lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverband (provincial association). Initially the assemblies of the urban and rural districts elected representatives for the provincial diets (Provinziallandtage), which were thus indirectly elected. As of 1919 the provincial diets (or as to governorate diets, the so-called Kommunallandtage) were directly elected by the citizens of the provinces (or governorates, respectively). These parliaments legislated within the competences transferred to the provincial associations. The provincial diet of East Prussia elected a provincial executive body (government), the provincial committee (Provinzialausschuss), and a head of province, the Landeshauptmann ("Land Captain"; till the 1880s titled Landdirektor, land director).

question: What were common task of the corporation formed by the urban and rural districts?, answer: schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails | question: What was the name of the corporation that looked over common task?, answer: Provinzialverband | question: What has since happened from 1919 that involve the provincial diets?, answer: elected by the citizens of the provinces
Since 1898, Puerto Rico has had limited representation in the Congress in the form of a Resident Commissioner, a nonvoting delegate. The 110th Congress returned the Commissioner's power to vote in the Committee of the Whole, but not on matters where the vote would represent a decisive participation. Puerto Rico has elections on the United States presidential primary or caucus of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party to select delegates to the respective parties' national conventions although presidential electors are not granted on the Electoral College. As American citizens, Puerto Ricans can vote in U.S. presidential elections, provided they reside in one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia and not in Puerto Rico itself.

question: How long has Puerto Rico had representation in Congress?, answer: Since 1898 | question: Who represents Puerto Rico in Congress?, answer: a Resident Commissioner | question: Which Congress gave the commissioner the power to vote?, answer: The 110th Congress | question: What is the commissioner not allowed to vote on?, answer: on matters where the vote would represent a decisive participation
Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps has generated $670 million, and helped to purchase or lease 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat. The stamps serve as a license to hunt migratory birds, an entrance pass for all National Wildlife Refuge areas, and are also considered collectors items often purchased for aesthetic reasons outside of the hunting and birding communities. Although non-hunters buy a significant number of Duck Stamps, eighty-seven percent of their sales are contributed by hunters, which is logical, as hunters are required to purchase them. Distribution of funds is managed by the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC).

question: How much money has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps generated since 1934?, answer: $670 million | question: How many acres has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps helped to purchase or lease since 1934?, answer: 5,200,000 acres | question: What do the stamps give the purchaser a license to do?, answer: hunt migratory birds | question: Who accounts for eighty-seven percent of the sale of duck stamps?, answer: hunters | question: Who manages the distribution of the funds obtained by the sale of the stamps?, answer: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission | question: How much money has been generated due to the Duck Stamp act?, answer: $670 million | question: How much land has the Duck Stamp Act help purchase?, answer: 5,200,000 acres | question: What do the Duck Stamps serve as?, answer: license to hunt migratory birds | question: What percent of sales are contributed by hunters?, answer: eighty-seven | question: Who manages distribution of funds?, answer: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC)
Since 1965, following clashes between the two communities, the Turkish Cypriot seats in the House remain vacant. In 1974 Cyprus was divided de facto when the Turkish army occupied the northern third of the island. The Turkish Cypriots subsequently declared independence in 1983 as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus but were recognised only by Turkey. In 1985 the TRNC adopted a constitution and held its first elections. The United Nations recognises the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus over the entire island of Cyprus.

question: Which part of Cyprus was occupied by the Turkish army?, answer: northern third of the island | question: In what years was Cyprus divided?, answer: 1974 | question: In 1983, Turkish Cypriots declared what?, answer: independence | question: What organization recognizes the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus?, answer: The United Nations
Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acceptance of recommendations ITU-R BT.709. In anticipation of these standards the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) organisation was formed, an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies. The DVB develops and agrees upon specifications which are formally standardised by ETSI.

question: What does ITU-R stand for?, answer: International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector | question: What does DVB stand for?, answer: Digital Video Broadcasting | question: What is the DVB?, answer: an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies | question: What is the DVB's role?, answer: develops and agrees upon specifications | question: Who standardizes HDTV specifications?, answer: ETSI
Since 1993, the Sodor and Man Diocesan Synod has had power to enact measures making provision "with respect to any matter concerning the Church of England in the Island". If approved by Tynwald, a measure "shall have the force and effect of an Act of Tynwald upon the Royal Assent thereto being announced to Tynwald". Between 1979 and 1993, the Synod had similar powers, but limited to the extension to the Isle of Man of measures of the General Synod. Before 1994, royal assent was granted by Order in Council, as for a bill, but the power to grant royal assent to measures has now been delegated to the lieutenant governor. A Measure does not require promulgation.

