lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The location and terrain of Kathmandu have played a significant role in the development of a stable economy which spans millennia. The city is located in an ancient lake basin, with fertile soil and flat terrain. This geography helped form a society based on agriculture. This, combined with its location between India and China, helped establish Kathmandu as an important trading center over the centuries. Kathmandu's trade is an ancient profession that flourished along an offshoot of the Silk Road which linked India and Tibet. From centuries past, Lhasa Newar merchants of Kathmandu have conducted trade across the Himalaya and contributed to spreading art styles and Buddhism across Central Asia. Other traditional occupations are farming, metal casting, woodcarving, painting, weaving, and pottery.

question: What religion proliferated throughout Central Asia in part due to the efforts of Lhasa Newar merchants?, answer: Buddhism | question: Existing between what two countries contributed to Kathmandu becoming a center of trade?, answer: India and China | question: Other than trade, what was the traditional basis of Kathmandu's economy?, answer: agriculture
The location on the banks of the river Rhine allowed Utrecht to become an important trade centre in the Northern Netherlands. The growing town Utrecht was granted city rights by Henry V in 1122. When the main flow of the Rhine moved south, the old bed, which still flowed through the heart of the town became evermore canalized; and the wharf system was built as an inner city harbour system. On the wharfs storage facilities (werfkelders) were built, on top of which the main street, including houses was constructed. The wharfs and the cellars are accessible from a platform at water level with stairs descending from the street level to form a unique structure.[nb 2] The relations between the bishop, who controlled many lands outside of the city, and the citizens of Utrecht was not always easy. The bishop, for example dammed the Kromme Rijn at Wijk bij Duurstede to protect his estates from flooding. This threatened shipping for the city and led the city of Utrecht to commission a canal to ensure access to the town for shipping trade: the Vaartse Rijn, connecting Utrecht to the Hollandse IJssel at IJsselstein.

question: What did Utrecht's location allow, answer: allowed Utrecht to become an important trade centre in the Northern Netherlands. | question: Who granted Utrecht city rights, answer: Henry V in 1122 | question: What was the relationship with the bishop like for citizens of Utrecht, answer: the bishop, who controlled many lands outside of the city, and the citizens of Utrecht was not always easy | question: What Industry did the bishop hurt, answer: The bishop, for example dammed the Kromme Rijn at Wijk bij Duurstede to protect his estates from flooding
The logical format of an audio CD (officially Compact Disc Digital Audio or CD-DA) is described in a document produced in 1980 by the format's joint creators, Sony and Philips. The document is known colloquially as the Red Book CD-DA after the colour of its cover. The format is a two-channel 16-bit PCM encoding at a 44.1 kHz sampling rate per channel. Four-channel sound was to be an allowable option within the Red Book format, but has never been implemented. Monaural audio has no existing standard on a Red Book CD; thus, mono source material is usually presented as two identical channels in a standard Red Book stereo track (i.e., mirrored mono); an MP3 CD, however, can have audio file formats with mono sound.

question: Where does the Red Book get it's name from?, answer: the colour of its cover | question: What is the formal name for a CD?, answer: Compact Disc Digital Audio | question: Do CDs have a two or four channel format?, answer: two-channel | question: What format has never been implemented on CDs?, answer: Four-channel sound
The long-awaited takeover of Universal Pictures by MCA, Inc. happened in mid-1962 as part of the MCA-Decca Records merger. The company reverted in name to Universal Pictures. As a final gesture before leaving the talent agency business, virtually every MCA client was signed to a Universal contract. In 1964 MCA formed Universal City Studios, Inc., merging the motion pictures and television arms of Universal Pictures Company and Revue Productions (officially renamed as Universal Television in 1966). And so, with MCA in charge, Universal became a full-blown, A-film movie studio, with leading actors and directors under contract; offering slick, commercial films; and a studio tour subsidiary launched in 1964. Television production made up much of the studio's output, with Universal heavily committed, in particular, to deals with NBC (which later merged with Universal to form NBC Universal; see below) providing up to half of all prime time shows for several seasons. An innovation during this period championed by Universal was the made-for-television movie.

