lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Corruption and Trikoupis' increased spending to create necessary infrastructure like the Corinth Canal overtaxed the weak Greek economy, forcing the declaration of public insolvency in 1893 and to accept the imposition of an International Financial Control authority to pay off the country's debtors. Another political issue in 19th-century Greece was uniquely Greek: the language question. The Greek people spoke a form of Greek called Demotic. Many of the educated elite saw this as a peasant dialect and were determined to restore the glories of Ancient Greek.

question: In 1893 Greece announced what?, answer: public insolvency | question: To pay off the people they owed, Greece had to accept what?, answer: International Financial Control authority | question: The people of Greece that had higher education saw what dialect as beneath them?, answer: Demotic | question: A hot topic in Greece in the 19th century was what?, answer: language
Corruption can also affect the various components of sports activities (referees, players, medical and laboratory staff involved in anti-doping controls, members of national sport federation and international committees deciding about the allocation of contracts and competition places).

question: Corruption can determine certain things in what kind of activities?, answer: sports | question: Medical staff can affect what aspect of sports?, answer: anti-doping controls
Corruption facilitates environmental destruction. While corrupt societies may have formal legislation to protect the environment, it cannot be enforced if officials can easily be bribed. The same applies to social rights worker protection, unionization prevention, and child labor. Violation of these laws rights enables corrupt countries to gain illegitimate economic advantage in the international market.

question: Corruption aids what as far as the environment is concerned?, answer: environmental destruction | question: Formal legislation cannot be regulated when officials are what?, answer: bribed | question: Bribes also halt unions, the protection of children in labor, and what?, answer: social rights worker protection | question: When these laws are broken, corrupt countries gain what in the international market?, answer: illegitimate economic advantage
Corruption is not specific to poor, developing, or transition countries. In western countries, cases of bribery and other forms of corruption in all possible fields exist: under-the-table payments made to reputed surgeons by patients attempting to be on top of the list of forthcoming surgeries, bribes paid by suppliers to the automotive industry in order to sell low-quality connectors used for instance in safety equipment such as airbags, bribes paid by suppliers to manufacturers of defibrillators (to sell low-quality capacitors), contributions paid by wealthy parents to the "social and culture fund" of a prestigious university in exchange for it to accept their children, bribes paid to obtain diplomas, financial and other advantages granted to unionists by members of the executive board of a car manufacturer in exchange for employer-friendly positions and votes, etc. Examples are endless. These various manifestations of corruption can ultimately present a danger for the public health; they can discredit specific, essential institutions or social relationships.

question: These types of corruption can harm what?, answer: the public health | question: Along with institutions, this type of corruption can discredit what?, answer: social relationships
Corruption is often most evident in countries with the smallest per capita incomes, relying on foreign aid for health services. Local political interception of donated money from overseas is especially prevalent in Sub-Saharan African nations, where it was reported in the 2006 World Bank Report that about half of the funds that were donated for health usages were never invested into the health sectors or given to those needing medical attention.

question: Where is corruption most noticeable?, answer: countries with the smallest per capita incomes | question: These countries rely on foreign aid for what?, answer: health services | question: In Sub-Saharan African countries, what level of government is corruption especially prevalent at?, answer: Local | question: Which report described this corruption?, answer: the 2006 World Bank Report | question: How many funds did not reach their intended recipients who needed medical attention?, answer: about half
Cossacks, although Slavic-speaking and Orthodox Christians, came from a mix of ethnic backgrounds, including Tatars and other Turks. Many early members of the Terek Cossacks were Ossetians.

question: Cossacks came from what backgrounds?, answer: Tatars and other Turks | question: Many early members of the Terek Cossacks were what?, answer: Ossetians | question: What religious affiliation did the Cossacks have?, answer: Orthodox Christians
Cotton is used to make a number of textile products. These include terrycloth for highly absorbent bath towels and robes; denim for blue jeans; cambric, popularly used in the manufacture of blue work shirts (from which we get the term "blue-collar"); and corduroy, seersucker, and cotton twill. Socks, underwear, and most T-shirts are made from cotton. Bed sheets often are made from cotton. Cotton also is used to make yarn used in crochet and knitting. Fabric also can be made from recycled or recovered cotton that otherwise would be thrown away during the spinning, weaving, or cutting process. While many fabrics are made completely of cotton, some materials blend cotton with other fibers, including rayon and synthetic fibers such as polyester. It can either be used in knitted or woven fabrics, as it can be blended with elastine to make a stretchier thread for knitted fabrics, and apparel such as stretch jeans.

