lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In modern Iran, he is considered a national icon, and is often regarded as one of the greatest Persians to have ever lived. A monument was erected outside the Bukhara museum[year needed]. The Avicenna Mausoleum and Museum in Hamadan was built in 1952. Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamadan (Iran), Avicenna Research Institute in Tehran (Iran), the ibn Sīnā Tajik State Medical University in Dushanbe, Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences at Aligarh, India, Avicenna School in Karachi and Avicenna Medical College in Lahore, Pakistan Ibne Sina Balkh Medical School in his native province of Balkh in Afghanistan, Ibni Sina Faculty Of Medicine of Ankara University Ankara, Turkey and Ibn Sina Integrated School in Marawi City (Philippines) are all named in his honour. His portrait hangs in the Hall of the Avicenna Faculty of Medicine in the University of Paris. There is also a crater on the Moon named Avicenna and a plant genus Avicennia.

question: In what modern country is Avicenna considered an icon?, answer: Iran | question: Where is a monument located that honors Avicenna?, answer: the Bukhara museum | question: In what European school does Avicenna's portrait hang in their hall of medicine?, answer: the University of Paris | question: Where is the Avicenna Mausoleum and Museum located?, answer: Hamadan | question: What plant genus is named after Avicenna?, answer: Avicennia
In modern color theory, also known as the RGB color model, red, green and blue are additive primary colors. Red, green and blue light combined together makes white light, and these three colors, combined in different mixtures, can produce nearly any other color. This is the principle that is used to make all of the colors on your computer screen and your television. For example, purple on a computer screen is made by a similar formula to used by Cennino Cennini in the Renaissance to make violet, but using additive colors and light instead of pigment: it is created by combining red and blue light at equal intensity on a black screen. Violet is made on a computer screen in a similar way, but with a greater amount of blue light and less red light.

question: Which colors are part of the RGB model?, answer: red, green and blue | question: What color light is created when one mixes red, green, and blue?, answer: white | question: The RGB color model has three colors in it that are described as what kind of colors?, answer: additive primary colors | question: Which era did Cennino Cennini actively paint in?, answer: the Renaissance | question: What colors are used to create purple on a computer screen?, answer: red and blue
In modern languages the term alp, alm, albe or alpe refers to a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks. An alp refers to a high mountain pasture where cows are taken to be grazed during the summer months and where hay barns can be found, and the term "the Alps", referring to the mountains, is a misnomer. The term for the mountain peaks varies by nation and language: words such as horn, kogel, gipfel, spitz, and berg are used in German speaking regions: mont, pic, dent and aiguille in French speaking regions; and monte, picco or cima in Italian speaking regions.

question: The term alp, alm, albe or alpe refers to what in modern languages?, answer: a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks | question: What refers to a high mountain pasture where cows are taken to be grazed during the summer months?, answer: An alp | question: Words such as horn, kogel, gipfel, spitz, and berd are used in what regions?, answer: German speaking regions | question: Mont, pic, dent and aiguille are words used in what regions?, answer: French speaking regions
In modern times Cypriot art history begins with the painter Vassilis Vryonides (1883–1958) who studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Venice. Arguably the two founding fathers of modern Cypriot art were Adamantios Diamantis (1900–1994) who studied at London's Royal College of Art and Christopheros Savva (1924–1968) who also studied in London, at Saint Martin's School of Art. In many ways these two artists set the template for subsequent Cypriot art and both their artistic styles and the patterns of their education remain influential to this day. In particular the majority of Cypriot artists still train in England while others train at art schools in Greece and local art institutions such as the Cyprus College of Art, University of Nicosia and the Frederick Institute of Technology.

question: Who was the first important Cyprus painter of modern times?, answer: Vassilis Vryonides | question: Where did Vassilis Vryonides study?, answer: Academy of Fine Arts in Venice | question: Name one of the individuals considered the founding fathers of modern Cypriot art., answer: Adamantios Diamantis | question: Name the other individual considered the founding fathers of modern Cypriot art., answer: Christopheros Savva | question: Where do many Cypriot artists train?, answer: England
In modern times, a process of devolution in the United Kingdom has decentralised power once again. Since the 1997 referendums in Scotland and Wales and the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland, three of the four constituent countries of the UK now have some level of autonomy. Government has been devolved to the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales and the Northern Ireland Assembly. England does not have its own parliament and English affairs continue to be decided by the Westminster Parliament. In 1998 a set of eight unelected Regional assemblies, or chambers, was created to support the English Regional Development Agencies, but these were abolished between 2008 and 2010. The Regions of England continue to be used in certain governmental administrative functions.