question: In what year did MCA take over Universal?, answer: 1962 | question: What company did MCA create in 1964?, answer: Universal City Studios, Inc. | question: What new name was given to Revue Productions in 1966?, answer: Universal Television | question: What was the company formed by the merger of Universal and NBC?, answer: NBC Universal | question: When did Universal inaugurate its studio tour subsidiary?, answer: 1964
The long-standing claim that the present uniform was first worn as mourning for the death of George III is unfounded. "Eton dress" has undergone significant changes since its standardisation in the 19th century. Originally (along with a top-hat and walking-cane), Etonian dress was reserved for formal occasions, but boys wear it today for classes, which are referred to as "divisions", or "divs". As stated above, King's Scholars wear a black gown over the top of their tailcoats, and occasionally a surplice in Chapel. Members of the teaching staff (known as Beaks) are required to wear a form of school dress when teaching.

question: There is false belief that the current uniforms were first worn for what event?, answer: mourning for the death of George III | question: What are Beaks?, answer: Members of the teaching staff | question: When are Beaks required to wear a form of school dress?, answer: when teaching | question: What are classes at Eaton known as today?, answer: "divisions", or "divs"
The loss of eight battleships and 2,403 Americans at Pearl Harbor forced the U.S. to rely on its remaining aircraft carriers, which won a major victory over Japan at Midway just six months into the war, and on its growing submarine fleet. The Navy and Marine Corps followed this up with an island hopping campaign across the central and south Pacific in 1943–45, reaching the outskirts of Japan in the Battle of Okinawa. During 1942 and 1943, the U.S. deployed millions of men and thousands of planes and tanks to the UK, beginning with the strategic bombing of Nazi Germany and occupied Europe and leading up to the Allied invasions of occupied North Africa in November 1942, Sicily and Italy in 1943, France in 1944, and the invasion of Germany in 1945, parallel with the Soviet invasion from the east. That led to the surrender of Nazi Germany in May 1945. In the Pacific, the U.S. experienced much success in naval campaigns during 1944, but bloody battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa in 1945 led the U.S. to look for a way to end the war with minimal loss of American lives. The U.S. used atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to destroy the Japanese war effort and to shock the Japanese leadership, which quickly caused the surrender of Japan.

question: How many battleships did the US Navy lose at Pearl Harbor?, answer: eight | question: How many Americans were killed during the Pearl Harbor attack?, answer: 2,403 | question: What term describes the overall US strategy in the Pacific in WWII?, answer: island hopping | question: When did the Allies invade North Africa?, answer: 1942 | question: Which two Japanese cities were hit with atomic bombs?, answer: Hiroshima and Nagasaki
The loss of industrial and working-class jobs in the city has resulted in high rates of poverty and associated problems. From 2000 to 2009, the city's estimated median household income fell from $29,526 to $26,098. As of 2010[update] the mean income of Detroit is below the overall U.S. average by several thousand dollars. Of every three Detroit residents, one lives in poverty. Luke Bergmann, author of Getting Ghost: Two Young Lives and the Struggle for the Soul of an American City, said in 2010, "Detroit is now one of the poorest big cities in the country."

question: What was the median household income in 2009?, answer: $26,098 | question: What was the median household income in 2000?, answer: $29,526 | question: How many residents of Detroit in three live in poverty?, answer: one | question: Who said that Detroit is one of the poorest big cities in the country?, answer: Luke Bergmann
The loss of such a large portion of British America, at the time Britain's most populous overseas possession, is seen by some historians as the event defining the transition between the "first" and "second" empires, in which Britain shifted its attention away from the Americas to Asia, the Pacific and later Africa. Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, had argued that colonies were redundant, and that free trade should replace the old mercantilist policies that had characterised the first period of colonial expansion, dating back to the protectionism of Spain and Portugal. The growth of trade between the newly independent United States and Britain after 1783 seemed to confirm Smith's view that political control was not necessary for economic success.

