lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
There are many important organozinc compounds. Organozinc chemistry is the science of organozinc compounds describing their physical properties, synthesis and reactions. Among important applications is the Frankland-Duppa Reaction in which an oxalate ester(ROCOCOOR) reacts with an alkyl halide R'X, zinc and hydrochloric acid to the α-hydroxycarboxylic esters RR'COHCOOR, the Reformatskii reaction which converts α-halo-esters and aldehydes to β-hydroxy-esters, the Simmons–Smith reaction in which the carbenoid (iodomethyl)zinc iodide reacts with alkene(or alkyne) and converts them to cyclopropane, the Addition reaction of organozinc compounds to carbonyl compounds. The Barbier reaction (1899) is the zinc equivalent of the magnesium Grignard reaction and is better of the two. In presence of just about any water the formation of the organomagnesium halide will fail, whereas the Barbier reaction can even take place in water. On the downside organozincs are much less nucleophilic than Grignards, are expensive and difficult to handle. Commercially available diorganozinc compounds are dimethylzinc, diethylzinc and diphenylzinc. In one study the active organozinc compound is obtained from much cheaper organobromine precursors:

question: What does organozinc chemisty describe?, answer: physical properties, synthesis and reactions. | question: What is the zinc equivalent of the Grinard reaction?, answer: The Barbier reaction | question: When will organomagnesium halide formation fail?, answer: presence of just about any water | question: What are dimethylzinc, dietylzinc and diphenylzinc?, answer: Commercially available diorganozinc compounds
There are many innovative art galleries in the city. The Southampton City Art Gallery at the Civic Centre is one of the best known and as well as a nationally important Designated Collection, houses several permanent and travelling exhibitions. The Millais Gallery at Southampton Solent University, the John Hansard Gallery at Southampton University as well as smaller galleries including the Art House in Above Bar Street provide a different view. The city's Bargate is also an art gallery run by the arts organisation "a space". A space also run the Art Vaults project, which creatively uses several of Southampton's medieval vaults, halls and cellars as venues for contemporary art installations.

question: What gallery in Southampton houses a Designated Collection?, answer: The Southampton City Art Gallery | question: What's the all-lowercase named arts organization in charge of the art gallery in Southampton's Bargate?, answer: a space | question: What project, also run by a space, showcases art in Southampton's medieval buildings?, answer: Art Vaults | question: What art gallery is a part of Southampton Solent University?, answer: The Millais Gallery
There are many lodges and reserves to accommodate eco-tourists. Sport hunting is also a large, and growing component of the Namibian economy, accounting for 14% of total tourism in the year 2000, or $19.6 million US dollars, with Namibia boasting numerous species sought after by international sport hunters. In addition, extreme sports such as sandboarding, skydiving and 4x4ing have become popular, and many cities have companies that provide tours.[citation needed] The most visited places include the capital city of Windhoek, Caprivi Strip, Fish River Canyon, Sossusvlei, the Skeleton Coast Park, Sesriem, Etosha Pan and the coastal towns of Swakopmund, Walvis Bay and Lüderitz.

question: What accounts for almost 14% of total tourism in Namibia?, answer: Sport hunting | question: How much economic assistance does Namibia get from tourism from hunting?, answer: $19.6 million US dollars | question: What other types of sports are popular in Namibia?, answer: extreme sports | question: What is the most visited city in Namibia?, answer: Windhoek | question: What type of town is Swakopmund?, answer: coastal
There are many missionary groups operating in the country, including Lutherans, Baptists, Catholics, Grace Brethren, and Jehovah's Witnesses. While these missionaries are predominantly from the United States, France, Italy, and Spain, many are also from Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and other African countries. Large numbers of missionaries left the country when fighting broke out between rebel and government forces in 2002–3, but many of them have now returned to continue their work.

