lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
For two and a half centuries from the mid 13th, the politics in the Northern India was dominated by the Delhi Sultanate and in the Southern India by the Vijayanagar Empire which originated as a political heir of the erstwhile Hoysala Empire and Pandyan Empire. However, there were other regional powers present as well. In the North, the Rajputs were a dominant force in the Western and Central India. Their power reached to the zenith under Rana Sanga during whose time Rajput armies were constantly victorious against the Sultanate army. In the South, the Bahmani Sultanate was the chief rival of the Vijaynagara and gave Vijayanagara tough days many a times. In the early 16th century Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Empire defeated the last remnant of Bahmani Sultanate power after which the Bahmani Sultanate collapsed. It was established either by a Brahman convert or patronized by a Brahman and form that source it got the name Bahmani. In the early 16th century, it collapsed and got split into five small Deccan sultanates. In the East, the Gajapati Kingdom remained a strong regional power to reckon with, so was the Ahom Kingdom in the North-east for six centuries.

question: From the mid 13th century, what dominated politics in northern India?, answer: Delhi Sultanate | question: What empire dominated in the south of India in the 13th century?, answer: Vijayanagar Empire | question: What group dominated in western and central India at the start of the 13th century?, answer: Rajputs | question: Gajapati Kingdom was powerful in the east for how many centuries?, answer: six centuries | question: What empire beat the last Bahmani Sultanate?, answer: Vijayanagara Empire
For users and small businesses, traditional options include copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface). Using fiber-optics to end users is called Fiber To The Home or similar names.

question: what traditional options were available for users and small businesses?, answer: copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface) | question: what is it called when fiber-optics are used for end users?, answer: Fiber To The Home | question: who is served by dial-up, dsl, adsl, cable modems, or isdns?, answer: users and small businesses
For various reasons, the new firm operated as a dual-listed company, whereby the merging companies maintained their legal existence, but operated as a single-unit partnership for business purposes. The terms of the merger gave 60 percent ownership of the new group to the Dutch arm and 40 percent to the British. National patriotic sensibilities would not permit a full-scale merger or takeover of either of the two companies. The Dutch company, Koninklijke Nederlandsche Petroleum Maatschappij, was in charge at The Hague of production and manufacture. A British company was formed, called the Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Company, based in London, to direct the transport and storage of the products.

question: What percent of ownership did the merger award the Dutch branch?, answer: 60 | question: What prevented a full-scale merger of the two companies?, answer: National patriotic sensibilities | question: What was the primary function of the Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Company?, answer: to direct the transport and storage of the products | question: The new firm operated as what type of company?, answer: a dual-listed company | question: What percent of ownership of the new company was awarded to the British?, answer: 40
For vertebrates, the early stages of neural development are similar across all species. As the embryo transforms from a round blob of cells into a wormlike structure, a narrow strip of ectoderm running along the midline of the back is induced to become the neural plate, the precursor of the nervous system. The neural plate folds inward to form the neural groove, and then the lips that line the groove merge to enclose the neural tube, a hollow cord of cells with a fluid-filled ventricle at the center. At the front end, the ventricles and cord swell to form three vesicles that are the precursors of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. At the next stage, the forebrain splits into two vesicles called the telencephalon (which will contain the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures) and the diencephalon (which will contain the thalamus and hypothalamus). At about the same time, the hindbrain splits into the metencephalon (which will contain the cerebellum and pons) and the myelencephalon (which will contain the medulla oblongata). Each of these areas contains proliferative zones where neurons and glial cells are generated; the resulting cells then migrate, sometimes for long distances, to their final positions.

question: The precursor of the nervous system is called what in vertebrates?, answer: the neural plate | question: The neural groove is a hollow cord of cells with what in the center?, answer: fluid-filled ventricle | question: The forebrain splits during development into vesicles called what?, answer: telencephalon (which will contain the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures) and the diencephalon | question: The vesicle that contains the cerebral cortex is which one?, answer: telencephalon | question: The thalamus and hypothalamus are contained in which vesicle?, answer: the diencephalon
For years Burke pursued impeachment efforts against Warren Hastings, formerly Governor-General of Bengal, that resulted in the trial during 1786. His interaction with the British dominion of India began well before Hastings' impeachment trial. For two decades prior to the impeachment, Parliament had dealt with the Indian issue. This trial was the pinnacle of years of unrest and deliberation. In 1781 Burke was first able to delve into the issues surrounding the East India Company when he was appointed Chairman of the Commons Select Committee on East Indian Affairs—from that point until the end of the trial; India was Burke's primary concern. This committee was charged "to investigate alleged injustices in Bengal, the war with Hyder Ali, and other Indian difficulties". While Burke and the committee focused their attention on these matters, a second 'secret' committee was formed to assess the same issues. Both committee reports were written by Burke. Among other purposes, the reports conveyed to the Indian princes that Britain would not wage war on them, along with demanding that the HEIC recall Hastings. This was Burke's first call for substantive change regarding imperial practices. When addressing the whole House of Commons regarding the committee report, Burke described the Indian issue as one that "began 'in commerce' but 'ended in empire.'"

