lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In 2007, it was discovered that the upper troposphere of Neptune's south pole was about 10 K warmer than the rest of its atmosphere, which averages approximately 73 K (−200 °C). The temperature differential is enough to let methane, which elsewhere is frozen in the troposphere, escape into the stratosphere near the pole. The relative "hot spot" is due to Neptune's axial tilt, which has exposed the south pole to the Sun for the last quarter of Neptune's year, or roughly 40 Earth years. As Neptune slowly moves towards the opposite side of the Sun, the south pole will be darkened and the north pole illuminated, causing the methane release to shift to the north pole.

question: How much warmer is Neptune's south pole to the rest of it's atmosphere?, answer: 10 K | question: Where does methane in the south pole escape to on Neptune?, answer: the stratosphere near the pole. | question: What is the average temperature of Neptune's south pole?, answer: 73 K (−200 °C). | question: How many earth years is Neptune's south pole exposed to the sun?, answer: 40 | question: To which pole will Neptune's methane shift to as it moves to the opposite side of the sun?, answer: north pole
In 2007, the Institute for Policy Innovation (IPI) reported that music piracy took $12.5 billion from the U.S. economy. According to the study, musicians and those involved in the recording industry are not the only ones who experience losses attributed to music piracy. Retailers have lost over a billion dollars, while piracy has resulted in 46,000 fewer production-level jobs and almost 25,000 retail jobs. The U.S. government was also reported to suffer from music piracy, losing $422 million in tax revenue.

question: Who reported that piracy took $12.5 billion from the U.S. economy?, answer: Institute for Policy Innovation | question: How much money have retailers lost?, answer: over a billion dollars | question: How many production-level jobs were lost?, answer: 46,000 | question: Which government lost $422 million in potential tax money?, answer: U.S. government
In 2007, the Japanese Buddhist organisation Nipponzan Myohoji decided to build a Peace Pagoda in the city containing Buddha relics. It was inaugurated by the current Dalai Lama.

question: The Nipponzan Myohoji decided to build a Peace Pagoda in new Delhi in what year?, answer: 2007 | question: The Peace Pagoda built in New Delhi by the Nipponzan Myohoji contained what type of artifacts?, answer: Buddha relics | question: Which Japanese Buddhist organization built a Peace Pagoda in New Delhi in 2007?, answer: Nipponzan Myohoji | question: The Peace Pagoda built in New Delhi by the Nipponzan Myohoji was inaugurated by which prominent figure?, answer: Dalai Lama | question: What structure did the Nipponzan Myohoji decide to build in New Delhi in 2007?, answer: Peace Pagoda
In 2007, the Marshall Islands joined the International Labour Organization, which means its labour laws will comply with international benchmarks. This may impact business conditions in the islands.

question: What body did the Marshall Islands join in 2007?, answer: the International Labour Organization | question: What is the significance of the Marshall Islands joining the International Labour Organization?, answer: its labour laws will comply with international benchmarks | question: What may see benefits from the Marshalls joining the International Labour Organization?, answer: business conditions
In 2007, the USAF undertook a Reduction-in-Force (RIF). Because of budget constraints, the USAF planned to reduce the service's size from 360,000 active duty personnel to 316,000. The size of the active duty force in 2007 was roughly 64% of that of what the USAF was at the end of the first Gulf War in 1991. However, the reduction was ended at approximately 330,000 personnel in 2008 in order to meet the demand signal of combatant commanders and associated mission requirements. These same constraints have seen a sharp reduction in flight hours for crew training since 2005 and the Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower and Personnel directing Airmen's Time Assessments.

question: What year did the USAF take a Reduction-in-force?, answer: 2007 | question: Why did the USAF plan to take a reduction-in-force?, answer: budget constraints | question: How many USAF personnel did the reduction end in during 2008?, answer: 330,000 | question: What has there been a sharp reduction in during the years following 2005 in the USAF?, answer: flight hours for crew training
In 2007, the country with the highest estimated incidence rate of TB was Swaziland, with 1,200 cases per 100,000 people. India had the largest total incidence, with an estimated 2.0 million new cases. In developed countries, tuberculosis is less common and is found mainly in urban areas. Rates per 100,000 people in different areas of the world were: globally 178, Africa 332, the Americas 36, Eastern Mediterranean 173, Europe 63, Southeast Asia 278, and Western Pacific 139 in 2010. In Canada and Australia, tuberculosis is many times more common among the aboriginal peoples, especially in remote areas. In the United States Native Americans have a fivefold greater mortality from TB, and racial and ethnic minorities accounted for 84% of all reported TB cases.

