lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
A large number of Bell's writings, personal correspondence, notebooks, papers and other documents reside at both the United States Library of Congress Manuscript Division (as the Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers), and at the Alexander Graham Bell Institute, Cape Breton University, Nova Scotia; major portions of which are available for online viewing.

question: What are Bell's personal papers known as?, answer: Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers | question: In what part of the Library of Congress are Bell's papers kept?, answer: Manuscript Division | question: Apart from in person, how can one look at many of Bell's papers?, answer: online | question: In what university is the Alexander Graham Bell Institute?, answer: Cape Breton University | question: In what province is the Alexander Graham Bell Institute located?, answer: Nova Scotia
A large number of international institutions have their seats in Switzerland, in part because of its policy of neutrality. Geneva is the birthplace of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and the Geneva Conventions and, since 2006, hosts the United Nations Human Rights Council. Even though Switzerland is one of the most recent countries to have joined the United Nations, the Palace of Nations in Geneva is the second biggest centre for the United Nations after New York, and Switzerland was a founding member and home to the League of Nations.

question: How long has Switzerland hosted the United Nations Human Rights Council?, answer: since 2006 | question: What is the second biggest centre for the U.N.?, answer: Palace of Nations in Geneva | question: Where did the Red Crescent Movement begin?, answer: Geneva | question: Where is the League of Nations located?, answer: Switzerland
A large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training in university departments named for the Near East. Similarly the journals associated with these fields of expertise include the words Near East or Near Eastern. The meaning of Near East in these numerous establishments and publications is Middle East. Expertise on the modern Middle East is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East, although often "Ancient Near East" is abbreviated to "Near East" without any implication of modern times. For example, "Near Eastern Languages" in the ancient sense includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian. In the modern sense, it is likely to mean any or all of the Arabic languages.

question: Where did a large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training?, answer: university departments named for the Near East | question: What is the meaning of Near East in numerous establishments and publications?, answer: Middle East | question: What is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East?, answer: Expertise on the modern Middle East | question: What includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian?, answer: Near Eastern Languages
A large portion of music played on this format are either considered oldies or recurrent. It often deals with modern romantic and sexual relationships (and sometimes other adult themes such as work, raising children, and family) in a thoughtful and complex way. Soft AC, which has never minded keeping songs in high rotation literally for years in some cases, does not appear necessarily to be facing similar pressures to expand its format. Soft AC includes a larger amount of older music, especially classic R&B, soul, and 1960s and 1970s music, than hot AC.

question: Along with romantic and sexual relationships, family and work, what do soft adult contemporary songs sometimes discuss?, answer: raising children | question: Music from what two decades is notably featured on the soft AC format?, answer: 1960s and 1970s | question: Along with classic R&B, what genre is notably featured on soft AC stations?, answer: soul | question: What radio station format is soft AC often contrasted with?, answer: hot AC
A later literary standard, dating from the later 10th century, arose under the influence of Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester, and was followed by such writers as the prolific Ælfric of Eynsham ("the Grammarian"). This form of the language is known as the "Winchester standard", or more commonly as Late West Saxon. It is considered to represent the "classical" form of Old English. It retained its position of prestige until the time of the Norman Conquest, after which English ceased for a time to be of importance as a literary language.

question: Who was known by the nickname "the Grammarian"?, answer: Ælfric of Eynsham | question: What churchman was influential in the development of the Winchester standard?, answer: Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester | question: In what century did the Winchester standard arise?, answer: 10th | question: What is another term for the Winchester standard?, answer: Late West Saxon | question: What event led to English temporarily losing its importance as a literary language?, answer: the Norman Conquest
A liberal foreign investment law was approved in June 1994, and a law on privatisation was adopted in 1997, as well as a program of state property privatisation. Continued progress will depend on the ability of the government to strengthen its macroeconomic management, including increasing revenue collection, improving the investment climate, and making strides against corruption. However, unemployment, which currently stands at around 15%, still remains a major problem due to the influx of thousands of refugees from the Karabakh conflict.

question: What is the unemployment rate in Armenia?, answer: 15% | question: To what does Armenia attribute it's high unemployment rate?, answer: refugees from the Karabakh conflict | question: When did Armenia establish a foreign investment law?, answer: June 1994 | question: When did Armenia establish a law on privatisation?, answer: 1997
A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to use a traditional linear narrative or a nonlinear narrative, or the choice of literary genre, are all examples of literary technique. They may indicate to a reader that there is a familiar structure and presentation to a work, such as a conventional murder-mystery novel; or, the author may choose to experiment with their technique to surprise the reader.

