lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In 1756 Austria was making military preparations for war with Prussia and pursuing an alliance with Russia for this purpose. On June 2, 1746, Austria and Russia concluded a defensive alliance that covered their own territory and Poland against attack by Prussia or the Ottoman Empire. They also agreed to a secret clause that promised the restoration of Silesia and the countship of Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) to Austria in the event of hostilities with Prussia. Their real desire, however, was to destroy Frederick’s power altogether, reducing his sway to his electorate of Brandenburg and giving East Prussia to Poland, an exchange that would be accompanied by the cession of the Polish Duchy of Courland to Russia. Aleksey Petrovich, Graf (count) Bestuzhev-Ryumin, grand chancellor of Russia under Empress Elizabeth, was hostile to both France and Prussia, but he could not persuade Austrian statesman Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz to commit to offensive designs against Prussia so long as Prussia was able to rely on French support.

question: What Russian-Austrian agreement preceded the Seven Years War that started in 1755-56?, answer: June 2, 1746, Austria and Russia concluded a defensive alliance that covered their own territory and Poland against attack by Prussia or the Ottoman Empire | question: According to the Russian-Austrian pact of 1746, what would happen to Silesia in the event of hostilities with Prussia?, answer: They also agreed to a secret clause that promised the restoration of Silesia and the countship of Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) to Austria | question: What other area was mentioned regarding Prussian dominion in the Russian-Austrian pact?, answer: the countship of Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) to Austria | question: What individual was the main target of the pact?, answer: Their real desire, however, was to destroy Frederick’s power altogether | question: Why couldn't Petrovich persuade Austria to invade Prussia?, answer: he could not persuade Austrian statesman Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz to commit to offensive designs against Prussia
In 1756 and 1757 the French captured forts Oswego and William Henry from the British. The latter victory was marred when France's native allies broke the terms of capitulation and attacked the retreating British column, which was under French guard, slaughtering and scalping soldiers and taking captive many men, women and children while the French refused to protect their captives. French naval deployments in 1757 also successfully defended the key Fortress of Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island, securing the seaward approaches to Quebec.

question: Who assisted the French in taking forts Oswego and William Henry?, answer: France's native allies | question: How did the French guard respond to the attack on the prisoners?, answer: the French refused to protect their captives | question: How did France's native allies treat the British prisoners?, answer: slaughtering and scalping soldiers and taking captive many men, women and children | question: How did the French defend the Fortress of Louisbourg?, answer: French naval deployments | question: What Canadian area had is seaward side protected by the defense of the Fortress of Louisbourg?, answer: securing the seaward approaches to Quebec.
In 1758, the general of the Hindu Maratha Empire, Raghunath Rao conquered Lahore and Attock. Timur Shah Durrani, the son and viceroy of Ahmad Shah Abdali, was driven out of Punjab. Lahore, Multan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Kashmir and other subahs on the south and eastern side of Peshawar were under the Maratha rule for the most part. In Punjab and Kashmir, the Marathas were now major players. The Third Battle of Panipat took place on 1761, Ahmad Shah Abdali invaded the Maratha territory of Punjab and captured remnants of the Maratha Empire in Punjab and Kashmir regions and re-consolidated control over them.

question: Who was Raghunath Rao?, answer: the general of the Hindu Maratha Empire | question: Who did Rao conquer in 1758?, answer: Lahore and Attock | question: When was the Third Battle of Panipat?, answer: 1761 | question: Who ruled most of the eastern part of Peshawar?, answer: Maratha | question: Who captured part of the Maratha Empire in 1761?, answer: Ahmad Shah Abdali
In 1762, George III acquired Buckingham House and it was enlarged over the next 75 years. During the 18th century, London was dogged by crime, and the Bow Street Runners were established in 1750 as a professional police force. In total, more than 200 offences were punishable by death, including petty theft. Most children born in the city died before reaching their third birthday. The coffeehouse became a popular place to debate ideas, with growing literacy and the development of the printing press making news widely available; and Fleet Street became the centre of the British press.

