lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
It is also possible to use multiple active elements and combine them together with transmission lines to produce a similar system where the phases add up to reinforce the output. The antenna array and very similar reflective array antenna consist of multiple elements, often half-wave dipoles, spaced out on a plane and wired together with transmission lines with specific phase lengths to produce a single in-phase signal at the output. The log-periodic antenna is a more complex design that uses multiple in-line elements similar in appearance to the Yagi-Uda but using transmission lines between the elements to produce the output.

question: What can be paired with transmission lines to create phases that would support output?, answer: active elements | question: What is the most common element used to create a single in phase signal?, answer: half-wave dipoles | question: What must be precise in order to create this signal at output?, answer: phase lengths | question: What is a more complicated occurrence of the single in-phase producing antenna?, answer: log-periodic
It is also stated that Hera kidnapped Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth, to prevent Leto from going into labor. The other gods tricked Hera into letting her go by offering her a necklace, nine yards (8 m) long, of amber. Mythographers agree that Artemis was born first and then assisted with the birth of Apollo, or that Artemis was born one day before Apollo, on the island of Ortygia and that she helped Leto cross the sea to Delos the next day to give birth to Apollo. Apollo was born on the seventh day (ἑβδομαγενής, hebdomagenes) of the month Thargelion —according to Delian tradition—or of the month Bysios—according to Delphian tradition. The seventh and twentieth, the days of the new and full moon, were ever afterwards held sacred to him.

question: Who kidnapped Eileithyia?, answer: Hera | question: Who was the goddess of childbirth?, answer: Eileithyia | question: How long was the necklace offered to Hera?, answer: nine yards | question: What was the necklace made of?, answer: amber | question: What was the day of the new moon?, answer: The seventh
It is believed that Nanjing was the largest city in the world from 1358 to 1425 with a population of 487,000 in 1400. Nanjing remained the capital of the Ming Empire until 1421, when the third emperor of the Ming dynasty, the Yongle Emperor, relocated the capital to Beijing.

question: When was Nanjing considered to be the biggest city in the world?, answer: from 1358 to 1425 | question: What was the number of people in Nanjing in 1400?, answer: 487,000 | question: When did Nanjing cease to be the capital?, answer: 1421 | question: Where was the capital moved to?, answer: Beijing | question: Who was the third emperor of the Ming dynasty?, answer: the Yongle Emperor
It is best for the receiving antenna to match the polarization of the transmitted wave for optimum reception. Intermediate matchings will lose some signal strength, but not as much as a complete mismatch. A circularly polarized antenna can be used to equally well match vertical or horizontal linear polarizations. Transmission from a circularly polarized antenna received by a linearly polarized antenna (or vice versa) entails a 3 dB reduction in signal-to-noise ratio as the received power has thereby been cut in half.

question: What is the best for an recieving antenna for optimum reception?, answer: match the polarization | question: What loses signal strength?, answer: Intermediate matchings | question: What is used to match vertical and horizontal linear polarizations?, answer: circularly polarized | question: A transmission can cause reduction in what?, answer: signal-to-noise ratio
It is classified as a Beta World City, ranking seventh in Latin America and 73rd in the world. Described as a "vibrant, eclectic place with a rich cultural life", and "a thriving tech center and entrepreneurial culture", Montevideo ranks 8th in Latin America on the 2013 MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index. By 2014, is also regarded as the fifth most gay-friendly major city in the world, first in Latin America. It is the hub of commerce and higher education in Uruguay as well as its chief port. The city is also the financial and cultural hub of a larger metropolitan area, with a population of around 2 million.

question: What is Montevideo classified as?, answer: a Beta World City | question: What rank did Montevideo hold in Latin America during 2013?, answer: 8th | question: Montevideo is the hub of commerce and higher education in what area?, answer: Uruguay | question: Montevideo is the chief port of what area?, answer: Uruguay | question: What is the population of Montevideo?, answer: around 2 million
It is common to classify wood as either softwood or hardwood. The wood from conifers (e.g. pine) is called softwood, and the wood from dicotyledons (usually broad-leaved trees, e.g. oak) is called hardwood. These names are a bit misleading, as hardwoods are not necessarily hard, and softwoods are not necessarily soft. The well-known balsa (a hardwood) is actually softer than any commercial softwood. Conversely, some softwoods (e.g. yew) are harder than many hardwoods.

