lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The community of Casas Adobes is also on the Northwest Side, with the distinction of being Tucson's first suburb, established in the late 1940s. Casas Adobes is centered on the historic Casas Adobes Plaza (built in 1948). Casas Adobes is also home to Tohono Chul Park (a nature preserve) near the intersection of North Oracle Road and West Ina Road. The attempted assassination of Representative Gabrielle Giffords, and the murders of chief judge for the U.S. District Court for Arizona, John Roll and five other people on January 8, 2011, occurred at the La Toscana Village in Casas Adobes. The Foothills Mall is also located on the northwest side in Casas Adobes.

question: What is considered Tuscon's first suburb?, answer: Casas Adobes | question: When was the Casas Adobes Plaza established?, answer: 1948 | question: What representative was almost assassinated at the La Toscana Village?, answer: Gabrielle Giffords | question: What nature preserve is in Casas Adobes?, answer: Tohono Chul Park | question: What mall is located in Casas Adobes?, answer: Foothills Mall | question: When was the Casas Adobes Plaza built?, answer: 1948 | question: What was Tucson's first suburb?, answer: Casas Adobes | question: Where is Tohono Chul Park?, answer: near the intersection of North Oracle Road and West Ina Road | question: Who was nearly assassinated in Casas Adobes?, answer: Representative Gabrielle Giffords | question: What was John Roll's job title?, answer: chief judge for the U.S. District Court for Arizona
The community was established by several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda (which lies due east of South Carolina, although at 1,030 km or 640 mi, it is closest to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), under the leadership of governor William Sayle, on the west bank of the Ashley River, a few miles northwest of the present-day city center. It was soon predicted by the Earl of Shaftesbury, one of the Lords Proprietors, to become a "great port towne", a destiny the city quickly fulfilled. In 1680, the settlement was moved east of the Ashley River to the peninsula between the Ashley and Cooper Rivers. Not only was this location more defensible, but it also offered access to a fine natural harbor.

question: Where did Charleston's original settlers come from?, answer: Bermuda | question: Bermuda is located near which North Carolina town?, answer: Cape Hatteras | question: Who was the first governor of Charleston?, answer: William Sayle | question: Who predicted Charleston would become a 'great port towne'?, answer: Earl of Shaftesbury | question: The settlement was relocated east to what river?, answer: Ashley River
The company aims to reduce its external environmental impact through energy-efficient evolution of products, and also reduce its direct operational impact through energy-efficiency programs. Internal energy-efficiency programs reportedly save the company more than $3 million annually in energy-cost savings. The largest component of the company's internal energy-efficiency savings comes through PC power management: the company expects to save $1.8 million in energy costs through using specialized energy-management software on a network of 50,000 PCs.

question: What does Dell aim to reduce by creating energy efficient products?, answer: external environmental impact | question: How much does energy efficiency save Dell per year?, answer: $3 million | question: What is the largest contributor to Dell's energy efficiency savings?, answer: PC power management | question: How many PCs does Dell employ energy management software on?, answer: 50,000
The company continued to carefully review submitted titles, giving them scores using a 40-point scale and allocating Nintendo's marketing resources accordingly. Each region performed separate evaluations. Nintendo of America also maintained a policy that, among other things, limited the amount of violence in the games on its systems. One game, Mortal Kombat, would challenge this policy. A surprise hit in arcades in 1992, Mortal Kombat features splashes of blood and finishing moves that often depict one character dismembering the other. Because the Genesis version retained the gore while the SNES version did not, it outsold the SNES version by a ratio of three or four-to-one.

question: How did Nintendo rank submitted games?, answer: using a 40-point scale | question: What game first challenged Nintendo's anti-violence policy?, answer: Mortal Kombat | question: When was Mortal Kombat released in arcades?, answer: 1992 | question: Which game console had a full-gore version of Mortal Kombat?, answer: Genesis | question: How much did the Genesis version of Mortal Kombat out-sell the SNES version?, answer: three or four-to-one
The company is often criticized by both the media and its own staff for its less upstanding policies regarding employee relations. A 2012 Reddit post written by an anonymous Comcast call center employee eager to share their negative experiences with the public received attention from publications including The Huffington Post. A 2014 investigative series published by The Verge involved interviews with 150 of Comcast's employees. It sought to examine why the company has become so widely criticized by its customers, the media and even members of its own staff. The series claimed part of the problem is internal and that Comcast's staff endures unreasonable corporate policies. According to the report: "customer service has been replaced by an obsession with sales; technicians are understaffed while tech support is poorly trained; and the company is hobbled by internal fragmentation." A widely read article penned by an anonymous call center employee working for Comcast appeared in November 2014 on Cracked. Titled "Five Nightmares You Live While Working For America's Worst Company," the article also claimed that Comcast is obsessed with sales, doesn't train its employees properly and concluded that "the system makes good customer service impossible."

