lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Melbourne's air quality is generally good and has improved significantly since the 1980s. Like many urban environments, the city faces significant environmental issues, many of them relating to the city's large urban footprint and urban sprawl and the demand for infrastructure and services. One such issue is water usage, drought and low rainfall. Drought in Victoria, low rainfalls and high temperatures deplete Melbourne water supplies and climate change may have a long-term impact on the water supplies of Melbourne. In response to low water supplies and low rainfall due to drought, the government implemented water restrictions and a range of other options including: water recycling schemes for the city, incentives for household water tanks, greywater systems, water consumption awareness initiatives, and other water saving and reuse initiatives; also, in June 2007, the Bracks Government announced that a $3.1 billion Wonthaggi desalination plant would be built on Victoria's south-east coast, capable of treating 150 billion litres of water per year, as well as a 70 km (43 mi) pipeline from the Goulburn area in Victoria's north to Melbourne and a new water pipeline linking Melbourne and Geelong. Both projects are being conducted under controversial Public-Private Partnerships and a multitude of independent reports have found that neither project is required to supply water to the city and that Sustainable Water Management is the best solution. In the meantime, the drought must be weathered.

question: Has Melbourne's air quality improved or declined since the 1980s?, answer: improved significantly | question: What factors deplete Melbourne water supplies?, answer: Drought in Victoria, low rainfalls and high temperatures | question: Which government announced a $3.1 billion Wonthaggi desalination plant in June 2007?, answer: Bracks Government | question: How many litres of water will the Wonthaggi desalination plant be capbale of treating per year?, answer: 150 billion litres
Melbourne's live performance institutions date from the foundation of the city, with the first theatre, the Pavilion, opening in 1841. The city's East End Theatre District includes theatres that similarly date from 1850s to the 1920s, including the Princess Theatre, Regent Theatre, Her Majesty's Theatre, Forum Theatre, Comedy Theatre, and the Athenaeum Theatre. The Melbourne Arts Precinct in Southbank is home to Arts Centre Melbourne, which includes the State Theatre, Hamer Hall, the Playhouse and the Fairfax Studio. The Melbourne Recital Centre and Southbank Theatre (principal home of the MTC, which includes the Sumner and Lawler performance spaces) are also located in Southbank. The Sidney Myer Music Bowl, which dates from 1955, is located in the gardens of Kings Domain; and the Palais Theatre is a feature of the St Kilda Beach foreshore.

question: Which theatre was Melbourne's first live performance institution?, answer: Pavilion | question: The Princess Theatre, Regent Theatre, and Forum Theatre are members of which of Melbourne's theater districts?, answer: East End Theatre District | question: In what year did the Pavilion open?, answer: 1841 | question: Where are the Melbourne Recital Centre and Southbank Theatre located?, answer: Southbank | question: From what year does the Sidney Myer Music Bowl date?, answer: 1955
Melbourne's rich and diverse literary history was recognised in 2008 when it became the second UNESCO City of Literature. The State Library of Victoria is one of Australia's oldest cultural institutions and one of many public and university libraries across the city. Melbourne also has Australia's widest range of bookstores, as well the nation's largest publishing sector. The city is home to significant writers' festivals, most notably the Melbourne Writers Festival. Several major literary prizes are open to local writers including the Melbourne Prize for Literature and the Victorian Premier's Literary Awards. Significant novels set in Melbourne include Fergus Hume's The Mystery of a Hansom Cab, Helen Garner's Monkey Grip and Christos Tsiolkas' The Slap. Notable writers and poets from Melbourne include Thomas Browne, C. J. Dennis, Germaine Greer and Peter Carey.

