lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
As a result of these initiatives northeastern Florida prospered economically in a way it never did under Spanish rule. Furthermore, the British governors were directed to call general assemblies as soon as possible in order to make laws for the Floridas and in the meantime they were, with the advice of councils, to establish courts. This would be the first introduction of much of the English-derived legal system which Florida still has today including trial by jury, habeas corpus and county-based government. Neither East Florida nor West Florida would send any representatives to Philadelphia to draft the Declaration of Independence. Florida would remain a Loyalist stronghold for the duration of the American Revolution.

question: What legal system was introduced by the British in Florida, answer: British governors were directed to call general assemblies | question: Did Florida send Representatives to Philadelphia for the Declaration of Independence, answer: Neither East Florida nor West Florida would send any representatives to Philadelphia to draft the Declaration of Independence | question: Who did Florida side with during the revolution, answer: Florida would remain a Loyalist stronghold for the duration of the American Revolution. | question: What legal system is still used by florida, answer: English-derived legal system which Florida still has today including trial by jury, habeas corpus and county-based government
As a result, in 1979, Sony and Philips set up a joint task force of engineers to design a new digital audio disc. Led by engineers Kees Schouhamer Immink and Toshitada Doi, the research pushed forward laser and optical disc technology. After a year of experimentation and discussion, the task force produced the Red Book CD-DA standard. First published in 1980, the standard was formally adopted by the IEC as an international standard in 1987, with various amendments becoming part of the standard in 1996.

question: In what year did Sony and Philips band together to design a new digital audio disc?, answer: 1979 | question: What year was the Red Book CD-DA standard released?, answer: 1980 | question: When did the IEC isntigate the Red Book CD-DA as an international standard?, answer: 1987 | question: Who headed the 1979 Sony and Philips digital audio disc task force?, answer: Kees Schouhamer Immink and Toshitada Doi
As a result, they broke up in 1979, but remained close friends. Then in 1984 they renewed their romance, and in November 1985, they married, already having had a son, Max Samuel. After three and a half years of marriage, however, many of the same competing stresses of their careers caused them to divorce in 1989. They agreed to maintain homes near each other as to facilitate the shared custody and parenting of their son.:403 Their divorce was recorded as the third most costly celebrity divorce in history.

question: When did Spielberg and Irving initially break up?, answer: 1979 | question: When did Spielberg and Irving get back together?, answer: 1984 | question: When did Spielberg and Irving marry?, answer: November 1985 | question: When did Spielberg and Irving divorce?, answer: 1989 | question: How expensive was Spielberg and Irving's divorce?, answer: third most costly celebrity divorce in history
As a schoolboy, Gaddafi adopted the ideologies of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, influenced in particular by Nasserism, the thought of Egyptian revolutionary and president Gamal Abdel Nasser, whom Gaddafi adopted as his hero. During the early 1970s, Gaddafi formulated his own particular approach to Arab nationalism and socialism, known as Third International Theory, which has been described as a combination of "utopian socialism, Arab nationalism, and the Third World revolutionary theory that was in vogue at the time". He laid out the principles of this Theory in the three volumes of The Green Book, in which he sought to "explain the structure of the ideal society." His Arab nationalist views led him to believe that there needed to be unity across the Arab world, combining the Arab nation under a single nation-state. He described his approach to economics as "Islamic socialism", although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that Gaddafi's socialism had a "curiously Marxist undertone", with political scientist Sami Hajjar arguing that Gaddafi's model of socialism offered a simplification of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' theories. Gaddafi saw his socialist Jamahiriyah as a model for the Arab, Islamic, and non-aligned worlds to follow.

question: What philosophy was named for Gamal Abdel Nasser?, answer: Nasserism | question: What did Gaddafi call his political philosophy created in the 1970s?, answer: Third International Theory | question: What philosophy was combined with socialism and nationalism to form Third International Theory?, answer: Third World revolutionary theory | question: The Green Book consisted of how many volumes?, answer: three | question: What is the occupation of Sami Hajjar?, answer: political scientist
As a side effect of the electrochemical processes used by neurons for signaling, brain tissue generates electric fields when it is active. When large numbers of neurons show synchronized activity, the electric fields that they generate can be large enough to detect outside the skull, using electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG). EEG recordings, along with recordings made from electrodes implanted inside the brains of animals such as rats, show that the brain of a living animal is constantly active, even during sleep. Each part of the brain shows a mixture of rhythmic and nonrhythmic activity, which may vary according to behavioral state. In mammals, the cerebral cortex tends to show large slow delta waves during sleep, faster alpha waves when the animal is awake but inattentive, and chaotic-looking irregular activity when the animal is actively engaged in a task. During an epileptic seizure, the brain's inhibitory control mechanisms fail to function and electrical activity rises to pathological levels, producing EEG traces that show large wave and spike patterns not seen in a healthy brain. Relating these population-level patterns to the computational functions of individual neurons is a major focus of current research in neurophysiology.

