lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
He was General Secretary (later Chairman of the Presidium) of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1939–80), and went on to lead the World War II Yugoslav guerrilla movement, the Partisans (1941–45). After the war, he was the Prime Minister (1944–63), President (later President for Life) (1953–80) of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). From 1943 to his death in 1980, he held the rank of Marshal of Yugoslavia, serving as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav military, the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). With a highly favourable reputation abroad in both Cold War blocs, Josip Broz Tito received some 98 foreign decorations, including the Legion of Honour and the Order of the Bath.

question: What position in the League of Communists of Yugoslavia was Tito?, answer: General Secretary | question: What position in Yugoslavia's government did Tito hold from 1944-63?, answer: Prime Minister | question: How many foreign decorations did he receive?, answer: 98 | question: What foreign decorations did Tito recieve?, answer: Legion of Honour and the Order of the Bath | question: During what years did Tito lead the Partisans?, answer: 1941–45
He was a pioneer of the application of operator theory to quantum mechanics, in the development of functional analysis, a principal member of the Manhattan Project and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton (as one of the few originally appointed), and a key figure in the development of game theory and the concepts of cellular automata, the universal constructor and the digital computer. He published 150 papers in his life; 60 in pure mathematics, 20 in physics, and 60 in applied mathematics. His last work, an unfinished manuscript written while in the hospital, was later published in book form as The Computer and the Brain.

question: How many papers did Von Neumann publish?, answer: 150 | question: What is the name of Von Neumann's last work?, answer: The Computer and the Brain | question: What high profile controversial project was Von Neumann a prinipal of?, answer: Manhattan Project | question: Of his published works, what topics were they covering?, answer: 60 in pure mathematics, 20 in physics, and 60 in applied mathematics
He was killed on 2 March 2009, possibly by soldiers in retaliation for the assassination of General Batista Tagme Na Waie, the head of the joint chiefs of staff, killed in an explosion. Vieira's death did not trigger widespread violence, but there were signs of turmoil in the country, according to the advocacy group Swisspeace. Malam Bacai Sanhá was elected after a transition. In the 2009 election to replace the assassinated Vieira, Sanhá was the presidential candidate of the PAIGC while Kumba Ialá was the presidential candidate of the PRS.

question: What was NOT triggered by Vieira's death?, answer: widespread violence | question: When was Vieira killed?, answer: 2 March 2009 | question: In the 2009 election, who was the candidate of the PAIGC?, answer: Sanhá | question: In the 2009 election, who was the candidate of the PRS?, answer: Kumba Ialá | question: Who won the 2009 election?, answer: Sanhá
He was known affectionately as "Good Pope John". His cause for canonization was opened under Pope Paul VI during the final session of the Second Vatican Council on 18 November 1965, along with the cause of Pope Pius XII. On 3 September 2000, John XXIII was declared "Blessed" alongside Pope Pius IX by Pope John Paul II, the penultimate step on the road to sainthood after a miracle of curing an ill woman was discovered. He was the first pope since Pope Pius X to receive this honour. Following his beatification, his body was moved from its original burial place in the grottoes below the Vatican to the altar of St. Jerome and displayed for the veneration of the faithful.[citation needed]

question: What was he also known as?, answer: Good Pope John | question: Who opened his cause for canonization?, answer: Pope Paul VI | question: When was Pope John XXIII considered "blessed?", answer: 3 September 2000 | question: Who declared him "blessed?", answer: Pope John Paul II | question: Who was the last pope before John XXIII to receive the title?, answer: Pope Pius X
He was moved to the Bureau of Topography of the Committee of Public Safety and sought unsuccessfully to be transferred to Constantinople in order to offer his services to the Sultan. During this period, he wrote the romantic novella Clisson et Eugénie, about a soldier and his lover, in a clear parallel to Bonaparte's own relationship with Désirée. On 15 September, Bonaparte was removed from the list of generals in regular service for his refusal to serve in the Vendée campaign. He faced a difficult financial situation and reduced career prospects.

