lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In the first large-scale depictions during the early archaic period (640–580 BC), the artists tried to draw one's attention to look into the interior of the face and the body which were not represented as lifeless masses, but as being full of life. The Greeks maintained, until late in their civilization, an almost animistic idea that the statues are in some sense alive. This embodies the belief that the image was somehow the god or man himself. A fine example is the statue of the Sacred gate Kouros which was found at the cemetery of Dipylon in Athens (Dipylon Kouros). The statue is the "thing in itself", and his slender face with the deep eyes express an intellectual eternity. According to the Greek tradition the Dipylon master was named Daedalus, and in his statues the limbs were freed from the body, giving the impression that the statues could move. It is considered that he created also the New York kouros, which is the oldest fully preserved statue of Kouros type, and seems to be the incarnation of the god himself.

question: The period between 640-580 BC was known as what?, answer: early archaic period | question: What was the name of the Dipylon master?, answer: Daedalus | question: Who created the New York kouros?, answer: Daedalus
In the first post war years Tito was widely considered a communist leader very loyal to Moscow, indeed, he was often viewed as second only to Stalin in the Eastern Bloc. In fact, Stalin and Tito had an uneasy alliance from the start, with Stalin considering Tito too independent.

question: Who was Tito considered loyal to?, answer: Moscow | question: Who was Tito considered second to in the Eastern bloc?, answer: Stalin | question: With whom did Tito have an uneasy alliance form the start?, answer: Stalin | question: Who considered Tito too independent?, answer: Stalin | question: Who was considered loyal to Moscow?, answer: Tito
In the first session of the new Congress of People's Deputies, from May 25 to June 9, hardliners retained control but reformers used the legislature as a platform for debate and criticism – which was broadcast live and uncensored. This transfixed the population; nothing like this freewheeling debate had ever been witnessed in the U.S.S.R. On May 29, Yeltsin managed to secure a seat on the Supreme Soviet, and in the summer he formed the first opposition, the Inter-Regional Deputies Group, composed of Russian nationalists and liberals. Composing the final legislative group in the Soviet Union, those elected in 1989 played a vital part in reforms and the eventual breakup of the Soviet Union during the next two years.

question: Who used the legislative session to debate and criticize?, answer: reformers | question: Who made up the Inter-Regional Deputies Group?, answer: Russian nationalists and liberals. | question: When did Yeltsin acquire a seat on the Supreme Soviet?, answer: May 29
In the first volume of his Parerga and Paralipomena, Schopenhauer wrote his "Sketch of a History of the Doctrine of the Ideal and the Real". He defined the ideal as being mental pictures that constitute subjective knowledge. The ideal, for him, is what can be attributed to our own minds. The images in our head are what comprise the ideal. Schopenhauer emphasized that we are restricted to our own consciousness. The world that appears is only a representation or mental picture of objects. We directly and immediately know only representations. All objects that are external to the mind are known indirectly through the mediation of our mind. He offered a history of the concept of the "ideal" as "ideational" or "existing in the mind as an image".

question: Who wrote Parerga and Paralipomena?, answer: Schopenhauer | question: What type of knowledge did Schopenhauer believe the ideal to be?, answer: subjective | question: According to Schopenhauer, to what can the ideal be attributed?, answer: our own minds | question: What did Schopenhauer believe we were restricted to?, answer: our own consciousness | question: What did Schopenhauer believe were the only things we could know?, answer: representations
In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the number of beer houses was continuing to rise and in some towns nearly every other house in a street could be a beer house. Finally in 1869 the growth had to be checked by magisterial control and new licensing laws were introduced. Only then was it made harder to get a licence, and the licensing laws which operate today were formulated.

question: How many beer houses opened their doors in the inaugural year of the Beer Act?, answer: 400 | question: How many beer houses existed throughout Britain eight years after the passage of the Beer Act?, answer: 46,000 | question: In what year were additional licensing laws introduced for beer houses?, answer: 1869
In the floor, just inside the great west door, in the centre of the nave, is the tomb of The Unknown Warrior, an unidentified British soldier killed on a European battlefield during the First World War. He was buried in the abbey on 11 November 1920. This grave is the only one in the abbey on which it is forbidden to walk.[citation needed]

question: When was The Unknown Warrior buried?, answer: 11 November 1920
In the following century Ravenna, the capital of the Western Roman Empire, became the center of late Roman mosaic art (see details in Ravenna section). Milan also served as the capital of the western empire in the 4th century. In the St Aquilinus Chapel of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, mosaics executed in the late 4th and early 5th centuries depict Christ with the Apostles and the Abduction of Elijah; these mosaics are outstanding for their bright colors, naturalism and adherence to the classical canons of order and proportion. The surviving apse mosaic of the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, which shows Christ enthroned between Saint Gervasius and Saint Protasius and angels before a golden background date back to the 5th and to the 8th century, although it was restored many times later. The baptistery of the basilica, which was demolished in the 15th century, had a vault covered with gold-leaf tesserae, large quantities of which were found when the site was excavated. In the small shrine of San Vittore in ciel d'oro, now a chapel of Sant'Ambrogio, every surface is covered with mosaics from the second half of the 5th century. Saint Victor is depicted in the center of the golden dome, while figures of saints are shown on the walls before a blue background. The low spandrels give space for the symbols of the four Evangelists.

