lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Liberia's highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court, made up of five members and headed by the Chief Justice of Liberia. Members are nominated to the court by the president and are confirmed by the Senate, serving until the age of 70. The judiciary is further divided into circuit and speciality courts, magistrate courts and justices of the peace. The judicial system is a blend of common law, based on Anglo-American law, and customary law. An informal system of traditional courts still exists within the rural areas of the country, with trial by ordeal remaining common despite being officially outlawed.

question: What is Liberia's highest judicial authority?, answer: Supreme Court | question: How many members are in the Supreme court?, answer: five | question: Who is the head of the supreme court?, answer: the Chief Justice of Liberia | question: How are members chosen for the court?, answer: Members are nominated to the court by the president and are confirmed by the Senate | question: How long do members of the supreme court serve?, answer: until the age of 70
Libraries and museums have been established for other presidents, but they are not part of the NARA presidential library system, and are operated by private foundations, historical societies, or state governments, including the Abraham Lincoln, Rutherford B. Hayes, William McKinley, Woodrow Wilson and Calvin Coolidge libraries. For example, the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is owned and operated by the state of Illinois.

question: Libraries that are established for other presidents are operated by private foundations, historical societies, and what government entities?, answer: state governments | question: What state operates the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library?, answer: Illinois | question: What is the earliest President that NARA does not hold records for in its presidential library system?, answer: Abraham Lincoln | question: Abraham Lincoln's Presidential Library and Museum is operated by what type of entity?, answer: state
Libya began to turn towards socialism. In March 1978, the government issued guidelines for housing redistribution, attempting to ensure the population that every adult Libyan owned his own home and that nobody was enslaved to paying their rent. Most families were banned from owning more than one house, while former rental properties were seized and sold to the tenants at a heavily subsidized price. In September, Gaddafi called for the People's Committees to eliminate the "bureaucracy of the public sector" and the "dictatorship of the private sector"; the People's Committees took control of several hundred companies, converting them into worker cooperatives run by elected representatives.

question: In September of 1978, what bureaucracy did Gaddafi speak out against?, answer: public sector | question: What "dictatorship" did Gaddafi attack in September of 1978?, answer: private sector | question: After People's Committees expropriated companies, what did they turn them into?, answer: worker cooperatives | question: How many companies were taken over by People's Committees?, answer: several hundred
Libya's economy witnessed increasing privatization; although rejecting the socialist policies of nationalized industry advocated in The Green Book, government figures asserted that they were forging "people's socialism" rather than capitalism. Gaddafi welcomed these reforms, calling for wide-scale privatization in a March 2003 speech. In 2003, the oil industry was largely sold to private corporations, and by 2004, there was $40 billion of direct foreign investment in Libya, a sixfold rise over 2003. Sectors of Libya's population reacted against these reforms with public demonstrations, and in March 2006, revolutionary hard-liners took control of the GPC cabinet; although scaling back the pace of the changes, they did not halt them. In 2010, plans were announced that would have seen half the Libyan economy privatized over the following decade. While there was no accompanying political liberalization, with Gaddafi retaining predominant control, in March 2010, the government devolved further powers to the municipal councils. Rising numbers of reformist technocrats attained positions in the country's governance; best known was Gaddafi's son and heir apparent Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, who was openly critical of Libya's human rights record. He led a group who proposed the drafting of the new constitution, although it was never adopted, and in October 2009 was appointed to head the PSLC. Involved in encouraging tourism, Saif founded several privately run media channels in 2008, but after criticising the government they were nationalised in 2009. In October 2010, Gaddafi apologized to African leaders on behalf of Arab nations for their involvement in the African slave trade.

question: In what month and year did Gaddafi make a speech promoting economic privatization?, answer: March 2003 | question: How much direct foreign investment existed in Libya circa 2004?, answer: $40 billion | question: By what factor did direct foreign investment in Libya increase between 2003 and 2004?, answer: sixfold | question: According to the plan of 2010, what fraction of Libya's economy was intended to be privatized?, answer: half | question: As of October 2009, who was the head of the PSLC?, answer: Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
Lie groups are of fundamental importance in modern physics: Noether's theorem links continuous symmetries to conserved quantities. Rotation, as well as translations in space and time are basic symmetries of the laws of mechanics. They can, for instance, be used to construct simple models—imposing, say, axial symmetry on a situation will typically lead to significant simplification in the equations one needs to solve to provide a physical description.v[›] Another example are the Lorentz transformations, which relate measurements of time and velocity of two observers in motion relative to each other. They can be deduced in a purely group-theoretical way, by expressing the transformations as a rotational symmetry of Minkowski space. The latter serves—in the absence of significant gravitation—as a model of space time in special relativity. The full symmetry group of Minkowski space, i.e. including translations, is known as the Poincaré group. By the above, it plays a pivotal role in special relativity and, by implication, for quantum field theories. Symmetries that vary with location are central to the modern description of physical interactions with the help of gauge theory.

