lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Apple discontinued the use of PowerPC microprocessors in 2006. At WWDC 2005, Steve Jobs announced this transition, revealing that Mac OS X was always developed to run on both the Intel and PowerPC architectures. All new Macs now use x86 processors made by Intel, and some were renamed as a result. Intel-based Macs running OS X 10.6 and below (support has been discontinued since 10.7) can run pre-existing software developed for PowerPC using an emulator called Rosetta, although at noticeably slower speeds than native programs. However, the Classic environment is unavailable on the Intel architecture. Intel chips introduced the potential to run the Microsoft Windows operating system natively on Apple hardware, without emulation software such as Virtual PC. In March 2006, a group of hackers announced that they were able to run Windows XP on an Intel-based Mac. The group released their software as open source and has posted it for download on their website. On April 5, 2006, Apple announced the availability of the public beta of Boot Camp, software that allows owners of Intel-based Macs to install Windows XP on their machines; later versions added support for Windows Vista and Windows 7. Classic was discontinued in Mac OS X 10.5, and Boot Camp became a standard feature on Intel-based Macs.

question: When did Apple discontinue the use of PowerPC microprocessors?, answer: 2006 | question: Who announced the capability to run Windows XP on an Intel-based Mac in 2006?, answer: a group of hackers | question: How did hackers release their software for running Windows on Macs?, answer: for download on their website | question: When did Apple announce software that would allow Windows XP to be run on Intel-based Macs?, answer: April 5, 2006 | question: What is the name of the software that Apple introduced for running Windows XP?, answer: Boot Camp
Apple has generally dominated the premium PC market, having a 91 percent market share for PCs priced at more than $1,000 in 2009, according to NPD. The Macintosh took 45 percent of operating profits in the PC industry during Q4 2012, compared to 13 percent for Dell, seven percent for Hewlett Packard, six percent for Lenovo and Asus, and one percent for Acer. While sales of the Macintosh have largely held steady, in comparison to Apple's sales of the iPhone and iPad which increased significantly during the 2010s, Macintosh computers still enjoy high margins on a per unit basis, with the majority being their MacBooks that are focused on the ultraportable niche that is the most profitable and only growing segment of PCs. It also helped that the Macintosh lineup is simple, updated on a yearly schedule, and consistent across both Apple retail stores, and authorized resellers where they have a special "store within a store" section to distinguish them from Windows PCs. In contrast, Windows PC manufacturers generally have a wide range of offerings, selling only a portion through retail with a full selection on the web, and often with limited-time or region-specific models. The Macintosh ranked third on the "list of intended brands for desktop purchases" for the 2011 holiday season, then moved up to second in 2012 by displacing Hewlett Packard, and in 2013 took the top spot ahead of Dell.

question: According to NPD, who has generally dominated the premium PC market?, answer: Apple | question: What was Macintosh ranked on the "list of intended brands for desktop purchases" for the 2011 holiday season?, answer: third | question: Who did Macintosh displace from 2nd place on the 2012 holiday season "list of intended brands for desktop purchases"?, answer: Hewlett Packard | question: Who did Macintosh displace from 1st place on the 2013 holiday season "list of intended brands for desktop purchases"?, answer: Dell | question: Which of Apple's products is focused on the ultraportable niche of PC's?, answer: MacBooks
Apple released the Macintosh Plus on January 10, 1986, for a price of US$2,600. It offered one megabyte of RAM, easily expandable to four megabytes by the use of socketed RAM boards. It also featured a SCSI parallel interface, allowing up to seven peripherals—such as hard drives and scanners—to be attached to the machine. Its floppy drive was increased to an 800 kB capacity. The Mac Plus was an immediate success and remained in production, unchanged, until October 15, 1990; on sale for just over four years and ten months, it was the longest-lived Macintosh in Apple's history. In September 1986, Apple introduced the Macintosh Programmer's Workshop, or MPW, an application that allowed software developers to create software for Macintosh on Macintosh, rather than cross compiling from a Lisa. In August 1987, Apple unveiled HyperCard and MultiFinder, which added cooperative multitasking to the Macintosh. Apple began bundling both with every Macintosh.

question: What was the longest-lived Macintosh in Apple's history while it was in production?, answer: The Mac Plus | question: How long did the Mac Plus remain in production, unchanged?, answer: just over four years and ten months | question: In 1986, what did Apple introduce to allow developers to create software for Macintosh on Macintosh?, answer: Macintosh Programmer's Workshop | question: What did Apple's HyerCard and MultiFinder add to the Macintosh?, answer: cooperative multitasking | question: After their unveiling in 1987, what did Apple begin bundling with every Macintosh?, answer: HyperCard and MultiFinder
Apple spent $2.5 million purchasing all 39 advertising pages in a special, post-election issue of Newsweek, and ran a "Test Drive a Macintosh" promotion, in which potential buyers with a credit card could take home a Macintosh for 24 hours and return it to a dealer afterwards. While 200,000 people participated, dealers disliked the promotion, the supply of computers was insufficient for demand, and many were returned in such a bad condition that they could no longer be sold. This marketing campaign caused CEO John Sculley to raise the price from US$1,995 to US$2,495 (about $5,200 when adjusted for inflation in 2010). The computer sold well, nonetheless, reportedly outselling the IBM PCjr which also began shipping early that year. By April 1984 the company sold 50,000 Macintoshes, and hoped for 70,000 by early May and almost 250,000 by the end of the year.