question: Which city besides Ravenna served as the capital of the Western Roman Empire?, answer: Milan | question: What is the name of the mosaic in the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio?, answer: apse | question: The shrine of San Vittore in ciel d'oro had mosaics from which century?, answer: the 5th century | question: Who do the mosaics at the the basilica of San Lorenzo depict as being abducted?, answer: Elijah | question: When was the baptistry at the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio demolished?, answer: the 15th century
In the following decades there was a constant battle between the company lobby and the Parliament. The company sought a permanent establishment, while the Parliament would not willingly allow it greater autonomy and so relinquish the opportunity to exploit the company's profits. In 1712, another act renewed the status of the company, though the debts were repaid. By 1720, 15% of British imports were from India, almost all passing through the company, which reasserted the influence of the company lobby. The licence was prolonged until 1766 by yet another act in 1730.

question: in 1720 what % of import goods were from India?, answer: 15% | question: Who passed the acts that effected the profits of East india company, answer: Parliament | question: Who argued against parliament on the trade issue that involded the East India Company, answer: company lobby
In the following months, NATO took a wide range of measures to respond to the threat of terrorism. On 22 November 2002, the member states of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) decided on a Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism, which explicitly states, "EAPC States are committed to the protection and promotion of fundamental freedoms and human rights, as well as the rule of law, in combating terrorism." NATO started naval operations in the Mediterranean Sea designed to prevent the movement of terrorists or weapons of mass destruction as well as to enhance the security of shipping in general called Operation Active Endeavour.

question: Who declared the Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism?, answer: member states of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council | question: When was the Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism announced?, answer: 22 November 2002 | question: Where did NATO begin naval operations after 2002?, answer: the Mediterranean Sea | question: What was NATO's operation in the Mediterranean called?, answer: Operation Active Endeavour
In the following two decades after Sianis' ill will, the Cubs played mostly forgettable baseball, finishing among the worst teams in the National League on an almost annual basis. Longtime infielder/manager Phil Cavarretta, who had been a key player during the '45 season, was fired during spring training in 1954 after admitting the team was unlikely to finish above fifth place. Although shortstop Ernie Banks would become one of the star players in the league during the next decade, finding help for him proved a difficult task, as quality players such as Hank Sauer were few and far between. This, combined with poor ownership decisions such as the College of Coaches, and the ill-fated trade of future Hall of Famer Lou Brock to the Cardinals for pitcher Ernie Broglio (who won only 7 games over the next three seasons), hampered on-field performance.

question: Who had been a key player in the 1945 season?, answer: Phil Cavarretta | question: What season was Phil Cavarretta a key player for the Cubs?, answer: the '45 season | question: Who was fired during spring training in 1954 after admitting the Cubs were unlikely to finish above fifth place?, answer: Phil Cavarretta
In the following year, Bell became professor of Vocal Physiology and Elocution at the Boston University School of Oratory. During this period, he alternated between Boston and Brantford, spending summers in his Canadian home. At Boston University, Bell was "swept up" by the excitement engendered by the many scientists and inventors residing in the city. He continued his research in sound and endeavored to find a way to transmit musical notes and articulate speech, but although absorbed by his experiments, he found it difficult to devote enough time to experimentation. While days and evenings were occupied by his teaching and private classes, Bell began to stay awake late into the night, running experiment after experiment in rented facilities at his boarding house. Keeping "night owl" hours, he worried that his work would be discovered and took great pains to lock up his notebooks and laboratory equipment. Bell had a specially made table where he could place his notes and equipment inside a locking cover. Worse still, his health deteriorated as he suffered severe headaches. Returning to Boston in fall 1873, Bell made a fateful decision to concentrate on his experiments in sound.

