lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
New Haven's economy originally was based in manufacturing, but the postwar period brought rapid industrial decline; the entire Northeast was affected, and medium-sized cities with large working-class populations, like New Haven, were hit particularly hard. Simultaneously, the growth and expansion of Yale University further affected the economic shift. Today, over half (56%) of the city's economy is now made up of services, in particular education and health care; Yale is the city's largest employer, followed by Yale – New Haven Hospital. Other large employers include St. Raphael Hospital, Smilow Cancer Hospital, Southern Connecticut State University, Assa Abloy Manufacturing, the Knights of Columbus headquarters, Higher One, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Covidien and United Illuminating. Yale and Yale-New Haven are also among the largest employers in the state, and provide more $100,000+-salaried positions than any other employer in Connecticut.[citation needed]

question: What sector originally provided the largest contribution to New Haven's economy?, answer: manufacturing | question: What entity serves as the largest employer in New Haven?, answer: Yale | question: What percentage of New Haven's economy is based in services grounded in health care and education?, answer: 56% | question: What is the second largest employer in New Haven?, answer: Yale – New Haven Hospital | question: What pharmaceutical company serves as a large employment provider for New Haven?, answer: Alexion | question: New Haven relied on what in terms of growth and economy?, answer: manufacturing | question: Was the city the only one that suffer a decline within the manufacturing sector?, answer: entire Northeast was affected | question: In modern day how much does New Haven depend on blue collar jobs?, answer: over half (56%) | question: What institution has largest impact on the city's job market?, answer: Yale
New Haven's greatest culinary claim to fame may be its pizza, which has been claimed to be among the best in the country, or even in the world. New Haven-style pizza, called "apizza" (pronounced ah-BEETS, [aˈpitts] in the original Italian dialect), made its debut at the iconic Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana (known as Pepe's) in 1925. Apizza is baked in coal- or wood-fired brick ovens, and is notable for its thin crust. Apizza may be red (with a tomato-based sauce) or white (with a sauce of garlic and olive oil), and pies ordered "plain" are made without the otherwise customary mozzarella cheese (originally smoked mozzarella, known as "scamorza" in Italian). A white clam pie is a well-known specialty of the restaurants on Wooster Street in the Little Italy section of New Haven, including Pepe's and Sally's Apizza (which opened in 1938). Modern Apizza on State Street, which opened in 1934, is also well-known.

question: What dish is commonly considered to be penultimate culinary achievement in New Haven?, answer: New Haven-style pizza | question: What is the colloquial term afforded to New Haven-style pizza?, answer: "apizza" | question: At what New Haven establishment did "apizza" make it's inaugural appearance in 1925?, answer: Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana | question: What ingredient is notably absent from a New Haven-style pizza when ordered plain?, answer: mozzarella cheese | question: In what section of New Haven would one expect to find an outstanding white clam pie pizza on Wooster Street?, answer: Little Italy | question: New Haven, in terms of food is best known for what?, answer: pizza | question: Where did New Haven pizza style originated from?, answer: Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana | question: In general what are "apizza" known for?, answer: its thin crust | question: White clam pie is found in what district of New Haven?, answer: Wooster Street in the Little Italy section | question: In what year was New Haven-style pizza found?, answer: 1925
New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state; however, the state has no official language. New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English. Although English is the state government's paper working language, government business is often conducted in Spanish, particularly at the local level. Spanish has been spoken in the New Mexico-Colorado border and the contemporary U.S.–Mexico border since the 16th century.[citation needed]

question: Does New Mexico have an official language?, answer: the state has no official language. | question: What language is New Mexico's language written in?, answer: New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English. | question: How long has New Mexico been speaking Spanish?, answer: Spanish has been spoken in the New Mexico-Colorado border and the contemporary U.S.–Mexico border since the 16th century | question: Is New Mexico known for the Spanish language?, answer: New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state
New York, Illinois, and California are the most significant states that have not adopted the FRCP. Furthermore, all three states continue to maintain most of their civil procedure laws in the form of codified statutes enacted by the state legislature, as opposed to court rules promulgated by the state supreme court, on the ground that the latter are undemocratic. But certain key portions of their civil procedure laws have been modified by their legislatures to bring them closer to federal civil procedure.

question: Which states have not adopted FRCP?, answer: New York, Illinois, and California are the most significant | question: How do New York, Illinois and California maintain civil procedure laws?, answer: codified statutes enacted by the state legislature | question: What should New York, Illinois and California be using instead of codified statutes?, answer: court rules promulgated by the state supreme court
New Zealand has a strong hunting culture. The islands making up New Zealand originally had no land mammals apart from bats. However, once Europeans arrived, game animals were introduced by acclimatisation societies to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource. Deer, pigs, goats, rabbits, hare, tahr and chamois all adapted well to the New Zealand terrain, and with no natural predators, their population exploded. Government agencies view the animals as pests due to their effects on the natural environment and on agricultural production, but hunters view them as a resource.

