lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Following the death of Grand Prince Igor in 945, his wife Olga ruled as regent in Kiev until their son Sviatoslav reached maturity (ca. 963). His decade-long reign over Rus' was marked by rapid expansion through the conquest of the Khazars of the Pontic steppe and the invasion of the Balkans. By the end of his short life, Sviatoslav carved out for himself the largest state in Europe, eventually moving his capital from Kiev to Pereyaslavets on the Danube in 969. In contrast with his mother's conversion to Christianity, Sviatoslav, like his druzhina, remained a staunch pagan. Due to his abrupt death in an ambush in 972, Sviatoslav's conquests, for the most part, were not consolidated into a functioning empire, while his failure to establish a stable succession led to a fratricidal feud among his sons, which resulted in two of his three sons being killed.

question: When did Prince Igor past away?, answer: 945 | question: In what year did Sviatoslav take over as leader?, answer: 963 | question: Who ruled in Prince Oleg's place following his death?, answer: his wife Olga | question: Where did Sviatoslav move the capital to?, answer: Pereyaslavets
Following the death of Husayn, Ibn al-Zubayr, although remaining in Mecca, was associated with two opposition movements, one centered in Medina and the other around Kharijites in Basra and Arabia. Because Medina had been home to Muhammad and his family, including Husayn, word of his death and the imprisonment of his family led to a large opposition movement. In 683, Yazid dispatched an army to subdue both movements. The army suppressed the Medinese opposition at the Battle of al-Harrah. The Grand Mosque in Medina was severely damaged and widespread pillaging caused deep-seated dissent. Yazid's army continued on and laid siege to Mecca. At some point during the siege, the Kaaba was badly damaged in a fire. The destruction of the Kaaba and Grand Mosque became a major cause for censure of the Umayyads in later histories of the period.

question: What opposition movement was based in Arabia and Basra?, answer: Kharijites | question: Who sent an army in 683 to stop the opposition movements?, answer: Yazid | question: In what battle was the Medinese opposition movement defeated?, answer: Battle of al-Harrah | question: Where is the Kaaba located?, answer: Mecca
Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed]

question: When did Pope Pius XII die?, answer: 9 October 1958 | question: When was his last full day in Venice?, answer: 11 October | question: Why did Roncalli leave Venice?, answer: for the conclave in Rome | question: He was elected pope after how many ballots?, answer: eleven ballots
Following the defeat in World War I, influence of German-speaking elites over Central and Eastern Europe was greatly limited. At the treaty of Versailles Germany was substantially reduced in size. Austria-Hungary was split up. Rump-Austria, which to a certain extent corresponded to the German-speaking areas of Austria-Hungary (a complete split into language groups was impossible due to multi-lingual areas and language-exclaves) adopted the name "German-Austria" (German: Deutschösterreich). The name German-Austria was forbidden by the victorious powers of World War I. Volga Germans living in the Soviet Union were interned in gulags or forcibly relocated during the Second World War.

question: What greatly reduced the size of Germany after WWI?, answer: treaty of Versailles | question: Who was relocated during the second world war from the Soviet Union?, answer: Volga Germans | question: What name did Rump-Austria adopt?, answer: German-Austria | question: What is the German translation for German-Austria?, answer: Deutschösterreich
Following the defeat of Japan in the Second World War, anti-Japanese resistance movements in Malaya turned their attention towards the British, who had moved to quickly retake control of the colony, valuing it as a source of rubber and tin. The fact that the guerrillas were primarily Malayan-Chinese Communists meant that the British attempt to quell the uprising was supported by the Muslim Malay majority, on the understanding that once the insurgency had been quelled, independence would be granted. The Malayan Emergency, as it was called, began in 1948 and lasted until 1960, but by 1957, Britain felt confident enough to grant independence to the Federation of Malaya within the Commonwealth. In 1963, the 11 states of the federation together with Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo joined to form Malaysia, but in 1965 Chinese-majority Singapore was expelled from the union following tensions between the Malay and Chinese populations. Brunei, which had been a British protectorate since 1888, declined to join the union and maintained its status until independence in 1984.

question: When did the Malayan Emergency begin?, answer: 1948 | question: When did Britain give the Federation of Malaya its independence?, answer: 1957 | question: When did Singapore leave the Federation of Malaya?, answer: 1965 | question: What race was the majority of Singapore's population?, answer: Chinese | question: When did Brunei get its independence?, answer: 1984
Following the defeat of the German empire in World War I and the abdication of the German Emperor, some revolutionary insurgents declared Alsace-Lorraine as an independent Republic, without preliminary referendum or vote. On 11 November 1918 (Armistice Day), communist insurgents proclaimed a "soviet government" in Strasbourg, following the example of Kurt Eisner in Munich as well as other German towns. French troops commanded by French general Henri Gouraud entered triumphantly in the city on 22 November. A major street of the city now bears the name of that date (Rue du 22 Novembre) which celebrates the entry of the French in the city. Viewing the massive cheering crowd gathered under the balcony of Strasbourg's town hall, French President Raymond Poincaré stated that "the plebiscite is done".

