lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
There are scouting and guiding groups on Saint Helena and Ascension Island. Scouting was established on Saint Helena island in 1912. Lord and Lady Baden-Powell visited the Scouts on Saint Helena on the return from their 1937 tour of Africa. The visit is described in Lord Baden-Powell's book entitled African Adventures.

question: What kind of groups are on Saint Helena and Ascension Island?, answer: scouting and guiding | question: When was Scouting established on Saint Helena?, answer: 1912 | question: Who visited the scouts on their return from the tour of Africa in 1937?, answer: Lord and Lady Baden-Powell | question: What book describes Lord and Lady Baden-Powel's visit?, answer: African Adventures
There are seven current masjids in the Greater Richmond area, with three more currently in construction, accommodating the growing Muslim population, the first one being Masjid Bilal. In the 1950s, Muslims from the East End got organized under Nation of Islam (NOI). They used to meet in Temple #24 located on North Avenue. After the NOI split in 1975, the Muslims who joined mainstream Islam, start meeting at Shabaaz Restaurant on Nine Mile Road. By 1976, the Muslims used to meet in a rented church. They tried to buy this church, but due to financial difficulties the Muslims instead bought an old grocery store at Chimbarazoo Boulevard, the present location of Masjid Bilal. Initially, the place was called "Masjid Muhammad #24". Only by 1990 did the Muslims renamed it to "Masjid Bilal". Masjid Bilal was followed by the Islamic Center of Virginia, ICVA masjid. The ICVA was established in 1973 as a non profit tax exempt organization. With aggressive fundraising, ICVA was able to buy land on Buford road. Construction of the new masjid began in the early 1980s. The rest of the five current masjids in the Richmond area are Islamic Center of Richmond (ICR) in the west end, Masjid Umm Barakah on 2nd street downtown, Islamic Society of Greater Richmond (ISGR) in the west end, Masjidullah in the north side, and Masjid Ar-Rahman in the east end.

question: Where did Richmond's Nation of Islam members initially meet?, answer: Temple #24 | question: On what street is Masjid Bilal located?, answer: Chimbarazoo Boulevard | question: What was Masjid Bilal previously known as?, answer: Masjid Muhammad #24 | question: What year saw the establishment of the Islamic Center of Virginia?, answer: 1973 | question: On what street can Shabaaz Restaurant be found?, answer: Nine Mile Road
There are several academic libraries and archives in Paris. The Sorbonne Library in the 5th arrondissement is the largest university library in Paris. In addition to the Sorbonne location, there are branches in Malesherbes, Clignancourt-Championnet, Michelet-Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie, Serpente-Maison de la Recherche, and Institut des Etudes Ibériques. Other academic libraries include Interuniversity Pharmaceutical Library, Leonardo da Vinci University Library, Paris School of Mines Library, and the René Descartes University Library.

question: What is the largest university library?, answer: Sorbonne Library | question: Outside of France, where are the other three branches of the Sorbonne library located?, answer: Malesherbes, Clignancourt-Championnet, Michelet-Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie, Serpente-Maison de la Recherche, and Institut des Etudes Ibériques | question: In what arrondissement is the Sorbonne library in Paris located?, answer: 5th
There are several details that are only found in one of the gospel accounts. For instance, only Matthew's gospel mentions an earthquake, resurrected saints who went to the city and that Roman soldiers were assigned to guard the tomb, while Mark is the only one to state the actual time of the crucifixion (the third hour, or 9 am) and the centurion's report of Jesus' death. The Gospel of Luke's unique contributions to the narrative include Jesus' words to the women who were mourning, one criminal's rebuke of the other, the reaction of the multitudes who left "beating their breasts", and the women preparing spices and ointments before resting on the Sabbath. John is also the only one to refer to the request that the legs be broken and the soldier's subsequent piercing of Jesus' side (as fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy), as well as that Nicodemus assisted Joseph with burial.

