lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In 1964, Paul VI created a Secretariat for non-Christians, later renamed the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue and a year later a new Secretariat (later Pontifical Council) for Dialogue with Non-Believers. This latter was in 1993 incorporated by Pope John Paul II in the Pontifical Council for Culture, which he had established in 1982. In 1971, Paul VI created a papal office for economic development and catastrophic assistance. To foster common bonds with all persons of good will, he decreed an annual peace day to be celebrated on January first of every year. Trying to improve the condition of Christians behind the Iron Curtain, Paul VI engaged in dialogue with Communist authorities at several levels, receiving Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Nikolai Podgorny in 1966 and 1967 in the Vatican. The situation of the Church in Hungary, Poland and Romania, improved during his pontificate.

question: Who established the Pontifical Council for Culture?, answer: Pope John Paul II | question: What organization did Paul VI create to address non believers by the church?, answer: Secretariat for non-Christians | question: What was the Secretariat for non-believers eventually renamed?, answer: Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue | question: What Prime Minister did Paul VI attempt to interact with in order to help Catholics in Communist countries?, answer: Andrei Gromyko | question: What is celebrated by the Catholic church on January 1 of every year?, answer: peace day
In 1964, Turkey tried to invade Cyprus in response to the continuing Cypriot intercommunal violence. But Turkey was stopped by a strongly worded telegram from the US President Lyndon B. Johnson on 5 June, warning that the US would not stand beside Turkey in case of a consequential Soviet invasion of Turkish territory. Meanwhile, by 1964, enosis was a Greek policy that could not be abandoned; Makarios and the Greek prime minister Georgios Papandreou agreed that enosis should be the ultimate aim and King Constantine wished Cyprus "a speedy union with the mother country". Greece dispatched 10,000 troops to Cyprus to counter a possible Turkish invasion.

question: Who tried to invade Cyprus in 1964?, answer: Turkey | question: Which US President prevented Turkey from invading Cyprus?, answer: Lyndon B. Johnson | question: What policy could not be abandoned in 1964?, answer: enosis | question: How many troops did Greece send to Cyprus?, answer: 10,000
In 1964, the biologists Paul Ehrlich and Holm pointed out cases where two or more clines are distributed discordantly—for example, melanin is distributed in a decreasing pattern from the equator north and south; frequencies for the haplotype for beta-S hemoglobin, on the other hand, radiate out of specific geographical points in Africa. As the anthropologists Leonard Lieberman and Fatimah Linda Jackson observed, "Discordant patterns of heterogeneity falsify any description of a population as if it were genotypically or even phenotypically homogeneous".

question: What did two biologists point out in 1964?, answer: cases where two or more clines are distributed discordantly | question: What gene distribution decreases as you move away from the equator in either direction?, answer: melanin | question: What do the frequencies for the haplotype for beta-5 hemogoblin do from specific points in Africa?, answer: radiate | question: To what profession do both Leonard Lieberman and Fatimah Linda Jackson belong?, answer: anthropologists | question: What patterns of heterogeneity falsify any descriptions of population?, answer: Discordant
In 1965, Paul VI decided on the creation of a joint working group with the World Council of Churches to map all possible avenues of dialogue and cooperation. In the following three years, eight sessions were held which resulted in many joint proposals. It was proposed to work closely together in areas of social justice and development and Third World Issues such as hunger and poverty. On the religious side, it was agreed to share together in the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity, to be held every year. The joint working group was to prepare texts which were to be used by all Christians. On 19 July 1968, the meeting of the World Council of Churches took place in Uppsala, Sweden, which Pope Paul called a sign of the times. He sent his blessing in an ecumenical manner: "May the Lord bless everything you do for the case of Christian Unity." The World Council of Churches decided on including Catholic theologians in its committees, provided they have the backing of the Vatican.

