lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Anti-miscegenation laws were passed in most states during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries, but this did not prevent white slaveholders, their sons, or other powerful white men from taking slave women as concubines and having multiracial children with them. In California and the western US, there were greater numbers of Latino and Asian residents. These were prohibited from official relationships with whites. White legislators passed laws prohibiting marriage between European and Asian Americans until the 1950s.

question: What were put in place to prevent the mix of races?, answer: Anti-miscegenation laws | question: Why did the anti-miscegenation not insure that there was no interracial mixing?, answer: white men from taking slave women as concubines and having multiracial children with them | question: Where was there greater numbers of Latinos and Asian residents?, answer: In California and the western US | question: When were the laws against marriage between Asians and Europeans lifted?, answer: 1950s | question: What races were prohibited from official relationships with whites?, answer: Latino and Asian residents | question: When were anti-miscegenation laws passed?, answer: Anti-miscegenation laws were passed in most states during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries | question: Were Latino residents also prohibited from marrying whites?, answer: were prohibited from official relationships with whites. | question: Did these laws change behavior of white slaveholders and other powerful white men?, answer: this did not prevent white slaveholders, their sons, or other powerful white men from taking slave women as concubines | question: Which region has greater numbers of Latino and Asian residents?, answer: In California and the western US, | question: Were there any laws against marriage between whites and Asians in the US?, answer: White legislators passed laws prohibiting marriage between European and Asian Americans until the 1950s. | question: In the western US, who were not allowed to have relationships with whites?, answer: Latino and Asian residents | question: When did laws stop banning marriage between whites and asians?, answer: the 1950s | question: Who were taking slaves as concubines?, answer: white slaveholders, their sons, or other powerful white men
Antigonus II, a student of Zeno of Citium, spent most of his rule defending Macedon against Epirus and cementing Macedonian power in Greece, first against the Athenians in the Chremonidean War, and then against the Achaean League of Aratus of Sicyon. Under the Antigonids, Macedonia was often short on funds, the Pangaeum mines were no longer as productive as under Philip II, the wealth from Alexander's campaigns had been used up and the countryside pillaged by the Gallic invasion. A large number of the Macedonian population had also been resettled abroad by Alexander or had chosen to emigrate to the new eastern Greek cities. Up to two thirds of the population emigrated, and the Macedonian army could only count on a levy of 25,000 men, a significantly smaller force than under Philip II.

question: What war did Antigonus II fight Athenians?, answer: Chremonidean War | question: What mines decreased in production under the Antigonids?, answer: Pangaeum | question: How large was the Macedonian army under the Antigonids?, answer: 25,000 men | question: Who taught Antigonus II?, answer: Zeno of Citium | question: Who did Antigonus II defend against?, answer: Epirus
Antigonus then sent his son Demetrius to regain control of Greece. In 307 he took Athens, expelling Demetrius of Phaleron, Cassander's governor, and proclaiming the city free again. Demetrius now turned his attention to Ptolemy, defeating his fleet at the Battle of Salamis and taking control of Cyprus. In the aftermath of this victory, Antigonus took the title of king (basileus) and bestowed it on his son Demetrius Poliorcetes, the rest of the Diadochi soon followed suit. Demetrius continued his campaigns by laying siege to Rhodes and conquering most of Greece in 302, creating a league against Cassander's Macedon.

question: Which son did Antigonus send to regain control of Greece?, answer: Demetrius | question: When did Demetrius take control of Athens?, answer: 307 | question: Who bestowed the title of king to Demetrius Poliorcetes?, answer: Antigonus | question: What battle did Demetrius Poliorcetes defeat the fleet of Ptolemy?, answer: Battle of Salamis | question: What region was fought over in the Battle of Salamis?, answer: Cyprus
Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it. Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il giovane in 1707 and George Frideric Handel composed Alexander Balus in 1748. Others include Giovani Battista Gervasio (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Giuseppe Giuliano (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Emanuele Barbella (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Domenico Scarlatti (Sonata n.54 (K.89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), and Addiego Guerra (Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo).

