lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The Constitution of the United States of America provides that the United States Congress has the power "To coin money". Laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U.S.C. § 5112. Section 5112 prescribes the forms, in which the United States dollars should be issued. These coins are both designated in Section 5112 as "legal tender" in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar. The pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins, which have values ranging from one cent to 50 dollars. These other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar.

question: Who has the power "to coin money"?, answer: United States Congress | question: Which section indicates the methods in which the dollar should be issued?, answer: 5112 | question: Coins are considered legal tender for which kind of transaction?, answer: payment of debts | question: What is an example of a copper alloy dollar?, answer: Sacagawea dollar | question: What is the pure silver dollar referred to as?, answer: American Silver Eagle
The Constitution provides that "a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time". That provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code. The sums of money reported in the "Statements" are currently being expressed in U.S. dollars (for example, see the 2009 Financial Report of the United States Government). The U.S. dollar may therefore be described as the unit of account of the United States.

question: What dictates that a receipt for expenditures of all public money must be published?, answer: The Constitution | question: Which section specifically states that receipts for public money must be published?, answer: Section 331 | question: Which currency are the sums of money in the "Statements" displayed in?, answer: U.S. dollars | question: What is the unit of account of the United States?, answer: U.S. dollar
The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, and military thinking influenced the new army. A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught the army Prussian tactics and organizational skills.

question: When was the Continental Army created?, answer: 14 June 1775 | question: Who was the commander of the Continental Army?, answer: George Washington | question: From what country did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben come from?, answer: Europe | question: What did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben teach the Continental Army?, answer: Prussian tactics and organizational skills
The Cork School of Music and the Crawford College of Art and Design provide a throughput of new blood, as do the active theatre components of several courses at University College Cork (UCC). Highlights include: Corcadorca Theatre Company, of which Cillian Murphy was a troupe member prior to Hollywood fame; the Institute for Choreography and Dance, a national contemporary dance resource;[citation needed] the Triskel Arts Centre (capacity c.90), which includes the Triskel Christchurch independent cinema; dance venue the Firkin Crane (capacity c.240); the Cork Academy of Dramatic Art (CADA) and Graffiti Theatre Company; and the Cork Jazz Festival, Cork Film Festival, and Live at the Marquee events. The Everyman Palace Theatre (capacity c.650) and the Granary Theatre (capacity c.150) both play host to dramatic plays throughout the year.

question: Where is a good place to find dramatic plays all year in Cork?, answer: The Everyman Palace Theatre (capacity c.650) and the Granary Theatre (capacity c.150) | question: Which Hollywood actress first began in Cork at the Corcadorca Theatre Company?, answer: Cillian Murphy | question: What is a major dance venue in Cork?, answer: the Firkin Crane (capacity c.240) | question: What are someplaces that you could study drama and therter in Cork?, answer: Cork Academy of Dramatic Art (CADA) and Graffiti Theatre Company | question: WHat are some festivals or events of note in Cork?, answer: the Cork Jazz Festival, Cork Film Festival, and Live at the Marquee
The Cork Suburban Rail system also departs from Kent Station and provides connections to parts of Metropolitan Cork. Stations include Little Island, Mallow, Midleton, Fota and Cobh. In July 2009 the Glounthaune to Midleton line was reopened, with new stations at Carrigtwohill and Midleton (with future stations planned for Kilbarry, Monard, Carrigtwohill West and Blarney). Little Island Railway Station serves Cork's Eastern Suburbs, while Kilbarry Railway Station is planned to serve the Northern Suburbs.

question: Which line was reopened in 2009?, answer: Glounthaune to Midleton | question: What new stations were added to the Glounthaune to Midleton line?, answer: Carrigtwohill and Midleton | question: What station is going to be available to the Northern Suburbs?, answer: Kilbarry Railway Station | question: Where are the Little Island Railway Station routes?, answer: Cork's Eastern Suburbs | question: What system are Little Island, Mallow, Midleton, Fota and Cobh stations of?, answer: The Cork Suburban Rail
The Cork accent, part of the Southwest dialect of Hiberno-English, displays various features which set it apart from other accents in Ireland. Patterns of tone and intonation often rise and fall, with the overall tone tending to be more high-pitched than other Irish accents. English spoken in Cork has a number of dialect words that are peculiar to the city and environs. Like standard Hiberno-English, some of these words originate from the Irish language, but others through other languages Cork's inhabitants encountered at home and abroad. The Cork accent displays varying degrees of rhoticity, usually depending on the social-class of the speaker.