question: In what year was a group created to work with the World Council of Churches to increase dialogue between Catholic Christians and other Christian denominations?, answer: 1965 | question: In what year did the World Council of Churches meet in Uppsala, Sweden?, answer: 1968 | question: What type of theologians did the World Council of Churches decide to include in their committees?, answer: Catholic | question: In what country did the World Council of Churches meet in 1968?, answer: Sweden | question: Whose backing did the World Council of Churches require Catholic theologians serving on joint committees to have?, answer: Vatican
In 1966 The Blind Beggar in Whitechapel became infamous as the scene of a murder committed by gangster Ronnie Kray. The Ten Bells is associated with several of the victims of Jack the Ripper. In 1955, Ruth Ellis, the last woman executed in the United Kingdom, shot David Blakely as he emerged from The Magdala in South Hill Park, Hampstead, the bullet holes can still be seen in the walls outside. It is said that Vladimir Lenin and a young Joseph Stalin met in the Crown and Anchor pub (now known as The Crown Tavern) on Clerkenwell Green when the latter was visiting London in 1903.

question: At what pub did Ronnie Kray kill someone in 1966?, answer: The Blind Beggar | question: What pub is associated with some of Jack the Ripper's victims?, answer: The Ten Bells | question: Outside what pub was David Blakely shot?, answer: The Magdala | question: What is the present name of the former Crown and Anchor?, answer: The Crown Tavern | question: In what year did Joseph Stalin visit London?, answer: 1903
In 1966 an agreement with the Vatican, fostered in part by the death in 1960 of anti-communist archbishop of Zagreb Aloysius Stepinac and shifts in the church's approach to resisting communism originating in the Second Vatican Council, accorded new freedom to the Yugoslav Roman Catholic Church, particularly to catechize and open seminaries. The agreement also eased tensions, which had prevented the naming of new bishops in Yugoslavia since 1945. Tito's new socialism met opposition from traditional communists culminating in conspiracy headed by Aleksandar Ranković. In the same year Tito declared that Communists must henceforth chart Yugoslavia's course by the force of their arguments (implying an abandonment of Leninist orthodoxy and development of liberal Communism). The State Security Administration (UDBA) saw its power scaled back and its staff reduced to 5000.

question: What anti-communist archbisoph died in 1960?, answer: Stepinac | question: Stepinac's death gave new freedom to what branch of the Roman Catholic Church?, answer: Yugoslav | question: What agency had its staff reduced to 5000 after Lenninist orthodoxy was abandoned?, answer: UDBA | question: What acronym describes the State Security Administration?, answer: UDBA | question: What ideology did Tito abandon as part of his new socialism?, answer: Leninist
In 1966, CBS reorganized its corporate structure with Leiberson promoted to head the new "CBS-Columbia Group" which made the now renamed CBS Records company a separate unit of this new group run by Clive Davis.

question: Who ran CBS-Columbia Group starting in 1966?, answer: Leiberson
In 1966, Shmuel Yosef Agnon shared the Nobel Prize in Literature with German Jewish author Nelly Sachs. Leading Israeli poets have been Yehuda Amichai, Nathan Alterman and Rachel Bluwstein. Internationally famous contemporary Israeli novelists include Amos Oz, Etgar Keret and David Grossman. The Israeli-Arab satirist Sayed Kashua (who writes in Hebrew) is also internationally known.[citation needed] Israel has also been the home of two leading Palestinian poets and writers: Emile Habibi, whose novel The Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist, and other writings, won him the Israel prize for Arabic literature; and Mahmoud Darwish, considered by many to be "the Palestinian national poet." Darwish was born and raised in northern Israel, but lived his adult life abroad after joining the Palestine Liberation Organization.[citation needed]

question: Shmuel Yosef Agnon shared the Nobel Prize with who in 1966?, answer: Nelly Sachs | question: What Israel-Arab satirist is internationally known?, answer: Sayed Kashua | question: Who wrote the novel The Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist?, answer: Emile Habibi
In 1966, Tony married the family's housekeeper Joan Gustafson; they had two children, Jennifer (born 1967) and Mario (born 1968). At this point, Madonna started to resent him for decades, and developed a rebellious attitude. She attended St. Frederick's and St. Andrew's Catholic Elementary Schools, and West Middle School. Madonna was known for her high grade point average, and achieved notoriety for her unconventional behavior. She would perform cartwheels and handstands in the hallways between classes, dangle by her knees from the monkey bars during recess, and pull up her skirt during class—all so that the boys could see her underwear.

