lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
According to Sun Jiadong, the chief designer of the navigation system, "Many organizations have been using our system for a while, and they like it very much."

question: Who is the chief designer of the BeiDou navigation system?, answer: Sun Jiadong | question: What did Sun Jiadong have to say about the BeiDou navigation system?, answer: "Many organizations have been using our system for a while, and they like it very much." | question: Who is Sun Jiadong?, answer: the chief designer of the navigation system
According to Tabatabaei, there are acceptable and unacceptable esoteric interpretations. Acceptable ta'wil refers to the meaning of a verse beyond its literal meaning; rather the implicit meaning, which ultimately is known only to God and can't be comprehended directly through human thought alone. The verses in question here refer to the human qualities of coming, going, sitting, satisfaction, anger and sorrow, which are apparently attributed to God. Unacceptable ta'wil is where one "transfers" the apparent meaning of a verse to a different meaning by means of a proof; this method is not without obvious inconsistencies. Although this unacceptable ta'wil has gained considerable acceptance, it is incorrect and cannot be applied to the Quranic verses. The correct interpretation is that reality a verse refers to. It is found in all verses, the decisive and the ambiguous alike; it is not a sort of a meaning of the word; it is a fact that is too sublime for words. God has dressed them with words to bring them a bit nearer to our minds; in this respect they are like proverbs that are used to create a picture in the mind, and thus help the hearer to clearly grasp the intended idea.

question: What are the two type of ta'wil?, answer: acceptable and unacceptable | question: Which type of esoteric interpretation involves a transfer by proof of a verse's meaning?, answer: Unacceptable | question: The implicit meaning of a Quranic verse that is known fully only by God is which type of ta'wil?, answer: Acceptable
According to Taraborrelli, the defining moment of Madonna's childhood was the tragic and untimely death of her beloved mother. Psychiatrist Keith Ablow suggests her mother's death would have had an immeasurable impact on the young Madonna at a time when her personality was still forming. According to Ablow, the younger a child is at the time of a serious loss, the more profound the influence and the longer lasting the impact. He concludes that "some people never reconcile themselves to such a loss at an early age, Madonna is not different than them." Conversely, author Lucy O'Brien feels the impact of the rape she suffered is, in fact, the motivating factor behind everything Madonna has done, more important even than the death of her mother: "It's not so much grief at her mother's death that drives her, as the sense of abandonment that left her unprotected. She encountered her own worst possible scenario, becoming a victim of male violence, and thereafter turned that full-tilt into her work, reversing the equation at every opportunity."

question: According to who was the defining moment of Madonna's childhood with her mother's death?, answer: Taraborrelli, | question: Which psychiatrist said that when a parent dies when the child is young, it leaves a lasting impact?, answer: Keith Ablow | question: Who believes that the rape Madonna experienced is the driving force in life?, answer: Lucy O'Brien
According to Thomas DeGregori, an economics professor at the University of Houston, in an article published by the Cato Institute, a libertarian think-tank operating in Washington D.C., "it is clear that technological and economic change are vital ingredients in getting children out of the workplace and into schools. Then they can grow to become productive adults and live longer, healthier lives. However, in poor countries like Bangladesh, working children are essential for survival in many families, as they were in our own heritage until the late 19th century. So, while the struggle to end child labour is necessary, getting there often requires taking different routes—and, sadly, there are many political obstacles.

question: Where is Thomas DeGregori from?, answer: University of Houston | question: What country does he argue needs child labor to survive?, answer: Bangladesh | question: What are the obstacles he claims are to ending child labor?, answer: political obstacles
According to Titus 3:10 a divisive person should be warned two times before separating from him. The Greek for the phrase "divisive person" became a technical term in the early Church for a type of "heretic" who promoted dissension. In contrast correct teaching is called sound not only because it builds up in the faith, but because it protects against the corrupting influence of false teachers.

question: How many times is it suggested that you should warn people you are in disagreement with before parting ways?, answer: two times | question: What term is used to describe an individual in the early Church that introduced discord?, answer: divisive person | question: What word is used when speaking of correct teachings in contrast to a false teacher?, answer: sound
According to Tony Sclafani from MSNBC, "It's worth noting that before Madonna, most music mega-stars were guy rockers; after her, almost all would be female singers ... When The Beatles hit America, they changed the paradigm of performer from solo act to band. Madonna changed it back—with an emphasis on the female." Howard Kramer, curatorial director of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, asserted that "Madonna and the career she carved out for herself made possible virtually every other female pop singer to follow ... She certainly raised the standards of all of them ... She redefined what the parameters were for female performers." According to Fouz-Hernández, subsequent female singers such as Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Kylie Minogue, the Spice Girls, Destiny's Child, Jennifer Lopez, and Pink were like her "daughters in the very direct sense that they grew up listening to and admiring Madonna, and decided they wanted to be like her." Time magazine included her in the list of the "25 Most Powerful Women of the Past Century", where she became one of only two singers to be included, alongside Aretha Franklin. She also topped VH1's lists of "100 Greatest Women in Music" and "50 Greatest Women of the Video Era".