question: With what school did Bell get his next teaching job?, answer: Boston University School of Oratory. | question: What was Bell's discipline?, answer: Vocal Physiology and Elocution | question: What did Bell do late at night?, answer: experiments | question: What health condition did Bell start to have?, answer: headaches | question: In what year did Bell start to focus on research into sound?, answer: 1873
In the former Soviet Union, electric traction eventually became somewhat more energy-efficient than diesel. Partly due to inefficient generation of electricity in the USSR (only 20.8% thermal efficiency in 1950 vs. 36.2% in 1975), in 1950 diesel traction was about twice as energy efficient as electric traction (in terms of net tonne-km of freight per kg of fuel). But as efficiency of electricity generation (and thus of electric traction) improved, by about 1965 electric railways became more efficient than diesel. After the mid 1970s electrics used about 25% less fuel per ton-km. However diesels were mainly used on single track lines with a fair amount of traffic so that the lower fuel consumption of electrics may be in part due to better operating conditions on electrified lines (such as double tracking) rather than inherent energy efficiency. Nevertheless, the cost of diesel fuel was about 1.5 times more (per unit of heat energy content) than that of the fuel used in electric power plants (that generated electricity), thus making electric railways even more energy-cost effective.

question: What type of trains became more energy-efficient in the former Soviet Union?, answer: electric | question: What year could be marked as year when electric railways more efficient than diesel ones?, answer: 1965 | question: How much fuel did electric train used less than diesel in the middle of 1970 in USSR?, answer: 25% less fuel per ton-km | question: What could be a factor of lower energy consumption for electric trains?, answer: better operating conditions on electrified lines | question: How much more expensive was diesel compare to electricity per unit?, answer: 1.5 times more (per unit of heat energy content
In the general election, Kerry was initially favored to defeat the Republican candidate, former State Representative Paul W. Cronin, and conservative Democrat Roger P. Durkin, who ran as an Independent. A week after the primary, one poll put Kerry 26-points ahead of Cronin. His campaign called for a national health insurance system, discounted prescription drugs for the unemployed, a jobs programme to clean up the Merrimack River and rent controls in Lowell and Lawrence. A major obstacle, however, was the district's leading newspaper, the conservative The Sun. The paper editorialized against him. It also ran critical news stories about his out-of-state contributions and his "carpetbagging", because he had only moved into the district in April. Subsequently released "Watergate" Oval Office tape recordings of the Nixon White House showed that defeating Kerry's candidacy had attracted the personal attention of President Nixon. Kerry himself asserts that Nixon sent operatives to Lowell to help derail his campaign.

question: What party did Durkin run as?, answer: Independent | question: How far ahead of Cronin did Kerry poll?, answer: 26-points | question: What slant did The Sun have?, answer: conservative | question: Who did Kerry say tried to stop his campaign?, answer: President Nixon | question: How did Kerry want to create jobs?, answer: a jobs programme to clean up the Merrimack River
In the general election, against the advice of his advisors, Eisenhower insisted on campaigning in the South, refusing to surrender the region to the Democratic Party. The campaign strategy, dubbed "K1C2", was to focus on attacking the Truman and Roosevelt administrations on three issues: Korea, Communism and corruption. In an effort to accommodate the right, he stressed that the liberation of Eastern Europe should be by peaceful means only; he also distanced himself from his former boss President Truman.

question: In what part of the country, previously neglected by Republican presidential candidates, did Eisenhower campaign?, answer: South | question: Along with Korea and Communism, what issue did Eisenhower attack Truman on?, answer: corruption | question: What was the strategy called that was used by Eisenhower's campaign?, answer: K1C2 | question: How did Eisenhower claim Eastern Europe should be liberated?, answer: peaceful means
In the generations after emigration from the west, Jewish communities in places like Poland, Russia, and Belarus enjoyed a comparatively stable socio-political environment. A thriving publishing industry and the printing of hundreds of biblical commentaries precipitated the development of the Hasidic movement as well as major Jewish academic centers. After two centuries of comparative tolerance in the new nations, massive westward emigration occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries in response to pogroms in the east and the economic opportunities offered in other parts of the world. Ashkenazi Jews have made up the majority of the American Jewish community since 1750.

question: After emigration from the west, did Jewish communities in places like Poland have a stable or unstable sociopolitical environment?, answer: a comparatively stable socio-political environment | question: What precipitated the development of the Hasidic movement?, answer: A thriving publishing industry and the printing of hundreds of biblical commentaries | question: Massive western emigration occurred around what time?, answer: in the 19th and 20th centuries | question: Ashkenazi Jews have made up the majority of the American Jewish community since when?, answer: 1750
In the greater metropolitan area, 13% of the population live below the poverty line. According to a 2012 report submitted by GHMC to the World Bank, Hyderabad has 1,476 slums with a total population of 1.7 million, of whom 66% live in 985 slums in the "core" of the city (the part that formed Hyderabad before the April 2007 expansion) and the remaining 34% live in 491 suburban tenements. About 22% of the slum-dwelling households had migrated from different parts of India in the last decade of the 20th century, and 63% claimed to have lived in the slums for more than 10 years.:55 Overall literacy in the slums is 60–80% and female literacy is 52–73%. A third of the slums have basic service connections, and the remainder depend on general public services provided by the government. There are 405 government schools, 267 government aided schools, 175 private schools and 528 community halls in the slum areas.:70 According to a 2008 survey by the Centre for Good Governance, 87.6% of the slum-dwelling households are nuclear families, 18% are very poor, with an income up to ₹20000 (US$300) per annum, 73% live below the poverty line (a standard poverty line recognised by the Andhra Pradesh Government is ₹24000 (US$360) per annum), 27% of the chief wage earners (CWE) are casual labour and 38% of the CWE are illiterate. About 3.72% of the slum children aged 5–14 do not go to school and 3.17% work as child labour, of whom 64% are boys and 36% are girls. The largest employers of child labour are street shops and construction sites. Among the working children, 35% are engaged in hazardous jobs.:59