question: Out of every 100,000 people in Swaziland in 2007, how many were infected with tuberculosis?, answer: 1,200 | question: What country had a record-setting 2 million new cases of TB in 2007?, answer: India | question: What people in Australia and Canada have a much higher risk of TB infection than other residents?, answer: aboriginal | question: What indigenous people in the U.S. are five times more likely to die from TB?, answer: Native Americans | question: What percentage of TB cases in America are diagnosed in minority groups?, answer: 84%
In 2007, the official Xinhua News Agency reported that the resolution of the BeiDou system was as high as 0.5 metres. With the existing user terminals it appears that the calibrated accuracy is 20m (100m, uncalibrated).

question: In 2007, what was the reported resolution of the BeiDou system?, answer: as high as 0.5 metres | question: What is the calibrated accuracy of the BeiDou system?, answer: 20m | question: What is the uncalibrated accuracy of the BeiDou system?, answer: 100m | question: Who reported the resolution of the BeiDou system in 2007?, answer: the official Xinhua News Agency
In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe "Bobby" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a "culture of coziness" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and "a systematic breakdown" in the FAA's culture that resulted in "malfeasance, bordering on corruption." In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.

question: When did two whisleblowers allege that Boutris attempted to ground Southwest Airlines?, answer: 2007 | question: How many planes did the FAA managers allow to fly in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections?, answer: 46 | question: How much did the FAA propose to fine Southwest for failing to inspect older planes?, answer: $10.2 million | question: What former chairman of the committee said it's investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse?, answer: Jim Oberstar | question: How many planes were allowed to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety regulations?, answer: 117
In 2008 renewable energy accounted for 8% of the country's total energy consumption, a rise from the 7.2% it accounted for in 2006, but still below the EU average of 10% in 2008. 10% of the country's renewable energy comes from solar power, while most comes from biomass and waste recycling. In line with the European Commission's Directive on Renewable Energy, Greece aims to get 18% of its energy from renewable sources by 2020. In 2013 and for several months, Greece produced more than 20% of its electricity from renewable energy sources and hydroelectric power plants. Greece currently does not have any nuclear power plants in operation, however in 2009 the Academy of Athens suggested that research in the possibility of Greek nuclear power plants begin.

question: How much of Greece's energy consumption came from renewable sources in 2008?, answer: 8% | question: What was EU average amount of energy from renewable sources in 2008?, answer: 10% | question: Where does most of Greece's renewable energy come from?, answer: biomass and waste recycling | question: How much of Greece's energy is targeted to be from renewable sources by 2020?, answer: 18% | question: Who suggested research into the possibility of a Greek nuclear power plant should begin?, answer: Academy of Athens
In 2008, Bloomberg claimed child labour in copper and cobalt mines that supplied Chinese companies in Congo. The children are creuseurs, that is they dig the ore by hand, carry sacks of ores on their backs, and these are then purchased by these companies. Over 60 of Katanga's 75 processing plants are owned by Chinese companies and 90 percent of the region's minerals go to China. An African NGO report claimed 80,000 child labourers under the age of 15, or about 40% of all miners, were supplying ore to Chinese companies in this African region. Amnesty International alleged in 2016 that some cobalt sold by Congo Dongfang Mining was produced by child labor, and that it was being used in lithium-ion batteries powering electric cars and mobile devices worldwide.

question: Who was the supplier of copper and cobalt to China?, answer: Congo | question: What are child creuseurs?, answer: they dig the ore by hand, carry sacks of ores on their backs | question: What percent of materials go to China?, answer: 90 percent | question: What is the cobalt used for?, answer: lithium-ion batteries powering electric cars and mobile devices worldwide
In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion into mobile banking, a growth industry in the regional banking sector. In 2014, Somalia's three largest telecommunication operators, Hormuud Telecom, NationLink and Somtel, also signed an interconnection agreement. The cooperative deal will see the firms establish the Somali Telecommunication Company (STC), which will allow their mobile clients to communicate across the three networks.

