lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In the 1874 general election, Disraeli was returned to power. He passed the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874, which removed Catholic rituals from the Anglican liturgy and which Victoria strongly supported. She preferred short, simple services, and personally considered herself more aligned with the presbyterian Church of Scotland than the episcopal Church of England. He also pushed the Royal Titles Act 1876 through Parliament, so that Victoria took the title "Empress of India" from 1 May 1876. The new title was proclaimed at the Delhi Durbar of 1 January 1877.

question: What Act did Disraeli push through Parliment in 1876?, answer: Royal Titles Act 1876 | question: In 1876 Victoria held what title?, answer: Empress of India | question: What year was the Public Worship Regulation Act passed?, answer: 1874 | question: What Church did Victoria consider herself aligned with?, answer: presbyterian Church of Scotland | question: In a general election of what year was Disraeli returned to power?, answer: 1874 | question: What removed Catholic Rituals from Anglican services?, answer: Public Worship Regulation Act 1874 | question: Which church did Queen Victoria consider her favorite?, answer: presbyterian Church of Scotland | question: Who published the Royal Titles Act of 1876?, answer: Disraeli | question: When was Queen Victoria named the Empress of India?, answer: 1 May 1876 | question: Where was the new title of Empress of India proclaimed?, answer: Delhi Durbar | question: When was Disraeli returned to office?, answer: 1874 | question: What change, supported by Victoria, did Disraeli make to the Anglician liturgy?, answer: removed Catholic rituals | question: Where did Victoria really align herself when it came to religion?, answer: presbyterian Church of Scotland | question: What allowed Victoria to become the Empress of India?, answer: Royal Titles Act 1876 | question: Whic act, passed by Disraeli, allowed him to alter the Anglician liturgy?, answer: Public Worship Regulation Act 1874
In the 1890s, the recording formats of the earliest (toy) discs were mainly 12.5 cm (nominally five inches) in diameter; by the mid-1890s, the discs were usually 7 in (nominally 17.5 cm) in diameter. By 1910 the 10-inch (25.4 cm) record was by far the most popular standard, holding about three minutes of music or other entertainment on a side. From 1903 onwards, 12-inch records (30.5 cm) were also sold commercially, mostly of classical music or operatic selections, with four to five minutes of music per side. Victor, Brunswick and Columbia also issued 12-inch popular medleys, usually spotlighting a Broadway show score. However, other sizes did appear. Eight-inch discs with a 2-inch-diameter (51 mm) label became popular for about a decade in Britain, but they cannot be played in full on most modern record players because the tone arm cannot play far enough in toward the center without modification of the equipment.

question: What was the most popular sized disc by 1910?, answer: 10-inch | question: How long could a recording be on a 10 inch disc in the 1903?, answer: four to five minutes of music per side | question: How small were the earliest discs released?, answer: 12.5 cm | question: What was one requirement issue with discs popular in Britain?, answer: modification of the equipment | question: Which disc could hold about three minutes of recording on either side?, answer: 10-inch
In the 18th and 19th century, green was associated with the romantic movement in literature and art. The French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau celebrated the virtues of nature, The German poet and philosopher Goethe declared that green was the most restful color, suitable for decorating bedrooms. Painters such as John Constable and Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot depicted the lush green of rural landscapes and forests. Green was contrasted to the smoky grays and blacks of the Industrial Revolution.

question: When was green associated with the romantic movement in literature and art?, answer: 18th and 19th century | question: Who was a French philospher that celebrated the virtues of nature?, answer: Jean-Jacques Rousseau | question: Which German poet and philospher declared green to be the most restful color?, answer: Goethe
In the 18th century, the Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail "the Bloodthirsty" (1672–1727) raised a corps of 150,000 black slaves, called his Black Guard, who coerced the country into submission.

question: When did Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail live?, answer: (1672–1727) | question: How many black slaves did he own?, answer: 150,000 | question: What did he call his slave army?, answer: Black Guard | question: What did the Black Guard do?, answer: coerced the country into submission. | question: When did the Black Guard exist?, answer: In the 18th century
In the 1920s and 1930s, air power theorists Giulio Douhet and Billy Mitchell espoused the idea that air forces could win wars by themselves, without a need for land and sea fighting. It was thought there was no defence against air attack, particularly at night. Enemy industry, their seats of government, factories and communications could be destroyed, effectively taking away their means to resist. It was also thought the bombing of residential centres would cause a collapse of civilian will, which might have led to the collapse of production and civil life. Democracies, where the populace was allowed to show overt disapproval of the ruling government, were thought particularly vulnerable. This thinking was prevalent in both the RAF and what was then known as the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) between the two world wars. RAF Bomber Command's policy in particular would attempt to achieve victory through the destruction of civilian will, communications and industry.