question: Literary devices are employed for what reason?, answer: produce specific effects | question: What is one form of narration in literature?, answer: first-person | question: What are two types of narrative structure in literature?, answer: linear narrative or a nonlinear narrative | question: Why would an author utilize experimental narratives in literature?, answer: to surprise the reader | question: In what type of writing would a more familiar, standard literary narrative structure be employed?, answer: a conventional murder-mystery novel
A literature compendium for a large variety of audio coding systems was published in the IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (JSAC), February 1988. While there were some papers from before that time, this collection documented an entire variety of finished, working audio coders, nearly all of them using perceptual (i.e. masking) techniques and some kind of frequency analysis and back-end noiseless coding. Several of these papers remarked on the difficulty of obtaining good, clean digital audio for research purposes. Most, if not all, of the authors in the JSAC edition were also active in the MPEG-1 Audio committee.

question: What was published in the IEEE Journal in 1988?, answer: literature compendium | question: What did the literature compendium document?, answer: finished, working audio coders | question: Where were most of the authors in the JSAC edition?, answer: MPEG-1 Audio committee
A loblolly pine, known as the "Eisenhower Pine", was located on Augusta's 17th hole, approximately 210 yards (192 m) from the Masters tee. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, an Augusta National member, hit the tree so many times that, at a 1956 club meeting, he proposed that it be cut down. Not wanting to offend the president, the club's chairman, Clifford Roberts, immediately adjourned the meeting rather than reject the request. The tree was removed in February 2014 after an ice storm caused it significant damage.

question: At what Augusta hole was the Eisenhower Pine located?, answer: 17th | question: How many meters away from the Masters tee on Augusta's 17th was the Eisenhower Pine?, answer: 192 | question: What did Eisenhower want to be done to the Eisenhower Pine?, answer: cut down | question: What damaged the Eisenhower Pine in February 2014?, answer: ice storm | question: In what year did Eisenhower propose that the pine tree named after him be removed?, answer: 1956
A local industry manufacturing fibre from New Zealand flax was successfully reestablished in 1907 and generated considerable income during the First World War. Ascension Island was made a dependency of Saint Helena in 1922, and Tristan da Cunha followed in 1938. During the Second World War, the United States built Wideawake airport on Ascension in 1942, but no military use was made of Saint Helena.

question: What country does the local industry that manufactures fibre get their flax from?, answer: New Zealand | question: What island was made a dependency of Saint Helena in 1922?, answer: Ascension Island | question: What was the name of the airport the United States built on Ascension Island?, answer: Wideawake airport | question: What year was Wideawake Airport built?, answer: 1942
A local pioneer of folk song collection in the first half of the 19th century was Shakespearean scholar James Orchard Halliwell, but it was not until the second folk revival in the 20th century that the full range of song from the county, including industrial folk song, began to gain attention. The county produced one of the major figures of the revival in Ewan MacColl, but also a local champion in Harry Boardman, who from 1965 onwards probably did more than anyone to popularise and record the folk song of the county. Perhaps the most influential folk artists to emerge from the region in the late 20th century were Liverpool folk group The Spinners, and from Manchester folk troubadour Roy Harper and musician, comedian and broadcaster Mike Harding. The region is home to numerous folk clubs, many of them catering to Irish and Scottish folk music. Regular folk festivals include the Fylde Folk Festival at Fleetwood.

question: Who was a local pioneer of folk song collection?, answer: James Orchard Halliwell | question: Who did the most to popularize folk songs of the county?, answer: Harry Boardman | question: Who were the most influential fold artists from the region in the 20th century?, answer: The Spinners | question: Who do the many folk clubs today cater to?, answer: Irish and Scottish folk music | question: What is one of the regular folk festivals called?, answer: Fylde Folk Festival
A lone naked human is at a physical disadvantage to other comparable apex predators in areas such as speed, bone density, weight, and physical strength. Humans also lack innate weaponry such as claws. Without crafted weapons, society, or cleverness, a lone human can easily be defeated by fit predatory animals, such as wild dogs, big cats and bears (see Man-eater). However, humans are not solitary creatures; they are social animals with highly developed social behaviors. Early humans, such as Homo erectus, have been using stone tools and weapons for well over a million years. Anatomically modern humans have been apex predators since they first evolved, and many species of carnivorous megafauna actively avoid interacting with humans; the primary environmental competitor for a human is other humans. The one subspecies of carnivorous megafauna that does interact frequently with humans in predatory roles is the domestic dog, but usually as a partner in predation especially if they hunt together. Cannibalism has occurred in various places, among various cultures, and for various reasons. At least a few people, such as the Donner party, are said to have resorted to it in desperation.

