lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Marshal MacMahon, now closest to Wissembourg, spread his four divisions over 20 miles (32 km) to react to any Prussian invasion. This organization of forces was due to a lack of supplies, forcing each division to seek out basic provisions along with the representatives of the army supply arm that was supposed to aid them. What made a bad situation much worse was the conduct of General Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot, commander of the 1st Division. He told General Abel Douay, commander of the 2nd Division, on 1 August that "The information I have received makes me suppose that the enemy has no considerable forces very near his advance posts, and has no desire to take the offensive". Two days later, he told MacMahon that he had not found "a single enemy post ... it looks to me as if the menace of the Bavarians is simply bluff". Even though Ducrot shrugged off the possibility of an attack by the Germans, MacMahon tried to warn the other divisions of his army, without success.

question: Which marshal was closest to Wissembourg?, answer: Marshal MacMahon | question: How many divisions did MacMahon command?, answer: four divisions | question: Over how many miles did MacMahon's divisions cover?, answer: 20 miles | question: Whose conduct made a bad situation worse?, answer: General Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot | question: What group did General Ducrot command?, answer: the 1st Division
Marshall Field & Company originated in 1852. It was the premier department store on the main shopping street in the Midwest, State Street in Chicago. Upscale shoppers came by train from throughout the region, patronizing nearby hotels. It grew to become a major chain before converting to the Macy's nameplate on 9 September 2006. Marshall Field's Served as a model for other departments stores in that it had exceptional customer service. Field's also brought with it the now famous Frango mints brand that became so closely identified with Marshall Field's and Chicago from the now defunct Frederick & Nelson Department store. Marshall Field's also had the firsts, among many innovations by Marshall Field's. Field's had the first European buying office, which was located in Manchester, England, and the first bridal registry. The company was the first to introduce the concept of the personal shopper, and that service was provided without charge in every Field's store, until the chain's last days under the Marshall Field's name. It was the first store to offer revolving credit and the first department store to use escalators. Marshall Field's book department in the State Street store was legendary; it pioneered the concept of the "book signing." Moreover, every year at Christmas, Marshall Field's downtown store windows were filled with animated displays as part of the downtown shopping district display; the "theme" window displays became famous for their ingenuity and beauty, and visiting the Marshall Field's windows at Christmas became a tradition for Chicagoans and visitors alike, as popular a local practice as visiting the Walnut Room with its equally famous Christmas tree or meeting "under the clock" on State Street.

question: In what year was Marshall Field and company established?, answer: 1852 | question: When did Marshall's convert to the Macy's name?, answer: 9 September 2006 | question: What made Marshall's such a good example for other stores?, answer: exceptional customer service | question: Where was Marshall's European buying office located?, answer: Manchester, England | question: What free service did Marshall's provide customers until changing their name to Macy's?, answer: personal shopper
Martin Goodman founded the company later known as Marvel Comics under the name Timely Publications in 1939. Martin Goodman, a pulp magazine publisher who had started with a Western pulp in 1933, was expanding into the emerging—and by then already highly popular—new medium of comic books. Launching his new line from his existing company's offices at 330 West 42nd Street, New York City, he officially held the titles of editor, managing editor, and business manager, with Abraham Goodman officially listed as publisher.

question: Who originally founded Marvel Comics?, answer: Martin Goodman | question: What was the original name of Marvel Comics?, answer: Timely Publications | question: When was Marvel founded?, answer: 1939 | question: In what city was Marvel based when it was founded?, answer: New York City | question: What was Abraham Goodman's official title when Marvel was founded?, answer: publisher
Martin Luther, a German monk, started the German Reformation by posting 95 theses on the castle church of Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. The immediate provocation spurring this act was Pope Leo X’s renewal of the indulgence for the building of the new St. Peter's Basilica in 1514. Luther was challenged to recant his heresy at the Diet of Worms in 1521. When he refused, he was placed under the ban of the Empire by Charles V. Receiving the protection of Frederick the Wise, he was then able to translate the Bible into German.

