lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
One of the characteristics of BYU most often pointed out is its reputation for emphasizing a "marriage culture". Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints highly value marriage and family, especially marriage within the faith. Approximately 51 percent of the graduates in BYU's class of 2005 were married. This is compared to a national marriage average among college graduates of 11 percent. BYU students on average marry at the age of 22, according to a 2005 study, while the national average age is 25 years for men and 27 years for women.

question: What is one of BYU's characteristics that is most often pointed out through reputation?, answer: emphasizing a "marriage culture" | question: What percentage of BYU's class of 2005 were married?, answer: Approximately 51 | question: What is the national marriage average among college graduates?, answer: 11 percent | question: What is the average age that BYU students marry according to a 2005 study?, answer: 22 | question: What type of marriage is highly valued by LDS members?, answer: marriage within the faith
One of the common definitions for "Islamic philosophy" is "the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture." Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia.

question: What was the life span of Ibn Sina?, answer: 980–1037 | question: How many books were said to have been written by Ibn Sina?, answer: 450 | question: What subjects did Ibn Sina mainly write about?, answer: philosophy and medicine | question: What medical book is Ibn Sina most noted for in European universities?, answer: The Canon of Medicine | question: What philosophical encyclopedia is Ibn Sina known for writing?, answer: The Book of Healing
One of the earliest sexual orientation classification schemes was proposed in the 1860s by Karl Heinrich Ulrichs in a series of pamphlets he published privately. The classification scheme, which was meant only to describe males, separated them into three basic categories: dionings, urnings and uranodionings. An urning can be further categorized by degree of effeminacy. These categories directly correspond with the categories of sexual orientation used today: heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual. In the series of pamphlets, Ulrichs outlined a set of questions to determine if a man was an urning. The definitions of each category of Ulrichs' classification scheme are as follows:

question: Who created on of the earliest sexual classification schemes?, answer: Karl Heinrich Ulrichs | question: When did Karl Heinrich Ulrichs develop this classification scheme?, answer: in the 1860s | question: Was his classification scheme meant for males or females?, answer: meant only to describe males | question: What three categories are used in Ulrichs scheme?, answer: dionings, urnings and uranodionings | question: What did these three categories correspond with?, answer: the categories of sexual orientation used today:
One of the early anthemic tunes, "Promised Land" by Joe Smooth, was covered and charted within a week by the Style Council. Europeans embraced house, and began booking legendary American house DJs to play at the big clubs, such as Ministry of Sound, whose resident, Justin Berkmann brought in Larry Levan.

question: who released the hit single "promised land"?, answer: Joe Smooth | question: who covered and charted the single "promised land"?, answer: Style Council | question: who was the resident of the Ministry of Sound?, answer: Justin Berkmann | question: who did Justin Berkmann bring into the club to play?, answer: Larry Levan
One of the features of Cypriot art is a tendency towards figurative painting although conceptual art is being rigorously promoted by a number of art "institutions" and most notably the Nicosia Municipal Art Centre. Municipal art galleries exist in all the main towns and there is a large and lively commercial art scene. Cyprus was due to host the international art festival Manifesta in 2006 but this was cancelled at the last minute following a dispute between the Dutch organizers of Manifesta and the Cyprus Ministry of Education and Culture over the location of some of the Manifesta events in the Turkish sector of the capital Nicosia.

question: What type of art is being promoted by art institutions in Cyprus?, answer: conceptual art | question: What types of places can Cypriots visit to experience art?, answer: Municipal art galleries | question: What year was Cyprus supposed to host the international art festival Manifesta?, answer: 2006
One of the few city states who managed to maintain full independence from the control of any Hellenistic kingdom was Rhodes. With a skilled navy to protect its trade fleets from pirates and an ideal strategic position covering the routes from the east into the Aegean, Rhodes prospered during the Hellenistic period. It became a center of culture and commerce, its coins were widely circulated and its philosophical schools became one of the best in the mediterranean. After holding out for one year under siege by Demetrius Poliorcetes (304-305 BCE), the Rhodians built the Colossus of Rhodes to commemorate their victory. They retained their independence by the maintenance of a powerful navy, by maintaining a carefully neutral posture and acting to preserve the balance of power between the major Hellenistic kingdoms.