question: When was Warren Hastings impeached?, answer: 1786 | question: Where was Hastings formerly the governor?, answer: Bengal | question: How long before Hastings's trial had Britain been dealing with Indian unrest?, answer: two decades | question: What was Burke made chairman of in 1781?, answer: the Commons Select Committee on East Indian Affairs | question: When Burke said the Indian problems 'began in commerce', where did he say the problems ended in?, answer: empire
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Egypt increased considerably before the removal of Hosni Mubarak, exceeding $6 billion in 2006, due to economic liberalisation and privatisation measures taken by minister of investment Mahmoud Mohieddin.[citation needed] Since the fall of Hosni Mubarak in 2011, Egypt has experienced a drastic fall in both foreign investment and tourism revenues, followed by a 60% drop in foreign exchange reserves, a 3% drop in growth, and a rapid devaluation of the Egyptian pound.

question: How much had FDI increased to in 2006?, answer: $6 billion | question: Since 2011 direction has Forign direct investment gone?, answer: drastic fall | question: What has been the change in foreign exhange reserves since 2011?, answer: 60% drop | question: What has been the overall growth of economy since 2011?, answer: 3% drop
Foreign students' department for Armenian diaspora established in 1957 later was enlarged and the enrollment of foreign students began. Nowadays the YSMU is a Medical Institution corresponding to international requirements, trains medical staff for not only Armenia and neighbor countries, i.e. Iran, Syria, Lebanon, Georgia, but also many other leading countries all over the world. A great number of foreign students from India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, the USA and Russian Federation study together with Armenian students. Nowadays the university is ranked among famous higher Medical Institutions and takes its honorable place in the World Directory of Medical Schools published by the WHO.

question: Who is in charge of releasing the World Directory of Medical Schools?, answer: WHO | question: When was the foreign student department for Armenian diaspora created?, answer: 1957 | question: Armenian students attend YMSU with foreign students from where?, answer: India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, the USA and Russian Federation
Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved, whilst undesirable species were eliminated. Eventually superior foreign species were selected and incorporated into the gardens.

question: In what kind of area did forest gardening start?, answer: jungle-clad river banks | question: In what other types of areas did forest gardening show up?, answer: foothills of monsoon regions | question: What kind of plant did these early gardeners seek out?, answer: tree and vine species | question: What use did forest gardeners put to tree and vines to?, answer: identified, protected and improved | question: What did these gardeners do about unwanted species?, answer: eliminated
Forests cover 24 percent of Oklahoma and prairie grasslands composed of shortgrass, mixed-grass, and tallgrass prairie, harbor expansive ecosystems in the state's central and western portions, although cropland has largely replaced native grasses. Where rainfall is sparse in the western regions of the state, shortgrass prairie and shrublands are the most prominent ecosystems, though pinyon pines, red cedar (junipers), and ponderosa pines grow near rivers and creek beds in the far western reaches of the panhandle. Southwestern Oklahoma contains many rare, disjunct species including sugar maple, bigtooth maple, nolina and southern live oak.

