lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
After the consulship had been opened to the plebeians, the plebeians were able to hold both the dictatorship and the censorship. Plebiscites of 342 BC placed limits on political offices; an individual could hold only one office at a time, and ten years must elapse between the end of his official term and his re-election. Further laws attempted to relieve the burden of debt from plebeians by banning interest on loans. In 337 BC, the first plebeian praetor was elected. During these years, the tribunes and the senators grew increasingly close. The senate realised the need to use plebeian officials to accomplish desired goals. To win over the tribunes, the senators gave the tribunes a great deal of power and the tribunes began to feel obligated to the senate. As the tribunes and the senators grew closer, plebeian senators were often able to secure the tribunate for members of their own families. In time, the tribunate became a stepping stone to higher office.

question: What year were limits placed upon plebeians that prevented them from holding more than one office concurrently?, answer: 342 BC | question: What could no longer be associated with debt after laws were passed preventing it?, answer: interest | question: What year saw the election of a plebeian to the office of praetor?, answer: 337 BC | question: How did senators attempt to gain the favor of the tribunes?, answer: gave the tribunes a great deal of power | question: What was considered a pathway to holding a higher office?, answer: the tribunate
After the costly U.S. involvement in World War I, isolationism grew within the nation. Congress refused membership in the League of Nations, and in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia, the gradually more restrictive Neutrality Acts were passed, which were intended to prevent the U.S. from supporting either side in a war. President Franklin D. Roosevelt sought to support Britain, however, and in 1940 signed the Lend-Lease Act, which permitted an expansion of the "cash and carry" arms trade to develop with Britain, which controlled the Atlantic sea lanes.

question: What general sentiment was the result of losses in World War I?, answer: isolationism | question: Congress refused to allow the US to join what organization?, answer: the League of Nations | question: What legislation was passed to discourage the country from getting involved in a foreign war?, answer: Neutrality Acts | question: Which US President sought to circumvent Neutrality acts to aid Britain?, answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt | question: What was the name of the 1940 program to send arms to Britain?, answer: the Lend-Lease Act
After the creation of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901, Norfolk Island was placed under the authority of the new Commonwealth government to be administered as an external territory. During World War II, the island became a key airbase and refuelling depot between Australia and New Zealand, and New Zealand and the Solomon Islands. The airstrip was constructed by Australian, New Zealand and United States servicemen during 1942. Since Norfolk Island fell within New Zealand's area of responsibility it was garrisoned by a New Zealand Army unit known as N Force at a large Army camp which had the capacity to house a 1,500 strong force. N Force relieved a company of the Second Australian Imperial Force. The island proved too remote to come under attack during the war and N Force left the island in February 1944.

question: When was the Commonwealth of Australia created?, answer: 1901 | question: During what major event did Norfolk Island become an important airbase and refuelling station?, answer: World War II | question: Who contructed the airbase used on Norfolk Island during World War II?, answer: Australian, New Zealand and United States servicemen | question: Norfolk Island fell under whose responsibility during World War II?, answer: New Zealand | question: When did N Force leave Norfolk Island during the time of World War II?, answer: February 1944
After the death of Lysimachus, one of his officers, Philetaerus, took control of the city of Pergamum in 282 BC along with Lysimachus' war chest of 9,000 talents and declared himself loyal to Seleucus I while remaining de facto independent. His descendant, Attalus I, defeated the invading Galatians and proclaimed himself an independent king. Attalus I (241–197BC), was a staunch ally of Rome against Philip V of Macedon during the first and second Macedonian Wars. For his support against the Seleucids in 190 BCE, Eumenes II was rewarded with all the former Seleucid domains in Asia Minor. Eumenes II turned Pergamon into a centre of culture and science by establishing the library of Pergamum which was said to be second only to the library of Alexandria with 200,000 volumes according to Plutarch. It included a reading room and a collection of paintings. Eumenes II also constructed the Pergamum Altar with friezes depicting the Gigantomachy on the acropolis of the city. Pergamum was also a center of parchment (charta pergamena) production. The Attalids ruled Pergamon until Attalus III bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic in 133 BC to avoid a likely succession crisis.

question: Which officer took control of Pergamum in 282 BC?, answer: Philetaerus | question: Who did Philetaerus declare himself loyal to?, answer: Seleucus I | question: Attalus I was a strong ally of Rome and which ruler?, answer: Philip V of Macedon | question: Where was the library of Pergamum located?, answer: Pergamon | question: What depicts the Gigantomachy on the acropolis of the city?, answer: Pergamum Altar
After the death of Menander (c. 130 BC), the Kingdom appears to have fragmented, with several 'kings' attested contemporaneously in different regions. This inevitably weakened the Greek position, and territory seems to have been lost progressively. Around 70 BC, the western regions of Arachosia and Paropamisadae were lost to tribal invasions, presumably by those tribes responsible for the end of the Bactrian kingdom. The resulting Indo-Scythian kingdom seems to have gradually pushed the remaining Indo-Greek kingdom towards the east. The Indo-Greek kingdom appears to have lingered on in western Punjab until about 10 AD when finally ended by the Indo-Scythians.

