lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The Cathedral of Brasília in the capital of the Federative Republic of Brazil, is an expression of the architect Oscar Niemeyer. This concrete-framed hyperboloid structure, seems with its glass roof reaching up, open, to the heavens. On 31 May 1970, the Cathedral’s structure was finished, and only the 70 m (229.66 ft) diameter of the circular area were visible. Niemeyer's project of Cathedral of Brasília is based in the hyperboloid of revolution which sections are asymmetric. The hyperboloid structure itself is a result of 16 identical assembled concrete columns. These columns, having hyperbolic section and weighing 90 t, represent two hands moving upwards to heaven. The Cathedral was dedicated on 31 May 1970.

question: Who designed the Cathedral of Brasília?, answer: Oscar Niemeyer | question: What type of structure is the Cathedral of Brasília?, answer: concrete-framed hyperboloid | question: When was the Cathedral of Brasília dedicated?, answer: 31 May 1970 | question: How many identical columns are used in the Cathedral of Brasília?, answer: 16 | question: How much do the Cathedral of Brasília's columns weigh?, answer: 90 t
The Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions. What began with rules ("canons") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusalem in the first century has developed into a highly complex legal system encapsulating not just norms of the New Testament, but some elements of the Hebrew (Old Testament), Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic legal traditions.

question: What entity believes itself to have the longest standing internal mechanism of laws in Western Europe?, answer: The Catholic Church | question: What is a legal system older than Catholic law?, answer: Roman law | question: What is the term for laws produced at the Council of Jerusalem?, answer: canons | question: When was the Council of Jerusalem held?, answer: first century | question: Apart from the Old and New Testaments, which other cultures influenced canon?, answer: Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic
The Catholic Church prevailed across Europe at this time, influencing not only faith but also wealth and power. Bishops were appointed by the feudal lords (kings, dukes and other landowners) and they often ruled as virtual princes over large estates. The early Medieval periods had seen a rapid growth in monasticism, with several different orders being prevalent and spreading their influence widely. Foremost were the Benedictines whose great abbey churches vastly outnumbered any others in France and England. A part of their influence was that towns developed around them and they became centers of culture, learning and commerce. The Cluniac and Cistercian Orders were prevalent in France, the great monastery at Cluny having established a formula for a well planned monastic site which was then to influence all subsequent monastic building for many centuries.

question: What church was widespread across Europe at this time?, answer: The Catholic Church | question: Who were bishops appointed by?, answer: by the feudal lords (kings, dukes and other landowners) | question: Which periods saw a quick growth in Monasticism?, answer: The early Medieval periods | question: What types of church were the Benedictines known for?, answer: great abbey churches | question: What is one type of Benedictine order that was common in France?, answer: Cistercian Orders
The Catholic Church uses wine in the celebration of the Eucharist because it is part of the tradition passed down through the ages starting with Jesus Christ at the Last Supper, where Catholics believe the consecrated bread and wine literally become the body and blood of Jesus Christ, a dogma known as transubstantiation. Wine is used (not grape juice) both due to its strong Scriptural roots, and also to follow the tradition set by the early Christian Church. The Code of Canon Law of the Catholic Church (1983), Canon 924 says that the wine used must be natural, made from grapes of the vine, and not corrupt. In some circumstances, a priest may obtain special permission to use grape juice for the consecration, however this is extremely rare and typically requires sufficient impetus to warrant such a dispensation, such as personal health of the priest.

question: What church uses wine to celebrate the Eucharist?, answer: The Catholic Church | question: When was Jesus Christ known to have used wine in celebration?, answer: the Last Supper | question: Where in the Code of Canon Law does it say that wine must be natural and not corrupt?, answer: Canon 924 | question: What may a priest use in place of wine for consecration for health reasons?, answer: grape juice | question: What is the Catholic dogma known as that believes that consecrated bread and wine from the Last Supper literally became the body and blood of Jesus Christ?, answer: transubstantiation
The Celts who settled in Galatia came through Thrace under the leadership of Leotarios and Leonnorios circa 270 BC. They were defeated by Seleucus I in the 'battle of the Elephants', but were still able to establish a Celtic territory in central Anatolia. The Galatians were well respected as warriors and were widely used as mercenaries in the armies of the successor states. They continued to attack neighboring kingdoms such as Bithynia and Pergamon, plundering and extracting tribute. This came to an end when they sided with the renegade Seleucid prince Antiochus Hierax who tried to defeat Attalus, the ruler of Pergamon (241–197 BC). Attalus severely defeated the Gauls, forcing them to confine themselves to Galatia. The theme of the Dying Gaul (a famous statue displayed in Pergamon) remained a favorite in Hellenistic art for a generation signifying the victory of the Greeks over a noble enemy. In the early 2nd century BC, the Galatians became allies of Antiochus the Great, the last Seleucid king trying to regain suzerainty over Asia Minor. In 189 BC, Rome sent Gnaeus Manlius Vulso on an expedition against the Galatians. Galatia was henceforth dominated by Rome through regional rulers from 189 BC onward.

