lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Hiberni (Ireland), Pictish (northern Britain) and Britons (southern Britain) tribes, all speaking Insular Celtic, inhabited the islands at the beginning of the 1st millennium AD. Much of Brittonic-controlled Britain was conquered by the Roman Empire from AD 43. The first Anglo-Saxons arrived as Roman power waned in the 5th century and eventually dominated the bulk of what is now England. Viking invasions began in the 9th century, followed by more permanent settlements and political change—particularly in England. The subsequent Norman conquest of England in 1066 and the later Angevin partial conquest of Ireland from 1169 led to the imposition of a new Norman ruling elite across much of Britain and parts of Ireland. By the Late Middle Ages, Great Britain was separated into the Kingdoms of England and Scotland, while control in Ireland fluxed between Gaelic kingdoms, Hiberno-Norman lords and the English-dominated Lordship of Ireland, soon restricted only to The Pale. The 1603 Union of the Crowns, Acts of Union 1707 and Acts of Union 1800 attempted to consolidate Britain and Ireland into a single political unit, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands remaining as Crown Dependencies. The expansion of the British Empire and migrations following the Irish Famine and Highland Clearances resulted in the distribution of the islands' population and culture throughout the world and a rapid de-population of Ireland in the second half of the 19th century. Most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom after the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty (1919–1922), with six counties remaining in the UK as Northern Ireland.

question: Which is one of the tribes that spoke Insular Celtic?, answer: Pictish (northern Britain) | question: When did the Pictish tribe start to inhabit the islands?, answer: beginning of the 1st millennium AD | question: Who foreign group conquered Britain around AD 43?, answer: Roman Empire | question: When did the Vikings invade Britain?, answer: 9th century | question: What are the six counties in Ireland called that are still part of the United Kingdom?, answer: Northern Ireland
Hidalgo is hailed as the Father of the Nation even though it was Agustin de Iturbide and not Hidalgo who achieved Mexican Independence in 1821. Shortly after gaining independence, the day to celebrate it varied between September 16, the day of Hidalgo's Grito, and September 27, the day Iturbide rode into Mexico City to end the war. Later, political movements would favor the more liberal Hidalgo over the conservative Iturbide, so that eventually September 16, 1810 became the officially recognized day of Mexican independence. The reason for this is that Hidalgo is considered to be "precursor and creator of the rest of the heroes of the (Mexican War of) Independence." Hidalgo has become an icon for Mexicans who resist tyranny in the country. Diego Rivera painted Hidalgo's image in half a dozen murals. José Clemente Orozco depicted him with a flaming torch of liberty and considered the painting among his best work. David Alfaro Siqueiros was commissioned by San Nicolas University in Morelia to paint a mural for a celebration commemorating the 200th anniversary of Hidalgo's birth. The town of his parish was renamed Dolores Hidalgo in his honor and the state of Hidalgo was created in 1869. Every year on the night of 15–16 September, the president of Mexico re-enacts the Grito from the balcony of the National Palace. This scene is repeated by the heads of cities and towns all over Mexico. The remains of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla lie in the column of the Angel of Independence in Mexico City. Next to it is a lamp lit to represent the sacrifice of those who gave their lives for Mexican Independence.

question: Who was hailed as the Father of the Nation?, answer: Hidalgo | question: Who actually achieved independence for the nation?, answer: Agustin de Iturbide | question: Which day eventually became the official day of Mexican Independence?, answer: September 16, 1810 | question: Who painted Hidalgo's image on half a dozen murals?, answer: Diego Rivera | question: In which city do Hidalgo's remains lie?, answer: Mexico City.
Hidalgo was turned over to the Bishop of Durango, Francisco Gabriel de Olivares, for an official defrocking and excommunication on July 27, 1811. He was then found guilty of treason by a military court and executed by firing squad on July 30 at 7 in the morning. Before his execution, he thanked his jailers, Private Soldiers Ortega and Melchor, in letters for their humane treatment. At his execution, Hidalgo placed his right hand over his heart to show the riflemen where they should aim. He also refused the use of a blindfold. His body, along with the bodies of Allende, Aldama and José Mariano Jiménez were decapitated, and the heads were put on display on the four corners of the Alhóndiga de Granaditas in Guanajuato. The heads remained there for ten years until the end of the Mexican War of Independence to serve as a warning to other insurgents. Hidalgo's headless body was first displayed outside the prison but then buried in the Church of St Francis in Chihuahua. Those remains would later be transferred in 1824 to Mexico City.