question: Into what language did Martin Luther translate the Bible?, answer: German | question: What did Martin Luther post on the castle church of Wittenberg?, answer: 95 theses | question: In what year did Martin Luther post his 95 theses?, answer: 1517 | question: What was Martin Luther's response when challenged to recant his heresy?, answer: he refused | question: Who acted as protector to Martin Luther when he was under the ban of the Empire?, answer: Frederick the Wise
Martin Luther, who initiated the Protestant Reformation, said: "Mother Mary, like us, was born in sin of sinful parents, but the Holy Spirit covered her, sanctified and purified her so that this child was born of flesh and blood, but not with sinful flesh and blood. The Holy Spirit permitted the Virgin Mary to remain a true, natural human being of flesh and blood, just as we. However, he warded off sin from her flesh and blood so that she became the mother of a pure child, not poisoned by sin as we are. For in that moment when she conceived, she was a holy mother filled with the Holy Spirit and her fruit is a holy pure fruit, at once God and truly man, in one person." Some Lutherans, such as the members of the Anglo-Lutheran Catholic Church, support the doctrine.

question: Who is the person that started the religion that separated itself from the Catholic Church in the 17th century ?, answer: Martin Luther | question: What did he do that sparked the separation from the Catholic Church ?, answer: Protestant Reformation | question: What did this leader of change believe of the conception of Mary ?, answer: Mother Mary, like us, was born in sin of sinful parents, but the Holy Spirit covered her, sanctified and purified her | question: What did Mary's child avoid according to the leader of the separation ?, answer: this child was born of flesh and blood, but not with sinful flesh and blood. | question: What particular sect is a patron of this belief ?, answer: Some Lutherans, such as the members of the Anglo-Lutheran Catholic Church, support the doctrine.
Martorell's outstanding novel of chivalry Tirant lo Blanc (1490) shows a transition from Medieval to Renaissance values, something that can also be seen in Metge's work. The first book produced with movable type in the Iberian Peninsula was printed in Catalan.

question: Who wrote Tirant lo Blanc?, answer: Martorell | question: What kind of tale was Tirant lo Blanc?, answer: chivalry | question: To what does Matorell's work show a transition?, answer: Renaissance values | question: What other writer showed a transition to the Renaissance?, answer: Metge | question: In what was the first Catalan book printed on the Iberian Peninsula?, answer: movable type
Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Wolverine, Thor, Hulk, Ant-Man, such teams as the Avengers, the Guardians of the Galaxy, the Fantastic Four, the Inhumans and the X-Men, and antagonists such as Doctor Doom, The Enchantress, Green Goblin, Ultron, Doctor Octopus, Thanos, Magneto and Loki. Most of Marvel's fictional characters operate in a single reality known as the Marvel Universe, with locations that mirror real-life cities. Characters such as Spider-Man, the Fantastic Four, the Avengers, Daredevil and Doctor Strange are based in New York City, whereas the X-Men have historically been based in Salem Center, New York and Hulk's stories often have been set in the American Southwest.

question: Captain America, Thor and Ultron all inhabit what fictional milieu?, answer: Marvel Universe | question: Fictional placements within this setting are modeled off what?, answer: real-life cities | question: Spiderman's fictional city is based off what real American location?, answer: New York | question: What Marvel character's stories are set in an area resembling the American Southwest?, answer: Hulk | question: Which two groups of Marvel crimefighters are based in a fictional version of New York City?, answer: the Fantastic Four, the Avengers
Marvel discontinued its Marvel Adventures imprint in March 2012, and replaced them with a line of two titles connected to the Marvel Universe TV block. Also in March, Marvel announced its Marvel ReEvolution initiative that included Infinite Comics, a line of digital comics, Marvel AR, an application software that provides an augmented reality experience to readers and Marvel NOW!, a relaunch of most of the company's major titles with different creative teams. Marvel NOW! also saw the debut of new flagship titles including Uncanny Avengers and All-New X-Men.

