lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Dominic inspired his followers with loyalty to learning and virtue, a deep recognition of the spiritual power of worldly deprivation and the religious state, and a highly developed governmental structure. At the same time, Dominic inspired the members of his order to develop a "mixed" spirituality. They were both active in preaching, and contemplative in study, prayer and meditation. The brethren of the Dominican Order were urban and learned, as well as contemplative and mystical in their spirituality. While these traits had an impact on the women of the order, the nuns especially absorbed the latter characteristics and made those characteristics their own. In England, the Dominican nuns blended these elements with the defining characteristics of English Dominican spirituality and created a spirituality and collective personality that set them apart.

question: How did Dominic inspire his followers?, answer: with loyalty to learning and virtue | question: What group especially benefited from the Dominican Order's mystical spirituality?, answer: nuns | question: In what country did Dominican Order nuns thrive in?, answer: England | question: What type of spirituality did Dominic want his followers to learn?, answer: a "mixed" spirituality
Dominic sought to establish a new kind of order, one that would bring the dedication and systematic education of the older monastic orders like the Benedictines to bear on the religious problems of the burgeoning population of cities, but with more organizational flexibility than either monastic orders or the secular clergy. Dominic's new order was to be a preaching order, trained to preach in the vernacular languages. Rather than earning their living on vast farms as the monasteries had done, the new friars would survive by begging, "selling" themselves through persuasive preaching.

question: The Dominican Order received influence from what monastic order?, answer: the Benedictines | question: What type of order was the Dominican Order?, answer: a preaching order | question: What did previous religious orders do for a living?, answer: farms | question: How did the Dominican Order earn money?, answer: by begging
Dominic's education at Palencia gave him the knowledge he needed to overcome the Manicheans. With charity, the other concept that most defines the work and spirituality of the order, study became the method most used by the Dominicans in working to defend the Church against the perils that hounded it, and also of enlarging its authority over larger areas of the known world. In Dominic's thinking, it was impossible for men to preach what they did not or could not understand. When the brethren left Prouille, then, to begin their apostolic work, Dominic sent Matthew of Paris to establish a school near the University of Paris. This was the first of many Dominican schools established by the brethren, some near large universities throughout Europe.

question: Dominic studied in what city?, answer: Palencia | question: Dominic's education helped him to overcome who?, answer: the Manicheans | question: What helps define the work of the Dominican Order?, answer: charity | question: In what city did Dominic establish a school?, answer: Paris | question: Who did Dominic entrust to start his school?, answer: Matthew of Paris
Dominic's search for a close relationship with God was determined and unceasing. He rarely spoke, so little of his interior life is known. What is known about it comes from accounts written by people near to him. St. Cecilia remembered him as cheerful, charitable and full of unceasing vigor. From a number of accounts, singing was apparently one of Dominic's great delights. Dominic practiced self-scourging and would mortify himself as he prayed alone in the chapel at night for 'poor sinners.' He owned a single habit, refused to carry money, and would allow no one to serve him.

question: What did Dominic greatly struggle with?, answer: relationship with God | question: Who remembered Dominic as a cheerful fellow?, answer: St. Cecilia | question: What did Dominic enjoy doing?, answer: sing | question: Who did Dominic pray for?, answer: poor sinners | question: What did Dominic refuse to do?, answer: carry money
Donald Wills Douglas, Sr. built a plant in 1922 at Clover Field (Santa Monica Airport) for the Douglas Aircraft Company. In 1924, four Douglas-built planes took off from Clover Field to attempt the first aerial circumnavigation of the world. Two planes made it back, after having covered 27,553 miles (44,342 km) in 175 days, and were greeted on their return September 23, 1924, by a crowd of 200,000 (generously estimated). The Douglas Company (later McDonnell Douglas) kept facilities in the city until the 1960s.

