lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC (some authors prefer to split this period into 'Classical', from the end of the Persian wars to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and 'Fourth Century', up to the death of Alexander). It is so named because it set the standards by which Greek civilization would be judged in later eras. The Classical period is also described as the "Golden Age" of Greek civilization, and its art, philosophy, architecture and literature would be instrumental in the formation and development of Western culture.

question: The time span that is counted as the classical for the Greeks is from eras ?, answer: classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC | question: What is so well known about this period ?, answer: It is so named because it set the standards by which Greek civilization would be judged in later eras | question: Are there some discrepancies among scholars for the distinction of the period ?, answer: this period into 'Classical', from the end of the Persian wars to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and 'Fourth Century', up to the death of Alexander | question: What shiny other name is this time also called ?, answer: The Classical period is also described as the "Golden Age" of Greek civilization | question: What did the Greeks do that made it possible for the expansion and growth of the opposite of the Eastern Civilization ?, answer: civilization, and its art, philosophy, architecture and literature would be instrumental in the formation and development of Western culture.
The classification of birds is a contentious issue. Sibley and Ahlquist's Phylogeny and Classification of Birds (1990) is a landmark work on the classification of birds, although it is frequently debated and constantly revised. Most evidence seems to suggest the assignment of orders is accurate, but scientists disagree about the relationships between the orders themselves; evidence from modern bird anatomy, fossils and DNA have all been brought to bear on the problem, but no strong consensus has emerged. More recently, new fossil and molecular evidence is providing an increasingly clear picture of the evolution of modern bird orders. The most recent effort is drawn above and is based on whole genome sequencing of 48 representative species.

question: Sibley and Ahlquist' Phylogeny and Classification of Birds is a landmark work on the classification of what animals?, answer: birds | question: What do scientists disagree about?, answer: relationships between the orders themselves | question: What do scientists tend to agree on?, answer: the assignment of orders is accurate
The classification of speech varieties as dialects or languages and their relationship to other varieties of speech can be controversial and the verdicts inconsistent. English and Serbo-Croatian illustrate the point. English and Serbo-Croatian each have two major variants (British and American English, and Serbian and Croatian, respectively), along with numerous other varieties. For political reasons, analyzing these varieties as "languages" or "dialects" yields inconsistent results: British and American English, spoken by close political and military allies, are almost universally regarded as dialects of a single language, whereas the standard languages of Serbia and Croatia, which differ from each other to a similar extent as the dialects of English, are being treated by some linguists from the region as distinct languages, largely because the two countries oscillate from being brotherly to being bitter enemies. (The Serbo-Croatian language article deals with this topic much more fully.)

question: Along with British English, what is the major variant of the English language?, answer: American English | question: What are the two major variants of Serbo-Croatian?, answer: Serbian and Croatian | question: Are British and American English regarded as distinct languages, or dialects of a single language?, answer: dialects of a single language | question: Do regional linguists treat Serbian and Croation as distinct languages or as dialects of a single language?, answer: distinct languages | question: Why are Serbian and Croatian often treated like distinct languages?, answer: the two countries oscillate from being brotherly to being bitter enemies
The clearance of the pathogens, either treatment-induced or spontaneous, it can be influenced by the genetic variants carried by the individual patients. For instance, for genotype 1 hepatitis C treated with Pegylated interferon-alpha-2a or Pegylated interferon-alpha-2b (brand names Pegasys or PEG-Intron) combined with ribavirin, it has been shown that genetic polymorphisms near the human IL28B gene, encoding interferon lambda 3, are associated with significant differences in the treatment-induced clearance of the virus. This finding, originally reported in Nature, showed that genotype 1 hepatitis C patients carrying certain genetic variant alleles near the IL28B gene are more possibly to achieve sustained virological response after the treatment than others. Later report from Nature demonstrated that the same genetic variants are also associated with the natural clearance of the genotype 1 hepatitis C virus.

question: What can the clearance of pathogens be influenced by in an individual?, answer: genetic variants | question: What is the brand name Pegasys for?, answer: Pegylated interferon-alpha-2b | question: What are patients carrying certain genetic variant alleles near the IL28B gene more likely to achieve?, answer: sustained virological response
The clergy was divided into two types: the secular clergy, who lived out in the world, and the regular clergy, who lived under a religious rule and were usually monks. Throughout the period monks remained a very small proportion of the population, usually less than one per cent. Most of the regular clergy were drawn from the nobility, the same social class that served as the recruiting ground for the upper levels of the secular clergy. The local parish priests were often drawn from the peasant class. Townsmen were in a somewhat unusual position, as they did not fit into the traditional three-fold division of society into nobles, clergy, and peasants. During the 12th and 13th centuries, the ranks of the townsmen expanded greatly as existing towns grew and new population centres were founded. But throughout the Middle Ages the population of the towns probably never exceeded 10 per cent of the total population.