question: An EEG of the brain stands for what?, answer: electroencephalography | question: MEG of the brain is an abbreviation of what?, answer: magnetoencephalography | question: What type of test is used to tell that a brain is active even during sleep?, answer: EEG | question: What type of brain waves are seen in mammals during sleep?, answer: large slow delta waves | question: What type of brain waves are sen when a creature is awake, but inattentive?, answer: faster alpha waves
As a teenager, he was greatly troubled by the Metaphysics of Aristotle, which he could not understand until he read al-Farabi's commentary on the work. For the next year and a half, he studied philosophy, in which he encountered greater obstacles. In such moments of baffled inquiry, he would leave his books, perform the requisite ablutions, then go to the mosque, and continue in prayer till light broke on his difficulties. Deep into the night, he would continue his studies, and even in his dreams problems would pursue him and work out their solution. Forty times, it is said, he read through the Metaphysics of Aristotle, till the words were imprinted on his memory; but their meaning was hopelessly obscure, until one day they found illumination, from the little commentary by Farabi, which he bought at a bookstall for the small sum of three dirhams. So great was his joy at the discovery, made with the help of a work from which he had expected only mystery, that he hastened to return thanks to God, and bestowed alms upon the poor.

question: What text could Avicenna not understand?, answer: the Metaphysics of Aristotle | question: What helped Avicenna understand the Metaphysics of Aristotle?, answer: al-Farabi's commentary | question: How long did Avicenna study philosophy?, answer: year and a half | question: How many times did Avicenna read through the Metaphysics of Aristotle?, answer: Forty times | question: How much did Avicenna pay for the book that helped him understand the Aristotle text?, answer: three dirhams
As a uniformed military service, the Army is part of the Department of the Army, which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant, the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY), and by a chief military officer, the Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In the fiscal year 2016, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 475,000 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 342,000 soldiers, and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) had 198,000 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,015,000 soldiers. As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is "to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained, land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders." The service participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force.

question: How many military departments does the Department of Defense have?, answer: three | question: What does SECARMY stand for?, answer: Secretary of the Army | question: What does CSA stand for?, answer: Chief of Staff of the Army | question: At the end of 2016, how many soldiers were in the Regular Army?, answer: 475,000 | question: How many soldiers were there in the entire U.S. Army at the end of 2016?, answer: 1,015,000
As a young child, Bell, like his brothers, received his early schooling at home from his father. At an early age, however, he was enrolled at the Royal High School, Edinburgh, Scotland, which he left at age 15, completing only the first four forms. His school record was undistinguished, marked by absenteeism and lacklustre grades. His main interest remained in the sciences, especially biology, while he treated other school subjects with indifference, to the dismay of his demanding father. Upon leaving school, Bell travelled to London to live with his grandfather, Alexander Bell. During the year he spent with his grandfather, a love of learning was born, with long hours spent in serious discussion and study. The elder Bell took great efforts to have his young pupil learn to speak clearly and with conviction, the attributes that his pupil would need to become a teacher himself. At age 16, Bell secured a position as a "pupil-teacher" of elocution and music, in Weston House Academy, at Elgin, Moray, Scotland. Although he was enrolled as a student in Latin and Greek, he instructed classes himself in return for board and £10 per session. The following year, he attended the University of Edinburgh; joining his older brother Melville who had enrolled there the previous year. In 1868, not long before he departed for Canada with his family, Bell completed his matriculation exams and was accepted for admission to the University of London.

question: Who taught Bell when he was very young?, answer: father | question: What school did Bell leave at 15?, answer: Royal High School | question: What was Bell's favorite subject?, answer: biology | question: How old was Bell when he became a "pupil-teacher"?, answer: 16
As advances and specialization have made new scientific research inaccessible to most audiences, the "literary" nature of science writing has become less pronounced over the last two centuries. Now, science appears mostly in journals. Scientific works of Aristotle, Copernicus, and Newton still exhibit great value, but since the science in them has largely become outdated, they no longer serve for scientific instruction. Yet, they remain too technical to sit well in most programmes of literary study. Outside of "history of science" programmes, students rarely read such works.