question: In what war was the German Empire defeated?, answer: World War I | question: What kind of Republic did some insurgents declare Alsace-Lorraine?, answer: independent | question: What date was Strasbourg declared a soviet government by insurgents?, answer: 11 November 1918 | question: Who commanded the French troops on November 22?, answer: French general Henri Gouraud | question: What French President said "the plebiscite is done"?, answer: Raymond Poincaré
Following the elections of 1973, the constitution of Swaziland was suspended by King Sobhuza II who thereafter ruled the country by decree until his death in 1982. At this point Sobhuza II had ruled Swaziland for 61 years, making him the longest ruling monarch in history. A regency followed his death, with Queen Regent Dzeliwe Shongwe being head of state until 1984 when she was removed by Liqoqo and replaced by Queen Mother Ntfombi Tfwala. Mswati III, the son of Ntfombi, was crowned king on 25 April 1986 as King and Ingwenyama of Swaziland.

question: In what year was the constitution of Swaziland suspended?, answer: 1973 | question: Who ruled Swaziland in the late 1970s?, answer: King Sobhuza II | question: When did King Sobhuza II die?, answer: 1982 | question: Who was the head of state of Swaziland after King Sobhuza II, answer: Queen Regent Dzeliwe Shongwe | question: Which monarch of Swaziland was crownd in April 1986?, answer: Mswati III
Following the end of World War II the educational gap between White and Black Americans was widened by Dwight D. Eisenhower's GI Bill. This piece of legislation paved the way for white GIs to attend college. Despite their veteran status returning black servicemen were not afforded loans at the same rate as whites. Furthermore, at the time of its introduction, segregation was still the law of the land barring blacks from the best institutions. Overall, "Nearly 8 million servicemen and servicewomen were educated under the provisions of the GI Bill after World War II. But for blacks, higher educational opportunities were so few that the promise of the GI Bill went largely unfulfilled."

question: What major event preceded the growth of the divide in education between White and Black Americans?, answer: end of World War II | question: What was considered to be a major cause of the increase in educational gap?, answer: Dwight D. Eisenhower's GI Bill | question: What did returning black veterans not receive?, answer: loans at the same rate as whites | question: How many servicemen and women were educated as a result of the GI Bill?, answer: Nearly 8 million | question: What opportunities were few for black veterans?, answer: higher educational
Following the end of the Cold War, the threat of direct conventional military confrontation with other states has been replaced by terrorism. Sir Richard Dannatt predicted British forces to be involved in combating "predatory non-state actors" for the foreseeable future, in what he called an "era of persistent conflict". He told the Chatham House think tank that the fight against al-Qaeda and other militant Islamist groups was "probably the fight of our generation".

question: What was the new threat that arose after the end of the Cold War?, answer: terrorism
Following the excommunication of Luther and condemnation of the Reformation by the Pope, the work and writings of John Calvin were influential in establishing a loose consensus among various groups in Switzerland, Scotland, Hungary, Germany and elsewhere. After the expulsion of its Bishop in 1526, and the unsuccessful attempts of the Bern reformer William Farel, Calvin was asked to use the organisational skill he had gathered as a student of law to discipline the "fallen city" of Geneva. His Ordinances of 1541 involved a collaboration of Church affairs with the City council and consistory to bring morality to all areas of life. After the establishment of the Geneva academy in 1559, Geneva became the unofficial capital of the Protestant movement, providing refuge for Protestant exiles from all over Europe and educating them as Calvinist missionaries. The faith continued to spread after Calvin's death in 1563.

question: Who condemned the Reformation?, answer: the Pope | question: Who wrote the Ordinances of 1541?, answer: John Calvin | question: What city became the unofficial capital of the Protestant movement?, answer: Geneva | question: When did John Calvin die?, answer: 1563 | question: What type of missionaries were taught in Geneva?, answer: Calvinist
Following the fall of Wu and the turmoil of the Wu Hu uprising against the Jin dynasty (265–420), most of elite Chinese families had collaborated with the non-Chinese rulers and military conquerors in the north. Some may have lost social privilege, and took refugee in areas south to Yangtze River. Some of the Chinese refugees from north China might have resided in areas near Hangzhou. For example, the clan of Zhuge Liang (181–234), a chancellor of the state of Shu Han from Central Plain in north China during the Three Kingdoms period, gathered together at the suburb of Hangzhou, forming an exclusive, closed village Zhuge Village (Zhege Cun), consisting of villagers all with family name "Zhuge". The village has intentionally isolated itself from the surrounding communities for centuries to this day, and only recently came to be known in public. It suggests that a small number of powerful, elite Chinese refugees from the Central Plain might have taken refugee in south of the Yangtze River. However, considering the mountainous geography and relative lack of agrarian lands in Zhejiang, most of these refugees might have resided in some areas in south China beyond Zhejiang, where fertile agrarian lands and metropolitan resources were available, mainly north Jiangsu, west Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Anhui,and provinces where less cohesive, organized regional governments had been in place. Metropolitan areas of Sichuan was another hub for refugees, given that the state of Shu had long been founded and ruled by political and military elites from the Central Plain and north China. Some refugees from the north China might have found residence in south China depending on their social status and military power in the north. The rump Jin state or the Southern Dynasties vied against some elite Chinese from the Central Plain and south of the Yangtze River.