question: What religious groups operate in CAR?, answer: missionary groups | question: Where do most of the missionaries come from?, answer: United States | question: What caused most of the missionaries to leave the country?, answer: when fighting broke out between rebel and government forces | question: What African country bordering CAR are some of these missionaries from?, answer: Democratic Republic of the Congo | question: When did fighting break out in CAR?, answer: 2002–3
There are many names for God, and different names are attached to different cultural ideas about God's identity and attributes. In the ancient Egyptian era of Atenism, possibly the earliest recorded monotheistic religion, this deity was called Aten, premised on being the one "true" Supreme Being and Creator of the Universe. In the Hebrew Bible and Judaism, "He Who Is", "I Am that I Am", and the tetragrammaton YHWH are used as names of God, while Yahweh and Jehovah are sometimes used in Christianity as vocalizations of YHWH. In the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, God, consubstantial in three persons, is called the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. In Judaism, it is common to refer to God by the titular names Elohim or Adonai, the latter of which is believed by some scholars to descend from the Egyptian Aten. In Islam, the name Allah, "Al-El", or "Al-Elah" ("the God") is used, while Muslims also have a multitude of titular names for God. In Hinduism, Brahman is often considered a monistic deity. Other religions have names for God, for instance, Baha in the Bahá'í Faith, Waheguru in Sikhism, and Ahura Mazda in Zoroastrianism.

question: What are vocalizations of the name of God, YHWH?, answer: Yahweh and Jehovah | question: What is the Holy Trinity?, answer: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit | question: In the time of Atenism, what was God called?, answer: Aten | question: What is the Islamic name for God?, answer: Allah | question: What do members of the Bahá'í Faith call God?, answer: Baha | question: What was the first monotheistic religion?, answer: Atenism | question: What is the God of the Hebrew Bible called?, answer: YHWH | question: What is the Christian God called?, answer: Yahweh and Jehovah | question: What are the 2 titular names of God in the Jewish religion?, answer: Elohim or Adonai | question: Where do scholars believe the name Adonai came from?, answer: Aten
There are many non-incandescent light sources, such as the fluorescent lamp, high-intensity discharge lamps and LED lamps, which have higher luminous efficiency, and some have been designed to be retrofitted in fixtures for incandescent lights. These devices produce light by luminescence. These lamps produce discrete spectral lines and do not have the broad "tail" of invisible infrared emissions. By careful selection of which electron energy level transitions are used, and fluorescent coatings which modify the spectral distribution, the spectrum emitted can be tuned to mimic the appearance of incandescent sources, or other different color temperatures of white light. Due to the discrete spectral lines rather than a continuous spectrum, the light is not ideal for applications such as photography and cinematography.

question: Do fluorescent lights have a higher or lower luminous efficiency than incandescents?, answer: higher | question: How can luminescent light sources be modified to resemble the appearance of incandescents?, answer: By careful selection of which electron energy level transitions are used, and fluorescent coatings which modify the spectral distribution | question: Why are luminescent light sources not ideal for photography?, answer: Due to the discrete spectral lines rather than a continuous spectrum
There are many notable contributors to the field of Chinese science throughout the ages. One of the best examples would be Shen Kuo (1031–1095), a polymath scientist and statesman who was the first to describe the magnetic-needle compass used for navigation, discovered the concept of true north, improved the design of the astronomical gnomon, armillary sphere, sight tube, and clepsydra, and described the use of drydocks to repair boats. After observing the natural process of the inundation of silt and the find of marine fossils in the Taihang Mountains (hundreds of miles from the Pacific Ocean), Shen Kuo devised a theory of land formation, or geomorphology. He also adopted a theory of gradual climate change in regions over time, after observing petrified bamboo found underground at Yan'an, Shaanxi province. If not for Shen Kuo's writing, the architectural works of Yu Hao would be little known, along with the inventor of movable type printing, Bi Sheng (990-1051). Shen's contemporary Su Song (1020–1101) was also a brilliant polymath, an astronomer who created a celestial atlas of star maps, wrote a pharmaceutical treatise with related subjects of botany, zoology, mineralogy, and metallurgy, and had erected a large astronomical clocktower in Kaifeng city in 1088. To operate the crowning armillary sphere, his clocktower featured an escapement mechanism and the world's oldest known use of an endless power-transmitting chain drive.