question: After his move to the Committee of Public Safety, where did Napoleon unsuccessfully attempt to be transferred to?, answer: Constantinople | question: Inspired by his own relationship, what romantic tale did Napoleon author?, answer: Clisson et Eugénie | question: On what date was Napoleon taken off the list of generals in service due to his refusal to serve in Vendée?, answer: 15 September | question: In which department of the Committee of Public Safety did Napoleon serve?, answer: the Bureau of Topography | question: Napoleon's novella "Clisson et Eugénie" was based on his relationship with whom?, answer: Désirée
He worked in street construction for a short amount of time, but was unable to cope with the heavy labour. Continuing to attend university as a guest student, he started an apprenticeship as cabinetmaker, which he completed as a journeyman. He was dreaming at that time of starting a daycare facility for children, for which he assumed the ability to make furniture might be useful. After that he did voluntary service in one of psychoanalyst Alfred Adler's clinics for children. In 1922, he did his matura by way of a second chance education and finally joined the University as an ordinary student. He completed his examination as an elementary teacher in 1924 and started working at an after-school care club for socially endangered children. In 1925, he went to the newly founded Pädagogisches Institut and continued studying philosophy and psychology. Around that time he started courting Josefine Anna Henninger, who later became his wife.

question: What trade did Popper enter as an apprentice?, answer: cabinetmaker | question: What type of facility did Popper plan to open that would benefit from his furniture-making skills?, answer: daycare | question: In which psychoanalysts clinics did Popper volunteer?, answer: Alfred Adler | question: When did Popper become an ordinary student rather than a guest at university?, answer: 1922 | question: For which vocation did Popper complete his university examinations?, answer: elementary teacher
Heading east, 27th Street passes through Chelsea Park between Tenth and Ninth Avenues, with the Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT) on the corner of Eighth. On Madison Avenue between 26th and 27th streets, on the site of the old Madison Square Garden, is the New York Life Building, built in 1928 and designed by Cass Gilbert, with a square tower topped by a striking gilded pyramid. Twenty-Seventh Street passes one block north of Madison Square Park and culminates at Bellevue Hospital Center on First Avenue.

question: The Fashion Institute of Technology is on the corner of 27th Street and what Avenue?, answer: Eighth | question: What year was the New York Life Building built?, answer: 1928 | question: Who designed the New York Life Building?, answer: Cass Gilbert | question: Which hospital is located at the end if 27th Street?, answer: Bellevue | question: Which park does 27th Street pass through between Ninth and Tenth Avenues?, answer: Chelsea
Health care and emergency medical service in the city of Paris and its suburbs are provided by the Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), a public hospital system that employs more than 90,000 people (including practitioners, support personnel, and administrators) in 44 hospitals. It is the largest hospital system in Europe. It provides health care, teaching, research, prevention, education and emergency medical service in 52 branches of medicine. The hospitals receive more than 5.8 million annual patient visits.

question: How many people are employed at AP-HP?, answer: 90,000 | question: How many hospitals are in Paris?, answer: 44 | question: How many patients visit the hospitals annually?, answer: 5.8 million | question: Who provides emergency care in the city of Paris?, answer: Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris
Health care delivery in Nigeria is a concurrent responsibility of the three tiers of government in the country, and the private sector. Nigeria has been reorganising its health system since the Bamako Initiative of 1987, which formally promoted community-based methods of increasing accessibility of drugs and health care services to the population, in part by implementing user fees. The new strategy dramatically increased accessibility through community-based healthcare reform, resulting in more efficient and equitable provision of services. A comprehensive approach strategy was extended to all areas of health care, with subsequent improvement in the health care indicators and improvement in health care efficiency and cost.

