lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Also with respect to copyright, the American film industry helped to change the social construct of intellectual property via its trade organization, the Motion Picture Association of America. In amicus briefs in important cases, in lobbying before Congress, and in its statements to the public, the MPAA has advocated strong protection of intellectual-property rights. In framing its presentations, the association has claimed that people are entitled to the property that is produced by their labor. Additionally Congress's awareness of the position of the United States as the world's largest producer of films has made it convenient to expand the conception of intellectual property. These doctrinal reforms have further strengthened the industry, lending the MPAA even more power and authority.

question: What is the American film industry's trade organization?, answer: Motion Picture Association of America | question: The Motion Picture Association of America is which industry's trade organization?, answer: film | question: Which country is the world's largest producer of films?, answer: United States | question: The MPAA has advocated strong protection of what kind of rights?, answer: intellectual-property
Also, Kendals in Manchester can lay claim to being one of the oldest department stores in the UK. Beginning as a small shop owned by S. and J. Watts in 1796, its sold a variety of goods. Kendal Milne and Faulkner purchased the business in 1835. Expanding the space, rather than use it as a typical warehouse simply to showcase textiles, it became a vast bazaar. Serving Manchester's upmarket clientele for over 200 years, it was taken over by House of Fraser and recently rebranded as House of Fraser Manchester – although most Mancunians still refer to it as Kendals. The Kendal Milne signage still remains over the main entrance to the art deco building in the city's Deansgate.

question: Who purchased a small shop in 1835, which would eventually become Kendals?, answer: Kendal Milne and Faulkner | question: Where was the store located?, answer: Manchester | question: How long did the store operate for?, answer: over 200 years | question: Who eventually purchased and assumed operation of the store?, answer: House of Fraser
Also, anything that can be used as an element of drama can exist in professional wrestling stories: romantic relationships (including love triangles and marriage), racism, classism, nepotism, favoritism, corporate corruption, family bonds, personal histories, grudges, theft, cheating, assault, betrayal, bribery, seduction, stalking, confidence tricks, extortion, blackmail, substance abuse, self-doubt, self-sacrifice; even kidnapping, sexual fetishism, necrophilia, misogyny, rape and death have been portrayed in wrestling. Some promotions have included supernatural elements such as magic, curses, the undead and Satanic imagery (most notably The Undertaker and his Ministry of Darkness, a stable that regularly performed evil rituals and human sacrifice in Satanic-like worship of a hidden power figure). Celebrities would also be involved in storylines.

question: What supernatural things have been portrayed in matches?, answer: magic, curses, the undead and Satanic imagery | question: What can be used in a wrestling story?, answer: anything that can be used as an element of drama | question: What romantic drama might be used in a story?, answer: love triangles and marriage
Also, other human rights were advocated for by some Protestants. For example, torture was abolished in Prussia in 1740, slavery in Britain in 1834 and in the United States in 1865 (William Wilberforce, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Abraham Lincoln - against Southern Protestants). Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf were among the first thinkers who made significant contributions to international law. The Geneva Convention, an important part of humanitarian international law, was largely the work of Henry Dunant, a reformed pietist. He also founded the Red Cross.

question: When did Prussia stop torture?, answer: 1740 | question: When did Britain end slavery?, answer: 1834 | question: Who were the first men to make large contributions to international law?, answer: Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf | question: Who founded the Red Cross?, answer: Henry Dunant | question: What international law was Henry Dunant mostly responsible for?, answer: The Geneva Convention
Also, the tradition of differentiating between the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women did not develop in Poland. Usually men inherited the coat of arms from their fathers. Also, the brisure was rarely used.

question: What was rarely used?, answer: brisure | question: Where did the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women not develoupe?, answer: Poland | question: Where did men get their coat of arms usually?, answer: their fathers
Alternative approaches, such as the British aid agency's Drivers of Change research, skips numbers and promotes understanding corruption via political economy analysis of who controls power in a given society.