question: Since 1993, which body has had power to enact measures?, answer: Sodor and Man Diocesan Synod | question: This body makes provisions in respect to matters concerning whom?, answer: Church of England in the Island | question: Up until 1994, royal assent was given by whom?, answer: Order in Council | question: Which position now has the power to grant royal assent?, answer: lieutenant governor | question: Before what year was royal assent approved by Order in Council?, answer: 1994 | question: Who currently holds the power to grant royal assent to measures?, answer: the lieutenant governor | question: During which years did the Synod have power to enact measures?, answer: Between 1979 and 1993
Since 2001, Miami has been undergoing a large building boom with more than 50 skyscrapers rising over 400 feet (122 m) built or currently under construction in the city. Miami's skyline is ranked third-most impressive in the U.S., behind New York City and Chicago, and 19th in the world according to the Almanac of Architecture and Design. The city currently has the eight tallest (as well as thirteen of the fourteen tallest) skyscrapers in the state of Florida, with the tallest being the 789-foot (240 m) Four Seasons Hotel & Tower.

question: How many 400+ foot skyscrapers have been built or are in the process of being built in Miami since 2001?, answer: 50 | question: What US cities have more impressive skylines than Miami's?, answer: New York City and Chicago | question: What is Miami's world rank in terms of how impressive its skyline is?, answer: 19th | question: Of the fourteen tallest skyscrapers in Florida, how many are in Miami?, answer: thirteen | question: What is the tallest skyscraper in Florida?, answer: Four Seasons Hotel & Tower
Since 2002, the North East of the country has seen sectarian violence by Boko Haram, an Islamist movement that seeks to abolish the secular system of government and establish Sharia law. Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan in May 2014 claimed that Boko Haram attacks have left at least 12,000 people dead and 8,000 people crippled. At the same time, neighbouring countries, Benin, Chad, Cameroon and Niger joined Nigeria in a united effort to combat Boko Haram in the aftermath of a world media highlighted kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls and the spread of Boko Haram attacks to these countries.

question: When did Boko Haram become active in Nigeria?, answer: 2002 | question: Who is the President of Nigeria?, answer: Goodluck Jonathan | question: How many people had Boko Haram killed by May 2014?, answer: at least 12,000 | question: How many schoolgirls did Boko Haram kidnap?, answer: 276
Since 2004, through the V&A + RIBA Architecture Partnership, the RIBA and V&A have worked together to promote the understanding and enjoyment of architecture.

question: When did the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Royal Institute of British Architects start a formal relationship?, answer: 2004 | question: What is the name of the joint venture involving the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Royal Institute of British Architects?, answer: the V&A + RIBA Architecture Partnership | question: What is the main goal of the V&A + RIBA partnership?, answer: to promote the understanding and enjoyment of architecture
Since 2005, Iran's nuclear program has become the subject of contention with the international community following earlier quotes of Iranian leadership favoring the use of an atomic bomb against Iran's enemies and in particular Israel. Many countries have expressed concern that Iran's nuclear program could divert civilian nuclear technology into a weapons program. This has led the UN Security Council to impose sanctions against Iran which had further isolated Iran politically and economically from the rest of the global community. In 2009, the US Director of National Intelligence said that Iran, if choosing to, would not be able to develop a nuclear weapon until 2013.

question: Iran's nuclear program has caused discord within the international community since when?, answer: Since 2005 | question: Which country did Iran's leadership was quoted as being a possible target of its atomic weapons?, answer: Israel | question: Who imposed sanctions against Iran as a result of Iran's nuclear program?, answer: UN Security Council | question: When was it estimated by the US Director of National Intelligence that Iran would be able to develop a nuclear weapon?, answer: 2013
Since 2005, the USAF has placed a strong focus on the improvement of Basic Military Training (BMT) for enlisted personnel. While the intense training has become longer, it also has shifted to include a deployment phase. This deployment phase, now called the BEAST, places the trainees in a surreal environment that they may experience once they deploy. While the trainees do tackle the massive obstacle courses along with the BEAST, the other portions include defending and protecting their base of operations, forming a structure of leadership, directing search and recovery, and basic self aid buddy care. During this event, the Military Training Instructors (MTI) act as mentors and enemy forces in a deployment exercise.