question: When did the Marvel Adventures line cease publishing?, answer: March 2012 | question: Infinite Comics is related to what comics media platform?, answer: digital comics | question: What are two new titles under the Marvel NOW! line of comics?, answer: Uncanny Avengers and All-New X-Men | question: Marvel NOW!, Infinite Comics, and Marvel AR are under the umbrella of what in house business endeavor?, answer: Marvel ReEvolution | question: What does the AR in Marvel AR stand for?, answer: augmented reality
Marvel earned a great deal of money and recognition during the comic book boom of the early 1990s, launching the successful 2099 line of comics set in the future (Spider-Man 2099, etc.) and the creatively daring though commercially unsuccessful Razorline imprint of superhero comics created by novelist and filmmaker Clive Barker. In 1990, Marvel began selling Marvel Universe Cards with trading card maker SkyBox International. These were collectible trading cards that featured the characters and events of the Marvel Universe. The 1990s saw the rise of variant covers, cover enhancements, swimsuit issues, and company-wide crossovers that affected the overall continuity of the fictional Marvel Universe

question: What 1990s comic line featured futuristic, sci-fi stories?, answer: 2099 line | question: What was the name of the specialty comics line created by Clive Barker for Marvel?, answer: Razorline | question: In what year did Marvel introduce trading cards based on their characters?, answer: 1990 | question: What trading card company did Marvel team up with to license these trading cards?, answer: SkyBox International | question: What was affected by the increasing use at Marvel of crossover stories between comic characters?, answer: overall continuity of the fictional Marvel Universe
Marvel first licensed two prose novels to Bantam Books, who printed The Avengers Battle the Earth Wrecker by Otto Binder (1967) and Captain America: The Great Gold Steal by Ted White (1968). Various publishers took up the licenses from 1978 to 2002. Also, with the various licensed films being released beginning in 1997, various publishers put out movie novelizations. In 2003, following publication of the prose young adult novel Mary Jane, starring Mary Jane Watson from the Spider-Man mythos, Marvel announced the formation of the publishing imprint Marvel Press. However, Marvel moved back to licensing with Pocket Books from 2005 to 2008. With few books issued under the imprint, Marvel and Disney Books Group relaunched Marvel Press in 2011 with the Marvel Origin Storybooks line.

question: What publisher did Marvel first license its characters to for novelization?, answer: Bantam Books | question: What was the first novel published under this deal?, answer: The Avengers Battle the Earth Wrecker by Otto Binder | question: What was the name of the short-lived Marvel novelization book publisher during the 2000s?, answer: Marvel Press | question: In 2005, Marvel dropped it's own publishing rights for novelization and instead partnered with what publisher?, answer: Pocket Books | question: Marvel Press was relaunched in what year?, answer: 2011
Marvel held its own comic book convention, Marvelcon '75, in spring 1975, and promised a Marvelcon '76. At the 1975 event, Stan Lee used a Fantastic Four panel discussion to announce that Jack Kirby, the artist co-creator of most of Marvel's signature characters, was returning to Marvel after having left in 1970 to work for rival DC Comics. In October 1976, Marvel, which already licensed reprints in different countries, including the UK, created a superhero specifically for the British market. Captain Britain debuted exclusively in the UK, and later appeared in American comics.

question: What was Marvel's self-hosted comic book convention called?, answer: Marvelcon | question: What artist's return to Marvel was announced at this event?, answer: Jack Kirby | question: What Marvel character was specifically created to appeal to the UK market?, answer: Captain Britain | question: When was the first Marvel-sponsored comics convention?, answer: spring 1975 | question: When did Marvel's British-themed superhero first appear?, answer: October 1976
Marvin Gardens, the leading yellow property on the board shown, is actually a misspelling of the original location name, "Marven Gardens". The misspelling was said to have been introduced by Charles Todd and passed on when his home-made Monopoly board was copied by Charles Darrow and thence Parker Brothers. It was not until 1995 that Parker Brothers acknowledged this mistake and formally apologized to the residents of Marven Gardens for the misspelling although the spelling error was not corrected.