question: What is the British aid agency's research called?, answer: Drivers of Change | question: What does Drivers of Change skip?, answer: numbers | question: What does Drivers of Change promote?, answer: understanding corruption
Alternative proposals for the etymology of *Slověninъ propounded by some scholars have much less support. Lozinski argues that the word *slava once had the meaning of worshipper, in this context meaning "practicer of a common Slavic religion," and from that evolved into an ethnonym. S.B. Bernstein speculates that it derives from a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *(s)lawos, cognate to Ancient Greek λαός laós "population, people," which itself has no commonly accepted etymology. Meanwhile, others have pointed out that the suffix -enin indicates a man from a certain place, which in this case should be a place called Slova or Slava, possibly a river name. The Old East Slavic Slavuta for the Dnieper River was argued by Henrich Bartek (1907–1986) to be derived from slova and also the origin of Slovene.

question: Who argues that the word *slava once had the meaning of worshipper?, answer: Lozinski | question: Who speculates that *slava derives from a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *(s)lawos?, answer: S.B. Bernstein | question: The suffix -enin indicates what?, answer: a man from a certain place | question: Who argued that the Old East Slavic Slavuta for the Dnieper River was derived from slova?, answer: Henrich Bartek
Alternatively, or in addition to this practice, the members of an upper house may be indirectly elected by the government or legislature of the component states, as occurred in the United States prior to 1913, or be actual members or delegates of the state governments, as, for example, is the case in the German Bundesrat and in the Council of the European Union. The lower house of a federal legislature is usually directly elected, with apportionment in proportion to population, although states may sometimes still be guaranteed a certain minimum number of seats.

question: Who can elect the members of the upper house?, answer: government or legislature | question: Can the members of the upper house be elected directly or indirectly?, answer: indirectly | question: Can the members of the lower house be elected directly or indirectly?, answer: directly
Alternatives to pesticides are available and include methods of cultivation, use of biological pest controls (such as pheromones and microbial pesticides), genetic engineering, and methods of interfering with insect breeding. Application of composted yard waste has also been used as a way of controlling pests. These methods are becoming increasingly popular and often are safer than traditional chemical pesticides. In addition, EPA is registering reduced-risk conventional pesticides in increasing numbers.

question: What is one thing that can be used in place of pesticides?, answer: methods of cultivation | question: What natural product can be used to control pests?, answer: composted yard waste | question: Why are alternative methods of pest control gaining popularity?, answer: safer than traditional chemical pesticides | question: What agency has offered acceptance of safer pesticides?, answer: EPA | question: What is one non chemical way of dealing with pests?, answer: interfering with insect breeding
Although "British" pubs found outside of Britain and its former colonies are often themed bars owing little to the original British pub, a number of "true" pubs may be found around the world.

question: What would be a more accurate classification for many "British" pubs found outside Britain?, answer: themed bars
Although Albertus Magnus did much to instill mysticism in the Order of Preachers, it is a concept that reaches back to the Hebrew Bible. In the tradition of Holy Writ, the impossibility of coming face to face with God is a recurring motif, thus the commandment against graven images (Exodus 20.4-5). As time passed, Jewish and early Christian writings presented the idea of 'unknowing,' where God's presence was enveloped in a dark cloud. These images arose out of a confusing mass of ambiguous and ambivalent statements regarding the nature of God and man's relationship to Him.

