lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The amount of crossover between the AC chart and the Hot 100 has varied based on how much the passing pop music trends of the times appealed to adult listeners. Not many disco or new wave songs were particularly successful on the AC chart during the late 1970s and early 1980s, and much of the hip-hop and harder rock music featured on CHR formats later in the decade would have been unacceptable on AC radio.

question: In the 1970s, what two genres were not particularly successful on the adult contemporary charts?, answer: disco or new wave | question: What genres, featured on the CHR radio format, were rarely found on adult contemporary radio?, answer: hip-hop and harder rock music | question: During what decade did hip-hop begin to be featured on the radio?, answer: 1980s
The amount of signal received from a distant transmission source is essentially geometric in nature due to the inverse square law, and this leads to the concept of effective area. This measures the performance of an antenna by comparing the amount of power it generates to the amount of power in the original signal, measured in terms of the signal's power density in Watts per square metre. A half-wave dipole has an effective area of 0.13 2. If more performance is needed, one cannot simply make the antenna larger. Although this would intercept more energy from the signal, due to the considerations above, it would decrease the output significantly due to it moving away from the resonant length. In roles where higher performance is needed, designers often use multiple elements combined together.

question: What accounts for the geometry involved in the use of an antenna?, answer: inverse square law | question: How is the compactness of the signal measured?, answer: Watts per square metre | question: What type of project would call for more than one element used together?, answer: higher performance
The analog information encoded on LaserDiscs does not include any form of built-in checksum or error correction. Because of this, slight dust and scratches on the disc surface can result in read-errors which cause various video quality problems: glitches, streaks, bursts of static, or momentary picture interruptions. In contrast, the digital MPEG-2 format information used on DVDs has built-in error correction which ensures that the signal from a damaged disc will remain identical to that from a perfect disc right up until the point at which damage to the disc surface is so substantial that it prevents the laser from being able to identify usable data.

question: What video problems on a LaserDisc can be caused by dust or scratches?, answer: glitches, streaks, bursts of static, or momentary picture interruptions | question: Which format used in DVDs has built-in error correction?, answer: digital MPEG-2 | question: What type of encoding, analog or digital, causes LaserDiscs to be succeptable to damages?, answer: analog
The analysis of HLA antigens has also helped clarify the possible background of the Somali people, as the distribution of haplotype frequencies vary among population groups. According to Mohamoud et al. (2006):

question: In what year did Mahamoud publish his research?, answer: 2006
The ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago. For about 3 billion years, most organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life. In 2008, fossils of macroorganisms were discovered and named as the Francevillian biota. Although bacterial fossils exist, such as stromatolites, their lack of distinctive morphology prevents them from being used to examine the history of bacterial evolution, or to date the time of origin of a particular bacterial species. However, gene sequences can be used to reconstruct the bacterial phylogeny, and these studies indicate that bacteria diverged first from the archaeal/eukaryotic lineage. Bacteria were also involved in the second great evolutionary divergence, that of the archaea and eukaryotes. Here, eukaryotes resulted from the entering of ancient bacteria into endosymbiotic associations with the ancestors of eukaryotic cells, which were themselves possibly related to the Archaea. This involved the engulfment by proto-eukaryotic cells of alphaproteobacterial symbionts to form either mitochondria or hydrogenosomes, which are still found in all known Eukarya (sometimes in highly reduced form, e.g. in ancient "amitochondrial" protozoa). Later on, some eukaryotes that already contained mitochondria also engulfed cyanobacterial-like organisms. This led to the formation of chloroplasts in algae and plants. There are also some algae that originated from even later endosymbiotic events. Here, eukaryotes engulfed a eukaryotic algae that developed into a "second-generation" plastid. This is known as secondary endosymbiosis.