question: What group constituted the clergy along with the regular clergy?, answer: the secular clergy | question: What type of clergy were monks?, answer: regular clergy | question: What percentage of the European population consisted of monks?, answer: less than one per cent | question: What social class did many members of the regular clergy come from?, answer: the nobility | question: From what class were many parish priests?, answer: the peasant class
The climate in San Diego, like most of Southern California, often varies significantly over short geographical distances resulting in microclimates. In San Diego, this is mostly because of the city's topography (the Bay, and the numerous hills, mountains, and canyons). Frequently, particularly during the "May gray/June gloom" period, a thick "marine layer" cloud cover will keep the air cool and damp within a few miles of the coast, but will yield to bright cloudless sunshine approximately 5–10 miles (8.0–16.1 km) inland. Sometimes the June gloom can last into July, causing cloudy skies over most of San Diego for the entire day. Even in the absence of June gloom, inland areas tend to experience much more significant temperature variations than coastal areas, where the ocean serves as a moderating influence. Thus, for example, downtown San Diego averages January lows of 50 °F (10 °C) and August highs of 78 °F (26 °C). The city of El Cajon, just 10 miles (16 km) inland from downtown San Diego, averages January lows of 42 °F (6 °C) and August highs of 88 °F (31 °C).

question: What areas experience the most significant temperature variations?, answer: inland areas | question: What is the average high temperature in El Cajon in August?, answer: 88 °F | question: What frequently blankets San Diego in May and June?, answer: a thick "marine layer" cloud cover | question: What is the average January low temperature in downtown San Diego?, answer: 50 °F (10 °C) | question: What effect does the springtime cloud cover have on the temperature?, answer: keep the air cool and damp
The climate in Southeast Alaska is a mid-latitude oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb) in the southern sections and a subarctic oceanic climate (Köppen Cfc) in the northern parts. On an annual basis, Southeast is both the wettest and warmest part of Alaska with milder temperatures in the winter and high precipitation throughout the year. Juneau averages over 50 in (130 cm) of precipitation a year, and Ketchikan averages over 150 in (380 cm). This is also the only region in Alaska in which the average daytime high temperature is above freezing during the winter months.

question: How much precipitation does Juno receive each year?, answer: over 50 in | question: In what region of Alaska is the daytime temperature above freezing during summer?, answer: Southeast | question: Southern Alaska has what two Koppen climate classifications?, answer: mid-latitude oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb) in the southern sections and a subarctic oceanic climate (Köppen Cfc) in the northern parts | question: How much precipitation does Ketchikan receive each year?, answer: over 150 in (380 cm)
The climate in Southeast Asia is mainly tropical–hot and humid all year round with plentiful rainfall. Northern Vietnam and the Myanmar Himalayas are the only regions in Southeast Asia that feature a subtropical climate, which has a cold winter with snow. The majority of Southeast Asia has a wet and dry season caused by seasonal shift in winds or monsoon. The tropical rain belt causes additional rainfall during the monsoon season. The rain forest is the second largest on earth (with the Amazon being the largest). An exception to this type of climate and vegetation is the mountain areas in the northern region, where high altitudes lead to milder temperatures and drier landscape. Other parts fall out of this climate because they are desert like.

question: What is the climate like in Southeast Asia?, answer: tropical–hot and humid | question: Which region has the 2nd largest rain-forest in the world?, answer: Southeast Asia | question: Which regions in Southeast Asia see cold winter with snow?, answer: Northern Vietnam and the Myanmar Himalayas | question: What causes additional rainfall during monsoon?, answer: The tropical rain belt | question: What causes the Southeast Asian regions to experience wet & dry seasons?, answer: seasonal shift in winds or monsoon
The climate in the state depends mainly in the elevation of the terrain. According to Köppen climate classification the state has five major climate zones. The Sierra Madre Occidental dominates the western part of the state; there are two main climates in this area: Subtropical Highland (Cfb) and Humid Subtropical (Cwa). There are some microclimates in the state due to the varying topology mostly found in the western side of the state. The two best known microclimates are: Tropical savanna climate (Aw) in deep canyons located in the extreme southern part of the state; Continental Mediterranean climate (Dsb) in the extremely high elevations of the Sierra Madre Occidental. Satellite image to the right shows the vegetation is much greener in the west because of the cooler temperatures and larger amounts of precipitation as compared to the rest of the state.