question: Besides customer problems, what other area is Comcast often criticized over?, answer: employee relations | question: What online media outlet ran an investigative series on Comcast in 2014?, answer: The Verge | question: How many Comcast employees were interviewed for that investigative report?, answer: 150 | question: What online publication ran a feature from a Comcast employee in 2014 that received attention?, answer: Cracked | question: What was this 2014 article anonymously penned by a Comcast Employee called?, answer: "Five Nightmares You Live While Working For America's Worst Company,"
The company originated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) through the consolidation of The Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, the Computing Scale Company and the Bundy Manufacturing Company. CTR was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924, a name which Thomas J. Watson first used for a CTR Canadian subsidiary. The initialism IBM followed. Securities analysts nicknamed the company Big Blue for its size and common use of the color in products, packaging and its logo.

question: What was the original name of IBM?, answer: Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company | question: What does IBM stand for?, answer: International Business Machines | question: In what year was CTR created?, answer: 1911 | question: What was the unofficial name given to IBM by analysts?, answer: Big Blue | question: Who created the IBM name?, answer: Thomas J. Watson | question: In what year did the company that was to become IBM form?, answer: 1911 | question: What was the name of the company that eventually became IBM?, answer: Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) | question: In what year did IBM get its name?, answer: 1924 | question: What nickname was given to IBM?, answer: Big Blue | question: What is one parent company of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company?, answer: Computing Scale Company
The company's 14 member Board of Directors is responsible for overall corporate management. As of Cathie Black's resignation in November 2010 its membership (by affiliation and year of joining) included: Alain J. P. Belda '08 (Alcoa), William R. Brody '07 (Salk Institute / Johns Hopkins University), Kenneth Chenault '98 (American Express), Michael L. Eskew '05 (UPS), Shirley Ann Jackson '05 (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), Andrew N. Liveris '10 (Dow Chemical), W. James McNerney, Jr. '09 (Boeing), James W. Owens '06 (Caterpillar), Samuel J. Palmisano '00 (IBM), Joan Spero '04 (Doris Duke Charitable Foundation), Sidney Taurel '01 (Eli Lilly), and Lorenzo Zambrano '03 (Cemex).

question: IBM has how many members on its Board of Directors?, answer: 14 | question: What board member resigned in November 2010?, answer: Cathie Black's | question: What year did William R. Brody join the IBM Board of Directors?, answer: '07 | question: Kenneth Chenault is affiliated with what company?, answer: American Express | question: Who is the most recent member to join the IBM Board of Directors?, answer: Andrew N. Liveris
The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza. The East India Company also launched a joint attack with the Dutch United East India Company on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China, which helped secure their ports in China. The company established trading posts in Surat (1619), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690). By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen, and 90 employees in India. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and Bombay Castle.

question: when was the bombay trading post established?, answer: 1668 | question: who commanded the factories owned by the East India company?, answer: factor or master merchant and governor | question: who helped join the East India company in a joint attack on Portuguese and Spanish ships?, answer: Dutch United East India Company | question: how many employees were in the factories in India?, answer: 90 | question: what were the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras and Bombay castle before they were forts?, answer: major factories | question: who helped join the East India company in a joint attack on Portuguese and Spanish ships?, answer: Dutch | question: by 1647 how many factories did the company have?, answer: 23 | question: the east india company changed how it did business by moving from focusing on royal patronage to what type of business?, answer: commercial trading operations | question: when the east india company move to commercial trading what company did they surpass?, answer: Portuguese Estado da Índia | question: The top or most important factories had what physical feature in common?, answer: walled forts
The competition formed as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from the Football League, which was originally founded in 1888, and take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal. The deal was worth £1 billion a year domestically as of 2013–14, with BSkyB and BT Group securing the domestic rights to broadcast 116 and 38 games respectively. The league generates €2.2 billion per year in domestic and international television rights. In 2014/15, teams were apportioned revenues of £1.6 billion.