question: Who built a plant in Clover field?, answer: Donald Wills Douglas, Sr | question: What company was the structure at Clover Field for?, answer: Douglas Aircraft | question: What did Clover Field built airplanes attempt the first of?, answer: aerial circumnavigation of the world | question: The Douglas Company had facilities in Santa Monica through what decade?, answer: 1960s | question: How Many Planes returned from the circumnavigation in 1924?, answer: Two
Doordarshan is the state-owned television broadcaster. Doordarshan Shimla also provides programs in Pahari language.Multi system operators provide a mix of Nepali, Hindi, English, and international channels via cable. All India Radio is a public radio station. Private FM stations are also available in few cities like Shimla. BSNL, Reliance Infocomm, Tata Indicom, Tata Docomo, Aircel, Vodafone, Idea Cellular and Airtel are available cellular phone operators. Broadband internet is available in select towns and cities and is provided by the state-run BSNL and by other private companies. Dial-up access is provided throughout the state by BSNL and other providers.

question: What is Doordarshan?, answer: state-owned television broadcaster | question: What is provided by BSNL and others throughout the state?, answer: Dial-up access | question: What is available in few cities?, answer: Private FM stations | question: Who are the cellular phone operators available?, answer: BSNL, Reliance Infocomm, Tata Indicom, Tata Docomo, Aircel, Vodafone, Idea Cellular and Airtel | question: What is All India Radio?, answer: public radio station
Dorgon's controversial July 1645 edict (the "haircutting order") forced adult Han Chinese men to shave the front of their heads and comb the remaining hair into the queue hairstyle which was worn by Manchu men, on pain of death. The popular description of the order was: "To keep the hair, you lose the head; To keep your head, you cut the hair." To the Manchus, this policy was a test of loyalty and an aid in distinguishing friend from foe. For the Han Chinese, however, it was a humiliating reminder of Qing authority that challenged traditional Confucian values. The Classic of Filial Piety (Xiaojing) held that "a person's body and hair, being gifts from one's parents, are not to be damaged." Under the Ming dynasty, adult men did not cut their hair but instead wore it in the form of a top-knot. The order triggered strong resistance to Qing rule in Jiangnan and massive killing of ethnic Han Chinese. It was Han Chinese defectors who carried out massacres against people refusing to wear the queue.. Li Chengdong, a Han Chinese general who had served the Ming but surrendered to the Qing, ordered his Han troops to carry out three separate massacres in the city of Jiading within a month, resulting in tens of thousands of deaths. At the end of the third massacre, there was hardly any living person left in this city. Jiangyin also held out against about 10,000 Han Chinese Qing troops for 83 days. When the city wall was finally breached on 9 October 1645, the Han Chinese Qing army led by the Han Chinese Ming defector Liu Liangzuo (劉良佐), who had been ordered to "fill the city with corpses before you sheathe your swords," massacred the entire population, killing between 74,000 and 100,000 people. The queue was the only aspect of Manchu culture which the Qing forced on the common Han population. The Qing required people serving as officials to wear Manchu clothing, but allowed non-official Han civilians to continue wearing Hanfu (Han clothing).

question: What did Dorgon declare in July of 1645?, answer: the "haircutting order") | question: What was the peoples description of the haircutting order?, answer: "To keep the hair, you lose the head; To keep your head, you cut the hair." | question: How did the Ming's typically wear their hair>, answer: top-knot | question: What city was massacred for not wearing the proper haircut?, answer: Jiading
Double deck elevators are used in the Taipei 101 office tower. Tenants of even-numbered floors first take an escalator (or an elevator from the parking garage) to the 2nd level, where they will enter the upper deck and arrive at their floors. The lower deck is turned off during low-volume hours, and the upper deck can act as a single-level elevator stopping at all adjacent floors. For example, the 85th floor restaurants can be accessed from the 60th floor sky-lobby. Restaurant customers must clear their reservations at the reception counter on the 2nd floor. A bank of express elevators stop only on the sky lobby levels (36 and 60, upper-deck car), where tenants can transfer to "local" elevators.