question: What was King George II's royal residence beginning in 1762?, answer: Buckingham House | question: What was the name of the police force established in London in 1750?, answer: the Bow Street Runners | question: On average, when did children born in the City of London die?, answer: before reaching their third birthday | question: How many crimes in 18th century London could result in the death penalty?, answer: more than 200 | question: What was the London hub of the British press?, answer: Fleet Street
In 1762, towards the end of the war, French forces attacked St. John's, Newfoundland. If successful, the expedition would have strengthened France's hand at the negotiating table. Although they took St. John's and raided nearby settlements, the French forces were eventually defeated by British troops at the Battle of Signal Hill. This was the final battle of the war in North America, and it forced the French to surrender to Lieutenant Colonel William Amherst. The victorious British now controlled all of eastern North America.

question: Where did the French attack in 1762?, answer: St. John's, Newfoundland | question: What advantage would taking St. John's have provided for the French?, answer: the expedition would have strengthened France's hand at the negotiating table | question: Did the French hold St. John's?, answer: French forces were eventually defeated by British troops | question: Did the French take St. John's?, answer: they took St. John's | question: Where was the final battle between the French and British in North America?, answer: Battle of Signal Hill
In 1763, Spain traded Florida to the Kingdom of Great Britain for control of Havana, Cuba, which had been captured by the British during the Seven Years' War. It was part of a large expansion of British territory following the country's victory in the Seven Years' War. Almost the entire Spanish population left, taking along most of the remaining indigenous population to Cuba. The British soon constructed the King's Road connecting St. Augustine to Georgia. The road crossed the St. Johns River at a narrow point, which the Seminole called Wacca Pilatka and the British named "Cow Ford", both names ostensibly reflecting the fact that cattle were brought across the river there.

question: What did Spain trade Florida for, answer: In 1763, Spain traded Florida to the Kingdom of Great Britain for control of Havana, Cuba | question: Who did the Spanish take from Florida to Cuba, answer: Almost the entire Spanish population left, taking along most of the remaining indigenous population to Cuba | question: What road did the British construct, answer: the King's Road connecting St. Augustine to Georgia | question: What river does the Kings road cross, answer: the St. Johns River
In 1768 Russian-backed Ukrainian Haidamaks, pursuing Polish confederates, entered Balta, an Ottoman-controlled town on the border of Bessarabia in Ukraine, and massacred its citizens and burned the town to the ground. This action provoked the Ottoman Empire into the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774. The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca of 1774 ended the war and provided freedom to worship for the Christian citizens of the Ottoman-controlled provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia. By the late 18th century, a number of defeats in several wars with Russia led some people in the Ottoman Empire to conclude that the reforms of Peter the Great had given the Russians an edge, and the Ottomans would have to keep up with Western technology in order to avoid further defeats.

question: Which group supported by Russia entered Balta in 1768?, answer: Ukrainian Haidamaks | question: Near what region was Balta bording?, answer: Bessarabia | question: During what years was the Russo-Turkish war?, answer: 1768–1774 | question: The Russo-Turkish War resulted in what treaty?, answer: Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca | question: The culmination of the Russo-Turkish war granted what to the citizens of Ottoman controlled Provinces in Moldavia?, answer: freedom to worship
In 1769 Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams. In response to regular threats from Hyder Ali (Dalwai of Mysore), Baji Rao I (Peshwa of the Maratha Empire), and Basalath Jung (Asif Jah II's elder brother, who was supported by the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau), the Nizam signed a subsidiary alliance with the East India Company in 1798, allowing the British Indian Army to occupy Bolarum (modern Secunderabad) to protect the state's borders, for which the Nizams paid an annual maintenance to the British.

question: Whom did the Nizam ally with in the late 18th century?, answer: East India Company | question: What was the title of Baji Rao I?, answer: Peshwa of the Maratha Empire | question: What was the title of Hyder Ali?, answer: Dalwai of Mysore | question: Which military occupied Hyderabad city in a protection role?, answer: British Indian Army | question: In what year did Hyderabad become the capital of Nizams?, answer: 1769
In 1775, Patrick Henry delivered his famous "Give me Liberty or Give me Death" speech in St. John's Church in Richmond, crucial for deciding Virginia's participation in the First Continental Congress and setting the course for revolution and independence. On April 18, 1780, the state capital was moved from the colonial capital of Williamsburg to Richmond, to provide a more centralized location for Virginia's increasing westerly population, as well as to isolate the capital from British attack. The latter motive proved to be in vain, and in 1781, under the command of Benedict Arnold, Richmond was burned by British troops, causing Governor Thomas Jefferson to flee as the Virginia militia, led by Sampson Mathews, defended the city.