question: The search for mysticism in the Dominican Order goes back to what?, answer: Hebrew Bible | question: What is the Holy Writ?, answer: Bible | question: Who wanted to put mysticism into the Dominican Order?, answer: Albertus Magnus | question: Whose writings introduced the idea of 'unknowing' to the Order of Preachers?, answer: Jewish and early Christian writings
Although Alexander Graham Bell is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, his interests were extremely varied. According to one of his biographers, Charlotte Gray, Bell's work ranged "unfettered across the scientific landscape" and he often went to bed voraciously reading the Encyclopædia Britannica, scouring it for new areas of interest. The range of Bell's inventive genius is represented only in part by the 18 patents granted in his name alone and the 12 he shared with his collaborators. These included 14 for the telephone and telegraph, four for the photophone, one for the phonograph, five for aerial vehicles, four for "hydroairplanes" and two for selenium cells. Bell's inventions spanned a wide range of interests and included a metal jacket to assist in breathing, the audiometer to detect minor hearing problems, a device to locate icebergs, investigations on how to separate salt from seawater, and work on finding alternative fuels.

question: What series of books does Gray say Bell would go to sleep reading?, answer: Encyclopædia Britannica | question: How many solo patents did Bell get?, answer: 18 | question: How many patents did Bell co-author?, answer: 12
Although Bell was, and still is, accused of stealing the telephone from Gray, Bell used Gray's water transmitter design only after Bell's patent had been granted, and only as a proof of concept scientific experiment, to prove to his own satisfaction that intelligible "articulate speech" (Bell's words) could be electrically transmitted. After March 1876, Bell focused on improving the electromagnetic telephone and never used Gray's liquid transmitter in public demonstrations or commercial use.

question: Bell implemented Gray's design as a what?, answer: proof of concept | question: Bell stopped using the liquid-based method after what month?, answer: March | question: Bell used his own design in all public demonstrations and what?, answer: commercial use
Although Brandenburg was a part of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prussian lands were not within the Holy Roman Empire and were with the administration by the Teutonic Order grandmasters under jurisdiction of the Emperor. In return for supporting Emperor Leopold I in the War of the Spanish Succession, Elector Frederick III was allowed to crown himself "King in Prussia" in 1701. The new kingdom ruled by the Hohenzollern dynasty became known as the Kingdom of Prussia. The designation "Kingdom of Prussia" was gradually applied to the various lands of Brandenburg-Prussia. To differentiate from the larger entity, the former Duchy of Prussia became known as Altpreußen ("Old Prussia"), the province of Prussia, or "East Prussia".

question: Brandenburg was part of what dominating force?, answer: Holy Roman Empire | question: What jurisdiction was the Prussian lands under?, answer: Teutonic Order | question: Who elected there self as King of Prussia in 1701?, answer: Frederick III | question: What did the former Duchy of Prussia become known as?, answer: Altpreußen ("Old Prussia")
Although Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli honored Mary as the Mother of God in the 16th century, they did so less than Martin Luther. Thus the idea of respect and high honor for Mary was not rejected by the first Protestants; but, they came to criticize the Roman Catholics for venerating Mary. Following the Council of Trent in the 16th century, as Marian veneration became associated with Catholics, Protestant interest in Mary decreased. During the Age of the Enlightenment any residual interest in Mary within Protestant churches almost disappeared, although Anglicans and Lutherans continued to honor her.

question: For what practice did the first Protestants criticize the Roman Catholics?, answer: venerating Mary | question: In which century did the Council of Trent occur?, answer: 16th | question: Which Protestant churches still honor Mary?, answer: Anglicans and Lutherans | question: During which historical era did Protestant interest in Mary almost disappear?, answer: Age of the Enlightenment | question: Marian veneration became associated with which Christians after the Council of Trent?, answer: Catholics
Although Chancellor Wrighton had noted after the 2004 debate that it would be "improbable" that the university will host another debate and was not eager to commit to the possibility, he subsequently changed his view and the university submitted a bid for the 2008 debates. "These one-of-a-kind events are great experiences for our students, they contribute to a national understanding of important issues, and they allow us to help bring national and international attention to the St. Louis region as one of America's great metropolitan areas," said Wrighton.