question: What type of elevators are used in the Taipei 101 office tower?, answer: Double deck elevators | question: During what hours is the lower deck turned off?, answer: low-volume hours | question: During the low volume hours, what can the upper deck function as?, answer: a single-level elevator stopping at all adjacent floors | question: On what floor must restaurant customers clear their reservations?, answer: at the reception counter on the 2nd floor | question: What levels make up the "sky lobby"?, answer: 36 and 60, upper-deck car
Double fertilization refers to a process in which two sperm cells fertilize cells in the ovary. This process begins when a pollen grain adheres to the stigma of the pistil (female reproductive structure), germinates, and grows a long pollen tube. While this pollen tube is growing, a haploid generative cell travels down the tube behind the tube nucleus. The generative cell divides by mitosis to produce two haploid (n) sperm cells. As the pollen tube grows, it makes its way from the stigma, down the style and into the ovary. Here the pollen tube reaches the micropyle of the ovule and digests its way into one of the synergids, releasing its contents (which include the sperm cells). The synergid that the cells were released into degenerates and one sperm makes its way to fertilize the egg cell, producing a diploid (2n) zygote. The second sperm cell fuses with both central cell nuclei, producing a triploid (3n) cell. As the zygote develops into an embryo, the triploid cell develops into the endosperm, which serves as the embryo's food supply. The ovary now will develop into fruit and the ovule will develop into seed.

question: What process does double fertilization refer to?, answer: two sperm cells fertilize cells in the ovary | question: What does a pollen grain adhere to, to start the process of double fertilization?, answer: the stigma of the pistil | question: What type of cell travels down the pollen tube while it's growing?, answer: haploid generative | question: Where does the pollen tube release its sperm cells?, answer: one of the synergids | question: What serves as the embryo's food supply?, answer: endosperm
Doubly fed electric motors have two independent multiphase winding sets, which contribute active (i.e., working) power to the energy conversion process, with at least one of the winding sets electronically controlled for variable speed operation. Two independent multiphase winding sets (i.e., dual armature) are the maximum provided in a single package without topology duplication. Doubly-fed electric motors are machines with an effective constant torque speed range that is twice synchronous speed for a given frequency of excitation. This is twice the constant torque speed range as singly-fed electric machines, which have only one active winding set.

question: What type of motor has two independent multiphase winding sets?, answer: Doubly fed electric motors | question: What advanage do independent multiphase winding sets have?, answer: contribute active (i.e., working) power to the energy conversion process | question: What is one of the independent multiphase winding sets configured for?, answer: variable speed operation | question: Doubly fed motors have what advantage over single fed?, answer: twice the constant torque speed range
Doubts remained over the authority of the Belavezha Accords to disband the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics. However, on December 21, 1991, representatives of 11 of the 12 former republics – all except Georgia – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, which confirmed the dissolution of the Union and formally established the CIS. They also "accepted" Gorbachev's resignation. While Gorbachev hadn't made any formal plans to leave the scene yet, he did tell CBS News that he would resign as soon as he saw that the CIS was indeed a reality.

question: Which republic did not sign the Alma-Ata Protocol?, answer: Georgia | question: How many of the former republics had representatives sign the Protocol?, answer: 11 | question: What did the Protocol establish?, answer: CIS | question: What was dissolved by the Protocol?, answer: Union | question: Which news organization did Gorbachev talk to about his resignation plans?, answer: CBS
Doug Morris, who was head of Warner Music Group, then Universal Music, became chairman and CEO of the company on July 1, 2011. Sony Music underwent a restructuring after Morris' arrival. He was joined by L.A. Reid, who became the chairman and CEO of Epic Records. Under Reid, multiple artists from the Jive half of the former RCA/Jive Label Group moved to Epic. Peter Edge became the new CEO of the RCA Records unit. The RCA Music Group closed down Arista, J Records and Jive Records in October 2011, with the artists from those labels being moved to RCA Records.