question: What year did Patrick Henry give his speech?, answer: 1775 | question: What happened on April 18, 1780?, answer: the state capital was moved from the colonial capital of Williamsburg to Richmond | question: What did Patrick Henry's speech encourage to happen?, answer: Virginia's participation in the First Continental Congress and setting the course for revolution and independence | question: What's one reason the capital was moved to Richmond?, answer: to isolate the capital from British attack | question: Who was Governor of Virginia in 1781, answer: Thomas Jefferson | question: What did Patrick Henry's famous speech persuade Virginians to send delegates to?, answer: First Continental Congress | question: What was the capital of Virginia prior to Richmond?, answer: Williamsburg | question: What general led the troops that burned Richmond?, answer: Benedict Arnold | question: Who led the militia that defended Richmond?, answer: Sampson Mathews | question: Who was the governor of Virginia in 1781?, answer: Thomas Jefferson
In 1781, Immanuel Kant published the Critique of Pure Reason, one of the most influential works in the history of the philosophy of space and time. He describes time as an a priori notion that, together with other a priori notions such as space, allows us to comprehend sense experience. Kant denies that either space or time are substance, entities in themselves, or learned by experience; he holds, rather, that both are elements of a systematic framework we use to structure our experience. Spatial measurements are used to quantify how far apart objects are, and temporal measurements are used to quantitatively compare the interval between (or duration of) events. Although space and time are held to be transcendentally ideal in this sense, they are also empirically real—that is, not mere illusions.

question: When did Kant publish one of the most influential works in the history of the philosophy of space and time., answer: 1781 | question: What was Kant's influential work on the history of the philosophy of space and time titled?, answer: Critique of Pure Reason | question: What did Kant describe time as?, answer: a priori notion | question: What did Kant say was similar notion to time?, answer: space | question: What did Kant say time and space allow one to do?, answer: sense experience
In 179 BC Philip died. His talented and ambitious son, Perseus, took the throne and showed a renewed interest in conquering Greece. With her Greek allies facing a major new threat, Rome declared war on Macedonia again, starting the Third Macedonian War. Perseus initially had some success against the Romans. However, Rome responded by sending a stronger army. This second consular army decisively defeated the Macedonians at the Battle of Pydna in 168 BC and the Macedonians duly capitulated, ending the war.

question: In what year did Philip pass away?, answer: 179 BC | question: Who was next in line to the throne at the time of Philip's death?, answer: Perseus | question: In what year were did the Macedonians lose The Battle of Pydna?, answer: 168 BC | question: How did Rome respond to their successive losses against the Macedonians?, answer: by sending a stronger army | question: Who had initially begun the Third Macedonian War?, answer: Rome
In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or "other." Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among "Other;" in later censuses, they were included as "Free people of color" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black.

question: When was the first federal population census taken in the US?, answer: 1790 | question: What were the two categories for race in the census?, answer: white or "other." | question: Who all was identified by name in the house holds?, answer: Only the heads of households | question: What were Indians categorized as after they were included as others?, answer: "Free people of color" | question: When was the first US federal population census taken?, answer: In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States | question: How were enumerators instructed to classify residents?, answer: . Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or "other." | question: Was every resident listed by name?, answer: Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. | question: when did any changes to counting procedures happen?, answer: until the Civil War and end of slavery. | question: Were all residents counted together or separately?, answer: Slaves were counted separately from free persons | question: When did the US begin to take census?, answer: 1790 | question: At what point were all members of the household named on a census?, answer: 1850 | question: What does mulatto mean?, answer: visible European ancestry in addition to African | question: Who were considered "free people of color"?, answer: Native Americans | question: Where would a Native American live to not be counted in the census?, answer: Indian reservations
In 1795, North Carolina opened the first public university in the United States—the University of North Carolina (now named the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). More than 200 years later, the University of North Carolina system encompasses 17 public universities including North Carolina State University, North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina Central University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, East Carolina University, Western Carolina University, Winston-Salem State University, the University of North Carolina at Asheville, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, the University of North Carolina at Pembroke, UNC Wilmington, Elizabeth City State University, Appalachian State University, Fayetteville State University, and UNC School of the Arts, and . Along with its public universities, North Carolina has 58 public community colleges in its community college system.The largest university in North Carolina is currently North Carolina State University, with more than 34,000 students. North Carolina is home to many excellent universities as well as dozens of community colleges and private universities.