question: When did the first antecedents of bacteria appear on Earth?, answer: 4 billion years ago | question: Why were bacteria and archaea dominant forms of life?, answer: most organisms were microscopic | question: What are Stromatolites?, answer: bacterial fossils | question: What pre-historic group did bacteria evolve from?, answer: archaeal/eukaryotic lineage | question: How did chloroplast appear in first vegetation?, answer: mitochondria also engulfed cyanobacterial-like organisms
The ancient history of Kathmandu is described in its traditional myths and legends. According to Swayambhu Purana, present-day Kathmandu was once a huge and deep lake names "Nagdaha" as it was full of snakes. The lake was cut drained by Bodhisatwa Manjusri with his sword and the water was evacuated out from there and he established a city called Manjupattan and made Dharmakar the ruler of the valley land. After sometimes, a demon named Banasur closed the outlet and the valley was again a lake. Then lots Krishna came to Nepal, killed Banasur and again drained out water. He has brought some Gops with him and made Bhuktaman the king of Nepal.

question: According to legend, what body of water once existed on the site of Kathmandu?, answer: lake | question: What animals notably resided in Nagdaha?, answer: snakes | question: Who was the founder of Manjupattan?, answer: Bodhisatwa Manjusri | question: What type of creature was Banasur?, answer: demon | question: Who was Banasur's murderer?, answer: Krishna
The ancient trade route between India and Tibet that passed through Kathmandu enabled a fusion of artistic and architectural traditions from other cultures to be amalgamated with local art and architecture. The monuments of Kathmandu City have been influenced over the centuries by Hindu and Buddhist religious practices. The architectural treasure of the Kathmandu valley has been categorized under the well-known seven groups of heritage monuments and buildings. In 2006 UNESCO declared these seven groups of monuments as a World Heritage Site (WHS). The seven monuments zones cover an area of 188.95 hectares (466.9 acres), with the buffer zone extending to 239.34 hectares (591.4 acres). The Seven Monument Zones (Mzs) inscribed originally in 1979 and with a minor modification in 2006 are Durbar squares of Hanuman Dhoka, Patan and Bhaktapur, Hindu temples of Pashupatinath and Changunarayan, the Buddhist stupas of Swayambhu and Boudhanath.

question: What religion does Changunarayan belong to?, answer: Hindu | question: What Buddhist monuments are present at Boudhanath?, answer: stupas | question: How many acres are the Kathmandu valley monument zones?, answer: 466.9 | question: In hectares, how large is the Kathmandu valley monument buffer zone?, answer: 239.34 | question: When did the Kathmandu valley monuments receive WHS status?, answer: 2006
The ancient-Chamorro society had four classes: chamorri (chiefs), matua (upper class), achaot (middle class), and mana'chang (lower class).:20–21 The matua were located in the coastal villages, which meant they had the best access to fishing grounds, whereas the mana'chang were located in the interior of the island. Matua and mana'chang rarely communicated with each other, and matua often used achaot as intermediaries. There were also "makåhna" (similar to shamans), skilled in healing and medicine. Belief in spirits of ancient Chamorros called "Taotao mo'na" still persists as a remnant of pre-European culture. Their society was organized along matrilineal clans.:21

question: Which four classes made up the ancient -Chamorro society?, answer: chamorri (chiefs), matua (upper class), achaot (middle class), and mana'chang (lower class) | question: Where were the matua located on the island?, answer: coastal villages | question: Where were the mana'chag located?, answer: interior of the island
The animals most often thought of as being "typical" of Galicia are the livestock raised there. The Galician horse is native to the region, as is the Galician Blond cow and the domestic fowl known as the galiña de Mos. The latter is an endangered species, although it is showing signs of a comeback since 2001. Galicia's woodlands and mountains are home to rabbits, hares, wild boars, and roe deer, all of which are popular with hunters. Several important bird migration routes pass through Galicia, and some of the community's relatively few environmentally protected areas are Special Protection Areas (such as on the Ría de Ribadeo) for these birds. From a domestic point of view, Galicia has been credited for author Manuel Rivas as the "land of one million cows". Galician Blond and Holstein cattle coexist on meadows and farms.