question: What famous music producer became CEO of Epic Records?, answer: L.A. Reid | question: Who joined the CEO of Epic Records in becoming the CEO of Sony Music?, answer: Doug Morris | question: In what year did he become the CEO of Sony Music?, answer: 2011 | question: Who became the CEO of RCA Records?, answer: Peter Edge | question: What labels did RCA disband in 2011?, answer: Arista, J Records and Jive Records
Douglas's business grew astronomically with the onset of World War II, employing as many as 44,000 people in 1943. To defend against air attack set designers from the Warner Brothers Studios prepared elaborate camouflage that disguised the factory and airfield. The RAND Corporation began as a project of the Douglas Company in 1945, and spun off into an independent think tank on May 14, 1948. RAND eventually acquired a 15-acre (61,000 m²) campus centrally located between the Civic Center and the pier entrance.

question: What brought on the Douglas business's company growth?, answer: World War II | question: How many people did the company employ in 1943?, answer: 44,000 | question: The company used camouflage from what designers?, answer: Warner Brothers Studios | question: What company started as a project in 1945?, answer: RAND | question: What was the camouflage designed to do?, answer: defend against air attack
Dowding accepted that as AOC, he was responsible for the day and night defence of Britain, and the blame, should he fail, would be laid at his door. When urgent changes and improvements needed to be made, Dowding seemed reluctant to act quickly. The Air Staff felt that this was due to his stubborn nature and reluctance to cooperate. Dowding's opponents in the Air Ministry, already critical of his handling of the day battle (see Battle of Britain Day and the Big Wing controversy), were ready to use these failings as a cudgel with which to attack him and his abilities.

question: Who was reluctant to act quickly when urgent changes need to be made?, answer: Dowding | question: Who thought Dowding was stubborn and didn't like to cooperate?, answer: Air Staff | question: What did the Air Ministry plan to do with his failures?, answer: attack him and his abilities | question: The Air Ministry was critical of Dowding after which battle?, answer: Battle of Britain Day
Dowding was summoned to an Air Ministry conference on 17 October 1940 to explain the poor state of night defences and the supposed (but ultimately successful) "failure" of his daytime strategy. The criticism of his leadership extended far beyond the Air Council, and the Minister of Aircraft Production, Lord Beaverbrook, and Churchill themselves intimated their support was waning. While the failure of night defence preparation was undeniable, it was not the AOC's responsibility to accrue resources. The general neglect of the RAF until the late spurt in 1938 had left sparse resources to build defences. While it was permissible to disagree with Dowding's operational and tactical deployment of forces, the failure of the Government and Air Ministry to allot resources was ultimately the responsibility of the civil and military institutions at large. In the pre-war period, the Chamberlain Government stated that night defence from air attack should not take up much of the national effort and, along with the Air Ministry, did not make it a priority.

question: Who was summoned to the Air Ministry conference on October 17, 1940?, answer: Dowding | question: Lord Beaverbrook and Churchill's support of Dowding was what?, answer: waning | question: Neglect of the RAF until 1938 caused what to happen?, answer: sparse resources to build defences | question: The Air Ministry and which other group decided to not make night defense a top priority?, answer: Chamberlain Government
Downstream operations, which now also includes the chemicals business, generates a third of Shell's profits worldwide and is known for its global network of more than 40,000 petrol stations and its 47 oil refineries. The downstream business, which in some countries also included oil refining, generally included a retail petrol station network, lubricants manufacture and marketing, industrial fuel and lubricants sales and a host of other product/market sectors such as LPG and bitumen. The practice in Shell was that these businesses were essentially local and that they were best managed by local "operating companies" – often with middle and senior management reinforced by expatriates. In the 1990s, this paradigm began to change, and the independence of operating companies around the world was gradually reduced. Today, virtually all of Shell's operations in various businesses are much more directly managed from London and The Hague. The autonomy of "operating companies" has been largely removed, as more "global businesses" have been created.