question: In the 1920's and 30's to theorist thought wars could be won by air forces what were their names?, answer: Giulio Douhet and Billy Mitchell | question: Bombing of civilian's was believed to cause what?, answer: collapse of civilian will | question: What does USAAC stand for?, answer: United States Army Air Corps | question: What kind of populace was believed to be most vulnerable?, answer: Democracies | question: What kind of bombing raids were most favored?, answer: night
In the 1920s, John Maynard Keynes prompted a division between microeconomics and macroeconomics. Under Keynesian economics macroeconomic trends can overwhelm economic choices made by individuals. Governments should promote aggregate demand for goods as a means to encourage economic expansion. Following World War II, Milton Friedman created the concept of monetarism. Monetarism focuses on using the supply and demand of money as a method for controlling economic activity. In the 1970s, monetarism has adapted into supply-side economics which advocates reducing taxes as a means to increase the amount of money available for economic expansion.

question: What did John Maynard Keynes want to separate?, answer: microeconomics and macroeconomics | question: What concept did Milton Friedman propose after World War II?, answer: monetarism | question: How did monaterism aim to control the economy?, answer: using the supply and demand of money | question: In the 1970s, what did monaterism turn into?, answer: supply-side economics | question: How did supply-side economics try to increase the amount of money in the market?, answer: reducing taxes
In the 1930s, record companies began issuing collections of 78 rpm records by one performer or of one type of music in specially assembled albums, typically with artwork on the front cover and liner notes on the back or inside cover. Most albums included three or four records, with two sides each, making six or eight tunes per album. When the 12-inch vinyl LP era began in 1949, the single record often had the same or similar number of tunes as a typical album of 78s, and was still often referred to as an "album".

question: When were albums as we currently know them widely released?, answer: 1930s | question: What is typically found on the front cover of an album?, answer: artwork | question: How may records were commonly found in an album?, answer: three or four | question: When did the vinyl LP records Era begin?, answer: 1949 | question: How many songs did most albums contain?, answer: six or eight
In the 1930s, the experimental station W3XE, owned by Philco, became the first television station in Philadelphia; it became NBC's first affiliate in 1939, and later became KYW-TV (CBS). WCAU-TV, WPVI-TV, WHYY-TV, WPHL-TV, and WTXF-TV had all been founded by the 1970s. In 1952, WFIL (now WPVI) premiered the television show Bandstand, which later became the nationally broadcast American Bandstand hosted by Dick Clark. Today, as in many large metropolitan areas, each of the commercial networks has an affiliate, and call letters have been replaced by corporate IDs: CBS3, 6ABC, NBC10, Fox29, Telefutura28, Telemundo62, Univision65, plus My PHL 17 and CW Philly 57. The region is served also by public broadcasting stations WYBE-TV (Philadelphia), WHYY-TV (Wilmington, Delaware and Philadelphia), WLVT-TV (Lehigh Valley), and NJTV (New Jersey). In September 2007, Philadelphia approved a Public-access television cable TV channel.

question: Who owned W3XE?, answer: Philco | question: When did it become NBC's first affiliate?, answer: 1939 | question: What show started out in the city?, answer: Bandstand
In the 1940s, Detroit blues artist John Lee Hooker became a long-term resident in the city's southwest Delray neighborhood. Hooker, among other important blues musicians migrated from his home in Mississippi bringing the Delta blues to northern cities like Detroit. Hooker recorded for Fortune Records, the biggest pre-Motown blues/soul label. During the 1950s, the city became a center for jazz, with stars performing in the Black Bottom neighborhood. Prominent emerging Jazz musicians of the 1960s included: trumpet player Donald Byrd who attended Cass Tech and performed with Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers early in his career and Saxophonist Pepper Adams who enjoyed a solo career and accompanied Byrd on several albums. The Graystone International Jazz Museum documents jazz in Detroit.

question: Which artist resided in Delray?, answer: John Lee Hooker | question: Which musician attended Cass Tech?, answer: Donald Byrd | question: Which musician accompanied Donald Byrd on several albums?, answer: Pepper Adams | question: What is the name of the jazz museum in Detroit?, answer: Graystone International Jazz Museum | question: What type of music is John Lee Hooker known for?, answer: blues
In the 1940s, new interpretations of John's reign began to emerge, based on research into the record evidence of his reign, such as pipe rolls, charters, court documents and similar primary records. Notably, an essay by Vivian Galbraith in 1945 proposed a "new approach" to understanding the ruler. The use of recorded evidence was combined with an increased scepticism about two of the most colourful chroniclers of John's reign, Roger of Wendover and Matthew Paris. In many cases the detail provided by these chroniclers, both writing after John's death, was challenged by modern historians. Interpretations of Magna Carta and the role of the rebel barons in 1215 have been significantly revised: although the charter's symbolic, constitutional value for later generations is unquestionable, in the context of John's reign most historians now consider it a failed peace agreement between "partisan" factions. There has been increasing debate about the nature of John's Irish policies. Specialists in Irish medieval history, such as Sean Duffy, have challenged the conventional narrative established by Lewis Warren, suggesting that Ireland was less stable by 1216 than was previously supposed.

