lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Above the main portal there is generally a large window, like that at York Minster, or a group of windows such as those at Ripon Cathedral. In France there is generally a rose window like that at Reims Cathedral. Rose windows are also often found in the façades of churches of Spain and Italy, but are rarer elsewhere and are not found on the façades of any English Cathedrals. The gable is usually richly decorated with arcading or sculpture or, in the case of Italy, may be decorated with the rest of the façade, with polychrome marble and mosaic, as at Orvieto Cathedral.

question: What size of window is found above the main portal at York Minster?, answer: a large window | question: What type of window is often found above the main portal at cathedrals in France such as the Reims Cathedral?, answer: a rose window | question: Where are rose windows never found in the facades of cathedrals?, answer: any English Cathedrals | question: What portion of Gothic buildings are usually richly decorated with arcading or sculpture?, answer: The gable | question: Which Italian cathedral displays polychrome marble and mosaic on the gable?, answer: Orvieto Cathedral
Above the sessions exist presbyteries, which have area responsibilities. These are composed of teaching elders and ruling elders from each of the constituent congregations. The presbytery sends representatives to a broader regional or national assembly, generally known as the General Assembly, although an intermediate level of a synod sometimes exists. This congregation / presbytery / synod / general assembly schema is based on the historical structure of the larger Presbyterian churches, such as the Church of Scotland or the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.); some bodies, such as the Presbyterian Church in America and the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, skip one of the steps between congregation and General Assembly, and usually the step skipped is the Synod. The Church of Scotland has now abolished the Synod.[citation needed]

question: Which group from the Presbyterian church in rank is above sessions?, answer: presbyteries | question: What responsibilities so Presbyterians have?, answer: area responsibilities | question: What are the area of responsibilities made up of?, answer: teaching elders and ruling elders | question: In the American and Ireland Presbyterian church, which step is generally skipped?, answer: Synod | question: Which step was recently abolished by Scotland?, answer: Synod
Absolute idealism is G. W. F. Hegel's account of how existence is comprehensible as an all-inclusive whole. Hegel called his philosophy "absolute" idealism in contrast to the "subjective idealism" of Berkeley and the "transcendental idealism" of Kant and Fichte, which were not based on a critique of the finite and a dialectical philosophy of history as Hegel's idealism was. The exercise of reason and intellect enables the philosopher to know ultimate historical reality, the phenomenological constitution of self-determination, the dialectical development of self-awareness and personality in the realm of History.

question: According to Hegel, what sort of idealist was Fichte?, answer: transcendental | question: Who did Hegel see as a subjective idealist?, answer: Berkeley | question: What sort of idealist did Hegel define himself as?, answer: Absolute | question: How did Hegel believe historical reality to be knowable to a philosopher?, answer: exercise of reason and intellect
Abu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates "the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity."[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the claim that present-day Jews are more closely related to one another than to neighbouring non-Jewish populations. Hammer et al. found that the degree of genetic similarity among Jews shifted depending on the locus investigated, and suggested that this was the result of natural selection acting on particular loci. They focused on the non-recombining Y-chromosome to "circumvent some of the complications associated with selection".

question: What does mapping clusters disentangle ancestry from?, answer: culture | question: Hammer and others recently aimed to test what claim about how closely related present-day Jews are to what group?, answer: neighbouring non-Jewish populations | question: What shifted depending on the locus investigated?, answer: the degree of genetic similarity among Jews | question: What was suggested the reason for the degree of genetic shift among Jews was the result of?, answer: natural selection acting on particular loci | question: What chromosome was focused on to circumvent some of the complications associated with selection?, answer: Y
Aburish asserts that Nasser was not distressed by his frequent relocations, which broadened his horizons and showed him Egyptian society's class divisions. His own social status was well below the wealthy Egyptian elite, and his discontent with those born into wealth and power grew throughout his lifetime. Nasser spent most of his spare time reading, particularly in 1933 when he lived near the National Library of Egypt. He read the Qur'an, the sayings of Muhammad, the lives of the Sahaba (Muhammad's companions), and the biographies of nationalist leaders Napoleon, Ataturk, Otto von Bismarck, and Garibaldi and the autobiography of Winston Churchill.