question: Which writer's festival is home to Melbourne?, answer: Melbourne Writers Festival | question: What type of work are The Mystery of a Hansom Cab, Monkey Grip, and The Slap?, answer: novels | question: What do the novels The Mystery of a Hansom Cab, Monkey Grip, and The Slap have in common?, answer: set in Melbourne | question: Where are Peter Carey, Germaine Greer, and Thomas Browne from?, answer: Melbourne | question: What occupation to Peter Carey, Germaine Greer, and Thomas Browne hold?, answer: writers and poets
Meleager and the infantry supported the candidacy of Alexander's half-brother, Philip Arrhidaeus, while Perdiccas, the leading cavalry commander, supported waiting until the birth of Alexander's unborn child by Roxana. After the infantry stormed the palace of Babylon, a compromise was arranged – Arrhidaeus (as Philip III) should become king, and should rule jointly with Roxana's child, assuming that it was a boy (as it was, becoming Alexander IV). Perdiccas himself would become regent (epimeletes) of the empire, and Meleager his lieutenant. Soon, however, Perdiccas had Meleager and the other infantry leaders murdered, and assumed full control. The generals who had supported Perdiccas were rewarded in the partition of Babylon by becoming satraps of the various parts of the empire, but Perdiccas' position was shaky, because, as Arrian writes, "everyone was suspicious of him, and he of them".

question: Who was Philip Arrhidaues' half brother?, answer: Alexander | question: Who was the leading calvary commander?, answer: Perdiccas | question: Who order the death of Meleager?, answer: Perdiccas | question: What city was partitioned to the generals who supported Perdiccas?, answer: Babylon | question: Who documented that Perdiccas' was under suspicion?, answer: Arrian
Melinda Gates has stated that the foundation "has decided not to fund abortion". In response to questions about this decision, Gates stated in a June 2014 blog post that she "struggle[s] with the issue" and that "the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consensus regarding basic family planning". Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to Planned Parenthood, the primary U.S. abortion provider, and affiliated organizations.

question: What did the foundation decide not to fund, answer: has decided not to fund abortion" | question: WHy did they decide not to fund abortion, answer: the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consensus regarding basic family planning | question: Before 2013 the foundation gave how how much to planned parenthood, answer: Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to Planned Parenthood
Melting of floating ice shelves (ice that originated on the land) does not in itself contribute much to sea-level rise (since the ice displaces only its own mass of water). However it is the outflow of the ice from the land to form the ice shelf which causes a rise in global sea level. This effect is offset by snow falling back onto the continent. Recent decades have witnessed several dramatic collapses of large ice shelves around the coast of Antarctica, especially along the Antarctic Peninsula. Concerns have been raised that disruption of ice shelves may result in increased glacial outflow from the continental ice mass.

question: What type of ice originates on land and floats out to sea?, answer: floating ice shelves | question: What events have occurred in recent decades to the ice shelves surrounding Antarctica?, answer: collapses | question: Along what area has there been more collapsing ice shelves?, answer: Antarctic Peninsula | question: What could the displacement of ice cause?, answer: glacial outflow | question: What weather event would offset loss of ice shelves?, answer: snow falling
Members of all classes of the Order are assigned positions in the order of precedence. Wives of male members of all classes also feature on the order of precedence, as do sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander; relatives of Ladies of the Order, however, are not assigned any special precedence. As a general rule, individuals can derive precedence from their fathers or husbands, but not from their mothers or wives (see order of precedence in England and Wales for the exact positions).

question: What are the Members of classes of the Order assigned to?, answer: positions in the order of precedence | question: Who of the male members feature on the order?, answer: Wives of male members of all classes also feature on the order of precedence, as do sons, daughters and daughters-in-law | question: Who are not assigned any special precedence?, answer: relatives of Ladies of the Order | question: Who can individuals derive precedence from?, answer: fathers or husbands | question: Who can individuals can not derive precedence from?, answer: mothers or wives
Memories and lessons from the war are still a major factor in American politics. One side views the war as a necessary part of the Containment policy, which allowed the enemy to choose the time and place of warfare. Others note the U.S. made major strategic gains as the Communists were defeated in Indonesia, and by 1972 both Moscow and Beijing were competing for American support, at the expense of their allies in Hanoi. Critics see the conflict as a "quagmire"—an endless waste of American blood and treasure in a conflict that did not concern US interests. Fears of another quagmire have been major factors in foreign policy debates ever since. The draft became extremely unpopular, and President Nixon ended it in 1973, forcing the military (the Army especially) to rely entirely upon volunteers. That raised the issue of how well the professional military reflected overall American society and values; the soldiers typically took the position that their service represented the highest and best American values.