question: In 1966, who did Tony married?, answer: Joan Gustafson | question: Name one child from the union of Tony and Joan?, answer: Mario | question: When was Mario born?, answer: 1968 | question: What is the name of the middle school that Madonna attended?, answer: West Middle School | question: Madonna achieved a name for herself in school by her unusual behavior and also for what other reason?, answer: high grade point average
In 1966, Yale began discussions with its sister school Vassar College about merging to foster coeducation at the undergraduate level. Vassar, then all-female and part of the Seven Sisters—elite higher education schools that historically served as sister institutions to the Ivy League when the Ivy League still only admitted men—tentatively accepted, but then declined the invitation. Both schools introduced coeducation independently in 1969. Amy Solomon was the first woman to register as a Yale undergraduate; she was also the first woman at Yale to join an undergraduate society, St. Anthony Hall. The undergraduate class of 1973 was the first class to have women starting from freshman year; at the time, all undergraduate women were housed in Vanderbilt Hall at the south end of Old Campus.[citation needed]

question: What sister school of Yale's considered merger in 1966?, answer: Vassar College | question: Who was the first undergraduate woman at Yale?, answer: Amy Solomon | question: What society did Amy Solomon enroll in at Yale?, answer: St. Anthony Hall | question: What year did the first undergraduate class including women graduate from Yale?, answer: 1973 | question: Where did undergraduate women live during the first few years of women being allowed to attend Yale?, answer: Vanderbilt Hall
In 1967, a new U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) combined major federal responsibilities for air and surface transport. The Federal Aviation Agency's name changed to the Federal Aviation Administration as it became one of several agencies (e.g., Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, the Coast Guard, and the Saint Lawrence Seaway Commission) within DOT (albeit the largest). The FAA administrator would no longer report directly to the president but would instead report to the Secretary of Transportation. New programs and budget requests would have to be approved by DOT, which would then include these requests in the overall budget and submit it to the president.

question: When did the US DOT combine major federal responsibilities for air and surface transport?, answer: 1967 | question: What did the Federal Aviation Agency change it's name to?, answer: Federal Aviation Administration | question: Who would the FAA administrator report to?, answer: Secretary of Transportation | question: Who approves new programs and budget requests?, answer: DOT | question: Who is the final person to approve the budget that is submitted?, answer: president
In 1967, both nations faced serious challenges that brought their programs to temporary halts. Both had been rushing at full-speed toward the first piloted flights of Apollo and Soyuz, without paying due diligence to growing design and manufacturing problems. The results proved fatal to both pioneering crews.

question: Both crews were killed on which spacecraft missions in 1967?, answer: Apollo and Soyuz
In 1968 Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle published The Sound Pattern of English (SPE), the basis for generative phonology. In this view, phonological representations are sequences of segments made up of distinctive features. These features were an expansion of earlier work by Roman Jakobson, Gunnar Fant, and Morris Halle. The features describe aspects of articulation and perception, are from a universally fixed set, and have the binary values + or −. There are at least two levels of representation: underlying representation and surface phonetic representation. Ordered phonological rules govern how underlying representation is transformed into the actual pronunciation (the so-called surface form). An important consequence of the influence SPE had on phonological theory was the downplaying of the syllable and the emphasis on segments. Furthermore, the generativists folded morphophonology into phonology, which both solved and created problems.