question: How much did Apple spend to advertise in a special post-election issue of Newsweek?, answer: $2.5 million | question: What was the name of the big promotion Apple ran in the special edition of Newsweek?, answer: "Test Drive a Macintosh" | question: What did Apple allow potential buyers to take home and try for 24 hours?, answer: a Macintosh | question: How were many computers returned during the Test Drive a Macintosh promotion that made them unsellable?, answer: a bad condition | question: Who was the CEO of Apple during the Test Drive a Macintosh promotion?, answer: John Sculley
Apple was initially reluctant to embrace mice with multiple buttons and scroll wheels. Macs did not natively support pointing devices that featured multiple buttons, even from third parties, until Mac OS X arrived in 2001. Apple continued to offer only single button mice, in both wired and Bluetooth wireless versions, until August 2005, when it introduced the Mighty Mouse. While it looked like a traditional one-button mouse, it actually had four buttons and a scroll ball, capable of independent x- and y-axis movement. A Bluetooth version followed in July 2006. In October 2009, Apple introduced the Magic Mouse, which uses multi-touch gesture recognition (similar to that of the iPhone) instead of a physical scroll wheel or ball. It is available only in a wireless configuration, but the wired Mighty Mouse (re-branded as "Apple Mouse") is still available as an alternative. Since 2010, Apple has also offered the Magic Trackpad as a means to control Macintosh desktop computers in a way similar to laptops.

question: Who was initially reluctant to embrace mice with multiple buttons and scroll wheels?, answer: Apple | question: What was the name of the 1st multiple button mouse introduced by Apple?, answer: Mighty Mouse | question: How many buttons did the Mighty Mouse have?, answer: four | question: What did Apple introduce to take the place of a physical scroll wheel in 2009?, answer: multi-touch gesture recognition | question: What Apple mouse 1st used multi-touch gesture recognition?, answer: Magic Mouse
Apple's HyperCard scripting language provided Macintosh computer users with a means to design databases of slides, animation, video and sounds from LaserDiscs and then to create interfaces for users to play specific content from the disc through software called LaserStacks. User-created "stacks" were shared and were especially popular in education where teacher-generated stacks were used to access discs ranging from art collections to basic biological processes. Commercially available stacks were also popular with the Voyager company being possibly the most successful distributor.

question: Which of Apple's programming languages allowed users to ceatively manipulate LaserDiscs?, answer: HyperCard | question: What did LaserStacks software enable Mac users to do?, answer: play specific content from the disc | question: Where were "stacks" created with the LaserStack software used?, answer: in education | question: Which commercial company was LaserStack's most successful distributor?, answer: Voyager
Apple's Safari had its first beta release in January 2003; as of April 2011, it had a dominant share of Apple-based web browsing, accounting for just over 7% of the entire browser market.

question: When was the first beta release for Safari?, answer: January 2003 | question: Who created Safari?, answer: Apple
Application of electric motors revolutionized industry. Industrial processes were no longer limited by power transmission using line shafts, belts, compressed air or hydraulic pressure. Instead every machine could be equipped with its own electric motor, providing easy control at the point of use, and improving power transmission efficiency. Electric motors applied in agriculture eliminated human and animal muscle power from such tasks as handling grain or pumping water. Household uses of electric motors reduced heavy labor in the home and made higher standards of convenience, comfort and safety possible. Today, electric motors stand for more than half of the electric energy consumption in the US.

question: How much energy do electric motors use in the modern United States?, answer: more than half | question: In what domain did electric motors reduce reliance on humans and animals?, answer: agriculture | question: Besides shafts, belts and compressed air, what did electric motors reduce the need for?, answer: hydraulic pressure | question: Where did electric motors improve convenience and safety?, answer: in the home
Application of the term "Indian" originated with Christopher Columbus, who, in his search for Asia, thought that he had arrived in the East Indies. The Americas came to be known as the "West Indies", a name still used to refer to the islands of the Caribbean Sea. This led to the names "Indies" and "Indian", which implied some kind of racial or cultural unity among the aboriginal peoples of the Americas. This unifying concept, codified in law, religion, and politics, was not originally accepted by indigenous peoples but has been embraced by many over the last two centuries.[citation needed] Even though the term "Indian" does not include the Aleuts, Inuit, or Yupik peoples, these groups are considered indigenous peoples of the Americas.