question: Where did the Celts who settled in Galatia pass through?, answer: Thrace | question: What battle did the Celts lose to Seleucus I?, answer: battle of the Elephants | question: What famous statue signified the victory of the Greeks over a worthy enemy?, answer: Dying Gaul | question: What century did the Galatians become allies of Antiochus the Great?, answer: 2nd century BC | question: Who sent Gnaeus Manlius Vulso on an expedition against the Galatians?, answer: Rome
The Cenozoic Era covers the 66 million years since the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event up to and including the present day. By the end of the Mesozoic era, the continents had rifted into nearly their present form. Laurasia became North America and Eurasia, while Gondwana split into South America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica and the Indian subcontinent, which collided with the Asian plate. This impact gave rise to the Himalayas. The Tethys Sea, which had separated the northern continents from Africa and India, began to close up, forming the Mediterranean sea.

question: How many years long was the Cenozoic Era?, answer: 66 million years | question: Which extinction marked the beginning of the Cenozoic Era?, answer: Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event | question: What geologic period are we in currently?, answer: Cenozoic Era | question: At the end of which era had the continents taken roughly their current shape?, answer: Mesozoic | question: The collision of the Indian sub continent and the Asian plate created which mountain range?, answer: the Himalayas
The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $30,237 (with a margin of error of +/- $2,354) and the median family income was $35,488 (+/- $2,607). Males had a median income of $32,207 (+/- $1,641) versus $29,298 (+/- $1,380) for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,069 (+/- $2,532). About 23.1% of families and 25.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.6% of those under age 18 and 16.8% of those age 65 or over.

question: How much was the median household income according to the American Community Survey?, answer: $30,237 | question: How much was the median family income according to the American Community Survey?, answer: $35,488 | question: How much was the median income for males according to the American Community Survey?, answer: $32,207 | question: What was the per capita income for the city?, answer: $20,069 | question: What percentage of the population was below the poverty line?, answer: 25.3%
The Central African Republic (CAR; Sango: Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka; French: République centrafricaine pronounced: [ʁepyblik sɑ̃tʁafʁikɛn], or Centrafrique [sɑ̃tʀafʁik]) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo to the south and Cameroon to the west. The CAR covers a land area of about 620,000 square kilometres (240,000 sq mi) and had an estimated population of around 4.7 million as of 2014[update].

question: Where is the Central African Republic located?, answer: Central Africa | question: What country borders CAR in the North?, answer: Chad | question: What Country borders CAR in the South?, answer: the Republic of the Congo | question: What Country borders CAR in the West?, answer: Cameroon | question: What is the population of CAR approximately?, answer: 4.7 million
The Central Bank of Liberia is responsible for printing and maintaining the Liberian dollar, which is the primary form of currency in Liberia. Liberia is one of the world's poorest countries, with a formal employment rate of 15%. GDP per capita peaked in 1980 at US$496, when it was comparable to Egypt's (at the time). In 2011, the country's nominal GDP was US$1.154 billion, while nominal GDP per capita stood at US$297, the third-lowest in the world. Historically, the Liberian economy has depended heavily on foreign aid, foreign direct investment and exports of natural resources such as iron ore, rubber and timber.

question: What is the central bank of Liberia responsible for?, answer: printing and maintaining the Liberian dollar | question: What is Liberia considered around the world economically?, answer: one of the world's poorest countries | question: What is Liberia's employment rate?, answer: 15% | question: The GDP peaked in 1980 at what amount?, answer: US$496 | question: What does Liberia's economy heavily depends on?, answer: foreign aid
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a quasi-independent agency of the United States Government. It appears to have multiple leadership. On the one hand its director is appointed by the president. It plays a significant role in providing the president with intelligence. On the other hand, Congress oversees its operations through a committee. The CIA was first formed under the National Security Act of 1947 from the army's Office of Strategic Services (OSS), which furnished both military intelligence and clandestine military operations to the army during the crisis of World War II. Many revisions and redefinitions have taken place since then. Although the name of the CIA reflects the original advised intent of Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, the government's needs for strategic services have frustrated that intent from the beginning. The press received by the agency in countless articles, novels and other media have tended to create various popular myths; for example, that this agency replaced any intelligence effort other than that of the OSS, or that it contains the central intelligence capability of the United States. Strategic services are officially provided by some 17 agencies called the Intelligence Community. Army intelligence did not come to an end; in fact, all the branches of the Armed Forces retained their intelligence services. This community is currently under the leadership (in addition to all its other leadership) of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence.