question: What has the process of devolution in the UK did?, answer: decentralised power once again | question: What happened since 1997?, answer: referendums in Scotland and Wales and the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland | question: Does England have its own Parliament?, answer: England does not have its own parliament and English affairs continue to be decided by the Westminster Parliament | question: What does the region of England continue to use?, answer: certain governmental administrative functions
In modern times, the Javanese are the largest ethnic group in Southeast Asia, with more than 100 million people, mostly concentrated in Java, Indonesia. In Burma, the Burmese account for more than two-thirds of the ethnic stock in this country, while ethnic Thais and Vietnamese account for about four-fifths of the respective populations of those countries. Indonesia is clearly dominated by the Javanese and Sundanese ethnic groups, while Malaysia is split between half Malays and one-quarter Chinese. Within the Philippines, the Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, and Hiligaynon groups are significant.

question: name the largest ethnic group in Southeast Asia., answer: the Javanese | question: Which ethnic groups dominate in Indonesia?, answer: Javanese and Sundanese | question: The Tagalog, Cebuano,Ilocano & Hiligaynon groups are significant within which country in Southeast Asia?, answer: Philippines | question: The ethnic groups Malays & Chinese are predominant in which country?, answer: Malaysia
In modern-day Germany, the Holy Roman Empire continued to rule, but the elective nature of the imperial crown meant there was no enduring dynasty around which a strong state could form. Further east, the kingdoms of Poland, Hungary, and Bohemia grew powerful. In Iberia, the Christian kingdoms continued to gain land from the Muslim kingdoms of the peninsula; Portugal concentrated on expanding overseas during the 15th century, while the other kingdoms were riven by difficulties over royal succession and other concerns. After losing the Hundred Years' War, England went on to suffer a long civil war known as the Wars of the Roses, which lasted into the 1490s and only ended when Henry Tudor (r. 1485–1509 as Henry VII) became king and consolidated power with his victory over Richard III (r. 1483–85) at Bosworth in 1485. In Scandinavia, Margaret I of Denmark (r. in Denmark 1387–1412) consolidated Norway, Denmark, and Sweden in the Union of Kalmar, which continued until 1523. The major power around the Baltic Sea was the Hanseatic League, a commercial confederation of city states that traded from Western Europe to Russia. Scotland emerged from English domination under Robert the Bruce (r. 1306–29), who secured papal recognition of his kingship in 1328.

question: Along with Poland and Hungary, what Eastern European state grew in power?, answer: Bohemia | question: During what century did Portugal devote itself to overseas expansion?, answer: 15th | question: What nation lost the Hundred Years' War?, answer: England | question: What was the regnal name of Henry Tudor?, answer: Henry VII | question: Along with Denmark and Sweden, what country was part of the Union of Kalmar?, answer: Norway
In modular arithmetic, two integers are added and then the sum is divided by a positive integer called the modulus. The result of modular addition is the remainder of that division. For any modulus, n, the set of integers from 0 to n − 1 forms a group under modular addition: the inverse of any element a is n − a, and 0 is the identity element. This is familiar from the addition of hours on the face of a clock: if the hour hand is on 9 and is advanced 4 hours, it ends up on 1, as shown at the right. This is expressed by saying that 9 + 4 equals 1 "modulo 12" or, in symbols,

question: What positive integer is used to divide the sum of two positive integers in modular mathematics?, answer: the modulus | question: What results from modular addition?, answer: the remainder of that division | question: What type of device can be use to demonstrate modular addition?, answer: a clock
In monotheism and henotheism, God is conceived of as the Supreme Being and principal object of faith. The concept of God as described by theologians commonly includes the attributes of omniscience (infinite knowledge), omnipotence (unlimited power), omnipresence (present everywhere), omnibenevolence (perfect goodness), divine simplicity, and eternal and necessary existence. God is also usually defined as a non-corporeal being without any human biological gender, but the concept of God actively (as opposed to receptively) creating the universe has caused some religions to give "Him" the metaphorical name of "Father". Because God is conceived as not being a corporeal being, God cannot(some say should not) be portrayed in a literal visual image; some religious groups use a man (sometimes old and bearded) to symbolize God because of His deed of creating man's mind in the image of His own.