question: What term do we use for the wood that comes from pine trees?, answer: softwood | question: What kind of wood does an oak tree have?, answer: hardwood | question: Is balsa a softwood or a hardwood?, answer: hardwood | question: What's an example of a softwood that isn't "soft," and is actually harder than a lot of hardwoods?, answer: yew | question: What's the scientific name for trees like the oak with broad leaves?, answer: dicotyledons
It is commonly believed that the earlier a defect is found, the cheaper it is to fix it. The following table shows the cost of fixing the defect depending on the stage it was found. For example, if a problem in the requirements is found only post-release, then it would cost 10–100 times more to fix than if it had already been found by the requirements review. With the advent of modern continuous deployment practices and cloud-based services, the cost of re-deployment and maintenance may lessen over time.

question: What determines the cost of fixing a bug?, answer: the earlier a defect is found | question: Ho many more times would the cost be if the problem is found after the software's release?, answer: 10–100 times more | question: What could possibly lessen the cost of fixing buggy software?, answer: cloud-based services
It is considered that overeating and lack of muscle tone is the main cause of a beer belly, rather than beer consumption. A 2004 study, however, found a link between binge drinking and a beer belly. But with most overconsumption, it is more a problem of improper exercise and overconsumption of carbohydrates than the product itself. Several diet books quote beer as having an undesirably high glycemic index of 110, the same as maltose; however, the maltose in beer undergoes metabolism by yeast during fermentation so that beer consists mostly of water, hop oils and only trace amounts of sugars, including maltose.

question: In addition to a lack of muscle tone, what is believed to be the main cause of the beer belly?, answer: overeating | question: What condition was attributed to binge drinking in a 2004 study?, answer: beer belly | question: What is believed to be the glycemic index in beer?, answer: 110 | question: What is the glycemic index in maltose?, answer: 110
It is easy for Western-educated scholars to fall into the trap of viewing hunter-gatherer social and sexual arrangements in the light of Western values.[editorializing] One common arrangement is the sexual division of labour, with women doing most of the gathering, while men concentrate on big game hunting. It might be imagined that this arrangement oppresses women, keeping them in the domestic sphere. However, according to some observers, hunter-gatherer women would not understand this interpretation. Since childcare is collective, with every baby having multiple mothers and male carers, the domestic sphere is not atomised or privatised but an empowering place to be.[citation needed] In all hunter-gatherer societies, women appreciate the meat brought back to camp by men. An illustrative account is Megan Biesele's study of the southern African Ju/'hoan, 'Women Like Meat'. Recent archaeological research suggests that the sexual division of labor was the fundamental organisational innovation that gave Homo sapiens the edge over the Neanderthals, allowing our ancestors to migrate from Africa and spread across the globe.

question: What value system do Western scholars tend to use in analyzing societies?, answer: Western values | question: Who does most of the gathering in a hunter-gatherer society?, answer: women | question: What group members are the big game hunters?, answer: men | question: What does the argument over women as gathers said to produce ?, answer: arrangement oppresses women | question: How is childcare viewed in a hunter-gatherer society?, answer: childcare is collective
It is estimated that 5.5 million tonnes of uranium exists in ore reserves that are economically viable at US$59 per lb of uranium, while 35 million tonnes are classed as mineral resources (reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction). Prices went from about $10/lb in May 2003 to $138/lb in July 2007. This has caused a big increase in spending on exploration, with US$200 million being spent worldwide in 2005, a 54% increase on the previous year. This trend continued through 2006, when expenditure on exploration rocketed to over $774 million, an increase of over 250% compared to 2004. The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency said exploration figures for 2007 would likely match those for 2006.

question: How much economically viable uranium is there in ore reserves, in millions of tonnes?, answer: 5.5 | question: How many millions of tonnes are uranium are regarded as mineral resources?, answer: 35 | question: What was the price of uranium per pound as of May 2003?, answer: $10 | question: In 2005, how much money was spent on uranium exploration?, answer: US$200 million | question: How much money was spent to explore for uranium in 2006?, answer: $774 million
It is estimated that in 480 BC, 50 million people lived in the Achaemenid Empire. The empire at its peak ruled over 44% of the world's population, the highest such figure for any empire in history. In Greek history, the Achaemenid Empire is considered as the antagonist of the Greek city states, for the emancipation of slaves including the Jewish exiles in Babylon, building infrastructures such as road and postal systems, and the use of an official language, the Imperial Aramaic, throughout its territories. The empire had a centralized, bureaucratic administration under the emperor, a large professional army, and civil services, inspiring similar developments in later empires. Furthermore, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, was built in the empire between 353 and 350 BC.

question: The Achaemenid Empire was the known enemy of what nation's histories during its existence?, answer: the Greek city states | question: How many people lived in the Archaemenid Empire in 480BC?, answer: 50 million people | question: The Achaemenid Empire had what percentage of the word's population in 480BC?, answer: 44% of the world's population | question: What was the Achaemenid Empire's official language?, answer: Imperial Aramaic | question: What Seven Wonder of the Ancient world was built by the Archaemenid Empire in the 4th Century BC?, answer: the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide.

