lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In 1956, following the declaration of the Imre Nagy government of withdrawal of Hungary from the Warsaw Pact, Soviet troops entered the country and removed the government. Soviet forces crushed the nationwide revolt, leading to the death of an estimated 2,500 Hungarian citizens.

question: In which year did Hungary attempt to leave the Warsaw Pact?, answer: 1956 | question: Who was the head of the Hungarian government at the time of the revolt?, answer: Imre Nagy
In 1956, the British and French prime ministers, Sir Anthony Eden and Guy Mollet, discussed the possibility of France joining the Commonwealth. The proposal was never accepted and the following year France signed the Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community, the precursor to the European Union. In November 1956, Britain and France invaded Egypt in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to capture the Suez Canal. Lord Mountbatten claimed the Queen was opposed to the invasion, though Eden denied it. Eden resigned two months later.

question: When did the prime ministers of Britain and France discuss the idea of France joining the Commonwealth?, answer: 1956 | question: What did France sign instead of joining the Commonwealth?, answer: Treaty of Rome | question: To what was the European Economic Community the precurser?, answer: European Union | question: When did Britain and France invade Egypt?, answer: November 1956 | question: What did the Treaty of Rome establish?, answer: European Economic Community
In 1957, Braunstein further demonstrated that the rudimentary devices could be used for non-radio communication across a short distance. As noted by Kroemer Braunstein".. had set up a simple optical communications link: Music emerging from a record player was used via suitable electronics to modulate the forward current of a GaAs diode. The emitted light was detected by a PbS diode some distance away. This signal was fed into an audio amplifier, and played back by a loudspeaker. Intercepting the beam stopped the music. We had a great deal of fun playing with this setup." This setup presaged the use of LEDs for optical communication applications.

question: What year was it discovered that early LED instruments could be used for non-radio communication?, answer: 1957 | question: Who discovered non-radio uses for early LED devices?, answer: Kroemer Braunstein | question: The current in non-radio communication had to go through what type of component?, answer: a GaAs diode | question: What other component was needed to detect the first current of a non-radio signal?, answer: a PbS diode | question: What final device was needed to hear the signal from the initial GaAs diode?, answer: audio amplifier
In 1957, she made a state visit to the United States, where she addressed the United Nations General Assembly on behalf of the Commonwealth. On the same tour, she opened the 23rd Canadian Parliament, becoming the first monarch of Canada to open a parliamentary session. Two years later, solely in her capacity as Queen of Canada, she revisited the United States and toured Canada. In 1961, she toured Cyprus, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Iran. On a visit to Ghana the same year, she dismissed fears for her safety, even though her host, President Kwame Nkrumah, who had replaced her as head of state, was a target for assassins. Harold Macmillan wrote, "The Queen has been absolutely determined all through ... She is impatient of the attitude towards her to treat her as ... a film star ... She has indeed 'the heart and stomach of a man' ... She loves her duty and means to be a Queen." Before her tour through parts of Quebec in 1964, the press reported that extremists within the Quebec separatist movement were plotting Elizabeth's assassination. No attempt was made, but a riot did break out while she was in Montreal; the Queen's "calmness and courage in the face of the violence" was noted.

question: When did Elizabeth address the UN General Assembly?, answer: 1957 | question: What parliamentary session did Elizabeth open in 1957 while on tour?, answer: 23rd Canadian Parliament | question: On a tour to Ghana in 1961 what did Elizabeth dismiss as a fear?, answer: her safety | question: In 1964 what was reported that Quebec extremists planned ?, answer: Elizabeth's assassination
In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sent in the 101st Airborne Division. They escorted and protected nine black students' entry to Little Rock Central High School, an all-white public school, for the first time since the Reconstruction Era. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote to Eisenhower to thank him for his actions, writing "The overwhelming majority of southerners, Negro and white, stand firmly behind your resolute action to restore law and order in Little Rock".

question: What state refused to integrate its schools in 1957?, answer: Arkansas | question: What military unit was sent from outside of Arkansas to oversee desegregation?, answer: 101st Airborne Division | question: What Arkansas militia unit did Eisenhower federalize in 1957?, answer: Arkansas National Guard | question: Who was the governor of Arkansas in 1957?, answer: Orval Faubus | question: How many black students were escorted by the 101st Airborne to Little Rock Central High School?, answer: nine
In 1958 as part of an experiment, Operation Argus, the United States Navy detonated an atomic bomb 160 kilometres (100 mi) high in the upper atmosphere about 175 kilometres (109 mi) southeast of the main island.