question: Who changed the dynamics of the singers back to mostly female?, answer: Madonna | question: Who is the director of the curator of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum?, answer: Howard Kramer | question: A lot of modern pop artist grew up listening to whom?, answer: Madonna, | question: Who included Madonna as the most powerful woman of the century?, answer: Time magazine | question: Who is the other woman who earned the title?, answer: Aretha Franklin
According to UNFPA these elements promote the right of "reproductive health", that is physical, mental, and social health in matters related to reproduction and the reproductive system.

question: UNFPA lists elements that promote what human right?, answer: reproductive health | question: These elements concern health related to reproduction and what else?, answer: the reproductive system | question: What is the third element?, answer: social health
According to Walter Gratzer, the study of nutrition probably began during the 6th century BC. In China, the concept of Qi developed, a spirit or "wind" similar to what Western Europeans later called pneuma. Food was classified into "hot" (for example, meats, blood, ginger, and hot spices) and "cold" (green vegetables) in China, India, Malaya, and Persia. Humours developed perhaps first in China alongside qi. Ho the Physician concluded that diseases are caused by deficiencies of elements (Wu Xing: fire, water, earth, wood, and metal), and he classified diseases as well as prescribed diets. About the same time in Italy, Alcmaeon of Croton (a Greek) wrote of the importance of equilibrium between what goes in and what goes out, and warned that imbalance would result disease marked by obesity or emaciation.

question: In which time period did the study of nutrition begin?, answer: 6th century BC | question: What is the European equivalent of "Qi"?, answer: pneuma | question: What kind of food classification does ginger belong to?, answer: hot | question: What nationality was Alcmaeon of Croton?, answer: Greek | question: Other than obesity, what else would trademark an imbalance in nutrition?, answer: emaciation
According to Y chromosome studies by Sanchez et al. (2005), Cruciani et al. (2004, 2007), the Somalis are paternally closely related to other Afro-Asiatic-speaking groups in Northeast Africa. Besides comprising the majority of the Y-DNA in Somalis, the E1b1b1a (formerly E3b1a) haplogroup also makes up a significant proportion of the paternal DNA of Ethiopians, Sudanese, Egyptians, Berbers, North African Arabs, as well as many Mediterranean populations. Sanchez et al. (2005) observed the M78 subclade of E1b1b in about 77% of their Somali male samples. According to Cruciani et al. (2007), the presence of this subhaplogroup in the Horn region may represent the traces of an ancient migration from Egypt/Libya. After haplogroup E1b1b, the second most frequently occurring Y-DNA haplogroup among Somalis is the West Asian haplogroup T (M70). It is observed in slightly more than 10% of Somali males. Haplogroup T, like haplogroup E1b1b, is also typically found among populations of Northeast Africa, North Africa, the Near East and the Mediterranean.

question: In what year did Sanchez publish his study on Somali ethnicity?, answer: 2005 | question: What language group speakers are ethnic Somalis closely related to?, answer: Afro-Asiatic | question: What haplogroup is present in a significant number of Somalis?, answer: E1b1b1a | question: Based on the presence of the M78 subclade, where do some researchers think Somalis originated?, answer: Egypt/Libya | question: What percentage of Somali males had DNA containing the M78 subclade of E1b1b?, answer: 77%
According to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46.5 percent of the total population is Christian, slightly bigger than the Muslim population of 45.5 percent, and that 7.7 percent are members of other religious groups.

question: In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population was Muslim?, answer: about 50% | question: In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population was Christian?, answer: 40% | question: In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population followed local religions?, answer: 10% | question: According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population was Muslim?, answer: 48.8 percent | question: According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population was Christian?, answer: 49.3 percent
According to a 2007 BSA and International Data Corporation (IDC) study, the five countries with the highest rates of software piracy were: 1. Armenia (93%); 2. Bangladesh (92%); 3. Azerbaijan (92%); 4. Moldova (92%); and 5. Zimbabwe (91%). According to the study's results, the five countries with the lowest piracy rates were: 1. U.S. (20%); 2. Luxembourg (21%); 3. New Zealand (22%); 4. Japan (23%); and 5. Austria (25%). The 2007 report showed that the Asia-Pacific region was associated with the highest amount of loss, in terms of U.S. dollars, with $14,090,000, followed by the European Union, with a loss of $12,383,000; the lowest amount of U.S. dollars was lost in the Middle East/Africa region, where $2,446,000 was documented.

