lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
After Congress passed the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA, 1994), the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA, 1996), and the Economic Espionage Act (EEA, 1996), the FBI followed suit and underwent a technological upgrade in 1998, just as it did with its CART team in 1991. Computer Investigations and Infrastructure Threat Assessment Center (CITAC) and the National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC) were created to deal with the increase in Internet-related problems, such as computer viruses, worms, and other malicious programs that threatened US operations. With these developments, the FBI increased its electronic surveillance in public safety and national security investigations, adapting to the telecommunications advancements that changed the nature of such problems.

question: What spurred the FBIs technological upgrade?, answer: CALEA | question: What team underwent a technological upgrade in 1991?, answer: CART | question: What were CITAC and NIPC created to deal with?, answer: Internet-related problems | question: What were computer viruses seen as a threat to?, answer: US operations | question: Did the FBI increase electronic surveillance?, answer: FBI increased its electronic surveillance
After DNA replication is complete, the cell must physically separate the two copies of the genome and divide into two distinct membrane-bound cells.:18.2 In prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) this usually occurs via a relatively simple process called binary fission, in which each circular genome attaches to the cell membrane and is separated into the daughter cells as the membrane invaginates to split the cytoplasm into two membrane-bound portions. Binary fission is extremely fast compared to the rates of cell division in eukaryotes. Eukaryotic cell division is a more complex process known as the cell cycle; DNA replication occurs during a phase of this cycle known as S phase, whereas the process of segregating chromosomes and splitting the cytoplasm occurs during M phase.:18.1

question: What is one thing the cell must do once DNA replication is compete?, answer: physically separate the two copies of the genome | question: What is another thing the cell must do once DNA replication is complete?, answer: divide into two distinct membrane-bound cells | question: In binary fission, what shape is each genome?, answer: circular | question: In binary fission. when does each genome separate into daughter cells?, answer: as the membrane invaginates to split the cytoplasm | question: Compared to the rates of cell division in eukaryotes, with what speed does binary fission occur?, answer: extremely fast
After Demetrius' death, civil wars between Bactrian kings in India allowed Apollodotus I (from c. 180/175 BCE) to make himself independent as the first proper Indo-Greek king (who did not rule from Bactria). Large numbers of his coins have been found in India, and he seems to have reigned in Gandhara as well as western Punjab. Apollodotus I was succeeded by or ruled alongside Antimachus II, likely the son of the Bactrian king Antimachus I. In about 155 (or 165) BC he seems to have been succeeded by the most successful of the Indo-Greek kings, Menander I. Menander converted to Buddhism, and seems to have been a great patron of the religion; he is remembered in some Buddhist texts as 'Milinda'. He also expanded the kingdom further east into Punjab, though these conquests were rather ephemeral.

question: Who was the first Indo-Greek king who did not rule from Bactria?, answer: Apollodotus I | question: Who succeeded or ruled alongside Apollodotus I?, answer: Antimachus II | question: Who succeeded Antimachus II?, answer: Menander I | question: What religion did Menander I convert to?, answer: Buddhism | question: What was Menander I refered to by in Buddhist texts?, answer: Milinda
After Fidel Castro rose to power in Cuba in 1959, many wealthy Cubans sought refuge in Miami, further increasing the population. The city developed businesses and cultural amenities as part of the New South. In the 1980s and 1990s, South Florida weathered social problems related to drug wars, immigration from Haiti and Latin America, and the widespread destruction of Hurricane Andrew. Racial and cultural tensions were sometimes sparked, but the city developed in the latter half of the 20th century as a major international, financial, and cultural center. It is the second-largest U.S. city (after El Paso, Texas) with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.