question: Which percentage of Hyderabad's population is below the poverty line?, answer: 13% | question: What population of Hyderabad lived in slums in 2012?, answer: 1.7 million | question: What is the literacy rate in the slums of Hyderabad?, answer: 60–80% | question: In the slums of Hyderabad how many private schools are there?, answer: 175 | question: What percentage of children in Hyderabad are working hazardous jobs?, answer: 35%
In the groups Z/nZ introduced above, the element 1 is primitive, so these groups are cyclic. Indeed, each element is expressible as a sum all of whose terms are 1. Any cyclic group with n elements is isomorphic to this group. A second example for cyclic groups is the group of n-th complex roots of unity, given by complex numbers z satisfying zn = 1. These numbers can be visualized as the vertices on a regular n-gon, as shown in blue at the right for n = 6. The group operation is multiplication of complex numbers. In the picture, multiplying with z corresponds to a counter-clockwise rotation by 60°. Using some field theory, the group Fp× can be shown to be cyclic: for example, if p = 5, 3 is a generator since 31 = 3, 32 = 9 ≡ 4, 33 ≡ 2, and 34 ≡ 1.

question: What is a group labeled when the element 1 is primitive?, answer: cyclic | question: What group is isomorphic to cyclic groups?, answer: Any cyclic group with n elements | question: What example of cyclic group satisfies the express of zn = 1?, answer: the group of n-th complex roots of unity
In the high Renaissance, in fact, there was a hope that more direct knowledge of the wisdom of antiquity, including the writings of the Church fathers, the earliest known Greek texts of the Christian Gospels, and in some cases even the Jewish Kabbalah, would initiate a harmonious new era of universal agreement. With this end in view, Renaissance Church authorities afforded humanists what in retrospect appears a remarkable degree of freedom of thought. One humanist, the Greek Orthodox Platonist Gemistus Pletho (1355–1452), based in Mystras, Greece (but in contact with humanists in Florence, Venice, and Rome) taught a Christianised version of pagan polytheism.

question: What is one religious text that was thought to eventually lead to a peace between all?, answer: the Jewish Kabbalah | question: Who gave followers of Humanism the ability to think out of bounds?, answer: Renaissance Church authorities | question: Who gave followers of Humanism the ability to think out of bounds?, answer: era of universal agreement | question: What cities may have influenced the beliefs of Gemistus Pleto?, answer: Florence, Venice, and Rome
In the high villages people live in homes built according to medieval designs that withstand cold winters. The kitchen is separated from the living area (called the stube, the area of the home heated by a stove), and second-floor bedrooms benefit from rising heat. The typical Swiss chalet originated in the Bernese Oberland. Chalets often face south or downhill, and are built of solid wood, with a steeply gabled roof to allow accumulated snow to slide off easily. Stairs leading to upper levels are sometimes built on the outside, and balconies are sometimes enclosed.

question: What do people in high villages build their homes according to?, answer: medieval designs that withstand cold winters | question: What is the area of the home heated by a stove called?, answer: the stube | question: The typic Swiss chalet originated from where?, answer: the Bernese Oberland | question: Which direction do Chalets often face?, answer: south or downhill | question: What are Chalets built of?, answer: solid wood
In the hindgut (element 16 in numbered diagram), or proctodaeum, undigested food particles are joined by uric acid to form fecal pellets. The rectum absorbs 90% of the water in these fecal pellets, and the dry pellet is then eliminated through the anus (element 17), completing the process of digestion. The uric acid is formed using hemolymph waste products diffused from the Malpighian tubules (element 20). It is then emptied directly into the alimentary canal, at the junction between the midgut and hindgut. The number of Malpighian tubules possessed by a given insect varies between species, ranging from only two tubules in some insects to over 100 tubules in others.:71–72, 78–80

question: What is a proctodaeum?, answer: the hindgut | question: What kind of food particles have uric acid?, answer: undigested | question: What kind of acid forms fecal pellets?, answer: uric acid | question: An insects rectum absorbs how much water?, answer: 90% | question: Where is an insects dry pellet discarded through?, answer: the anus