (the battering ram). The heavy engines, siege machines and baggage were carried on camels behind the army.

question: What is the meaning of the term Kurdus in English?, answer: cohort | question: What caliph reigned from 740 to 750?, answer: Marwan II | question: What did the Umayyads call the mangonel?, answer: manjaniq | question: What style of dress did Arab troops wear under Marwan II?, answer: Greek | question: Along with artillery and infantry, what was the third division of Umayyad troops under Marwan II?, answer: cavalry
The Dominican Order came into being in the Middle Ages at a time when religion began to be contemplated in a new way. Men of God were no longer expected to stay behind the walls of a cloister. Instead, they travelled among the people, taking as their examples the apostles of the primitive Church. Out of this ideal emerged two orders of mendicant friars: one, the Friars Minor, was led by Francis of Assisi; the other, the Friars Preachers, by Dominic of Guzman. Like his contemporary, Francis, Dominic saw the need for a new type of organization, and the quick growth of the Dominicans and Franciscans during their first century of existence confirms that the orders of mendicant friars met a need.

question: During the Middle Ages, who was no longer expected to stay behind walls away from the common man?, answer: Men of God | question: How many orders of mendicant friars came out of the Middle Ages?, answer: two | question: Who led the Friars Minor order at this time?, answer: Francis of Assisi | question: Dominic of Guzman led what order of mendicant friars?, answer: the Friars Preachers | question: What two groups grew quickly during the Middle Ages?, answer: the Dominicans and Franciscans
The Dominican Order was affected by a number of elemental influences. Its early members imbued the order with a mysticism and learning. The Europeans of the order embraced ecstatic mysticism on a grand scale and looked to a union with the Creator. The English Dominicans looked for this complete unity as well, but were not so focused on ecstatic experiences. Instead, their goal was to emulate the moral life of Christ more completely. The Dartford nuns were surrounded by all of these legacies, and used them to create something unique. Though they are not called mystics, they are known for their piety toward God and their determination to live lives devoted to, and in emulation of, Him.

question: What did the Europeans of the Dominican Order bring to the group?, answer: ecstatic mysticism | question: What did the English Dominicans hope to do within the Order?, answer: to emulate the moral life of Christ more completely | question: What group of nuns are used all aspects of the Dominican Order for their work?, answer: Dartford | question: The Dartford Nuns are similar to what group?, answer: mystics | question: What do ecstatic mystics hope to achieve?, answer: a union with the Creator
The Dominican friars quickly spread, including to England, where they appeared in Oxford in 1221. In the 13th century the order reached all classes of Christian society, fought heresy, schism, and paganism by word and book, and by its missions to the north of Europe, to Africa, and Asia passed beyond the frontiers of Christendom. Its schools spread throughout the entire Church; its doctors wrote monumental works in all branches of knowledge, including the extremely important Albertus Magnus and Thomas Aquinas. Its members included popes, cardinals, bishops, legates, inquisitors, confessors of princes, ambassadors, and paciarii (enforcers of the peace decreed by popes or councils). The order was appointed by Pope Gregory IX the duty to carry out the Inquisition. In his Papal Bull Ad extirpanda of 1252, Pope Innocent IV authorised the Dominicans' use of torture under prescribed circumstances.

question: What European country did the Dominican Friars quickly expand to?, answer: England | question: What British university did the Dominican Friars appear in?, answer: Oxford | question: What did the Dominican Order fight against?, answer: paganism | question: What is one branch of knowledge that the Dominican Order created works in?, answer: Thomas Aquinas | question: Who appointed the Dominican Order to begin the inquisition?, answer: Pope Gregory IX
The Downtown District is the home of the Third Street Promenade, a major outdoor pedestrian-only shopping district that stretches for three blocks between Wilshire Blvd. and Broadway (not the same Broadway in downtown and south Los Angeles). Third Street is closed to vehicles for those three blocks to allow people to stroll, congregate, shop and enjoy street performers. Santa Monica Place, featuring Bloomingdale's and Nordstrom in a three-level outdoor environment, is located at the south end of the Promenade. After a period of redevelopment, the mall reopened in the fall of 2010 as a modern shopping, entertainment and dining complex with more outdoor space.

question: The Third Street Promenade is located in what part of Santa Monica?, answer: Downtown District | question: How large is the Third Street Promenade?, answer: three blocks | question: What is Third Street access shut off from?, answer: vehicles | question: What two major department stores are located at the Third Street Promenade?, answer: Bloomingdale's and Nordstrom | question: What year did the mall reopen?, answer: 2010
The Duchy administers bona vacantia within the County Palatine, receiving the property of persons who die intestate and where the legal ownership cannot be ascertained. There is no separate Duke of Lancaster, the title merged into the Crown many centuries ago – but the Duchy is administered by the Queen in Right of the Duchy of Lancaster. A separate court system for the county palatine was abolished by Courts Act 1971. A particular form of The Loyal Toast, 'The Queen, Duke of Lancaster' is in regular use in the county palatine. Lancaster serves as the county town of the county palatine.