question: In what year did Fidel Castro take over Cuba?, answer: 1959 | question: From what country did people notably emigrate to southern Florida in the 1980s and 90s?, answer: Haiti | question: What notable hurricane occurred between the 1980s and 1990s?, answer: Andrew | question: What is the largest city in the United States where a majority of the population speaks Spanish?, answer: El Paso, Texas | question: Miami is the US city with the largest population of what ethnic group?, answer: Cuban-American
After Germany entered a Tripartite Pact with Japan and Italy, Ribbentrop wrote to Stalin, inviting Molotov to Berlin for negotiations aimed to create a 'continental bloc' of Germany, Italy, Japan and the USSR that would oppose Britain and the USA. Stalin sent Molotov to Berlin to negotiate the terms for the Soviet Union to join the Axis and potentially enjoy the spoils of the pact. After negotiations during November 1940 on where to extend the USSR's sphere of influence, Hitler broke off talks and continued planning for the eventual attempts to invade the Soviet Union.

question: What countries agreed to a tripartisan agreement?, answer: Germany entered a Tripartite Pact with Japan and Italy | question: Which Foreign Minister proposed that the Soviets should join this agreement of axis powers?, answer: Ribbentrop | question: Who would the axis powers oppose in the new agreement?, answer: Britain and the USA
After Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, the Wehrmacht crossed the Estonian southern border on 7 July. The Red Army retreated behind the Pärnu River – Emajõgi line on 12 July. At the end of July the Germans resumed their advance in Estonia working in tandem with the Estonian Forest Brothers. Both German troops and Estonian partisans took Narva on 17 August and the Estonian capital Tallinn on 28 August. After the Soviets were driven out from Estonia, German troops disarmed all the partisan groups.

question: What date did the Germans invade the Soviets?, answer: 22 June 1941 | question: When did the Werhmacht cross the south border of Estonia?, answer: 7 July | question: What body of water did the Red Army retreat behind?, answer: the Pärnu River | question: When did the Red Army fall back to the Parnu River?, answer: 12 July | question: When did the Germans invade the Soviet Union?, answer: 22 June 1941 | question: When did the Werhmacht cross south border of Estonia?, answer: 7 July | question: Who helped the Germans take over Estonia?, answer: the Estonian Forest Brothers
After Germany led the way with starting DST (German: Sommerzeit) during World War I on 30 April 1916 together with its allies to alleviate hardships from wartime coal shortages and air raid blackouts, the political equation changed in other countries; the United Kingdom used DST first on 21 May 1916. US retailing and manufacturing interests led by Pittsburgh industrialist Robert Garland soon began lobbying for DST, but were opposed by railroads. The US's 1917 entry to the war overcame objections, and DST was established in 1918.

question: What industrialist from Pittsburgh campaigned strongly in favor of DST?, answer: Robert Garland | question: What year did the U.S. go to war, leading to wider acceptance of daylight savings?, answer: 1917 | question: What year did the United States finally adopt Daylight Saving Time?, answer: 1918
After HMS Sheffield was wrecked by an Argentinian attack, The Sun was heavily criticised and even mocked for its coverage of the war in The Daily Mirror and The Guardian, and the wider media queried the veracity of official information and worried about the number of casualties, The Sun gave its response. "There are traitors in our midst", wrote leader writer Ronald Spark on 7 May, accusing commentators on Daily Mirror and The Guardian, plus the BBC's defence correspondent Peter Snow, of "treason" for aspects of their coverage.

question: Which ship was the target of Argentinian aggression?, answer: HMS Sheffield | question: Which newspapers were highly critical of The Sun's war reporting?, answer: The Daily Mirror and The Guardian | question: Who was lead writer of The Sun?, answer: Ronald Spark | question: Who was the BBC's defense correspondent?, answer: Peter Snow | question: What was the accusation leveled by Ronald Spark against The Daily Mirror, The Guardian, and BBC?, answer: treason
After India gained independence in 1947, a limited autonomy was conferred to New Delhi and was administered by a Chief Commissioner appointed by the Government of India. In 1956, Delhi was converted into a union territory and eventually the Chief Commissioner was replaced by a Lieutenant Governor. The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as National Capital Territory of Delhi. A system was introduced under which the elected Government was given wide powers, excluding law and order which remained with the Central Government. The actual enforcement of the legislation came in 1993.