question: What year was an atomic bomb detonated near the island?, answer: 1958 | question: What country test detonated an atomic bomb near the island?, answer: United States
In 1958, Egypt and Syria formed a sovereign union known as the United Arab Republic. The union was short-lived, ending in 1961 when Syria seceded, thus ending the union. During most of its existence, the United Arab Republic was also in a loose confederation with North Yemen (or the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen), known as the United Arab States. In 1959, the All-Palestine Government of the Gaza Strip, an Egyptian client state, was absorbed into the United Arab Republic under the pretext of Arab union, and was never restored.

question: In what year did Egypt and Syria Form a sovereign union?, answer: 1958 | question: What was the sovereign union with Syria known?, answer: United Arab Republic | question: How long did the union with Syria last?, answer: 1961
In 1958, Korolev upgraded the R-7 to be able to launch a 400-kilogram (880 lb) payload to the Moon. Three secret 1958 attempts to launch Luna E-1-class impactor probes failed. The fourth attempt, Luna 1, launched successfully on January 2, 1959, but missed the Moon. The fifth attempt on June 18 also failed at launch. The 390-kilogram (860 lb) Luna 2 successfully impacted the Moon on September 14, 1959. The 278.5-kilogram (614 lb) Luna 3 successfully flew by the Moon and sent back pictures of its far side on October 6, 1959.

question: How many attempts to the Moon did Luna E-1-class probes fail before successfully launching?, answer: 4 | question: The first probe to land on the Moon was in what year?, answer: 1959 | question: Which Luna probe successfully photographed the back side of the Moon?, answer: Luna 3
In 1958, he became a Boy Scout and fulfilled a requirement for the photography merit badge by making a nine-minute 8 mm film entitled The Last Gunfight. Years later, Spielberg recalled to a magazine interviewer, "My dad's still-camera was broken, so I asked the scoutmaster if I could tell a story with my father's movie camera. He said yes, and I got an idea to do a Western. I made it and got my merit badge. That was how it all started." At age thirteen, while living in Phoenix, Spielberg won a prize for a 40-minute war film he titled Escape to Nowhere, using a cast composed of other high school friends. That motivated him to make 15 more amateur 8mm films.:548 In 1963, at age sixteen, Spielberg wrote and directed his first independent film, a 140-minute science fiction adventure called Firelight, which would later inspire Close Encounters. The film was made for $500, most of which came from his father, and was shown in a local cinema for one evening, which earned back its cost.

question: What was Spielberg's first indepenent film?, answer: Firelight | question: How long was Spielberg's film "Escape to Nowhere"?, answer: 40-minute | question: How much money did Spielberg spend to film Close Encounters?, answer: $500 | question: Who did Spielberg get money from to film Close Encounters?, answer: his father | question: What genre was Spielberg's first film "The Last Gunfight", answer: Western | question: When did Spielberg join the Boy Scouts?, answer: 1958 | question: What film did Spielberg make to earn a merit badge?, answer: The Last Gunfight | question: Why did Spielberg make a movie instead of taking still photos for the photography merit badge?, answer: dad's still-camera was broken | question: At what age did Spielberg make 'Escape to Nowhere'?, answer: thirteen | question: What film led to Close Encounters?, answer: Firelight
In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system was never deployed by either the military or consumer broadcasting.

question: In the end what was the Soviet Union's Transformator system used for?, answer: a research project | question: When did the Soviet Union develop Transformator?, answer: 1958 | question: Who developed Transformator in 1958?, answer: the Soviet Union | question: How many lines of resolution could an image using the Transformator system have?, answer: 1,125 | question: What was the goal of the Transformator system?, answer: providing teleconferencing for military command
In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of law implies certain rights and freedoms, that it implies an independent judiciary, and that it implies social, economic and cultural conditions conducive to human dignity. The Declaration of Delhi did not, however, suggest that the rule of law requires legislative power to be subject to judicial review.

question: When did the Declaration of Delhi happen?, answer: 1959 | question: How many judges participated in the Declaration of Delhi?, answer: 185 | question: According to the Declaration of Delhi, what provides certain rights and freedoms?, answer: rule of law | question: According to the Declaration of Delhi, what type of conditions are needed for human dignity?, answer: social, economic and cultural
In 1960, Columbia/CBS began negotiations with its main international distributor Philips Records with the goal of CBS starting its own global record company. Philips' acquisition of Mercury Records in the US in 1961 paved the way for this. CBS only had the rights to the Columbia name in North America; therefore the international arm founded in 1961 and launched in 1962 utilized the "CBS Records" name only, with Philips Records distributing the label in Europe. CBS's Mexican record company, Discos Columbia, was renamed Discos CBS by 1963.