question: What did Nasser do in his spare time?, answer: reading | question: What institution did Nasser live close to in 1933?, answer: National Library of Egypt | question: What did Nasser observe from moving around frequently as a youth?, answer: Egyptian society's class divisions | question: What was Nasser's position in Egypt's society?, answer: well below the wealthy Egyptian elite | question: What kind of biographies did Nasser read?, answer: nationalist leaders
Academic higher education in Estonia is divided into three levels: bachelor's, master's, and doctoral studies. In some specialties (basic medical studies, veterinary, pharmacy, dentistry, architect-engineer, and a classroom teacher programme) the bachelor's and master's levels are integrated into one unit. Estonian public universities have significantly more autonomy than applied higher education institutions. In addition to organising the academic life of the university, universities can create new curricula, establish admission terms and conditions, approve the budget, approve the development plan, elect the rector, and make restricted decisions in matters concerning assets. Estonia has a moderate number of public and private universities. The largest public universities are the University of Tartu, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn University, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonian Academy of Arts; the largest private university is Estonian Business School.

question: What are the three levels of higher learning in Estonia?, answer: bachelor's, master's, and doctoral studies | question: What medical fields have their bachelor's and master's levels combined into one unit?, answer: basic medical studies, veterinary, pharmacy, dentistry | question: What do Estonian public universities have more of than higher education institutions?, answer: autonomy | question: What is the largest private university in Estonia?, answer: Estonian Business School
Academics noted that with her videos, Madonna was subtly reversing the usual role of male as the dominant sex. This symbolism and imagery was probably the most prevalent in the music video for "Like a Prayer". The video included scenes of an African-American church choir, Madonna being attracted to a statue of a black saint, and singing in front of burning crosses. This mix of the sacred and the profane upset the Vatican and resulted in the Pepsi commercial withdrawal. In 2003, MTV named her "The Greatest Music Video Star Ever" and said that "Madonna's innovation, creativity and contribution to the music video art form is what won her the award."

question: Who noted that Madonna was reversing the gender role?, answer: Academics | question: In which video was it the most obvious?, answer: "Like a Prayer | question: Who named Madonna the Greatest Music Video star ever?, answer: MTV | question: When was Madonna awarded the accolade?, answer: 2003
According to 16th-century mystic Rabbi Elijah of Chelm, Ashkenazi Jews lived in Jerusalem during the 11th century. The story is told that a German-speaking Palestinian Jew saved the life of a young German man surnamed Dolberger. So when the knights of the First Crusade came to siege Jerusalem, one of Dolberger's family members who was among them rescued Jews in Palestine and carried them back to Worms to repay the favor. Further evidence of German communities in the holy city comes in the form of halakhic questions sent from Germany to Jerusalem during the second half of the 11th century.

question: Who noted that Ashkenazi Jews lived in Jerusalem during the 11th century?, answer: Rabbi Elijah of Chelm | question: Another piece of evidence of German communities in the holy city in the second half of the 11th century is due to what items being sent from Germany to Jerusalem?, answer: halakhic questions | question: Mystic Rabbi Elijah of Chelm is from what century?, answer: 16th-century | question: In the story told by mystic Rabbi Elijah of Chelm, one of the German's family members rescued Jews in Palestine and carried them back to where in order to repay a previous favor?, answer: Worms
According to 2004 figures, Southampton contributes around £4.2 bn to the regional economy annually. The vast majority of this is from the service sector, with the remainder coming from industry in the city. This figure has almost doubled since 1995.

question: Going by 2004 calculations, how much does Southampton contribute to the region's economy each year?, answer: £4.2 bn | question: What sector puts up most of Southampton's economic contribution?, answer: the service sector | question: In 2004, Southampton's contribution to the regional economy had almost doubled from what it was in what year?, answer: 1995
According to 2012 Pew Research Center survey if current trends continue, Christianity will remains the world's largest religion by year 2050. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. While Muslims have an average of 3.1 children per woman—the highest rate of all religious groups. Christians are second, with 2.7 children per woman. High birth rates and conversion were cited as the reason for the Christian population growths. A 2015 study found that approximately 10.2 million Muslim converted to Christianity. Christianity is growing in Africa, Asia, Latin America, Muslim world, and Oceania.

question: Which religion will have the most followers by the year 2050 if trends continue?, answer: Christianity | question: On average, how many children do Christians have?, answer: 2.7 | question: How many Muslims converted to Christianity according to a 2015 poll?, answer: 10.2 million | question: In addition to conversion, what other reason is given for the trend in Christianity's followers?, answer: High birth rates
According to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that "Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals. Brick was the ordinary building material, and with it cities, forts, temples and houses were constructed. The city was provided with towers and stood on an artificial platform; the house also had a tower-like appearance. It was provided with a door which turned on a hinge, and could be opened with a sort of key; the city gate was on a larger scale, and seems to have been double. The foundation stones — or rather bricks — of a house were consecrated by certain objects that were deposited under them."

