lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
One study showed that Czech and Slovak lexicons differed by 80 percent, but this high percentage was found to stem primarily from differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation; Slovak morphology is more regular (when changing from the nominative to the locative case, Praha becomes Praze in Czech and Prahe in Slovak). The two lexicons are generally considered similar, with most differences in colloquial vocabulary and some scientific terminology. Slovak has slightly more borrowed words than Czech.

question: How much do the lexicons of Czech and Slovak differ, according to on study?, answer: by 80 percent | question: What was the high percentage of differing lexicons found to derive from?, answer: differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation | question: When is Slovak morphology more regular than Czech?, answer: when changing from the nominative to the locative case | question: The most differences between Czech and Slovak can be found in colloquial vocabulary as well as what?, answer: some scientific terminology | question: What does Slovak have slightly more of than Czech?, answer: borrowed words
One such institution is the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSAD) founded by and located centrally at Oxford University, Great Britain. Among its many activities CSAD numbers "a long-term project to create a library of digitised images of Greek inscriptions." These it arranges by region. The Egypt and the Near East region besides Egypt includes Cyprus, Persia and Afghanistan but not Asia Minor (a separate region).

question: What does CSAD stand for?, answer: Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents | question: Who founded the CSAD?, answer: Oxford University | question: Where is Oxford University?, answer: Great Britain
One usage—the more common among linguists—refers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class. A dialect that is associated with a particular social class can be termed a sociolect, a dialect that is associated with a particular ethnic group can be termed as ethnolect, and a regional dialect may be termed a regiolect. According to this definition, any variety of a language constitutes "a dialect", including any standard varieties.

question: What is the common definition of dialect?, answer: a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers | question: What is the term dialect most often applied to?, answer: regional speech patterns | question: Aside from region, what is an example of a factor that may influence dialect?, answer: social class | question: What is a term for a dialect particular to a social class?, answer: sociolect | question: What do you call a dialect particular to a certain ethnicity?, answer: ethnolect
One use of the term "computer security" refers to technology that is used to implement secure operating systems. In the 1980s the United States Department of Defense (DoD) used the "Orange Book" standards, but the current international standard ISO/IEC 15408, "Common Criteria" defines a number of progressively more stringent Evaluation Assurance Levels. Many common operating systems meet the EAL4 standard of being "Methodically Designed, Tested and Reviewed", but the formal verification required for the highest levels means that they are uncommon. An example of an EAL6 ("Semiformally Verified Design and Tested") system is Integrity-178B, which is used in the Airbus A380 and several military jets.

question: Technology that is used to implement secure operating systems is one use of what term?, answer: computer security | question: What does EAL stand for?, answer: Evaluation Assurance Levels | question: What is the standard of EAL4?, answer: Methodically Designed, Tested and Reviewed | question: What is the standard for EAL6?, answer: Semiformally Verified Design and Tested | question: What is an example of a system that meets EAL6?, answer: Integrity-178B
One wave of the population boom ended abruptly in the mid-1980s, as oil prices fell precipitously. The space industry also suffered in 1986 after the Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated shortly after launch. There was a cutback in some activities for a period. In the late 1980s, the city's economy suffered from the nationwide recession. After the early 1990s recession, Houston made efforts to diversify its economy by focusing on aerospace and health care/biotechnology, and reduced its dependence on the petroleum industry. Since the increase of oil prices in the 2000s, the petroleum industry has again increased its share of the local economy.

question: In what year did the space shuttle Challenger explode after launch?, answer: 1986 | question: Why did Houston's economy have problems in the late 1980's?, answer: the nationwide recession | question: In the 1990's, what is something Houston did to try to diversify it's economy?, answer: reduced its dependence on the petroleum industry | question: The petroleum industry has become a larger part of Houston's economy again for what reason?, answer: the increase of oil prices in the 2000s | question: What caused population growth to decline in the 1980s?, answer: oil prices fell | question: When did Houston begin to regain its dependence on the oil industry?, answer: 2000s | question: What did Houston focus on after the 1990s recession to improve its economy?, answer: aerospace and health care | question: When did Houston suffer an economic decline?, answer: late 1980s | question: Which shuttle disintegrated in 1986 to cause a decline in the space industry?, answer: Space Shuttle Challenger
One way of proving that a given disease is "infectious", is to satisfy Koch's postulates (first proposed by Robert Koch), which demands that the infectious agent be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease. These postulates were first used in the discovery that Mycobacteria species cause tuberculosis. Koch's postulates can not be applied ethically for many human diseases because they require experimental infection of a healthy individual with a pathogen produced as a pure culture. Often, even clearly infectious diseases do not meet the infectious criteria. For example, Treponema pallidum, the causative spirochete of syphilis, cannot be cultured in vitro - however the organism can be cultured in rabbit testes. It is less clear that a pure culture comes from an animal source serving as host than it is when derived from microbes derived from plate culture. Epidemiology is another important tool used to study disease in a population. For infectious diseases it helps to determine if a disease outbreak is sporadic (occasional occurrence), endemic (regular cases often occurring in a region), epidemic (an unusually high number of cases in a region), or pandemic (a global epidemic).