question: Hidalgo was turned over by whom?, answer: Bishop of Durango, Francisco Gabriel de Olivares | question: In which year was Hidalgo turned over?, answer: 1811 | question: How was Hidalgo executed after having been found guilty?, answer: firing squad | question: Hidalgo refused the use of what during his execution?, answer: blindfold | question: In which state was Hidalgo's headless body buried?, answer: Chihuahua
High hopes for the AFL waned when interim commissioner Ed Policy announced his resignation, citing the obsolescence of his position in the reformatted league. Two weeks later, the Los Angeles Avengers announced that they were formally folding the franchise. One month later, the league missed the deadline to formally ratify the new collective bargaining agreement and announced that it was eliminating health insurance for the players. Progress on the return stalled, and no announcements were made regarding the future of the league.

question: What was the job title of Ed Policy?, answer: interim commissioner | question: After Ed Policy resigned, what franchise closed?, answer: Los Angeles Avengers | question: How many weeks after Policy's resignation did the Avengers fold?, answer: Two | question: How long after the shuttering of the Avengers did the league fail to ratify the new collective bargaining agreement?, answer: One month | question: What reason did Policy give for his resignation?, answer: the obsolescence of his position in the reformatted league
High levels of precipitation cause the glaciers to descend to permafrost levels in some areas whereas in other, more arid regions, glaciers remain above about the 3,500 m (11,483 ft) level. The 1,817 square kilometres (702 sq mi) of the Alps covered by glaciers in 1876 had shrunk to 1,342 km2 (518 sq mi) by 1973, resulting in decreased river run-off levels. Forty percent of the glaciation in Austria has disappeared since 1850, and 30% of that in Switzerland.

question: What cause the glaciers to descend to permafrost levels in some areas?, answer: High levels of precipitation | question: From 1876 to 1973, how much did the glaciers that covered the Alps shrink?, answer: to 1,342 km2 (518 sq mi) | question: What resulted from the loss of the area the glaciers over the Alps?, answer: decreased river run-off levels. | question: How much of the glaciation in Austria disappeared?, answer: Forty percent | question: How much of the glaciation disappeared in Switzerland?, answer: 30%
High neoclassicism was an international movement. Though neoclassical architecture employed the same classical vocabulary as Late Baroque architecture, it tended to emphasize its planar qualities, rather than sculptural volumes. Projections and recessions and their effects of light and shade were more flat; sculptural bas-reliefs were flatter and tended to be enframed in friezes, tablets or panels. Its clearly articulated individual features were isolated rather than interpenetrating, autonomous and complete in themselves.

question: What other architecture style did neoclassical share similarities and vocabulary?, answer: Late Baroque architecture | question: What qualities were more emphasized in neoclassical versus Baroque?, answer: planar qualities, rather than sculptural volumes | question: In addition to being flatter, how were individual features handled with neoclasic?, answer: isolated rather than interpenetrating | question: How broad was the reach of high neoclassicism?, answer: international movement
High school football teams frequently participate in controlled scrimmages with other teams during preseason practice, but exhibition games are rare because of league rules and concerns about finances, travel and player injuries, along with enrollments not being registered until the early part of August in most school districts under the traditional September–June academic term. A more common exhibition is the high school football all-star game, which brings together top players from a region. These games are typically played by graduating seniors during the summer or at the end of the season. Many of these games, which include the U.S. Army All-American Bowl and Under Armour All-America Game, are used as showcases for players to be seen by colleges.

question: When is the usual high school academic term?, answer: September–June | question: What is the most common type of high school football exhibition game?, answer: all-star | question: What year of players are in high school football all-star games?, answer: graduating seniors | question: What are two examples of high school football all-star games?, answer: U.S. Army All-American Bowl and Under Armour All-America Game | question: What do high school all-star players hope to be seen by?, answer: colleges
High speed Internet connectivity has become more widely available at a reasonable cost and the cost of video capture and display technology has decreased. Consequently, personal videoconferencing systems based on a webcam, personal computer system, software compression and broadband Internet connectivity have become affordable to the general public. Also, the hardware used for this technology has continued to improve in quality, and prices have dropped dramatically. The availability of freeware (often as part of chat programs) has made software based videoconferencing accessible to many.

question: What technology has become more widely available and affordable?, answer: High speed Internet connectivity | question: What is an example of a personal videoconferencing system tool?, answer: webcam | question: What has made videoconferencing accessible to many?, answer: The availability of freeware | question: Videoconferencing freeware is widely available in what programs?, answer: chat programs
High tech companies have located in the area since the 1930s, when International Radio Corporation introduced the first mass-produced AC/DC radio (the Kadette, in 1931) as well as the first pocket radio (the Kadette Jr., in 1933). The Argus camera company, originally a subsidiary of International Radio, manufactured cameras in Ann Arbor from 1936 to the 1960s. Current firms include Arbor Networks (provider of Internet traffic engineering and security systems), Arbortext (provider of XML-based publishing software), JSTOR (the digital scholarly journal archive), MediaSpan (provider of software and online services for the media industries), Truven Health Analytics, and ProQuest, which includes UMI. Ann Arbor Terminals manufactured a video-display terminal called the Ann Arbor Ambassador during the 1980s. Barracuda Networks, which provides networking, security, and storage products based on network appliances and cloud services, opened an engineering office in Ann Arbor in 2008 on Depot St. and recently announced it will move downtown to occupy the building previously used as the Borders headquarters.