question: What does Archibald Sayce think early Sumerian pictograms suggest about the availability of stone?, answer: was scarce | question: How did the Sumerians fashion the stone they cut?, answer: into blocks and seals | question: What was the ordinary building material of Sumerians?, answer: Brick | question: What were the foundation stones of Sumerian houses consecrated by?, answer: objects that were deposited under them | question: What kind of appearance did Sumerian houses have?, answer: tower-like
According to China daily. Fifteen years after the satellite system was launched, it is now generating $31.5 billion for major companies such as China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp.

question: How long ago was the BeiDou Satellite System first launched?, answer: Fifteen years | question: How much revenue for companies is generated by the BDS system?, answer: $31.5 billion | question: What are some companies that profit from the BDS system?, answer: China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp.
According to Der Spiegel credits given to European governments were disguised as "swaps" and consequently did not get registered as debt. As Eurostat at the time ignored statistics involving financial derivatives, a German derivatives dealer had commented to Der Spiegel that "The Maastricht rules can be circumvented quite legally through swaps," and "In previous years, Italy used a similar trick to mask its true debt with the help of a different US bank." These conditions had enabled Greek as well as many other European governments to spend beyond their means, while meeting the deficit targets of the European Union.

question: What was used to hide debts?, answer: swaps | question: Swaps allow Greece to do what?, answer: spend beyond their means | question: What other country hid its debt through swaps?, answer: Italy | question: What can legally be overcome with swaps?, answer: The Maastricht rules
According to Der Spiegel, credits given to European governments were disguised as "swaps" and consequently did not get registered as debt because Eurostat at the time ignored statistics involving financial derivatives. A German derivatives dealer had commented to Der Spiegel that "The Maastricht rules can be circumvented quite legally through swaps," and "In previous years, Italy used a similar trick to mask its true debt with the help of a different US bank." These conditions had enabled Greek as well as many other European governments to spend beyond their means, while meeting the deficit targets of the European Union and the monetary union guidelines. In May 2010, the Greek government deficit was again revised and estimated to be 13.6% which was the second highest in the world relative to GDP with Iceland in first place at 15.7% and Great Britain third with 12.6%. Public debt was forecast, according to some estimates, to hit 120% of GDP during 2010.

question: What were credits given to European governments disguised as?, answer: swaps | question: Why weren't swaps registered as debts by Eurostat at the time?, answer: ignored statistics involving financial derivatives | question: What rules did a German derivatives dealer say could be quite legally circumvented through swaps?, answer: Maastricht | question: What was again revised in May of 2010?, answer: Greek government deficit | question: What was Greece's public debt forecast to hit as high of a percentage of GDP of in 2010?, answer: 120%
According to Dr. Carlos Moore, resident scholar at Brazil's University of the State of Bahia, in the 21st century Afro-multiracials in the Arab world, including Arabs in North Africa, self-identify in ways that resemble multi-racials in Latin America. He claims that black-looking Arabs, much like black-looking Latin Americans, consider themselves white because they have some distant white ancestry.

question: Why would a black-looking Arab consider himself white?, answer: because they have some distant white ancestry. | question: Where does Dr. Carlos Moore work?, answer: Brazil's University of the State of Bahia | question: How do Afro-multiracials identify in the 21st century?, answer: in ways that resemble multi-racials
According to Ethnologue, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese; 80% with Spanish; 76% with Ladin; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian.

question: What is the similarity between Catalan and Italian?, answer: 87% | question: Hoe similar is Catalan to Portuguese?, answer: 85% | question: What is the percent relationship of Catalan to Spanish?, answer: 80% | question: What is the relationship similarity to Ladin?, answer: 76% | question: How related is Sardinian to Catalan?, answer: 75%
According to Eurostat, Greece's largest port by tons of goods transported in 2010 is the port of Aghioi Theodoroi, with 17.38 million tons. The Port of Thessaloniki comes second with 15.8 million tons, followed by the Port of Piraeus, with 13.2 million tons, and the port of Eleusis, with 12.37 million tons. The total number of goods transported through Greece in 2010 amounted to 124.38 million tons, a considerable drop from the 164.3 million tons transported through the country in 2007. Since then, Piraeus has grown to become the Mediterranean's third-largest port thanks to heavy investment by Chinese logistics giant COSCO. In 2013, Piraeus was declared the fastest-growing port in the world.