question: What does New Zealand have?, answer: strong hunting culture | question: What was the only land mammal native to New Zealand?, answer: bats | question: Why were game animals introduced by acclimatisation societies?, answer: to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource | question: Why did the population of pigs and rabbits explode in New Zealand?, answer: no natural predators | question: What do government agencies view the animals as?, answer: pests | question: What country has a strong hunting culture?, answer: New Zealand | question: What were the the only land mammal in New Zealand?, answer: bats | question: What is New Zealand made up of?, answer: islands | question: Game animals were introduced here by whom?, answer: acclimatisation societies | question: What resulted having no natural predators for the animals introduced?, answer: their population exploded
New Zealand has an annual quota of 75 Tuvaluans granted work permits under the Pacific Access Category, as announced in 2001. The applicants register for the Pacific Access Category (PAC) ballots; the primary criteria is that the principal applicant must have a job offer from a New Zealand employer. Tuvaluans also have access to seasonal employment in the horticulture and viticulture industries in New Zealand under the Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) Work Policy introduced in 2007 allowing for employment of up to 5,000 workers from Tuvalu and other Pacific islands. Tuvaluans can participate in the Australian Pacific Seasonal Worker Program, which allows Pacific Islanders to obtain seasonal employment in the Australian agriculture industry, in particular cotton and cane operations; fishing industry, in particular aquaculture; and with accommodation providers in the tourism industry.

question: What is New Zealand's annual quota of Tuvaluan granted work permits?, answer: 75 | question: What must a Tuvaluan have to be considered for a work permit in New Zealand?, answer: job offer | question: How many Pacific islander seasonal workers are permitted?, answer: 5,000 | question: What is the program that allows season employees work permits?, answer: Australian Pacific Seasonal Worker Program | question: What program was introduced in 2007 for season workers in New Zealand?, answer: Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) Work Policy
New Zealander George Hudson proposed the modern idea of daylight saving in 1895. Germany and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on 30 April 1916. Many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s.

question: Who first suggested daylight saving?, answer: George Hudson | question: From what country did George Hudson hail?, answer: New Zealand | question: In what year was modern daylight saving first proposed?, answer: 1895 | question: Besides Austria-Hungary, what country first put DST into effect?, answer: Germany
New characters can in principle be coined at any time, just as new words can be, but they may not be adopted. Significant historically recent coinages date to scientific terms of the 19th century. Specifically, Chinese coined new characters for chemical elements – see chemical elements in East Asian languages – which continue to be used and taught in schools in China and Taiwan. In Japan, in the Meiji era (specifically, late 19th century), new characters were coined for some (but not all) SI units, such as 粁 (米 "meter" + 千 "thousand, kilo-") for kilometer. These kokuji (Japanese-coinages) have found use in China as well – see Chinese characters for SI units for details.

question: What can be coined at any time?, answer: New characters | question: What may not be adopted?, answer: new words | question: What are also known as Japanese-coinages?, answer: kokuji
New chemical glass compositions or new treatment techniques can be initially investigated in small-scale laboratory experiments. The raw materials for laboratory-scale glass melts are often different from those used in mass production because the cost factor has a low priority. In the laboratory mostly pure chemicals are used. Care must be taken that the raw materials have not reacted with moisture or other chemicals in the environment (such as alkali or alkaline earth metal oxides and hydroxides, or boron oxide), or that the impurities are quantified (loss on ignition). Evaporation losses during glass melting should be considered during the selection of the raw materials, e.g., sodium selenite may be preferred over easily evaporating SeO2. Also, more readily reacting raw materials may be preferred over relatively inert ones, such as Al(OH)3 over Al2O3. Usually, the melts are carried out in platinum crucibles to reduce contamination from the crucible material. Glass homogeneity is achieved by homogenizing the raw materials mixture (glass batch), by stirring the melt, and by crushing and re-melting the first melt. The obtained glass is usually annealed to prevent breakage during processing.