question: Which company manufactured cameras in Ann Arbor from 1936 to 1960's?, answer: Argus camera company | question: Which network company opened up in 2008 providing security, storage & networking?, answer: Barracuda Networks | question: International Radio introduced which mass produced product from the city of Ann Arbor?, answer: AC/DC radio
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land or sea surface and does not show up. However, using the difference in brightness of the IR4 channel (10.3–11.5 µm) and the near-infrared channel (1.58–1.64 µm), low cloud can be distinguished, producing a fog satellite picture. The main advantage of infrared is that images can be produced at night, allowing a continuous sequence of weather to be studied.

question: Along with Cirrus, what types of clouds are cold and high?, answer: Cumulonimbus | question: What color do Cirrus clouds appear in infrared?, answer: white | question: Along with Stratus, what clouds are lower and warmer?, answer: Stratocumulus | question: What color are Strarus clouds in infrared?, answer: grey | question: What is the range of the near-infrared channel in micrometers?, answer: 1.58–1.64
High-altitude clouds on Neptune have been observed casting shadows on the opaque cloud deck below. There are also high-altitude cloud bands that wrap around the planet at constant latitude. These circumferential bands have widths of 50–150 km and lie about 50–110 km above the cloud deck. These altitudes are in the layer where weather occurs, the troposphere. Weather does not occur in the higher stratosphere or thermosphere. Unlike Uranus, Neptune's composition has a higher volume of ocean, whereas Uranus has a smaller mantle.

question: On Neptune, which clouds cast shadows on the cloud deck below it?, answer: High-altitude clouds | question: What are the widths of the cloud bands on Neptune?, answer: 50–150 km | question: Where are the high altitude bands of clouds on Neptune?, answer: 50–110 km above the cloud deck. | question: What does Neptune have more of compared to Uranus?, answer: volume of ocean | question: Where on Neptune does weather not occur?, answer: higher stratosphere or thermosphere
High-definition image sources include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, IPTV (including GoogleTV Roku boxes and AppleTV or built into "Smart Televisions"), Blu-ray video disc (BD), and internet downloads.

question: Roku and AppleTV are examples of what?, answer: IPTV | question: Internet downloads, Blu-ray videos, and Apple TV are examples of what?, answer: High-definition image sources | question: Terrestrial broadcast and direct broadcast satellite are examples of what?, answer: High-definition image sources | question: Digital cable and Roku are examples of what?, answer: High-definition image sources
High-gain antennas have the advantage of longer range and better signal quality, but must be aimed carefully at the other antenna. An example of a high-gain antenna is a parabolic dish such as a satellite television antenna. Low-gain antennas have shorter range, but the orientation of the antenna is relatively unimportant. An example of a low-gain antenna is the whip antenna found on portable radios and cordless phones. Antenna gain should not be confused with amplifier gain, a separate parameter measuring the increase in signal power due to an amplifying device.

question: Antennas with higher gain have what positive feature?, answer: longer range | question: What is a measure of how much efficient is improved by adding a device designed to make something stronger?, answer: amplifier gain | question: Dish network Tv takes example of what type of antenna?, answer: parabolic dish | question: What type of antenna would be best if placement was tricky?, answer: Low-gain
High-power LEDs (HP-LEDs) or high-output LEDs (HO-LEDs) can be driven at currents from hundreds of mA to more than an ampere, compared with the tens of mA for other LEDs. Some can emit over a thousand lumens. LED power densities up to 300 W/cm2 have been achieved. Since overheating is destructive, the HP-LEDs must be mounted on a heat sink to allow for heat dissipation. If the heat from a HP-LED is not removed, the device will fail in seconds. One HP-LED can often replace an incandescent bulb in a flashlight, or be set in an array to form a powerful LED lamp.

question: How many lumens can some high-power LEDs emit?, answer: over a thousand | question: Up to how many densities have been achieved with LED power?, answer: 300 W/cm2 | question: Why must High-power LEDs be mounted on a heat sink?, answer: to allow for heat dissipation | question: What will happen if the heat from a high-power LED is not removed?, answer: the device will fail in seconds | question: What can one high-power LED replace?, answer: incandescent bulb in a flashlight
High-speed USB 2.0 hubs contain devices called transaction translators that convert between high-speed USB 2.0 buses and full and low speed buses. When a high-speed USB 2.0 hub is plugged into a high-speed USB host or hub, it operates in high-speed mode. The USB hub then uses either one transaction translator per hub to create a full/low-speed bus routed to all full and low speed devices on the hub, or uses one transaction translator per port to create an isolated full/low-speed bus per port on the hub.