question: In what year was Mercury Records (US) bought out?, answer: 1961 | question: Who acquired Mercury Records (US)?, answer: Philips Records | question: What is the name of CBS' Mexican record label?, answer: Discos CBS
In 1960, non-Hispanic whites represented 80% of Miami-Dade county's population. In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Miami's population as 45.3% Hispanic, 32.9% non-Hispanic White, and 22.7% Black. Miami's explosive population growth has been driven by internal migration from other parts of the country, primarily up until the 1980s, as well as by immigration, primarily from the 1960s to the 1990s. Today, immigration to Miami has slowed significantly and Miami's growth today is attributed greatly to its fast urbanization and high-rise construction, which has increased its inner city neighborhood population densities, such as in Downtown, Brickell, and Edgewater, where one area in Downtown alone saw a 2,069% increase in population in the 2010 Census. Miami is regarded as more of a multicultural mosaic, than it is a melting pot, with residents still maintaining much of, or some of their cultural traits. The overall culture of Miami is heavily influenced by its large population of Hispanics and blacks mainly from the Caribbean islands.

question: What percentage of Miami-Dade's population was non-Hispanic white in 1960?, answer: 80 | question: What percentage of the Miami population in 1970 was black?, answer: 22.7 | question: What was the largest ethnic group in 1970 Miami?, answer: Hispanic | question: Along with Downtown and Edgewater, what area of Miami has notably seen increasing population densities?, answer: Brickell | question: Starting in what decade did immigration from outside the United States begin to have a significant influence on Miami's population?, answer: 1960s
In 1961, Nasser sought to firmly establish Egypt as the leader of the Arab world and to promote a second revolution in Egypt with the purpose of merging Islamic and socialist thinking. To achieve this, he initiated several reforms to modernize al-Azhar, which serves as the de facto leading authority in Sunni Islam, and to ensure its prominence over the Muslim Brotherhood and the more conservative Wahhabism promoted by Saudi Arabia. Nasser had used al-Azhar's most willing ulema (scholars) as a counterweight to the Brotherhood's Islamic influence, starting in 1953.

question: What country did Nasser want to be the leader of the Arab world?, answer: Egypt | question: What two disparate ideologies was Nasser trying to unite?, answer: Islamic and socialist | question: What religious group did Nasser endeavor to reform?, answer: al-Azhar | question: What religious group was Nasser seeking to marginalize?, answer: Muslim Brotherhood
In 1961, writer-editor Stan Lee revolutionized superhero comics by introducing superheroes designed to appeal to more all-ages readers than the predominantly child audiences of the medium. Modern Marvel's first superhero team, the titular stars of The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. 1961), broke convention with other comic book archetypes of the time by squabbling, holding grudges both deep and petty, and eschewing anonymity or secret identities in favor of celebrity status. Subsequently, Marvel comics developed a reputation for focusing on characterization and adult issues to a greater extent than most superhero comics before them, a quality which the new generation of older readers appreciated. This applied to The Amazing Spider-Man title in particular, which turned out to be Marvel's most successful book. Its young hero suffered from self-doubt and mundane problems like any other teenager, something readers could identify with.

question: Marvel's first team of superheroes was known by what alliterative name?, answer: The Fantastic Four | question: What was the issue date when this superhero team debuted?, answer: Nov. 1961 | question: What Marvel executive helped change the focus of Marvel's stories and characters?, answer: Stan Lee | question: In the Marvel Universe, the public treated conferred what response on the Fantastic Four?, answer: celebrity status | question: What is Marvel's best-selling comic?, answer: The Amazing Spider-Man
In 1962, the Supreme Court addressed the issue of officially-sponsored prayer or religious recitations in public schools. In Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), the Court, by a vote of 6-1, determined it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public schools, even when the prayer is non-denominational and students may excuse themselves from participation. (The prayer required by the New York State Board of Regents prior to the Court's decision consisted of: "Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers, and our country. Amen.") As the Court stated:

question: When did the Supreme Court address the issue of officially sponsored prayer in public schools?, answer: 1962 | question: What was the case in 1962 where the Supreme Court addressed the issue of officially sponsored school prayer?, answer: Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 | question: By what vote did the Supreme Court determine it unconstitutional for state official to compose an official school prayer?, answer: 6-1 | question: Even if a prayer is non-denominational it's still considered what?, answer: unconstitutional
In 1963, Egyptian director Youssef Chahine produced the film El Nasser Salah El Dine ("Saladin The Victorious"), which intentionally drew parallels between Saladin, considered a hero in the Arab world, and Nasser and his pan-Arabist policies. Nasser is played by Ahmed Zaki in Mohamed Fadel's 1996 Nasser 56. The film set the Egyptian box office record at the time, and focused on Nasser during the Suez Crisis. It is also considered a milestone in Egyptian and Arab cinema as the first film to dramatize the role of a modern-day Arab leader. Together with the 1999 Syrian biopic Gamal Abdel Nasser, the films marked the first biographical movies about contemporary public figures produced in the Arab world.

