lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The majority of simplified characters are drawn from conventional abbreviated forms, or ancient standard forms. For example, the orthodox character 來 lái ("come") was written with the structure 来 in the clerical script (隶书 / 隸書, lìshū) of the Han dynasty. This clerical form uses one fewer stroke, and was thus adopted as a simplified form. The character 雲 yún ("cloud") was written with the structure 云 in the oracle bone script of the Shang dynasty, and had remained in use later as a phonetic loan in the meaning of "to say" while the 雨 radical was added to differentiate meanings. The simplified form adopts the original structure.

question: What are drawn from conventional abbreviated forms?, answer: majority of simplified characters | question: What was written with the structure in the clerical script?, answer: orthodox character | question: What script uses one fewer stroke?, answer: clerical script
The majority of the citizens of the Marshall Islands are of Marshallese descent, though there are small numbers of immigrants from the United States, China, Philippines and other Pacific islands. The two official languages are Marshallese, which is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, and English. Almost the entire population of the islands practises some religion, with three-quarters of the country either following the United Church of Christ – Congregational in the Marshall Islands (UCCCMI) or the Assemblies of God.

question: What is the ethnicity of most people living in the Marshall Islands?, answer: Marshallese | question: What family of languages does Marshallese belong to?, answer: Malayo-Polynesian | question: What does UCCCMI stand for?, answer: United Church of Christ – Congregational in the Marshall Islands | question: Aside from UCCCMI, what is the other major religious denomination of the Marshall Islands?, answer: the Assemblies of God | question: From what non-Asian nation do some people living in the Marshall Islands come?, answer: the United States | question: Of what ancestry are most Marshall Islands citizens?, answer: Marshallese | question: Along with Marshallese, what is the official language of the Marshall Islands?, answer: English | question: Of what language group is the Marshallese language?, answer: Malayo-Polynesian | question: What fraction of Marshall Islands residents are religious?, answer: three-quarters | question: Along with the United Church of Christ and the UCCCMI, what is a main religion of the Marshall Islands?, answer: the Assemblies of God
The majority of the province's population is Han Chinese, who are found scattered throughout the region with the exception of the far western areas. Thus, significant minorities of Tibetan, Yi, Qiang and Nakhi people reside in the western portion that are impacted by inclement weather and natural disasters, environmentally fragile, and impoverished. Sichuan's capital of Chengdu is home to a large community of Tibetans, with 30,000 permanent Tibetan residents and up to 200,000 Tibetan floating population. The Eastern Lipo, included with either the Yi or the Lisu people, as well as the A-Hmao, also are among the ethnic groups of the provinces.

question: What race is the majority of Sichuan?, answer: Han Chinese | question: What is one of the largest minorities in Chengdu?, answer: Tibetan | question: Which part of Sichuan has the worst weather and subjected to natural disasters?, answer: far western areas. | question: How many permanent Tibetan people live in Chengdu?, answer: 30,000
The majority of the world's airports are non-towered, with no air traffic control presence. Busy airports have air traffic control (ATC) system. All airports use a traffic pattern to assure smooth traffic flow between departing and arriving aircraft. There are a number of aids available to pilots, though not all airports are equipped with them. Many airports have lighting that help guide planes using the runways and taxiways at night or in rain, snow, or fog. In the U.S. and Canada, the vast majority of airports, large and small, will either have some form of automated airport weather station, a human observer or a combination of the two. Air safety is an important concern in the operation of an airport, and airports often have their own safety services.

question: What does ATC stand for?, answer: air traffic control | question: What do airports use to assure smooth traffic flow between departing and arriving aircraft?, answer: traffic pattern | question: What is an important concern in the operation of an airport?, answer: Air safety
The majority of the world's airports are non-towered, with no air traffic control presence. However, at particularly busy airports, or airports with other special requirements, there is an air traffic control (ATC) system whereby controllers (usually ground-based) direct aircraft movements via radio or other communications links. This coordinated oversight facilitates safety and speed in complex operations where traffic moves in all three dimensions. Air traffic control responsibilities at airports are usually divided into at least two main areas: ground and tower, though a single controller may work both stations. The busiest airports also have clearance delivery, apron control, and other specialized ATC stations.

question: What does ATC stand for?, answer: air traffic control | question: ATC responsibilities are usually divided into how many main areas?, answer: two
The majority of video compression algorithms use lossy compression. Uncompressed video requires a very high data rate. Although lossless video compression codecs perform at a compression factor of 5-12, a typical MPEG-4 lossy compression video has a compression factor between 20 and 200. As in all lossy compression, there is a trade-off between video quality, cost of processing the compression and decompression, and system requirements. Highly compressed video may present visible or distracting artifacts.