question: What is one way of proving that a given disease is infectious?, answer: satisfy Koch's postulates | question: What must an infectious agent only be identified in to satisfy the first of Koch's postulates?, answer: patients and not in healthy controls | question: What is Koch's second postulate?, answer: patients who contract the agent also develop the disease | question: Why can't Koch's postulates be applied ethically for many human diseases?, answer: because they require experimental infection of a healthy individual | question: What is the causative spirochete of syphilis?, answer: Treponema pallidum
One way to decrease stigma may be through the promotion of "TB clubs", where those infected may share experiences and offer support, or through counseling. Some studies have shown TB education programs to be effective in decreasing stigma, and may thus be effective in increasing treatment adherence. Despite this, studies on relationship between reduced stigma and mortality are lacking as of 2010, and similar efforts to decrease stigma surrounding AIDS have been minimally effective. Some have claimed the stigma to be worse than the disease, and healthcare providers may unintentionally reinforce stigma, as those with TB are often perceived as difficult or otherwise undesirable. A greater understanding of the social and cultural dimensions of tuberculosis may also help with stigma reduction.

question: What groups might help tuberculosis patients share with and support each other?, answer: TB clubs | question: Education about TB seems to decrease the stigma of the disease and lead to what other positive effect?, answer: increasing treatment adherence | question: What do some people say is even worse than the effects of tuberculosis itself?, answer: the stigma | question: What group of people can add to the TB stigma by treating patients as troublesome or unwanted?, answer: healthcare providers | question: As recently as what year were there no studies on how TB mortality is connected to stigma?, answer: 2010
One way to divide hunter-gatherer groups is by their return systems. James Woodburn uses the categories "immediate return" hunter-gatherers for egalitarian and "delayed return" for nonegalitarian. Immediate return foragers consume their food within a day or two after they procure it. Delayed return foragers store the surplus food (Kelly, 31).

question: What does the immediate return system mean?, answer: egalitarian | question: To what kind of group does the delayed return system belong?, answer: nonegalitarian | question: Which group eats their acquired food in a day or two?, answer: immediate return
One-color light is well suited for traffic lights and signals, exit signs, emergency vehicle lighting, ships' navigation lights or lanterns (chromacity and luminance standards being set under the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972, Annex I and the CIE) and LED-based Christmas lights. In cold climates, LED traffic lights may remain snow-covered. Red or yellow LEDs are used in indicator and alphanumeric displays in environments where night vision must be retained: aircraft cockpits, submarine and ship bridges, astronomy observatories, and in the field, e.g. night time animal watching and military field use.

question: What type of light is ideal for traffic signals?, answer: One-color light | question: In what year were luminescence standards set?, answer: 1972 | question: What color LEDs are used when night vision is important?, answer: Red or yellow | question: What is an example of a night vision needed area?, answer: astronomy observatories | question: What is another use for one-color light?, answer: exit signs
One-third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. New infections occur in about 1% of the population each year. In 2014, there were 9.6 million cases of active TB which resulted in 1.5 million deaths. More than 95% of deaths occurred in developing countries. The number of new cases each year has decreased since 2000. About 80% of people in many Asian and African countries test positive while 5–10% of people in the United States population tests positive by the tuberculin test. Tuberculosis has been present in humans since ancient times.

question: How much of the entire population of the planet is estimated to be carrying tuberculosis?, answer: One-third | question: How many cases of tuberculosis were active over the course of 2014?, answer: 9.6 million | question: In 2014, how many people died from TB?, answer: 1.5 million | question: Does the majority of fatalities from TB occur in developing countries or industrialized nations?, answer: developing countries | question: Has TB infection increased or decreased worldwide since the start of the 21st century?, answer: decreased
Ongoing political tensions between Great Britain and the thirteen colonies reached a crisis in 1774 when the British placed the province of Massachusetts under martial law after the Patriots protested taxes they regarded as a violation of their constitutional rights as Englishmen. When shooting began at Lexington and Concord in April 1775, militia units from across New England rushed to Boston and bottled up the British in the city. The Continental Congress appointed George Washington as commander-in-chief of the newly created Continental Army, which was augmented throughout the war by colonial militia. He drove the British out of Boston but in late summer 1776 they returned to New York and nearly captured Washington's army. Meanwhile, the revolutionaries expelled British officials from the 13 states, and declared themselves an independent nation on July 4, 1776.