question: When did the Bamako Initiative begin?, answer: 1987 | question: Nigeria is adding what kind of costs to its healthcare system?, answer: user fees | question: When did Nigeria start reorganizing its healthcare system?, answer: 1987
Health care in Thuringia is currently undergoing a concentration process. Many smaller hospitals in the rural towns are closing, whereas the bigger ones in centres like Jena and Erfurt get enlarged. Overall, there is an oversupply of hospital beds, caused by rationalisation processes in the German health care system, so that many smaller hospitals generate losses. On the other hand, there is a lack of family doctors, especially in rural regions with increased need of health care provision because of overageing.

question: Which hospitals are being expanded?, answer: bigger ones in centres like Jena and Erfurt | question: Why are there too many hospital beds?, answer: rationalisation processes in the German health care system | question: Where is it the most difficult to find a family doctor?, answer: rural regions with increased need of health care provision because of overageing.
Heart disease, cancer, obesity, and diabetes are commonly called "Western" diseases because these maladies were once rarely seen in developing countries. An international study in China found some regions had virtually no cancer or heart disease, while in other areas they reflected "up to a 100-fold increase" coincident with shifts from diets that were found to be entirely plant-based to heavily animal-based, respectively. In contrast, diseases of affluence like cancer and heart disease are common throughout the developed world, including the United States. Adjusted for age and exercise, large regional clusters of people in China rarely suffered from these "Western" diseases possibly because their diets are rich in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, and have little dairy and meat products. Some studies show these to be, in high quantities, possible causes of some cancers. There are arguments for and against this controversial issue.

question: Heart disease and obesity are examples of what kind of disease?, answer: "Western" diseases | question: In which country was a study about the presence of cancer and heart disease in different regions done?, answer: China | question: How much of an increase in presence of "Western" diseases was there in communities that primarily had animal - based diets as opposed to vegetable diets?, answer: 100-fold | question: Other than meat, what else is lacking from the people in China's diet compared to diets from the Western world?, answer: dairy | question: What disease was said to possibly be the result of diets that are high in meat and dairy products?, answer: cancers
Heartwood (or duramen) is wood that as a result of a naturally occurring chemical transformation has become more resistant to decay. Heartwood formation occurs spontaneously (it is a genetically programmed process). Once heartwood formation is complete, the heartwood is dead. Some uncertainty still exists as to whether heartwood is truly dead, as it can still chemically react to decay organisms, but only once.

question: What's another word for "duramen"?, answer: Heartwood | question: What is heartwood naturally resistant to?, answer: decay | question: How does heartwood formation occur due to its being genetically programmed?, answer: spontaneously | question: What adjective describes fully formed heartwood?, answer: dead | question: Despite being considered dead, what can heartwood have one chemical reaction to?, answer: decay organisms
Heartwood is often visually distinct from the living sapwood, and can be distinguished in a cross-section where the boundary will tend to follow the growth rings. For example, it is sometimes much darker. However, other processes such as decay or insect invasion can also discolor wood, even in woody plants that do not form heartwood, which may lead to confusion.

question: In what part of a tree's cross-section is heartwood visible?, answer: growth rings | question: What simple color distinction can heartwood have that makes it stand out from living wood in a tree?, answer: darker | question: Along with insect infestation, what process can discolor wood and make it look like heartwood?, answer: decay | question: What kind of plants never form heartwood?, answer: woody | question: What is the living wood in a tree called?, answer: sapwood
Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due to the vibration of its molecules at a given temperature. Thermal radiation can be emitted from objects at any wavelength, and at very high temperatures such radiations are associated with spectra far above the infrared, extending into visible, ultraviolet, and even X-ray regions (i.e., the solar corona). Thus, the popular association of infrared radiation with thermal radiation is only a coincidence based on typical (comparatively low) temperatures often found near the surface of planet Earth.