question: What two elements have reduced the literary nature of scientific journals?, answer: advances and specialization | question: The segregation of science writing means that articles in those subjects primarily appear where?, answer: journals | question: The work of what classical scientists is caught between being outdated and of literary importance?, answer: Aristotle, Copernicus, and Newton | question: In what coursework is one still likely to encounter the works of these classic scientists?, answer: "history of science" programmes
As aircraft started to be used against ground targets on the battlefield, the AA guns could not be traversed quickly enough at close targets and, being relatively few, were not always in the right place (and were often unpopular with other troops), so changed positions frequently. Soon the forces were adding various machine-gun based weapons mounted on poles. These short-range weapons proved more deadly, and the "Red Baron" is believed to have been shot down by an anti-aircraft Vickers machine gun. When the war ended, it was clear that the increasing capabilities of aircraft would require better means of acquiring targets and aiming at them. Nevertheless, a pattern had been set: anti-aircraft weapons would be based around heavy weapons attacking high-altitude targets and lighter weapons for use when they came to lower altitudes.

question: What was many times unpopular with other troops?, answer: AA guns | question: What was mounted on poles by forces?, answer: machine-gun based weapons | question: What type of weapon is thought to have shot down the Red Baron?, answer: anti-aircraft Vickers machine gun | question: What made acquiring targets and aiming more required?, answer: increasing capabilities of aircraft | question: Heavy weapons shot at high-altitude targets and what shot at low-altitude targets?, answer: lighter weapons
As an academic field, history of science began with the publication of William Whewell's History of the Inductive Sciences (first published in 1837). A more formal study of the history of science as an independent discipline was launched by George Sarton's publications, Introduction to the History of Science (1927) and the Isis journal (founded in 1912). Sarton exemplified the early 20th-century view of the history of science as the history of great men and great ideas. He shared with many of his contemporaries a Whiggish belief in history as a record of the advances and delays in the march of progress. The history of science was not a recognized subfield of American history in this period, and most of the work was carried out by interested scientists and physicians rather than professional historians. With the work of I. Bernard Cohen at Harvard, the history of science became an established subdiscipline of history after 1945.

question: What text is the foundation of the study of the history of science?, answer: History of the Inductive Sciences | question: Who wrote a more professional version of History of the Inductive Sciences?, answer: George Sarton's | question: What was the history of science during the 20th century?, answer: the history of great men and great ideas | question: How could Sarton's ideas be described?, answer: Whiggish | question: Who studied the history of science?, answer: interested scientists and physicians
As an academic field, philosophy of education is "the philosophical study of education and its problems (...) its central subject matter is education, and its methods are those of philosophy". "The philosophy of education may be either the philosophy of the process of education or the philosophy of the discipline of education. That is, it may be part of the discipline in the sense of being concerned with the aims, forms, methods, or results of the process of educating or being educated; or it may be metadisciplinary in the sense of being concerned with the concepts, aims, and methods of the discipline." As such, it is both part of the field of education and a field of applied philosophy, drawing from fields of metaphysics, epistemology, axiology and the philosophical approaches (speculative, prescriptive, and/or analytic) to address questions in and about pedagogy, education policy, and curriculum, as well as the process of learning, to name a few. For example, it might study what constitutes upbringing and education, the values and norms revealed through upbringing and educational practices, the limits and legitimization of education as an academic discipline, and the relation between education theory and practice.

question: What can Philosophy education be when we talk about the process?, answer: philosophy of the process of education or the philosophy of the discipline of education | question: What defines Philosophy education?, answer: the philosophical study of education and its problems | question: What fields make up field education and a field applied philosophy?, answer: metaphysics, epistemology, axiology and the philosophical approaches
As an adolescent, he had a particular love of theology and the Scriptures became the foundation of his spirituality. During his studies in Palencia, Spain, he experienced a dreadful famine, prompting Dominic to sell all of his beloved books and other equipment to help his neighbors. After he completed his studies, Bishop Martin Bazan and Prior Diego d'Achebes appointed Dominic to the cathedral chapter and he became a regular canon under the Rule of St. Augustine and the Constitutions for the cathedral church of Osma. At the age of twenty-four or twenty-five, he was ordained to the priesthood.