question: When did new interpretations of John's reign begin to emerge?, answer: 1940s | question: Who wrote an essay in 1945 that proposed a "new approach?", answer: Vivian Galbraith | question: Who suggested that Ireland was less stable by 1216 than previously supposed?, answer: Lewis Warren
In the 1950 parliamentary elections, the Wafd Party of el-Nahhas gained a victory—mostly due to the absence of the Muslim Brotherhood, which boycotted the elections—and was perceived as a threat by the Free Officers as the Wafd had campaigned on demands similar to their own. Accusations of corruption against Wafd politicians began to surface, however, breeding an atmosphere of rumor and suspicion that consequently brought the Free Officers to the forefront of Egyptian politics. By then, the organization had expanded to around ninety members; according to Khaled Mohieddin, "nobody knew all of them and where they belonged in the hierarchy except Nasser". Nasser felt that the Free Officers were not ready to move against the government and, for nearly two years, he did little beyond officer recruitment and underground news bulletins.

question: What group boycotted the 1950 elections?, answer: Muslim Brotherhood | question: What party advanced in the 1950 elections?, answer: Wafd | question: What were Wafd members accused of?, answer: corruption | question: What group became prominent in Egyptian politics?, answer: Free Officers | question: How long did Nasser swell the ranks of his Free Officers?, answer: nearly two years
In the 1950s after PRC was established by CPC, the government invested heavily in the city to build a series of state-owned heavy industries, as part of the national plan of rapid industrialization, converting it into a heavy industry production centre of East China. Overenthusiastic in building a “world-class” industrial city, the government also made many disastrous mistakes during development, such as spending hundreds of millions of yuan to mine for non-existent coal, resulting in negative economic growth in the late 1960s. From 1960s to 1980s there were Five Pillar Industries, namely, electronics, cars, petrochemical, iron and steel, and power, each with big state-owned firms. After the Reform and Opening recovering market economy, the state-owned enterprises found themselves incapable of competing with efficient multinational firms and local private firms, hence were either mired in heavy debt or forced into bankruptcy or privatization and this resulted in large numbers of layoff workers who were technically not unemployed but effectively jobless.

question: What did the government build in Nanjing during the 1950's?, answer: a series of state-owned heavy industries | question: The mistakes the government made during this period resulted in what type of growth?, answer: negative economic growth | question: How many Pillar industries were there from the 1960s to the 1980s?, answer: Five | question: The inability to compete with multinational firms led to what for workers?, answer: large numbers of layoff | question: The government wanted Nanjing to be what kind of industrial city?, answer: “world-class”
In the 1950s and the 1960s, Paris became one front of the Algerian War for independence; in August 1961, the pro-independence FLN targeted and killed 11 Paris policemen, leading to the imposition of a curfew on Muslims of Algeria (who, at that time, were French citizens). On 17 October 1961, an unauthorised but peaceful protest demonstration of Algerians against the curfew led to violent confrontations between the police and demonstrators, in which at least 40 people were killed, including some thrown into the Seine. The anti-independence Organisation de l'armée secrète (OAS), for their part, carried out a series of bombings in Paris throughout 1961 and 1962.

question: How many police officers did the pro-independence FLN kill in August of 1961?, answer: 11 | question: What was the result of the police officer killing?, answer: curfew on Muslims of Algeria | question: How many people were killed during the demonstrations against the curfew?, answer: at least 40 | question: Who carried out bombings throughout Paris between 1961 and 1962?, answer: Organisation de l'armée secrète
In the 1950s some British pubs would offer "a pie and a pint", with hot individual steak and ale pies made easily on the premises by the proprietor's wife during the lunchtime opening hours. The ploughman's lunch became popular in the late 1960s. In the late 1960s "chicken in a basket", a portion of roast chicken with chips, served on a napkin, in a wicker basket became popular due to its convenience.