question: Climate in the state depends mainly on what?, answer: elevation of the terrain | question: Which mountain range dominates the western part of the state?, answer: The Sierra Madre Occidental | question: Vegetation is much greener in which side of the state, east or west?, answer: west | question: Which side of the state has more precipitation?, answer: west | question: Which part of the state has the most desert; north, south, east, or west?, answer: southern
The climate is hot and humid, with a wet season from May to November. Many Pacific typhoons begin as tropical storms in the Marshall Islands region, and grow stronger as they move west toward the Mariana Islands and the Philippines.

question: When does the wet season in the Marshalls begin?, answer: May | question: In what month does the Marshall Islands wet season end?, answer: November | question: Typhoons sometimes begin as what whether event in the Marshalls?, answer: tropical storms | question: Along with the Marianas, where do typhoons that begin in the Marshalls sometimes terminate?, answer: the Philippines
The climate of Antarctica does not allow extensive vegetation to form. A combination of freezing temperatures, poor soil quality, lack of moisture, and lack of sunlight inhibit plant growth. As a result, the diversity of plant life is very low and limited in distribution. The flora of the continent largely consists of bryophytes. There are about 100 species of mosses and 25 species of liverworts, but only three species of flowering plants, all of which are found in the Antarctic Peninsula: Deschampsia antarctica (Antarctic hair grass), Colobanthus quitensis (Antarctic pearlwort) and the non-native Poa annua (annual bluegrass). Growth is restricted to a few weeks in the summer.

question: What can not grow extensively in Antarctica?, answer: vegetation | question: What does the climate of Antarctica inhibit?, answer: plant growth | question: hat is low and limited in Antarctica?, answer: diversity of plant life | question: How many species of Mosses are there in Antarctica?, answer: 100
The climate of Cork, like the rest of Ireland, is mild and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. Cork lies in plant Hardiness zone 9b. Met Éireann maintains a climatological weather station at Cork Airport, a few kilometres south of the city. It should be noted that the airport is at an altitude of 151 metres (495 ft) and temperatures can often differ by a few degrees between the airport and the city itself. There are also smaller synoptic weather stations at UCC and Clover Hill.

question: What is the weather like in Cork?, answer: mild and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes | question: Who keeps a weather station in Cork?, answer: Met Éireann | question: Why can temperatures differ so much between the city of Cork and the weather station maintained at the airport?, answer: the airport is at an altitude of 151 metres (495 ft) | question: Where are some weather stations near Cork?, answer: UCC and Clover Hill | question: If you are going to farm in Cork, what should you be aware of?, answer: lies in plant Hardiness zone 9b
The climate of Florida is tempered somewhat by the fact that no part of the state is distant from the ocean. North of Lake Okeechobee, the prevalent climate is humid subtropical (Köppen: Cfa), while areas south of the lake (including the Florida Keys) have a true tropical climate (Köppen: Aw). Mean high temperatures for late July are primarily in the low 90s Fahrenheit (32–34 °C). Mean low temperatures for early to mid January range from the low 40s Fahrenheit (4–7 °C) in northern Florida to above 60 °F (16 °C) from Miami on southward. With an average daily temperature of 70.7 °F (21.5 °C), it is the warmest state in the country.

question: What tempers the Florida Climate, answer: somewhat by the fact that no part of the state is distant from the ocean | question: What divides Florida two climates, answer: Lake Okeechobee | question: What are Florida's Mean temperatures in late July, answer: Mean high temperatures for late July are primarily in the low 90s | question: Low temperatures in Florida average, answer: mid January range from the low 40s Fahrenheit (4–7 °C) in northern Florida to above 60 °F (16 °C) from Miami on southward | question: The average daily temperature in Miami, answer: With an average daily temperature of 70.7 °F (21.5 °C), it is the warmest state in the country
The climate of Greece is primarily Mediterranean, featuring mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. This climate occurs at all coastal locations, including Athens, the Cyclades, the Dodecanese, Crete, the Peloponnese, the Ionian Islands and parts of the Central Continental Greece region. The Pindus mountain range strongly affects the climate of the country, as areas to the west of the range are considerably wetter on average (due to greater exposure to south-westerly systems bringing in moisture) than the areas lying to the east of the range (due to a rain shadow effect).

question: Greece's climate is mainly of what type?, answer: Mediterranean | question: Greece's climate is affected by what range?, answer: Pindus mountain range | question: East of the Pindus mountains, the climate is drier due to what?, answer: a rain shadow effect
The climate of New Delhi is a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) with high variation between summer and winter in terms of both temperature and rainfall. The temperature varies from 46 °C (115 °F) in summers to around 0 °C (32 °F) in winters. The area's version of a humid subtropical climate is noticeably different from many other cities with this climate classification in that it features long and very hot summers, relatively dry and mild winters, a monsoonal period, and dust storms. Summers are long, extending from early April to October, with the monsoon season occurring in the middle of the summer. Winter starts in November and peaks in January. The annual mean temperature is around 25 °C (77 °F); monthly daily mean temperatures range from approximately 14 to 34 °C (57 to 93 °F). New Delhi's highest temperature ever recorded is 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) while the lowest temperature ever recorded is −3.2 °C (26.2 °F). Those for Delhi metropolis stand at 49.9 °C (121.8 °F) and −3.2 °C (26.2 °F) respectively. The average annual rainfall is 784 millimetres (30.9 in), most of which is during the monsoons in July and August.

