lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In Kazakhstan Russian is not a state language, but according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 4,200,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 10 million active speakers. 63% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 46% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. According to a 2001 estimate from the World Factbook, 95% of the population can speak Russian. Large Russian-speaking communities still exist in northern Kazakhstan, and ethnic Russians comprise 25.6% of Kazakhstan's population. The 2009 census reported that 10,309,500 people, or 84.8% of the population aged 15 and above, could read and write well in Russian, as well as understand the spoken language.

question: What is the legal status of Russian in Kazakhstan?, answer: according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration | question: What percent of people in Kazakhstan speak Russian fluently?, answer: 63% | question: How many people in Kazakhstan speak Russian natively?, answer: 4,200,000 | question: How many people in Kazakhstan speak Russian actively?, answer: 10 million | question: What percent of people in Kazakhstan use Russian as their main language?, answer: 46%
In Kazakhstan on June 19, 1989, young men carrying guns, firebombs, iron bars and stones rioted in Zhanaozen, causing a number of deaths. The youths tried to seize a police station and a water-supply station. They brought public transportation to a halt and shut down various shops and industries. By June 25, the rioting had spread to five other towns near the Caspian Sea. A mob of about 150 people armed with sticks, stones and metal rods attacked the police station in Mangishlak, about 90 miles from Zhanaozen, before they were dispersed by government troops flown in by helicopters. Mobs of young people also rampaged through Yeraliev, Shepke, Fort-Shevchenko and Kulsary, where they poured flammable liquid on trains housing temporary workers and set them on fire.

question: Where was the fatal June 19th riots?, answer: Zhanaozen | question: Who were the rioters?, answer: young men | question: What did the rioters try to take over?, answer: police station and a water-supply station | question: How many towns had riots of their own following the initial riots?, answer: five | question: What was attacked in Mangishlak?, answer: police station
In Knoxville, the Tennessee Volunteers college team has played in the Southeastern Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association since 1932. The football team has won 13 SEC championships and 25 bowls, including four Sugar Bowls, three Cotton Bowls, an Orange Bowl and a Fiesta Bowl. Meanwhile, the men's basketball team has won four SEC championships and reached the NCAA Elite Eight in 2010. In addition, the women's basketball team has won a host of SEC regular-season and tournament titles along with 8 national titles.

question: What is the nickname of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville athletic teams?, answer: Volunteers | question: In which year did the University of Tennessee begin competing in the Southeastern Conference of the NCAA?, answer: 1932 | question: How many college football bowl championships have the Tennessee Volunteers won?, answer: 25 | question: How many national titles has the Tennessee Volunteers women's basketball team claimed?, answer: 8 | question: What is the farthest the Tennessee Volunteers have progressed in the NCAA men's basketball tournament?, answer: Elite Eight
In Latin America and English-speaking countries, most wrestlers (and other on-stage performers) portray character roles, sometimes with personalities wildly different from their own. These personalities are a gimmick intended to heighten interest in a wrestler without regard to athletic ability. Some can be unrealistic and cartoon-like (such as Doink the Clown), while others carry more verisimilitude and can be seen as exaggerated versions of the performer's real life personality (such as Chris Jericho, The Rock, John Cena, Stone Cold Steve Austin, and CM Punk). In lucha libre, many characters wear masks, adopting a secret identity akin to a superhero, a near-sacred tradition.

question: What do most wrestlers do, as far as how they act?, answer: portray character roles | question: What is the name of one wrestler who acts like a cartoonish character?, answer: Doink the Clown | question: The Rock's persona is seen as what?, answer: exaggerated versions of the performer's real life personality | question: What is common apparel in lucha libre?, answer: masks
In Latin America in the 1970s, leftists acquired a significant political influence which prompted the right-wing, ecclesiastical authorities and a large portion of the individual country's upper class to support coup d'états to avoid what they perceived as a communist threat. This was further fueled by Cuban and United States intervention which led to a political polarization. Most South American countries were in some periods ruled by military dictatorships that were supported by the United States of America. In the 1970s, the regimes of the Southern Cone collaborated in Operation Condor killing many leftist dissidents, including some urban guerrillas. However, by the early 1990s all countries had restored their democracies.