question: According to Sergio DellaPergola, what percent of Jews worldwide do Ashkenazi Jews's make up?, answer: 74% | question: During what century did Ashkenazi Jews make up around three percent of the Jewish population worldwide?, answer: 11th century | question: Prior to which major event were there approximately 16.7 million Jews in the world?, answer: Holocaust | question: During what year did Ashkenazi Jews account for 92 percent of Jews worldwide?, answer: 1931 | question: By 1931, what percentage of the world’s Jews were Ashkenazi Jews?, answer: 92 percent | question: How many Jews were there in the world just prior to the Holocaust?, answer: 16.7 million | question: From the 11th century until 1931, the population of Ashkenazi Jews grew by what percent?, answer: three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent | question: Who made rough calculations and implied that Ashkenazi Jews make up less than 74% of the Jewish population worldwide?, answer: Sergio DellaPergola | question: The present-day population of Ashkenazi Jews is thought to be between which two numbers?, answer: 10 million and 11.2 million
It is estimated that there are around 100 elephants left in Eritrea, the most northerly of East Africa's elephants. The endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) was previously found in Eritrea, but is now deemed extirpated from the entire country. In Gash Barka, deadly snakes like saw-scaled viper are common. Puff adder and red spitting cobra are widespread and can be found even in the highlands.In the coastal areas marine species that are common include dolphin, dugong, whale shark, turtles, marlin/swordfish, and manta ray.

question: How many elephants are believed to be left in Eritrea?, answer: around 100 | question: What type of snakes are common in Gash Barka?, answer: deadly | question: Where in Eritrea can puff adder and red spitting cobra be found?, answer: widespread | question: Where in Eritrea are marine species such as dolphin, turtles and manta ray found?, answer: coastal areas | question: Which dog, previously found in Eritrea, is now considered extirpated from the entire country?, answer: African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)
It is fairly clear that predators tend to lower the survival and fecundity of their prey, but on a higher level of organization, populations of predator and prey species also interact. It is obvious that predators depend on prey for survival, and this is reflected in predator populations being affected by changes in prey populations. It is not so obvious, however, that predators affect prey populations. Eating a prey organism may simply make room for another if the prey population is approaching its carrying capacity.

question: What do predators depend on for survival?, answer: prey | question: Prey that is eaten is simply replaced by anohter when the population is close to what?, answer: carrying capacity | question: Predators lower what aspects of their prey?, answer: survival and fecundity
It is forbidden for the Divine Leader not to be from the family of Muhammad.[citation needed] According to Ali al-Ridha, since it is obligatory to obey him, there should be a sign to clearly indicate the Divine Leader. That sign is his well-known ties of kinship with Muhammad and his clear appointment so that the people could distinguish him from others, and be clearly guided toward him. Otherwise others are nobler than Muhammad's offspring and they are to be followed and obeyed; and the offspring of Muhammad are obedient and subject to the offspring of Muhammad’s enemies such as Abi Jahl or Ibn Abi Ma’eet.[original research?] However, Muhammad is much nobler than others to be in charge and to be obeyed. Moreover, once the prophethood of Muhammad is testified they would obey him, no one would hesitate to follow his offspring and this would not be hard for anyone. While to follow the offspring of the corrupted families is difficult.[original research?] And that is maybe why the basic characteristic of Muhammad and other prophets was their nobility.[original research?] For none of them, it is said, were originated from a disgraced family.[citation needed] It is believed that all Muhammad's ancestors up to Adam were true Muslims. [a][citation needed] Jesus was also from a pious family, as it is mentioned in Quran that after his birth, people said to Mary: O sister of Aaron, your father was not a man of evil, nor was your mother unchaste."[b][improper synthesis?]

question: What is the basic characteristis of Muhammad and the prophets?, answer: their nobility | question: What religion were all of Muhammad's ancestors?, answer: Muslims | question: Who does the Quran say was also from a pious family?, answer: Jesus | question: What is forbidden for the Divine Leader?, answer: not to be from the family of Muhammad | question: What is the sign that indicates the Divine Leader?, answer: his well-known ties of kinship with Muhammad
It is generally considered that the Pacific War began on 7/8 December 1941, on which date Japan invaded Thailand and attacked the British possessions of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong as well as the United States military bases in Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam and the Philippines. Some historians contend that the conflict in Asia can be dated back to 7 July 1937 with the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China, or possibly 19 September 1931, beginning with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. However, it is more widely accepted that the Pacific War itself started in early December 1941, with the Sino-Japanese War then becoming part of it as a theater of the greater World War II.[nb 9]