question: What material is useful in glassmaking because of its slow evaporation?, answer: sodium selenite | question: What containers are used for melting?, answer: platinum crucibles | question: Why are different materials used in a lab than are used in factory production?, answer: the cost factor has a low priority | question: What is the reason for crushing the glass and melting it again?, answer: homogeneity | question: Why is glass annealed?, answer: to prevent breakage
New claims on Antarctica have been suspended since 1959 although Norway in 2015 formally defined Queen Maud Land as including the unclaimed area between it and the South Pole. Antarctica's status is regulated by the 1959 Antarctic Treaty and other related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System. Antarctica is defined as all land and ice shelves south of 60° S for the purposes of the Treaty System. The treaty was signed by twelve countries including the Soviet Union (and later Russia), the United Kingdom, Argentina, Chile, Australia, and the United States. It set aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve, established freedom of scientific investigation and environmental protection, and banned military activity on Antarctica. This was the first arms control agreement established during the Cold War.

question: Since what year have claims been suspended in Antarctica?, answer: 1959 | question: What document regulates Antarctica's status?, answer: Antarctic Treaty System | question: What latitude is defined as being Antarctica's border?, answer: south of 60° S | question: How many countries signed the treaty protecting Antarctica from claims?, answer: twelve | question: What does the treaty set Antarctica aside as?, answer: scientific preserve
New developments in Judaism often transcend differences in religious practice between Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews. In North American cities, social trends such as the chavurah movement, and the emergence of "post-denominational Judaism" often bring together younger Jews of diverse ethnic backgrounds. In recent years, there has been increased interest in Kabbalah, which many Ashkenazi Jews study outside of the Yeshiva framework. Another trend is the new popularity of ecstatic worship in the Jewish Renewal movement and the Carlebach style minyan, both of which are nominally of Ashkenazi origin.

question: What two things were mentioned as contributing to bringing younger Jews together in North American cities?, answer: social trends such as the chavurah movement, and the emergence of "post-denominational Judaism" | question: What do many Ashkenazi Jews study outside of the Yeshiva framework?, answer: Kabbalah | question: Which new trend has been associated with the Jewish Renewal movement?, answer: ecstatic worship
New domestic housing in many parts of the world today is commonly made from timber-framed construction. Engineered wood products are becoming a bigger part of the construction industry. They may be used in both residential and commercial buildings as structural and aesthetic materials.

question: What type of construction is often used now to build homes in much of the world?, answer: timber-framed | question: In addition to residential applications, what type of buildings often have engineered wood components?, answer: commercial | question: Along with decorative components, what type of building materials can be engineered from wood?, answer: structural | question: What industry benefits greatly from engineered wood products?, answer: construction
New features and functionality in Windows 8 include a faster startup through UEFI integration and the new "Hybrid Boot" mode (which hibernates the Windows kernel on shutdown to speed up the subsequent boot), a new lock screen with a clock and notifications, and the ability for enterprise users to create live USB versions of Windows (known as Windows To Go). Windows 8 also adds native support for USB 3.0 devices, which allow for faster data transfers and improved power management with compatible devices, and hard disk 4KB Advanced Format support, as well as support for near field communication to facilitate sharing and communication between devices.

question: What happens during Hybrid Boot mode?, answer: hibernates the Windows kernel on shutdown to speed up the subsequent boot | question: What are the benefits of USB 3.0?, answer: faster data transfers and improved power management | question: What is the point of near field communications?, answer: to facilitate sharing and communication between devices | question: What is Windows to Go?, answer: live USB versions of Windows | question: What features were added to the lock screen?, answer: clock and notifications
New government spending, regulation, and policies helped the industry weather the 2009 economic crisis better than many other sectors. Most notably, U.S. President Barack Obama's American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 included more than $70 billion in direct spending and tax credits for clean energy and associated transportation programs. This policy-stimulus combination represents the largest federal commitment in U.S. history for renewables, advanced transportation, and energy conservation initiatives. Based on these new rules, many more utilities strengthened their clean-energy programs. Clean Edge suggests that the commercialization of clean energy will help countries around the world deal with the current economic malaise. Once-promising solar energy company, Solyndra, became involved in a political controversy involving U.S. President Barack Obama's administration's authorization of a $535 million loan guarantee to the Corporation in 2009 as part of a program to promote alternative energy growth. The company ceased all business activity, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, and laid-off nearly all of its employees in early September 2011.

question: What helped the industry weather the 2009 economic crisis better than other sectors?, answer: New government spending, regulation, and policies | question: What suggests that the commercialization of clean energy will hellp countries deal with economic malaise?, answer: commercialization of clean energy | question: Which company became invovled in a political controversy?, answer: Solyndra | question: What company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy?, answer: Solyndra
New or "virgin" heavy/heavyweight (180–220 g) vinyl is commonly used for modern audiophile vinyl releases in all genres. Many collectors prefer to have heavyweight vinyl albums, which have been reported to have better sound than normal vinyl because of their higher tolerance against deformation caused by normal play. 180 g vinyl is more expensive to produce only because it uses more vinyl. Manufacturing processes are identical regardless of weight. In fact, pressing lightweight records requires more care. An exception is the propensity of 200 g pressings to be slightly more prone to non-fill, when the vinyl biscuit does not sufficiently fill a deep groove during pressing (percussion or vocal amplitude changes are the usual locations of these artifacts). This flaw causes a grinding or scratching sound at the non-fill point.