question: When was the Jin Dynasty?, answer: 265–420 | question: Where did the clan of Zhuge Liang gather together?, answer: Zhuge Village (Zhege Cun) | question: When did Zhuge Village isolate itself until?, answer: this day | question: What kind of geography is in Zhejiang?, answer: mountainous | question: When did Zhuge Liang live from?, answer: 181–234
Following the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256, Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Ilkhanate in Iran. In 1370, yet another conqueror, Timur, followed the example of Hulagu, establishing the Timurid Empire which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massacre of Isfahan, reportedly killing 70,000 citizens. The Ilkhans and the Timurids soon came to adopt the ways and customs of the Iranians, choosing to surround themselves with a culture that was distinctively Iranian.

question: Who established an Ilkhanate in Iran after the break up of the Mongol Empire in 1256?, answer: Hulagu Khan | question: Timur established the Timurid Empire in Iran in what year?, answer: 1370 | question: How long did the Timurid empire last in Iran?, answer: 156 years | question: The Ilkhans and Tumrids had what type of culture when ruling Iran?, answer: a culture that was distinctively Iranian | question: How many citizens were massacred in Isfahan by Timur in 1387?, answer: 70,000 citizens
Following the glass batch preparation and mixing, the raw materials are transported to the furnace. Soda-lime glass for mass production is melted in gas fired units. Smaller scale furnaces for specialty glasses include electric melters, pot furnaces, and day tanks. After melting, homogenization and refining (removal of bubbles), the glass is formed. Flat glass for windows and similar applications is formed by the float glass process, developed between 1953 and 1957 by Sir Alastair Pilkington and Kenneth Bickerstaff of the UK's Pilkington Brothers, who created a continuous ribbon of glass using a molten tin bath on which the molten glass flows unhindered under the influence of gravity. The top surface of the glass is subjected to nitrogen under pressure to obtain a polished finish. Container glass for common bottles and jars is formed by blowing and pressing methods. This glass is often slightly modified chemically (with more alumina and calcium oxide) for greater water resistance. Further glass forming techniques are summarized in the table Glass forming techniques.

question: What happens during refining?, answer: removal of bubbles | question: What method is used for making windows?, answer: float glass process | question: What is used on the surface of window glass to make it smooth?, answer: nitrogen | question: What is added to the glass of jars to improve water resistance?, answer: alumina and calcium oxide | question: Who were the inventors of the float glass process?, answer: Alastair Pilkington and Kenneth Bickerstaff
Following the hardliners' takeover, the September 30, 1990 elections (runoffs on October 14) were characterized by intimidation; several Popular Front candidates were jailed, two were murdered, and unabashed ballot stuffing took place even in the presence of Western observers. The election results reflected the threatening environment; out of the 350 members, 280 were Communists, with only 45 opposition candidates from the Popular Front and other non-communist groups, who together formed a Democratic Bloc ("Dembloc"). In May 1990 Mutalibov was elected Chairman of the Supreme Soviet unopposed.

question: What party's candidates were murdered in the September 30 elections?, answer: Popular Front | question: How many members were from opposition parties?, answer: 45 | question: How many total members were there?, answer: 350 | question: Who was elected to be Chairman in May?, answer: Mutalibov
Following the purchase of an offshore lease in 2005, Shell initiated its US$4.5 billion Arctic drilling program in 2006, after the corporation purchased the "Kulluk" oil rig and leased the Noble Discoverer drillship. At inception, the project was led by Pete Slaiby, a Shell executive who had previously worked in the North Sea. However, after the purchase of a second offshore lease in 2008, Shell only commenced drilling work in 2012, due to the refurbishment of rigs, permit delays from the relevant authorities and lawsuits. The plans to drill in the Arctic led to protests from environmental groups, particularly Greenpeace; furthermore, analysts in the energy field, as well as related industries, also expressed skepticism due to perceptions that drilling in the region is "too dangerous because of harsh conditions and remote locations".