question: When did Menander die?, answer: 130 BC | question: What kingdom forced the Indo-Greek kingdom to the east?, answer: Indo-Scythian | question: Around 70 BC, Arachosia and what other region where taken over by tribal invasion?, answer: Paropamisadae | question: I couldn't could up with another question. But i need to fill this space because I can't submit the hit., answer: dom. The resulting Indo-Scythian kingdom seems to have gradually pushed the remaining Indo-Greek | question: I couldn't could up with another question. But i need to fill this space because I can't submit the hit., answer: in
After the death of the president Benito Juárez in 1872, the first magistracy of the country was occupied by the vice-president Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, who called for new elections. Two candidates were registered; Lerdo de Tejada and General Porfirio Díaz, one of the heroes of the Battle of Puebla which had taken place on May 5, 1862. Lerdeo de Tejada won the election, but lost popularity after he announced his intent to run for re-election. On March 21, 1876, Don Porfirio Díaz rebelled against President Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada. The Plan of Tuxtepec defended the "No Re-election" principle. On June 2, 1876 the garrisons in the state of Chihuahua surrendered to the authority of General Porfirio Díaz; Governor Antonio Ochoa was arrested until all the Lerdista forces were suppressed throughout the state. Porfirio Díaz then helped Tíras regain the governorship of the state of Chihuahua allowing for the Plan of Tuxtepec to be implemented. The victory of the Plan of Tuxtepec, gave the interim presidency to Jose Maria Iglesias and later, as the only candidate, the General Porfirio Díaz assumed the presidency on May 5, 1877. During the first years of the Porfiriato (Porfirio Díaz Era), the Díaz administration had to combat several attacks from the Lerdista forces and the Apache. A new rebellion led by the Lerdista party was orchestrated from exile in the United States. The Lerdista forces were able to temporarily occupy the city of El Paso del Norte until mid-1877. During 1877 the northern parts of the state suffered through a spell of extreme drought which were responsible for many deaths in El Paso del Norte.

question: In which year did Benito Juarez die?, answer: 1872 | question: The two candidates were heroes of what battle?, answer: Battle of Puebla | question: Which plan defended the "No Re-election" principle?, answer: The Plan of Tuxtepec | question: Which party rebelled against the administration?, answer: Lerdista party | question: Which city was occupied by the Lerdista forces?, answer: El Paso del Norte
After the death of the replacement bishop Gregory in 345, Constans used his influence to allow Athanasius to return to Alexandria in October 345, amidst the enthusiastic demonstrations of the populace. This began a "golden decade" of peace and prosperity, during which time Athanasius assembled several documents relating to his exiles and returns from exile in the Apology Against the Arians. However, upon Constans's death in 350, another civil war broke out, which left pro-Arian Constantius as sole emperor. An Alexandria local council in 350 replaced (or reaffirmed) Athanasius in his see.

question: Who did he have to thank for his ability to come back to Alexandria in 345?, answer: Constans | question: Were the people glad to have him home?, answer: enthusiastic demonstrations | question: In what writing did he recount his time in exiles?, answer: Apology Against the Arians | question: What happened when Constans died?, answer: civil war | question: Did the new emperor agree or disagree with the Arians?, answer: pro-Arian
After the decline of Aksum, the Eritrean highlands were under the domain of Bahr Negash ruled by the Bahr Negus. The area was then known as Ma'ikele Bahr ("between the seas/rivers," i.e. the land between the Red Sea and the Mereb river). It was later renamed under Emperor Zara Yaqob as the domain of the Bahr Negash, the Medri Bahri ("Sea land" in Tingrinya, although it included some areas like Shire on the other side of the Mereb, today in Ethiopia). With its capital at Debarwa, the state's main provinces were Hamasien, Serae and Akele Guzai.

question: What domain were the Eritrean highlands under after the decline of Aksum?, answer: Bahr Negash ruled by the Bahr Negus | question: What was the area in the Eritrean highlands named under Emperor Zaro Yaqob?, answer: Medri Bahri | question: What was the capitol of Medri Bahri?, answer: Debarwa | question: What were the main provinces of Medri Bahri?, answer: Hamasien, Serae and Akele Guzai | question: What is the English translation of Medri Bahri?, answer: Sea land
After the decline of the Teutonic Order following its defeat in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410, and the defeat of the Livonian Order in the Battle of Swienta on 1 September 1435, the Livonian Confederation Agreement was signed on 4 December 1435. The Livonian Confederation ceased to exist during the Livonian War (1558–82). The wars had reduced the Estonian population from about 250–300,000 people before the Livonian War to 120–140,000 in the 1620s. The Grand Duchy of Moscow and Tsardom of Russia also attempted invasions in 1481 and 1558, both of which were unsuccessful .