question: What incorrect term for the indigenous population originated with Christopher Columbus?, answer: Indian | question: Where did Columbus believe he had arrived?, answer: East Indies | question: Because of Columbus' mistake, the Americas came to be known as what?, answer: West Indies | question: What is implied by the global term of "Indian"?, answer: some kind of racial or cultural unity | question: Despite fitting under the umbrella label of "Indian", Aleuts, Inuit and Yupik peoples are still considered to be what to the Americas?, answer: indigenous
Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, the Viceroy of India, and the colonial governors, as well as on nominations from within the United Kingdom. As the Empire evolved into the Commonwealth, nominations continued to come from the Commonwealth realms, in which the monarch remained head of state. These overseas nominations have been discontinued in realms that have established their own Orders—such as the Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit—but members of the Order are still appointed in the British Overseas Territories.

question: How were the appointments to the Order of the British Empire made?, answer: nomination of the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, the Viceroy of India, and the colonial governors | question: What remained the head of state of the British Empire?, answer: the monarch | question: What evolved as the Commonwealth nominations continued?, answer: Empire | question: Why did the oversea nominations discontinue?, answer: established their own Orders | question: What countries established new orders?, answer: Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit
Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were discontinued in those Commonwealth realms that established a national system of honours and awards such as the Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit. In many of these systems, the different levels of award and honour reflect the Imperial system they replaced. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand all have (in increasing level of precedence) Members of, Officers of, and Companions to (rather than Commanders of) their respective orders, with both Australia and New Zealand having Knights and Dames as their highest classes.

question: Who was discontinued in the Commonwealth realms?, answer: Appointments to the Order of the British Empire | question: Who established a national system of honours and awards?, answer: Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit | question: How were the different levels of award and honour reflected the imperial system?, answer: Canada, Australia, and New Zealand | question: What were the highest class?, answer: Knights and Dames
Approximately 10% of the country's population belong to the Christian community, and 40% continue to hold Indigenous beliefs. These statistics can be misleading, however, as many residents practice syncretic forms of Islamic and Christian faiths, combining their practices with traditional African beliefs.

question: What percentage of the population is Christian?, answer: Approximately 10% | question: What percentage of the population continues to hold indigenous beliefs?, answer: 40% | question: What forms of Islamic and Christian faiths do many residents practice?, answer: syncretic | question: What do many residents combine with Islamic and Christian practices?, answer: traditional African beliefs
Approximately 10,000 years ago, desertification forced hunter-gatherer societies south into the Sahel regions of northern Central Africa, where some groups settled and began farming as part of the Neolithic Revolution. Initial farming of white yam progressed into millet and sorghum, and before 3000 BC the domestication of African oil palm improved the groups' nutrition and allowed for expansion of the local populations. Bananas arrived in the region and added an important source of carbohydrates to the diet; they were also used in the production of alcoholic beverages.[when?] This Agricultural Revolution, combined with a "Fish-stew Revolution", in which fishing began to take place, and the use of boats, allowed for the transportation of goods. Products were often moved in ceramic pots, which are the first known examples of artistic expression from the region's inhabitants.

question: How long ago did people start living in the area?, answer: Approximately 10,000 years ago | question: What agricultural job did people settling in the area perform?, answer: farming | question: What vegetation helped populations expand?, answer: African oil palm | question: What was an imported food that provided most of the carbohydrates?, answer: Bananas | question: What important protein helped with expansion of the inhabitants?, answer: Fish
Approximately 12 million Africans were shipped to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade from 1492 to 1888, with 11.5 million of those shipped to South America and the Caribbean. Brazil was the largest importer in the Americas, with 5.5 million African slaves imported, followed by the British Caribbean with 2.76 million, the Spanish Caribbean and Spanish Mainland with 1.59 million Africans, and the French Caribbean with 1.32 million. Today their descendants number approximately 150 million in South America and the Caribbean. In addition to skin color, other physical characteristics such as facial features and hair texture are often variously used in classifying peoples as black in South America and the Caribbean. In South America and the Caribbean, classification as black is also closely tied to social status and socioeconomic variables, especially in light of social conceptions of "blanqueamiento" (racial whitening) and related concepts.

question: How many Africans were shipped to the US between 1492 to 1888?, answer: 12 million | question: How many were shipped to South America and the Caribbean?, answer: 11.5 million | question: How many slaves were imported by Brazil?, answer: 5.5 million | question: How many slaves were imported by the British Caribbean?, answer: 2.76 million | question: How is black identified in South America?, answer: closely tied to social status and socioeconomic variables,
Approximately 96.4% of Ecuador's Indigenous population are Highland Quichuas living in the valleys of the Sierra region. Primarily consisting of the descendents of Incans, they are Kichwa speakers and include the Caranqui, the Otavalos, the Cayambi, the Quitu-Caras, the Panzaleo, the Chimbuelo, the Salasacan, the Tugua, the Puruhá, the Cañari, and the Saraguro. Linguistic evidence suggests that the Salascan and the Saraguro may have been the descendants of Bolivian ethnic groups transplanted to Ecuador as mitimaes.