question: What detail of Jesus's Crucifiction was only found in Matthew's Gospel?, answer: an earthquake | question: Which gospel mentioned the time of Crucifiction?, answer: Mark | question: Who did Jesus talk to in the Gospel of Luke?, answer: words to the women who were mourning | question: What gospel talks about breaking Jesus' legs?, answer: John | question: What prophecy was fulfilled by the piercing of Jesus' side?, answer: Old Testament prophecy
There are several invertebrate species whose brains have been studied intensively because they have properties that make them convenient for experimental work:

question: Which brains are easier to work on, vertebrates or invertebrates?, answer: invertebrate
There are several major annual events such as First Night, which occurs on New Year's Eve, the Boston Early Music Festival, the annual Boston Arts Festival at Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park, and Italian summer feasts in the North End honoring Catholic saints. The city is the site of several events during the Fourth of July period. They include the week-long Harborfest festivities and a Boston Pops concert accompanied by fireworks on the banks of the Charles River.

question: What event occurs on New Year's Eve?, answer: First Night | question: Where is the annual Boston Arts festival?, answer: Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park | question: Where are Italian Summer feasts held?, answer: the North End | question: Whos is honored in the Italian Summer Feasts?, answer: Catholic saints | question: How long are the Harbor-Fest festivities?, answer: week-long
There are several major exceptions on tuition fees. In many European countries, it is possible to study without tuition fees. Public universities in Nordic countries were entirely without tuition fees until around 2005. Denmark, Sweden and Finland then moved to put in place tuition fees for foreign students. Citizens of EU and EEA member states and citizens from Switzerland remain exempted from tuition fees, and the amounts of public grants granted to promising foreign students were increased to offset some of the impact.

question: In multiple countries in Europe students can attend a university with what kind if financial burden?, answer: without tuition fees | question: Until what year were public universities in nordic nation free of tuition?, answer: around 2005 | question: What kind of students pay fees in public universities in Denmark?, answer: foreign students | question: In terms of Universities in Denmark what is the fee status for citizens of EFA states?, answer: exempted from tuition fees | question: What happened to public grants in nordic universities that continued to allow foreign students?, answer: increased
There are several other important art museums in Montevideo. The National Museum of Visual Arts in Parque Rodó has Uruguay's largest collection of paintings. The Juan Manuel Blanes Museum was founded in 1930, the 100th anniversary of the first Constitution of Uruguay, significant with regard to the fact that Juan Manuel Blanes painted Uruguayan patriotic themes. In back of the museum is a beautiful Japanese Garden with a pond where there are over a hundred carp. The Museo de Historia del Arte, located in the Palacio Municipal, features replicas of ancient monuments and exhibits a varied collection of artifacts from Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, Greece, Rome and Native American cultures including local finds of the pre-Columbian period. The Museo Municipal Precolombino y Colonial, in the Ciudad Vieja, has preserved collections of the archaeological finds from excavations carried out by Uruguayan archaeologist Antonio Taddei. These antiquaries are exhibits of pre-Columbian art of Latin America, painting and sculpture from the 17th and 18th century mostly from Mexico, Peru and Brazil. The Museo de Arte Contempo has small but impressive exhibits of modern Uruguayan painting and sculpture.

question: Where is the National Museum of Visual Arts located?, answer: Parque Rodó | question: What does the National Museum of Visual Arts have the largest collection of in Uruguay?, answer: paintings | question: When was the Juan Manuel Blanes Museum founded?, answer: 1930 | question: Who painted Uruguayan patriotic themes?, answer: Juan Manuel Blanes | question: Where is the Museo de Historia del Arte located?, answer: the Palacio Municipal
There are several reasons an otherwise valid and agreed upon treaty may be rejected as a binding international agreement, most of which involve problems created at the formation of the treaty.[citation needed] For example, the serial Japan-Korea treaties of 1905, 1907 and 1910 were protested; and they were confirmed as "already null and void" in the 1965 Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea.