question: Which cow species is native to Galicia?, answer: Galician Blond | question: Which fowl species is native to the area?, answer: galiña de Mos | question: One of the Special Protection Areas for birds is in which area?, answer: Ría de Ribadeo
The animistic idea as the representation of the imaginative reality, is sanctified in the Homeric poems and in Greek myths, in stories of the god Hephaestus (Phaistos) and the mythic Daedalus (the builder of the labyrinth) that made images which moved of their own accord. This kind of art goes back to the Minoan period, when its main theme was the representation of motion in a specific moment. These free-standing statues were usually marble, but also the form rendered in limestone, bronze, ivory and terracotta.

question: Who is said to be the builder of the labyrinth?, answer: Daedalus | question: During what period was art's main theme the representation of motion in a specific movement?, answer: Minoan period | question: These free-standing statues were sometimes rendered from immestone, bronze, ivory and terracotta but were usually made from what material?, answer: marble
The annelids are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, coelomate, invertebrate organisms. They also have parapodia for locomotion. Most textbooks still use the traditional division into polychaetes (almost all marine), oligochaetes (which include earthworms) and leech-like species. Cladistic research since 1997 has radically changed this scheme, viewing leeches as a sub-group of oligochaetes and oligochaetes as a sub-group of polychaetes. In addition, the Pogonophora, Echiura and Sipuncula, previously regarded as separate phyla, are now regarded as sub-groups of polychaetes. Annelids are considered members of the Lophotrochozoa, a "super-phylum" of protostomes that also includes molluscs, brachiopods, flatworms and nemerteans.

question: What kind of symmetry do annelids have?, answer: bilateral | question: What do annelids use to move?, answer: parapodia | question: Which subtype of annelids includes most marine worms?, answer: polychaetes | question: Which subtype of annelids includes earthworms?, answer: oligochaetes | question: Since 1997, what are leeches seen as a subgroup of?, answer: oligochaetes
The announcement came two years after Dell Inc. returned to private ownership, claiming that it faced bleak prospects and would need several years out of the public eye to rebuild its business. It's thought that the company's value has roughly doubled since then. EMC was being pressured by Elliott Management, a hedge fund holding 2.2% of EMC's stock, to reorganize their unusual "Federation" structure, in which EMC's divisions were effectively being run as independent companies. Elliott argued this structure deeply undervalued EMC's core "EMC II" data storage business, and that increasing competition between EMC II and VMware products was confusing the market and hindering both companies. The Wall Street Journal estimated that in 2014 Dell had revenue of $27.3 billion from personal computers and $8.9bn from servers, while EMC had $16.5bn from EMC II, $1bn from RSA Security, $6bn from VMware, and $230 million from Pivotal Software. EMC owns around 80 percent of the stock of VMware. The proposed acquisition will maintain VMware as a separate company, held via a new tracking stock, while the other parts of EMC will be rolled into Dell. Once the acquisition closes Dell will again publish quarterly financial results, having ceased these on going private in 2013.

question: What hedge fund group was pressuring EMC into restructuring?, answer: Elliott Management | question: How much has Dell's value increased since they went private?, answer: doubled | question: What news source published revenue estimations between Dell and EMC?, answer: The Wall Street Journal | question: What year did Dell go private?, answer: 2013
The annual Southampton Boat Show is held in September each year, with over 600 exhibitors present. It runs for just over a week at Mayflower Park on the city's waterfront, where it has been held since 1968. The Boat Show itself is the climax of Sea City, which runs from April to September each year to celebrate Southampton's links with the sea.