question: What caused Latin America's right-wing authorities to support coup o'etats?, answer: in the 1970s, leftists acquired a significant political influence | question: Why did the Latin Americas Upper class support coup o'etats?, answer: to avoid what they perceived as a communist threat. | question: The regimes in the southern cone collaborated in killing of who?, answer: leftist dissidents | question: What did all countries restore in the 1990's, answer: their democracies. | question: Where did the United States support dictatorships in the 1970"s?, answer: South American countries
In Latin, papyri from Herculaneum dating before 79 AD (when it was destroyed) have been found that have been written in old Roman cursive, where the early forms of minuscule letters "d", "h" and "r", for example, can already be recognised. According to papyrologist Knut Kleve, "The theory, then, that the lower-case letters have been developed from the fifth century uncials and the ninth century Carolingian minuscules seems to be wrong." Both majuscule and minuscule letters existed, but the difference between the two variants was initially stylistic rather than orthographic and the writing system was still basically unicameral: a given handwritten document could use either one style or the other but these were not mixed. European languages, except for Ancient Greek and Latin, did not make the case distinction before about 1300.[citation needed]

question: Papyri from Herculaneum dating before 79 AD have been to to be written in which hand writing?, answer: old Roman cursive | question: Whicy papyrologist theorized lowercase letter actually developed from the fifth century uncials?, answer: Knut Kleve | question: Which continents languages with few exceptions generally did not utilize case distinction until about the year 1300?, answer: Europe | question: What was the initial difference between majuscule and minuscule letters?, answer: stylistic | question: Which type of document was general unicameral because the writer used one type of writing but not another?, answer: handwritten
In Lebanon, a part of the Christian population considers "Lebanese" to be in some sense a distinct language from Arabic and not merely a dialect. During the civil war Christians often used Lebanese Arabic officially, and sporadically used the Latin script to write Lebanese, thus further distinguishing it from Arabic. All Lebanese laws are written in the standard literary form of Arabic, though parliamentary debate may be conducted in Lebanese Arabic.

question: Lebanese people of what religion sometimes consider Lebanese to be a distinct language?, answer: Christian | question: In what language are Lebanese laws written?, answer: Arabic | question: During the Lebanese Civil War, what language did Lebanese Christians sometimes use officially?, answer: Lebanese Arabic | question: What language is Lebanese closely related to?, answer: Arabic | question: What script did Lebanese Christians sometimes use to write Lebanese Arabic during the civil war?, answer: Latin
In Lebanon, clashes between pro-Nasser factions and supporters of staunch Nasser opponent, then-President Camille Chamoun, culminated in civil strife by May. The former sought to unite with the UAR, while the latter sought Lebanon's continued independence. Nasser delegated oversight of the issue to Sarraj, who provided limited aid to Nasser's Lebanese supporters through money, light arms, and officer training—short of the large-scale support that Chamoun alleged. Nasser did not covet Lebanon, seeing it as a "special case", but sought to prevent Chamoun from a second presidential term.

question: Who was Nasser's opponent in Lebanon?, answer: Camille Chamoun | question: What did Lebanese pro-Nasser groups want?, answer: to unite with the UAR | question: What did Nasser want to deny Chamoun?, answer: a second presidential term | question: Who was in charge of dealing with the Lebanon situation?, answer: Sarraj | question: What degree of support did pro-Nasser factions in Lebanon receive?, answer: limited
In Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause. The court's decision argued that the separation of church and state could never be absolute: "Our prior holdings do not call for total separation between church and state; total separation is not possible in an absolute sense. Some relationship between government and religious organizations is inevitable," the court wrote. "Judicial caveats against entanglement must recognize that the line of separation, far from being a "wall," is a blurred, indistinct, and variable barrier depending on all the circumstances of a particular relationship."

question: When was the case of Lemon v. Kurtzman?, answer: 1971 | question: What state's policy was in question in Lemon v. Kurtzman?, answer: Pennsylvania | question: Whose salaries were being reimbursed in private religious schools?, answer: teachers of secular subjects | question: What did the state's policy violate?, answer: the Establishment Clause | question: What did the court's decision argue that the separation of church and state could never be?, answer: absolute
In Lithuania Propria and in Samogitia prior to the creation of the Kingdom of Lithuania by Mindaugas, nobles were named die beste leuten in sources that were written in German language. In the Lithuanian language nobles were named ponai. The higher nobility were named 'kunigai' or 'kunigaikščiai' (dukes)—i.e., loanword from Scandinavic konung. They were the established local leaders and warlords. During the development of the state they gradually became subordinated to higher dukes, and later to the King of Lithuania. Because of expansion of Lithuanian duchy into lands of Ruthenia in the mid of 14th century a new term appeared to denominate nobility bajorai—from Ruthenian (modern Ukrainian and Belarusian languages) бояре. This word to this day is used in Lithuanian language to name nobility, not only for own, but also for nobility of other countries.

question: WHat were nobles named in german language?, answer: die beste leuten | question: What were the nobles named in lithuanian?, answer: ponai | question: What were the higher nobility named?, answer: kunigai' or 'kunigaikščiai' | question: The kunigai were subordinate to who?, answer: King of Lithuania. | question: What word is used to denominate nobility?, answer: бояре
In Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e ɛ/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o ɔ/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan.