question: What sets the Cork accent apart from other Irish accents?, answer: Patterns of tone and intonation often rise and fall, with the overall tone tending to be more high-pitched | question: What is the name of the English dialects that are written and spoken in Cork?, answer: rhoticity | question: Where did Cork get pieces of its language from?, answer: at home and abroad | question: What is the pronunciation of the Irish "r" called?, answer: rhoticity
The Cork area has seen improvements in road infrastructure in recent years. For example, the Cork South Link dual carriageway was built in the early 1980s, to link the Kinsale Road roundabout with the city centre. Shortly afterwards, the first sections of the South Ring dual carriageway were opened. Work continued through the 1990s on extending the N25 South Ring Road, with the opening of the Jack Lynch Tunnel under the River Lee being a significant addition. The Kinsale Road flyover opened in August 2006 to remove a bottleneck for traffic heading to Cork Airport or Killarney. Other projects completed at this time include the N20 Blackpool bypass and the N20 Cork to Mallow road projects. The N22 Ballincollig dual carriageway bypass, which links to the Western end of the Cork Southern Ring road was opened in September 2004. City Centre road improvements include the Patrick Street project - which reconstructed the street with a pedestrian focus. The M8 motorway links Cork with Dublin.

question: When was the Cork South Link dual carriageway built?, answer: 1980s | question: What was the purpose of the dual carriageway?, answer: to link the Kinsale Road roundabout with the city centre | question: What was the purpose of the Kinsale Road flyover?, answer: remove a bottleneck for traffic heading to Cork Airport or Killarney | question: What was a beneficial improvement made to Patrick Street?, answer: pedestrian focus
The Council does not have executive powers but meets biannually to discuss issues of mutual importance. Similarly, the Parliamentary Assembly has no legislative powers but investigates and collects witness evidence from the public on matters of mutual concern to its members. Reports on its findings are presented to the Governments of Ireland and the United Kingdom. During the February 2008 meeting of the British–Irish Council, it was agreed to set up a standing secretariat that would serve as a permanent 'civil service' for the Council. Leading on from developments in the British–Irish Council, the chair of the British–Irish Inter-Parliamentary Assembly, Niall Blaney, has suggested that the body should shadow the British–Irish Council's work.

question: Does the Parliamentary Assembly had any kinds of legislative authority?, answer: no | question: What does the British-Irish Council discuss?, answer: issues of mutual importance | question: What does the British-Irish Council do?, answer: investigates and collects witness evidence | question: How often does the British-Irish Council meet?, answer: biannually | question: Who recommended that the British-Irish Inter-Parliamentary Assembly should look very closely at the work that the British-Irish Council does?, answer: Niall Blaney
The Council of Trent approved a plan in 1563 for correcting the calendrical errors, requiring that the date of the vernal equinox be restored to that which it held at the time of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 and that an alteration to the calendar be designed to prevent future drift. This would allow for a more consistent and accurate scheduling of the feast of Easter. In 1577, a Compendium was sent to expert mathematicians outside the reform commission for comments. Some of these experts, including Giambattista Benedetti and Giuseppe Moleto, believed Easter should be computed from the true motions of the sun and moon, rather than using a tabular method, but these recommendations were not adopted. The reform adopted was a modification of a proposal made by the Calabrian doctor Aloysius Lilius (or Lilio).

question: When did the Council of Trent agree to the corrected calendar?, answer: 1563 | question: To what time did the Council require the date of the vernal equinox to be set?, answer: 325 | question: What did mathematicians of the time want to use to set the date of Easter?, answer: motions of the sun and moon | question: What method was used instead of computations of the sun and moon?, answer: tabular method | question: Whose modified proposal was adopted?, answer: Aloysius Lilius
The Crimean War (1853–1856) was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining Ottoman Empire. The financial burden of the war led the Ottoman state to issue foreign loans amounting to 5 million pounds sterling on 4 August 1854. The war caused an exodus of the Crimean Tatars, about 200,000 of whom moved to the Ottoman Empire in continuing waves of emigration. Toward the end of the Caucasian Wars, 90% of the Circassians were ethnically cleansed and exiled from their homelands in the Caucasus and fled to the Ottoman Empire, resulting in the settlement of 500,000 to 700,000 Circassians in Turkey.[page needed] Some Circassian organisations give much higher numbers, totaling 1–1.5 million deported or killed.