question: In what month each year is the Southampton Boat Show held?, answer: September | question: What waterfront park hosts the Boat Show?, answer: Mayflower Park | question: When was the Boat Show first held in Mayflower Park?, answer: 1968 | question: What Southampton festival culminates in the Boat Show?, answer: Sea City | question: Attendees of the Boat Show can expect to see at least how many exhibitors?, answer: 600
The answer to why there was so little assimilation of Jews in central and eastern Europe for so long would seem to lie in part in the probability that the alien surroundings in central and eastern Europe were not conducive, though contempt did not prevent some assimilation. Furthermore, Jews lived almost exclusively in shtetls, maintained a strong system of education for males, heeded rabbinic leadership, and scorned the life-style of their neighbors; and all of these tendencies increased with every outbreak of antisemitism.

question: The lack of assimilation of Jews in central and eastern Europe lies in part to the fact that they lived almost exclusively in what?, answer: shtetls | question: A lack of assimilation of Jews in central and eastern Europe is also attributed to males taking part in what type of system?, answer: a strong system of education | question: In central and eastern Europe it is thought that Jewish scorn for the life-style of their neighbors increased due to what?, answer: increased with every outbreak of antisemitism | question: Besides living in shtetls, maintaining a strong system of education for males, and scorning the life-style of their neighbors, Jews in central and eastern Europe also did what?, answer: heeded rabbinic leadership
The anti-bullying It Gets Better Project expanded from a single YouTube video directed to discouraged or suicidal LGBT teens, that within two months drew video responses from hundreds including U.S. President Barack Obama, Vice President Biden, White House staff, and several cabinet secretaries. Similarly, in response to fifteen-year-old Amanda Todd's video "My story: Struggling, bullying, suicide, self-harm", legislative action was undertaken almost immediately after her suicide to study the prevalence of bullying and form a national anti-bullying strategy.

question: What is the name of the group that drew responses from the resident and most of his staff regarding anti-bullying?, answer: It Gets Better Project | question: How old was Amanda Todd when she took her own life because of bullying?, answer: fifteen | question: How ling did it take the It Gets Better Project video to draw such a huge response?, answer: within two months | question: What was done after Amanda Todd's death?, answer: legislative action was undertaken | question: What was the goal of the actions taken after Amanda Todd's death?, answer: form a national anti-bullying strategy
The anti-clerical feeling was widespread, and Durango supported the initial reaction against the government at Mexico. In May 1832, José Urrea, a rising officer, supported the restoration of President Pedraza. On July 20, Governor Elorriaga was reinstated, and Baca along with the legislative minority were brought back to form a new legislature, which met on September 1. Chihuahua showed no desire to imitate the revolutionary movement and Urrea prepared to invade the state. Comandante-general J.J.Calvo threatened to retaliate, and a conflict seemed imminent. The entry of General Santa Anna into Mexico brought calm, as the leaders waited for clarity.

question: Who supported the reaction against the government?, answer: Durango | question: Who supported the restoration of President Pedraza?, answer: José Urrea | question: Which state did Urrea prepare to invade?, answer: Chihuahua | question: Who threatened to retaliate?, answer: J.J.Calvo
The antiquity of this form of writing extends before the invention of paper around the year 100 in China. Note each palm leaf section was only several lines, written longitudinally across the leaf, and bound by twine to the other sections. The outer portion was decorated. The alphabets of Southeast Asia tended to be abugidas, until the arrival of the Europeans, who used words that also ended in consonants, not just vowels. Other forms of official documents, which did not use paper, included Javanese copperplate scrolls. This material would have been more durable than paper in the tropical climate of Southeast Asia.

question: Which form of writing extended before the invention of paper?, answer: palm leaf | question: What were the alphabets of Southeast Asia?, answer: abugidas | question: What other forms of writing materials were used during this period?, answer: copperplate scrolls | question: In what direction were the writings on a palm leaf?, answer: longitudinally | question: The sections of the palm leafs were bound by what material?, answer: twine
The apartheid bureaucracy devised complex (and often arbitrary) criteria in the Population Registration Act of 1945 to determine who belonged in which group. Minor officials administered tests to enforce the classifications. When it was unclear from a person's physical appearance whether the individual should be considered Coloured or Black, the "pencil test" was used. A pencil was inserted into a person's hair to determine if the hair was kinky enough to hold the pencil, rather than having it pass through, as it would with smoother hair. If so, the person was classified as Black. Such classifications sometimes divided families.