question: Who did a study in 2007 regarding the five countries with the highest rates of software piracy?, answer: BSA and International Data Corporation | question: Which country had the lowest rate of software piracy?, answer: U.S. | question: Which region had the highest loss?, answer: Asia-Pacific | question: How much did the EU lose?, answer: $12,383,000 | question: Where was the lowest amount of U.S. dollars lost?, answer: Middle East/Africa region
According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.

question: According to one report, how many Christians were in the world in 2010?, answer: 2.2 billion | question: How many Christians were in the world in 1910?, answer: 600 million | question: If growth continues as it has, what religion will be the largest in the world by 2050?, answer: Christianity
According to a 2011 projection by the International Energy Agency, solar power plants may produce most of the world's electricity within 50 years, significantly reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases that harm the environment. The IEA has said: "Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meet most of the world's demand for electricity by 2060 – and half of all energy needs – with wind, hydropower and biomass plants supplying much of the remaining generation". "Photovoltaic and concentrated solar power together can become the major source of electricity".

question: Which group projected that solar plant may produce most of the world's electricity within 50 years?, answer: International Energy Agency | question: Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meet most of the world's demand for electricity by what year?, answer: 2060 | question: Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meet how much of the world's energy needs by 2060?, answer: half
According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, 57% of the population of the city identified themselves as Christians, with 25% professing attendance at a variety of churches that could be considered Protestant, and 29% professing Roman Catholic beliefs. while 33% claim no religious affiliation. The same study says that other religions (including Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism) collectively make up about 10% of the population.

question: In 2014, what percentage of the city identified as Christian?, answer: 57% | question: In 2014, what percentage of the city identified as Protestant?, answer: 25% | question: In 2014, what percent of the City of Boston was Catholic?, answer: 29% | question: In 2014, what percentage of Bostons residents did not claim to belong to any religion?, answer: 33% | question: In 2014, other religions mad eup what percentage of the citys population?, answer: 10%
According to a Forbes article written in 2013 Employment in the "Old North State" has gained many different industry sectors. See the following article summary: science, technology, energy and math, or STEM, industries in the area surrounding North Carolina's capital have grown 17.9 percent since 2001, placing Raleigh-Cary at No. 5 among the 51 largest metro areas in the country where technology is booming. In 2010 North Carolina's total gross state product was $424.9 billion, while the state debt in November 2012, according to one source, totalled US$2.4bn, while according to another, was in 2012 US$57.8bn. In 2011 the civilian labor force was at around 4.5 million with employment near 4.1 million. The working population is employed across the major employment sectors. The economy of North Carolina covers 15 metropolitan areas. In 2010, North Carolina was chosen as the third-best state for business by Forbes Magazine, and the second-best state by Chief Executive Officer Magazine.

question: What is the Nickname given to North Carolina?, answer: Old North State | question: Science, Technology, energy, and math industries have risen what percent since 2001?, answer: 17.9 | question: What is raleigh-Cary ranked among the 51 largest metro areas in the country?, answer: 5 | question: What was North Carolinas gross state product in 2010?, answer: $424.9 billion | question: What was North Carolinas state debt in 2012?, answer: $2.4bn
According to a report published in 2014, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel (6.1 million), and 40% in the United States (5.7 million), with most of the remainder living in Europe (1.4 million) and Canada (0.4 million). These numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure. In addition to issues with census methodology, disputes among proponents of halakhic, secular, political, and ancestral identification factors regarding who is a Jew may affect the figure considerably depending on the source.

question: What percentage of Jews reside in Israel?, answer: 43% | question: What percentage of Jews reside in the U.S.?, answer: 40% | question: How many Jews live in Europe?, answer: 1.4 million | question: How many Jews live in Canada?, answer: 0.4 million | question: What is one reason the world population of Jews difficult to determine?, answer: issues with census methodology
According to a story that has often been repeated in the media, Hurley and Chen developed the idea for YouTube during the early months of 2005, after they had experienced difficulty sharing videos that had been shot at a dinner party at Chen's apartment in San Francisco. Karim did not attend the party and denied that it had occurred, but Chen commented that the idea that YouTube was founded after a dinner party "was probably very strengthened by marketing ideas around creating a story that was very digestible".