question: What book by Adam Smith was published in 1776?, answer: Wealth of Nations | question: The growth of trade between the US and Britain after 1783 seemed to confirm whose views?, answer: Smith | question: In the 'second' British Empire period, Britain refocused on which areas?, answer: Asia, the Pacific and later Africa | question: What had been Britain's most populous overseas possession?, answer: British America | question: Who argued that colonies were redundant?, answer: Adam Smith
The low mechanical complexity of hydraulic elevators in comparison to traction elevators makes them ideal for low rise, low traffic installations. They are less energy efficient as the pump works against gravity to push the car and its passengers upwards; this energy is lost when the car descends on its own weight. The high current draw of the pump when starting up also places higher demands on a building’s electrical system. There are also environmental concerns should the lifting cylinder leak fluid into the ground.

question: What type of installations are hydraulic elevators best suited for?, answer: low rise, low traffic installations | question: Why do hydraulic elevators use more energy?, answer: the pump works against gravity to push the car and its passengers upwards; this energy is lost when the car descends on its own weight | question: What else contributes to a higher demand from the electrical system?, answer: The high current draw of the pump when starting up | question: What concerns arise when the lifting cylinder leaks fluid into the ground?, answer: environmental concerns
The lower (Triassic) boundary is set by the Permian–Triassic extinction event, during which approximately 90% to 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct. It is also known as the "Great Dying" because it is considered the largest mass extinction in the Earth's history. The upper (Cretaceous) boundary is set at the Cretaceous–Tertiary (KT) extinction event (now more accurately called the Cretaceous–Paleogene (or K–Pg) extinction event), which may have been caused by the impactor that created Chicxulub Crater on the Yucatán Peninsula. Towards the Late Cretaceous large volcanic eruptions are also believed to have contributed to the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Approximately 50% of all genera became extinct, including all of the non-avian dinosaurs.

question: What event sets the boundary for the Triassic?, answer: Permian–Triassic extinction | question: How many terrestrial species died during the extinction?, answer: 70% | question: What is the largest extinction of species in Earth's history known as?, answer: Great Dying | question: What percentage of marine life died during the extinction?, answer: 90% to 96% | question: What is the possible cause of the upper Cretaceous extinction event ?, answer: K–Pg) extinction
The lower regions and larger towns of the Alps are well-served by motorways and main roads, but higher mountain passes and byroads, which are amongst the highest in Europe, can be treacherous even in summer due to steep slopes. Many passes are closed in winter. A multitude of airports around the Alps (and some within), as well as long-distance rail links from all neighbouring countries, afford large numbers of travellers easy access from abroad.

question: When are many passes in the Alps closed?, answer: winter | question: The lower regions and larger towns of the Alps are well-served by what?, answer: motorways | question: What can be treacherous even in summer due to steep slopes?, answer: mountain passes
The lowest pressure that can be attained in a system is also dependent on many things other than the nature of the pumps. Multiple pumps may be connected in series, called stages, to achieve higher vacuums. The choice of seals, chamber geometry, materials, and pump-down procedures will all have an impact. Collectively, these are called vacuum technique. And sometimes, the final pressure is not the only relevant characteristic. Pumping systems differ in oil contamination, vibration, preferential pumping of certain gases, pump-down speeds, intermittent duty cycle, reliability, or tolerance to high leakage rates.

question: When multiple pumps are connected in series to produce higher vacuum it is called what?, answer: stages | question: The choice of seals, or chamber geometry ,for example impact a pump. Together these are options are called what?, answer: vacuum technique | question: What are two other relevant characteristics of a pumping system along with final pressure?, answer: oil contamination, vibration
The luxurious and ornate representative texts of Serbo-Croatian Church Slavonic belong to the later era, when they coexisted with the Serbo-Croatian vernacular literature. The most notable are the "Missal of Duke Novak" from the Lika region in northwestern Croatia (1368), "Evangel from Reims" (1395, named after the town of its final destination), Hrvoje's Missal from Bosnia and Split in Dalmatia (1404), and the first printed book in Serbo-Croatian, the Glagolitic Missale Romanum Glagolitice (1483).