question: When was The Sound Pattern of English published?, answer: 1968 | question: Other than Chomsky who else published The Sound Pattern of English?, answer: Morris Halle | question: Besides the syllable what was downplayed as a result of SPE's influence on phonological theory?, answer: emphasis on segments | question: What other discipline was combined with phonology by the generativists?, answer: morphophonology
In 1968 Ronald Melzack and Kenneth Casey described pain in terms of its three dimensions: "sensory-discriminative" (sense of the intensity, location, quality and duration of the pain), "affective-motivational" (unpleasantness and urge to escape the unpleasantness), and "cognitive-evaluative" (cognitions such as appraisal, cultural values, distraction and hypnotic suggestion). They theorized that pain intensity (the sensory discriminative dimension) and unpleasantness (the affective-motivational dimension) are not simply determined by the magnitude of the painful stimulus, but "higher" cognitive activities can influence perceived intensity and unpleasantness. Cognitive activities "may affect both sensory and affective experience or they may modify primarily the affective-motivational dimension. Thus, excitement in games or war appears to block both dimensions of pain, while suggestion and placebos may modulate the affective-motivational dimension and leave the sensory-discriminative dimension relatively undisturbed." (p. 432) The paper ends with a call to action: "Pain can be treated not only by trying to cut down the sensory input by anesthetic block, surgical intervention and the like, but also by influencing the motivational-affective and cognitive factors as well." (p. 435)

question: How many dimensions did Melzack and Casey describe pain in terms of?, answer: three | question: The affective-motivational dimension of pain is characterized by what urge?, answer: urge to escape the unpleasantness | question: What did Melzack and Casey theorize could influence the perception of the magnitude of pain?, answer: cognitive activities | question: War game excitement appears to block what aspect of pain?, answer: dimensions | question: What did Melack's and Casey's paper end with a call towards?, answer: action
In 1968, Reprise planned to release a series of 78 rpm singles from their artists on their label at the time, called the Reprise Speed Series. Only one disc actually saw release, Randy Newman's I Think It's Going to Rain Today, a track from his self-titled debut album (with The Beehive State on the flipside). Reprise did not proceed further with the series due to a lack of sales for the single, and a lack of general interest in the concept. Guitarist & vocalist Leon Redbone released a promotional 78 rpm record in 1978 featuring two songs (Alabama Jubilee and Please Don't Talk About Me When I'm Gone) from his Champagne Charlie album. In 1980 Stiff Records in the United Kingdom issued a 78 by Joe "King" Carrasco containing the songs Buena (Spanish for "good," with the alternate spelling "Bueno" on the label) and Tuff Enuff. Underground comic cartoonist and 78 rpm record collector Robert Crumb released three discs with his Cheap Suit Serenaders in the 1980s.

question: In what year did Reprise plan to release a series of 78 rpm singles?, answer: 1968 | question: Which disc did Reprise release in 78 rpm format?, answer: Think It's Going to Rain Today | question: What two songs were featured on the 1978 release by Leon Redbone in 78 rpm format?, answer: Alabama Jubilee and Please Don't Talk About Me When I'm Gone | question: What record company released recordings of 'Buena' and 'Tuff Enuff' in 1980?, answer: Stiff Records | question: Why did Reprise only release one 78 rpm vinyl?, answer: lack of sales for the single, and a lack of general interest
In 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.

question: What country did Dubcek lead?, answer: Czechoslovak | question: How much time did Tito give Dubcek to fly to Prague?, answer: three hours | question: Where did Tito send Dubcek in 1968?, answer: Prague | question: Who removed generals Gosnjak and Hamovic?, answer: Tito | question: What army was unprepared for the invasion of Czechoslovakia?, answer: Yugoslavia
In 1968, while selling 50 million comic books a year, company founder Goodman revised the constraining distribution arrangement with Independent News he had reached under duress during the Atlas years, allowing him now to release as many titles as demand warranted. Late that year he sold Marvel Comics and his other publishing businesses to the Perfect Film and Chemical Corporation, which continued to group them as the subsidiary Magazine Management Company, with Goodman remaining as publisher. In 1969, Goodman finally ended his distribution deal with Independent by signing with Curtis Circulation Company.