question: Who discovered the idea of true north?, answer: Shen Kuo | question: When was Shen Kuo alive?, answer: 1031–1095 | question: What are drydocks used for?, answer: to repair boats | question: What did silt and marine fossils teach Shen Kuo?, answer: geomorphology | question: What did Shen Kuo study to discover climate change?, answer: petrified bamboo
There are many other Protestant denominations that do not fit neatly into the mentioned branches, and are far smaller in membership. Some groups of individuals who hold basic Protestant tenets identify themselves simply as "Christians" or "born-again Christians". They typically distance themselves from the confessionalism and/or creedalism of other Christian communities by calling themselves "non-denominational" or "evangelical". Often founded by individual pastors, they have little affiliation with historic denominations.

question: What denomination do these small groups belong to?, answer: "non-denominational" or "evangelical" | question: How much affiliation do these small groups have with historical denominations?, answer: little | question: Who has founded these small groups of Christians?, answer: individual pastors | question: What do some groups of people who believe in basic Protestant principles identify as?, answer: "Christians" or "born-again Christians"
There are many rules to contact in this type of football. First, the only player on the field who may be legally tackled is the player currently in possession of the football (the ball carrier). Second, a receiver, that is to say, an offensive player sent down the field to receive a pass, may not be interfered with (have his motion impeded, be blocked, etc.) unless he is within one yard of the line of scrimmage (instead of 5 yards (4.6 m) in American football). Any player may block another player's passage, so long as he does not hold or trip the player he intends to block. The kicker may not be contacted after the kick but before his kicking leg returns to the ground (this rule is not enforced upon a player who has blocked a kick), and the quarterback, having already thrown the ball, may not be hit or tackled.

question: What is the term for the player that is currently handing the football when play is underway?, answer: ball carrier | question: Within what distance from the line of scrimmage can offensive players who do not have the ball be legally contacted by defensive players?, answer: one yard | question: What are two illegal ways to block an opposing player's progress near the line of scrimmage?, answer: hold or trip | question: Which player may not be tackled immediately after they have thrown a pass?, answer: quarterback
There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top—both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.

question: What are the four common styles of mandolins?, answer: the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. | question: What is the round-back mandolin made of?, answer: strips of wood, glued together into a bowl | question: Which style of mandolin has a shallower, arched back, and arched top?, answer: round-back | question: Which form of music do Neapolitan mandolins feature?, answer: European classical music and traditional music. | question: Which mandolin is commin in American Folk music and blue grass music?, answer: Carved-top instruments
There are more than 200 thermochemical cycles which can be used for water splitting, around a dozen of these cycles such as the iron oxide cycle, cerium(IV) oxide–cerium(III) oxide cycle, zinc zinc-oxide cycle, sulfur-iodine cycle, copper-chlorine cycle and hybrid sulfur cycle are under research and in testing phase to produce hydrogen and oxygen from water and heat without using electricity. A number of laboratories (including in France, Germany, Greece, Japan, and the USA) are developing thermochemical methods to produce hydrogen from solar energy and water.

question: What are the thermochemical cycyles in a testing phase for?, answer: produce hydrogen and oxygen from water and heat without using electricity | question: What are labs trying to produce hydrogen from?, answer: solar energy and water | question: What countries are testing this?, answer: France, Germany, Greece, Japan, and the USA
There are more than 900 million Protestants worldwide,[ad] among approximately 2.4 billion Christians.[ae] In 2010, a total of more than 800 million included 300 million in Sub-Saharan Africa, 260 million in the Americas, 140 million in Asia-Pacific region, 100 million in Europe and 2 million in Middle East-North Africa. Protestants account for nearly forty percent of Christians worldwide and more than one tenth of the total human population. Various estimates put the percentage of Protestants in relation to the total number of world's Christians at 33%, 36%, 36.7%, and 40%, while in relation to the world's population at 11.6% and 13%.