question: How much of Oklahoma is covered in forests?, answer: 24 percent | question: What types of prairie grasslands does Oklahoma have?, answer: shortgrass, mixed-grass, and tallgrass prairie | question: What part of Oklahoma has low rainfall?, answer: western | question: What types of trees grow near rivers in western Oklahoma?, answer: pinyon pines, red cedar (junipers), and ponderosa pines | question: What rare types of maples grow in southwest Oklahoma?, answer: sugar maple, bigtooth maple
Formal discipline is administered by congregation elders. When a baptized member is accused of committing a serious sin—usually cases of sexual misconduct or charges of apostasy for disputing Jehovah's Witness doctrines—a judicial committee is formed to determine guilt, provide help and possibly administer discipline. Disfellowshipping, a form of shunning, is the strongest form of discipline, administered to an offender deemed unrepentant. Contact with disfellowshipped individuals is limited to direct family members living in the same home, and with congregation elders who may invite disfellowshipped persons to apply for reinstatement; formal business dealings may continue if contractually or financially obliged. Witnesses are taught that avoiding social and spiritual interaction with disfellowshipped individuals keeps the congregation free from immoral influence and that "losing precious fellowship with loved ones may help [the shunned individual] to come 'to his senses,' see the seriousness of his wrong, and take steps to return to Jehovah." The practice of shunning may also serve to deter other members from dissident behavior. Members who disassociate (formally resign) are described in Watch Tower Society literature as wicked and are also shunned. Expelled individuals may eventually be reinstated to the congregation if deemed repentant by elders in the congregation in which the disfellowshipping was enforced. Reproof is a lesser form of discipline given formally by a judicial committee to a baptized Witness who is considered repentant of serious sin; the reproved person temporarily loses conspicuous privileges of service, but suffers no restriction of social or spiritual fellowship. Marking, a curtailing of social but not spiritual fellowship, is practiced if a baptized member persists in a course of action regarded as a violation of Bible principles but not a serious sin.[note 4]

question: Who administers formal discipline?, answer: congregation elders | question: What is formed when a baptized member is accused of doing something serious enough for Jehovah Witnesses to take notice?, answer: a judicial committee | question: What is the strongest form of discipline the Jehovah Witnesses' judicial committee can render?, answer: Disfellowshipping | question: What do Jehovah Witnesses describe anyone who formally resign from the church as?, answer: wicked | question: What are Jehovah Witnesses taught that avoiding social and spiritual interaction with disfellowshipped individuals does?, answer: keeps the congregation free from immoral influence
Formal education occurs in a structured environment whose explicit purpose is teaching students. Usually, formal education takes place in a school environment with classrooms of multiple students learning together with a trained, certified teacher of the subject. Most school systems are designed around a set of values or ideals that govern all educational choices in that system. Such choices include curriculum, organizational models, design of the physical learning spaces (e.g. classrooms), student-teacher interactions, methods of assessment, class size, educational activities, and more.

question: Where does formal education take place?, answer: school environment | question: What are some of the sets or ideals most school systems follow?, answer: student-teacher interactions, methods of assessment, class size, | question: Who guides the students in a formal environment?, answer: certified teacher
Formal schooling did not start in Hungary until the age of ten. Instead, governesses taught von Neumann, his brothers and his cousins. Max believed that knowledge of languages other than Hungarian was essential, so the children were tutored in English, French, German and Italian. By the age of 8, von Neumann was familiar with differential and integral calculus, but he was particularly interested in history, reading his way through Wilhelm Oncken's Allgemeine Geschichte in Einzeldarstellungen. A copy was contained in a private library Max purchased. One of the rooms in the apartment was converted into a library and reading room, with bookshelves from ceiling to floor.

question: At what age did schooling begin in Hungary?, answer: ten | question: Who taught children before they began school in Hungary?, answer: governesses | question: What languages were Von Neumann and his siblings taught?, answer: English, French, German and Italian | question: At what age was Von Neumann familiar with calculus?, answer: 8
Formally, a "database" refers to a set of related data and the way it is organized. Access to these data is usually provided by a "database management system" (DBMS) consisting of an integrated set of computer software that allows users to interact with one or more databases and provides access to all of the data contained in the database (although restrictions may exist that limit access to particular data). The DBMS provides various functions that allow entry, storage and retrieval of large quantities of information and provides ways to manage how that information is organized.

question: How is data accessed?, answer: by a "database management system" (DBMS) | question: How much data can a DBMS store?, answer: large quantities | question: A DBMS consists of what?, answer: an integrated set of computer software
Formed in 1878, Everton were founding members of The Football League in 1888 and won their first league championship two seasons later. Following four league titles and two FA Cup wins, Everton experienced a lull in the immediate post World War Two period until a revival in the 1960s which saw the club win two league championships and an FA Cup. The mid-1980s represented their most recent period of sustained success, with two League Championship successes, an FA Cup, and the 1985 European Cup Winners' Cup. The club's most recent major trophy was the 1995 FA Cup. The club's supporters are known as Evertonians.

question: When was the Everton club founded?, answer: 1878 | question: In what decade did Everton experience a revival?, answer: 1960s | question: When was Everton's most recent trophy awarded?, answer: 1995 | question: How many league championships did Everton win in the 1960s?, answer: two | question: What nickname is used for Everton's club supporters?, answer: Evertonians
Former Soviet states, as well as countries that used to be satellite states or territories of the Warsaw Pact, have numerous minority Slavic populations, many of whom are originally from the Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR. As of now, Kazakhstan has the largest Slavic minority population with most being Russians (Ukrainians, Belarusians and Poles are present as well but in much smaller numbers).