question: What does it mean to say that God is omnipotent?, answer: unlimited power | question: What is the feeling of God being everywhere?, answer: omnipresence | question: What is the extent of God's knowledge?, answer: infinite knowledge | question: What is infinite knowledge classified as?, answer: omniscience | question: What is the benevolence of God called?, answer: omnibenevolence | question: Does God have a gender?, answer: without any human biological gender | question: What type of human is God portrayed as in some religions?, answer: a man (sometimes old and bearded) | question: What is a God in monotheism?, answer: Supreme Being and principal object of faith
In more recent applications, hydrogen is used pure or mixed with nitrogen (sometimes called forming gas) as a tracer gas for minute leak detection. Applications can be found in the automotive, chemical, power generation, aerospace, and telecommunications industries. Hydrogen is an authorized food additive (E 949) that allows food package leak testing among other anti-oxidizing properties.

question: Why would one use hydrogen mixed with nitrogen?, answer: as a tracer gas for minute leak detection | question: What industries can you find these applications?, answer: automotive, chemical, power generation, aerospace, and telecommunications | question: How is hydrogen used as a food additive?, answer: allows food package leak testing
In more recent years, however, many country pubs have either closed down, or have been converted to establishments intent on providing seating facilities for the consumption of food, rather than a venue for members of the local community meeting and convivially drinking.

question: What is a frequent modern function of country pubs?, answer: providing seating facilities for the consumption of food | question: Along with community meetings, what was the traditional purpose of country pubs?, answer: drinking
In more sophisticated computers there may be one or more RAM cache memories, which are slower than registers but faster than main memory. Generally computers with this sort of cache are designed to move frequently needed data into the cache automatically, often without the need for any intervention on the programmer's part.

question: RAM cache memory is slower than what?, answer: registers
In most US and Canadian jurisdictions, passenger elevators are required to conform to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers' Standard A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators. As of 2006, all states except Kansas, Mississippi, North Dakota, and South Dakota have adopted some version of ASME codes, though not necessarily the most recent. In Canada the document is the CAN/CSA B44 Safety Standard, which was harmonized with the US version in the 2000 edition.[citation needed] In addition, passenger elevators may be required to conform to the requirements of A17.3 for existing elevators where referenced by the local jurisdiction. Passenger elevators are tested using the ASME A17.2 Standard. The frequency of these tests is mandated by the local jurisdiction, which may be a town, city, state or provincial standard.

question: In what neighboring countries are passenger elevators required to adhere to Standard A17.1?, answer: most US and Canadian jurisdictions | question: What is the equivilent to the US Standard A17.1 called in Canada?, answer: CAN/CSA B44 Safety Standard | question: What is Standard A17.1?, answer: Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators | question: What are passenger elevators tested with?, answer: ASME A17.2 Standard
In most bacteria, a cell wall is present on the outside of the cell membrane. The cell membrane and cell wall comprise the cell envelope. A common bacterial cell wall material is peptidoglycan (called "murein" in older sources), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by peptides containing D-amino acids. Bacterial cell walls are different from the cell walls of plants and fungi, which are made of cellulose and chitin, respectively. The cell wall of bacteria is also distinct from that of Archaea, which do not contain peptidoglycan. The cell wall is essential to the survival of many bacteria, and the antibiotic penicillin is able to kill bacteria by inhibiting a step in the synthesis of peptidoglycan.

question: What composes the cell envelope?, answer: cell membrane and cell wall | question: What is most common cell wall material?, answer: peptidoglycan | question: Are cell walls of bacteria similar to cell walls of plants and fungi?, answer: Bacterial cell walls are different | question: How can antibiotic penicillin destroy bacteria?, answer: by inhibiting a step in the synthesis of peptidoglycan | question: What are the main materials of cell walls of plants and fungi?, answer: cellulose and chitin
In most cases, the non-penalized team will have the option of declining the penalty; in which case the results of the previous play stand as if the penalty had not been called. One notable exception to this rule is if the kicking team on a 3rd down punt play is penalized before the kick occurs: the receiving team may not decline the penalty and take over on downs. After the kick is made, change of possession occurs and subsequent penalties are assessed against either the spot where the ball is caught, or the runback.