question: What date was the Premier League formed?, answer: The competition formed as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 | question: Who secured the domestic rights to broadcast games 116 and 38 respectively?, answer: BSkyB and BT Group securing the domestic rights to broadcast 116 and 38 games respectively. | question: How much was the deal worth?, answer: The deal was worth £1 billion a year domestically as of 2013–14 | question: How much revenue does the league generate in domestic and international television rights?, answer: The league generates €2.2 billion per year in domestic and international television rights | question: In 2014/15, how much were the teams apportioned in revenues?, answer: In 2014/15, teams were apportioned revenues of £1.6 billion. | question: When was the Premier League originally formed?, answer: 20 February 1992 | question: When was the Football League originally founded?, answer: 1888 | question: How many games were secured to broadcast by BSkyB?, answer: 116 | question: How many games were secured to broadcast by BT Group?, answer: 38 | question: How much income does the Premier League generate per year in worldwide television rights?, answer: €2.2 billion
The competition is open to any club down to Level 10 of the English football league system which meets the eligibility criteria. All clubs in the top four levels (the Premier League and the three divisions of the Football League) are automatically eligible. Clubs in the next six levels (non-league football) are also eligible provided they have played in either the FA Cup, FA Trophy or FA Vase competitions in the previous season. Newly formed clubs, such as F.C. United of Manchester in 2005–06 and also 2006–07, may not therefore play in the FA Cup in their first season. All clubs entering the competition must also have a suitable stadium.

question: Is the competition open to anyone?, answer: The competition is open to any club down to Level 10 of the English football league system | question: Is there anyone automatically eligible?, answer: . All clubs in the top four levels (the Premier League and the three divisions of the Football League) are automatically eligible | question: Who else can play?, answer: Clubs in the next six levels (non-league football) are also eligible provided they have played in either the FA Cup, FA Trophy or FA Vase competitions | question: Can new clubs play too?, answer: Newly formed clubs, such as F.C. United of Manchester in 2005–06 and also 2006–07, may not therefore play in the FA Cup in their first season. | question: Do I need a stadium to compete?, answer: All clubs entering the competition must also have a suitable stadium.
The competition is open to any eligible club down to Levels 10 of the English football league system - all 92 professional clubs in the Premier League and Football League (Levels 1 to 4), and several hundred "non-league" teams in Steps 1 to 6 of the National League System (Levels 5 to 10). A record 763 clubs competed in 2011–12. The tournament consists of 12 randomly drawn rounds followed by the semi-finals and the final. Entrants are not seeded, although a system of byes based on league level ensures higher ranked teams enter in later rounds - the minimum number of games needed to win the competition ranges from six to fourteen.

question: Who is the competition open too?, answer: any eligible club | question: How many clubs competed in 20011-12?, answer: 763 clubs | question: How many rounds in the tournament?, answer: 12 | question: How many games are needed to win?, answer: six to fourteen | question: What league can compete?, answer: Premier League and Football League
The complete technical disclosure of the Columbia LP by Peter C. Goldmark, Rene' Snepvangers and William S. Bachman in 1949 made it possible for a great variety of record companies to get into the business of making long playing records. The business grew quickly and interest spread in high fidelity sound and the do-it-yourself market for pickups, turntables, amplifier kits, loudspeaker enclosure plans, and AM/FM radio tuners. The LP record for longer works, 45 rpm for pop music, and FM radio became high fidelity program sources in demand. Radio listeners heard recordings broadcast and this in turn generated more record sales. The industry flourished.

question: When was the business booming for do it yourself sound fanatics?, answer: 1949 | question: What kind of recordings worked best for pop music?, answer: 45 rpm | question: What was used for longer recordings?, answer: LP record | question: What opened doors for long recordings?, answer: The complete technical disclosure of the Columbia LP by Peter C. Goldmark, Rene' Snepvangers and William S. Bachman | question: What aided in records sales in the 1950s?, answer: Radio listeners heard recordings broadcast
The compression works by reducing the accuracy of certain parts of a sound that are considered to be beyond the auditory resolution ability of most people. This method is commonly referred to as perceptual coding. It uses psychoacoustic models to discard or reduce precision of components less audible to human hearing, and then records the remaining information in an efficient manner.