question: What did Rhodians build to commemorate their victory over Demetrius Poliorcetes?, answer: Colossus of Rhodes | question: What period did Rhodes prosper?, answer: Hellenistic | question: What military force helped Rhodes maintain their independence?, answer: navy | question: What years were Rhodes under attack by Demetrius Poliorcetes?, answer: 304-305 BCE | question: I couldn't could up with another question. But i need to fill this space because I can't submit the hit., answer: tes (3
One of the first demonstrations of the ability for telecommunications to help sign language users communicate with each other occurred when AT&T's videophone (trademarked as the "Picturephone") was introduced to the public at the 1964 New York World's Fair –two deaf users were able to communicate freely with each other between the fair and another city. Various universities and other organizations, including British Telecom's Martlesham facility, have also conducted extensive research on signing via videotelephony. The use of sign language via videotelephony was hampered for many years due to the difficulty of its use over slow analogue copper phone lines, coupled with the high cost of better quality ISDN (data) phone lines. Those factors largely disappeared with the introduction of more efficient video codecs and the advent of lower cost high-speed ISDN data and IP (Internet) services in the 1990s.

question: What company introduced the first device to help deaf people communicate through telecommunications?, answer: AT&T | question: What was the name of AT&T's videophone device?, answer: Picturephone | question: In what year was AT&T's "Picturephone" device introduced?, answer: 1964 | question: Where was AT&T's "Picturephone" device unveiled?, answer: 1964 New York World's Fair | question: In what decade were more efficient ways of using sign language via video-telephony developed?, answer: 1990s
One of the first quantum effects to be explicitly noticed (but not understood at the time) was a Maxwell observation involving hydrogen, half a century before full quantum mechanical theory arrived. Maxwell observed that the specific heat capacity of H2 unaccountably departs from that of a diatomic gas below room temperature and begins to increasingly resemble that of a monatomic gas at cryogenic temperatures. According to quantum theory, this behavior arises from the spacing of the (quantized) rotational energy levels, which are particularly wide-spaced in H2 because of its low mass. These widely spaced levels inhibit equal partition of heat energy into rotational motion in hydrogen at low temperatures. Diatomic gases composed of heavier atoms do not have such widely spaced levels and do not exhibit the same effect.

question: Who observed the specific heat capacity of H2?, answer: Maxwell | question: What cause H2 to resemble monatomic gas?, answer: spacing of the (quantized) rotational energy levels | question: What theory supports this?, answer: quantum theory
One of the first recorded instances of translation in the West was the rendering of the Old Testament into Greek in the 3rd century BCE. The translation is known as the "Septuagint", a name that refers to the seventy translators (seventy-two, in some versions) who were commissioned to translate the Bible at Alexandria, Egypt. Each translator worked in solitary confinement in his own cell, and according to legend all seventy versions proved identical. The Septuagint became the source text for later translations into many languages, including Latin, Coptic, Armenian and Georgian.

question: What is one of the first known instances of translation in the West?, answer: rendering of the Old Testament into Greek | question: When was the Old Testament translated into Greek?, answer: 3rd century BCE | question: Why is the translation of the Old Testament into Greek known as the Septuagint?, answer: seventy translators | question: How did each translator of the Bible work in Alexandria?, answer: in solitary confinement | question: According to myth, what property did all seventy versions of the bible have?, answer: identical
One of the foundation's goals is to lower poverty by increasing the number of college graduates in the United States, and the organization has funded "Reimagining Aid Design and Delivery" grants to think tanks and advocacy organizations to produce white papers on ideas for changing the current system of federal financial aid for college students, with a goal of increasing graduation rates. One of the ways the foundation has sought to increase the number of college graduates is to get them through college faster, but that idea has received some pushback from organizations of universities and colleges.

question: What is 1 foundation goal, answer: One of the foundation's goals is to lower poverty by increasing the number of college graduates in the United States | question: One way to increase college graduation by the foundation is, answer: One of the ways the foundation has sought to increase the number of college graduates is to get them through college faster | question: how did they work on college financing, answer: Reimagining Aid Design and Delivery" grants to think tanks and advocacy organizations
One of the founding members, East Germany was allowed to re-arm by the Soviet Union and the National People's Army was established as the armed forces of the country to counter the rearmament of West Germany.

question: Which nation was permitted rearmament by the foundation of the Warsaw Pact?, answer: East Germany | question: What was the name of the East German armed forces?, answer: the National People's Army
One of the key concerns of older adults is the experience of memory loss, especially as it is one of the hallmark symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. However, memory loss is qualitatively different in normal aging from the kind of memory loss associated with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's (Budson & Price, 2005). Research has revealed that individuals’ performance on memory tasks that rely on frontal regions declines with age. Older adults tend to exhibit deficits on tasks that involve knowing the temporal order in which they learned information; source memory tasks that require them to remember the specific circumstances or context in which they learned information; and prospective memory tasks that involve remembering to perform an act at a future time. Older adults can manage their problems with prospective memory by using appointment books, for example.