question: When are most of the problems created that might result in an otherwise valid treaty being rejected as a binding international agreement?, answer: at the formation of the treaty | question: What treaties between Japan and Korea are examples of treaties that were declared null and void?, answer: the serial Japan-Korea treaties of 1905, 1907 and 1910 | question: In what treaty were the serial Japan-Korea treaties of 1905, 1907, and 1910 confirmed as "already null and void?", answer: the 1965 Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea | question: Which two states signed a treaty that declared previous treaties between the two from 1905, 1907, and 1910 to be already void?, answer: Japan and the Republic of Korea | question: An otherwise valid and agreed upon treaty may be rejected as what for several reasons most of which involve problems created at the formation of a treaty?, answer: a binding international agreement
There are several rocks and islets off the coast, including: Castle Rock, Speery Island, the Needle, Lower Black Rock, Upper Black Rock (South), Bird Island (Southwest), Black Rock, Thompson's Valley Island, Peaked Island, Egg Island, Lady's Chair, Lighter Rock (West), Long Ledge (Northwest), Shore Island, George Island, Rough Rock Island, Flat Rock (East), the Buoys, Sandy Bay Island, the Chimney, White Bird Island and Frightus Rock (Southeast), all of which are within one kilometre (0.62 miles) of the shore.

question: How close are the rockets and islets off the coast?, answer: one kilometre | question: Which direction from the island is Upper Black Rock located?, answer: South | question: Which direction from the island is Bird Island located?, answer: Southwest | question: Which direction from the island is Lighter Rock located?, answer: West | question: Which direction from the island is Frightus Rock located?, answer: Southeast
There are several sources of the seedlessness trait, and essentially all commercial cultivators get it from one of three sources: Thompson Seedless, Russian Seedless, and Black Monukka, all being cultivars of Vitis vinifera. There are currently more than a dozen varieties of seedless grapes. Several, such as Einset Seedless, Benjamin Gunnels's Prime seedless grapes, Reliance, and Venus, have been specifically cultivated for hardiness and quality in the relatively cold climates of northeastern United States and southern Ontario.

question: How many seedless grape sources are there for commercial cultivators?, answer: three | question: How many varieties of seedless grapes are there?, answer: more than a dozen | question: What species of grape are grown by Thompson Seedless?, answer: Vitis vinifera | question: What type of climate are Benjamin Gunnels's Prime seedless grapes specifically cultivated for?, answer: cold | question: What species of grape are grown by Black Monukka?, answer: Vitis vinifera
There are several technologies aimed to provide better experience to passengers suffering from claustrophobia, anthropophobia or social anxiety. Israeli startup DigiGage uses motion sensors to scroll the pre-rendered images, building and floor-specific content on a screen embedded into the wall as the cab moves up and down. British company LiftEye provides a virtual window technology to turn common elevator into panoramic. It creates 3d video panorama using live feed from cameras placed vertically along the facade and synchronizes it with cab movement. The video is projected on a wall-sized screens making it look like the walls are made of glass.

question: New technologies aim to provide a better elevator experience to passengers who suffer from what?, answer: claustrophobia, anthropophobia or social anxiety | question: What Israeli company uses motion sensors to display information on a screen embedded in the wall of the cabs?, answer: DigiGage | question: LiftEye uses virtual window technology for what?, answer: to turn common elevator into panoramic | question: How does it produce the panoramic effects?, answer: It creates 3d video panorama using live feed from cameras placed vertically along the facade and synchronizes it with cab movement | question: Where is the video projected?, answer: on a wall-sized screens
There are several theories to the Islamisation process in Southeast Asia. Another theory is trade. The expansion of trade among West Asia, India and Southeast Asia helped the spread of the religion as Muslim traders from Southern Yemen (Hadramout) brought Islam to the region with their large volume of trade. Many settled in Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia. This is evident in the Arab-Indonesian, Arab-Singaporean, and Arab-Malay populations who were at one time very prominent in each of their countries. The second theory is the role of missionaries or Sufis.[citation needed] The Sufi missionaries played a significant role in spreading the faith by introducing Islamic ideas to the region. Finally, the ruling classes embraced Islam and that further aided the permeation of the religion throughout the region. The ruler of the region's most important port, Malacca Sultanate, embraced Islam in the 15th century, heralding a period of accelerated conversion of Islam throughout the region as Islam provided a positive force among the ruling and trading classes.

