lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
T. Gilmartin, (Professor of History, Maynooth, 1890), writes in Church History, Vol. 1, Ch XVII: By Constantius's order, the sole ruler of The Roman Empire at the death of his brother Constans, the Council of Arles in 353, was held, which was presided over by Vincent, Bishop of Capua, in the name of Pope Liberius. The fathers terrified of the threats of the Emperor, an avowed Arian, they consented to the condemnation of Athanasius. The Pope refused to accept their decision, and requested the Emperor to hold another Council, in which the charges against Athanasius could be freely investigated. To this Constantius consented, for he felt able to control it, at Milan. Milan was named as the place, here three hundred bishops assembled, most from the West, only a few from the East, in 355. They met in the Church of Milan. Shortly, the Emperor ordered them to a hall in the Imperial Palace, thus ending any free debate. He presented an Arian formula of faith for their acceptance. He threatened any who refused with exile and death. All, with the exception of Dionysius (bishop of Milan), and the two Papal Legates, viz., Eusebius of Vercelli and Lucifer of Cagliari, consented to the Arian Creed and the condemnation of Athanasius. Those who refused were sent into exile. The decrees were forwarded to the Pope for approval, but were rejected, because of the violence to which the bishops were subjected.

question: Why did the Bishops condemn Athanasius?, answer: threats of the Emperor | question: What happened to the Bishops who did not take the oath?, answer: sent into exile | question: Did the Pope agree with this order?, answer: Pope refused to accept | question: Did the Emperor agree to a new trial for Athanasius?, answer: Constantius consented | question: What oath did the Bishops have to take at the trial?, answer: Arian formula of faith
T. Gilmartin, (Professor of History, Maynooth, 1890), writes in Church History, Vol. 1, Ch XVII: On the death of Alexander, five months after the termination of the Council of Nice, Athanasius was unanimously elected to fill the vacant see. He was most unwilling to accept the dignity, for he clearly foresaw the difficulties in which it would involve him. The clergy and people were determined to have him as their bishop, Patriarch of Alexandria, and refused to accept any excuses. He at length consented to accept a responsibility that he sought in vain to escape, and was consecrated in 326, when he was about thirty years of age.

question: In what year was Athanasius consecrated?, answer: 326 | question: How old was Athanasius when he became the Patriarch of Alexandria?, answer: about thirty years of age | question: Did Athanasius want to be the Patriarch of Alexandria?, answer: He was most unwilling to accept | question: Did the people want Athanasius as their bishop?, answer: people were determined to have him | question: How long after the Council of Nice did Saint Athanasius die?, answer: five months | question: Was Saint Athanasius willing or unwilling to fill the vacancy?, answer: unwilling | question: In what year was he consecrated?, answer: in 326 | question: How old was he when he was consecrated?, answer: thirty years of age.
T. Gilmartin, (Professor of History, Maynooth, 1890), writes in Church History, Vol. 1, Ch XVII: The Arians sought the approval of an Ecumenical Council. They sought to hold two councils. Constantius, summoned the bishops of the East to meet at Seleucia in Isauria, and those of the West to Rimini in Italy. A preliminary conference was held by the Arians at Sirmium, to agree a formula of faith. A "Homoeon" creed was adopted, declaring The Son to be "like the Father". The two met in autumn of 359. At Seleucia, one hundred and fifty bishops, of which one hundred and five were semi-Arian. The semi-Arians refused to accept anything less than the "Homoiousion", (see: Homoiousian), formulary of faith. The Imperial Prefect was obliged to disband, without agreeing on any creed. Acacius, the leader of the "Homoean" party went to Constantinople, where the Sirmian formulary of faith was approved by the "Home Synod", (consisted of those bishops who happened to be present at the Court for the time), and a decree of deposition issued against the leaders of the semi-Arians. At Rimini were over four hundred of which eighty were Arian, the rest were orthodox. The orthodox fathers refused to accept any creed but the Nicene, while the others were equally in favour of the Sirmian. Each party sent a deputation to the Emperor to say there was no probability to agreement, and asked for the bishops to return to their dioceses. For the purpose of wearing-down the orthodox bishops; (Sulpitius Severius says), Constantius delayed his answer for several months, and finally prevailed on them to accept the Sirmian creed. It was after this Council that Jerome said: " ...the whole world groaned in astonishment to find itself Arian."