question: What do most elderly people worry about?, answer: memory loss, | question: Is an eldery person with alzheimers having the same problem as a similar aged person experiencing memory loss?, answer: memory loss is qualitatively different | question: Which part of the brain is associated with the memory loss an elderly person suffers?, answer: frontal regions | question: Which memory is an elderly person helping by using appointment books?, answer: prospective memory
One of the league's early success stories was the Detroit Drive. A primary team for some of the AFL's most highly regarded players, including George LaFrance and Gary and Alvin Rettig, as well as being a second career chance for quarterback Art Schlichter, the Drive regularly played before sold out crowds at Joe Louis Arena, and went to the ArenaBowl every year of their existence (1988–1993). The AFL's first dynasty came to an end when their owner, Mike Ilitch (who also owned Little Caesars Pizza and the Detroit Red Wings) bought the Detroit Tigers baseball team and sold the AFL team.

question: What team did Art Schlichter play for?, answer: Detroit Drive | question: Where did the Detroit Drive play their home games?, answer: Joe Louis Arena | question: In what year did the Drive go to their first Arena Bowl?, answer: 1988 | question: Who owned the Detroit Drive in this period?, answer: Mike Ilitch | question: What team did the owner of the Detroit Drive buy that led him to sell the Drive?, answer: Detroit Tigers
One of the major developments in the military sphere during the Late Middle Ages was the increased use of infantry and light cavalry. The English also employed longbowmen, but other countries were unable to create similar forces with the same success. Armour continued to advance, spurred by the increasing power of crossbows, and plate armour was developed to protect soldiers from crossbows as well as the hand-held guns that were developed. Pole arms reached new prominence with the development of the Flemish and Swiss infantry armed with pikes and other long spears.

question: Along with light cavalry, what military arm was used with increasing frequency in the Late Middle Ages?, answer: infantry | question: What troops were uniquely successful in English service?, answer: longbowmen | question: What influenced the increasing development of armor?, answer: the increasing power of crossbows | question: What weapons were notably employed by the Swiss infantry?, answer: pikes | question: Along with crossbows, what was plate armor designed to defend against?, answer: hand-held guns
One of the more prominent landmarks downtown is the Crystal Bridge at the Myriad Botanical Gardens, a large downtown urban park. Designed by I. M. Pei, the Crystal Bridge is a tropical conservatory in the area. The park has an amphitheater, known as the Water Stage. In 2007, following a renovation of the stage, Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park relocated to the Myriad Gardens. The Myriad Gardens will undergo a massive renovation in conjunction with the recently built Devon Tower directly north of it.

question: Who designed the bridge?, answer: I. M. Pei | question: What is the name of the amphitheater located inside the Botanical Gardens?, answer: Water Stage
One of the most complex characters found in modern Chinese dictionaries[g] is 齉 (U+9F49) (nàng, listen (help·info), pictured below, middle image), meaning "snuffle" (that is, a pronunciation marred by a blocked nose), with "just" thirty-six strokes. However, this is not in common use. The most complex character that can be input using the Microsoft New Phonetic IME 2002a for traditional Chinese is 龘 (dá, "the appearance of a dragon flying"). It is composed of the dragon radical represented three times, for a total of 16 × 3 = 48 strokes. Among the most complex characters in modern dictionaries and also in frequent modern use are 籲 (yù, "to implore"), with 32 strokes; 鬱 (yù, "luxuriant, lush; gloomy"), with 29 strokes, as in 憂鬱 (yōuyù, "depressed"); 豔 (yàn, "colorful"), with 28 strokes; and 釁 (xìn, "quarrel"), with 25 strokes, as in 挑釁 (tiǎoxìn, "to pick a fight"). Also in occasional modern use is 鱻 (xiān "fresh"; variant of 鮮 xiān) with 33 strokes.

question: What is one of the most complex characters in modern Chinese dictionaries?, answer: U+9F49 | question: What features 33 strokes?, answer: xiān | question: What are among the most complex characters in modern dictionaries?, answer: yù
One of the most important developments that the Enlightenment era brought to the discipline of science was its popularization. An increasingly literate population seeking knowledge and education in both the arts and the sciences drove the expansion of print culture and the dissemination of scientific learning. The new literate population was due to a high rise in the availability of food. This enabled many people to rise out of poverty, and instead of paying more for food, they had money for education. Popularization was generally part of an overarching Enlightenment ideal that endeavoured "to make information available to the greatest number of people." As public interest in natural philosophy grew during the 18th century, public lecture courses and the publication of popular texts opened up new roads to money and fame for amateurs and scientists who remained on the periphery of universities and academies. More formal works included explanations of scientific theories for individuals lacking the educational background to comprehend the original scientific text. Sir Isaac Newton's celebrated Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica was published in Latin and remained inaccessible to readers without education in the classics until Enlightenment writers began to translate and analyze the text in the vernacular.

