lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
According to statute, Qing society was divided into relatively closed estates, of which in most general terms there were five. Apart from the estates of the officials, the comparatively minuscule aristocracy, and the degree-holding literati, there also existed a major division among ordinary Chinese between commoners and people with inferior status. They were divided into two categories: one of them, the good "commoner" people, the other "mean" people. The majority of the population belonged to the first category and were described as liangmin, a legal term meaning good people, as opposed to jianmin meaning the mean (or ignoble) people. Qing law explicitly stated that the traditional four occupational groups of scholars, farmers, artisans and merchants were "good", or having a status of commoners. On the other hand, slaves or bondservants, entertainers (including prostitutes and actors), and those low-level employees of government officials were the "mean people". Mean people were considered legally inferior to commoners and suffered unequal treatments, forbidden to take the imperial examination.

question: How many estates were there in Qing society?, answer: five | question: What 2 groups were normal Chinese broken into?, answer: the good "commoner" people, the other "mean" people | question: What was the legal term for commoner?, answer: liangmin
According to the 2000 edition of a popular physical anthropology textbook, forensic anthropologists are overwhelmingly in support of the idea of the basic biological reality of human races. Forensic physical anthropologist and professor George W. Gill has said that the idea that race is only skin deep "is simply not true, as any experienced forensic anthropologist will affirm" and "Many morphological features tend to follow geographic boundaries coinciding often with climatic zones. This is not surprising since the selective forces of climate are probably the primary forces of nature that have shaped human races with regard not only to skin color and hair form but also the underlying bony structures of the nose, cheekbones, etc. (For example, more prominent noses humidify air better.)" While he can see good arguments for both sides, the complete denial of the opposing evidence "seems to stem largely from socio-political motivation and not science at all". He also states that many biological anthropologists see races as real yet "not one introductory textbook of physical anthropology even presents that perspective as a possibility. In a case as flagrant as this, we are not dealing with science but rather with blatant, politically motivated censorship".

question: What group of anthropologists overwhelmingly support the idea of human races?, answer: forensic | question: What does George W. Gill think about the veracity of the idea that race is only skin deep?, answer: simply not true | question: What are probably the primary forces of nature which shaped human races?, answer: selective forces of climate | question: What does Gill think the complete denial of opposing evidence stems from?, answer: socio-political motivation | question: What does Gill attribute the lack of presenting the perspective as a possibility to?, answer: politically motivated censorship
According to the 2002 Census, 4.6% of the Chilean population, including the Rapanui (a Polynesian people) of Easter Island, was indigenous, although most show varying degrees of mixed heritage. Many are descendants of the Mapuche, and live in Santiago, Araucanía and the lake district. The Mapuche successfully fought off defeat in the first 300–350 years of Spanish rule during the Arauco War. Relations with the new Chilean Republic were good until the Chilean state decided to occupy their lands. During the Occupation of Araucanía the Mapuche surrendered to the country's army in the 1880s. Their land was opened to settlement by Chileans and Europeans. Conflict over Mapuche land rights continues to the present.

question: What is the name for the Polynesian people living on Easter Island?, answer: the Rapanui | question: What percent of the Chilean population were indigenous according to the 2002 census?, answer: 4.6% | question: Who are many of the people of Chile the descendants of?, answer: the Mapuche | question: How long were the Mapuche able to fight off the Spaniards?, answer: 350 years | question: When did the Mapuche surrender to the Chilean army?, answer: 1880s
According to the 2006 census carried out by Northern Cyprus, there were 256,644 (de jure) people living in Northern Cyprus. 178,031 were citizens of Northern Cyprus, of whom 147,405 were born in Cyprus (112,534 from the north; 32,538 from the south; 371 did not indicate what part of Cyprus they were from); 27,333 born in Turkey; 2,482 born in the UK and 913 born in Bulgaria. Of the 147,405 citizens born in Cyprus, 120,031 say both parents were born in Cyprus; 16,824 say both parents born in Turkey; 10,361 have one parent born in Turkey and one parent born in Cyprus.