question: What was the first book published in Serbo-Croatian?, answer: Glagolitic Missale Romanum Glagolitice (1483) | question: For what was "Evangel from Reims" named?, answer: the town of its final destination | question: In what year was the first book printed in Serbo-Croatian?, answer: (1483)
The lyrics of the modern Japanese national anthem, Kimi ga Yo, were written in the Heian period, as was The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu, one of the first novels ever written. Murasaki Shikibu's contemporary and rival Sei Shōnagon's revealing observations and musings as an attendant in the Empress' court were recorded collectively as The Pillow Book in the 990s, which revealed the quotidian capital lifestyle. The Heian period produced a flowering of poetry including works of Ariwara no Narihira, Ono no Komachi, Izumi Shikibu, Murasaki Shikibu, Saigyō and Fujiwara no Teika. The famous Japanese poem known as the Iroha (いろは), of uncertain authorship, was also written during the Heian period.

question: What is the name of the Japanese national anthem?, answer: Kimi ga Yo | question: What famous poem with an unknown author was written during the Heian period?, answer: Iroha | question: The Pillow Book was a collection of whose observations of the imperial court?, answer: Sei Shōnagon
The machine was about a century ahead of its time. All the parts for his machine had to be made by hand — this was a major problem for a device with thousands of parts. Eventually, the project was dissolved with the decision of the British Government to cease funding. Babbage's failure to complete the analytical engine can be chiefly attributed to difficulties not only of politics and financing, but also to his desire to develop an increasingly sophisticated computer and to move ahead faster than anyone else could follow. Nevertheless, his son, Henry Babbage, completed a simplified version of the analytical engine's computing unit (the mill) in 1888. He gave a successful demonstration of its use in computing tables in 1906.

question: Who was Charles Babbage's son?, answer: Henry Babbage | question: Who created a simple version of the analytical engine's computing unit?, answer: Henry Babbage | question: When was the mill created by Henry Babbage?, answer: 1888 | question: When was a demonstration by Henry Babbage of the mill given?, answer: 1906
The macronutrients are carbohydrates, fats, protein, and water. The macronutrients (excluding fiber and water) provide structural material (amino acids from which proteins are built, and lipids from which cell membranes and some signaling molecules are built) and energy. Some of the structural material can be used to generate energy internally, and in either case it is measured in Joules or kilocalories (often called "Calories" and written with a capital C to distinguish them from little 'c' calories). Carbohydrates and proteins provide 17 kJ approximately (4 kcal) of energy per gram, while fats provide 37 kJ (9 kcal) per gram, though the net energy from either depends on such factors as absorption and digestive effort, which vary substantially from instance to instance. Vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water do not provide energy, but are required for other reasons.

question: Which category is represented by carbohydrates and fats among other nutrients?, answer: macronutrients | question: What other significant aspect do macronutrients provide other than energy?, answer: structural material | question: What unit other than calories is used to measure the energy generated by nutrients?, answer: Joules | question: Which nutrient generally provides around 37 kJ per gram?, answer: fats | question: Although vitamins are important for many reasons, which role do they not play in the human body?, answer: provide energy
The main active ingredient of beer is alcohol, and therefore, the health effects of alcohol apply to beer. Consumption of small quantities of alcohol (less than one drink in women and two in men) is associated with a decreased risk of cardiac disease, stroke and diabetes mellitus. The long term health effects of continuous, moderate or heavy alcohol consumption include the risk of developing alcoholism and alcoholic liver disease. A total of 3.3 million deaths (5.9% of all deaths) are believed to be due to alcohol. Alcoholism often reduces a person's life expectancy by around ten years. Alcohol use is the third leading cause of early death in the United States.

