lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The Cubist contribution to the 1912 Salon d'Automne created scandal regarding the use of government owned buildings, such as the Grand Palais, to exhibit such artwork. The indignation of the politician Jean Pierre Philippe Lampué made the front page of Le Journal, 5 October 1912. The controversy spread to the Municipal Council of Paris, leading to a debate in the Chambre des Députés about the use of public funds to provide the venue for such art. The Cubists were defended by the Socialist deputy, Marcel Sembat.

question: Which politician made the front page of Le Journa in 1912 for his indignation?, answer: Jean Pierre Philippe Lampué | question: Who defended the Cubists in the controversy of 1912?, answer: Socialist deputy, Marcel Sembat. | question: Towards which social topic did the Cubists at the Salon d'Automne creat contrevesy towards?, answer: the use of government owned buildings,
The Cubs began play as the Chicago White Stockings, joining the National League (NL) as a charter member. Owner William Hulbert signed multiple star players, such as pitcher Albert Spalding and infielders Ross Barnes, Deacon White, and Adrian "Cap" Anson, to join the team prior to the N.L.'s first season. The White Stockings played their home games at West Side Grounds,against the bloods and quickly established themselves as one of the new league's top teams. Spalding won forty-seven games and Barnes led the league in hitting at .429 as Chicago won the first ever National League pennant, which at the time was the game's top prize.

question: Who did the Cubs began play as?, answer: the Chicago White Stockings | question: When the Cubs started playing, who was their owner?, answer: William Hulbert | question: Where did the White Stockings play their home games?, answer: West Side Grounds
The Cubs enjoyed one more pennant at the close of World War II, finishing 98–56. Due to the wartime travel restrictions, the first three games of the 1945 World Series were played in Detroit, where the Cubs won two games, including a one-hitter by Claude Passeau, and the final four were played at Wrigley. In Game 4 of the Series, the Curse of the Billy Goat was allegedly laid upon the Cubs when P.K. Wrigley ejected Billy Sianis, who had come to Game 4 with two box seat tickets, one for him and one for his goat. They paraded around for a few innings, but Wrigley demanded the goat leave the park due to its unpleasant odor. Upon his ejection, Mr. Sianis uttered, "The Cubs, they ain't gonna win no more." The Cubs lost Game 4, lost the Series, and have not been back since. It has also been said by many that Sianis put a "curse" on the Cubs, apparently preventing the team from playing in the World Series. After losing the 1945 World Series to the Detroit Tigers, the Cubs finished with winning seasons the next two years, but those teams did not enter post-season play.

question: Why were the first three games of the 1945 World Series played in Detroit?, answer: wartime travel restrictions | question: Where were the final four games of the 1945 World Series played?, answer: Wrigley | question: In what game was the Curse of the Billy Goat allegedly laid upon the Cubs?, answer: Game 4 of the Series | question: What was ejected from Wrigley park because of it's bad odor?, answer: goat
The Cubs had high expectations in 2002, but the squad played poorly. On July 5, 2002 the Cubs promoted assistant general manager and player personnel director Jim Hendry to the General Manager position. The club responded by hiring Dusty Baker and by making some major moves in '03. Most notably, they traded with the Pittsburgh Pirates for outfielder Kenny Lofton and third baseman Aramis Ramírez, and rode dominant pitching, led by Kerry Wood and Mark Prior, as the Cubs led the division down the stretch.

question: When did the Cubs promote assistant general manager and player personnel director Jim Hendry?, answer: July 5, 2002 | question: What was Jim Hendry promoted to?, answer: the General Manager position | question: Who did the Cubs hire in response to Jim Hendry's promotion?, answer: Dusty Baker
The Cubs had no official physical mascot prior to Clark, though a man in a 'polar bear' looking outfit, called "The Bear-man" (or Beeman), which was mildly popular with the fans, paraded the stands briefly in the early 1990s. There is no record of whether or not he was just a fan in a costume or employed by the club. Through the 2013 season, there were "Cubbie-bear" mascots outside of Wrigley on game day, but none are employed by the team. They pose for pictures with fans for tips. The most notable of these was "Billy Cub" who worked outside of the stadium until for over 6 years until July 2013, when the club asked him to stop. Billy Cub, who is played by fan John Paul Weier, had unsuccessfully petitioned the team to become the official mascot.