question: What all mostly use lossy compression?, answer: video compression algorithms | question: What requires a high data rate?, answer: Uncompressed video | question: What may present visible or distracting artifacts?, answer: Highly compressed video
The malaria problem seems to be compounded by the AIDS epidemic. Research has shown that in Namibia the risk of contracting malaria is 14.5% greater if a person is also infected with HIV. The risk of death from malaria is also raised by approximately 50% with a concurrent HIV infection. Given infection rates this large, as well as a looming malaria problem, it may be very difficult for the government to deal with both the medical and economic impacts of this epidemic. The country had only 598 physicians in 2002.

question: What health issue is compounded by the AIDS epidemic in Namibia?, answer: malaria | question: What is the risk of contracting malaria if an individual is already infected with HIV?, answer: 14.5% greater | question: The risk of death by malaria raises by how much with a concurrent HIV infection?, answer: 50% | question: How many physicians did Namibia have in 2002?, answer: 598
The managing director of London Weekend Television (LWT), Greg Dyke, met with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs in England in 1990. The meeting was to pave the way for a break away from The Football League. Dyke believed that it would be more lucrative for LWT if only the larger clubs in the country were featured on national television and wanted to establish whether the clubs would be interested in a larger share of television rights money. The five clubs decided it was a good idea and decided to press ahead with it; however, the league would have no credibility without the backing of The Football Association and so David Dein of Arsenal held talks to see whether the FA were receptive to the idea. The FA did not enjoy an amicable relationship with the Football League at the time and considered it as a way to weaken the Football League's position.

question: Why did Greg Dyke of London Weekend Television meet with representatives of the biggest five English football clubs in 1990?, answer: The meeting was to pave the way for a break away from The Football League. | question: Why did Dyke only want the larger clubs featured on national television?, answer: Dyke believed that it would be more lucrative for LWT if only the larger clubs in the country were featured on national television | question: Did the five clubs think this was a good idea?, answer: The five clubs decided it was a good idea and decided to press ahead with it | question: Were talks held with the Football Association to see if they were okay with this plan?, answer: David Dein of Arsenal held talks to see whether the FA were receptive to the idea | question: Who was the London Weekend Television's managing director?, answer: Greg Dyke | question: In which year did the managing director meet with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs?, answer: 1990 | question: In which country did the managing director meet with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs?, answer: England | question: Which Arsenal representative held talks with the Football Association about getting their backing for the new league?, answer: David Dein | question: What did the Football Association want to do through building a relationship with the new league?, answer: weaken the Football League's position
The mandolin has been used occasionally in rock music, first appearing in the psychedelic era of the late 1960s. Levon Helm of The Band occasionally moved from his drum kit to play mandolin, most notably on Rag Mama Rag, Rockin' Chair, and Evangeline. Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull played mandolin on Fat Man, from their second album, Stand Up, and also occasionally on later releases. Rod Stewart's 1971 No. 1 hit Maggie May features a significant mandolin riff. David Grisman played mandolin on two Grateful Dead songs on the American Beauty album, Friend of the Devil and Ripple, which became instant favorites among amateur pickers at jam sessions and campground gatherings. John Paul Jones and Jimmy Page both played mandolin on Led Zeppelin songs. The popular alt rock group Imagine Dragons feature the mandolin on a few of their songs, most prominently being It's Time. Dash Crofts of the soft rock duo Seals and Crofts extensively used mandolin in their repertoire during the 1970s. Styx released the song Boat on the River in 1980, which featured Tommy Shaw on vocals and mandolin. The song didn't chart in the United States but was popular in much of Europe and the Philippines.

question: When did the mandolin first appear in rock music?, answer: psychedelic era of the late 1960s | question: Who played the drums and the mandolin in the group called The Band?, answer: Levon Helm | question: What Rod Stewart song in 1971 featured the mandolin?, answer: Maggie May | question: What artist from the Greatful Dead played the mandolin?, answer: David Grisman | question: Tommy Shaw sang and played the mandolin in which Styx song?, answer: Boat on the River
The mandolin orchestras never completely went away, however. In fact, along with all the other musical forms the mandolin is involved with, the mandolin ensemble (groups usually arranged like the string section of a modern symphony orchestra, with first mandolins, second mandolins, mandolas, mandocellos, mando-basses, and guitars, and sometimes supplemented by other instruments) continues to grow in popularity. Since the mid-nineties, several public-school mandolin-based guitar programs have blossomed around the country, including Fretworks Mandolin and Guitar Orchestra, the first of its kind. The national organization, Classical Mandolin Society of America, founded by Norman Levine, represents these groups. Prominent modern mandolinists and composers for mandolin in the classical music tradition include Samuel Firstman, Howard Fry, Rudy Cipolla, Dave Apollon, Neil Gladd, Evan Marshall, Marilynn Mair and Mark Davis (the Mair-Davis Duo), Brian Israel, David Evans, Emanuil Shynkman, Radim Zenkl, David Del Tredici and Ernst Krenek.