question: What year did Dahabhiil acquire the majority of Somtal network?, answer: 2008 | question: Where is Somtal network located?, answer: Hargeisa | question: Buying Somtal Network allowed Dahabshiil to expand into what type of banking?, answer: mobile banking | question: STC stands for what?, answer: Somali Telecommunication Company | question: The STC allows its customers to communicate across how many networks?, answer: three
In 2008, Forbes magazine named Oklahoma City the most "recession proof city in America". The magazine reported that the city had falling unemployment, one of the strongest housing markets in the country and solid growth in energy, agriculture and manufacturing. However, during the early 1980s, Oklahoma City had one of the worst job and housing markets due to the bankruptcy of Penn Square Bank in 1982 and then the post-1985 crash in oil prices.[citation needed]

question: What year did forbes list Oklahoma city as "recession proof"., answer: 2008 | question: When did Penn Square Bank go bankrupt?, answer: 1982 | question: What year did the oil crash?, answer: 1985
In 2008, Houston received top ranking on Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best Cities of 2008 list, which ranks cities on their local economy, employment opportunities, reasonable living costs, and quality of life. The city ranked fourth for highest increase in the local technological innovation over the preceding 15 years, according to Forbes magazine. In the same year, the city ranked second on the annual Fortune 500 list of company headquarters, first for Forbes magazine's Best Cities for College Graduates, and first on their list of Best Cities to Buy a Home. In 2010, the city was rated the best city for shopping, according to Forbes.

question: How did Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best Cities rate Houston?, answer: top ranking | question: When did Houston receive a ranking in the top of Kiplinger's Best cities list?, answer: 2008 | question: Where did Forbes magazine place Houston for technological innovation?, answer: fourth | question: Where did Houston place for Fortune 500 companies?, answer: second | question: When was Houston ranked the best city for shopping?, answer: 2010
In 2008, India suspended military aid to Myanmar over the issue of human rights abuses by the ruling junta, although it has preserved extensive commercial ties, which provide the regime with much-needed revenue. The thaw in relations began on 28 November 2011, when Belarusian Prime Minister Mikhail Myasnikovich and his wife Ludmila arrived in the capital, Naypyidaw, the same day as the country received a visit by US Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, who also met with pro-democracy opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi. International relations progress indicators continued in September 2012 when Aung San Suu Kyi visited to the US followed by Myanmar's reformist president visit to the United Nations.

question: Why did India stop supporting the military in Myanmar in 2008 ?, answer: over the issue of human rights abuses by the ruling junta | question: Did the military sanctions imposed by India affect the business workings of it's relations in Burma ?, answer: it has preserved extensive commercial ties | question: Who helped to improve the relations between India and Burma?, answer: Belarusian Prime Minister Mikhail Myasnikovich and his wife Ludmila | question: What city in Burma was visited by the envoy from India, answer: the capital, Naypyidaw
In 2008, TCM won a Peabody Award for excellence in broadcasting. In April 2010, Turner Classic Movies held the first TCM Classic Film Festival, an event – now held annually – at the Grauman's Chinese Theater and the Grauman's Egyptian Theater in Hollywood. Hosted by Robert Osborne, the four-day long annual festival celebrates Hollywood and its movies, and features celebrity appearances, special events, and screenings of around 50 classic movies including several newly restored by the Film Foundation, an organization devoted to preserving Hollywood's classic film legacy.

question: In what year did TCM receive a Peabody Award?, answer: 2008 | question: For what reason is a Peabody Award granted?, answer: excellence in broadcasting | question: When did the inaugural TCM Classic Film Festival take place?, answer: April 2010 | question: In addition to the Grauman's Chinese Theater, where did the first TCM Classic Film Festival take place?, answer: Grauman's Egyptian Theater | question: Where is Grauman's Chinese Theater located?, answer: Hollywood
In 2008, a BeiDou-1 ground terminal cost around CN¥20,000RMB (US$2,929), almost 10 times the price of a contemporary GPS terminal. The price of the terminals was explained as being due to the cost of imported microchips. At the China High-Tech Fair ELEXCON of November 2009 in Shenzhen, a BeiDou terminal priced at CN¥3,000RMB was presented.

question: How much did a BeiDou-1 ground terminal cost in 2008?, answer: around CN¥20,000RMB (US$2,929) | question: How much more did a BeiDou-1 ground terminal cost than a current GPS terminal?, answer: almost 10 times the price | question: Why is a BeiDou-1 ground terminal so expensive?, answer: due to the cost of imported microchips | question: Where was the ELEXCON fair held in 2009?, answer: Shenzhen | question: What was presented at the ELEXCON fair in 2009?, answer: a BeiDou terminal priced at CN¥3,000RMB
In 2008, biochemist Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk (Russian: Борис Аркадьевич Малярчук) et al. of the Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia, used a sample (n=279) of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of "Mongoloid" "mtDNA lineages". Malyarchuk found Czech mtDNA lineages were typical of "Slavic populations" with "1.8%" Mongoloid mtDNA lineage. Malyarchuk added that "Slavic populations" "almost always" contain Mongoloid mtDNA lineage. Malyarchuk said the Mongoloid component of Slavic people was partially added before the split of "Balto-Slavics" in 2,000–3,000 BC with additional Mongoloid mixture occurring among Slavics in the last 4,000 years. Malyarchuk said the "Russian population" was developed by the "assimilation of the indigenous pre-Slavic population of Eastern Europe by true Slavs" with additional "assimilation of Finno-Ugric populations" and "long-lasting" interactions with the populations of "Siberia" and "Central Asia". Malyarchuk said that other Slavs "Mongoloid component" was increased during the waves of migration from "steppe populations (Huns, Avars, Bulgars and Mongols)", especially the decay of the "Avar Khaganate".