question: What did "The Bear-man" wear as an outfit?, answer: 'polar bear' looking outfit | question: During what season were "cubbie-bear" mascots outside of Wrigley on game day?, answer: 2013 season | question: Who played Billy Cub?, answer: John Paul Weier
The Cubs successfully defended their National League Central title in 2008, going to the postseason in consecutive years for the first time since 1906–08. The offseason was dominated by three months of unsuccessful trade talks with the Orioles involving 2B Brian Roberts, as well as the signing of Chunichi Dragons star Kosuke Fukudome. The team recorded their 10,000th win in April, while establishing an early division lead. Reed Johnson and Jim Edmonds were added early on and Rich Harden was acquired from the Oakland Athletics in early July. The Cubs headed into the All-Star break with the N.L.'s best record, and tied the league record with eight representatives to the All-Star game, including catcher Geovany Soto, who was named Rookie of the Year. The Cubs took control of the division by sweeping a four-game series in Milwaukee. On September 14, in a game moved to Miller Park due to Hurricane Ike, Zambrano pitched a no-hitter against the Astros, and six days later the team clinched by beating St. Louis at Wrigley. The club ended the season with a 97–64 record and met Los Angeles in the NLDS. The heavily favored Cubs took an early lead in Game 1, but James Loney's grand slam off Ryan Dempster changed the series' momentum. Chicago committed numerous critical errors and were outscored 20–6 in a Dodger sweep, which provided yet another sudden ending.

question: What Chunichi Dragons start was signed to the Cubs in 2008?, answer: Kosuke Fukudome | question: Who was acquired from the Oakland Athletics in early July?, answer: Rich Harden | question: Who was named Rookie of the Year in 2008?, answer: Geovany Soto | question: Who pitched a no-hitter against the Astros on Spetember 14th?, answer: Zambrano
The Cubs' current spring training facility is located in Sloan Park in |Mesa, Arizona, where they play in the Cactus League. The park seats 15,000, making it Major League baseball's largest spring training facility by capacity. The Cubs annually sell out most of their games both at home and on the road. Before Sloan Park opened in 2014, the team played games at HoHoKam Park - Dwight Patterson Field from 1979. "HoHoKam" is literally translated from Native American as "those who vanished." The North Siders have called Mesa their spring home for most seasons since 1952.

question: Where is the Cubs' current spring training facility located?, answer: Sloan Park | question: How many seats are in the Cubs' Sloan Park training facility?, answer: 15,000 | question: When did Sloan Park open?, answer: 2014
The Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, "Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in nationwide surveys by the Czech Statistical Office. As of 2011, 62,908 Czech citizens spoke Moravian as their first language and 45,561 were diglossal (speaking Moravian and standard Czech as first languages).

question: What are the dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia known as?, answer: Moravian | question: Where could citizens register "Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak' as being their spoken language?, answer: the Austro-Hungarian Empire | question: Which of the Czech dialects is the only one distinguished in the nationwide surveys by the Czech Statistical Office?, answer: Moravian | question: How many Czechs spoke Moravian as their first language as of 2011?, answer: 62,908 | question: How many Czechs spoke both Moravian and standard Czech as first languages in 2011?, answer: 45,561
The Czech people gained widespread national pride during the mid-eighteenth century, inspired by the Age of Enlightenment a half-century earlier. Czech historians began to emphasize their people's accomplishments from the fifteenth through the seventeenth centuries, rebelling against the Counter-Reformation (which had denigrated Czech and other non-Latin languages). Czech philologists studied sixteenth-century texts, advocating the return of the language to high culture. This period is known as the Czech National Revival (or Renascence).