question: How many Protestants are there in the world?, answer: more than 900 million | question: What is the total population of Christians in the world?, answer: approximately 2.4 billion | question: Approximately how much of the world's population are Protestant (in fractions)?, answer: more than one tenth | question: What area only had about 2 million Protestants in 2010?, answer: Middle East-North Africa | question: What area had the largest Protestant population in 2010?, answer: Sub-Saharan Africa
There are nevertheless a number of contemporary hunter-gatherer peoples who, after contact with other societies, continue their ways of life with very little external influence. One such group is the Pila Nguru (Spinifex people) of Western Australia, whose habitat in the Great Victoria Desert has proved unsuitable for European agriculture (and even pastoralism).[citation needed] Another are the Sentinelese of the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean, who live on North Sentinel Island and to date have maintained their independent existence, repelling attempts to engage with and contact them.[citation needed]

question: What is the name of the Spinifex people?, answer: Pila Nguru | question: Where do the Pila Nguru people live?, answer: Western Australia | question: Who refuses contact with outsiders on Sentinel Island?, answer: Sentinelese | question: Where are the Sentinelese and the Andaman Islands?, answer: Indian Ocean
There are no dedicated IPA symbols for degrees of aspiration and typically only two degrees are marked: unaspirated ⟨k⟩ and aspirated ⟨kʰ⟩. An old symbol for light aspiration was ⟨ʻ⟩, but this is now obsolete. The aspiration modifier letter may be doubled to indicate especially strong or long aspiration. Hence, the two degrees of aspiration in Korean stops are sometimes transcribed ⟨kʰ kʰʰ⟩ or ⟨kʻ⟩ and ⟨kʰ⟩, but they are usually transcribed [k] and [kʰ], with the details of voice-onset time given numerically.

question: There are no IPA symbols for what?, answer: degrees of aspiration | question: What may be doubled to indicate a long aspiration?, answer: aspiration modifier | question: What language, according to the text, may need double stops to indicate aspiration length?, answer: Korean | question: How are voice-onset time details usually presented?, answer: numerically
There are no railways, waterways, ports or harbours on the island. Loading jetties are located at Kingston and Cascade, but ships cannot get close to either of them. When a supply ship arrives, it is emptied by whaleboats towed by launches, five tonnes at a time. Which jetty is used depends on the prevailing weather on the day. The jetty on the leeward side of the island is often used. If the wind changes significantly during unloading/loading, the ship will move around to the other side. Visitors often gather to watch the activity when a supply ship arrives.

question: Where are loading jetties found on Norfolk Island?, answer: Kingston and Cascade | question: How is a supply ship unloaded when it reaches Norfolk Island?, answer: by whaleboats towed by launches | question: What determines the jetty that's used by supply ships to Norfolk Island?, answer: the prevailing weather on the day | question: Where can you find the often-used jetty on Norfolk Island?, answer: on the leeward side of the island | question: Who can usually be found watching supply ships unload at Norfolk Island?, answer: Visitors
There are numerous community and international newspapers locally that cater to the city's ethnic mosaic; such as The Black Chronicle, headquartered in the Eastside, the OK VIETIMES and Oklahoma Chinese Times, located in Asia District, and various Hispanic community publications. The Campus is the student newspaper at Oklahoma City University. Gay publications include The Gayly Oklahoman.