question: The Vietnam War was an element of what US diplomatic policy?, answer: Containment | question: Communists were defeated in what country in 1972?, answer: Indonesia | question: What term did critics of the Vietnam War use to describe it?, answer: a "quagmire" | question: When did the draft end?, answer: 1973 | question: Which president ended the draft?, answer: 1973
Memories of the Nazi occupation were still strong, and the rearmament of Germany was feared by France too. On 30 August 1954 French Parliament rejected the EDC, thus ensuring its failure and blocking a major objective of US policy towards Europe: to associate Germany militarily with the West. The US Department of State started to elaborate alternatives: Germany would be invited to join NATO or, in the case of French obstructionism, strategies to circumvent a French veto would be implemented in order to obtain a German rearmament outside NATO.

question: Which NATO country feared a unified and rearmed Germany?, answer: France
Memorization is a method of learning that allows an individual to recall information verbatim. Rote learning is the method most often used. Methods of memorizing things have been the subject of much discussion over the years with some writers, such as Cosmos Rossellius using visual alphabets. The spacing effect shows that an individual is more likely to remember a list of items when rehearsal is spaced over an extended period of time. In contrast to this is cramming: an intensive memorization in a short period of time. Also relevant is the Zeigarnik effect which states that people remember uncompleted or interrupted tasks better than completed ones. The so-called Method of loci uses spatial memory to memorize non-spatial information.

question: What is the most widely used way in learing?, answer: Rote learning | question: What is the Zeigarnik effect?, answer: states that people remember uncompleted or interrupted tasks better than completed ones. | question: What does memorization mean?, answer: a method of learning that allows an individual to recall information verbatim | question: What learning tool did Cosmos rosselliius write about?, answer: using visual alphabets. | question: What is the spacing effect?, answer: shows that an individual is more likely to remember a list of items when rehearsal is spaced over an extended period of time
Men typically wore a toga, and women a stola. The woman's stola differed in looks from a toga, and was usually brightly coloured. The cloth and the dress distinguished one class of people from the other class. The tunic worn by plebeians, or common people, like shepherds and slaves, was made from coarse and dark material, whereas the tunic worn by patricians was of linen or white wool. A knight or magistrate would wear an augusticlavus, a tunic bearing small purple studs. Senators wore tunics with broad red stripes, called tunica laticlavia. Military tunics were shorter than the ones worn by civilians. Boys, up until the festival of Liberalia, wore the toga praetexta, which was a toga with a crimson or purple border. The toga virilis, (or toga pura) was worn by men over the age of 16 to signify their citizenship in Rome. The toga picta was worn by triumphant generals and had embroidery of their skill on the battlefield. The toga pulla was worn when in mourning.[citation needed]

question: What article of clothing could generally be found on a male Roman?, answer: a toga | question: What garment was worn by male gendered adults to convey their status as a citizen of Rome?, answer: toga virilis | question: What was typically worn after the loss of a loved one in the Roman Republic?, answer: The toga pulla | question: Which official would wear a garment containing broad red striping?, answer: Senators | question: How did a womans garment typically vary from a mans in the Roman Republic?, answer: usually brightly coloured
Men's rhythmic gymnastics is related to both Men's artistic gymnastics and wushu martial arts. It emerged in Japan from stick gymnastics. Stick gymnastics has been taught and performed for many years with the aim of improving physical strength and health. Male athletes are judged on some of the same physical abilities and skills as their female counterparts, such as hand/body-eye co-ordination, but tumbling, strength, power, and martial arts skills are the main focus, as opposed to flexibility and dance in women's rhythmic gymnastics. There are a growing number of participants, competing alone and on a team; it is most popular in Asia, especially in Japan where high school and university teams compete fiercely. As of 2002[update], there were 1000 men's rhythmic gymnasts in Japan.[citation needed]