question: In what language do unstressed vowels reduce to four?, answer: Majorcan | question: What reduction pattern do some vowels follow?, answer: Eastern Catalan | question: What other pattern do other vowels follow?, answer: Western Catalan | question: What letter remains distinct?, answer: /u/ | question: /u/ remaining distinct is like what form of Catalan?, answer: Western Catalan
In March 1861, Victoria's mother died, with Victoria at her side. Through reading her mother's papers, Victoria discovered that her mother had loved her deeply; she was heart-broken, and blamed Conroy and Lehzen for "wickedly" estranging her from her mother. To relieve his wife during her intense and deep grief, Albert took on most of her duties, despite being ill himself with chronic stomach trouble. In August, Victoria and Albert visited their son, the Prince of Wales, who was attending army manoeuvres near Dublin, and spent a few days holidaying in Killarney. In November, Albert was made aware of gossip that his son had slept with an actress in Ireland. Appalled, Albert travelled to Cambridge, where his son was studying, to confront him. By the beginning of December, Albert was very unwell. He was diagnosed with typhoid fever by William Jenner, and died on 14 December 1861. Victoria was devastated. She blamed her husband's death on worry over the Prince of Wales's philandering. He had been "killed by that dreadful business", she said. She entered a state of mourning and wore black for the remainder of her life. She avoided public appearances, and rarely set foot in London in the following years. Her seclusion earned her the nickname "widow of Windsor".

question: During which year did Victoria's mother die?, answer: 1861 | question: How did Victoria realize that her mother deeply loved her?, answer: Through reading her mother's papers | question: What was Albert ill with?, answer: chronic stomach trouble | question: What did Victoria blame Albert's death on?, answer: Prince of Wales's philandering | question: What was Prince of Wales attending to in Dublin?, answer: army manoeuvres | question: What year did Victoria's mother die?, answer: 1861 | question: What year did Albert die?, answer: 1861 | question: Who did Victoria blame for her poor relationship with her mother?, answer: Conroy and Lehzen | question: Who took on most of Victoria's duties while she grieved her mothers death?, answer: Albert | question: What illness was Albert suffering from while he helped Victoria through her grief?, answer: chronic stomach trouble | question: When did Victoria's mother die?, answer: March 1861 | question: What disease was Albert diagnosed with?, answer: typhoid fever | question: When did Albert die of his illness?, answer: 14 December 1861 | question: What was Victoria's nickname following Alberts death?, answer: widow of Windsor | question: Who was the Prince of Wales suspected to be having an affair with?, answer: an actress in Ireland | question: When did the Duchess die?, answer: 1861 | question: Who did Victoria blame for the problems between herself and the Duchess?, answer: Conroy and Lehzen | question: What caused Prince Albert's death?, answer: typhoid fever | question: Who did Victoria blame for Prince Albert's death?, answer: their son, the Prince of Wales | question: What gossip did Prince Albert hear about their son?, answer: had slept with an actress in Ireland
In March 1875, Bell and Pollok visited the famous scientist Joseph Henry, who was then director of the Smithsonian Institution, and asked Henry's advice on the electrical multi-reed apparatus that Bell hoped would transmit the human voice by telegraph. Henry replied that Bell had "the germ of a great invention". When Bell said that he did not have the necessary knowledge, Henry replied, "Get it!" That declaration greatly encouraged Bell to keep trying, even though he did not have the equipment needed to continue his experiments, nor the ability to create a working model of his ideas. However, a chance meeting in 1874 between Bell and Thomas A. Watson, an experienced electrical designer and mechanic at the electrical machine shop of Charles Williams, changed all that.

question: Who did Bell go to see in 1875?, answer: Joseph Henry | question: Who ran the Smithsonian in 1875?, answer: Joseph Henry | question: What was Henry's reply to Bell's statement that he lacked information to complete his telegraph?, answer: Get it! | question: Who did Bell meet in 1874?, answer: Thomas A. Watson | question: What kind of business did Watson work at?, answer: electrical machine
In March 1912, in Chihuahua, Gen. Pascual Orozco revolted. Immediately President Francisco Madero commanded Gen. Victoriano Huerta of the Federal Army, to put down the Orozco revolt. The governor of Chihuahua mobilized the state militia led by Colonel Pancho Villa to supplement General Huerta. By June, Villa notified Huerta that the Orozco revolt had been put down and that the militia would consider themselves no longer under Huerta's command and would depart. Huerta became furious and ordered that Villa be executed. Raúl Madero, Madero's brother, intervened to save Villa's life. Jailed in Mexico City, Villa fled to the United States. Madero's time as leader was short-lived, ended by a coup d'état in 1913 led by Gen. Victoriano Huerta; Orozco sided with Huerta, and Huerta made him one of his generals.