question: What did the Czechs as a people gain during the mid-18th century?, answer: widespread national pride | question: What inspired the Czech's national pride?, answer: Age of Enlightenment a half-century earlier | question: What did Czech historians emphasize about their countrymen?, answer: accomplishments | question: What did Czech philologists advocate?, answer: the return of the language to high culture | question: What is the period during the mid-eighteenth century also remembered as?, answer: Czech National Revival
The Czechs' language separated from other Slavic tongues into what would later be called Old Czech by the thirteenth century, a classification extending through the sixteenth century. Its use of cases differed from the modern language; although Old Czech did not yet have a vocative case or an animacy distinction, declension for its six cases and three genders rapidly became complicated (partially to differentiate homophones) and its declension patterns resembled those of Lithuanian (its Balto-Slavic cousin).

question: How did Old Czech's use of cases differ from modern usage?, answer: did not yet have a vocative case or an animacy distinction | question: What other language did Old Czech's declension patterns resemble?, answer: Lithuanian | question: How many cases did Old Czech have?, answer: six | question: How long was the precursor to Czech classified as Old Czech?, answer: through the sixteenth century | question: By the thirteenth century, what had the Czech language separated from?, answer: other Slavic tongues
The D-Day Normandy landings on June 6, 1944, were costly but successful. A month later, the invasion of Southern France took place, and control of forces in the southern invasion passed from the AFHQ to the SHAEF. Many prematurely considered that victory in Europe would come by summer's end—however the Germans did not capitulate for almost a year. From then until the end of the war in Europe on May 8, 1945, Eisenhower, through SHAEF, commanded all Allied forces, and through his command of ETOUSA had administrative command of all U.S. forces on the Western Front north of the Alps. He was ever mindful of the inevitable loss of life and suffering that would be experienced on an individual level by the troops under his command and their families. This prompted him to make a point of visiting every division involved in the invasion. Eisenhower's sense of responsibility was underscored by his draft of a statement to be issued if the invasion failed. It has been called one of the great speeches of history:

question: When did the Normandy invasion occur?, answer: June 6, 1944 | question: How long after the Normandy invasion did the landings in Southern France occur?, answer: month | question: When did the war in Europe end?, answer: May 8, 1945 | question: How many divisions involved in the Allied invasion of Europe did Eisenhower visit?, answer: every | question: After what possible event would the speech called one of the greatest in history have been delivered?, answer: if the invasion failed
The DIN system, officially DIN standard 4512 by Deutsches Institut für Normung (but still named Deutscher Normenausschuß (DNA) at this time), was published in January 1934. It grew out of drafts for a standardized method of sensitometry put forward by Deutscher Normenausschuß für Phototechnik as proposed by the committee for sensitometry of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für photographische Forschung since 1930 and presented by Robert Luther (de) (1868–1945) and Emanuel Goldberg (1881–1970) at the influential VIII. International Congress of Photography (German: Internationaler Kongreß für wissenschaftliche und angewandte Photographie) held in Dresden from August 3 to 8, 1931.

question: When was the DIN system established?, answer: January 1934 | question: Who created the DIN system?, answer: Deutsches Institut für Normung | question: What was proposed at the VIII International Congress of Photography?, answer: a standardized method of sensitometry | question: Who presented the idea that grew into the DIN?, answer: Robert Luther (de) (1868–1945) and Emanuel Goldberg (1881–1970) | question: Where was the VIII International Congress of Photography held?, answer: Dresden
The Daily Northwestern is the main student newspaper. Established in 1881, and published on weekdays during the academic year, it is directed entirely by undergraduates. Although it serves the Northwestern community, the Daily has no business ties to the university, being supported wholly by advertisers. It is owned by the Students Publishing Company. North by Northwestern is an online undergraduate magazine, having been established in September 2006 by students at the Medill School of Journalism. Published on weekdays, it consists of updates on news stories and special events inserted throughout the day and on weekends. North by Northwestern also publishes a quarterly print magazine. Syllabus is the undergraduate yearbook. First published in 1885, the yearbook is an epitome of that year's events at Northwestern. Published by Students Publishing Company and edited by Northwestern students, it is distributed in late May. Northwestern Flipside is an undergraduate satirical magazine. Founded in 2009, The Flipside publishes a weekly issue both in print and online. Helicon is the university's undergraduate literary magazine. Started in 1979, it is published twice a year, a web issue in the Winter, and a print issue with a web complement in the Spring. The Protest is Northwestern's quarterly social justice magazine. The Northwestern division of Student Multicultural Affairs also supports publications such as NUAsian, a magazine and blog about Asian and Asian-American culture and the issues facing Asians and Asian-Americans, Ahora, a magazine about Hispanic and Latino/a culture and campus life, BlackBoard Magazine about African-American life, and Al Bayan published by the Northwestern Muslim-cultural Student Association.