question: For what is cotton used to make?, answer: textile products | question: Besides new cotton fibers, what type of fibers can be used to make cotton products?, answer: recycled or recovered cotton | question: With what is cotton often blended to make a new style of fabric?, answer: synthetic fibers | question: What kinds of fabrics can be made from blended fibers?, answer: knitted or woven | question: For what can cotton yarn be used?, answer: crochet and knitting
Cotton linters are fine, silky fibers which adhere to the seeds of the cotton plant after ginning. These curly fibers typically are less than 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) long. The term also may apply to the longer textile fiber staple lint as well as the shorter fuzzy fibers from some upland species. Linters are traditionally used in the manufacture of paper and as a raw material in the manufacture of cellulose. In the UK, linters are referred to as "cotton wool". This can also be a refined product (absorbent cotton in U.S. usage) which has medical, cosmetic and many other practical uses. The first medical use of cotton wool was by Sampson Gamgee at the Queen's Hospital (later the General Hospital) in Birmingham, England.

question: What part of the cotton plant is used for paper manufacture?, answer: Cotton linters | question: What do cotton linters look like?, answer: fine, silky fibers | question: What are cotton linters called in the UK?, answer: cotton wool | question: What is cotton wool called in the US?, answer: absorbent cotton | question: What individual first used cotton wool medically?, answer: Sampson Gamgee
Cotton lisle is a finely-spun, tightly twisted type of cotton that is noted for being strong and durable. Lisle is composed of two strands that have each been twisted an extra twist per inch than ordinary yarns and combined to create a single thread. The yarn is spun so that it is compact and solid. This cotton is used mainly for underwear, stockings, and gloves. Colors applied to this yarn are noted for being more brilliant than colors applied to softer yarn. This type of thread was first made in the city of Lisle, France (now Lille), hence its name.

question: What is a fine, tightly twisted type of cotton fabric?, answer: Cotton lisle | question: What is lisle considered to be as a fabric?, answer: strong and durable | question: What does extra twisting of lisle thread produce?, answer: single thread | question: Where was the lisle thread originally made?, answer: Lisle, France | question: How is color perceived to be for lisle in comparison to softer yarns?, answer: more brilliant
Cotton remained a key crop in the Southern economy after emancipation and the end of the Civil War in 1865. Across the South, sharecropping evolved, in which landless black and white farmers worked land owned by others in return for a share of the profits. Some farmers rented the land and bore the production costs themselves. Until mechanical cotton pickers were developed, cotton farmers needed additional labor to hand-pick cotton. Picking cotton was a source of income for families across the South. Rural and small town school systems had split vacations so children could work in the fields during "cotton-picking."

question: What was the procedure called which involved workers to work for a share of the profits?, answer: sharecropping | question: What difficulty in harvesting cotton required a large labor force?, answer: hand-pick | question: Besides adults what segment of the southern US population was involved in the harvesting of cotton?, answer: children | question: What function of southern schools was created for children to pick cotton?, answer: split vacations | question: What part of the southern population worked as sharecroppers?, answer: landless
Coulton Waugh attempted the first comprehensive history of American comics with The Comics (1947). Will Eisner's Comics and Sequential Art (1985) and Scott McCloud's Understanding Comics (1993) were early attempts in English to formalize the study of comics. David Carrier's The Aesthetics of Comics (2000) was the first full-length treatment of comics from a philosophical perspective. Prominent American attempts at definitions of comics include Eisner's, McCloud's, and Harvey's. Eisner described what he called "sequential art" as "the arrangement of pictures or images and words to narrate a story or dramatize an idea"; Scott McCloud defined comics "juxtaposed pictorial and other images in deliberate sequence, intended to convey information and/or to produce an aesthetic response in the viewer", a strictly formal definition which detached comics from its historical and cultural trappings. R. C. Harvey defined comics as "pictorial narratives or expositions in which words (often lettered into the picture area within speech balloons) usually contribute to the meaning of the pictures and vice versa". Each definition has had its detractors. Harvey saw McCloud's definition as excluding single-panel cartoons, and objected to McCloud's de-emphasizing verbal elements, insisting "the essential characteristic of comics is the incorporation of verbal content". Aaron Meskin saw McCloud's theories as an artificial attempt to legitimize the place of comics in art history.

question: Who put together a history of American comics in 1947?, answer: Coulton Waugh | question: What was the name of Waugh's work?, answer: The Comics | question: Who created a book about comics from a philosophical point of view?, answer: David Carrier | question: What book did Will Eisner create in 1985?, answer: Comics and Sequential Art
Council estates are in the Weston, Thornhill and Townhill Park districts. The city is ranked 96th most deprived out of all 354 Local Authorities in England.