question: In the 15th century, the ruler of which port embraced Islam?, answer: Malacca Sultanate | question: Where did the traders from Yemen settle?, answer: Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia | question: Which missionary helped to spread Islam?, answer: The Sufi missionaries | question: Which religion proved a positive force among the ruling & trading classes?, answer: Islam
There are several types of multi-color white LEDs: di-, tri-, and tetrachromatic white LEDs. Several key factors that play among these different methods, include color stability, color rendering capability, and luminous efficacy. Often, higher efficiency will mean lower color rendering, presenting a trade-off between the luminous efficacy and color rendering. For example, the dichromatic white LEDs have the best luminous efficacy (120 lm/W), but the lowest color rendering capability. However, although tetrachromatic white LEDs have excellent color rendering capability, they often have poor luminous efficacy. Trichromatic white LEDs are in between, having both good luminous efficacy (>70 lm/W) and fair color rendering capability.

question: What is a factor that may be different in the various types of multi-color white LEDs?, answer: luminous efficacy | question: Higher efficiency in multi-color white LEDs may mean what?, answer: lower color rendering | question: What is one type of multi-color white LED?, answer: tetrachromatic | question: What type has the best luminous efficacy?, answer: dichromatic white LEDs | question: What luminous efficacy does trichromatic white LEDs have?, answer: >70 lm/W
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions are judgments. He has put forward a more nuanced view which response to what he has called the ‘standard objection’ to cognitivism, the idea that a judgment that something is fearsome can occur with or without emotion, so judgment cannot be identified with emotion. The theory proposed by Nico Frijda where appraisal leads to action tendencies is another example.

question: Who wrote The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life?, answer: Robert C. Solomon | question: In what year was The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life published?, answer: 1993 | question: What does Solomon believe emotions to be?, answer: judgments | question: Whose theory discussed action tendencies?, answer: Nico Frijda | question: The idea that judgment can't be identified with emotion is an objection to what school of thought?, answer: cognitivism
There are special rules for certain rare diseases ("orphan diseases") in several major drug regulatory territories. For example, diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances are subject to the Orphan Drug Act. Because medical research and development of drugs to treat such diseases is financially disadvantageous, companies that do so are rewarded with tax reductions, fee waivers, and market exclusivity on that drug for a limited time (seven years), regardless of whether the drug is protected by patents.

question: What is subject to the Orphan Drug Act?, answer: diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances | question: What is given to companies who develop drugs for "orphan diseases"?, answer: tax reductions, fee waivers, and market exclusivity on that drug for a limited time (seven years), regardless of whether the drug is protected by patents | question: Why are these companies rewarded?, answer: Because medical research and development of drugs to treat such diseases is financially disadvantageous | question: What size of disease populations are subject to the Orphan Drug Act?, answer: fewer than 200,000 patients | question: What is one financial benefit to researching orphan drugs?, answer: tax reductions | question: What is the length of time of market exclusivity of an orphan drug?, answer: seven years | question: What is a term for rare diseases in some territories?, answer: orphan diseases
There are strict limits to how efficiently heat can be converted into work in a cyclic process, e.g. in a heat engine, as described by Carnot's theorem and the second law of thermodynamics. However, some energy transformations can be quite efficient. The direction of transformations in energy (what kind of energy is transformed to what other kind) is often determined by entropy (equal energy spread among all available degrees of freedom) considerations. In practice all energy transformations are permitted on a small scale, but certain larger transformations are not permitted because it is statistically unlikely that energy or matter will randomly move into more concentrated forms or smaller spaces.