question: Many Slavic populations that were part of the Warsaw Pact are originally from where?, answer: the Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR | question: What is the largest Slavic minority?, answer: Russians | question: Where is the largest Slavic minority located?, answer: Kazakhstan | question: What other Slavic minorities are in Kazakhstan?, answer: Ukrainians, Belarusians and Poles
Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian. Other critics charge that by disparaging individual decision-making, the religion's leaders cultivate a system of unquestioning obedience in which Witnesses abrogate all responsibility and rights over their personal lives. Critics also accuse the religion's leaders of exercising "intellectual dominance" over Witnesses, controlling information and creating "mental isolation", which former Governing Body member Raymond Franz argued were all elements of mind control.

question: What do former Jehovah's Witnesses members Heath and Gary Botting compare the culture of the religion to?, answer: Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four | question: Who describes the Jehovah's Witnesses' leadership as being totalitarian?, answer: Alan Rogerson | question: How do the leaders of the Jehovah's Witnesses cultivate a system of unquestioning obedience?, answer: disparaging individual decision-making | question: What do critics of the Jehovah's Witnesses accuse the religion's leaders of exercising over members?, answer: "intellectual dominance" | question: What did former Governing Body member Raymond Franz argue the methods employed by the religion were all elements of?, answer: mind control
Formerly, men not wearing military uniform wore knee breeches of an 18th-century design. Women's evening dress included obligatory trains and tiaras or feathers in their hair (or both). The dress code governing formal court uniform and dress has progressively relaxed. After World War I, when Queen Mary wished to follow fashion by raising her skirts a few inches from the ground, she requested a lady-in-waiting to shorten her own skirt first to gauge the king's reaction. King George V was horrified, so the queen kept her hemline unfashionably low. Following their accession in 1936, King George VI and his consort, Queen Elizabeth, allowed the hemline of daytime skirts to rise. Today, there is no official dress code. Most men invited to Buckingham Palace in the daytime choose to wear service uniform or lounge suits; a minority wear morning coats, and in the evening, depending on the formality of the occasion, black tie or white tie.

question: What is the official dress code today at Buckingham Palace?, answer: there is no official dress code | question: Which Queen tried and failed to raise the hemline of her dress after WWI?, answer: Queen Mary | question: Which King was horrified to see the Queen's hemline raised a few inches?, answer: King George V | question: The hemline of daytime skirts were allowed to rise after which year?, answer: 1936 | question: The knee breeches men formerly wore to the palace were of what era's design?, answer: 18th-century design | question: From what century were men's knee breeches worn at Buckingham designed in?, answer: 18th-century design | question: What were women obliged to wear in their hair?, answer: tiaras or feathers | question: Which queen wanted to shorten her skirt's hemline?, answer: Queen Mary | question: Which King was horrified to see the raised hemline on the Queen?, answer: George V | question: What is the dress code today at Buckingham?, answer: there is no official dress code
Forms of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, gombeenism, parochialism patronage, influence peddling, graft, and embezzlement. Corruption may facilitate criminal enterprise such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, though is not restricted to these activities. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is also considered political corruption.

question: Bribery and embezzelment are forms of what?, answer: corruption | question: Drug trafficking and money laundering are considered what?, answer: criminal enterprise | question: Repression of political opponants and police brutality are forms of political what?, answer: corruption | question: One form of corruption involves the hiring of family members, which is called what?, answer: nepotism | question: Another form of corruption, the practice of usury, is called what?, answer: gombeenism | question: Three forms of corruption that can promote criminal activities include drugs, money laundering, and what?, answer: human trafficking | question: The repression of what is also considered political corruption?, answer: political opponents
Fortaleza del Cerro overlooks the bay of Montevideo. An observation post at this location was first built by the Spanish in the late 18th century. In 1802, a beacon replaced the observation post; construction of the fortress began in 1809 and was completed in 1839. It has been involved in many historical developments and has been repeatedly taken over by various sides. In 1907, the old beacon was replaced with a stronger electric one. It has been a National Monument since 1931 and has housed a military museum since 1916. Today it is one of the tourist attractions of Montevideo.

question: What overlooks the bay of Montevideo?, answer: Fortaleza del Cerro | question: What replaced the observation post in 1802?, answer: a beacon | question: When did construction of the fortress begin?, answer: 1809 | question: When did construction of the fortress finish?, answer: 1839