question: What state opened the first public university in the United States?, answer: North Carolina | question: What year was the first public university opened in the United States?, answer: 1795 | question: What was the name of the first public university to open in the US?, answer: University of North Carolina | question: What is the largest University in North Carolina?, answer: North Carolina State University | question: How many students does North Carolina State University enroll?, answer: 34,000
In 1795, the First Russian Orthodox Church was established in Kodiak. Intermarriage with Alaskan Natives helped the Russian immigrants integrate into society. As a result, an increasing number of Russian Orthodox churches gradually became established within Alaska. Alaska also has the largest Quaker population (by percentage) of any state. In 2009 there were 6,000 Jews in Alaska (for whom observance of halakha may pose special problems). Alaskan Hindus often share venues and celebrations with members of other Asian religious communities, including Sikhs and Jains.

question: Which church was established in Kodiak in 1795?, answer: First Russian Orthodox Church | question: What was one way in which Russian immigrants integrated into Alaskan society?, answer: Intermarriage with Alaskan Natives | question: Alaska has the largest population of what religious lifestyle of any state?, answer: Quaker population | question: What religious tradition may be a problem for Alaskan Jews?, answer: observance of halakha
In 1795, the Prussian linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835) called for an anthropology that would synthesize Kant's and Herder's interests. During the Romantic era, scholars in Germany, especially those concerned with nationalist movements—such as the nationalist struggle to create a "Germany" out of diverse principalities, and the nationalist struggles by ethnic minorities against the Austro-Hungarian Empire—developed a more inclusive notion of culture as "worldview" (Weltanschauung). According to this school of thought, each ethnic group has a distinct worldview that is incommensurable with the worldviews of other groups. Although more inclusive than earlier views, this approach to culture still allowed for distinctions between "civilized" and "primitive" or "tribal" cultures.

question: Which Prussian linguist called for an anthropology?, answer: Wilhelm von Humboldt | question: During which ere did scholars of Germany developed a more inclusive culture?, answer: Romantic era | question: What was the German name given for the creation of this culture during the Romantic era?, answer: Weltanschauung
In 1797, Patrick Colquhoun was able to persuade the West Indies merchants who operated at the Pool of London on the River Thames, to establish a police force at the docks to prevent rampant theft that was causing annual estimated losses of £500,000 worth of cargo. The idea of a police, as it then existed in France, was considered as a potentially undesirable foreign import. In building the case for the police in the face of England's firm anti-police sentiment, Colquhoun framed the political rationale on economic indicators to show that a police dedicated to crime prevention was "perfectly congenial to the principle of the British constitution." Moreover, he went so far as to praise the French system, which had reached "the greatest degree of perfection" in his estimation.

question: Who convinced the West Indies merchants in London to establish police?, answer: Patrick Colquhoun | question: Where did the West Indies merchants in London create a police force?, answer: docks | question: When did the West Indies merchants in London create a police force?, answer: 1797 | question: How much cargo had been being stolen from West Indies merchants in London each year?, answer: £500,000 | question: How did Colquhoun praise the French police?, answer: "the greatest degree of perfection"
In 1798, the revolutionary French government conquered Switzerland and imposed a new unified constitution. This centralised the government of the country, effectively abolishing the cantons: moreover, Mülhausen joined France and Valtellina valley, the Cisalpine Republic, separating from Switzerland. The new regime, known as the Helvetic Republic, was highly unpopular. It had been imposed by a foreign invading army and destroyed centuries of tradition, making Switzerland nothing more than a French satellite state. The fierce French suppression of the Nidwalden Revolt in September 1798 was an example of the oppressive presence of the French Army and the local population's resistance to the occupation.

question: Who conquered Switzerland in 1798?, answer: the revolutionary French government | question: What did the French government impose on Switzerland in 1798, centralizing the Swiss government?, answer: a new unified constitution | question: What was abolished with the introduction of the unified constitution in Switzerland?, answer: the cantons | question: What was the name of the new regime created when the Cisalpine Republic separated from Switzerland?, answer: Helvetic Republic | question: Which unpopular republic destroyed centuries of Swiss traditions?, answer: Helvetic