question: Who can decline a penalty?, answer: the non-penalized team | question: A team receiving a punt cannot decline a penalty on which down?, answer: 3rd down | question: The outcome of which play determines the placement of the ball when a penalty is declined?, answer: the previous play | question: What can a team do when they prefer the original outcome of a play to the situation they would have with a penalty assessed on the other team for that play?, answer: decline the penalty
In most computers, individual instructions are stored as machine code with each instruction being given a unique number (its operation code or opcode for short). The command to add two numbers together would have one opcode; the command to multiply them would have a different opcode, and so on. The simplest computers are able to perform any of a handful of different instructions; the more complex computers have several hundred to choose from, each with a unique numerical code. Since the computer's memory is able to store numbers, it can also store the instruction codes. This leads to the important fact that entire programs (which are just lists of these instructions) can be represented as lists of numbers and can themselves be manipulated inside the computer in the same way as numeric data. The fundamental concept of storing programs in the computer's memory alongside the data they operate on is the crux of the von Neumann, or stored program[citation needed], architecture. In some cases, a computer might store some or all of its program in memory that is kept separate from the data it operates on. This is called the Harvard architecture after the Harvard Mark I computer. Modern von Neumann computers display some traits of the Harvard architecture in their designs, such as in CPU caches.

question: Which computer is the Harvard architecture modeled after?, answer: Harvard Mark I computer | question: A computer that stores its program in memory and kept separate from the data is called what?, answer: the Harvard architecture
In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education comprises the formal education that occurs during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, "postsecondary", or "higher" education (e.g. university, vocational school) for adults. Depending on the system, schools for this period, or a part of it, may be called secondary or high schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, middle schools, colleges, or vocational schools. The exact meaning of any of these terms varies from one system to another. The exact boundary between primary and secondary education also varies from country to country and even within them, but is generally around the seventh to the tenth year of schooling. Secondary education occurs mainly during the teenage years. In the United States, Canada and Australia, primary and secondary education together are sometimes referred to as K-12 education, and in New Zealand Year 1–13 is used. The purpose of secondary education can be to give common knowledge, to prepare for higher education, or to train directly in a profession.

question: What does secondary education comprise of?, answer: formal education that occurs during adolescence | question: What two examples were given of what "postsecondary" or "higher" education?, answer: university, vocational school | question: When does secondary schooling typically take place?, answer: teenage years | question: What is the purpose of secondary education?, answer: to prepare for higher education, or to train directly in a profession.
In most nations with constitutions modelled after the Soviet Union, the legislature was given the power of being the court of last resort. In the People's Republic of China, the final power to interpret the law is vested in the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC). This power includes the power to interpret the basic laws of Hong Kong and Macau, the constitutional documents of the two special administrative regions which are common law and Portuguese-based legal system jurisdictions respectively. This power is a legislative power and not a judicial one in that an interpretation by the NPCSC does not affect cases which have already been decided.

question: What nation's model gives the power of the high court to the legistlature?, answer: Soviet Union | question: What is the name of China's high court which sits as a legislative committee?, answer: Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC) | question: Current decisions by the NPCSC do not affect what?, answer: cases which have already been decided | question: Hong Kong's legal system was traditionally based on what?, answer: common law | question: Macau's legal system comes from what tradition?, answer: Portuguese-based legal system
In most parts of medieval Europe, the upper class obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy. The importance of this proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, in which one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer". In contrast, settlers in Anglophone colonies gloried democratically in hunting for all.

question: Who in medieval Europe obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory?, answer: the upper class | question: What was game in the areas used by the upper class used as a source of?, answer: food and furs | question: What legends show the importance of the proprietary view of game as held by the nobles?, answer: Robin Hood | question: What is one of the primary charges against the outlaws in the legend?, answer: they "hunt the King's deer | question: Who in medieval Europe obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory?, answer: the upper class | question: What did Anglophone settles take gloried pride in?, answer: democratically in hunting for all | question: What was game in the areas used by the upper class used as a source of?, answer: food and furs | question: What legends show the importance of the proprietary view of game as held by the nobles?, answer: Robin Hood | question: What is one of the primary charges against the outlaws in the legend?, answer: they "hunt the King's deer | question: What did Anglophone settles take gloried pride in?, answer: democratically in hunting for all | question: In medieval Europe who obtained sole rights to hunt in certain areas?, answer: upper class | question: What was the game in feudal territory was used as?, answer: food and furs | question: Who provided the game obtained in feudal territory?, answer: professional huntsmen | question: The importance of can be seen in what legends?, answer: Robin Hood | question: Who did Anglophone colonies democratically glorify hunting for?, answer: all