question: During what years did the Crimean War take place?, answer: 1853–1856 | question: On what date did the Ottoman empire issue foreign loans to deal with the cost of the war?, answer: 4 August 1854 | question: Roughly 200,000 individuals of what group left Crimea during the war?, answer: Crimean Tatars | question: Roughly 90% of what group were pushed from their homes or ethnically cleansed during the Caucasian Wars?, answer: Circassians | question: Where did Circassians settle to when leaving their homes in the Caucasus?, answer: Turkey
The Crimean War also saw the first tactical use of railways and other modern inventions, such as the electric telegraph, with the first "live" war reporting to The Times by William Howard Russell. Some credit Russell with prompting the resignation of the sitting British government through his reporting of the lacklustre condition of British forces deployed in Crimea. Additionally, the telegraph reduced the independence of British overseas possessions from their commanders in London due to such rapid communications. Newspaper readership informed public opinion in the United Kingdom and France as never before. It was the first European war to be photographed.

question: The tactical use of railways was first used during what war?, answer: The Crimean War | question: Who gave the first live war report?, answer: William Howard Russell | question: Due to his reporting skills, some give Russell credit for doing what?, answer: prompting the resignation of the sitting British government | question: What reduced the independence of British overseas possessions from their commanders in London?, answer: the telegraph | question: What was the first European war to be photographed?, answer: The Crimean War
The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably be beaten again unless steps were taken to surmount its military weakness." The Crimean War marks the demise of the Concert of Europe, the balance of power that had dominated Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and which had included France, Russia, Austria and the United Kingdom.

question: France rose to power after what war?, answer: The Crimean War | question: What empire declined after the Crimean War?, answer: the Ottoman Empire | question: The Crimean war marked the end of what dominant European power?, answer: Concert of Europe
The Crimean War was a military conflict fought between October 1853 – March 1856 in which Russia lost to an alliance of France, the United Kingdom, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia. The immediate cause involved the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land, which was controlled by the Ottoman Empire. The French promoted the rights of Catholics, while Russia promoted those of the Eastern Orthodox Christians. The longer-term causes involved the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the unwillingness of the United Kingdom and France to allow Russia to gain territory and power at Ottoman expense. It has widely been noted that the causes, in one case involving an argument over a key, have never revealed a "greater confusion of purpose", yet led to a war noted for its "notoriously incompetent international butchery."

question: What year did the Crimean War begin?, answer: 1853 | question: What year did the Crimean War end?, answer: 1856 | question: Who controlled the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land?, answer: Ottoman Empire | question: Who promoted the rights of the Catholic people?, answer: The French | question: Who promoted the rights of the Eastern Orthodox Christians?, answer: Russia
The Crimean War was one of the first conflicts to use modern technologies such as explosive naval shells, railways, and telegraphs.(Preface) The war was one of the first to be documented extensively in written reports and photographs. As the legend of the "Charge of the Light Brigade" demonstrates, the war quickly became an iconic symbol of logistical, medical and tactical failures and mismanagement. The reaction in the UK was a demand for professionalization, most famously achieved by Florence Nightingale, who gained worldwide attention for pioneering modern nursing while treating the wounded.

question: What modern technologies were first used during the Crimean War?, answer: explosive naval shells, railways, and telegraphs | question: Who was recognized for treating the wounded while pioneering modern nursing?, answer: Florence Nightingale | question: The war was one of the first to be documented in what two ways?, answer: written reports and photographs
The Crimean campaign opened in September 1854. 360 ships sailed in seven columns, each steamer towing two sailing ships.:422 Anchoring on 13 September in the bay of Eupatoria, the town surrendered and 500 Marines landed to occupy it. This town and bay would provide a fall back position in case of disaster.:201 The ships then sailed east to make the landing of the allied expeditionary force on the sandy beaches of Calamita Bay on the south west coast of the Crimean Peninsula. The landing surprised the Russians, as they had been expecting a landing at Katcha; the last minute change proving that Russia had known the original battle plan. There was no sign of the enemy and the men were all landed on 14 September. It took another four days to land all the stores, equipment, horses and artillery.

question: In what year did the Crimean campaign open?, answer: 1854 | question: 360 ships landed in what bay?, answer: bay of Eupatoria | question: How many Marines cause Eupatoria to surrender?, answer: 500 Marines | question: What is the name of the bay located at the south west coast of the Crimean Peninsula?, answer: Calamita Bay | question: The Russians were surprised because they were expecting the fleet to land where?, answer: Katcha
The Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division, is located in Clarksburg, West Virginia. Organized beginning in 1991, the office opened in 1995 as the youngest agency division. The complex is the length of three football fields. It provides a main repository for information in various data systems. Under the roof of the CJIS are the programs for the National Crime Information Center (NCIC), Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR), Fingerprint Identification, Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), NCIC 2000, and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Many state and local agencies use these data systems as a source for their own investigations and contribute to the database using secure communications. FBI provides these tools of sophisticated identification and information services to local, state, federal, and international law enforcement agencies.