question: What was Chancellor Wrighton's initial sentiment to hosting another presidential debate at Washington University after 2004?, answer: it would be "improbable" that the university will host another debate and was not eager to commit to the possibility | question: What did Chancellor Wrighton state as one of the reasons for hosting another debate at Washington University?, answer: These one-of-a-kind events are great experiences for our students, they contribute to a national understanding of important issues | question: What year did Chancellor Wrighton submit another bid for a presidential debate at Washington University after 2004?, answer: 2008
Although Chihuahua is primarily identified with the Chihuahuan Desert for namesake, it has more forests than any other state in Mexico, with the exception of Durango. Due to its variant climate, the state has a large variety of fauna and flora. The state is mostly characterized by rugged mountainous terrain and wide river valleys. The Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range, an extension of the Rocky Mountains, dominates the state's terrain and is home to the state's greatest attraction, Las Barrancas del Cobre, or Copper Canyon, a canyon system larger and deeper than the Grand Canyon. On the slope of the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains (around the regions of Casas Grandes, Cuauhtémoc and Parral), there are vast prairies of short yellow grass, the source of the bulk of the state's agricultural production. Most of the inhabitants live along the Rio Grande Valley and the Conchos River Valley.

question: Which state has more forests than Chihuahua?, answer: Durango | question: The state of Chihuahua is primarily identified with what type of landscape?, answer: Desert | question: The Copper Canyon is deeper than what popular American canyon?, answer: Grand Canyon | question: Along which two valleys do most inhabitants of Chihuahua live?, answer: Rio Grande Valley and the Conchos River Valley | question: The Sierra Madre Occidentals are an extension of which American mountain range?, answer: Rocky Mountains
Although Chinese characters in Vietnam are now limited to ceremonial uses, they were once in widespread use. Until the early 20th century, Literary Chinese was used in Vietnam for all official and scholarly writing. Around the 13th century the Nôm script was developed to record folk literature in the Vietnamese language. The script used Chinese characters to represent both borrowed Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary and native words with similar pronunciation or meaning. In addition thousands of new compound characters were created to write Vietnamese words. This process resulted in a highly complex system that was never mastered by more than 5% of the population. Both Literary Chinese and Nôm were replaced in the early 20th century by Vietnamese written with the Latin-based Vietnamese alphabet.

question: What is now limited to ceremonial uses?, answer: Chinese characters in Vietnam | question: What were once in widespread use?, answer: Chinese characters in Vietnam | question: What was used in schooling?, answer: Literary Chinese
Although Classical music in the 2000s has lost most of its tradition for musical improvisation, from the Baroque era to the Romantic era, there are examples of performers who could improvise in the style of their era. In the Baroque era, organ performers would improvise preludes, keyboard performers playing harpsichord would improvise chords from the figured bass symbols beneath the bass notes of the basso continuo part and both vocal and instrumental performers would improvise musical ornaments. J.S. Bach was particularly noted for his complex improvisations. During the Classical era, the composer-performer Mozart was noted for his ability to improvise melodies in different styles. During the Classical era, some virtuoso soloists would improvise the cadenza sections of a concerto. During the Romantic era, Beethoven would improvise at the piano. For more information, see Improvisation.

question: Classical music in the 2000s has lost most of its tradition for musical what?, answer: improvisation | question: In the Baroque era, who would improvise preludes?, answer: organ performers | question: Who would improvise musical ornaments in the Baroque era?, answer: instrumental performers | question: Who was noted for his complex improvisations?, answer: J.S. Bach | question: What was Mozart noted for?, answer: his ability to improvise melodies in different styles
Although Dominic and the early brethren had instituted female Dominican houses at Prouille and other places by 1227, some of the brethren of the order had misgivings about the necessity of female religious establishments in an order whose major purpose was preaching, a duty in which women could not traditionally engage. In spite of these doubts, women's houses dotted the countryside throughout Europe. There were seventy-four Dominican female houses in Germany, forty-two in Italy, nine in France, eight in Spain, six in Bohemia, three in Hungary, and three in Poland. Many of the German religious houses that lodged women had been home to communities of women, such as Beguines, that became Dominican once they were taught by the traveling preachers and put under the jurisdiction of the Dominican authoritative structure. A number of these houses became centers of study and mystical spirituality in the 14th century. There were one hundred and fifty-seven nunneries in the order by 1358. In that year, the number lessened due to disasters like the Black Death.