question: What caused an increasingly literate population to develop in the Enlightenment era?, answer: a high rise in the availability of food | question: Instead of paying more for food, on what did people spend their money?, answer: education | question: Which ideal endeavoured to make information available to the greatest number of people?, answer: Popularization | question: Who wrote the celebrated Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica?, answer: Sir Isaac Newton | question: Which work of Isaac Newton was published in Latin and remained inaccessible to readers without education until Enlightenment writers began to translate and analyze it in the vernacular?, answer: Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica
One of the most important events of the 19th century was the rise of Indian nationalism, leading Indians to seek first "self-rule" and later "complete independence". However, historians are divided over the causes of its rise. Probable reasons include a "clash of interests of the Indian people with British interests", "racial discriminations", "the revelation of India's past", "inter-linking of the new social groups in different regions", and Indians coming in close contact with "European education".

question: What movement rose in the 19th century?, answer: Indian nationalism | question: What did Indian first want as government?, answer: self-rule | question: What did Indians finally begin to demand?, answer: complete independence | question: What feature of the nationalism movement is unknown?, answer: causes | question: What can only be listed without absolute firmness in the nationalism movement?, answer: Probable reasons
One of the most important victories of the magnates was the late 16th century right to create ordynacja's (similar to majorats), which ensured that a family which gained wealth and power could more easily preserve this. Ordynacje's of families of Radziwiłł, Zamoyski, Potocki or Lubomirski often rivalled the estates of the king and were important power bases for the magnates.

question: The right to create ordynacja's was important to what group?, answer: magnates | question: When did the right to create ordynacja's happen?, answer: late 16th century | question: What did the right to create ordynacja's entail?, answer: ensured that a family which gained wealth and power could more easily preserve this | question: What did the powerful families do with the kings estates?, answer: often rivalled | question: What was an important power basis for the magnates?, answer: estates of the king
One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written between 1511–12 and published in 1532, after Machiavelli's death. That work, as well as The Discourses, a rigorous analysis of the classical period, did much to influence modern political thought in the West. A minority (including Jean-Jacques Rousseau) interpreted The Prince as a satire meant to be given to the Medici after their recapture of Florence and their subsequent expulsion of Machiavelli from Florence. Though the work was written for the di Medici family in order to perhaps influence them to free him from exile, Machiavelli supported the Republic of Florence rather than the oligarchy of the di Medici family. At any rate, Machiavelli presents a pragmatic and somewhat consequentialist view of politics, whereby good and evil are mere means used to bring about an end—i.e., the secure and powerful state. Thomas Hobbes, well known for his theory of the social contract, goes on to expand this view at the start of the 17th century during the English Renaissance. Although neither Machiavelli nor Hobbes believed in the divine right of kings, they both believed in the inherent selfishness of the individual. It was necessarily this belief that led them to adopt a strong central power as the only means of preventing the disintegration of the social order.

question: What was one of the most influential works during the period?, answer: Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince | question: When was Niccolo Machiavelli's The Prince published?, answer: 1532 | question: Who wrote The Prince?, answer: Niccolò Machiavelli | question: Who was well known for his theory of the social contract?, answer: Thomas Hobbes
One of the most popular shows on CBC Television is the weekly Saturday night broadcast of NHL hockey games, Hockey Night in Canada. It has been televised by the network since 1952. During the NHL lockout and subsequent cancellation of the 2004-2005 hockey season, CBC instead aired various recent and classic movies, branded as Movie Night in Canada, on Saturday nights. Many cultural groups criticized this and suggested the CBC air games from minor hockey leagues; the CBC responded that most such broadcast rights were already held by other groups, but it did base each Movie Night broadcast from a different Canadian hockey venue. Other than hockey, CBC Sports properties include Toronto Raptors basketball, Toronto FC Soccer, and various other amateur and professional events.

question: What year did HNIC begin being broadcasted on CBC?, answer: 1952 | question: What did CBC air during the NHL lockout?, answer: various recent and classic movies | question: On what nights does CBC generally reserve broadcasting for hockey?, answer: Saturday | question: What did CBC call it's movie showings during the NHL Lockout?, answer: Movie Night in Canada