question: When did Britain declare martial law in a North American colony?, answer: 1774 | question: What colony was placed under martial law?, answer: Massachusetts | question: What were the first conflicts of the American Revolution?, answer: Lexington and Concord | question: Who appointed Washington to serve as commander in chief?, answer: The Continental Congress | question: When did the colonies declare independence?, answer: July 4, 1776
Only 14% of the population speaks Portuguese, established as the official language in the colonial period. Almost half the population (44%) speaks Crioulo, a Portuguese-based creole language, and the remainder speak a variety of native African languages. The main religions are African traditional religions and Islam; there is a Christian (mostly Roman Catholic) minority. The country's per-capita gross domestic product is one of the lowest in the world.

question: What percentage of the population speaks Portuguese?, answer: 14% | question: What percentage of the population speaks Crioulo?, answer: 44% | question: What are the two main religions?, answer: African traditional religions and Islam | question: What is their gross domestic product status?, answer: one of the lowest in the world | question: What is the minority religion?, answer: Christian (mostly Roman Catholic)
Only Umayyad ruler (Caliphs of Damascus), Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, is unanimously praised by Sunni sources for his devout piety and justice. In his efforts to spread Islam he established liberties for the Mawali by abolishing the jizya tax for converts to Islam. Imam Abu Muhammad Adbullah ibn Abdul Hakam stated that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz also stopped the personal allowance offered to his relatives stating that he could only give them an allowance if he gave an allowance to everyone else in the empire. Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz was later poisoned in the year 720. When successive governments tried to reverse Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz's tax policies it created rebellion.

question: What Umayyad ruler is regarded as especially just and pious by Sunni scholars?, answer: Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz | question: For whom did Umar end the jizya?, answer: converts to Islam | question: In what year did Umar ibn Ad Al-Aziz die?, answer: 720 | question: What was Umar ibn Ad al-Aziz's cause of death?, answer: poisoned | question: What group did Umar ibn Ad Al-Aziz grant liberties to?, answer: Mawali
Only a few contemporary societies are classified as hunter-gatherers, and many supplement their foraging activity with horticulture and/or keeping animals.

question: How many groups of modern hunter-gatherers are there?, answer: Only a few | question: What do modern hunter-gatherers use to produce food in addition to gathering?, answer: horticulture and/or keeping animals | question: Who uses agriculture and animal domestication to supplement their food?, answer: hunter-gatherers | question: Besides agriculture, how do gatherers add to their food supply?, answer: keeping animals | question: In addition to domesticated animals, how do gatherers supplement their food?, answer: horticulture
Only a few towns in western Libya—such as Bani Walid, Sebha and Sirte—remained Gaddafist strongholds. Retreating to Sirte after Tripoli's fall, Gaddafi announced his willingness to negotiate for a handover to a transitional government, a suggestion rejected by the NTC. Surrounding himself with bodyguards, he continually moved residences to escape NTC shelling, devoting his days to prayer and reading the Qur'an. On 20 October, Gaddafi broke out of Sirte's District 2 in a joint civilian-military convoy, hoping to take refuge in the Jarref Valley. At around 8.30am, NATO bombers attacked, destroying at least 14 vehicles and killing at least 53. The convoy scattered, and Gaddafi and those closest to him fled to a nearby villa, which was shelled by rebel militia from Misrata. Fleeing to a construction site, Gaddafi and his inner cohort hid inside drainage pipes while his bodyguards battled the rebels; in the conflict, Gaddafi suffered head injuries from a grenade blast while defence minister Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr was killed.

question: In what geographic part of Libya is Bani Walid located?, answer: western | question: After Tripoli was conquered, where did Gaddafi go?, answer: Sirte | question: Leaving Sirte, what valley did Gaddafi hope to travel to?, answer: Jarref | question: About how many people were killed in the October 20 bombing of Gaddafi's convoy?, answer: 53 | question: After fleeing to a construction site, how was Gaddafi injured?, answer: grenade blast
Only insects which live in nests or colonies demonstrate any true capacity for fine-scale spatial orientation or homing. This can allow an insect to return unerringly to a single hole a few millimeters in diameter among thousands of apparently identical holes clustered together, after a trip of up to several kilometers' distance. In a phenomenon known as philopatry, insects that hibernate have shown the ability to recall a specific location up to a year after last viewing the area of interest. A few insects seasonally migrate large distances between different geographic regions (e.g., the overwintering areas of the Monarch butterfly).:14