question: What physical disadvantages do humans have against other apex predators?, answer: speed, bone density, weight, and physical strength | question: For how long have humans been using stone tools and weapons?, answer: well over a million years | question: What are humans' primary competitors?, answer: other humans | question: What is one known istance of cannibalism?, answer: the Donner party | question: With what species do humans hunt in partnership?, answer: domestic dog
A long list of AM and FM radio stations broadcast to greater Melbourne. These include "public" (i.e., state-owned ABC and SBS) and community stations. Many commercial stations are networked-owned: DMG has Nova 100 and Smooth; ARN controls Gold 104.3 and KIIS 101.1; and Southern Cross Austereo runs both Fox and Triple M. Stations from towns in regional Victoria may also be heard (e.g. 93.9 Bay FM, Geelong). Youth alternatives include ABC Triple J and youth run SYN. Triple J, and similarly PBS and Triple R, strive to play under represented music. JOY 94.9 caters for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender audiences. For fans of classical music there are 3MBS and ABC Classic FM. Light FM is a contemporary Christian station. AM stations include ABC: 774, Radio National, and News Radio; also Fairfax affiliates 3AW (talk) and Magic (easy listening). For sport fans and enthusiasts there is SEN 1116. Melbourne has many community run stations that serve alternative interests, such as 3CR and 3KND (Indigenous). Many suburbs have low powered community run stations serving local audiences.

question: What are examples of Youth radio stations?, answer: ABC Triple J and youth run SYN | question: Which music stations strive to play under represented music?, answer: Triple J, and similarly PBS and Triple R | question: Which radio station caters for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender audiences?, answer: JOY 94.9 | question: Which station caters to sports fans and enthusiasts?, answer: SEN 1116 | question: 3MBS and ABC Classic FM play what type of music?, answer: classical
A long period of political instability has resulted in depressed economic activity, deteriorating social conditions, and increased macroeconomic imbalances. It takes longer on average to register a new business in Guinea-Bissau (233 days or about 33 weeks) than in any other country in the world except Suriname. [The Economist, Pocket World in Figures, 2008 Edition, London: Profile Books]

question: Political instability has resulted in what type of economic activity?, answer: depressed | question: Political instability has resulted in what description of social conditions?, answer: deteriorating | question: What type of imbalances have increased as a result of the instability?, answer: macroeconomic | question: How long does it take to register a business in Guinea-Bissau?, answer: 233 days or about 33 weeks | question: What is the one country that takes longer than Guinea-Bissau to register a business?, answer: Suriname
A look at one minority leadership strategy—partisan opposition—may suggest why it might be employed in specific circumstances. The purposes of obstruction are several, such as frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness of the majority party. "We know how to delay," remarked Minority Leader Gephardt Dilatory motions to adjourn, appeals of the presiding officer's ruling, or numerous requests for roll call votes are standard time-consuming parliamentary tactics. By stalling action on the majority party's agenda, the minority leader may be able to launch a campaign against a "do-nothing Congress" and convince enough voters to put his party back in charge of the House. To be sure, the minority leader recognizes that "going negative" carries risks and may not be a winning strategy if his party fails to offer policy alternatives that appeal to broad segments of the general public.