question: What are mens' rhythmic gymnastics related to?, answer: both Men's artistic gymnastics and wushu martial arts | question: Where did mens' rhythmic gymnastics develop from?, answer: stick gymnastics | question: What is the aim of stick gymnastics?, answer: improving physical strength and health | question: What are the main focus?, answer: tumbling, strength, power, and martial arts skills are the main focus | question: How many mens' rhythmic gymnasts were in Japan in 2002?, answer: 1000
Menander Protector mentions a Daurentius (577–579) that slew an Avar envoy of Khagan Bayan I. The Avars asked the Slavs to accept the suzerainty of the Avars, he however declined and is reported as saying: "Others do not conquer our land, we conquer theirs – so it shall always be for us".

question: Who mentions a Daurentius (577–579) that slew an Avar envoy of Khagan Bayan I?, answer: Menander Protector | question: Who slew an envoy of Khagan Bayan I?, answer: Daurentius | question: The Slavs were asked to accept the suzerainty of whom?, answer: the Avars | question: Who said, "Others do not conquer our land, we conquer theirs – so it shall always be for us."?, answer: Daurentius | question: Whose envoy was slaughtered by Daurentius?, answer: Khagan Bayan I
Menzies called a conference of conservative parties and other groups opposed to the ruling Australian Labor Party, which met in Canberra on 13 October 1944 and again in Albury, New South Wales in December 1944. From 1942 onward Menzies had maintained his public profile with his series of "The Forgotten People" radio talks–similar to Franklin D. Roosevelt's "fireside chats" of the 1930s–in which he spoke of the middle class as the "backbone of Australia" but as nevertheless having been "taken for granted" by political parties.

question: To what are Menzies' "Forgotten People" radio talks compared to?, answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt's "fireside chats" | question: How did Roosevelt refer to the middle class?, answer: "backbone of Australia" | question: Was the meeting at Canberra a group of people supporting or opposed to the Australian Labor Party?, answer: opposed | question: Where was the second anti-Labor Party held in 1944?, answer: Albury, New South Wales
Menzies came to power the year the Communist Party of Australia had led a coal strike to improve pit miners' working conditions. That same year Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb, and Mao Zedong led the Communist Party of China to power in China; a year later came the invasion of South Korea by Communist North Korea. Anti-communism was a key political issue of the 1950s and 1960s. Menzies was firmly anti-Communist; he committed troops to the Korean War and attempted to ban the Communist Party of Australia in an unsuccessful referendum during the course of that war. The Labor Party split over concerns about the influence of the Communist Party over the Trade Union movement, leading to the foundation of the breakaway Democratic Labor Party whose preferences supported the Liberal and Country parties.

question: What was a key political topic in the 1950s and 1960s?, answer: Anti-communism | question: What actions showed Menzies' anti-Communist beliefs?, answer: committed troops to the Korean War and attempted to ban the Communist Party of Australia in an unsuccessful referendum during the course of that war | question: Over what did the Labor party divide?, answer: concerns about the influence of the Communist Party over the Trade Union movement,
Menzies continued the expanded immigration program established under Chifley, and took important steps towards dismantling the White Australia Policy. In the early 1950s, external affairs minister Percy Spender helped to establish the Colombo Plan for providing economic aid to underdeveloped nations in Australia's region. Under that scheme many future Asian leaders studied in Australia. In 1958 the government replaced the Immigration Act's arbitrarily applied European language dictation test with an entry permit system, that reflected economic and skills criteria. In 1962, Menzies' Commonwealth Electoral Act provided that all Indigenous Australians should have the right to enrol and vote at federal elections (prior to this, indigenous people in Queensland, Western Australia and some in the Northern Territory had been excluded from voting unless they were ex-servicemen). In 1949 the Liberals appointed Dame Enid Lyons as the first woman to serve in an Australian Cabinet. Menzies remained a staunch supporter of links to the monarchy and British Commonwealth but formalised an alliance with the United States and concluded the Agreement on Commerce between Australia and Japan which was signed in July 1957 and launched post-war trade with Japan, beginning a growth of Australian exports of coal, iron ore and mineral resources that would steadily climb until Japan became Australia's largest trading partner.