question: What concept is of basic importance in modern physics?, answer: Lie groups | question: What connects continuous symmetries to conserved quantities?, answer: Noether's theorem | question: What term describes the basic symmetries of the laws of mechanics?, answer: Rotation | question: What concept relates measurements of time and velocity of two observers in motion relative to each other?, answer: Lorentz transformations | question: What describe the complete symmetry group of Minkowski space including translations?, answer: Poincaré group
Life expectancy at birth is estimated to be 52.2 years in 2012 – among the lowest in the world. The AIDS epidemic is a large problem in Namibia. Though its rate of infection is substantially lower than that of its eastern neighbour, Botswana, approximately 13.1% of the adult population is[update] infected with HIV. In 2001, there were an estimated 210,000 people living with HIV/AIDS, and the estimated death toll in 2003 was 16,000. According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, the epidemic in Namibia "appears to be leveling off." As the HIV/AIDS epidemic has reduced the working-aged population, the number of orphans has increased. It falls to the government to provide education, food, shelter and clothing for these orphans.

question: What is the life expectancy in Namibia?, answer: 52.2 | question: What epidemic is a large problem in Namibia?, answer: AIDS | question: How much of the Namibian population is infected with HIV?, answer: 13.1% | question: How many people living in 2001 had HIV/AIDS in Namibia?, answer: 210,000 | question: How many deaths were associated with HIV/AIDS in Namibia in 2003?, answer: 16,000.
Life in the Roman Republic revolved around the city of Rome, and its famed seven hills. The city also had several theatres, gymnasiums, and many taverns, baths and brothels. Throughout the territory under Rome's control, residential architecture ranged from very modest houses to country villas, and in the capital city of Rome, to the residences on the elegant Palatine Hill, from which the word "palace" is derived. The vast majority of the population lived in the city center, packed into apartment blocks.[citation needed]

question: Where did the bulk of the cities populace live?, answer: the city center | question: What type of housing could be located in the city center?, answer: apartment blocks | question: From what local area in Rome is the word palace borrowed from?, answer: Palatine Hill | question: How many areas in Rome could be called hills?, answer: seven
Life with My Sister Madonna, a book by Madonna's brother Christopher, debuted at number two on The New York Times bestseller list. The book caused some friction between Madonna and her brother, because of the unsolicited publication. Problems also arose between Madonna and Ritchie, with the media reporting that they were on the verge of separation. Ultimately, Madonna filed for divorce from Ritchie, citing irreconcilable differences, which was finalized in December 2008. She decided to adopt from Malawi. The country's High Court initially approved the adoption of Chifundo "Mercy" James; however, the application was rejected because Madonna was not a resident of the country. Madonna appealed, and on June 12, 2009, the Supreme Court of Malawi granted Madonna the right to adopt Mercy James. She also released Celebration, her third greatest-hits album and final release with Warner. It contained the new songs "Celebration" and "Revolver" along with 34 hits spanning her career. Celebration reached number one in the UK, tying her with Elvis Presley as the solo act with most number one albums in the British chart history. She appeared at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards on September 13, 2009, to speak in tribute to deceased pop star Michael Jackson.

question: What is the title of the book by Madonna's brother?, answer: Life with My Sister Madonna | question: The book debuted at number two on which best seller's list?, answer: The New York Times | question: When was the divorce finalized between Madonna and Ritchie?, answer: December 2008 | question: When did the High Court of Malawi gave the right for Madonna to adopt her second son?, answer: June 12, 2009 | question: When did Madonna appear in MTV for the tribute to Michael Jackson?, answer: September 13, 2009
Life with PlayStation, released on September 18, 2008 to succeed Folding@home, was retired November 6, 2012. Life with PlayStation used virtual globe data to display news and information by city. Along with Folding@home functionality, the application provided access to three other information "channels", the first being the Live Channel offering news headlines and weather which were provided by Google News, The Weather Channel, the University of Wisconsin–Madison Space Science and Engineering Center, among other sources. The second channel was the World Heritage channel which offered historical information about historical sites. The third channel was the United Village channel. United Village was designed to share information about communities and cultures worldwide. An update allowed video and photo viewing in the application. The fourth channel was the USA exclusive PlayStation Network Game Trailers Channel for direct streaming of game trailers.