question: In what type of climate is New Delhi located?, answer: subtropical climate | question: Between which months do New Delhi's long summers last?, answer: April to October | question: When does the monsoon season occur in New Delhi?, answer: the middle of the summer | question: What is the annual mean temperature of New Delhi?, answer: 25 °C (77 °F) | question: What is the highest ever recorded temperature in New Delhi?, answer: 49.1 °C (120.4 °F)
The climate of Saint Helena is tropical, marine and mild, tempered by the Benguela Current and trade winds that blow almost continuously. The climate varies noticeably across the island. Temperatures in Jamestown, on the north leeward shore, range between 21–28 °C (70–82 °F) in the summer (January to April) and 17–24 °C (63–75 °F) during the remainder of the year. The temperatures in the central areas are, on average, 5–6 °C (9.0–10.8 °F) lower. Jamestown also has a very low annual rainfall, while 750–1,000 mm (30–39 in) falls per year on the higher ground and the south coast, where it is also noticeably cloudier. There are weather recording stations in the Longwood and Blue Hill districts.

question: What current affects the environment of Saint Helena?, answer: Benguela Current | question: On average, how much lower are the temperatures in the central areas in celsius?, answer: 5–6
The climate of Western Alaska is determined in large part by the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska. It is a subarctic oceanic climate in the southwest and a continental subarctic climate farther north. The temperature is somewhat moderate considering how far north the area is. This region has a tremendous amount of variety in precipitation. An area stretching from the northern side of the Seward Peninsula to the Kobuk River valley (i. e., the region around Kotzebue Sound) is technically a desert, with portions receiving less than 10 in (25 cm) of precipitation annually. On the other extreme, some locations between Dillingham and Bethel average around 100 in (250 cm) of precipitation.

question: What two bodies of water influene the climate in Western Alaska?, answer: Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska | question: Is precipitation varied or uniform in Western Alaska?, answer: tremendous amount of variety | question: Which area of Western Alaska is techincally a desert?, answer: the region around Kotzebue Sound | question: How much precipitation does the desert area of Western Alaska receive?, answer: less than 10 in (25 cm) of precipitation annually
The climate of the Cretaceous is less certain and more widely disputed. Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are thought to have caused the world temperature gradient from north to south to become almost flat: temperatures were about the same across the planet. Average temperatures were also higher than today by about 10°C. In fact, by the middle Cretaceous, equatorial ocean waters (perhaps as warm as 20 °C in the deep ocean) may have been too warm for sea life,[dubious – discuss][citation needed] and land areas near the equator may have been deserts despite their proximity to water. The circulation of oxygen to the deep ocean may also have been disrupted.[dubious – discuss] For this reason, large volumes of organic matter that was unable to decompose accumulated, eventually being deposited as "black shale".

question: What is uncertain about the Cretaceous?, answer: climate | question: What atmospheric gas caused temperatures levels to be 10 degrees higher than today?, answer: carbon dioxide | question: During the Cretaceous what climate was thought to be found in areas near the seas?, answer: deserts | question: What did large amounts of deposited un-decomposed organic matter later become?, answer: black shale | question: What was about equal across the planet?, answer: temperatures
The climate of the coastal plain is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean, which keeps conditions mild in winter and moderate, although humid, in summer. The highest coastal, daytime temperature averages less than 89 °F (32 °C) during summer months. The coast has mild temperatures in winter, with daytime highs rarely below 40 °F (4 °C). The average daytime temperature in the coastal plain is usually in the mid-50s °F (11–14 °C) in winter. Temperatures in the coastal plain only occasionally drop below the freezing point at night. The coastal plain averages only around 1 inch (2.5 cm) of snow or ice annually, and in many years, there may be no snow or ice at all.

question: What ocean influinces the climate of North Carolinas coastal plain?, answer: Atlantic | question: What is the climate of the coastal plain in the winter?, answer: mild | question: What is the climate of North Carolinas coastal plain in the summer?, answer: moderate, although humid | question: What is the average high North Carolina coastal temperature on the plains in the summer?, answer: 89 °F | question: How often do temperatures on the coastal plain of NC drop below freezing at night?, answer: occasionally