question: What popular property in Monopoly was actually a misspelling?, answer: Marvin Gardens | question: What is the name of the original property that Marvin Gardens takes its name from?, answer: Marven Gardens | question: Whose game did Parker Brothers model the board game after?, answer: Charles Darrow | question: In what year did Parker Brothers acknowledge and apologize for a spelling error in the game?, answer: 1995 | question: Who copied Charles Todd's Monopoly board?, answer: Charles Darrow
Marwan was succeeded by his son, Abd al-Malik (685–705), who reconsolidated Umayyad control of the caliphate. The early reign of Abd al-Malik was marked by the revolt of Al-Mukhtar, which was based in Kufa. Al-Mukhtar hoped to elevate Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, another son of Ali, to the caliphate, although Ibn al-Hanafiyyah himself may have had no connection to the revolt. The troops of al-Mukhtar engaged in battles both with the Umayyads in 686, defeating them at the river Khazir near Mosul, and with Ibn al-Zubayr in 687, at which time the revolt of al-Mukhtar was crushed. In 691, Umayyad troops reconquered Iraq, and in 692 the same army captured Mecca. Ibn al-Zubayr was killed in the attack.

question: Who was the father of Abd al-Malik?, answer: Marwan | question: When did Abd al-Malik's rule begin?, answer: 685 | question: Where was Al-Mukhtar based?, answer: Kufa | question: Who was the father of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah?, answer: Ali | question: In what year did Ibn al-Zubayr die?, answer: 692
Mary had been venerated since Early Christianity, and is considered by millions to be the most meritorious saint of the religion. The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran Churches believe that Mary, as Mother of Jesus, is the Mother of God and the Theotokos, literally "Giver of birth to God". There is significant diversity in the Marian beliefs and devotional practices of major Christian traditions. The Roman Catholic Church holds distinctive Marian dogmas; namely her status as the mother of God; her Immaculate Conception; her perpetual virginity; and her Assumption into heaven. Many Protestants minimize Mary's role within Christianity, based on the argued brevity of biblical references. Mary (Maryam) also has a revered position in Islam, where a whole chapter of the Qur'an is devoted to her, also describing the birth of Jesus.

question: What is the literal meaning of Theotokos?, answer: Giver of birth to God | question: Which branch of Christianity gives a diminished role to Mary?, answer: Protestants | question: What is Mary called in Islam?, answer: Maryam | question: What is the basis for Mary's diminished role in Protestantism?, answer: brevity of biblical references | question: Which two Protestant churches, along with the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches, believe that Mary is the Mother of God?, answer: Anglican, and Lutheran
Mary is also depicted as being present among the women at the crucifixion during the crucifixion standing near "the disciple whom Jesus loved" along with Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene,[Jn 19:25-26] to which list Matthew 27:56 adds "the mother of the sons of Zebedee", presumably the Salome mentioned in Mark 15:40. This representation is called a Stabat Mater. While not recorded in the Gospel accounts, Mary cradling the dead body of her son is a common motif in art, called a "pietà" or "pity".

question: Name the two women present with Mary at the Crucifixion of Jesus?, answer: Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene | question: In art, what is the name for the motif of Mary cradling the body of Jesus?, answer: pietà | question: In Matthew, who else besides Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene are with Mary at the Crucifixion?, answer: Salome | question: What does pieta mean?, answer: pity | question: What is a representation of Mary at the Crucifixion called?, answer: a Stabat Mater
Mary is referred to by the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Anglican Church, and all Eastern Catholic Churches as Theotokos, a title recognized at the Third Ecumenical Council (held at Ephesus to address the teachings of Nestorius, in 431). Theotokos (and its Latin equivalents, "Deipara" and "Dei genetrix") literally means "Godbearer". The equivalent phrase "Mater Dei" (Mother of God) is more common in Latin and so also in the other languages used in the Western Catholic Church, but this same phrase in Greek (Μήτηρ Θεοῦ), in the abbreviated form of the first and last letter of the two words (ΜΡ ΘΥ), is the indication attached to her image in Byzantine icons. The Council stated that the Church Fathers "did not hesitate to speak of the holy Virgin as the Mother of God".