question: Life was able to personalize information for users by what location division?, answer: city | question: On what date was Life with PlayStation shut down?, answer: November 6, 2012 | question: What's was Life's channel that delivered information about history topics?, answer: World Heritage | question: For weather updates from The Weather Channel, which of Life's channels would you have visited?, answer: Live Channel
Light is the signal by which plants synchronize their internal clocks to their environment and is sensed by a wide variety of photoreceptors. Red and blue light are absorbed through several phytochromes and cryptochromes. One phytochrome, phyA, is the main phytochrome in seedlings grown in the dark but rapidly degrades in light to produce Cry1. Phytochromes B–E are more stable with phyB, the main phytochrome in seedlings grown in the light. The cryptochrome (cry) gene is also a light-sensitive component of the circadian clock and is thought to be involved both as a photoreceptor and as part of the clock's endogenous pacemaker mechanism. Cryptochromes 1–2 (involved in blue–UVA) help to maintain the period length in the clock through a whole range of light conditions.

question: What signals plants to synchronize their internal clocks?, answer: Light | question: What do plants use to sense light?, answer: photoreceptors | question: What receptors absorb red and blue light in plants?, answer: phytochromes and cryptochromes | question: Which phytochrome found in seedlings deteriorates with light and growth?, answer: phyA | question: What is the main phytochrome found in seedling grown in light?, answer: phyB
Lighthouse Point Park, a public beach run by the city, was a popular tourist destination during the Roaring Twenties, attracting luminaries of the period such as Babe Ruth and Ty Cobb. The park remains popular among New Haveners, and is home to the Five Mile Point Lighthouse, constructed in 1847, and the Lighthouse Point Carousel, constructed in 1916. Five Mile Point Light was decommissioned in 1877 following the construction of Southwest Ledge Light at the entrance of the harbor, which remains in service to this day. Both of the lighthouses and the carousel are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

question: Throughout the Roaring Twenties, what public beach in New Haven was a favored destination for tourists?, answer: Lighthouse Point Park | question: Which famed professional baseball player is known to have visited at Lighthouse Point Park in New Haven during the 1920's?, answer: Babe Ruth | question: What notable New Haven attraction constructed in 1847 was located at Lighthouse Point Park?, answer: Five Mile Point Lighthouse | question: In what year was New Haven's Lighthouse Point carousel constructed?, answer: 1916 | question: In what year was Five Mile Point Lighthouse decommissioned upon construction of Southwest Ledge Lighthouse?, answer: 1877 | question: What popular tourist site was particularly active during the 20s?, answer: Lighthouse Point Park | question: In 1847, a new landmark was constructed at the park, what exactly was it?, answer: Lighthouse | question: After 1877 another lighthouse was build to replace File Mile Point, what was its' name?, answer: Southwest Ledge Light | question: Is Southwest Ledge Light still active today?, answer: in service to this day
Like Finnish and Hungarian, Estonian is a somewhat agglutinative language, but unlike them, it has lost vowel harmony, the front vowels occurring exclusively on the first or stressed syllable, although in older texts the vowel harmony can still be recognized. Furthermore, the apocope of word-final sounds is extensive and has contributed to a shift from a purely agglutinative to a fusional language.[citation needed] The basic word order is subject–verb–object.

question: What kind of harmony has Estonian lost?, answer: vowel | question: What language feature does Estonian, Finish and Hungarian share?, answer: agglutinative | question: In what order are words put in sentences in the Estonian language?, answer: subject–verb–object
Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), Ä is pronounced [æ], as in English mat. The vowels Ä, Ö and Ü are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter õ denotes /ɤ/, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian ъ /ɤ̞/ and the Vietnamese ơ, and is used to transcribe the Russian ы.

question: From what script does the Estonian language get its alphabet?, answer: Latin | question: What is another language that uses Latin for its alphabet?, answer: Finnish | question: In the Estonian language how is the letter A pronounced?, answer: [æ], as in English mat
Like Maradona, Ronaldo only stayed a short time before he left for Internazionale. However, new heroes emerged, such as Luís Figo, Patrick Kluivert, Luis Enrique and Rivaldo, and the team won a Copa del Rey and La Liga double in 1998. In 1999, the club celebrated its centenari, winning the Primera División title, and Rivaldo became the fourth Barcelona player to be awarded European Footballer of the Year. Despite this domestic success, the failure to emulate Real Madrid in the Champions League led to van Gaal and Núñez resigning in 2000.