question: What states that there are strict limits to how efficiently heat can be converted into a work in a cyclic process?, answer: Carnot's theorem | question: What is the direction of transformations in energy?, answer: what kind of energy is transformed to what other kind | question: What is often determined by entropy considerations?, answer: direction of transformations in energy | question: Why are certain larger transformations not permitted?, answer: because it is statistically unlikely that energy or matter will randomly move into more concentrated forms or smaller spaces
There are three classes of components for oxide glasses: network formers, intermediates, and modifiers. The network formers (silicon, boron, germanium) form a highly cross-linked network of chemical bonds. The intermediates (titanium, aluminium, zirconium, beryllium, magnesium, zinc) can act as both network formers and modifiers, according to the glass composition. The modifiers (calcium, lead, lithium, sodium, potassium) alter the network structure; they are usually present as ions, compensated by nearby non-bridging oxygen atoms, bound by one covalent bond to the glass network and holding one negative charge to compensate for the positive ion nearby. Some elements can play multiple roles; e.g. lead can act both as a network former (Pb4+ replacing Si4+), or as a modifier.

question: What components of glass for networks?, answer: silicon, boron, germanium | question: What type of components change the network's shape?, answer: modifiers | question: What type of component can both make and change networks?, answer: intermediates | question: What type of chemical attachment connects ions to the network?, answer: covalent bond
There are three main chemical pulping processes: the sulfite process dates back to the 1840s and it was the dominant method extent before the second world war. The kraft process, invented in the 1870s and first used in the 1890s, is now the most commonly practiced strategy, one of its advantages is the chemical reaction with lignin, that produces heat, which can be used to run a generator. Most pulping operations using the kraft process are net contributors to the electricity grid or use the electricity to run an adjacent paper mill. Another advantage is that this process recovers and reuses all inorganic chemical reagents. Soda pulping is another specialty process used to pulp straws, bagasse and hardwoods with high silicate content.

question: How many chemical pulping processes are there?, answer: three | question: What decade does the sulfite process date to?, answer: 1840s | question: What process is most commonly used?, answer: The kraft process | question: What is another process used to pulp straws with high silicate content?, answer: Soda pulping
There are three members of parliament for the city: Royston Smith (Conservative) for Southampton Itchen, the constituency covering the east of the city; Dr. Alan Whitehead (Labour) for Southampton Test, which covers the west of the city; and Caroline Nokes (Conservative) for Romsey and Southampton North, which includes a northern portion of the city.

question: How many representatives does Southampton have in parliament?, answer: three | question: What is Royston Smith's constituency?, answer: Southampton Itchen | question: Who is Southampton Test's member of parliament?, answer: Dr. Alan Whitehead | question: To what political party does Caroline Nokes belong?, answer: Conservative | question: Which directional area of Southampton does Dr. Alan Whitehead represent?, answer: west
There are three primary shopping centers in the Bronx: The Hub, Gateway Center and Southern Boulevard. The Hub–Third Avenue Business Improvement District (B.I.D.), in The Hub, is the retail heart of the South Bronx, located where four roads converge: East 149th Street, Willis, Melrose and Third Avenues. It is primarily located inside the neighborhood of Melrose but also lines the northern border of Mott Haven. The Hub has been called "the Broadway of the Bronx", being likened to the real Broadway in Manhattan and the northwestern Bronx. It is the site of both maximum traffic and architectural density. In configuration, it resembles a miniature Times Square, a spatial "bow-tie" created by the geometry of the street. The Hub is part of Bronx Community Board 1.

question: What in the Bronx has been compared to Broadway?, answer: The Hub | question: What is the main retail area of the South Bronx?, answer: The Hub–Third Avenue Business Improvement District | question: Which streets demarcate The Hub BID?, answer: East 149th Street, Willis, Melrose and Third Avenues | question: What is The Hub's nickname?, answer: "the Broadway of the Bronx" | question: What shape is The Hub?, answer: bow-tie