question: Which year did Orozco revolt?, answer: 1912 | question: Who notified Huerta the revolt had been put down?, answer: Villa | question: Who saved Villa's life?, answer: Raúl Madero | question: With whom did Orozco side?, answer: Huerta
In March 1949, as RCA released the 45, Columbia released several hundred 7 inch 33 1/3 rpm small spindle hole singles. This format was soon dropped as it became clear that the RCA 45 was the single of choice and the Columbia 12 inch LP would be the 'album' of choice. The first release of the 45 came in seven colors: black 47-xxxx popular series, yellow 47-xxxx juvenile series, green (teal) 48-xxxx country series, deep red 49-xxxx classical series, bright red (cerise) 50-xxxx blues/spiritual series, light blue 51-xxxx international series, dark blue 52-xxxx light classics. All colors were soon dropped in favor of black because of production problems. However, yellow and deep red were continued until about 1952. The first 45 rpm record created for sale was "PeeWee the Piccolo" RCA 47-0147 pressed in yellow translucent vinyl at the Sherman Avenue plant, Indianapolis Dec. 7, 1948, R.O. Price, plant manager.

question: Which colors of 45 were available as late as 1952 before being discontinued?, answer: yellow and deep red | question: PeeWee the Piccolo was what?, answer: The first 45 rpm record created for sale | question: What significance does Dec 7/ 1948 hold?, answer: The first 45 rpm record created for sale | question: How many colors were 45s available in when first released?, answer: seven colors | question: When did RCA release the 45?, answer: March 1949
In March 1968, CBS and Sony formed CBS/Sony Records, a Japanese business joint venture. With Sony being one of the developers behind the compact disc digital music media, a compact disc production plant was constructed in Japan under the joint venture, allowing CBS to begin supplying some of the first compact disc releases for the American market in 1983.

question: In what year did CBS and Sony come together?, answer: 1968 | question: In what year did CDs come to the American market?, answer: 1983
In March 1971, the residential office of an FBI agent in Media, Pennsylvania was burglarized by a group calling itself the Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI. Numerous files were taken and distributed to a range of newspapers, including The Harvard Crimson. The files detailed the FBI's extensive COINTELPRO program, which included investigations into lives of ordinary citizens—including a black student group at a Pennsylvania military college and the daughter of Congressman Henry Reuss of Wisconsin. The country was "jolted" by the revelations, which included assassinations of political activists, and the actions were denounced by members of Congress, including House Majority Leader Hale Boggs. The phones of some members of Congress, including Boggs, had allegedly been tapped.

question: Which group broke into an FBI office in Media, Pennsylvania?, answer: Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI | question: Did the Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI take files?, answer: Numerous files were taken | question: What files was the Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI's raid mainly focused on?, answer: COINTELPRO program | question: What did the files about COINTELPRO reveal?, answer: investigations into lives of ordinary citizens | question: How did the US react to these discoveries?, answer: The country was "jolted"
In March 1984, Pioneer introduced the first consumer player with a solid-state laser, the LD-700. It was also the first LD player to load from the front and not the top. One year earlier Hitachi introduced an expensive industrial player with a laser diode, but the player, which had poor picture quality due to an inadequate dropout compensator, was made only in limited quantities. After Pioneer released the LD-700, gas lasers were no longer used in consumer players, despite their advantages, although Philips continued to use gas lasers in their industrial units until 1985.

question: What was the name of the first solid-state laser consumer LaserDisc player?, answer: LD-700 | question: Besides a solid-state laser, what else was unique about the LD-700?, answer: first LD player to load from the front and not the top | question: When did Pioneer release the LD-700?, answer: March 1984 | question: Which company continued to use gas-lasers in industrial models of LD players although they were no longer used in consumer models?, answer: Philips
In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the time cost between 10,000 and 15,000 USD per patient per year. This was unaffordable for most South African citizens, and so the South African government committed to providing ARVs at prices closer to what people could afford. To do so, they would need to ignore the patents on drugs and produce generics within the country (using a compulsory license), or import them from abroad. After international protest in favour of public health rights (including the collection of 250,000 signatures by MSF), the governments of several developed countries (including The Netherlands, Germany, France, and later the US) backed the South African government, and the case was dropped in April of that year.

question: How much did treatment for each patient in Africa cost?, answer: 10,000 and 15,000 USD per patient per year | question: Who backed the South African government which caused the case to be dropped?, answer: The Netherlands, Germany, France, and later the US | question: Who brought litigation to South Africa?, answer: 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies | question: How many signatures were collected by MSF?, answer: 250,000 signatures | question: When was litigation brought to South Africa?, answer: March 2001 | question: How many companies sued South Africa for its Medicines Act?, answer: 40 | question: South Africa's Medicines Act allowed for the generic production of what kind of drugs?, answer: antiretroviral | question: How much did ARV drugs cost patients yearly?, answer: between 10,000 and 15,000 USD | question: How many signatures were collected supporting public health rights?, answer: 250,000