question: What is the purpose of Obstruction?, answer: frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness | question: How can obstruction be employed?, answer: motions to adjourn, appeals of the presiding officer's ruling, or numerous requests for roll call votes | question: Is it safe to employ negative strategy?, answer: "going negative" carries risks | question: What may be a risk negative tactic?, answer: if his party fails to offer policy alternatives that appeal to broad segments of the general public
A lot of temples dedicated to Apollo were built in Greece and in the Greek colonies, and they show the spread of the cult of Apollo, and the evolution of the Greek architecture, which was mostly based on the rightness of form, and on mathematical relations. Some of the earliest temples, especially in Crete, don't belong to any Greek order. It seems that the first peripteral temples were rectangle wooden structures. The different wooden elements were considered divine, and their forms were preserved in the marble or stone elements of the temples of Doric order. The Greeks used standard types, because they believed that the world of objects was a series of typical forms which could be represented in several instances. The temples should be canonic, and the architects were trying to achieve the esthetic perfection. From the earliest times there were certain rules strictly observed in rectangular peripteral and prostyle buildings. The first buildings were narrow to hold the roof, and when the dimensions changed, some mathematical relations became necessary, in order to keep the original forms. This probably influenced the theory of numbers of Pythagoras, who believed that behind the appearance of things, there was the permanent principle of mathematics.

question: What buildings were originally rectangle wood structures?, answer: peripteral temples | question: Why did mathematical relations become necessary?, answer: in order to keep the original forms | question: Why were the first buildings narrow?, answer: to hold the roof | question: Who believed that behind the appearance of things, there was a permanent principle of mathematics?, answer: Pythagoras
A maakond (county) is the biggest administrative subdivision. The county government (Maavalitsus) of each county is led by a county governor (Maavanem), who represents the national government at the regional level. Governors are appointed by the Government of Estonia for a term of five years. Several changes were made to the borders of counties after Estonia became independent, most notably the formation of Valga County (from parts of Võru, Tartu and Viljandi counties) and Petseri County (area acquired from Russia with the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty).

question: What is the largest administrative subdivision in Estonia?, answer: A maakond | question: What is the county government in Estonia called?, answer: Maavalitsus | question: A Maavanem holds what position in Estonia?, answer: county governor | question: Who represents the national government on a local level?, answer: Maavanem
A mailbox provider is an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes. It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email for end users or other organizations.

question: What is a mailbox provider?, answer: an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes | question: What is an organization that provides hosting of electronic mail domains?, answer: A mailbox provider | question: what is the purpose of a mailbox provider?, answer: It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email | question: how does a user store electronic mail?, answer: A mailbox provider
A major battleground, Burma was devastated during World War II. By March 1942, within months after they entered the war, Japanese troops had advanced on Rangoon and the British administration had collapsed. A Burmese Executive Administration headed by Ba Maw was established by the Japanese in August 1942. Wingate's British Chindits were formed into long-range penetration groups trained to operate deep behind Japanese lines. A similar American unit, Merrill's Marauders, followed the Chindits into the Burmese jungle in 1943. Beginning in late 1944, allied troops launched a series of offensives that led to the end of Japanese rule in July 1945. The battles were intense with much of Burma laid waste by the fighting. Overall, the Japanese lost some 150,000 men in Burma. Only 1,700 prisoners were taken.

question: Was Burma effected by the world wars?, answer: Burma was devastated during World War II | question: Did the British protect Burma as its colony during WWII?, answer: the British administration had collapsed | question: Where groups from Burma an advantage to the Allies during WWII?, answer: British Chindits were formed into long-range penetration groups trained to operate deep behind Japanese lines. A similar American unit, Merrill's Marauders | question: How many soldiers were lost by the Japanese in Burma during WWII ?, answer: the Japanese lost some 150,000 men in Burma | question: When did the temporary Japanese rule end in Burma?, answer: the end of Japanese rule in July 1945
A major concern of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) and of the philosophy of Spirit that he lays out in his Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences (1817–1830) is the interrelation between individual humans, which he conceives in terms of "mutual recognition." However, what Climacus means by the aforementioned statement, is that Hegel, in the Philosophy of Right, believed the best solution was to surrender one's individuality to the customs of the State, identifying right and wrong in view of the prevailing bourgeois morality. Individual human will ought, at the State's highest level of development, to properly coincide with the will of the State. Climacus rejects Hegel's suppression of individuality by pointing out it is impossible to create a valid set of rules or system in any society which can adequately describe existence for any one individual. Submitting one's will to the State denies personal freedom, choice, and responsibility.

question: Who wrote Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences?, answer: Hegel | question: When was Phenomenology of Spirit published?, answer: 1807 | question: What trait did Climacus believe that Hegel suppressed?, answer: individuality | question: Whose will did Hegel believe should prevail over that of the individual?, answer: State | question: What conception of right and wrong did Climacus believe Hegel endorsed?, answer: bourgeois