question: Where did bishops of the West meet?, answer: Rimini in Italy | question: What belief was accepted by Constantius?, answer: Arian | question: What was the belief that was approved at this council?, answer: The Son to be "like the Father" | question: What did the orthodox leaders believe?, answer: the Nicene | question: What did the Arians agree upon at Sirmium?, answer: a formula of faith
TB infection begins when the mycobacteria reach the pulmonary alveoli, where they invade and replicate within endosomes of alveolar macrophages. Macrophages identify the bacterium as foreign and attempt to eliminate it by phagocytosis. During this process, the bacterium is enveloped by the macrophage and stored temporarily in a membrane-bound vesicle called a phagosome. The phagosome then combines with a lysosome to create a phagolysosome. In the phagolysosome, the cell attempts to use reactive oxygen species and acid to kill the bacterium. However, M. tuberculosis has a thick, waxy mycolic acid capsule that protects it from these toxic substances. M. tuberculosis is able to reproduce inside the macrophage and will eventually kill the immune cell.

question: What specific part of the lungs marks the start of tuberculosis infection?, answer: pulmonary alveoli | question: What's the process by which macrophages try to get rid of the TB bacterium?, answer: phagocytosis | question: What do you get when you combine a lysosome and a phagosome?, answer: a phagolysosome | question: What does the M. tuberculosis bacterium have that protects it from being affected by toxins?, answer: mycolic acid capsule | question: What vesicle is the temporary holding room for the M. tuberculosis bacterium during phagocytosis?, answer: phagosome
TCM regularly airs a "Star of the Month" throughout the year on Wednesdays starting at 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, in which most, if not all, feature films from a classic film star are shown during that night's schedule. Hosted by Robert Osbourne, the network also marks the occurrence of a film actor's birthday (either antemortem or posthumously) or recent death with day- or evening-long festivals showcasting several of that artist's best, earliest or least-known pictures; by effect, marathons scheduled in honor of an actor's passing (which are scheduled within a month after their death) pre-empt films originally scheduled to air on that date. TCM also features a monthly program block called the "TCM Guest Programmer", in which Osborne is joined by celebrity guests responsible for choosing that evening's films (examples of such programmers during 2012 include Jules Feiffer, Anthony Bourdain, Debra Winger, Ellen Barkin, Spike Lee, Regis Philbin and Jim Lehrer); an offshoot of this block featuring Turner Classic Movies employees aired during February 2011.

question: On what day of the week are Star of the Month films aired?, answer: Wednesdays | question: Who hosts the Star of the Month films?, answer: Robert Osbourne | question: During what month and year did TCM Guest Programmer feature TCM employees as guests?, answer: February 2011 | question: In what year did Spike Lee appear as a TCM Guest Programmer?, answer: 2012
TCM's film content has remained mostly uncut and uncolorized (with films natively filmed or post-produced in the format being those only ones presented in color), depending upon the original content of movies, particularly movies released after the 1968 implementation of the Motion Picture Association of America's ratings system and the concurrent disestablishment of the Motion Picture Production Code. Because of this, TCM is formatted similarly to a premium channel with certain films – particularly those made from the 1960s onward – sometimes featuring nudity, sexual content, violence and/or strong profanity; the network also features rating bumpers prior to the start of a program (most programs on TCM, especially films, are rated for content using the TV Parental Guidelines, in lieu of the MPAA's rating system).

question: In what year did the Motion Picture Association of America introduce its rating system?, answer: 1968 | question: In what year did the Motion Picture Production Code cease?, answer: 1968 | question: What rating system is often used by TCM?, answer: TV Parental Guidelines
TCM's library of films spans several decades of cinema and includes thousands of film titles. Besides its deals to broadcast film releases from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Warner Bros. Entertainment, Turner Classic Movies also maintains movie licensing rights agreements with Universal Studios, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, Walt Disney Studios (primarily film content from Walt Disney Pictures, as well as most of the Selznick International Pictures library), Sony Pictures Entertainment (primarily film content from Columbia Pictures), StudioCanal, and Janus Films.

question: Who owns the Selznick International Pictures library?, answer: Walt Disney Studios | question: Who is the owner of Columbia Pictures content?, answer: Sony Pictures Entertainment | question: How many films are present in the TCM library?, answer: thousands
Tacitus wrote in his Germania: Germania 9.6: Ceterum nec cohibere parietibus deos neque in ullam humani oris speciem adsimulare ex magnitudine caelestium arbitrator – "The Germans, however, do not consider it consistent with the grandeur of celestial beings to confine the gods within walls, or to liken them to the form of any human countenance." Germania 40: mox vehiculum et vestis et, si credere velis, numen ipsum secreto lacu abluitur – "Afterwards the car, the vestments, and, if you like to believe it, the divinity herself, are purified in a secret lake."