question: What groups have become popular amonbgpublic schools?, answer: mandolin-based guitar programs | question: What are two of the popular public school groups?, answer: Fretworks Mandolin and Guitar Orchestra | question: Who found the Classical Mandolin Society of America?, answer: Norman Levine | question: Who are modern mandolinists and composers?, answer: Samuel Firstman, Howard Fry, Rudy Cipolla
The mandolin's popularity in the United States was spurred by the success of a group of touring young European musicians known as the Estudiantina Figaro, or in the United States, simply the "Spanish Students." The group landed in the U.S. on January 2, 1880 in New York City, and played in Boston and New York to wildly enthusiastic crowds. Ironically, this ensemble did not play mandolins but rather bandurrias, which are also small, double-strung instruments that resemble the mandolin. The success of the Figaro Spanish Students spawned other groups who imitated their musical style and costumes. An Italian musician, Carlo Curti, hastily started a musical ensemble after seeing the Figaro Spanish Students perform; his group of Italian born Americans called themselves the "Original Spanish Students," counting on the American public to not know the difference between the Spanish bandurrias and Italian mandolins. The imitators' use of mandolins helped to generate enormous public interest in an instrument previously relatively unknown in the United States.

question: What group in the US was popular?, answer: Estudiantina Figaro | question: When did the Estudiantina Figaro come to the US?, answer: January 2, 1880 | question: Where did the Estudiantina Figaro play?, answer: Boston and New York | question: What group was inspired by the Estudiantina Figaro?, answer: Original Spanish Students | question: What did the Origianl Spanish Students expect the American public not to know?, answer: the difference between the Spanish bandurrias and Italian mandolins
The manipulation of time at higher latitudes (for example Iceland, Nunavut or Alaska) has little impact on daily life, because the length of day and night changes more extremely throughout the seasons (in comparison to other latitudes), and thus sunrise and sunset times are significantly out of sync with standard working hours regardless of manipulations of the clock. DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year.

question: What latitudes see more extreme changes in the length of their days and nights throughout the year?, answer: higher latitudes | question: What region of the earth sees little change in daylight from season to season?, answer: near the equator | question: How much impact does the times of daylight and night have on areas like Iceland or Alaska?, answer: little | question: Would observing Daylight Saving Time have a small or large effect on how light it is during the workday in areas at high latitudes?, answer: small | question: As compared to areas with lower latitudes, what kind of change do areas with high latitudes see in the length of day through the seasons?, answer: extreme
The mantle is equivalent to 10 to 15 Earth masses and is rich in water, ammonia and methane. As is customary in planetary science, this mixture is referred to as icy even though it is a hot, dense fluid. This fluid, which has a high electrical conductivity, is sometimes called a water–ammonia ocean. The mantle may consist of a layer of ionic water in which the water molecules break down into a soup of hydrogen and oxygen ions, and deeper down superionic water in which the oxygen crystallises but the hydrogen ions float around freely within the oxygen lattice. At a depth of 7000 km, the conditions may be such that methane decomposes into diamond crystals that rain downwards like hailstones. Very-high-pressure experiments at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory suggest that the base of the mantle may comprise an ocean of liquid carbon with floating solid 'diamonds'.

question: What is Neptune's mantle rich in?, answer: water, ammonia and methane | question: What is the hot, dense fluid in Neptune referred to as?, answer: icy | question: What does the fluid in Neptune have a high conductivity of?, answer: electrical | question: How deep does Neptune's water-ammonia ocean go?, answer: 7000 km | question: What rains on Neptune?, answer: diamond crystals
The many institutions on 187th Street include Mount Sinai Jewish Center, the Dombrov Shtiebel, and the uptown campus of Yeshiva University. The local public elementary school P.S. 187 is located on Cabrini Boulevard, just north of the eponymous 187th Street

question: Which school is located on Cabrini Boulevard?, answer: P.S. 187 | question: On what street is the Dombrov Shtiebel?, answer: 187th Street | question: Which University has a campus on 187th Street?, answer: Yeshiva University | question: Cabrini Boulevard is just north of what street?, answer: 187th Street | question: On what street is the Mount Sinai Jewish Center?, answer: 187th Street
The marriage of Richard II of England to Anne of Bohemia established contacts between the two nations and brought Lollard ideas to her homeland. The teachings of the Czech priest Jan Hus were based on those of John Wycliffe, yet his followers, the Hussites, were to have a much greater political impact than the Lollards. Hus gained a great following in Bohemia, and in 1414, he was requested to appear at the Council of Constance to defend his cause. When he was burned as a heretic in 1415, it caused a popular uprising in the Czech lands. The subsequent Hussite Wars fell apart due to internal quarrels and did not result in religious or national independence for the Czechs, but both the Catholic Church and the German element within the country were weakened.