question: What is a quasi-independent agency of the United States Government?, answer: The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) | question: The CIA appears to have what?, answer: multiple leadership | question: Who appoints the director of the CIA?, answer: the president | question: Who oversees the operations of the CIA?, answer: Congress
The Centre For Co-Curricular Studies provides elective subjects and language courses outside the field of science for students in the other faculties and departments. Students are encouraged to take these classes either for credit or in their own time, and in some departments this is mandatory. Courses exist in a wide range of topics including philosophy, ethics in science and technology, history, modern literature and drama, art in the 20th century, film studies. Language courses are available in French, German, Japanese, Italian, Russian, Spanish, Arabic and Mandarin Chinese. The Centre For Co-Curricular Studies is home to the Science Communication Unit which offers master's degrees in Science Communication and Science Media Production for science graduates.

question: Which centre provides electives outside of science for students?, answer: Centre For Co-Curricular Studies | question: Outside of doing it on their own time, what other motivation could students have to take non mandatory electives?, answer: credit | question: Which unit is a part of the Co-Curricular Studies that offers master's degrees?, answer: Science Communication Unit | question: Scientists seeking a master's degree might be interested in which other degree besides Science Communication from the Science Communication Unit?, answer: Science Media Production
The Centro Nacional de las Artes (National Center for the Arts has several venues for music, theatre, dance. UNAM's main campus, also in the southern part of the city, is home to the Centro Cultural Universitario (the University Culture Center) (CCU). The CCU also houses the National Library, the interactive Universum, Museo de las Ciencias, the Sala Nezahualcóyotl concert hall, several theatres and cinemas, and the new University Museum of Contemporary Art (MUAC). A branch of the National University's CCU cultural center was inaugurated in 2007 in the facilities of the former Ministry of Foreign Affairs, known as Tlatelolco, in north-central Mexico City.

question: Where is the Centro Cultural Universitario?, answer: UNAM's main campus | question: The CCU holds, in addition to a music theater, what?, answer: National Library | question: The former Ministry of Foreign Affairs had a cultural center opened in what year?, answer: 2007 | question: What is the name of the CCU center opened in 2007?, answer: Tlatelolco | question: Where is Tlatelolco located?, answer: north-central Mexico City
The Chalukya Empire (Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು [tʃaːɭukjə]) was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries. During this period, they ruled as three related yet individual dynasties. The earliest dynasty, known as the "Badami Chalukyas", ruled from Vatapi (modern Badami) from the middle of the 6th century. The Badami Chalukyas began to assert their independence at the decline of the Kadamba kingdom of Banavasi and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of Pulakeshin II. The rule of the Chalukyas marks an important milestone in the history of South India and a golden age in the history of Karnataka. The political atmosphere in South India shifted from smaller kingdoms to large empires with the ascendancy of Badami Chalukyas. A Southern India-based kingdom took control and consolidated the entire region between the Kaveri and the Narmada rivers. The rise of this empire saw the birth of efficient administration, overseas trade and commerce and the development of new style of architecture called "Chalukyan architecture". The Chalukya dynasty ruled parts of southern and central India from Badami in Karnataka between 550 and 750, and then again from Kalyani between 970 and 1190.

question: When did the Chalukya Empire rule?, answer: 6th and the 12th centuries | question: What portion of India did the Chalukya Empire rule?, answer: southern and central | question: What style of architecture developed during the Chaluka reigns?, answer: Chalukyan architecture | question: When did the Chalukyans rule from Badami?, answer: 550 and 750 | question: When was the second reign of Chalukyans?, answer: 970 and 1190
The Chamorros, Guam's indigenous people, settled the island approximately 4,000 years ago. Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan was the first European to visit the island on March 6, 1521. Guam was colonized in 1668 with settlers, like Diego Luis de San Vitores, a Catholic missionary. Between the 1500s and the 1700s, Guam was an important stopover for the Spanish Manila Galleons. During the Spanish–American War, the United States captured Guam on June 21, 1898. Under the Treaty of Paris, Spain ceded Guam to the United States on December 10, 1898. Guam is amongst the seventeen Non-Self-Governing Territories of the United Nations.

question: What is the official name given for Guam's indigenous people?, answer: Chamorros | question: When did Guam's indigenous people first arrive?, answer: 4,000 years ago | question: Who was the first European to visit the island?, answer: Ferdinand Magellan | question: What year was Guam colonized?, answer: 1668 | question: What year did the United States capture Guam?, answer: 1898
The Charaka Samhita, thought to have been written between 300 and 500 AD, mentions a metal which, when oxidized, produces pushpanjan, thought to be zinc oxide. Zinc mines at Zawar, near Udaipur in India, have been active since the Mauryan period. The smelting of metallic zinc here, however, appears to have begun around the 12th century AD. One estimate is that this location produced an estimated million tonnes of metallic zinc and zinc oxide from the 12th to 16th centuries. Another estimate gives a total production of 60,000 tonnes of metallic zinc over this period. The Rasaratna Samuccaya, written in approximately the 13th century AD, mentions two types of zinc-containing ores: one used for metal extraction and another used for medicinal purposes.