question: What does the Duchy administer within the County Palatine?, answer: bona vacantia | question: What serves as the county town of the county palatine?, answer: Lancaster | question: When did the title of Duke of Lancaster merge into the Crown?, answer: many centuries ago | question: Who is the Duchy administered by?, answer: the Queen
The Duchy of Lancaster is one of two royal duchies in England. It has landholdings throughout the region and elsewhere, operating as a property company, but also exercising the right of the Crown in the County Palatine of Lancaster. While the administrative boundaries changed in the 1970s, the county palatine boundaries remain the same as the historic boundaries. As a result, the High Sheriffs for Lancashire, Greater Manchester and Merseyside are appointed "within the Duchy and County Palatine of Lancaster".

question: When did the administrative boundaries for the Duchy of Lancaster change?, answer: 1970s | question: What is the Duchy of Lancaster?, answer: one of two royal duchies in England | question: What does the Duchy of Lancaster operate as?, answer: a property company | question: Who are appointed within the Duchy and County Palatine of Lancater?, answer: High Sheriffs | question: Who exercises the right of the Crown in the County Palatine of Lancaster?, answer: The Duchy of Lancaster
The Duke Energy Center for the Performing Arts complex houses the Raleigh Memorial Auditorium, the Fletcher Opera Theater, the Kennedy Theatre, and the Meymandi Concert Hall. In 2008, a new theatre space, the Meymandi Theatre at the Murphey School, was opened in the restored auditorium of the historic Murphey School. Theater performances are also offered at the Raleigh Little Theatre, Long View Center, Ira David Wood III Pullen Park Theatre, and Stewart and Thompson Theaters at North Carolina State University.

question: Where is the Raleigh Memorial Auditorium?, answer: Duke Energy Center for the Performing Arts | question: What other theater is in the Duke Energy Center?, answer: Fletcher Opera Theater | question: When did the Meymandi Theater open?, answer: 2008 | question: Where else can one see a theater performance?, answer: Raleigh Little Theatre | question: What theaters are at North Carolina State University?, answer: Stewart and Thompson Theaters
The Duke and Duchess of York had two children: Elizabeth (called "Lilibet" by the family), and Margaret. The Duke and Duchess and their two daughters lived a relatively sheltered life at their London residence, 145 Piccadilly. They were a close and loving family. One of the few stirs arose when the Canadian Prime Minister, R. B. Bennett, considered the Duke for Governor General of Canada in 1931—a proposal that King George V rejected on the advice of the Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs, J. H. Thomas.

question: What was Elizabeth's nickname?, answer: Lilibet | question: Who were the Duke and Duchess of York's children?, answer: Elizabeth (called "Lilibet" by the family), and Margaret | question: What was the name of Duke of York's London residence?, answer: 145 Piccadilly | question: Who advised against the Duke becoming the Governor General of Canada?, answer: J. H. Thomas | question: What position did J. H. Thomas hold?, answer: Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs
The Duke of Wellington is often incorrectly quoted as saying that "The Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing-fields of Eton". Wellington was at Eton from 1781 to 1784 and was to send his sons there. According to Nevill (citing the historian Sir Edward Creasy), what Wellington said, while passing an Eton cricket match many decades later, was, "There grows the stuff that won Waterloo", a remark Nevill construes as a reference to "the manly character induced by games and sport" amongst English youth generally, not a comment about Eton specifically. In 1889, Sir William Fraser conflated this uncorroborated remark with the one attributed to him by Count Charles de Montalembert's "C'est ici qu'a été gagné la bataille de Waterloo" ("It is here that the Battle of Waterloo was won.")

question: Who was incorrctly quoted in saying "The Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing-fields of Eton"?, answer: Duke of Wellington | question: During what years was the Duke of Wellington at Eton?, answer: 1781 to 1784 | question: What "stuff" won Waterloo, according to Wellington?, answer: the manly character induced by games and sport
The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to choose their own church. The terms for the surrender of New Amsterdam had provided that the Dutch would have liberty of conscience, and the Duke, as an openly divine-right Catholic, was no friend of Anglicanism. The first Anglican minister in New Jersey arrived in 1698, though Anglicanism was more popular in New York.

question: What did the Duke of York require every community in his lands to support?, answer: some church | question: Instead of Anglican, what were the churches most often supported in New York and New Jersey?, answer: Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian | question: What were taxpayers free to do after they paid the Duke of York his local tax?, answer: to choose their own church | question: Why was the Duke not a friend of Anglicanism?, answer: openly divine-right Catholic, | question: When did the first Anglican minister arrive in New Jersey?, answer: 1698