question: How many people were living in Northern Cyprus according to the 2006 census?, answer: 256,644 | question: How many citizens born in Cyprus also have parents who were born in Cyprus?, answer: 120,031 | question: How many of the citizens in Northern Cyprus was born in Cyprus?, answer: 147,405
According to the 2009 American Community Survey, White Americans of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin represented over one-fifth (22.9%) of the Bronx's population. However, non-Hispanic whites formed under one-eighth (12.1%) of the population, down from 34.4% in 1980. Out of all five boroughs, the Bronx has the lowest number and percentage of white residents. 320,640 whites called the Bronx home, of which 168,570 were non-Hispanic whites. The majority of the non-Hispanic European American population is of Italian and Irish descent. People of Italian descent numbered over 55,000 individuals and made up 3.9% of the population. People of Irish descent numbered over 43,500 individuals and made up 3.1% of the population. German Americans and Polish Americans made up 1.4% and 0.8% of the population respectively.

question: How much of the Bronx is white (including Hispanic) as of 2009?, answer: 22.9% | question: How much of the Bronx was non-Hispanic white as of 1980?, answer: 12.1% | question: How much of the Bronx was non-Hispanic white as of 2009?, answer: 34.4% | question: How many white people live in the Bronx?, answer: 320,640 | question: How many non-Hispanic white people live in the Bronx?, answer: 168,570
According to the 2010 Census, 53.5% of Bronx's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race); 30.1% non-Hispanic Black or African American, 10.9% of the population was non-Hispanic White, 3.4% non-Hispanic Asian, 0.6% from some other race (non-Hispanic) and 1.2% of two or more races (non-Hispanic). The U.S. Census considers the Bronx to be the most diverse area in the country. There is an 89.7 percent chance that any two residents, chosen at random, would be of different race or ethnicity.

question: How much of the Bronx's population is Hispanic?, answer: 53.5% | question: How much of the Bronx's population is non-Hispanic White?, answer: 10.9% | question: How much of the Bronx's population is non-Hispanic Black?, answer: 30.1% | question: How much of the Bronx's population is non-Hispanic Asian?, answer: 3.4% | question: How much of the Bronx's population is non-Hispanic multiracial?, answer: 1.2%
According to the 2010 Census, whites made up 51% of Houston's population; 26% of the total population were non-Hispanic whites. Blacks or African Americans made up 25% of Houston's population. American Indians made up 0.7% of the population. Asians made up 6% (1.7% Vietnamese, 1.3% Chinese, 1.3% Indian, 0.9% Pakistani, 0.4% Filipino, 0.3% Korean, 0.1% Japanese), while Pacific Islanders made up 0.1%. Individuals from some other race made up 15.2% of the city's population, of which 0.2% were non-Hispanic. Individuals from two or more races made up 3.3% of the city. At the 2000 Census, there were 1,953,631 people and the population density was 3,371.7 people per square mile (1,301.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 49.3% White, 25.3% African American, 5.3% Asian, 0.7% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 16.5% from some other race, and 3.1% from two or more races. In addition, Hispanics made up 37.4% of Houston's population while non-Hispanic whites made up 30.8%, down from 62.4% in 1970.

question: How much of Houston's population is white?, answer: 51% | question: What percentage of Houston's population is African-American?, answer: 25% | question: What group makes up 6 % of Houston's population?, answer: Asians | question: According to the 2000 census, what is the population of Houston?, answer: 1,953,631 | question: What was the percentage of whites in 1970?, answer: 62.4%
According to the 2010 revison of the UN World Population Prospects, Guinea-Bissau's population was 1,515,000 in 2010, compared to 518,000 in 1950. The proportion of the population below the age of 15 in 2010 was 41.3%, 55.4% were aged between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.3% were aged 65 years or older.