question: What do transaction translators do?, answer: convert between high-speed USB 2.0 buses and full and low speed buses | question: When does a USB 2.0 hub operate in high speed mode?, answer: When a high-speed USB 2.0 hub is plugged into a high-speed USB host or hub | question: What kind of devices do High speed USB 2.0's contain?, answer: transaction translators
High-voltage AC overhead systems are not only for standard gauge national networks. The meter gauge Rhaetian Railway (RhB) and the neighbouring Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn (MGB) operate on 11 kV at 16.7 Hz frequency. Practice has proven that both Swiss and German 15 kV trains can operate under these lower voltages. The RhB started trials of the 11 kV system in 1913 on the Engadin line (St. Moritz-Scuol/Tarasp). The MGB constituents Furka-Oberalp-Bahn (FO) and Brig-Visp-Zermatt Bahn (BVZ) introduced their electric services in 1941 and 1929 respectively, adopting the already proven RhB system.

question: How did non-standard gauge trains start to operate with high-voltage AC?, answer: adopting the already proven RhB system. | question: When was the first trail of RhB system tested?, answer: 1913
Highbury could hold more than 60,000 spectators at its peak, and had a capacity of 57,000 until the early 1990s. The Taylor Report and Premier League regulations obliged Arsenal to convert Highbury to an all-seater stadium in time for the 1993–94 season, thus reducing the capacity to 38,419 seated spectators. This capacity had to be reduced further during Champions League matches to accommodate additional advertising boards, so much so that for two seasons, from 1998 to 2000, Arsenal played Champions League home matches at Wembley, which could house more than 70,000 spectators.

question: What was the most people that Highbury stadium could host?, answer: 60,000 | question: When did League regulations make Arsenal reduce the seating in Highbury?, answer: 1993–94 season | question: Where did Arsenal play matches because of increased seating capacity?, answer: Wembley | question: During what time did Arsenal play at Wembley?, answer: 1998 to 2000 | question: What seating capacity did Wembley offer that have to lure Arsenal to play there?, answer: 70,000
Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or postsecondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the completion of a school such as a high school or secondary school. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities mainly provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Individuals who complete tertiary education generally receive certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.

question: What was another name used for Higher Education?, answer: tertiary, third stage, or postsecondary education | question: What is High Education?, answer: follows the completion of a school such as a high school | question: What does Tertiary education include?, answer: undergraduate and postgraduate education
Himachal Pradesh is famous for its abundant natural beauty. After the war between Nepal and Britain, also known as the Anglo-Gorkha War (1814–1816), the British colonial government came into power and the land now comprising Himachal Pradesh became part of the Punjab Province of British India. In 1950, Himachal was declared a union territory, but after the State of Himachal Pradesh Act 1971, Himachal emerged as the 18th state of the Republic of India. Hima means snow in Sanskrit, and the literal meaning of the state's name is "In the lap of Himalayas". It was named by Acharya Diwakar Datt Sharma, one of the great Sanskrit scholars of Himachal Pradesh.

question: Who is famous for natural beauty?, answer: Himachal Pradesh | question: What years was the Anglo-Gorkha War?, answer: 1814–1816 | question: What does HIma mean in Sanskirt?, answer: snow | question: What is the literal meaning of Himachal Pradesh?, answer: In the lap of Himalayas | question: Who was one of the great sanskirt scholars of Himachal Pradesh?, answer: Acharya Diwakar Datt Sharma
Himachal Pradesh is governed through a parliamentary system of representative democracy, a feature the state shares with other Indian states. Universal suffrage is granted to residents. The legislature consists of elected members and special office bearers such as the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker who are elected by the members. Assembly meetings are presided over by the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker in the Speaker's absence. The judiciary is composed of the Himachal Pradesh High Court and a system of lower courts. Executive authority is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister, although the titular head of government is the Governor. The Governor is the head of state appointed by the President of India. The leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the Legislative Assembly is appointed as the Chief Minister by the Governor, and the Council of Ministers are appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister. The Council of Ministers reports to the Legislative Assembly. The Assembly is unicameral with 68 Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). Terms of office run for 5 years, unless the Assembly is dissolved prior to the completion of the term. Auxiliary authorities known as panchayats, for which local body elections are regularly held, govern local affairs.

question: What does the Himachal legislature consist of?, answer: elected members and special office bearers such as the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker who are elected by the members | question: Who presides over meetings?, answer: the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker in the Speaker's absence | question: Who is the Judiciary system made up of?, answer: Himachal Pradesh High Court and a system of lower courts. | question: Who is the head of state appointed by the President of India?, answer: The Governor | question: How long are the terms of office?, answer: 5 years, unless the Assembly is dissolved prior to the completion of the term