question: What percentage of Ecuador's indigenous population are Highland Quichuas?, answer: 96.4% | question: Who are the Highland Quichuas primarily descended from?, answer: Inca | question: Where do the Highland Quichuas live?, answer: valleys of the Sierra region | question: The Saraguro and Panzaleo are two of the member groups of what population?, answer: Highland Quichuas | question: What language do the Highland Quichuas speak?, answer: Kichwa
Approximately one-third of East Prussia's population died in the plague and famine of 1709–1711, including the last speakers of Old Prussian. The plague, probably brought by foreign troops during the Great Northern War, killed 250,000 East Prussians, especially in the province's eastern regions. Crown Prince Frederick William I led the rebuilding of East Prussia, founding numerous towns. Thousands of Protestants expelled from the Archbishopric of Salzburg were allowed to settle in depleted East Prussia. The province was overrun by Imperial Russian troops during the Seven Years' War.

question: What wiped out one third of East Prussia's population during the early 1700's?, answer: the plague and famine | question: What was lost in Prussia's history during the Plague?, answer: speakers of Old Prussian | question: What military overran much of East Prussia?, answer: Russian troops
Arab nationalists led by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser refused to recognize Israel, and called for its destruction. By 1966, Israeli-Arab relations had deteriorated to the point of actual battles taking place between Israeli and Arab forces. In May 1967, Egypt massed its army near the border with Israel, expelled UN peacekeepers, stationed in the Sinai Peninsula since 1957, and blocked Israel's access to the Red Sea[citation needed]. Other Arab states mobilized their forces. Israel reiterated that these actions were a casus belli. On 5 June 1967, Israel launched a pre-emptive strike against Egypt. Jordan, Syria and Iraq responded and attacked Israel. In a Six-Day War, Israel defeated Jordan and captured the West Bank, defeated Egypt and captured the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula, and defeated Syria and captured the Golan Heights. Jerusalem's boundaries were enlarged, incorporating East Jerusalem, and the 1949 Green Line became the administrative boundary between Israel and the occupied territories.

question: Who refused toe recognize Israel?, answer: Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser | question: When did Egypt mass it's army near the border with Israel?, answer: 1967 | question: What became the administrative boundary between Israel and occupied territories?, answer: Green Line
Arabic dialects are the most widely spoken languages in the Sahara. The live in the Red Sea Hills of southeastern Egypt and eastern Sudan. Arabic, Berber and its variants now regrouped under the term Amazigh (which includes the Guanche language spoken by the original Berber inhabitants of the Canary Islands) and Beja languages are part of the Afro-Asiatic or Hamito-Semitic family.[citation needed] Unlike neighboring West Africa and the central governments of the states that comprise the Sahara, the French language bears little relevance to inter-personal discourse and commerce within the region, its people retaining staunch ethnic and political affiliations with Tuareg and Berber leaders and culture. The legacy of the French colonial era administration is primarily manifested in the territorial reorganization enacted by the Third and Fourth republics, which engendered artificial political divisions within a hitherto isolated and porous region. Diplomacy with local clients was primarily conducted in Arabic, which was the traditional language of bureaucratic affairs. Mediation of disputes and inter-agency communication was served by interpreters contracted by the French government, who, according to Keenan, "documented a space of intercultural mediation," contributing much to preserving indigenous cultural identities in the region.

question: What is the most common dialect spoken in the Sahara?, answer: Arabic | question: What language is mainly spoken in West Africa?, answer: French | question: What was the traditional language of Bureaucratic affairs?, answer: Arabic
Arabic translation efforts and techniques are important to Western translation traditions due to centuries of close contacts and exchanges. Especially after the Renaissance, Europeans began more intensive study of Arabic and Persian translations of classical works as well as scientific and philosophical works of Arab and oriental origins. Arabic and, to a lesser degree, Persian became important sources of material and perhaps of techniques for revitalized Western traditions, which in time would overtake the Islamic and oriental traditions.

question: Why are Arabic translation efforts important to Western translation traditions?, answer: centuries of close contacts and exchanges | question: When did Europeans begin more intense studying of Arabic translations of classical works?, answer: after the Renaissance | question: What did Arabic, and to a less extent Persian, become to Europeans?, answer: important sources of material | question: What helped revitalize Western translation traditions from Arabic?, answer: techniques | question: What would Western traditions eventually do?, answer: overtake the Islamic and oriental traditions