question: What was the population of Guinea-Bissau in 1950?, answer: 518,000 | question: What was the population of Guinea-Bissau in 2010?, answer: 1,515,000 | question: What is the source of the population data?, answer: the 2010 revison of the UN World Population Prospects | question: What percentage of the population was below the age of 15?, answer: 41.3% | question: What percentage of the population was 65 or older?, answer: 3.3%
According to the 2014 United States Census estimates, there were 1,560,297 people residing in the City of Philadelphia, representing a 2.2% increase since 2010. From the 1960s up until 2006, the city's population declined year after year. It eventually reached a low of 1,488,710 residents in 2006 before beginning to rise again. Since 2006, Philadelphia added 71,587 residents in eight years. A study done by the city projected that the population would increase to about 1,630,000 residents by 2035, an increase of about 100,000 from 2010.

question: What is the 2014 population?, answer: 1,560,297 | question: When was the low point in Philadelphia's population?, answer: 2006 | question: How much is the population predicted to grow by 2035?, answer: 100,000
According to the American National Standards Institute, pitch is the auditory attribute of sound according to which sounds can be ordered on a scale from low to high. Since pitch is such a close proxy for frequency, it is almost entirely determined by how quickly the sound wave is making the air vibrate and has almost nothing to do with the intensity, or amplitude, of the wave. That is, "high" pitch means very rapid oscillation, and "low" pitch corresponds to slower oscillation. Despite that, the idiom relating vertical height to sound pitch is shared by most languages. At least in English, it is just one of many deep conceptual metaphors that involve up/down. The exact etymological history of the musical sense of high and low pitch is still unclear. There is evidence that humans do actually perceive that the source of a sound is slightly higher or lower in vertical space when the sound frequency is increased or decreased.

question: Pitch is the auditory attribute to what?, answer: sound | question: Pitch is a close proxy for what?, answer: frequency | question: High pitch is what type of oscillation?, answer: rapid | question: Low pitch is what type of oscillation?, answer: slower
According to the Boston Herald, dated July 23, 2010, Kerry commissioned construction on a new $7 million yacht (a Friendship 75) in New Zealand and moored it in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, where the Friendship yacht company is based. The article claimed this allowed him to avoid paying Massachusetts taxes on the property including approximately $437,500 in sales tax and an annual excise tax of about $500. However, on July 27, 2010, Kerry stated he had yet to take legal possession of the boat, had not intended to avoid the taxes, and that when he took possession, he would pay the taxes whether he owed them or not.

question: What type of yacht did Kerry buy?, answer: a Friendship 75 | question: How expensive was Kerry's yacht?, answer: $7 million | question: Where was Kerry's yacht built?, answer: New Zealand | question: How much sales tax did Kerry owe on the yacht?, answer: $437,500 | question: Which state received Kerry's yacht's sales tax?, answer: Massachusetts
According to the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1907-1912, materialism, defined as "a philosophical system which regards matter as the only reality in the world [...] denies the existence of God and the soul". Materialism, in this view, therefore becomes incompatible with most world religions, including Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. In such a context one can conflate materialism with atheism. Most of Hinduism and transcendentalism regards all matter as an illusion called Maya, blinding humans from knowing "the truth". Maya is the limited, purely physical and mental reality in which our everyday consciousness has become entangled. Maya gets destroyed for a person when s/he perceives Brahman with transcendental knowledge.

question: Based on the above definition, materialism is not consistent with what?, answer: religions
According to the Census Bureau, the median household income in 2013 was $36,836, down 7.9 percent from 2008 when the median household income was $40,008 (in 2013 dollars). For comparison, the median household income among metropolitan areas was $60,482, down 8.2 percent in the same period, and the national median household income was $55,250, down 7.0 percent from 2008. The city's wealth disparity is evident when neighborhoods are compared. Residents in Society Hill had a median household income of $93,720 while residents in one of North Philadelphia's districts reported the lowest median household income, $14,185.

question: What was the median household income in 2013?, answer: $36,836 | question: What is the name of a wealthy neighborhood?, answer: Society Hill | question: What is the lowest median income in Philadelphia?, answer: $14,185
According to the Centre for Law and Democracy (CLD) and the African Union/United Nations Information Support Team (IST), Somalia did not have systemic internet blocking or filtering as of December 2012. The application of content standards online was also unclear.