question: What is the name of Northwestern's main student newspaper?, answer: The Daily Northwestern | question: Who is The Daily Northwestern entirely directed by?, answer: undergraduates | question: What is the name of Northwestern's undergraduate yearbook?, answer: Syllabus | question: Who owns The Daily Northwestern?, answer: the Students Publishing Company | question: What undergraduate satirical magazine was founded in 2009?, answer: Northwestern Flipside
The Daily Star had been launched in 1978 by Express Newspaper, and by 1981 had begun to affect sales of The Sun. Bingo was introduced as a marketing tool and a 2p drop in cover price removed the Daily Star's competitive advantage opening a new circulation battle which resulted in The Sun neutralising the threat of the new paper. The new editor of The Sun, Kelvin MacKenzie, took up his post in 1981 just after these developments, and "changed the British tabloid concept more profoundly than [Larry] Lamb did", according to Bruce Page, MacKenzie The paper became "more outrageous, opinionated and irreverent than anything ever produced in Britain".

question: What newspaper was founded by Express Newspaper?, answer: The Daily Star | question: By what year had The Daily Star started impacting The Sun's sales?, answer: 1981 | question: What helped the Sun overcome the Daily Star's challenge?, answer: Bingo was introduced as a marketing tool and a 2p drop in cover price | question: Who became editor of the Sun in 1981?, answer: Kelvin MacKenzie | question: What impact was Mackenzie said to have?, answer: changed the British tabloid concept more profoundly than [Larry] Lamb did"
The Defence Committee—Third Report "Defence Equipment 2009" cites an article from the Financial Times website stating that the Chief of Defence Materiel, General Sir Kevin O’Donoghue, had instructed staff within Defence Equipment and Support (DE&S) through an internal memorandum to reprioritize the approvals process to focus on supporting current operations over the next three years; deterrence related programmes; those that reflect defence obligations both contractual or international; and those where production contracts are already signed. The report also cites concerns over potential cuts in the defence science and technology research budget; implications of inappropriate estimation of Defence Inflation within budgetary processes; underfunding in the Equipment Programme; and a general concern over striking the appropriate balance over a short-term focus (Current Operations) and long-term consequences of failure to invest in the delivery of future UK defence capabilities on future combatants and campaigns. The then Secretary of State for Defence, Bob Ainsworth MP, reinforced this reprioritisation of focus on current operations and had not ruled out "major shifts" in defence spending. In the same article the First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff, Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope, Royal Navy, acknowledged that there was not enough money within the defence budget and it is preparing itself for tough decisions and the potential for cutbacks. According to figures published by the London Evening Standard the defence budget for 2009 is "more than 10% overspent" (figures cannot be verified) and the paper states that this had caused Gordon Brown to say that the defence spending must be cut. The MoD has been investing in IT to cut costs and improve services for its personnel.