question: In what year did India gain independence?, answer: 1947 | question: In what year was Delhi converted into a union territory?, answer: 1956 | question: What is the name of the act that caused the Union Territory of Delhi to become formally known as the National Capital Territory of Delhi?, answer: The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act | question: The enforcement of the legislation of the Constitution Act began in what year?, answer: 1993 | question: In 1956, Delhi was converted into what type of territory?, answer: a union territory
After India gained independence, the Nizam declared his intention to remain independent rather than become part of the Indian Union. The Hyderabad State Congress, with the support of the Indian National Congress and the Communist Party of India, began agitating against Nizam VII in 1948. On 17 September that year, the Indian Army took control of Hyderabad State after an invasion codenamed Operation Polo. With the defeat of his forces, Nizam VII capitulated to the Indian Union by signing an Instrument of Accession, which made him the Rajpramukh (Princely Governor) of the state until 31 October 1956. Between 1946 and 1951, the Communist Party of India fomented the Telangana uprising against the feudal lords of the Telangana region. The Constitution of India, which became effective on 26 January 1950, made Hyderabad State one of the part B states of India, with Hyderabad city continuing to be the capital. In his 1955 report Thoughts on Linguistic States, B. R. Ambedkar, then chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution, proposed designating the city of Hyderabad as the second capital of India because of its amenities and strategic central location. Since 1956, the Rashtrapati Nilayam in Hyderabad has been the second official residence and business office of the President of India; the President stays once a year in winter and conducts official business particularly relating to Southern India.

question: On what date did the Indian Army take control of Hyderabad?, answer: 1948. On 17 September | question: Which uprising occurred from 1946 to 1951?, answer: the Telangana uprising | question: What was the code name for the Indian Army invasion of Hyderabad?, answer: Operation Polo | question: Which Nizam defeated by the Indian Army?, answer: Nizam VII | question: On what date did the constitution of India become active?, answer: 26 January 1950
After Kerry's 1972 defeat, he and his wife bought a house in Belvidere, Lowell, entering a decade which his brother Cameron later called "the years in exile". He spent some time working as a fundraiser for the Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE), an international humanitarian organization. In September 1973, he entered Boston College Law School. While studying, Kerry worked as a talk radio host on WBZ and, in July 1974, was named executive director of Mass Action, a Massachusetts advocacy association.

question: Where did Kerry move after the 1972 election?, answer: Belvidere, Lowell | question: What did Kerry's brother call the decade after 1972?, answer: "the years in exile" | question: What did Kerry fundraise for?, answer: the Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere | question: When did Kerry enter law school?, answer: September 1973 | question: Where was Kerry a talk radio host?, answer: WBZ
After Kerry's third qualifying wound, he was entitled per Navy regulations to reassignment away from combat duties. Kerry's preferred choice for reassignment was as a military aide in Boston, New York or Washington, D.C. On April 11, 1969, he reported to the Brooklyn-based Atlantic Military Sea Transportation Service, where he would remain on active duty for the following year as a personal aide to an officer, Rear Admiral Walter Schlech. On January 1, 1970 Kerry was temporarily promoted to full Lieutenant. Kerry had agreed to an extension of his active duty obligation from December 1969 to August 1970 in order to perform Swift Boat duty. John Kerry was on active duty in the United States Navy from August 1966 until January 1970. He continued to serve in the Naval Reserve until February 1978.

question: Which wound allowed Kerry to leave combat duty?, answer: third | question: Where was Kerry reassigned in April 1969?, answer: the Brooklyn-based Atlantic Military Sea Transportation Service | question: When did Kerry become a lieutenant?, answer: January 1, 1970 | question: Who was Kerry a personal aide for?, answer: Rear Admiral Walter Schlech | question: When did Kerry leave the Naval Reserve?, answer: February 1978
After Kim Jong Il, the second ruler of North Korea, died in December 2011, Kim Jong Un stepped up and began mandating the use of Hanja as a source of definition for the Korean language. Currently, it is said that North Korea teaches around 3,000 Hanja characters to North Korean students, and in some cases, the characters appear within advertisements and newspapers. However, it is also said that the authorities implore students not to use the characters in public. Due to North Korea's strict isolationism, accurate reports about hanja use in North Korea are hard to obtain.