question: What is the IST?, answer: Information Support Team | question: As of December 2012, Somalia did not have systematic what?, answer: internet blocking or filtering | question: What internet standards were also unlear as of December, 2012?, answer: content standards online
According to the Constitution of Estonia (Estonian: Põhiseadus) the supreme power of the state is vested in the people. The people exercise their supreme power of the state on the elections of the Riigikogu through citizens who have the right to vote. The supreme judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court or Riigikohus, with nineteen justices. The Chief Justice is appointed by the parliament for nine years on nomination by the president. The official Head of State is the President of Estonia, who gives assent to the laws passed by Riigikogu, also having the right of sending them back and proposing new laws.

question: What document declares supreme power for the people?, answer: the Constitution of Estonia | question: Who holds supreme judicial power in Estonia?, answer: the Supreme Court or Riigikohus | question: How many judges are on Estonia's supreme court?, answer: nineteen | question: How many years does the Chief justice serve?, answer: nine
According to the Constitution, executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Government. From the Constitutional amendment of 1986 the President's duties were curtailed to a significant extent, and they are now largely ceremonial; most political power thus lies in the hands of the Prime Minister. The position of Prime Minister, Greece's head of government, belongs to the current leader of the political party that can obtain a vote of confidence by the Parliament. The President of the Republic formally appoints the Prime Minister and, on his recommendation, appoints and dismisses the other members of the Cabinet.

question: The constitution was amended to reduce the President's power in what year?, answer: 1986 | question: Who has the most political power in Greece?, answer: Prime Minister | question: The Prime Minister is elected by who?, answer: the Parliament | question: Who formally names the Prime Minister?, answer: President of the Republic
According to the Crisis Group, since Myanmar transitioned to a new government in August 2011, the country's human rights record has been improving. Previously giving Myanmar its lowest rating of 7, the 2012 Freedom in the World report also notes improvement, giving Myanmar a 6 for improvements in civil liberties and political rights, the release of political prisoners, and a loosening of restrictions. In 2013, Myanmar improved yet again, receiving a score of five in civil liberties and a six in political freedoms

question: What is the name of the individuals who gave relevant information on the recent events in Burma ?, answer: the Crisis Group | question: Have there been any advances in the human rights situation in Myanmar?, answer: the country's human rights record has been improving | question: What is the current rating of for Burma from the Freedom in the World report and what caused the current standing ?, answer: Myanmar improved yet again, receiving a score of five in civil liberties and a six in political freedom | question: What caused Myanmar to receive a rating of 6?, answer: improvements in civil liberties and political rights, the release of political prisoners, and a loosening of restrictions. | question: What was the previous rating for Burma?, answer: lowest rating of 7
According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reports, in 2010 the Raleigh Police Department and other agencies in the city reported 1,740 incidents of violent crime and 12,995 incidents of property crime – far below both the national average and the North Carolina average. Of the violent crimes reported, 14 were murders, 99 were forcible rapes and 643 were robberies. Aggravated assault accounted for 984 of the total violent crimes. Property crimes included burglaries which accounted for 3,021, larcenies for 9,104 and arson for 63 of the total number of incidents. Motor vehicle theft accounted for 870 incidents out of the total.

question: How many incidents of violent crime were there in 2010?, answer: 1,740 | question: What were there 12,995 of in 2010?, answer: property crime | question: How does Raleigh compare in crime to the rest of the country?, answer: far below both the national average | question: How many murders were in Raleigh in 2010?, answer: 14 | question: How many incidents of motor vehicle theft were there in 2010?, answer: 870
According to the First Epistle to the Corinthians (1 Cor. 15:4), Jesus was raised from the dead ("on the third day" counting the day of crucifixion as the first) and according to the canonical Gospels, appeared to his disciples on different occasions before ascending to heaven. The account given in Acts of the Apostles, which says Jesus remained with the apostles for forty days, appears to differ from the account in the Gospel of Luke, which makes no clear distinction between the events of Easter Sunday and the Ascension. However, most biblical scholars agree that St. Luke also wrote the Acts of the Apostles as a follow-up volume to his Gospel account, and the two works must be considered as a whole.