question: What does the compression target in the song?, answer: accuracy | question: The targetting focuses on what aspect that is beyond the ability of most people?, answer: auditory resolution | question: What is this method commonly referred to as?, answer: perceptual coding | question: What kind of model is used in this kind of compression?, answer: psychoacoustic | question: These models ensure that the precision is reduced for the components that are what to human hearing?, answer: less audible
The concentration of copper in ores averages only 0.6%, and most commercial ores are sulfides, especially chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and to a lesser extent chalcocite (Cu2S). These minerals are concentrated from crushed ores to the level of 10–15% copper by froth flotation or bioleaching. Heating this material with silica in flash smelting removes much of the iron as slag. The process exploits the greater ease of converting iron sulfides into its oxides, which in turn react with the silica to form the silicate slag, which floats on top of the heated mass. The resulting copper matte consisting of Cu2S is then roasted to convert all sulfides into oxides:

question: What is the average concentration of copper in ores?, answer: 0.6% | question: What are most commercial ores?, answer: sulfides | question: What happens to the silicate slag during the flash smelting process?, answer: floats on top | question: What does heating copper ore materials with silica remove?, answer: iron | question: What do the sulfides convert to after the copper matte is roasted?, answer: oxides
The concept of 'education through recreation' was applied to childhood development in the 19th century. In the early 20th century, the concept was broadened to include young adults but the emphasis was on physical activities. L.P. Jacks, also an early proponent of lifelong learning, described education through recreation: "A master in the art of living draws no sharp distinction between his work and his play, his labour and his leisure, his mind and his body, his education and his recreation. He hardly knows which is which. He simply pursues his vision of excellence through whatever he is doing and leaves others to determine whether he is working or playing. To himself he always seems to be doing both. Enough for him that he does it well." Education through recreation is the opportunity to learn in a seamless fashion through all of life's activities. The concept has been revived by the University of Western Ontario to teach anatomy to medical students.

question: When was the 'education through recreation" applied to childhood?, answer: 19th century | question: When was the concept of 'education through recreation' changed and expanded?, answer: 20th century | question: What changed when the concept was broadened?, answer: to include young adults
The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding RNAs. Therefore, a broad, modern working definition of a gene is any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product or by regulation of gene expression.

question: What can regulatory regions of a gene be far removed from?, answer: its coding regions | question: What can coding regions be split into?, answer: several exons | question: What do some viruses store their genome in instead of DNA?, answer: RNA | question: What are some gene products?, answer: functional non-coding RNAs | question: What is a broad, modern working definition of a gene?, answer: any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product
The concept of a group arose from the study of polynomial equations, starting with Évariste Galois in the 1830s. After contributions from other fields such as number theory and geometry, the group notion was generalized and firmly established around 1870. Modern group theory—an active mathematical discipline—studies groups in their own right.a[›] To explore groups, mathematicians have devised various notions to break groups into smaller, better-understandable pieces, such as subgroups, quotient groups and simple groups. In addition to their abstract properties, group theorists also study the different ways in which a group can be expressed concretely (its group representations), both from a theoretical and a computational point of view. A theory has been developed for finite groups, which culminated with the classification of finite simple groups announced in 1983.aa[›] Since the mid-1980s, geometric group theory, which studies finitely generated groups as geometric objects, has become a particularly active area in group theory.

question: Where did the idea of a group come from?, answer: the study of polynomial equations, | question: When was the group notion summed up and solidly settled?, answer: 1870 | question: What are smaller and easier to understand groups broken down into?, answer: subgroups, quotient groups and simple groups. | question: When was announcement for the classification of finite simple groups?, answer: 1983
The concept of biological race has declined significantly in frequency of use in physical anthropology in the United States during the 20th century. A majority of physical anthropologists in the United States have rejected the concept of biological races. Since 1932, an increasing number of college textbooks introducing physical anthropology have rejected race as a valid concept: from 1932 to 1976, only seven out of thirty-two rejected race; from 1975 to 1984, thirteen out of thirty-three rejected race; from 1985 to 1993, thirteen out of nineteen rejected race. According to one academic journal entry, where 78 percent of the articles in the 1931 Journal of Physical Anthropology employed these or nearly synonymous terms reflecting a bio-race paradigm, only 36 percent did so in 1965, and just 28 percent did in 1996.

question: What concept's use has declined significantly in the U.S. during the 20th century?, answer: biological race | question: The majority of what group in the U.S. has rejected the concept of biological races?, answer: physical anthropologists | question: What textbooks introducing anthropology have rejected race as a valid concept since 1932?, answer: college | question: How many books out of 33, from 1975 to 1984, rejected race?, answer: thirteen | question: What percentage of articles in 1996 employed a bio-race paradigm?, answer: 28 percent