question: When did the second ruler of North Korea pass away?, answer: December 2011 | question: Who stepped up after 2011?, answer: Kim Jong Un | question: Who began moderating the use of Hanja?, answer: Kim Jong Un
After Laporta's departure from the club in June 2010, Sandro Rosell was soon elected as the new president. The elections were held on 13 June, where he got 61.35% (57,088 votes, a record) of total votes. Rosell signed David Villa from Valencia for €40 million and Javier Mascherano from Liverpool for €19 million. In November 2010, Barcelona defeated their main rival, Real Madrid 5–0 in El Clásico. In the 2010–11 season, Barcelona retained the La Liga trophy, their third title in succession, finishing with 96 points. In April 2011, the club reached the Copa del Rey final, losing 1–0 to Real Madrid at the Mestalla in Valencia. In May, Barcelona defeated Manchester United in the 2011 Champions League Final 3–1 held at Wembley Stadium, a repeat of the 2009 final, winning their fourth European Cup. In August 2011, La Masia graduate Cesc Fàbregas was bought from Arsenal and he would help Barcelona defend the Spanish Supercup against Real Madrid. The Supercup victory brought the total number of official trophies to 73, matching the number of titles won by Real Madrid.

question: Who was elected as president of the Barcelona club in 2010?, answer: Sandro Rosell | question: What percentage of the votes for president did Rosell get?, answer: 61.35% | question: What was Rosell's record number of votes he received for president?, answer: 57,088 | question: How much did Barcelona pay to sign David Villa?, answer: €40 million | question: What team did Barcelona beat in El Clasico in 2010?, answer: Real Madrid
After Madonna signed a singles deal with Sire, her debut single, "Everybody", was released in October 1982, and the second, "Burning Up", in March 1983. Both became big club hits in the United States, reaching number three on Hot Dance Club Songs chart compiled by Billboard magazine. After this success, she started developing her debut album, Madonna, which was primarily produced by Reggie Lucas of Warner Bros. However, she was not happy with the completed tracks and disagreed with Lucas' production techniques, so decided to seek additional help.

question: What was Madonna's debut single called?, answer: Everybody | question: When was "Everybody" released?, answer: October 1982 | question: What was the name of the second single called?, answer: Burning Up | question: Who produced Madonna's debut album?, answer: Reggie Lucas of Warner Bros | question: Madonna's dance singles reached which number in the "Hot Dance Club Songs" by the Billboard Magazine?, answer: three
After Mary continued in the "blood of her purifying" another 33 days for a total of 40 days, she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem,[Luke 2:22] so the priest could make atonement for her sins, being cleansed from her blood.[Leviticus 12:1-8] They also presented Jesus – "As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord" (Luke 2:23other verses). After the prophecies of Simeon and the prophetess Anna in Luke 2:25-38 concluded, Joseph and Mary took Jesus and "returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth".[Luke 2:39]

question: How long in total was the "blood of her purifying" for Mary?, answer: 40 days | question: Where did Mary bring a burnt offering and sin offering?, answer: the Temple in Jerusalem | question: Who was presented at the Temple in Jerusalem?, answer: Jesus | question: Who prophesized in Luke 2:25-38?, answer: Simeon and the prophetess Anna in | question: To which Galilean city did Joseph and Mary take Jesus?, answer: Nazareth
After Morsi was ousted by the military, the judiciary system aligned itself with the new government, actively suopporting the repression of Muslim Brotherhood members. This resulted in a sharp increase in mass death sentences that arose criticism from the US president Barack Obama and the General Secretary of the UN, Ban Ki Moon. In April 2013, one judge of the Minya governatorate of Upper Egypt, sentenced 1,212 people to death. In December 2014 the judge Mohammed Nagi Shahata, notorious for his fierceness in passing on death sentences, condemened to the capital penalty 188 members of the Muslim Brotherhood, for assaulting a police station. Various Egyptian and international human rights organisations have already pointed out the lack of fair trials, that often last only a few minutes and do not take into consideration the procedural standards of fair trials.