question: Insects with fine scale spatial orientation live in colonies and where else?, answer: nests | question: Some insects have a fine scale spatial orientation and/or what else?, answer: homing | question: Spacial orientation/homing allows an insect to return to one specific hole among how many?, answer: thousands | question: An insect recalling a specific location for up to a year is called what?, answer: philopatry | question: An insect that can recall a specific location for up to a year does what?, answer: hibernate
Only one 5.1 surround sound option exists on a given LaserDisc (either Dolby Digital or DTS), so if surround sound is desired, the disc must be matched to the capabilities of the playback equipment (LD Player and Receiver/Decoder) by the purchaser. A fully capable LaserDisc playback system includes a newer LaserDisc player that is capable of playing digital tracks, has a digital optical output for digital PCM and DTS audio, is aware of AC-3 audio tracks, and has an AC-3 coaxial output; an external or internal AC-3 RF demodulator and AC-3 decoder; and a DTS decoder. Many 1990s A/V receivers combine the AC-3 decoder and DTS decoder logic, but an integrated AC-3 demodulator is rare both in LaserDisc players and in later A/V receivers.

question: Are integrated AC-3 demodulators common in LaserDisc players or a rare find?, answer: rare | question: How many 5.1 surround sound options exist in LaserDiscs?, answer: Only one | question: What type of decoder logic is common in 1990s A/V receivers?, answer: DTS
Only scant remains prove that mosaics were still used in the Early Middle Ages. The Abbey of Saint-Martial in Limoges, originally an important place of pilgrimage, was totally demolished during the French Revolution except its crypt which was rediscovered in the 1960s. A mosaic panel was unearthed which was dated to the 9th century. It somewhat incongruously uses cubes of gilded glass and deep green marble, probably taken from antique pavements. This could also be the case with the early 9th century mosaic found under the Basilica of Saint-Quentin in Picardy, where antique motifs are copied but using only simple colors. The mosaics in the Cathedral of Saint-Jean at Lyon have been dated to the 11th century because they employ the same non-antique simple colors. More fragments were found on the site of Saint-Croix at Poitiers which might be from the 6th or 9th century.

question: What proves mosaics were used in the early middle ages?, answer: scant remains | question: Where is the Abbey of Saint-Martial?, answer: Limoges | question: When was the crypt of the Abbey of Saint-Martial re-discovered?, answer: the 1960s | question: What was found under the Basilica of Saint-Quentin?, answer: 9th century mosaic | question: What common element do mosaic panels from the 11th century have?, answer: simple colors
Opera debuted in 1996; it has never achieved widespread use, having less than 2% browser usage share as of February 2012 according to Net Applications. Its Opera-mini version has an additive share, in April 2011 amounting to 1.1% of overall browser use, but focused on the fast-growing mobile phone web browser market, being preinstalled on over 40 million phones. It is also available on several other embedded systems, including Nintendo's Wii video game console.

question: Opera was introduced in what year?, answer: 1996 | question: What accounted for 1.1% of browser use in April 2011?, answer: Opera-mini version | question: Opera focused on which quickly growing market?, answer: mobile phone web browser | question: Opera is also available on which video game console?, answer: Nintendo's Wii
Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in electric railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used.

question: What is the typical maximum range of universal motors?, answer: 1000 watts | question: What type of motor was used in trailway traction applications?, answer: universal | question: What is the result of using AC power on a DC motor?, answer: efficiency losses | question: What were universal motor pole pieces constructed from?, answer: solid (un-laminated) iron
Operation Torch also served as a valuable training ground for Eisenhower's combat command skills; during the initial phase of Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel's move into the Kasserine Pass, Eisenhower created some confusion in the ranks by some interference with the execution of battle plans by his subordinates. He also was initially indecisive in his removal of Lloyd Fredendall, commanding U.S. II Corps. He became more adroit in such matters in later campaigns. In February 1943, his authority was extended as commander of AFHQ across the Mediterranean basin to include the British Eighth Army, commanded by General Sir Bernard Montgomery. The Eighth Army had advanced across the Western Desert from the east and was ready for the start of the Tunisia Campaign. Eisenhower gained his fourth star and gave up command of ETOUSA to become commander of NATOUSA.

question: What was Rommel's rank?, answer: Generalfeldmarschall | question: Who commanded II Corps before being removed by Eisenhower?, answer: Lloyd Fredendall | question: Who commanded the UK's Eighth Army?, answer: Bernard Montgomery | question: When did Eisenhower receive authority over the British Eighth Army?, answer: February 1943 | question: What did Eisenhower command after he commanded ETOUSA?, answer: NATOUSA