question: What is the term for transit energy flowing as a result of differences in temperature?, answer: Heat | question: What type of heat transmission can propagate through a vacuum?, answer: thermal radiation | question: What object emits thermal radiation in the X-ray spectrum?, answer: the solar corona | question: The visible, ultraviolet and X-ray spectra are all above what spectrum?, answer: infrared
Hebb distinguished between short-term and long-term memory. He postulated that any memory that stayed in short-term storage for a long enough time would be consolidated into a long-term memory. Later research showed this to be false. Research has shown that direct injections of cortisol or epinephrine help the storage of recent experiences. This is also true for stimulation of the amygdala. This proves that excitement enhances memory by the stimulation of hormones that affect the amygdala. Excessive or prolonged stress (with prolonged cortisol) may hurt memory storage. Patients with amygdalar damage are no more likely to remember emotionally charged words than nonemotionally charged ones. The hippocampus is important for explicit memory. The hippocampus is also important for memory consolidation. The hippocampus receives input from different parts of the cortex and sends its output out to different parts of the brain also. The input comes from secondary and tertiary sensory areas that have processed the information a lot already. Hippocampal damage may also cause memory loss and problems with memory storage. This memory loss includes, retrograde amnesia which is the loss of memory for events that occurred shortly before the time of brain damage.

question: Was Hebb's thought of the relationship between short and long term memory true?, answer: research showed this to be false | question: Which drugs seemed to help someone remember earlier events?, answer: cortisol or epinephrine | question: What relationship does excitement and memory share?, answer: excitement enhances memory | question: Bob was in a car accident and couldn't remember his wifes name, what part of his brain could have been damaged?, answer: hippocampus
Hebrew is the liturgical language of Judaism (termed lashon ha-kodesh, "the holy tongue"), the language in which most of the Hebrew scriptures (Tanakh) were composed, and the daily speech of the Jewish people for centuries. By the 5th century BCE, Aramaic, a closely related tongue, joined Hebrew as the spoken language in Judea. By the 3rd century BCE, some Jews of the diaspora were speaking Greek. Others, such as in the Jewish communities of Babylonia, were speaking Hebrew and Aramaic, the languages of the Babylonian Talmud. These languages were also used by the Jews of Israel at that time.[citation needed]

question: What is the liturgical language of Judaism?, answer: Hebrew | question: What is also termed lason ha-kodesh, "the holy tongue?", answer: Hebrew | question: What are the two languages of the Babylonian Talmud?, answer: Hebrew and Aramaic | question: What are the Hebrew scriptures called?, answer: Tanakh | question: What is a closely related tongue to Hebrew?, answer: Aramaic
Hegel certainly intends to preserve what he takes to be true of German idealism, in particular Kant's insistence that ethical reason can and does go beyond finite inclinations. For Hegel there must be some identity of thought and being for the "subject" (any human observer)) to be able to know any observed "object" (any external entity, possibly even another human) at all. Under Hegel's concept of "subject-object identity," subject and object both have Spirit (Hegel's ersatz, redefined, nonsupernatural "God") as their conceptual (not metaphysical) inner reality—and in that sense are identical. But until Spirit's "self-realization" occurs and Spirit graduates from Spirit to Absolute Spirit status, subject (a human mind) mistakenly thinks every "object" it observes is something "alien," meaning something separate or apart from "subject." In Hegel's words, "The object is revealed to it [to "subject"] by [as] something alien, and it does not recognize itself." Self-realization occurs when Hegel (part of Spirit's nonsupernatural Mind, which is the collective mind of all humans) arrives on the scene and realizes that every "object" is himself, because both subject and object are essentially Spirit. When self-realization occurs and Spirit becomes Absolute Spirit, the "finite" (man, human) becomes the "infinite" ("God," divine), replacing the imaginary or "picture-thinking" supernatural God of theism: man becomes God. Tucker puts it this way: "Hegelianism . . . is a religion of self-worship whose fundamental theme is given in Hegel's image of the man who aspires to be God himself, who demands 'something more, namely infinity.'" The picture Hegel presents is "a picture of a self-glorifying humanity striving compulsively, and at the end successfully, to rise to divinity."