question: What did the USAF strive to improve since 2005?, answer: Basic Military Training | question: What is the deployment phase of BMT called?, answer: BEAST | question: What other training do the US Air force Personnel get during BMT?, answer: directing search and recovery | question: Who acts as a mentor during this deployment phase of the BMT?, answer: Military Training Instructors
Since 2006, $9 billion has been invested in downtown and surrounding neighborhoods; $5.2 billion of that in has come in 2013 and 2014. Construction activity, particularly rehabilitation of historic downtown buildings, has increased markedly. The number of vacant downtown buildings has dropped from nearly 50 to around 13.[when?] Among the most notable redevelopment projects are the Book Cadillac Hotel and the Fort Shelby Hotel; the David Broderick Tower; and the David Whitney Building. Meanwhile, work is underway or set to begin on the historic, vacant Wurlitzer Building and Strathmore Hotel.[citation needed]

question: How much has been invested in Detroit since 2006?, answer: $9 billion | question: Which hotel is set to be renovated?, answer: Strathmore | question: How much money has been invested in Detroit in 2013-2014?, answer: $5.2 billion | question: How many vacant downtown buildings are there in Detroit?, answer: 13
Since 2009, the Tucson Festival of Books has been held annually over a two-day period in March at the University of Arizona. By 2010 it had become the fourth largest book festival in the United States, with 450 authors and 80,000 attendees. In addition to readings and lectures, it features a science fair, varied entertainment, food, and exhibitors ranging from local retailers and publishers to regional and national nonprofit organizations. In 2011, the Festival began presenting a Founder's Award; recipients include Elmore Leonard and R.L. Stine.

question: When did the Tucson Festival of Books begin?, answer: 2009 | question: When is the Tucson Festival of Books held?, answer: a two-day period in March | question: How many people came to the Tucson Festival of Books in 2010?, answer: 80,000 | question: What award did the Tucson Festival of Books give to R. L. Stine?, answer: Founder's Award
Since Elizabeth rarely gives interviews, little is known of her personal feelings. As a constitutional monarch, she has not expressed her own political opinions in a public forum. She does have a deep sense of religious and civic duty, and takes her coronation oath seriously. Aside from her official religious role as Supreme Governor of the established Church of England, she is personally a member of that church and the national Church of Scotland. She has demonstrated support for inter-faith relations and has met with leaders of other churches and religions, including five popes: Pius XII, John XXIII, John Paul II, Benedict XVI and Francis. A personal note about her faith often features in her annual Christmas message broadcast to the Commonwealth. In 2000, she spoke about the theological significance of the millennium marking the 2000th anniversary of the birth of Jesus:

question: What governmental style of monarch is Elizabeth?, answer: constitutional monarch | question: How often does Elizabeth give interviews?, answer: rarely | question: What type of political religious beliefs does Elizabeth seemed to support?, answer: inter-faith relations | question: What is Elizabeth's ranking in the Church of England?, answer: Supreme Governor | question: Apart from her membership in the Church of England, to what other church does she belong?, answer: Church of Scotland
Since Israel's capture of these territories, Israeli settlements and military installations have been built within each of them. Israel has applied civilian law to the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem and granted their inhabitants permanent residency status and the ability to apply for citizenship. The West Bank, outside of the Israeli settlements within the territory, has remained under direct military rule, and Palestinians in this area cannot become Israeli citizens. Israel withdrew its military forces and dismantled the Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip as part of its disengagement from Gaza though it continues to maintain control of its airspace and waters. The UN Security Council has declared the annexation of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem to be "null and void" and continues to view the territories as occupied. The International Court of Justice, principal judicial organ of the United Nations, asserted, in its 2004 advisory opinion on the legality of the construction of the Israeli West Bank barrier, that the lands captured by Israel in the Six-Day War, including East Jerusalem, are occupied territory.

question: Who declared the annexation of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem?, answer: UN Security Council | question: What was captured by Israel in the Six-Day War?, answer: Israeli West Bank | question: Where did Israel withdraw and disband its military forces?, answer: Gaza Strip
Since June 2007, YouTube's videos have been available for viewing on a range of Apple products. This required YouTube's content to be transcoded into Apple's preferred video standard, H.264, a process that took several months. YouTube videos can be viewed on devices including Apple TV, iPod Touch and the iPhone. In July 2010, the mobile version of the site was relaunched based on HTML5, avoiding the need to use Adobe Flash Player and optimized for use with touch screen controls. The mobile version is also available as an app for the Android platform. In September 2012, YouTube launched its first app for the iPhone, following the decision to drop YouTube as one of the preloaded apps in the iPhone 5 and iOS 6 operating system. According to GlobalWebIndex, YouTube was used by 35% of smartphone users between April and June 2013, making it the third most used app.