question: Who did some early Dominican followers have trouble reconciling?, answer: female Dominican houses | question: Where was one female Dominican house located?, answer: Prouille | question: How many female Dominican houses were there in Germany?, answer: seventy-four | question: Who were an order of religious women who later converted to Dominican?, answer: Beguines | question: How many Dominican nunneries were there by 1358?, answer: one hundred and fifty-seven
Although Egypt was a majority Christian country before the 7th Century, after Islam arrived, the country was slowly Islamified to become a majority Muslim country. Egypt emerged as a centre of politics and culture in the Muslim world. Under Anwar Sadat, Islam became the official state religion and Sharia the main source of law. It is estimated that 15 million Egyptians follow Native Sufi orders, with the Sufi leadership asserting that the numbers are much greater as many Egyptian Sufis are not officially registered with a Sufi order.

question: Prior to 7th century, what was primary religion of Egypt?, answer: Christian | question: What became the main source of law with increasing Islamic influence in Egypt?, answer: Sharia | question: Under what leader did Islam become official religion of Egypt?, answer: Anwar Sadat
Although England's first away kits were blue, England's traditional away colours are red shirts, white shorts and red socks. In 1996, England's away kit was changed to grey shirts, shorts and socks. This kit was only worn three times, including against Germany in the semi-final of Euro 96 but the deviation from the traditional red was unpopular with supporters and the England away kit remained red until 2011, when a navy blue away kit was introduced. The away kit is also sometimes worn during home matches, when a new edition has been released to promote it.

question: What color were England's first away kits?, answer: blue | question: What color are the socks traditionally worn in England's away kits?, answer: red | question: Three times in 1996, England wore what color socks in their away kits instead of the traditional red socks?, answer: grey | question: In 2011, England introduced a new away kit in what color?, answer: navy blue | question: When a new edition of England's away kit has been introduced, the kit is sometimes worn during what type of matches?, answer: home matches
Although Foo Fighters continued to be one of the most successful rock acts, with albums like In Your Honor (2005) reaching number two in the US and UK, many of the first wave of post-grunge bands began to fade in popularity. Acts like Creed, Staind, Puddle of Mudd and Nickelback took the genre into the 2000s with considerable commercial success, abandoning most of the angst and anger of the original movement for more conventional anthems, narratives and romantic songs. They were followed in this vein by new acts including Shinedown and Seether. Acts with more conventional hard rock sounds included Andrew W.K., Beautiful Creatures and Buckcherry, whose breakthrough album 15 (2006) went platinum and spawned the single "Sorry" (2007), which made the Top 10 of the Billboard 100. These were joined by bands with hard rock leanings that emerged in the mid-2000s from the garage rock or post punk revival, including Black Rebel Motorcycle Club and Kings of Leon, and Queens of the Stone Age from the US, Three Days Grace from Canada, Jet from Australia and The Datsuns from New Zealand. In 2009 Them Crooked Vultures, a supergroup that brought together Foo Fighters' Dave Grohl, Queens of the Stone Age's Josh Homme and Led Zeppelin bass player John Paul Jones attracted attention as a live act and released a self-titled debut album that reached the top 20 in the US and UK and the top ten in several other countries.

question: When did the Foo Fighters album In Your Honor come out?, answer: 2005 | question: Three Days Grace is from what country?, answer: Canada | question: The band Jet is from what country?, answer: Australia | question: What supergroup featured members of Foo Fighters, Queens of the Stone Age and Led Zeppelin?, answer: Them Crooked Vultures | question: What was the title of Buckcherry's 2007 hit single?, answer: "Sorry"