question: Who wrote the Germania?, answer: Tacitus | question: What do the Germans feel it inconsistent to confine gods within?, answer: walls | question: Germans do not liken the gods to whose countenance?, answer: human | question: When is the car used in the ritual purified?, answer: Afterwards | question: Where is the divinity herself purified?, answer: a secret lake
Tafsir is one of the earliest academic activities of Muslims. According to the Quran, Muhammad was the first person who described the meanings of verses for early Muslims. Other early exegetes included a few Companions of Muhammad, like ʻAli ibn Abi Talib, ʻAbdullah ibn Abbas, ʻAbdullah ibn Umar and Ubayy ibn Kaʻb. Exegesis in those days was confined to the explanation of literary aspects of the verse, the background of its revelation and, occasionally, interpretation of one verse with the help of the other. If the verse was about a historical event, then sometimes a few traditions (hadith) of Muhammad were narrated to make its meaning clear.

question: What is the name of the activity of explaining what Quranic verses mean?, answer: Tafsir | question: Who was the first practitioner of Tafsir?, answer: Muhammad | question: What is the Arabic term for Quranic exegesis?, answer: Tafsir | question: Who were 'Ali ibn Abi Talib and 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas?, answer: Companions of Muhammad
Taira Kiyomori emerged as the real power in Japan following the Minamoto's destruction, and he would remain in command for the next 20 years. He gave his daughter Tokuko in marriage to the young emperor Takakura, who died at only 19, leaving their infant son Antoku to succeed to the throne. Kiyomori filled no less than 50 government posts with his relatives, rebuilt the Inland Sea, and encouraged trade with Sung China. He also took aggressive actions to safeguard his power when necessary, including the removal and exile of 45 court officials and the razing of two troublesome temples, Todai-ji and Kofuku-ji.

question: What military commander gained power after the fall of the Minamoto clan?, answer: Taira Kiyomori | question: How old was Emperor Takakura when he died?, answer: 19 | question: What was the name of Takakura's successor?, answer: Antoku | question: Kiyomori removed how many court officials to protect his power?, answer: 45 | question: What were the names of the temples that Kiyomori destroyed?, answer: Todai-ji and Kofuku-ji
Tarragona has one of the region's most complete ritual sequences. The events start with the building of a huge barrel and ends with its burning with the effigies of the King and Queen. On Saturday, the main parade takes place with masked groups, zoomorphic figures, music and percussion bands, and groups with fireworks (the devils, the dragon, the ox, the female dragon). Carnival groups stand out for their clothes full of elegance, showing brilliant examples of fabric crafts, at the Saturday and Sunday parades. About 5,000 people are members of the parade groups.

question: What do the events of Tarragona start with?, answer: building of a huge barrel | question: On what day does the main parade take place?, answer: Saturday | question: What are the clothing of the Carnival groups full of?, answer: elegance | question: Who has one of the most complete ritual agendas?, answer: Tarragona | question: About how many people are members of the various parade groups?, answer: 5,000
Task Manager has been redesigned, including a new processes tab with the option to display fewer or more details of running applications and background processes, a heat map using different colors indicating the level of resource usage, network and disk counters, grouping by process type (e.g. applications, background processes and Windows processes), friendly names for processes and a new option which allows users to search the web to find information about obscure processes. Additionally, the Blue Screen of Death has been updated with a simpler and modern design with less technical information displayed.

question: What is the point of using different colors on a heat map?, answer: indicating the level of resource usage | question: What changes were made to the BSoD?, answer: a simpler and modern design with less technical information displayed | question: What are some of the process type groups Windows 8 implemented?, answer: applications, background processes and Windows processes | question: How can users find out more about obscure Windows 8 processes?, answer: search the web
Tax shifting has been widely discussed and endorsed by economists. It involves lowering income taxes while raising levies on environmentally destructive activities, in order to create a more responsive market. For example, a tax on coal that included the increased health care costs associated with breathing polluted air, the costs of acid rain damage, and the costs of climate disruption would encourage investment in renewable technologies. Several Western European countries are already shifting taxes in a process known there as environmental tax reform.

question: What involves lowering income taxes while raising levies?, answer: Tax shifting | question: Several Western European companies are shifting taxes in a process known as what?, answer: environmental tax reform | question: What is the purpose of tax shifting?, answer: to create a more responsive market
Tech media website CNET gave new Super Slim 4 out of 5 stars ("Excellent"), saying "The Super Slim PlayStation 3 shrinks a powerful gaming machine into an even tinier package while maintaining the same features as its predecessors: a great gaming library and a strong array of streaming services [...]", whilst also criticising the "cheap" design and disc-loader, stating: "Sometimes [the cover] doesn't catch and you feel like you're using one of those old credit card imprinter machines. In short, it feels cheap. You don't realize how convenient autoloading disc trays are until they're gone. Whether it was to cut costs or save space, this move is ultimately a step back." The criticism also was due to price, stating the cheapest Super Slim model was still more expensive than the cheapest Slim model, and that the smaller size and bigger hard drive shouldn't be considered an upgrade when the hard drive on a Slim model is easily removed and replaced. They did praise that the hard drive of the Super Slim model is "the easiest yet. Simply sliding off the side panel reveals the drive bay, which can quickly be unscrewed." They also stated that whilst the Super Slim model is not in any way an upgrade, it could be an indicator as to what's to come. "It may not be revolutionary, but the Super Slim PS3 is the same impressive machine in a much smaller package. There doesn't seem to be any reason for existing PS3 owners to upgrade, but for the prospective PS3 buyer, the Super Slim is probably the way to go if you can deal with not having a slot-loading disc drive."