question: When did the Battle of Grunwald take place?, answer: 1410 | question: What event preceded the decline of the Teutonic Order?, answer: the Battle of Grunwald | question: Who did the Estonians defeat in the Battle of Swienta?, answer: the Livonian Order | question: What is date of the Battle of Swienta?, answer: 1 September 1435 | question: When was the Livonian Confederation Agreement signed?, answer: 4 December 1435
After the defeat of the Confederacy, federal forces remained in Charleston during the city's reconstruction. The war had shattered the prosperity of the antebellum city. Freed slaves were faced with poverty and discrimination, but a large community of free people of color had been well-established in the city before the war and became the leaders of the postwar Republican Party and its legislators. Men who had been free people of color before the war comprised 26% of those elected to state and federal office in South Carolina from 1868 to 1876.

question: What percentage of those elected from 1868 to 1876 were Freemen?, answer: 26% | question: Freeman became the leaders of what party in Charleston?, answer: postwar Republican Party | question: What else did freed slaves face in postwar Charleston besides discrimination?, answer: poverty | question: For what did the Federal forces remain in Charleston?, answer: city's reconstruction | question: Which side was defeated in the war before Reconstruction?, answer: Confederacy
After the development of the large London Porter breweries in the 18th century, the trend grew for pubs to become tied houses which could only sell beer from one brewery (a pub not tied in this way was called a Free house). The usual arrangement for a tied house was that the pub was owned by the brewery but rented out to a private individual (landlord) who ran it as a separate business (even though contracted to buy the beer from the brewery). Another very common arrangement was (and is) for the landlord to own the premises (whether freehold or leasehold) independently of the brewer, but then to take a mortgage loan from a brewery, either to finance the purchase of the pub initially, or to refurbish it, and be required as a term of the loan to observe the solus tie.

question: What was the name for a pub that could sell beer from more than one brewery?, answer: a Free house | question: In what century did the habit arise of pubs selling beer from only one brewery?, answer: 18th | question: What was the name of the private individual who rented out a pub owned by a brewery?, answer: landlord
After the disappointment of the Gaspart era, the combination of a new young president, Joan Laporta, and a young new manager, former Dutch and Milan star Frank Rijkaard, saw the club bounce back. On the field, an influx of international players, including Ronaldinho, Deco, Henrik Larsson, Ludovic Giuly, Samuel Eto'o, and Rafael Márquez, combined with home grown Spanish players, such as Carles Puyol, Andrés Iniesta, Xavi and Víctor Valdés, led to the club's return to success. Barcelona won La Liga and the Supercopa de España in 2004–05, and Ronaldinho and Eto'o were voted first and third, respectively, in the FIFA World Player of the Year awards.

question: Under whose direction was there disappointment?, answer: Gaspart | question: After Gaspart, who was manager of team Barcelona?, answer: Frank Rijkaard | question: At this time, what type of players were added to Barcelona?, answer: international | question: What season did Barcelona win La Liga and Supercopa de Espana?, answer: 2004–05 | question: Which player won FIFA World Player of the Year?, answer: Ronaldinho
After the disastrous defeat of the Prussian Army at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt in 1806, Napoleon occupied Berlin and had the officials of the Prussian General Directory swear an oath of allegiance to him, while King Frederick William III and his consort Louise fled via Königsberg and the Curonian Spit to Memel. The French troops immediately took up pursuit but were delayed in the Battle of Eylau on 9 February 1807 by an East Prussian contingent under General Anton Wilhelm von L'Estocq. Napoleon had to stay at the Finckenstein Palace, but in May, after a siege of 75 days, his troops led by Marshal François Joseph Lefebvre were able to capture the city Danzig, which had been tenaciously defended by General Count Friedrich Adolf von Kalkreuth. On 14 June, Napoleon ended the War of the Fourth Coalition with his victory at the Battle of Friedland. Frederick William and Queen Louise met with Napoleon for peace negotiations, and on 9 July the Prussian king signed the Treaty of Tilsit.

question: What defeat led to Prussia having to swear its allegiance to Napoleon?, answer: Battle of Jena-Auerstedt | question: What city did King Frederick William use to flee Prussia?, answer: Königsberg | question: What year did Napoleon end of the War of the Fourth Coalition?, answer: 1807
After the downfall of the prior Gupta Empire in the middle of the 6th century, North India reverted to small republics and small monarchical states ruled by Gupta rulers. Harsha was a convert to Buddhism. He united the small republics from Punjab to central India, and their representatives crowned Harsha king at an assembly in April 606 giving him the title of Maharaja when he was merely 16 years old. Harsha belonged to Kanojia. He brought all of northern India under his control. The peace and prosperity that prevailed made his court a center of cosmopolitanism, attracting scholars, artists and religious visitors from far and wide. The Chinese traveler Xuan Zang visited the court of Harsha and wrote a very favorable account of him, praising his justice and generosity.