question: Downstream operations currently includes what type of business?, answer: chemicals | question: Downstream operations produces what percent of Shell's profits worldwide?, answer: a third | question: How many petrol stationsare included in Shell's downstream operations global network?, answer: more than 40,000 | question: Prior to the 1990s, Shell's downstream businesses were essentially considered what kind of businesses?, answer: local | question: In what way did the business paradigm of Shell's downstream operations begin to change?, answer: the independence of operating companies around the world was gradually reduced
Downtown Boston's streets grew organically, so they do not form a planned grid, unlike those in later-developed Back Bay, East Boston, the South End, and South Boston. Boston is the eastern terminus of I-90, which in Massachusetts runs along the Massachusetts Turnpike. The elevated portion of the Central Artery, which carried most of the through traffic in downtown Boston, was replaced with the O'Neill Tunnel during the Big Dig, substantially completed in early 2006.

question: How did the streets of downtown Boston grow?, answer: organically | question: Boston is at the East end of what Interstate?, answer: I-90 | question: What year was the O'neill tunnel put in place?, answer: 2006 | question: The streets of Back bay grew into a what?, answer: planned grid
Downtown Miami is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and many large national and international companies. The Civic Center is a major center for hospitals, research institutes, medical centers, and biotechnology industries. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known as the "Cruise Capital of the World", has been the number one cruise passenger port in the world. It accommodates some of the world's largest cruise ships and operations, and is the busiest port in both passenger traffic and cruise lines.

question: What does downtown Miami possess more of than any other US city?, answer: international banks | question: Along with cruise lines, in what traffic does Miami's port rank first?, answer: passenger | question: What is called the "Cruise Capital of the World"?, answer: Port of Miami | question: How long has Miami been the world's top cruise passenger port?, answer: two decades | question: Along with hospitals, medical centers and biotechnology industries, what is notably present in the Civic Center?, answer: research institutes
Downtown New Haven, occupied by nearly 7,000 residents, has a more residential character than most downtowns. The downtown area provides about half of the city's jobs and half of its tax base and in recent years has become filled with dozens of new upscale restaurants, several of which have garnered national praise (such as Ibiza, recognized by Esquire and Wine Spectator magazines as well as the New York Times as the best Spanish food in the country), in addition to shops and thousands of apartments and condominium units which subsequently help overall growth of the city.

question: Approximately how many residents make up the population of downtown New Haven?, answer: 7,000 | question: What downtown New Haven restaurant was cited by the New York Times, Esquire and Wine Spectator for its outstanding Spanish cuisine?, answer: Ibiza | question: Downtown New Haven contributes approximately what amount of the overall tax base for the area?, answer: half | question: Downtown New Haven contributes approximately how many jobs to the city?, answer: about half | question: How many people live in downtown New Haven?, answer: 7,000 residents | question: In terms of economy the downtown portion is responsible for what?, answer: half of the city's jobs | question: Of the downtown area what gets the most positive media coverage?, answer: new upscale restaurants | question: What has help the most with the continuous growth within the area?, answer: thousands of apartments and condominium
Downtown Oklahoma City, which has 7,600 residents, is currently seeing an influx of new private investment and large scale public works projects, which have helped to resuscitate a central business district left almost deserted by the Oil Bust of the early 1980s. The centerpiece of downtown is the newly renovated Crystal Bridge and Myriad Botanical Gardens, one of the few elements of the Pei Plan to be completed. In the next few years a massive new central park will link the gardens near the CBD and the new convention center to be built just south of it to the North Canadian River, as part of a massive works project known as Core to Shore; the new park is part of MAPS3, a collection of civic projects funded by a 1-cent temporary (seven-year) sales tax increase.

question: What are two newly renovated locations in downtown Oklahoma city?, answer: Crystal Bridge and Myriad Botanical Gardens