question: What did the Immigration Act's entry permit system include?, answer: economic and skills criteria | question: Which ruling allowed indigenous Australians the right to vote?, answer: Menzies' Commonwealth Electoral Act | question: Who was the first women to serve on the Australian Cabinet?, answer: Dame Enid Lyons
Menzies ran strongly against Labor's plans to nationalise the Australian banking system and, following victory in the 1949 election, secured a double dissolution election for April 1951, after the Labor-controlled Senate refused to pass his banking legislation. The Liberal-Country Coalition was returned with control of the Senate. The Government was returned again in the 1954 election; the formation of the anti-Communist Democratic Labor Party (DLP) and the consequent split in the Australian Labor Party early in 1955 helped the Liberals to another victory in December 1955. John McEwen replaced Arthur Fadden as leader of the Country Party in March 1958 and the Menzies-McEwen Coalition was returned again at elections in November 1958 – their third victory against Labor's H. V. Evatt. The Coalition was narrowly returned against Labor's Arthur Calwell in the December 1961 election, in the midst of a credit squeeze. Menzies stood for office for the last time in the November 1963 election, again defeating Calwell, with the Coalition winning back its losses in the House of Representatives. Menzies went on to resign from parliament on 26 January 1966.

question: Was Menzies for or against nationalizing the banking system in Australia?, answer: strongly against | question: What helped the Liberals to victory in December 1955?, answer: the formation of the anti-Communist Democratic Labor Party (DLP) and the consequent split in the Australian Labor Party early in 1955 | question: When did Menzies resign from Parliament?, answer: 26 January 1966
Mercury has been smelted from cinnabar for thousands of years. Mercury dissolves many metals, such as gold, silver, and tin, to form amalgams (an alloy in a soft paste, or liquid form at ambient temperature). Amalgams have been used since 200 BC in China for plating objects with precious metals, called gilding, such as armor and mirrors. The ancient Romans often used mercury-tin amalgams for gilding their armor. The amalgam was applied as a paste and then heated until the mercury vaporized, leaving the gold, silver, or tin behind. Mercury was often used in mining, to extract precious metals like gold and silver from their ores.

question: What does mercury make most metals do?, answer: dissolves | question: Since when have Amalgams been used?, answer: 200 BC | question: What did ancient Romans use to gild their armor?, answer: mercury-tin amalgams | question: Gold and silver were extracted from their ores by using?, answer: Mercury
Meteorites from Antarctica are an important area of study of material formed early in the solar system; most are thought to come from asteroids, but some may have originated on larger planets. The first meteorite was found in 1912, and named the Adelie Land meteorite. In 1969, a Japanese expedition discovered nine meteorites. Most of these meteorites have fallen onto the ice sheet in the last million years. Motion of the ice sheet tends to concentrate the meteorites at blocking locations such as mountain ranges, with wind erosion bringing them to the surface after centuries beneath accumulated snowfall. Compared with meteorites collected in more temperate regions on Earth, the Antarctic meteorites are well-preserved.

question: What astronomical study is important research for Antarctica?, answer: Meteorites | question: What is the supposed source of most Antarctica meteorites?, answer: asteroids | question: When was the first meteorite found in Antarctica?, answer: 1912 | question: What expedition found nine meteorites in 1969?, answer: Japanese | question: What is it about Antarctic meteorites that is different form meteorites found in other places?, answer: well-preserved.