question: Who was the Chief of Defence Materiel in 2009?, answer: General Sir Kevin O’Donoghue | question: Which department is overseen by the Chief of Defence Materiel?, answer: Defence Equipment and Support (DE&S) | question: Which programme was mentioned as being underfunded?, answer: Equipment Programme | question: Who was the Secretary of State for Defence in 2009?, answer: Bob Ainsworth MP | question: Which publication said the 2009 defence budget was more than 10% overbudget?, answer: London Evening Standard
The Delhi Flying Club, established in 1928 with two de Havilland Moth aircraft named Delhi and Roshanara, was based at Safdarjung Airport which started operations in 1929, when it was the Delhi's only airport and the second in India. The airport functioned until 2001, however in January 2002 the government closed the airport for flying activities because of security concerns following the New York attacks in September 2001. Since then, the club only carries out aircraft maintenance courses, and is used for helicopter rides to Indira Gandhi International Airport for VIP including the president and the prime minister.

question: The Delhi Flying Club was established in what year?, answer: 1928 | question: When established in 1928, which airport served as the base of the Delhi Flying Club?, answer: Safdarjung Airport | question: In what year did the government close Safdarjung Airport due to security concerns?, answer: 2002 | question: In what year did the Delhi Flying club begin operations?, answer: 1929 | question: What type of aircraft was first used by the Delhi Flying Club after its founding?, answer: de Havilland Moth aircraft
The Delhi Metro is a rapid transit system serving New Delhi, Delhi, Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida, and Ghaziabad in the National Capital Region of India. Delhi Metro is the world's 12th largest metro system in terms of length. Delhi Metro was India's first modern public transportation system, which had revolutionised travel by providing a fast, reliable, safe, and comfortable means of transport. The network consists of six lines with a total length of 189.63 kilometres (117.83 miles) with 142 stations, of which 35 are underground, five are at-grade, and the remainder are elevated. All stations have escalators, elevators, and tactile tiles to guide the visually impaired from station entrances to trains. It has a combination of elevated, at-grade, and underground lines, and uses both broad gauge and standard gauge rolling stock. Four types of rolling stock are used: Mitsubishi-ROTEM Broad gauge, Bombardier MOVIA, Mitsubishi-ROTEM Standard gauge, and CAF Beasain Standard gauge.

question: What is the total length of the Delhi Metro?, answer: 189.63 kilometres | question: How many stations are there on the Delhi Metro?, answer: 142 | question: What is the name of the world's 12 largest metro system by length?, answer: The Delhi Metro | question: How many of the Delhi Metro's stations are located underground?, answer: 35 | question: How many of the New Delhi Metro's stations are located at ground level?, answer: five
The Demilitarized Zone runs northeast of the 38th parallel; to the south, it travels west. The old Korean capital city of Kaesong, site of the armistice negotiations, originally was in pre-war South Korea, but now is part of North Korea. The United Nations Command, supported by the United States, the North Korean People's Army, and the Chinese People's Volunteers, signed the Armistice Agreement on 27 July 1953 to end the fighting. The Armistice also called upon the governments of South Korea, North Korea, China and the United States to participate in continued peace talks. The war is considered to have ended at this point, even though there was no peace treaty. North Korea nevertheless claims that it won the Korean War.

question: Where is the capital city of Kaesong now located?, answer: North Korea | question: What area is directly north and south of the 38th parallel?, answer: The Demilitarized Zone | question: When was the Armistice Agreement signed?, answer: 27 July 1953 | question: Was there ever an official peace treaty after the war?, answer: there was no peace treaty | question: Who believes that they were victorious in the war?, answer: North Korea
The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, wrote that Eisenhower "never surrounded himself with assistants who could solve political problems with professional skill. There were exceptions, Leonard W. Hall, for example, who as chairman of the Republican National Committee tried to open the administration's eyes to the political facts of life, with occasional success. However, these exceptions were not enough to right the balance."

question: Who won a Senate majority in 1954?, answer: Democrats | question: After the 1954 election, who was the Speaker of the House?, answer: Sam Rayburn | question: Who was made Senate Majority Leader after the 1954 election?, answer: Lyndon B. Johnson | question: What state were Johnson and Rayburn from?, answer: Texas | question: Who was Speaker of the House between 1953 and 1955?, answer: Joe Martin