question: How many Local Authorities are there in England?, answer: 354 | question: In addition to the Thornhill and Townhill Park districts, what other district has a council estate?, answer: Weston | question: What's Southampton's ranking on the list of most deprived Local Authorities in England?, answer: 96th
Counter-intuitively, the "micro" size is the most durable from the point of designed insertion lifetime. The standard and mini connectors were designed for less than daily connections, with a design lifetime of 1,500 insertion-removal cycles. (Improved mini-B connectors have reached 5,000-cycle lifetimes.) Micro connectors were designed with frequent charging of portable devices in mind; not only is design lifetime of the connector improved to 10,000 cycles, but it was also redesigned to place the flexible contacts, which wear out sooner, on the easily replaced cable, while the more durable rigid contacts are located in the micro-USB receptacles. Likewise, the springy part of the retention mechanism (parts that provide required gripping force) were also moved into plugs on the cable side.

question: What size is the most durable from the point of designed insertion lifetime?, answer: the "micro" size | question: What was designed for less daily connections?, answer: The standard and mini connectors | question: What has reached 5,000-cycle lifetimes?, answer: Improved mini-B connectors | question: What was designed with frequent charging of portable devices in mind?, answer: Micro connectors
Counting shipping as quasi-exports and in terms of monetary value, Greece ranked 4th globally in 2011 having "exported" shipping services worth 17,704.132 million $; only Denmark, Germany and South Korea ranked higher during that year. Similarly counting shipping services provided to Greece by other countries as quasi-imports and the difference between "exports" and "imports" as a "trade balance", Greece in 2011 ranked in the latter second behind Germany, having "imported" shipping services worth 7,076.605 million US$ and having run a "trade surplus" of 10,712.342 million US$.

question: When counting shipping as quasi-exports and in terms of monetary value, what is Greece's global rank?, answer: 4th | question: What was the worth Greece's shipping services in 2011?, answer: 17,704.132 million $ | question: What three countries were ahead of Greece in 2011 with exports?, answer: Denmark, Germany and South Korea | question: What was the shipping services imported by Greece in 2011 worth?, answer: 7,076.605 million US$ | question: What was Greece's 2011 trade surplus?, answer: 10,712.342 million US$
Court presentations of aristocratic young ladies to the monarch took place at the palace from the reign of Edward VII. These young women were known as débutantes, and the occasion—termed their "coming out"—represented their first entrée into society. Débutantes wore full court dress, with three tall ostrich feathers in their hair. They entered, curtsied, and performed a choreographed backwards walk and a further curtsy, while manoeuvring a dress train of prescribed length. (The ceremony, known as an evening court, corresponded to the "court drawing rooms" of Victoria's reign.) After World War II, the ceremony was replaced by less formal afternoon receptions, usually without choreographed curtsies and court dress.

question: Under whose reign did court presentations of young aristocratic ladies take place?, answer: Edward VII | question: What was the name for the ceremony where debutantes had their first introduction into society?, answer: coming out | question: Debutantes wore the feather of which bird in their hair?, answer: ostrich feathers | question: After WWII "coming out" ceremonies were replaces with what event?, answer: less formal afternoon receptions | question: Under whose reign were young debutantes presented to society at Court?, answer: Edward VII | question: What types of feathers did debutantes wear in their hair?, answer: ostrich feathers | question: What was the occasion where debutantes were presented to society called?, answer: "coming out" | question: After WWII what was the coming out ceremony replaced with?, answer: less formal afternoon receptions
Craig Venter and Francis Collins of the National Institute of Health jointly made the announcement of the mapping of the human genome in 2000. Upon examining the data from the genome mapping, Venter realized that although the genetic variation within the human species is on the order of 1–3% (instead of the previously assumed 1%), the types of variations do not support notion of genetically defined races. Venter said, "Race is a social concept. It's not a scientific one. There are no bright lines (that would stand out), if we could compare all the sequenced genomes of everyone on the planet." "When we try to apply science to try to sort out these social differences, it all falls apart."

question: What organization is Craig Venter and Francis Collins associated with?, answer: the National Institute of Health | question: What year was the announcement that the human genome had been mapped made in?, answer: 2000 | question: What doesn't the genetic variation within the human species support?, answer: notion of genetically defined races | question: What is a social concept, not a scientific one?, answer: Race | question: What happens when scientists try to apply science to sort out social differences?, answer: it all falls apart
Created by Takashi Okazaki, Afro Samurai was initially a doujinshi, or manga series, which was then made into an animated series by Studio Gonzo. In 2007 the animated series debuted on American cable television on the Spike TV channel (Denison, 2010). The series was produced for American viewers which “embodies the trend... comparing hip-hop artists to samurai warriors, an image some rappers claim for themselves (Solomon, 2009). The storyline keeps in tone with the perception of a samurais finding vengeance against someone who has wronged him. Starring the voice of well known American actor Samuel L. Jackson, “Afro is the second-strongest fighter in a futuristic, yet, still feudal Japan and seeks revenge upon the gunman who killed his father” (King 2008). Due to its popularity, Afro Samurai was adopted into a full feature animated film and also became titles on gaming consoles such as the PlayStation 3 and Xbox. Not only has the samurai culture been adopted into animation and video games, it can also be seen in comic books.