question: When did Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk use a sample of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of "Monigoloid" "mtDNA lineages"?, answer: 2008 | question: Who used a sample of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of "Monigoloid" "mtDNA lineages"?, answer: Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk | question: Malyarchuk found Czech mtDNA lineages were typical of what populations?, answer: Slavic populations | question: Malyarchuk said the Mongoloid component of Slavic people was partially added before the split of "Balto-Slavics" in what time period?, answer: Malyarchuk said that other Slavs "Mongoloid component" was increased during the waves of migration from "steppe populations | question: Malyarchuk said that other Slavs "Mongoloid component" was increased during the waves of migration from what populations?, answer: steppe populations
In 2008, extreme waves and high tides caused widespread flooding in the capital city of Majuro and other urban centres, 3 feet (0.91 m) above sea level. On Christmas morning in 2008, the government declared a state of emergency. In 2013, heavy waves once again breached the city walls of Majuro.

question: What is the capital of the Marshall Islands?, answer: Majuro | question: On what day in 2008 did the Marshall Island government declare a state of emergency?, answer: Christmas | question: In meters, how high were the 2008 floods?, answer: 0.91 | question: What caused the 2008 floods?, answer: extreme waves and high tides | question: In what year did waves overcome the walls of the capital city?, answer: 2013
In 2008, the BBC reported that the company Primark was using child labor in the manufacture of clothing. In particular, a £4 hand-embroidered shirt was the starting point of a documentary produced by BBC's Panorama programme. The programme asks consumers to ask themselves, "Why am I only paying £4 for a hand embroidered top? This item looks handmade. Who made it for such little cost?", in addition to exposing the violent side of the child labour industry in countries where child exploitation is prevalent.

question: Who did the BBC in 2008 report as using child labor?, answer: Primark | question: What does Primark produce?, answer: clothing | question: What did the BBC program make their viewers question?, answer: "Why am I only paying £4 for a hand embroidered top? | question: What else did the BBC expose?, answer: the violent side of the child labour industry
In 2008, the High Court in South Africa ruled that Chinese South Africans who were residents during the apartheid era (and their descendants) are to be reclassified as "Black people," solely for the purposes of accessing affirmative action benefits, because they were also "disadvantaged" by racial discrimination. Chinese people who arrived in the country after the end of apartheid do not qualify for such benefits.

question: Who declared Chinese South Africans as "Black People"?, answer: the High Court in South Africa | question: What year did this ruling happen?, answer: 2008 | question: Why was this classification made?, answer: solely for the purposes of accessing affirmative action benefits | question: What Chinese people did not qualify for benefits?, answer: Chinese people who arrived in the country after the end of apartheid | question: Why did some Chinese citizens qualify for benefits?, answer: they were also "disadvantaged" by racial discrimination.
In 2008, there were 62 reported homicides. Through December 20 each of 2014 and 2015, the Boston Police Department reported 52 and 39 homicides, respectively.

question: How many reported murders were there in 2008?, answer: 62 | question: How many murders were there in 2014?, answer: 52 | question: How many murders were there in Boston in 2015?, answer: 39
In 2008[update] the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 125,037. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 203, of which 184 were in agriculture and 19 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 15,476 of which 7,650 or (49.4%) were in manufacturing, 51 or (0.3%) were in mining and 6,389 (41.3%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 109,358. In the tertiary sector; 11,396 or 10.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 10,293 or 9.4% were in the movement and storage of goods, 5,090 or 4.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 7,302 or 6.7% were in the information industry, 8,437 or 7.7% were the insurance or financial industry, 10,660 or 9.7% were technical professionals or scientists, 5,338 or 4.9% were in education and 17,903 or 16.4% were in health care.

question: How many full time jobs were there in 2008?, answer: 125,037. | question: How many jobs in the primary sector were agrictulture?, answer: 184 | question: How many jobs in the primary sector were in forestry or lumber production?, answer: 19 | question: How many jobs are in the secondary sector?, answer: 15,476 | question: How many jobs are in the tertiary secotr?, answer: 109,358