question: In which century did the Gupta Empire fall?, answer: middle of the 6th century | question: To what type of states did the former Gupta Empire revert?, answer: small | question: After uniting the area, what title was Harsha given?, answer: Maharaja | question: When was Harsha crowned by the states he united?, answer: April 606 | question: To what religion had Harsha been converted?, answer: Buddhism
After the early 20th century revolutions, shifting alliances of China's regional warlords waged war for control of the Beijing government. Despite the fact that various warlords gained control of the government in Beijing during the warlord era, this did not constitute a new era of control or governance, because other warlords did not acknowledge the transitory governments in this period and were a law unto themselves. These military-dominated governments were collectively known as the Beiyang government. The warlord era ended around 1927.

question: What happened to China after the 20th century revolutions?, answer: shifting alliances of China's regional warlords waged war for control of the Beijing government. | question: Who ultimately gained control of the Beijing government?, answer: various warlords | question: Why was there not a new era of governance in Beijing?, answer: because other warlords did not acknowledge the transitory governments in this period and were a law unto themselves. | question: What were the military dominated governments known as?, answer: the Beiyang government | question: When did the warlord era end?, answer: around 1927
After the end of hostilities, a period of growth and expansion started for the city. In 1853 a stagecoach bus line was established joining Montevideo with the newly formed settlement of Unión and the first natural gas street lights were inaugurated.[citation needed] From 1854 to 1861 the first public sanitation facilities were constructed. In 1856 the Teatro Solís was inaugurated, 15 years after the beginning of its construction. By Decree, on December 1861 the areas of Aguada and Cordón were incorporated to the growing Ciudad Nueva (New City). In 1866, an underwater telegraph line connected the city with Buenos Aires. The statue of Peace, La Paz, was erected on a column in Plaza Cagancha and the building of the Postal Service as well as the bridge of Paso Molino were inaugurated in 1867.

question: What year was a stagecoach bus line established in Montevideo?, answer: 1853 | question: Between what years were the first natural gas street lights constructed?, answer: 1854 to 1861 | question: What year was the Teatro Solis inaugurated?, answer: 1856 | question: What year was an underwater telegraph line made that connected Montevideo with Buenos Aires?, answer: 1866
After the end of the late Middle Ages period, the Renaissance would spread unevenly over continental Europe from the southern European region. The intellectual transformation of the Renaissance is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Europeans would later begin an era of world discovery. Combined with the influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing which facilitated dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. These two things would lead to the Protestant Reformation. Europeans also discovered new trading routes, as was the case with Columbus’s travel to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama’s circumnavigation of Africa and India in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations.

question: Along with the invention of printing, and the associated dissemination of the printed word, what other factor is believed to have led to the Protestant Reformation?, answer: democratized learning | question: Which continents did Vasco da Gama circumnavigate in 1498?, answer: Africa and India | question: What effect did the discoveries of Columbus and da Gama have on European nations?, answer: strengthened the economy and power | question: What historical era is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern Era?, answer: the Renaissance | question: What was discovered as the result of both Columbus' and da Gama's voyages?, answer: new trading routes
After the establishment of Hampshire County Council, following the act in 1888, Southampton became a county borough within the county of Hampshire, which meant that it had many features of a county, but governance was now shared between the Corporation in Southampton and the new county council. There is a great source of confusion in the fact that the ancient shire county, along with its associated assizes, was known as the County of Southampton or Southamptonshire. This was officially changed to Hampshire in 1959 although the county had been commonly known as Hampshire or Hantscire for centuries. Southampton became a non-metropolitan district in 1974.

question: In what year did an act establish the Hampshire County Council?, answer: 1888 | question: What organization did the new county council share governance of Southampton with?, answer: the Corporation in Southampton | question: What year was the county of Hampshire officially named?, answer: 1959 | question: Even before it was official, Hampshire was often called Hampshire or what ancient variation of the name?, answer: Hantscire | question: What designation was Southampton given in 1974?, answer: non-metropolitan district
After the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave was a military zone, which was closed to foreigners; Soviet citizens could only enter with special permission. In 1967 the remnants of Königsberg Castle were demolished on the orders of Leonid Brezhnev to make way for a new "House of the Soviets".

question: Once the German populations was removed, what three groups settled into the nothern area?, answer: ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians | question: In the Soviet section to the north, what did they want to expel from their land?, answer: eliminating all remnants of German history | question: What else happened in the northern part of East Prussia in the now Russian area?, answer: names were replaced by new Russian names