question: What US president was critical of Egypt's repression of Muslim Brotherhood?, answer: US president Barack Obama | question: How many individuals did one judge in Minya governatorate court sentence to death in April 2013?, answer: 1,212 | question: What was the criticism of judge Mohammad NAgi Shatata sentence of 188 member of Muslim Brotherhood for assaulting police station?, answer: lack of fair trials, that often last only a few minutes
After Napoleon imposed the Convention of Artlenburg (Convention of the Elbe) on July 5, 1803, about 30,000 French soldiers occupied Hanover. The Convention also required disbanding the army of Hanover. However, George III did not recognize the Convention of the Elbe. This resulted in a great number of soldiers from Hanover eventually emigrating to Great Britain, where the King's German Legion was formed. It was the only German army to fight against France throughout the entire Napoleonic wars. The Legion later played an important role in the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. The Congress of Vienna in 1815 elevated the electorate to the Kingdom of Hanover. The capital town Hanover expanded to the western bank of the Leine and since then has grown considerably.

question: Who imposed the Convention of Artlenburg?, answer: Napoleon | question: How many French soldiers occupied Hanover?, answer: 30,000 | question: Where did many soldiers from Hanover emigrate to?, answer: Great Britain | question: What did the soldiers who emigrated form?, answer: King's German Legion | question: Who elevated Hanover to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1815?, answer: The Congress of Vienna
After Napoleon's death, the thousands of temporary visitors were soon withdrawn and the East India Company resumed full control of Saint Helena. Between 1815 and 1830, the EIC made available to the government of the island the packet schooner St Helena, which made multiple trips per year between the island and the Cape carrying passengers both ways, and supplies of wine and provisions back to the island.

question: Who took full control of the island after Napoleon's death?, answer: East India Company | question: The EIC made what available to the government of the island between 1815 and 1830?, answer: the packet schooner St Helena | question: The packet schooner St Helena brought supplies of what to the island?, answer: wine and provisions
After Nasser died in November 1970, his successor, Anwar Sadat, suggested that rather than a unified state, they create a political federation, implemented in April 1971; in doing so, Egypt, Syria and Sudan got large grants of Libyan oil money. In February 1972, Gaddafi and Sadat signed an unofficial charter of merger, but it was never implemented as relations broke down the following year. Sadat became increasingly wary of Libya's radical direction, and the September 1973 deadline for implementing the Federation passed by with no action taken.

question: Who did Anwar Sadat succeed?, answer: Nasser | question: What was the alternative to creating an Arab political federation?, answer: unified state | question: Along with Libya, what nations joined the political federation?, answer: Egypt, Syria and Sudan | question: In what year was the merger charter signed?, answer: 1972 | question: When did the federation have to be implemented by?, answer: September 1973
After Richard's death on 6 April 1199 there were two potential claimants to the Angevin throne: John, whose claim rested on being the sole surviving son of Henry II, and young Arthur I of Brittany, who held a claim as the son of John's elder brother Geoffrey. Richard appears to have started to recognise John as his heir presumptive in the final years before his death, but the matter was not clear-cut and medieval law gave little guidance as to how the competing claims should be decided. With Norman law favouring John as the only surviving son of Henry II and Angevin law favouring Arthur as the only son of Henry's elder son, the matter rapidly became an open conflict. John was supported by the bulk of the English and Norman nobility and was crowned at Westminster, backed by his mother, Eleanor. Arthur was supported by the majority of the Breton, Maine and Anjou nobles and received the support of Philip II, who remained committed to breaking up the Angevin territories on the continent. With Arthur's army pressing up the Loire valley towards Angers and Philip's forces moving down the valley towards Tours, John's continental empire was in danger of being cut in two.

question: When did Richard die?, answer: 6 April 1199 | question: Who was the sole surviving son?, answer: John | question: Where was John crowned?, answer: Westminster | question: Whose army pressed up the Loire valley?, answer: Arthur