question: When did youtube become available on Apple products?, answer: June 2007 | question: When did youtube launch its first app for the iPhone?, answer: September 2012 | question: What percentage of Smartphone users use the youtube app?, answer: 35% | question: What is Apple's prefered video standard?, answer: H.264 | question: How long did it take to transfer Youtube's content to Apple's standard?, answer: several months
Since June 2009 VidZone has offered a free music video streaming service in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. In October 2009, Sony Computer Entertainment and Netflix announced that the Netflix streaming service would also be available on PlayStation 3 in the United States. A paid Netflix subscription was required for the service. The service became available in November 2009. Initially users had to use a free Blu-ray disc to access the service; however, in October 2010 the requirement to use a disc to gain access was removed.

question: In what month of 2009 did VidZone start free service to some countries?, answer: June | question: What do you have to agree to with Netflix before you can use their service on PlayStation 3?, answer: paid Netflix subscription | question: What year did the announcement come about Netflix becoming available on PS3 in the U.S.?, answer: 2009 | question: What type of disc was initially used to connect access to Netflix for PS3?, answer: Blu-ray | question: When were users able to discard the disc and access Netflix directly through their PS3s?, answer: October 2010
Since LED efficacy is inversely proportional to operating temperature, LED technology is well suited for supermarket freezer lighting. Because LEDs produce less waste heat than incandescent lamps, their use in freezers can save on refrigeration costs as well. However, they may be more susceptible to frost and snow buildup than incandescent lamps, so some LED lighting systems have been designed with an added heating circuit. Additionally, research has developed heat sink technologies that will transfer heat produced within the junction to appropriate areas of the light fixture.

question: LED efficacy is inversely proportional to what?, answer: operating temperature | question: Where is LED lighting very well suited?, answer: supermarket freezer | question: LEDs produce less waste heat than what other device?, answer: incandescent lamps | question: What is LED lighting more susceptible to than incandescent light?, answer: frost
Since World War II, aircraft carrier designs have increased in size to accommodate a steady increase in aircraft size. The large, modern Nimitz class of US carriers has a displacement nearly four times that of the World War II–era USS Enterprise, yet its complement of aircraft is roughly the same—a consequence of the steadily increasing size and weight of military aircraft over the years. Today's aircraft carriers are so expensive that nations which operate them risk significant political, economic, and military impact if a carrier is lost, or even used in conflict.

question: Why have aircraft carriers increased in size since World War II?, answer: to accommodate a steady increase in aircraft size | question: How much more displacement does the modern Nimitz class have compared to the older USS Enterprise?, answer: nearly four times | question: Why do nations risk significant political impacts if a carrier is lost or even used in conflict?, answer: Today's aircraft carriers are so expensive | question: Which era does the USS Enterprise belong to?, answer: World War II
Since all contact between the wrestlers must cease if any part of the body is touching, or underneath, the ropes, many wrestlers will attempt to break submission holds by deliberately grabbing the bottom ropes. This is called a "rope break", and it is one of the most common ways to break a submission hold. Most holds leave an arm or leg free, so that the person can tap out if they want. Instead, they use these free limbs to either grab one of the ring ropes (the bottom one is the most common, as it is nearest the wrestlers, though other ropes sometimes are used for standing holds such as Chris Masters' Master Lock) or drape their foot across, or underneath one. Once this has been accomplished, and the accomplishment is witnessed by the referee, the referee will demand that the offending wrestler break the hold, and start counting to five if the wrestler does not. If the referee reaches the count of five, and the wrestler still does not break the hold, they are disqualified.

question: Many holds will leave what body parts free?, answer: an arm or leg | question: When must contact stop between wrestlers?, answer: if any part of the body is touching, or underneath, the ropes, | question: How might a wrestler attempt to break a submission hold?, answer: by deliberately grabbing the bottom ropes | question: How long does a wrestler have to get themselves free of the hold?, answer: the count of five | question: What happens if the wrestler doesn't break a hold?, answer: they are disqualified
Since ancient times, north Zhejiang and neighbouring south Jiangsu have been famed for their prosperity and opulence[citation needed], and simply inserting north Zhejiang place names (Hangzhou, Jiaxing, etc.) into poetry gave an effect of dreaminess, a practice followed by many noted poets. In particular, the fame of Hangzhou (as well as Suzhou in neighbouring Jiangsu province) has led to the popular saying: "Above there is heaven; below there is Suzhou and Hangzhou" (上有天堂，下有苏杭), a saying that continues to be a source of pride for the people of these two still prosperous cities.

question: What neighbours north Zhejiang to the south?, answer: Jiangsu | question: What neighbours south Jiangsu to the north?, answer: Zhejiang | question: North Zhejiang and south Jiangsu are famed for their opulence and what else?, answer: prosperity | question: Inserting north Zhejiang names into poetry gave an effect of what?, answer: dreaminess | question: The fame of where led to a popular saying?, answer: Hangzhou