question: Where is the CJIS located?, answer: Clarksburg, West Virginia | question: When was the CJIS created?, answer: 1991 | question: What purpose does the CJIS serve?, answer: main repository for information | question: Where is the data for the NCIC located?, answer: Under the roof of the CJIS | question: Do states have access to CJIS?, answer: Many state and local agencies use these data
The Croatian Latin alphabet (Gajica) followed suit shortly afterwards, when Ljudevit Gaj defined it as standard Latin with five extra letters that had diacritics, apparently borrowing much from Czech, but also from Polish, and inventing the unique digraphs "lj", "nj" and "dž". These digraphs are represented as "ļ, ń and ǵ" respectively in the "Rječnik hrvatskog ili srpskog jezika", published by the former Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb. The latter digraphs, however, are unused in the literary standard of the language. All in all, this makes Serbo-Croatian the only Slavic language to officially use both the Latin and Cyrillic scripts, albeit the Latin version is more commonly used.

question: Serbo-Croatian is the only Slavic language to use what two scripts together?, answer: Latin and Cyrillic | question: Which version, Latin or Cyrillic, is most commonly used?, answer: Latin | question: How many extra letters does the Croatian Latin alphabet have?, answer: five
The Crusaders in the Holy Land also adopted mosaic decoration under local Byzantine influence. During their 12th-century reconstruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem they complemented the existing Byzantine mosaics with new ones. Almost nothing of them survived except the "Ascension of Christ" in the Latin Chapel (now confusingly surrounded by many 20th-century mosaics). More substantial fragments were preserved from the 12th-century mosaic decoration of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem. The mosaics in the nave are arranged in five horizontal bands with the figures of the ancestors of Christ, Councils of the Church and angels. In the apses the Annunciation, the Nativity, Adoration of the Magi and Dormition of the Blessed Virgin can be seen. The program of redecoration of the church was completed in 1169 as a unique collaboration of the Byzantine emperor, the king of Jerusalem and the Latin Church.

question: Where is the Church of the Holy Sepulchre located?, answer: Jerusalem | question: Where is the mosaic "Ascension of Christ" located?, answer: in the Latin Chapel | question: What nation influenced the Crusaders mosaic styles?, answer: Byzantine | question: What is the name of the lone surviving mosaic of the Crusader period?, answer: "Ascension of Christ" | question: The Byzantine emperor, the king of Jerusalem and the Latin Church came together in what year to redecorate the Church of the Holy Sepulchre?, answer: 1169
The Crusades brought a shift in European trade routes that accelerated the decline of Kievan Rus'. In 1204 the forces of the Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople, making the Dnieper trade route marginal. At the same time the Teutonic Knights (of the Northern Crusades) were conquering the Baltic region and threatening the Lands of Novgorod. Concurrently with it the Ruthenian Federation of Kievan Rus' started to disintegrate into smaller principalities as the Rurik dynasty grew. The local Orthodox Christianity of Kievan Rus', while struggling to establish itself in the predominantly pagan state and losing its main base in Constantinople was on the brink of extinction. Some of the main regional centres that developed later were Novgorod, Chernigov, Galich, Kiev, Ryazan, Vladimir-upon-Klyazma, Vladimir of Volyn and Polotsk.

question: What helped speed up the decline of the Kievan Rus?, answer: The Crusades | question: In what year did the Crusade sack Constantinople?, answer: 1204 | question: What group was attacking the the Baltic Region in 1204?, answer: Teutonic Knights
The Cubism of Picasso, Braque and Gris had more than a technical or formal significance, and the distinct attitudes and intentions of the Salon Cubists produced different kinds of Cubism, rather than a derivative of their work. "It is by no means clear, in any case," wrote Christopher Green, "to what extent these other Cubists depended on Picasso and Braque for their development of such techniques as faceting, 'passage' and multiple perspective; they could well have arrived at such practices with little knowledge of 'true' Cubism in its early stages, guided above all by their own understanding of Cézanne." The works exhibited by these Cubists at the 1911 and 1912 Salons extended beyond the conventional Cézanne-like subjects—the posed model, still-life and landscape—favored by Picasso and Braque to include large-scale modern-life subjects. Aimed at a large public, these works stressed the use of multiple perspective and complex planar faceting for expressive effect while preserving the eloquence of subjects endowed with literary and philosophical connotations.

question: What did Christopher Green say of the difference between traditional cubist and Salon Cubists?, answer: It is by no means clear, in any case | question: Whom did Braque and Picasso aim their works at?, answer: large public