question: During what decade did some British pubs provide "a pie and a pint"?, answer: 1950s | question: In what decade was the ploughman's lunch often consumed in pubs?, answer: 1960s | question: What decade saw the popularity of "chicken in a basket"?, answer: 1960s | question: What was "chicken in a basket" served in?, answer: a wicker basket | question: Along with chicken, what food was included in "chicken in a basket"?, answer: chips
In the 1950s, Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining meat via scavenging, not hunting. Early humans in the Lower Paleolithic lived in forests and woodlands, which allowed them to collect seafood, eggs, nuts, and fruits besides scavenging. Rather than killing large animals for meat, according to this view, they used carcasses of such animals that had either been killed by predators or that had died of natural causes. Archaeological and genetic data suggest that the source populations of Paleolithic hunter-gatherers survived in sparsely wooded areas and dispersed through areas of high primary productivity while avoiding dense forest cover.

question: How did early humans locate meat without hunting ?, answer: scavenging | question: In addition to finding already dead animals, what other cause of death were their animal finds?, answer: natural causes | question: Where did hunter-gatherer peoples live?, answer: sparsely wooded areas | question: What type of area did early humans avoid?, answer: dense forest
In the 1950s, Universal-International resumed their series of Arabian Nights films, many starring Tony Curtis. The studio also had a success with monster and science fiction films produced by William Alland, with many directed by Jack Arnold. Other successes were the melodramas directed by Douglas Sirk and produced by Ross Hunter, although for film critics they were not so well thought of on first release as they have since become. Among Universal-International's stable of stars were Rock Hudson, Tony Curtis, Jeff Chandler, Audie Murphy, and John Gavin.

question: Who did many of Universal-International's Arabian Nights films feature?, answer: Tony Curtis | question: Who notably produced monster and science fiction films for Universal?, answer: William Alland | question: What Universal director was known for his melodramas?, answer: Douglas Sirk | question: Who directed monster movies for Universal?, answer: Jack Arnold | question: Who produced melodramas for Universal?, answer: Ross Hunter
In the 1950s, as a young woman at the start of her reign, Elizabeth was depicted as a glamorous "fairytale Queen". After the trauma of the Second World War, it was a time of hope, a period of progress and achievement heralding a "new Elizabethan age". Lord Altrincham's accusation in 1957 that her speeches sounded like those of a "priggish schoolgirl" was an extremely rare criticism. In the late 1960s, attempts to portray a more modern image of the monarchy were made in the television documentary Royal Family and by televising Prince Charles's investiture as Prince of Wales. In public, she took to wearing mostly solid-colour overcoats and decorative hats, which allow her to be seen easily in a crowd.

question: As what was Elizabeth portrayed in the 1950s?, answer: "fairytale Queen" | question: Of what did Lord Altrincham say Elizabeth's speeches resembled?, answer: "priggish schoolgirl" | question: What investiture featuring Prince Charles was televised in the late 1960s?, answer: Prince of Wales | question: In the 1960s, what did Elizabeth begin wearing to events ?, answer: solid-colour overcoats | question: What was the time after WWII heralded as?, answer: "new Elizabethan age"
In the 1950s, the Ethiopian feudal administration under Emperor Haile Selassie sought to annex Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. He laid claim to both territories in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Paris Peace Conference and at the First Session of the United Nations. In the United Nations, the debate over the fate of the former Italian colonies continued. The British and Americans preferred to cede all of Eritrea except the Western province to the Ethiopians as a reward for their support during World War II. The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties consistently requested from the UN General Assembly that a referendum be held immediately to settle the Eritrean question of sovereignty.

question: What did Emperor Haile Selassie seek to annex in the 1950's?, answer: Eritrea and Italian Somaliland | question: Why did the British and Americans want to cede most of Eritrea to the Ethiopians?, answer: as a reward for their support during World War II | question: Who laid claim to Eritrea and Italian Somaliland in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt?, answer: Emperor Haile Selassie | question: Who consistently requested that a referendum be held immediately to settle the question of Eritrean sovereignty?, answer: The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties | question: Who did Ethiopians support in World War II?, answer: The British and Americans
In the 1960 election to choose his successor, Eisenhower endorsed his own Vice President, Republican Richard Nixon against Democrat John F. Kennedy. He told friends, "I will do almost anything to avoid turning my chair and country over to Kennedy." He actively campaigned for Nixon in the final days, although he may have done Nixon some harm. When asked by reporters at the end of a televised press conference to list one of Nixon's policy ideas he had adopted, Eisenhower joked, "If you give me a week, I might think of one. I don't remember." Kennedy's campaign used the quote in one of its campaign commercials. Nixon narrowly lost to Kennedy. Eisenhower, who was the oldest president in history at that time (then 70), was succeeded by the youngest elected president, as Kennedy was 43.

question: Who did Eisenhower endorse for president in 1960?, answer: Richard Nixon | question: Who was the Democratic candidate for president in 1960?, answer: John F. Kennedy | question: How old was Eisenhower in 1960?, answer: 70 | question: Who was the youngest person elected to the United States presidency?, answer: Kennedy | question: Who won the US presidential election of 1960?, answer: Kennedy