question: What 1963 film compared Nasser to Saladin?, answer: El Nasser Salah El Dine | question: What 1996 Nasser-related film set a box office record?, answer: Nasser 56 | question: What was Nasser 56 about?, answer: Suez Crisis | question: What was the famous biopic about Nasser?, answer: Gamal Abdel Nasser
In 1963, Ralph J. Roberts in conjunction with his two business partners, Daniel Aaron and Julian A. Brodsky, purchased American Cable Systems as a corporate spin-off from its parent, Jerrold Electronics, for US $500,000. At the time, American Cable was a small cable operator in Tupelo, Mississippi, with five channels and 12,000 customers. Storecast Corporation of America, a product placement supermarket specialist marketing firm, was purchased by American Cable in 1965. With Storecast being a Muzak client, American Cable purchased its first Muzak franchise of many in Orlando, Florida.

question: When did Ralph Roberts get into the cable TV business?, answer: 1963 | question: Who were Roberts' business partners in this purchase?, answer: Daniel Aaron and Julian A. Brodsky | question: What company did this partnership purchase?, answer: American Cable Systems | question: What city did American Cable Systems do business in?, answer: Tupelo, Mississippi | question: How many customers did ACS have when Roberts and his partners purchased it?, answer: 12,000
In 1963, the Robbins Report on universities in the United Kingdom concluded that such institutions should have four main "objectives essential to any properly balanced system: instruction in skills; the promotion of the general powers of the mind so as to produce not mere specialists but rather cultivated men and women; to maintain research in balance with teaching, since teaching should not be separated from the advancement of learning and the search for truth; and to transmit a common culture and common standards of citizenship."

question: In what year did the Robbins report say that universities should have four objectives to remain balanced?, answer: 1963 | question: What nation did the 1963 Robbins Report focus on?, answer: the United Kingdom | question: What should a university promote, according to the Robbins Report?, answer: general powers of the mind | question: Universities should maintain what, according to the Robbins Report?, answer: research in balance with teaching | question: The Robbins Report says universities should transmit what?, answer: a common culture and common standards of citizenship
In 1963, the teenage Brian May and his father custom-built his signature guitar Red Special, which was purposely designed to feedback. Sonic experimentation figured heavily in Queen's songs. A distinctive characteristic of Queen's music are the vocal harmonies which are usually composed of the voices of May, Mercury, and Taylor best heard on the studio albums A Night at the Opera and A Day at the Races. Some of the ground work for the development of this sound can be attributed to their former producer Roy Thomas Baker, and their engineer Mike Stone. Besides vocal harmonies, Queen were also known for multi-tracking voices to imitate the sound of a large choir through overdubs. For instance, according to Brian May, there are over 180 vocal overdubs in "Bohemian Rhapsody". The band's vocal structures have been compared with the Beach Boys, but May stated they were not "much of an influence".

question: What was the name of Brian May's signature guitar?, answer: Red Special | question: What year was Brian May's signature guitar made?, answer: 1963 | question: Which producer influenced Queen's feedback heavy sound?, answer: Roy Thomas Baker | question: What engineer helped with Queen's feedback heavy sound?, answer: Mike Stone | question: How many vocal overdubs are in Queen's Bohemian Rhapsody?, answer: over 180
In 1964 Israel hosted and won the Asian Nations Cup; in 1970 the Israel national football team managed to qualify to the FIFA World Cup, which is still considered[by whom?] the biggest achievement of Israeli football.[citation needed] The 1974 Asian Games held in Tehran, were the last Asian Games in which Israel participated, and was plagued by the Arab countries which refused to compete with Israel, and Israel since ceased competing in Asian competitions. Israel was excluded from the 1978 Asian Games due to security and expense involved if they were to participate. In 1994, UEFA agreed to admit Israel and all Israeli sporting organizations now compete in Europe.[citation needed]

question: When did Israel host and win the Asian Nations Cup?, answer: 1964 | question: When did the Israel national football team qualify to the FIFA World Cup?, answer: 1970 | question: What were the last Asian Games that Israel participated in?, answer: 1974 Asian Games
In 1964, CBS established its own UK distribution with the acquisition of Oriole Records. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the distribution deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution.

question: What lable was bought by CBS in the UK?, answer: Oriole Records.
In 1964, Nikita Khrushchev was removed from his position of power and replaced with Leonid Brezhnev. Under his rule, the Russian SFSR and the rest of the Soviet Union went through an era of stagnation. Even after he died in 1982, the era didn’t end until Mikhail Gorbachev took power and introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society.

question: Who lost power in 1964?, answer: Nikita Khrushchev | question: Who assumed a position of power in 1964?, answer: Leonid Brezhnev | question: When did Leonid Brezhnev die?, answer: 1982 | question: Whose assumption of power ended the era of stagnation?, answer: Mikhail Gorbachev | question: How did Mikhail Gorbachev end the era of stagnation?, answer: introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society