question: In what year did Barcelona win a Copa del Rey and La Liga double?, answer: 1998 | question: In what year did Barcelona win the Primera División title?, answer: 1999 | question: In what year did van Gaal and Núñez resign from Barcelona?, answer: 2000 | question: Who was the fourth Barcelona player to be awarded European Footballer of the Year?, answer: Rivaldo | question: How long did Ronaldo remain with Barcelona?, answer: short time | question: When did Barcelona win a Copa del Rey and La Liga double?, answer: 1998 | question: When was the centenari of Barcelona celebrated?, answer: 1999 | question: What title did Barcelona win in 1999?, answer: Primera División | question: Which Barcelona player was the fourth to win European Footballer of the Year?, answer: Rivaldo
Like all major English football clubs, Arsenal have a number of domestic supporters' clubs, including the Arsenal Football Supporters' Club, which works closely with the club, and the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association, which maintains a more independent line. The Arsenal Supporters' Trust promotes greater participation in ownership of the club by fans. The club's supporters also publish fanzines such as The Gooner, Gunflash and the satirical Up The Arse!. In addition to the usual English football chants, supporters sing "One-Nil to the Arsenal" (to the tune of "Go West").

question: What type of clubs does Arsenal have?, answer: domestic supporters' clubs | question: Which fan club is closely allied to the Arsenal club?, answer: Arsenal Football Supporters' Club | question: What supporters club is more loosely tied to Arsenal?, answer: Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association | question: What fan group wants more ownership rights in the Arsenal club?, answer: Arsenal Supporters' Trust | question: What is a common chant of Arsenal supporters?, answer: One-Nil to the Arsenal
Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal. Suffixation is omnipresent, whereas morphological alternations play a secondary role. Vowel alternances are active, as well as infixation and suppletion. However, these are not as productive as in Spanish, and are mostly restricted to irregular verbs.

question: What is Catalan verbal inflection ?, answer: more complex | question: What plays a primary part in Catalan?, answer: Suffixation | question: What plays a secondary part in Catalan?, answer: morphological alternations | question: How are vowel alternances in Catalan?, answer: active
Like aluminium, copper is 100% recyclable without any loss of quality, regardless of whether it is in a raw state or contained in a manufactured product. In volume, copper is the third most recycled metal after iron and aluminium. It is estimated that 80% of the copper ever mined is still in use today. According to the International Resource Panel's Metal Stocks in Society report, the global per capita stock of copper in use in society is 35–55 kg. Much of this is in more-developed countries (140–300 kg per capita) rather than less-developed countries (30–40 kg per capita).

question: What percent of copper is recyclable?, answer: 100% | question: What percentage of copper that has been mined is still being used today?, answer: 80% | question: What other metal besides copper is 100% recyclable?, answer: aluminium | question: Name a metal that is recycled more often than copper?, answer: aluminium | question: What is the amount of copper in use, per capita, globally?, answer: 35–55 kg
Like any plucked instrument, mandolin notes decay to silence rather than sound out continuously as with a bowed note on a violin, and mandolin notes decay faster than larger stringed instruments like the guitar. This encourages the use of tremolo (rapid picking of one or more pairs of strings) to create sustained notes or chords. The mandolin's paired strings facilitate this technique: the plectrum (pick) strikes each of a pair of strings alternately, providing a more full and continuous sound than a single string would.

question: What happens to mandolin notes when plucked?, answer: decay to silence | question: Do mandolin notes decay faster or slower than larger string instruments?, answer: faster | question: What is tremolo?, answer: rapid picking of one or more pairs of strings | question: What parts of the mandolin faciliate the tremolo technique?, answer: paired strings | question: What is a plectrum?, answer: pick
Like his predecessor Pius XII, Paul VI put much emphasis on the dialogue with all nations of the world through establishing diplomatic relations. The number of foreign embassies accredited to the Vatican doubled during his pontificate. This was a reflection of a new understanding between Church and State, which had been formulated first by Pius XI and Pius XII but decreed by Vatican II. The pastoral constitution Gaudium et spes stated that the Catholic Church is not bound to any form of government and willing to cooperate with all forms. The Church maintained its right to select bishops on its own without any interference by the State.

question: What number doubled during Paul Vi's papacy?, answer: foreign embassies | question: Who did Paul Vi want to maintain a continuing dialogue with?, answer: nations | question: What document states that the Catholic church is not subject to any particlar government?, answer: Gaudium et spes | question: Who did the church retain the right to elect without interference from the state in its constitutional document?, answer: bishops | question: What organization officially outlined the church's relationship to state?, answer: Vatican II