question: In Hegel's thought, what inner reality is possessed by both subject and object?, answer: Spirit | question: What is another term for Hegel's "subject"?, answer: any human observer | question: What does Spirit turn into when a person arrives at self-realization?, answer: Absolute Spirit | question: What does Hegel mean by "object"?, answer: any external entity | question: Who did Tucker argue that Hegel's philosophy involved the worship of?, answer: self
Height limits in the Melbourne CBD were lifted in 1958, after the construction of ICI House, transforming the city's skyline with the introduction of skyscrapers. Suburban expansion then intensified, serviced by new indoor malls beginning with Chadstone Shopping Centre. The post-war period also saw a major renewal of the CBD and St Kilda Road which significantly modernised the city. New fire regulations and redevelopment saw most of the taller pre-war CBD buildings either demolished or partially retained through a policy of facadism. Many of the larger suburban mansions from the boom era were also either demolished or subdivided.

question: In what year were height limits lifted in the Melbourne CBD?, answer: 1958 | question: Which was the first new indoor mall in Melbourne?, answer: Chadstone Shopping Centre | question: What happened to many of the larger suburban mansions from the boom era?, answer: demolished or subdivided | question: Which two areas saw a significant renewal after the post-war period and significantly modernised the city?, answer: CBD and St Kilda Road
Heitaro Nakajima, who developed an early digital audio recorder within Japan's national public broadcasting organization NHK in 1970, became general manager of Sony's audio department in 1971. His team developed a digital PCM adaptor audio tape recorder using a Betamax video recorder in 1973. After this, in 1974 the leap to storing digital audio on an optical disc was easily made. Sony first publicly demonstrated an optical digital audio disc in September 1976. A year later, in September 1977, Sony showed the press a 30 cm disc that could play 60 minutes of digital audio (44,100 Hz sampling rate and 16-bit resolution) using MFM modulation. In September 1978, the company demonstrated an optical digital audio disc with a 150-minute playing time, 44,056 Hz sampling rate, 16-bit linear resolution, and cross-interleaved error correction code—specifications similar to those later settled upon for the standard Compact Disc format in 1980. Technical details of Sony's digital audio disc were presented during the 62nd AES Convention, held on 13–16 March 1979, in Brussels. Sony's AES technical paper was published on 1 March 1979. A week later, on 8 March, Philips publicly demonstrated a prototype of an optical digital audio disc at a press conference called "Philips Introduce Compact Disc" in Eindhoven, Netherlands.

question: Where was the 62nd AES Convention held?, answer: Brussels | question: Who was the general manger of Sony's audio department in 1971?, answer: Heitaro Nakajima | question: What year did Sony first exhibit the use of an optical digital audio disc?, answer: 1976 | question: What did Nakajima's team use to create a digital PCM adaptor audio tape recorder?, answer: a Betamax video recorder | question: Where was the Philips Introduce Compact disc conference held?, answer: Eindhoven, Netherlands | question: What did Nakajima's team use to create a digital PCM adaptor audio tape recorder?, answer: Betamax video recorder | question: When did Sony release it's AES technical paper?, answer: 1 March 1979
Hellenistic Geometers such as Archimedes (c. 287 – 212 BC), Apollonius of Perga (c. 262 – c. 190 BC), and Euclid (c. 325 – 265 BC), whose Elements became the most important textbook in mathematics until the 19th century, built upon the work of the Hellenic era Pythagoreans. Euclid developed proofs for the Pythagorean Theorem, for the infinitude of primes, and worked on the ﬁve Platonic solids. Eratosthenes used his knowledge of geometry to measure the circumference of the Earth. His calculation was remarkably accurate. He was also the first to calculate the tilt of the Earth's axis (again with remarkable accuracy). Additionally, he may have accurately calculated the distance from the Earth to the Sun and invented the leap day. Known as the "Father of Geography ", Eratosthenes also created the first map of the world incorporating parallels and meridians, based on the available geographical knowledge of the era.

question: When did Archimedes die?, answer: 212 BC | question: When was Euclid born?, answer: 325 | question: Who worked on the five Platonic solids?, answer: Euclid | question: Who measured the circumference of the Earth?, answer: Eratosthenes | question: Who was the Father of Geomtery?, answer: Eratosthenes