question: What subject did Dominic particularly love?, answer: theology | question: Why did Dominic sell his books?, answer: to help his neighbors | question: In what country did Dominic experience a great famine?, answer: Spain | question: At around what age was Dominic ordained as a Priest?, answer: twenty-five | question: After completing his studies, under whose rule did he become a regular canon?, answer: St. Augustine
As an electro-magnetic wave travels through the different parts of the antenna system (radio, feed line, antenna, free space) it may encounter differences in impedance (E/H, V/I, etc.). At each interface, depending on the impedance match, some fraction of the wave's energy will reflect back to the source, forming a standing wave in the feed line. The ratio of maximum power to minimum power in the wave can be measured and is called the standing wave ratio (SWR). A SWR of 1:1 is ideal. A SWR of 1.5:1 is considered to be marginally acceptable in low power applications where power loss is more critical, although an SWR as high as 6:1 may still be usable with the right equipment. Minimizing impedance differences at each interface (impedance matching) will reduce SWR and maximize power transfer through each part of the antenna system.

question: What is one piece that makes up an antenna system?, answer: radio | question: What is created by a portion of a radio waves energy reversing?, answer: standing wave | question: A term that refers to the highs and lows of power in electro magnetic waves is?, answer: standing wave ratio | question: Impedance matching makes an important difference in what antenna function?, answer: power transfer
As an example, Santiago de Compostela, the political capital city, has an average of 129 rainy days and 1,362 millimetres (53.6 in) per year (with just 17 rainy days in the three summer months) and 2,101 sunlight hours per year, with just 6 days with frosts per year. But the colder city of Lugo, to the east, has an average of 1,759 sunlight hours per year, 117 days with precipitations (> 1 mm) totalling 901.54 millimetres (35.5 in), and 40 days with frosts per year. The more mountainous parts of the provinces of Ourense and Lugo receive significant snowfall during the winter months. The sunniest city is Pontevedra with 2,223 sunny hours per year.

question: What is the political capital city?, answer: Santiago de Compostela | question: How many rainy days does it typically have?, answer: 129 | question: How many days with frosts?, answer: 6 | question: A colder city like Lugo has how many days with frosts?, answer: 40 | question: Its sunniest city, Pontevedra, gets how may hours of sunlight per year?, answer: 2,223
As an important railroad and road junction and production center, Hanover was a major target for strategic bombing during World War II, including the Oil Campaign. Targets included the AFA (Stöcken), the Deurag-Nerag refinery (Misburg), the Continental plants (Vahrenwald and Limmer), the United light metal works (VLW) in Ricklingen and Laatzen (today Hanover fairground), the Hanover/Limmer rubber reclamation plant, the Hanomag factory (Linden) and the tank factory M.N.H. Maschinenfabrik Niedersachsen (Badenstedt). Forced labourers were sometimes used from the Hannover-Misburg subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp. Residential areas were also targeted, and more than 6,000 civilians were killed by the Allied bombing raids. More than 90% of the city center was destroyed in a total of 88 bombing raids. After the war, the Aegidienkirche was not rebuilt and its ruins were left as a war memorial.

question: Other than for railroads and road junction, what did Hanover have that made it a major target?, answer: production center | question: Which campaign specifically was Hanover a target for in World War II?, answer: Oil Campaign | question: What does VLW stand for?, answer: United light metal works | question: How many civilians were killed in the Allied bombing raids in World War II?, answer: more than 6,000 | question: How many bombing raids were there during World War II?, answer: 88
As an initial response, Truman called for a naval blockade of North Korea, and was shocked to learn that such a blockade could be imposed only 'on paper', since the U.S. Navy no longer had the warships with which to carry out his request. In fact, because of the extensive defense cuts and the emphasis placed on building a nuclear bomber force, none of the services were in a position to make a robust response with conventional military strength. General Omar Bradley, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, was faced with re-organizing and deploying an American military force that was a shadow of its World War II counterpart. The impact of the Truman administration's defense budget cutbacks were now keenly felt, as American troops fought a series of costly rearguard actions. Lacking sufficient anti-tank weapons, artillery or armor, they were driven back down the Korean peninsula to Pusan. In a postwar analysis of the unpreparedness of U.S. Army forces deployed to Korea during the summer and fall of 1950, Army Major General Floyd L. Parks stated that "Many who never lived to tell the tale had to fight the full range of ground warfare from offensive to delaying action, unit by unit, man by man ... [T]hat we were able to snatch victory from the jaws of defeat ... does not relieve us from the blame of having placed our own flesh and blood in such a predicament."

question: Why was the US naval blockade not feasible?, answer: U.S. Navy no longer had the warships | question: Why was the US not able to provide an adequate response to the Korean invasion?, answer: defense budget cutbacks | question: Who was tasked with reorganization and deploying of the US military?, answer: General Omar Bradley | question: Who was forced to retreat back to the Pusan Peninsula due to unpreparedness?, answer: American troops | question: Who stated that winning the war does not excuse putting US troops into a bad situation?, answer: Major General Floyd L. Parks