question: In what year was Jan Hus burned at the stake?, answer: 1415 | question: Who did Richard II of England marry?, answer: Anne of Bohemia | question: Whose teachings did Jan Hus base his own on?, answer: John Wycliffe | question: What were the followers of Jan Hus called?, answer: Hussites | question: What conflict resulted from death of Jan Hus?, answer: Hussite Wars
The mascot of Northwestern Athletics is Willie the Wildcat. The first mascot, however, was a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo named Furpaw who was brought to the playing field on the day of a game to greet the fans. But after a losing season, the team, deciding that Furpaw was to blame for its misfortune, banished him from campus forever. Willie the Wildcat made his debut in 1933 first as a logo, and then in three dimensions in 1947, when members of the Alpha Delta fraternity dressed as wildcats during a Homecoming Parade. The Northwestern University Marching Band (NUMB) performs at all home football games and leads cheers in the student section and performs the Alma Mater at the end of the game.

question: Who is the mascot of Northwestern Athletics?, answer: Willie the Wildcat | question: What was the first mascot of Northwestern Athletics?, answer: a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo | question: What was the name of Northwestern Athletics's bear cub mascot?, answer: Furpaw | question: Who did the athletic team blame for it's first losing season?, answer: Furpaw | question: What did the athletic team do with Furpaw after they lost the first season?, answer: banished him from campus forever
The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. This device accepts HD content through component video inputs and stores the content in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file on the hard drive or DVD burner of a computer connected to the PVR through a USB 2.0 interface. More recent systems are able to record a broadcast high definition program in its 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray.

question: When was the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder introduced?, answer: 2008 | question: How does the Personal Video Recorder store content?, answer: in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file | question: Recent systems can record a broadcast HD program in what format?, answer: 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray | question: What uncompressed storage option was introduced in 2008?, answer: the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder
The massive work was arranged according to a "tree of knowledge." The tree reflected the marked division between the arts and sciences, which was largely a result of the rise of empiricism. Both areas of knowledge were united by philosophy, or the trunk of the tree of knowledge. The Enlightenment's desacrilization of religion was pronounced in the tree's design, particularly where theology accounted for a peripheral branch, with black magic as a close neighbour. As the Encyclopédie gained popularity, it was published in quarto and octavo editions after 1777. The quarto and octavo editions were much less expensive than previous editions, making the Encyclopédie more accessible to the non-elite. Robert Darnton estimates that there were approximately 25 000 copies of the Encyclopédie in circulation throughout France and Europe before the French Revolution. The extensive, yet affordable encyclopedia came to represent the transmission of Enlightenment and scientific education to an expanding audience.

question: How was the Encyclopedie arranged?, answer: according to a "tree of knowledge." | question: The rise of empiricism caused a division between which two subjects?, answer: the arts and sciences | question: What was considered the trunk of the tree of knowledge?, answer: philosophy | question: Which editions of the Encyclopedie were less expensive and more accessible to the non-elite?, answer: quarto and octavo | question: How many copies of the Encyclopedie were estimated to be in circulation throughout France and Europe before the French Revolution?, answer: 25 000
The materialist view is perhaps best understood in its opposition to the doctrines of immaterial substance applied to the mind historically, famously by René Descartes. However, by itself materialism says nothing about how material substance should be characterized. In practice, it is frequently assimilated to one variety of physicalism or another.

question: Was René Descartes an idealist or a materialist?, answer: materialist | question: Materialism does not define what?, answer: how material substance should be characterized.
The maximum distance at which a gun or missile can engage an aircraft is an important figure. However, many different definitions are used but unless the same definition is used, performance of different guns or missiles cannot be compared. For AA guns only the ascending part of the trajectory can be usefully used. One term is 'ceiling', maximum ceiling being the height a projectile would reach if fired vertically, not practically useful in itself as few AA guns are able to fire vertically, and maximum fuse duration may be too short, but potentially useful as a standard to compare different weapons.

question: What is an important number when it comes to guns engaging an aircraft?, answer: The maximum distance | question: What can be used to determine the maximum distance for an AA gun?, answer: only the ascending part of the trajectory | question: What is the term used to describe the height that a projectile would go to if it was fired vertically?, answer: maximum ceiling | question: Few AA guns are able to fire which way?, answer: vertically