question: How many comics did Marvel sell during 1968?, answer: 50 million | question: What company was distributing Marvel's titles at that point?, answer: Independent News | question: To whom was Marvel sold in 1968?, answer: the Perfect Film and Chemical Corporation | question: What wholly-owned affiliate of this company did Marvel operate within?, answer: Magazine Management Company | question: What distributor took over Marvel's titles in 1969?, answer: Curtis Circulation Company
In 1969 the Cubs, managed by Leo Durocher, built a substantial lead in the newly created National League Eastern Division by mid-August. Ken Holtzman pitched a no-hitter on August 19, and the division lead grew to 8 1⁄2 games over the St. Louis Cardinals and by 9 1⁄2 games over the New York Mets. After the game of September 2, the Cubs record was 84-52 with the Mets in second place at 77-55. But then a losing streak began just as a Mets winning streak was beginning. The Cubs lost the final game of a series at Cincinnati, then came home to play the resurgent Pittsburgh Pirates (who would finish in third place). After losing the first two games by scores of 9-2 and 13-4, the Cubs led going into the ninth inning. A win would be a positive springboard since the Cubs were to play a crucial series with the Mets the very next day. But Willie Stargell drilled a 2-out, 2-strike pitch from the Cubs' ace reliever, Phil Regan, onto Sheffield Avenue to tie the score in the top of the ninth. The Cubs would lose 7-5 in extra innings. Burdened by a four-game losing streak, the Cubs traveled to Shea Stadium for a short two-game set. The Mets won both games, and the Cubs left New York with a record of 84-58 just 1⁄2 game in front. Disaster followed in Philadelphia, as a 99 loss Phillies team nonetheless defeated the Cubs twice, to extend Chicago's losing streak to eight games. In a key play in the second game, on September 11, Cubs starter Dick Selma threw a surprise pickoff attempt to third baseman Ron Santo, who was nowhere near the bag or the ball. Selma's throwing error opened the gates to a Phillies rally. After that second Philly loss, the Cubs were 84-60 and the Mets had pulled ahead at 85-57. The Mets would not look back. The Cubs' eight-game losing streak finally ended the next day in St. Louis, but the Mets were in the midst of a ten-game winning streak, and the Cubs, wilting from team fatigue, generally deteriorated in all phases of the game. The Mets (who had lost a record 120 games 7 years earlier), would go on to win the World Series. The Cubs, despite a respectable 92-70 record, would be remembered for having lost a remarkable 17½ games in the standings to the Mets in the last quarter of the season.

question: Who managed the Cubs in 1969?, answer: Leo Durocher | question: The Cubs built a substantial lead in what league under management of Leo Durocher?, answer: National League Eastern Division | question: When did Ken Hoitzman pitch a no-hitter?, answer: August 19 | question: Who threw a surprise pickoff attempt to third baseman Ron Santo?, answer: Dick Selma
In 1970 the country switched its currency from the Bermudian pound to the Bermudian dollar, which is pegged at par with the US dollar. US notes and coins are used interchangeably with Bermudian notes and coins within the islands for most practical purposes; however, banks levy an exchange rate fee for the purchase of US dollars with Bermudian dollars. Bermudian notes carry the image of Queen Elizabeth II. The Bermuda Monetary Authority is the issuing authority for all banknotes and coins, and regulates financial institutions. The Royal Naval Dockyard Museum holds a permanent exhibition of Bermuda notes and coins.

question: What was the new currency in Bermuda as of 1970?, answer: Bermudian dollar | question: The Bermudian dollar is equal to what other currency and can be used interchangeably?, answer: US dollar | question: Who is pictured on Bermudian dollars?, answer: Queen Elizabeth II. | question: Where can you see a permanent exhibition of Bermuda currency?, answer: Royal Naval Dockyard Museum | question: Who regulates all financial institutions as well as the issuing of money?, answer: Bermuda Monetary Authority