question: Which side is the Black Chronicles Headquarters?, answer: Eastside | question: What international newspapers is in the Asia District?, answer: OK VIETIMES and Oklahoma Chinese Times | question: What is the name of the student newspaper?, answer: The Campus
There are occasional brief hints and allusions in his longer works however that Avicenna considered philosophy as the only sensible way to distinguish real prophecy from illusion. He did not state this more clearly because of the political implications of such a theory, if prophecy could be questioned, and also because most of the time he was writing shorter works which concentrated on explaining his theories on philosophy and theology clearly, without digressing to consider epistemological matters which could only be properly considered by other philosophers.

question: What did Avicenna consider to be the only way to distinguish real philosophy from illusion?, answer: philosophy | question: What did Avicenna fear about stating his theories on philosophy more clearly?, answer: the political implications of such a theory | question: What did Avicenna not consider when explaining his theories on philosophy?, answer: epistemological matters
There are other annual events, ranging from the Seattle Antiquarian Book Fair & Book Arts Show; an anime convention, Sakura-Con; Penny Arcade Expo, a gaming convention; a two-day, 9,000-rider Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic, and specialized film festivals, such as the Maelstrom International Fantastic Film Festival, the Seattle Asian American Film Festival (formerly known as the Northwest Asian American Film Festival), Children's Film Festival Seattle, Translation: the Seattle Transgender Film Festival, the Seattle Gay and Lesbian Film Festival, and the Seattle Polish Film Festival.

question: What anime convention is held in Seattle?, answer: Sakura-Con | question: What is focus of the Penny Arcade Expo?, answer: gaming | question: How many bicyclists attend the Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic?, answer: 9,000 | question: What festival does Seattle have for the transgender community?, answer: Seattle Transgender Film Festival | question: What is Seattle's festival for the Polish community?, answer: Seattle Polish Film Festival
There are over three thousand islands along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang. The largest, Zhoushan Island, is Mainland China's third largest island, after Hainan and Chongming. There are also many bays, of which Hangzhou Bay is the largest. Zhejiang has a humid subtropical climate with four distinct seasons. Spring starts in March and is rainy with changeable weather. Summer, from June to September is long, hot, rainy, and humid. Fall is generally dry, warm and sunny. Winters are short but cold except in the far south. Average annual temperature is around 15 to 19 °C (59 to 66 °F), average January temperature is around 2 to 8 °C (36 to 46 °F) and average July temperature is around 27 to 30 °C (81 to 86 °F). Annual precipitation is about 1,000 to 1,900 mm (39 to 75 in). There is plenty of rainfall in early summer, and by late summer Zhejiang is directly threatened by typhoons forming in the Pacific.

question: How many islands are along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang?, answer: over three thousand | question: What is the largest island near Zhejiang?, answer: Zhoushan Island | question: What is the largest bay of Zhejiang?, answer: Hangzhou Bay | question: How many distinct seasons does Zhejiang have?, answer: four | question: When does Spring start in Zhejiang?, answer: March
There are quite a few different dielectrics that can be chosen to provide different insulating values depending on the requirements of the circuit. Some of these dielectrics are polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon), FR-4, FR-1, CEM-1 or CEM-3. Well known pre-preg materials used in the PCB industry are FR-2 (phenolic cotton paper), FR-3 (cotton paper and epoxy), FR-4 (woven glass and epoxy), FR-5 (woven glass and epoxy), FR-6 (matte glass and polyester), G-10 (woven glass and epoxy), CEM-1 (cotton paper and epoxy), CEM-2 (cotton paper and epoxy), CEM-3 (non-woven glass and epoxy), CEM-4 (woven glass and epoxy), CEM-5 (woven glass and polyester). Thermal expansion is an important consideration especially with ball grid array (BGA) and naked die technologies, and glass fiber offers the best dimensional stability.

question: What's the common name of polytetrafluoroethylene?, answer: Teflon | question: What pre-preg material is designated by "FR-2"?, answer: phenolic cotton paper | question: To what type of packaging is thermal expansion particularly critical?, answer: ball grid array | question: What material delivers optimum dimensional stability?, answer: glass fiber | question: What dielectric is matte glass and polyester?, answer: FR-6