question: When do most people believe the Pacific War began?, answer: early December 1941 | question: On what date did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?, answer: 7/8 December 1941 | question: When did the Second Sino-Japanese War begin?, answer: 7 July 1937 | question: Which countries did the Second Sino-Japanese War encompass?, answer: Empire of Japan and the Republic of China | question: Has Japan ever attacked Thailand?, answer: Japan invaded Thailand | question: What is the generally accepted date the Pacific War started?, answer: 7/8 December 1941 | question: When did Japan invade Manchuria?, answer: 19 September 1931 | question: What nation initiated hostilities?, answer: Japan | question: When did Japan invade China?, answer: 7 July 1937 | question: What was the Pacific War theater part of after December 1941?, answer: World War II
It is in the great churches and cathedrals and in a number of civic buildings that the Gothic style was expressed most powerfully, its characteristics lending themselves to appeals to the emotions, whether springing from faith or from civic pride. A great number of ecclesiastical buildings remain from this period, of which even the smallest are often structures of architectural distinction while many of the larger churches are considered priceless works of art and are listed with UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. For this reason a study of Gothic architecture is largely a study of cathedrals and churches.

question: What is an example of where the Gothic style is expressed most strongly?, answer: churches and cathedrals | question: Where do the emotions which traits of the Gothic style represent, originate from?, answer: faith or from civic pride | question: A great number of what type of buildings still remain from this period today?, answer: ecclesiastical | question: With what organization are many Gothic cathedral listed with as World Heritage Sites?, answer: UNESCO | question: Why are larger cathedrals and churches associated with the Gothic style?, answer: larger churches are considered priceless works of art
It is in this time that the notation of music on a staff and other elements of musical notation began to take shape. This invention made possible the separation of the composition of a piece of music from its transmission; without written music, transmission was oral, and subject to change every time it was transmitted. With a musical score, a work of music could be performed without the composer's presence. The invention of the movable-type printing press in the 15th century had far-reaching consequences on the preservation and transmission of music.

question: The notation of music on a what began to take shape at this time?, answer: staff | question: How was music transmitted before the invention of musical notation?, answer: oral | question: What was oral music subject to every time is was transmitted?, answer: change | question: What can a musical scored be performed without?, answer: the composer's presence | question: When was the movable-type printing press invented?, answer: the 15th century
It is not clear exactly where collegiate a cappella began. The Rensselyrics of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (formerly known as the RPI Glee Club), established in 1873 is perhaps the oldest known collegiate a cappella group.[citation needed] However the longest continuously-singing group is probably The Whiffenpoofs of Yale University, which was formed in 1909 and once included Cole Porter as a member. Collegiate a cappella groups grew throughout the 20th century. Some notable historical groups formed along the way include Princeton University's Tigertones (1946), Colgate University's The Colgate 13 (1942), Dartmouth College's Aires (1946), Cornell University's Cayuga's Waiters (1949) and The Hangovers (1968), the University of Maine Maine Steiners (1958), the Columbia University Kingsmen (1949), the Jabberwocks of Brown University (1949), and the University of Rochester YellowJackets (1956). All-women a cappella groups followed shortly, frequently as a parody of the men's groups: the Smiffenpoofs of Smith College (1936), The Shwiffs of Connecticut College (The She-Whiffenpoofs, 1944), and The Chattertocks of Brown University (1951). A cappella groups exploded in popularity beginning in the 1990s, fueled in part by a change in style popularized by the Tufts University Beelzebubs and the Boston University Dear Abbeys. The new style used voices to emulate modern rock instruments, including vocal percussion/"beatboxing". Some larger universities now have multiple groups. Groups often join one another in on-campus concerts, such as the Georgetown Chimes' Cherry Tree Massacre, a 3-weekend a cappella festival held each February since 1975, where over a hundred collegiate groups have appeared, as well as International Quartet Champions The Boston Common and the contemporary commercial a cappella group Rockapella. Co-ed groups have produced many up-and-coming and major artists, including John Legend, an alumnus of the Counterparts at the University of Pennsylvania, and Sara Bareilles, an alumna of Awaken A Cappella at University of California, Los Angeles. Mira Sorvino is an alumna of the Harvard-Radcliffe Veritones of Harvard College where she had the solo on Only You by Yaz.

question: What is the previous name of oldest recorded college a cappella group?, answer: RPI Glee Club | question: What prominent composer was once a member of The Whiffenpoofs?, answer: Cole Porter | question: What is the name of the a capella group that was a parody of The Whiffenpoofs?, answer: the Smiffenpoofs of Smith College | question: What is the name of the college a capella event that's been held since 1975?, answer: Georgetown Chimes' Cherry Tree Massacre | question: What well-known musician was once part of the college a capella group The Counterparts?, answer: John Legend