question: Zinc oxide is believed to be mentioned in what ancient text?, answer: The Charaka Samhita | question: Active zinc mines in India date back to what period?, answer: Mauryan period | question: What process occurred around the 12th century?, answer: smelting of metallic zinc | question: When was the Rasaratna Samuccaya written?, answer: 13th century AD, | question: What are the two uses of zinc ore mentioned in the Rasaratna Samuccaya?, answer: metal extraction and another used for medicinal purposes
The Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of three counties: Charleston, Berkeley, and Dorchester. As of the 2013 U.S. Census, the metropolitan statistical area had a total population of 712,239 people. North Charleston is the second-largest city in the Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area and ranks as the third-largest city in the state; Mount Pleasant and Summerville are the next-largest cities. These cities combined with other incorporated and unincorporated areas along with the city of Charleston form the Charleston-North Charleston Urban Area with a population of 548,404 as of 2010. The metropolitan statistical area also includes a separate and much smaller urban area within Berkeley County, Moncks Corner (with a 2000 population of 9,123).

question: How many people lived in the Charleston=North Charleston Urban Area in 2010?, answer: 548,404 | question: What is the third largest city in South Carolina?, answer: North Charleston | question: How many people lived in Moncks Corner in 2000?, answer: 9,123 | question: Charleston and Berkeley is combined with what other county to form a metropolitan statistical area?, answer: Dorchester | question: In which county is Moncks Corner located?, answer: Berkeley County
The Cherokee Nation instigated a 10-year language preservation plan that involved growing new fluent speakers of the Cherokee language from childhood on up through school immersion programs as well as a collaborative community effort to continue to use the language at home. This plan was part of an ambitious goal that in 50 years, 80% or more of the Cherokee people will be fluent in the language. The Cherokee Preservation Foundation has invested $3 million into opening schools, training teachers, and developing curricula for language education, as well as initiating community gatherings where the language can be actively used. There is a Cherokee language immersion school in Tahlequah, Oklahoma that educates students from pre-school through eighth grade. Graduates are fluent speakers of the language. Several universities offer Cherokee as a second language, including the University of Oklahoma and Northeastern State University.

question: Which Native American group is involved in a language preservation project?, answer: Cherokee Nation | question: What percent of Cherokee people are desired to be fluent in Cherokee?, answer: 80% or more | question: What group runs the Cherokee language preservation project?, answer: Cherokee Preservation Foundation | question: How much has the Cherokee Preservation Foundation spent on schools?, answer: $3 million | question: Where is there a Cherokee immersion school?, answer: Tahlequah, Oklahoma
The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team located on the North Side of Chicago, Illinois. The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a members of the National League (NL) Central division; the team plays its home baseball games at Wrigley Field. The Cubs are also one of two active major league teams based in Chicago; the other is the Chicago White Sox, who are a member of the American League (AL) Central division. The team is currently owned by Thomas S. Ricketts, son of TD Ameritrade founder Joe Ricketts.

question: What American professional baseball team is located on the North side of Chicago, IL?, answer: The Chicago Cubs | question: What league are the Chicago Cubs in?, answer: the National League | question: Where do the Chicago Cubs play their home games?, answer: Wrigley Field | question: Who currently owns the Chicago Cubs?, answer: Joe Ricketts
The Chicago Cubs have not won a World Series championship since 1908, and have not appeared in the Fall Classic since 1945, although between their postseason appearance in 1984 and their most recent in 2015, they have made the postseason seven times. 107 seasons is the longest championship drought in all four of the major North American professional sports leagues, which also includes the National Football League (NFL), the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the National Hockey League (NHL). In fact, the Cubs' last World Series title occurred before those other three leagues even existed, and even the Cubs' last World Series appearance predates the founding of the NBA. The much publicized drought was concurrent to championship droughts by the Boston Red Sox and the Chicago White Sox, who both had over 80 years between championships. It is this unfortunate distinction that has led to the club often being known as "The Lovable Losers." The team was one win away from breaking what is often called the "Curse of the Billy Goat" in 1984 and 2003 (Steve Bartman incident), but was unable get the victory that would send it to the World Series.

question: What is the longest championship drought in all four of the major North American professional sports leagues?, answer: 107 seasons | question: The championship drought has led to the Chicago Cubs being know as what?, answer: The Lovable Losers | question: When was the last time the Chicago Cubs appeared in the Fall Classic?, answer: 1945 | question: When was the last time the Chicago Cubs win a World Series championship?, answer: 1908