question: Which Epistle details the raising of Jesus?, answer: First Epistle to the Corinthians | question: Which writing detailed Jesus' appearance before ascension?, answer: canonical Gospels | question: How long did Jesus stay with the Apostles per the Acts of the Apostles?, answer: forty days | question: What day is accounted in the Gospel of Luke as the ascension?, answer: Easter Sunday | question: Who wrote both accounts of the Crucifixion and ascension?, answer: St. Luke
According to the Framework Law (3549/2007), Public higher education "Highest Educational Institutions" (Ανώτατα Εκπαιδευτικά Ιδρύματα, Anótata Ekpaideytiká Idrýmata, "ΑΕΙ") consists of two parallel sectors:the University sector (Universities, Polytechnics, Fine Arts Schools, the Open University) and the Technological sector (Technological Education Institutions (TEI) and the School of Pedagogic and Technological Education). There are also State Non-University Tertiary Institutes offering vocationally oriented courses of shorter duration (2 to 3 years) which operate under the authority of other Ministries. Students are admitted to these Institutes according to their performance at national level examinations taking place after completion of the third grade of Lykeio. Additionally, students over twenty-two years old may be admitted to the Hellenic Open University through a form of lottery. The Capodistrian University of Athens is the oldest university in the eastern Mediterranean.

question: What is one of the education sectors according to the Framework Law?, answer: University sector | question: How long do the Tertiary institute courses last?, answer: 2 to 3 years | question: Examinations for Tertiary institutes are given at what grade level?, answer: third grade | question: At what age may students be admitted to Hellenic university through lottery?, answer: over twenty-two years old | question: What is the oldest university in the eastern Mediterranean?, answer: The Capodistrian University of Athens
According to the Hebrew Bible narrative, Jewish ancestry is traced back to the Biblical patriarchs such as Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and the Biblical matriarchs Sarah, Rebecca, Leah, and Rachel, who lived in Canaan around the 18th century BCE. Jacob and his family migrated to Ancient Egypt after being invited to live with Jacob's son Joseph by the Pharaoh himself. The patriarchs' descendants were later enslaved until the Exodus led by Moses, traditionally dated to the 13th century BCE, after which the Israelites conquered Canaan.[citation needed]

question: Name one person that Jewish ancestry traced back to?, answer: Abraham | question: Where did Jacob and his family migrate to?, answer: Ancient Egypt | question: Who led the Exodus?, answer: Moses | question: Who was Jacob's son?, answer: Joseph | question: Who was Joseph's father?, answer: Jacob
According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/castle), сто́ящий/стоя́щий (worthwhile/standing), чудно́/чу́дно (this is odd/this is marvelous), молоде́ц/мо́лодец (attaboy/fine young man), узна́ю/узнаю́ (I shall learn it/I recognize it), отреза́ть/отре́зать (to be cutting/to have cut); to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words, especially personal and family names (афе́ра, гу́ру, Гарси́я, Оле́ша, Фе́рми), and to show which is the stressed word in a sentence (Ты́ съел печенье?/Ты съе́л печенье?/Ты съел пече́нье? – Was it you who ate the cookie?/Did you eat the cookie?/Was it the cookie that you ate?). Stress marks are mandatory in lexical dictionaries and books for children or Russian learners.

question: What organization is the Institute of Russian Language part of?, answer: Russian Academy of Sciences | question: What can optional acute accents indicate?, answer: stress | question: What is distinguished from 'lock' only by an accent, in Russian?, answer: castle | question: What is distinguished from 'this is odd' only by an accent, in Russian?, answer: this is marvelous | question: What is distinguished from 'wothwhile' only by an accent, in Russian?, answer: standing