question: Shell purchased what in 2005?, answer: an offshore lease | question: What did Shell initate after its 2005 purchase?, answer: its US$4.5 billion Arctic drilling program | question: What executive initially led the Artic drilling project?, answer: Pete Slaiby | question: What caused the delay in drilling after Shell's 2008 purchase?, answer: the refurbishment of rigs, permit delays from the relevant authorities and lawsuits | question: Shell's plans to drill in the Artic led to protests from which particular environmental group?, answer: Greenpeace
Following the release of Intel-based Macs, third-party platform virtualization software such as Parallels Desktop, VMware Fusion, and VirtualBox began to emerge. These programs allow users to run Microsoft Windows or previously Windows-only software on Macs at near native speed. Apple also released Boot Camp and Mac-specific Windows drivers that help users to install Windows XP or Vista and natively dual boot between Mac OS X and Windows. Though not condoned by Apple, it is possible to run the Linux operating system using Boot camp or other virtualization workarounds. Unlike most PCs, however, Macs are unable to run many legacy PC operating systems. In particular, Intel-based macs lack the A20 gate.

question: What type of software began to emerge following the release of Intel-based Macs?, answer: third-party platform virtualization | question: At what speed do programs such as VirtualBox allow Microsoft Windows to run on Macs?, answer: at near native speed | question: What is possible to run by using Boot camp, even though it is not condoned by Apple?, answer: the Linux operating system | question: What do Macs lack that makes them unable to run many legacy PC operating systems?, answer: the A20 gate
Following the start of the Arab Spring in 2011, Gaddafi spoke out in favour of Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, then threatened by the Tunisian Revolution. He suggested that Tunisia's people would be satisfied if Ben Ali introduced a Jamahiriyah system there. Fearing domestic protest, Libya's government implemented preventative measures, reducing food prices, purging the army leadership of potential defectors and releasing several Islamist prisoners. They proved ineffective, and on 17 February 2011, major protests broke out against Gaddafi's government. Unlike Tunisia or Egypt, Libya was largely religiously homogenous and had no strong Islamist movement, but there was widespread dissatisfaction with the corruption and entrenched systems of patronage, while unemployment had reached around 30%.

question: In what year did the so-called Arab Spring occur?, answer: 2011 | question: Who was the president of Tunisia in 2011?, answer: Zine El Abidine Ben Ali | question: About what percentage of the Libyan population was unemployed in 2011?, answer: 30 | question: On what date in 2011 did protests begin in Libya?, answer: 17 February | question: Along with corruption, what were Libyans upset with in 2011?, answer: patronage
Following the success of Le Journal de Mickey (1934–44), dedicated comics magazines and full-colour comics albums became the primary outlet for comics in the mid-20th century. As in the US, at the time comics were seen as infantile and a threat to culture and literacy; commentators stated that "none bear up to the slightest serious analysis",[c] and that comics were "the sabotage of all art and all literature".[d]

question: In the United States in the middle of the 20th century comics were seen as a risk to culture and what?, answer: literacy | question: What was seen as "infantile" in the United States?, answer: comics | question: Comics were quoted as a sabotage of art and what?, answer: literature
Following the successes of his trial-run games, Foster moved ahead with his idea for arena football. He founded the Arena Football League with four teams: the Pittsburgh Gladiators, Denver Dynamite, Washington Commandos, and Chicago Bruisers. Foster appointed legendary Darrel "Mouse" Davis, godfather of the "run and shoot" and modern pro offenses, as executive director of football operations. Davis hired the original coaches and was the architect of the league's original wide-open offensive playbooks.

question: How many teams did the Arena Football League originally have?, answer: four | question: Along with the Chicago Bruisers, Denver Dynamite and Pittsburgh Gladiators, what team was one of the original AFL teams?, answer: Washington Commandos | question: What was the title of Darrell Davis in the AFL?, answer: executive director of football operations | question: What was Darrell Davis' nickname?, answer: Mouse | question: Who was responsible for hiring the first coaches of the AFL teams?, answer: Davis
Following the suspension of the AFL's 2009 season, league officials and owners of af2 (which had played its season as scheduled) began discussing the future of arena football and the two leagues. With its 50.1 percent ownership of af2, the AFL's bankruptcy and dissolution prompted the dissolution of af2 as well. That league was formally considered disbanded on September 8, 2009, when no owner committed his or her team to the league's eleventh season by that deadline. For legal reasons, af2 league officials and owners agreed to form a new legal entity, Arena Football 1 (AF1), with former AFL teams the Arizona Rattlers and Orlando Predators joining the former af2.

question: What percent of af2 was owned by the AFL?, answer: 50.1 | question: On what date was af2 regarded as disbanded?, answer: September 8, 2009 | question: What legal entity was created by af2 league owners?, answer: Arena Football 1 | question: Along with the Orlando Predators, what former Arena Football League team joined af2?, answer: Arizona Rattlers | question: What Arena Football League season was suspended?, answer: 2009