question: What was Greece's largest port as measured by good transported in 2010?, answer: Aghioi Theodoroi | question: How many million of tons went through Aghioi Theodoroi in 2010?, answer: 17.38 | question: How many million tons of goods did port Eleusis transport in 2010?, answer: 12.37 million tons | question: How many tons of goods were transported through Greece in 2007?, answer: 164.3 million tons | question: What was the port of Piraeus declared to be in 2013?, answer: fastest-growing port in the world
According to Eurostat, the EU statistical agency, in 2012 the Commune of Paris was the most densely populated city in the European Union, with 21,616 people per square kilometre within the city limits (the NUTS-3 statistical area), ahead of Inner London West, which had 10,374 people per square kilometre. According to the same census, three departments bordering Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne, had population densities of over ten thousand people per square kilometre, ranking among the ten most densely populated areas of the EU.

question: What was the most populated city in the EU in 2012?, answer: Commune of Paris | question: How many people lived per square kilometer in the city limits?, answer: 21,616 | question: What three departments surrounding Paris had densities greater than 10k/k?, answer: Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne
According to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope—on a floor area, with a much greater emphasis on the aesthetic rather than the acrobatic. There are also group routines consisting of 5 gymnasts and 5 apparatuses of their choice. Rhythmic routines are scored out of a possible 30 points; the score for artistry (choreography and music) is averaged with the score for difficulty of the moves and then added to the score for execution.

question: Only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics according to what rules?, answer: FIG | question: What combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation?, answer: rhythmic gymnastics | question: What 5 items are used in rhythmic gymnastic routines?, answer: ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope | question: Rhythmic gymnastics places greater emphaises on aesthetics rather than what?, answer: the acrobatic | question: What is the maximum number of points possible for a rhythmic gymnastic routine?, answer: 30 | question: What rules state that only women can compete in rhythmic gymastics?, answer: FIG | question: What does rhythmic gymastics combine together?, answer: ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation | question: What five seperate apparatuses are used in the five separate routines?, answer: ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope | question: Which is more focused on, aesthetics or acrobatics?, answer: aesthetic | question: How many possible points are there for rhythmic routines?, answer: 30 points
According to Forbes magazine, Oklahoma City-based Devon Energy Corporation, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, and SandRidge Energy Corporation are the largest private oil-related companies in the nation, and all of Oklahoma's Fortune 500 companies are energy-related. Tulsa's ONEOK and Williams Companies are the state's largest and second-largest companies respectively, also ranking as the nation's second and third-largest companies in the field of energy, according to Fortune magazine. The magazine also placed Devon Energy as the second-largest company in the mining and crude oil-producing industry in the nation, while Chesapeake Energy ranks seventh respectively in that sector and Oklahoma Gas & Electric ranks as the 25th-largest gas and electric utility company.

question: Which largest private oil companies are based in Oklahoma City?, answer: Devon Energy Corporation, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, and SandRidge Energy Corporation | question: What industry are all of the Oklahoma-based Fortune 500 companies in?, answer: energy | question: What is the largest company in Oklahoma?, answer: ONEOK | question: What is the 2nd-largest company in Oklahoma?, answer: Williams Companies | question: Where is ONEOK based?, answer: Tulsa
According to Forbes' Most Influential Celebrities 2014 list, Spielberg was listed as the most influential celebrity in America. The annual list is conducted by E-Poll Market Research and it gave more than 6,600 celebrities on 46 different personality attributes a score representing "how that person is perceived as influencing the public, their peers, or both." Spielberg received a score of 47, meaning 47% of the US believes he is influential. Gerry Philpott, president of E-Poll Market Research, supported Spielberg's score by stating, "If anyone doubts that Steven Spielberg has greatly influenced the public, think about how many will think for a second before going into the water this summer."

question: When was Spielberg named the 'most influential celebrity in America'?, answer: 2014 | question: How much of the US believes Spielberg is influential?, answer: 47% | question: Who is Gerry Philpott?, answer: president of E-Poll Market Research | question: How did Spielberg influence the public's behavior?, answer: many will think for a second before going into the water this summer
According to Genius, the James Gleick-authored biography, Feynman tried LSD during his professorship at Caltech. Somewhat embarrassed by his actions, he largely sidestepped the issue when dictating his anecdotes; he mentions it in passing in the "O Americano, Outra Vez" section, while the "Altered States" chapter in Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! describes only marijuana and ketamine experiences at John Lilly's famed sensory deprivation tanks, as a way of studying consciousness. Feynman gave up alcohol when he began to show vague, early signs of alcoholism, as he did not want to do anything that could damage his brain—the same reason given in "O Americano, Outra Vez" for his reluctance to experiment with LSD.

question: What substance did Feynman give up later in life?, answer: alcohol | question: Why did Feynman give up alcohol?, answer: he did not want to do anything that could damage his brain | question: Which illicit drug did Feynman try at Caltech?, answer: LSD | question: In what book did he talk about his LSD use?, answer: O Americano, Outra Vez