question: Who created Afro Samurai?, answer: Takashi Okazaki | question: Who made Afro Samurai into an animated TV show?, answer: Studio Gonzo | question: When did Afro Samurai first air?, answer: 2007 | question: On what channel did Afro Samurai air?, answer: Spike TV | question: Who was the star voice actor of Afro Samurai?, answer: Samuel L. Jackson
Crevasses can form in several different ways. Transverse crevasses are transverse to flow and form where steeper slopes cause a glacier to accelerate. Longitudinal crevasses form semi-parallel to flow where a glacier expands laterally. Marginal crevasses form from the edge of the glacier, due to the reduction in speed caused by friction of the valley walls. Marginal crevasses are usually largely transverse to flow. Moving glacier ice can sometimes separate from stagnant ice above, forming a bergschrund. Bergschrunds resemble crevasses but are singular features at a glacier's margins.

question: Which crevasses form on the edge of the glacier?, answer: Marginal crevasses | question: Why do marginal crevasses form on the edge of a glacier?, answer: reduction in speed caused by friction of the valley walls | question: What do bergschrunds resemble?, answer: crevasses | question: How are bergschrunds different than crevasses?, answer: singular features at a glacier's margins | question: Where do transverse crevasses form?, answer: where steeper slopes cause a glacier to accelerate
Criminal justice agencies in England and Wales use at least two separate racial/ethnic classification systems when reporting crime, as of 2010. One is the system used in the 2001 Census when individuals identify themselves as belonging to a particular ethnic group: W1 (White-British), W2 (White-Irish), W9 (Any other white background); M1 (White and black Caribbean), M2 (White and black African), M3 (White and Asian), M9 (Any other mixed background); A1 (Asian-Indian), A2 (Asian-Pakistani), A3 (Asian-Bangladeshi), A9 (Any other Asian background); B1 (Black Caribbean), B2 (Black African), B3 (Any other black background); O1 (Chinese), O9 (Any other). The other is categories used by the police when they visually identify someone as belonging to an ethnic group, e.g. at the time of a stop and search or an arrest: White – North European (IC1), White – South European (IC2), Black (IC3), Asian (IC4), Chinese, Japanese, or South East Asian (IC5), Middle Eastern (IC6), and Unknown (IC0). "IC" stands for "Identification Code;" these items are also referred to as Phoenix classifications. Officers are instructed to "record the response that has been given" even if the person gives an answer which may be incorrect; their own perception of the person's ethnic background is recorded separately. Comparability of the information being recorded by officers was brought into question by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) in September 2007, as part of its Equality Data Review; one problem cited was the number of reports that contained an ethnicity of "Not Stated."

question: How many separate classification systems do agencies in England and Wales use?, answer: at least two | question: When did individuals self-identify as belonging to a particular ethnic group?, answer: the 2001 Census | question: How do police identify someone as belonging to an ethnic group?, answer: visually | question: What does IC stand for?, answer: Identification Code | question: What ethnicity term was one problem cited about the number of reports containing it?, answer: Not Stated
Criminal law involves the prosecution by the state of wrongful acts which are considered to be so serious that they are a breach of the sovereign's peace (and cannot be deterred or remedied by mere lawsuits between private parties). Generally, crimes can result in incarceration, but torts (see below) cannot. The majority of the crimes committed in the United States are prosecuted and punished at the state level. Federal criminal law focuses on areas specifically relevant to the federal government like evading payment of federal income tax, mail theft, or physical attacks on federal officials, as well as interstate crimes like drug trafficking and wire fraud.

question: What is criminal law?, answer: prosecution by the state of wrongful acts | question: What type of wrongful act will the state prosecute?, answer: acts which are considered to be so serious that they are a breach of the sovereign's peace | question: Who focuses on things such as evading payment of federal income tax, mail theft, or physical attacks on federal officials, as well as interstate crimes like drug trafficking and wire fraud?, answer: Federal criminal law | question: Where are the majority of the U.S.'s crimes prosecuted?, answer: state level | question: What can result in incarceration?, answer: crimes