question: What is beers primary active ingredient?, answer: alcohol | question: What disease can be caused by heavy alcohol consumption?, answer: alcoholic liver disease | question: How many years are removed from an alcoholic's life expectancy?, answer: around ten | question: What is the third leading cause of premature dying in the US?, answer: Alcohol | question: How many deaths are believed to have been caused by alcohol?, answer: 3.3 million
The main campus in Provo, Utah, United States sits on approximately 560 acres (2.3 km2) nestled at the base of the Wasatch Mountains and includes 295 buildings. The buildings feature a wide variety of architectural styles, each building being built in the style of its time. The grass, trees, and flower beds on BYU's campus are impeccably maintained. Furthermore, views of the Wasatch Mountains, (including Mount Timpanogos) can be seen from the campus. BYU's Harold B. Lee Library (also known as "HBLL"), which The Princeton Review ranked as the No. 1 "Great College Library" in 2004, has approximately 8½ million items in its collections, contains 98 miles (158 km) of shelving, and can seat 4,600 people. The Spencer W. Kimball Tower, shortened to SWKT and pronounced Swicket by many students, is home to several of the university's departments and programs and is the tallest building in Provo, Utah. Furthermore, BYU's Marriott Center, used as a basketball arena, can seat over 22,000 and is one of the largest on-campus arenas in the nation. Interestingly absent on the campus of this church owned university is a campus chapel. Notwithstanding, each Sunday LDS Church services for students are conducted on campus, but due to the large number of students attending these services, nearly all of the buildings and possible meeting spaces on campus are utilized (in addition, many students attend services off campus in LDS chapels in the surrounding communities).

question: How many buildings are on BYU's main campus?, answer: 295 | question: How many acres are included in BYU's main campus?, answer: approximately 560 | question: Where is BYU's main campus located?, answer: Provo, Utah | question: How many miles of shelving are in BYU's Harold B. Lee Library?, answer: 98 | question: Which BYU building is the tallest in Provost, Utah?, answer: Spencer W. Kimball Tower
The main cause of TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a small, aerobic, nonmotile bacillus. The high lipid content of this pathogen accounts for many of its unique clinical characteristics. It divides every 16 to 20 hours, which is an extremely slow rate compared with other bacteria, which usually divide in less than an hour. Mycobacteria have an outer membrane lipid bilayer. If a Gram stain is performed, MTB either stains very weakly "Gram-positive" or does not retain dye as a result of the high lipid and mycolic acid content of its cell wall. MTB can withstand weak disinfectants and survive in a dry state for weeks. In nature, the bacterium can grow only within the cells of a host organism, but M. tuberculosis can be cultured in the laboratory.

question: The uniqueness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is due to its high level of what type of molecule?, answer: lipid | question: Is the division rate of the TB bacterium fast or slow relative to other bacteria?, answer: slow | question: In nature, what "helper" does the MTB bacterium require to grow?, answer: a host organism | question: How long is the period between division of MTB cells?, answer: 16 to 20 hours | question: How much time does it take most bacteria to divide?, answer: less than an hour
The main centre for technical training in Swaziland is the Swaziland College of Technology which is slated to become a full university. It aims to provide and facilitating high quality training and learning in technology and business studies in collaboration with the Commercial, Industrial and Public Sectors. Other technical and vocational institutions are the Gwamile Vocational and Commercial Training Institute located in Matsapha and the Manzini Industrial and Training Centre (MITC) in Manzini. Other vocational institutions include Nhlangano Agricultural Skills Training Center and Siteki Industrial Training Centre.

question: Which school is the main location for technical education in Swaziland?, answer: Swaziland College of Technology | question: What types of education does the Swaziland College of Technology offer?, answer: technology and business studies | question: What is the location of the Gwamile Vocational and Commercial Training Institute?, answer: Matsapha | question: There is an educational facility in Manzini within Swaziland known by the acronym MITC, what does it stand for?, answer: Manzini Industrial and Training Centre