question: What website rated the Super Slim four out of five stars?, answer: CNET | question: What adjective did CNET use to describe the PS3 Super Slim's design?, answer: "cheap" | question: What component of the Super Slim did CNET call "the easiest yet"?, answer: hard drive | question: What hardware component did CNET have the biggest problem with, even comparing it to an old credit card reader?, answer: disc-loader | question: Was the lowest-priced Super Slim more or less expensive than any of the PS3 Slim models?, answer: more expensive
TechRadar deemed the Xbox 360 as the most influential game system through its emphasis of digital media distribution, Xbox Live online gaming service, and game achievement feature. During the console's lifetime, the Xbox brand has grown from gaming-only to encompassing all multimedia, turning it into a hub for "living-room computing environment". Five years after the Xbox 360's original debut, the well-received Kinect motion capture camera was released, which became the fastest selling consumer electronic device in history, and extended the life of the console.

question: Besides online gaming and media distribution, what other feature made the 360 influential, according to TechRadar?, answer: game achievement feature | question: How many years after initial launch of the console was Kinect released?, answer: Five years | question: Besides it's features, what did Kinect do for the 360 in terms of sales?, answer: extended the life of the console | question: What is Kinect?, answer: motion capture camera
Technically, all these coins are still legal tender at face value, though some are far more valuable today for their numismatic value, and for gold and silver coins, their precious metal value. From 1965 to 1970 the Kennedy half dollar was the only circulating coin with any silver content, which was removed in 1971 and replaced with cupronickel. However, since 1992, the U.S. Mint has produced special Silver Proof Sets in addition to the regular yearly proof sets with silver dimes, quarters, and half dollars in place of the standard copper-nickel versions. In addition, an experimental $4.00 (Stella) coin was also minted in 1879, but never placed into circulation, and is properly considered to be a pattern rather than an actual coin denomination.

question: What are gold and silver coins valuable for now adays?, answer: their precious metal value | question: What are non primarily gold and silver coins valuable for?, answer: their numismatic value | question: What was the only coin with any silver content in circulation from 1965 to 1970?, answer: Kennedy half dollar | question: What was the Kennedy half dollar replaced with?, answer: cupronickel | question: How much was the experimental Stella coin valued at?, answer: $4.00
Technicolor (formerly called Thomson Consumer Electronics) claims to control MP3 licensing of the Layer 3 patents in many countries, including the United States, Japan, Canada and EU countries. Technicolor has been actively enforcing these patents.

question: What was Technicolor's previous name?, answer: Thomson Consumer Electronics | question: What patent does Technicolor claim to control?, answer: Layer 3 | question: What are Technicolor constantly in the process of doing?, answer: actively enforcing these patents
Techniques like hand washing, wearing gowns, and wearing face masks can help prevent infections from being passed from one person to another. Frequent hand washing remains the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms. There are other forms of prevention such as avoiding the use of illicit drugs, using a condom, and having a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet and regular exercise. Cooking foods well and avoiding foods that have been left outside for a long time is also important.

question: What can wearing gowns and face masks help prevent?, answer: infections from being passed from one person to another | question: What is the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms?, answer: Frequent hand washing | question: Avoiding drugs and using condoms are other forms of what?, answer: prevention | question: Why is it important to cook foods well?, answer: prevention | question: What should one do with foods that have been left outside for a long time?, answer: avoiding
Technological developments by videoconferencing developers in the 2010s have extended the capabilities of video conferencing systems beyond the boardroom for use with hand-held mobile devices that combine the use of video, audio and on-screen drawing capabilities broadcasting in real-time over secure networks, independent of location. Mobile collaboration systems now allow multiple people in previously unreachable locations, such as workers on an off-shore oil rig, the ability to view and discuss issues with colleagues thousands of miles away. Traditional videoconferencing system manufacturers have begun providing mobile applications as well, such as those that allow for live and still image streaming.

question: In what decade did developers extend the capabilities of videoconferencing to more devices?, answer: the 2010s | question: What allows people in remote locations the ability to video-conference with colleagues far away?, answer: Mobile collaboration systems | question: What is one example of an application that videoconferencing manufacturers have begun to offer?, answer: still image streaming | question: What type of applications have videoconferencing manufacturers begun to offer?, answer: mobile | question: What is an example of a place that videoconferencing can be used today?, answer: hand-held mobile devices