question: What is the most used material for modern audiophile vinyl releases?, answer: New or "virgin" heavy/heavyweight (180–220 g) vinyl | question: What is the material preference of collectors?, answer: heavyweight vinyl | question: How does the manufacturing process differ between heavyweight and normal vinyl?, answer: Manufacturing processes are identical | question: Would would a non filled area in a vinyl press cause when listening to a record?, answer: grinding or scratching sound | question: Which pressing of vinyl require more attention to detail, lightweight or heavyweight?, answer: lightweight records requires more care
New security features in Windows 8 include two new authentication methods tailored towards touchscreens (PINs and picture passwords), the addition of antivirus capabilities to Windows Defender (bringing it in parity with Microsoft Security Essentials). SmartScreen filtering integrated into Windows, Family Safety offers Parental controls, which allows parents to monitor and manage their children's activities on a device with activity reports and safety controls. Windows 8 also provides integrated system recovery through the new "Refresh" and "Reset" functions, including system recovery from USB drive. Windows 8's first security patches would be released on November 13, 2012; it would contain three fixes deemed "critical" by the company.

question: What new security features did Windows 8 provide?, answer: PINs and picture passwords | question: What were the new security features in Windows 8 geared at?, answer: touchscreens | question: What options do Parental controls provide?, answer: allows parents to monitor and manage their children's activities on a device with activity reports and safety controls | question: What new recovery options did Windows 8 implement?, answer: "Refresh" and "Reset" functions, including system recovery from USB drive | question: When was the first Windows 8 patch sent out?, answer: November 13, 2012
Newly electrified lines often show a "sparks effect", whereby electrification in passenger rail systems leads to significant jumps in patronage / revenue. The reasons may include electric trains being seen as more modern and attractive to ride, faster and smoother service, and the fact that electrification often goes hand in hand with a general infrastructure and rolling stock overhaul / replacement, which leads to better service quality (in a way that theoretically could also be achieved by doing similar upgrades yet without electrification). Whatever the causes of the sparks effect, it is well established for numerous routes that have electrified over decades.

question: What can be seen in the newly electrified lines?, answer: "sparks effect" | question: What can electrification of modern trains effect?, answer: patronage / revenue | question: How can better service quality be achieved?, answer: rolling stock overhaul / replacement
News of this arrived in Europe, where Britain and France unsuccessfully attempted to negotiate a solution. The two nations eventually dispatched regular troops to North America to enforce their claims. The first British action was the assault on Acadia on 16 June 1755 in the Battle of Fort Beauséjour, which was immediately followed by their expulsion of the Acadians. In July British Major General Edward Braddock led about 2,000 army troops and provincial militia on an expedition to retake Fort Duquesne, but the expedition ended in disastrous defeat. In further action, Admiral Edward Boscawen fired on the French ship Alcide on 8 June 1755, capturing it and two troop ships. In September 1755, French and British troops met in the inconclusive Battle of Lake George.

question: Which country dispatched regular troops to North America?, answer: Britain and France | question: What was the result of the British attack on Ft Duquesne?, answer: the expedition ended in disastrous defeat | question: Who led the British assault on Ft. Duquesne?, answer: British Major General Edward Braddock | question: What was the result of the naval encounter between Britain and France?, answer: Admiral Edward Boscawen fired on the French ship Alcide on 8 June 1755, capturing it and two troop ships | question: Who won the Battle of Lake George?, answer: inconclusive
Next to sound shifts, there are ample examples of suffix differences. Often simple suffix shifts (like switching between -the, -ske, -ke, -je, ...), sometimes the suffixes even depend on quite specific grammar rules for a certain dialect. Again taking West Flemish as an example. In that language, the words "ja" (yes) and "nee" (no) are also conjugated to the (often implicit) subject of the sentence. These separate grammar rules are a lot more difficult to imitate correctly than simple sound shifts, making it easy to recognise people who didn't grow up in a certain region, even decades after they moved.

question: What's the West Flemish word for "no"?, answer: nee | question: How would you tell a West Flemish speaker "yes"?, answer: ja | question: What piece of a sentence does West Flemish match the case of a "yes" or "no" to?, answer: subject | question: Would linguistic differences make it difficult or easy to point out someone who moved from a different region of the Netherlands?, answer: easy | question: Which is easier for a non-native speaker to imitate: grammar rules or sound shifts?, answer: sound shifts