question: In what year did the Third Ecumenical Council occur in Ephesus?, answer: 431 | question: Whose teachings were addressed at the Third Ecumenical Council?, answer: Nestorius | question: What does the phrase "Mater Dei" mean?, answer: Mother of God | question: What are the two Latin equivalents of the Greek term "Theokotos?", answer: "Deipara" and "Dei genetrix" | question: What is the literal translation of Theokotos?, answer: Godbearer
Mary resided in "her own house"[Lk.1:56] in Nazareth in Galilee, possibly with her parents, and during her betrothal — the first stage of a Jewish marriage — the angel Gabriel announced to her that she was to be the mother of the promised Messiah by conceiving him through the Holy Spirit, and she responded, "I am the handmaid of the Lord. Let it be done unto me according to your word." After a number of months, when Joseph was told of her conception in a dream by "an angel of the Lord", he planned to divorce her; but the angel told him to not hesitate to take her as his wife, which Joseph did, thereby formally completing the wedding rites.[Mt 1:18-25]

question: What is the first stage of Jewish marriage?, answer: betrothal | question: Which angel announced to Mary that she was to be the mother of the Messiah?, answer: Gabriel | question: What did Joseph plan to do when told of Mary's coneption in a dream?, answer: divorce her | question: Where did Mary live when she was visited by the angel Gabriel?, answer: in Nazareth in Galilee | question: In his dream, who told Joseph about Mary's conception?, answer: an angel of the Lord
Mary's complete sinlessness and concomitant exemption from any taint from the first moment of her existence was a doctrine familiar to Greek theologians of Byzantium. Beginning with St. Gregory Nazianzen, his explanation of the "purification" of Jesus and Mary at the circumcision (Luke 2:22) prompted him to consider the primary meaning of "purification" in Christology (and by extension in Mariology) to refer to a perfectly sinless nature that manifested itself in glory in a moment of grace (e.g., Jesus at his Baptism). St. Gregory Nazianzen designated Mary as "prokathartheisa (prepurified)." Gregory likely attempted to solve the riddle of the Purification of Jesus and Mary in the Temple through considering the human natures of Jesus and Mary as equally holy and therefore both purified in this manner of grace and glory. Gregory's doctrines surrounding Mary's purification were likely related to the burgeoning commemoration of the Mother of God in and around Constantinople very close to the date of Christmas. Nazianzen's title of Mary at the Annunciation as "prepurified" was subsequently adopted by all theologians interested in his Mariology to justify the Byzantine equivalent of the Immaculate Conception. This is especially apparent in the Fathers St. Sophronios of Jerusalem and St. John Damascene, who will be treated below in this article at the section on Church Fathers. About the time of Damascene, the public celebration of the "Conception of St. Ann [i.e., of the Theotokos in her womb]" was becoming popular. After this period, the "purification" of the perfect natures of Jesus and Mary would not only mean moments of grace and glory at the Incarnation and Baptism and other public Byzantine liturgical feasts, but purification was eventually associated with the feast of Mary's very conception (along with her Presentation in the Temple as a toddler) by Orthodox authors of the 2nd millennium (e.g., St. Nicholas Cabasilas and Joseph Bryennius).

question: What Empire held Grecian teachers of the virginity of Mary's conception ?, answer: Greek theologians of Byzantium | question: Who gave a reason for the purging of evil for the Blessed Virgin and her first child ?, answer: St. Gregory Nazianzen, his explanation of the "purification" of Jesus and Mary | question: What procedure was being performed while he gave his reasoning ?, answer: the circumcision | question: Who was compelled to write of this instance that was also an author of one of the book of the Bible ?, answer: Luke | question: What became associated with the celebration of Mary's inception in the womb ?, answer: purification was eventually associated with the feast of Mary's very conception