question: What are the first names of the men that invented youtube?, answer: Hurley and Chen | question: Where did Chen live in 2005?, answer: San Francisco | question: What was the original stimuli for creating the website?, answer: difficulty sharing videos | question: When did the creators have the idea for youtube?, answer: the early months of 2005
According to a study by Dr. Paul Brest, Hispanics or "Latinos" include immigrants who are descendants of immigrants from the countries comprising Central and South America. In 1991, Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cuban Americans made up 80% of the Latino population in the United States. Latinos are disadvantaged compared to White Americans and are more likely to live in poverty. They are the least well educated major ethnic group and suffered a 3% drop in high school completion rate while African Americans experienced a 12% increase between 1975-1990. In 1990, they constituted 9% of the population, but only received 3.1% of the bachelors's degrees awarded. At times when it is favorable to lawmakers, Latinos were considered "white" by the Jim Crow laws during the Reconstruction. In other cases, according to Paul Brest, Latinos have been classified as an inferior race and a threat to white purity. Latinos have encountered considerable discrimination in areas such as employment, housing, and education. Brest finds that stereotypes continue to be largely negative and many perceive Latinos as "lazy, unproductive, and on the dole." Furthermore, native-born Latino-Americans and recent immigrants are seen as identical since outsiders tend not to differentiate between Latino groups.

question: Who conducted a study about the origins of "Latinos"?, answer: Dr. Paul Brest | question: How much of the Latino population did Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans and Cuban Americans make up in 1991?, answer: 80% | question: In relation to other major ethnic groups, what is the education level of Latinos?, answer: least well educated | question: What was the percentage increase of the high school completion rate for African Americans between 1975 and 1990?, answer: 12% | question: How many of the total bachelor degrees awarded in 1990 went to Latinos?, answer: 3.1%
According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III.

question: What year did the construction of the church begin?, answer: 1245 | question: Who commissioned the Abbey to be built?, answer: King Henry III | question: What was the area previously named?, answer: Thorn Ey (Thorn Island) | question: In what century was the church established at the location?, answer: 7th century | question: Who was the Bishop in this time frame?, answer: Mellitus, a Bishop of London | question: What is the meaning of Thorn Ey?, answer: Thorn Island | question: When was a church first founded at the site?, answer: 7th century | question: Who was Mellitus?, answer: a Bishop of London | question: When was construction of the present church started?, answer: 1245 | question: Who ordered the construction of the church?, answer: King Henry III
According to an October 1998 report by the United States Bureau of Land Management, approximately 65% of Alaska is owned and managed by the U.S. federal government as public lands, including a multitude of national forests, national parks, and national wildlife refuges. Of these, the Bureau of Land Management manages 87 million acres (35 million hectares), or 23.8% of the state. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. It is the world's largest wildlife refuge, comprising 16 million acres (6.5 million hectares).

question: What percentage of Alaska is maintained by the US federal government?, answer: 65% | question: What types of areas are managed by the federal government as public lands?, answer: national forests, national parks, and national wildlife refuges | question: How many acres is the Bureau of Land Management in charge of?, answer: 87 million | question: How much of the state is controlled by the Bureau of Land Management?, answer: 23.8% | question: What is the world's largest wildlife refuge?, answer: The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. (2014), the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population(s) carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component, which the researchers dub the "Ethio-Somali". This Ethio-Somali component is today most common among Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations in the Horn of Africa. It reaches a frequency peak among ethnic Somalis, representing the majority of their ancestry. The Ethio-Somali component is most closely related to the Maghrebi non-African genetic component, and is believed to have diverged from all other non-African ancestries at least 23,000 years ago. On this basis, the researchers suggest that the original Ethio-Somali carrying population(s) probably arrived in the pre-agricultural period from the Near East, having crossed over into northeastern Africa via the Sinai Peninsula. The population then likely split into two branches, with one group heading westward toward the Maghreb and the other moving south into the Horn.

question: When did Hodgson publish his DNA study?, answer: 2014 | question: According to Hodgson, what ancestral people spread the Afro-Asiatic languages?, answer: Ethio-Somali | question: According to Hodgson, what people is mostly descended from Ethio-Somalis?, answer: Somalis | question: According to Hodgson, how long ago did the Ethio-Somalis diverge from other non-African ancestries?, answer: at least 23,000 years ago | question: According to Hodgson, where did the Ethio-Somalis originate?, answer: the Near East