question: What act determined what class a citizen belonged to?, answer: the Population Registration Act of 1945 | question: What test was used to determine if someone was coloured or black?, answer: pencil test | question: How did the pencil test work?, answer: A pencil was inserted into a person's hair to determine if the hair was kinky enough to hold the pencil | question: Who administered the "Pencil Test"?, answer: Minor officials
The apparently sudden appearance of nearly modern flowers in the fossil record initially posed such a problem for the theory of evolution that it was called an "abominable mystery" by Charles Darwin. However, the fossil record has considerably grown since the time of Darwin, and recently discovered angiosperm fossils such as Archaefructus, along with further discoveries of fossil gymnosperms, suggest how angiosperm characteristics may have been acquired in a series of steps. Several groups of extinct gymnosperms, in particular seed ferns, have been proposed as the ancestors of flowering plants, but there is no continuous fossil evidence showing exactly how flowers evolved. Some older fossils, such as the upper Triassic Sanmiguelia, have been suggested. Based on current evidence, some propose that the ancestors of the angiosperms diverged from an unknown group of gymnosperms in the Triassic period (245–202 million years ago). Fossil angiosperm-like pollen from the Middle Triassic (247.2–242.0 Ma) suggests an older date for their origin. A close relationship between angiosperms and gnetophytes, proposed on the basis of morphological evidence, has more recently been disputed on the basis of molecular evidence that suggest gnetophytes are instead more closely related to other gymnosperms.[citation needed]

question: What did Charles Darwin call the sudden appearance of nearly modern flowers in the fossil record?, answer: abominable mystery | question: What type of fossil is the recently discovered Archaefructus?, answer: angiosperm | question: What fossil evidence is lacking when it comes to flowers?, answer: evidence showing exactly how flowers evolved | question: From what period does fossilized pollen suggest an older date for angiosperm origin?, answer: Middle Triassic | question: What relationship proposed on the basis of morphological evidence has recently been disputed?, answer: relationship between angiosperms and gnetophytes
The appearance of more systematic, abstract thinking is another notable aspect of cognitive development during adolescence. For example, adolescents find it easier than children to comprehend the sorts of higher-order abstract logic inherent in puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies. Their increased facility permits them to appreciate the ways in which language can be used to convey multiple messages, such as satire, metaphor, and sarcasm. (Children younger than age nine often cannot comprehend sarcasm at all.) This also permits the application of advanced reasoning and logical processes to social and ideological matters such as interpersonal relationships, politics, philosophy, religion, morality, friendship, faith, democracy, fairness, and honesty.

question: Do adolescents or children understand puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies most effectively?, answer: adolescents | question: Children under what age often cannot comprehend sarcasm?, answer: nine | question: Are puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies lower-order or higher-order logic?, answer: higher-order | question: The appearance of more systematic, abstract thinking is a notable aspect of what type of development during adolescence?, answer: cognitive
The approaching era of jet travel, and a series of midair collisions (most notable was the 1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision), prompted passage of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958. This legislation gave the CAA's functions to a new independent body, the Federal Aviation Agency. The act transferred air safety regulation from the CAB to the new FAA, and also gave the FAA sole responsibility for a common civil-military system of air navigation and air traffic control. The FAA's first administrator, Elwood R. Quesada, was a former Air Force general and adviser to President Eisenhower.

question: When did the Grand-Canyon mid-air collision happen?, answer: 1956 | question: when was the Federal Aviation Act passed?, answer: 1958 | question: What agency would now act like the CAA?, answer: Federal Aviation Agency | question: Who did the Federal Aviation Act transfer air safety regulation from?, answer: CAB | question: Who was the FAA's first administrator?, answer: Elwood R. Quesada