question: Who composed the Concerto in C Major Op 3 6?, answer: Antonio Vivaldi | question: Who placed it in his 1787 work?, answer: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | question: What two artists created four variations of the Concerto in C Major Op 3 6?, answer: Don Giovanni and Beethoven | question: Who composed the La conquista della Spagne di Scipione Afriacano il giovance?, answer: Antonio Maria Bononcini | question: When was Alexander Balus composed?, answer: 1748
Anxious to expand the company's broadcast and cable presence, longtime MCA head Lew Wasserman sought a rich partner. He located Japanese electronics manufacturer Matsushita Electric (now known as Panasonic), which agreed to acquire MCA for $6.6 billion in 1990. Meanwhile, around this time, the production subsidiary was renamed Universal Studios Inc., and (in 1990) MCA created MCA/Universal Home Video Inc. for the VHS video cassette (later DVD) sales industry.

question: Who was the head of MCA in 1990?, answer: Lew Wasserman | question: What is the current name of the company that was called Matsushita Electric in 1990?, answer: Panasonic | question: How much did Matsushita Electric pay for MCA?, answer: $6.6 billion | question: In what year was MCA/Universal Home Video Inc. created?, answer: 1990 | question: What was the nationality of Matsushita Electric?, answer: Japanese
Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry could wear an emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge. It could not be awarded posthumously and was effectively replaced in 1974 with the Queen's Gallantry Medal. If recipients of the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry received promotion within the Order, whether for gallantry or otherwise, they continued to wear also the insignia of the lower grade with the oak leaves. However, they only used the post-nominal letters of the higher grade.

question: Who could wear a emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves?, answer: Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry | question: What year was it replaced?, answer: 1974 | question: What was the emblem?, answer: two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge | question: What kind of medal was replaced in 1974?, answer: Queen's Gallantry Medal | question: They continued to wear what the insignia of what?, answer: lower grade with the oak leaves
Any living organism relies on an external source of energy—radiation from the Sun in the case of green plants, chemical energy in some form in the case of animals—to be able to grow and reproduce. The daily 1500–2000 Calories (6–8 MJ) recommended for a human adult are taken as a combination of oxygen and food molecules, the latter mostly carbohydrates and fats, of which glucose (C6H12O6) and stearin (C57H110O6) are convenient examples. The food molecules are oxidised to carbon dioxide and water in the mitochondria

question: What does any living organism rely on to be able to grow and reproduce?, answer: an external source of energy | question: How many daily calories are recommended for a human adult?, answer: 1500–2000 | question: Where are food molecules oxidised to carbon dioxide and water?, answer: mitochondria
Any philosophy that assigns crucial importance to the ideal or spiritual realm in its account of human existence may be termed "idealist". Metaphysical idealism is an ontological doctrine that holds that reality itself is incorporeal or experiential at its core. Beyond this, idealists disagree on which aspects of the mental are more basic. Platonic idealism affirms that abstractions are more basic to reality than the things we perceive, while subjective idealists and phenomenalists tend to privilege sensory experience over abstract reasoning. Epistemological idealism is the view that reality can only be known through ideas, that only psychological experience can be apprehended by the mind.

question: What is the term used for philosophies that consider the spiritual to be of paramount importance?, answer: idealist | question: What branch of idealism believes that reality is fundamentally nonphysical?, answer: Metaphysical | question: What branch of idealism sees abstracts as more real than perceived objects?, answer: Platonic | question: Along with phenomenalists, what idealists believe the senses are more important than reason?, answer: subjective | question: What branch of idealism believes that we can only know the real world via ideas?, answer: Epistemological
Apart from being an ardent gamer Spielberg has had a long history of involvement in video games. He has been giving thanks to his games of his division DreamWorks Interactive most notable as Someone's in the Kitchen with script written by Animaniacs' Paul Rugg, Goosebumps: Escape from HorrorLand, The Neverhood (all in 1996), Skullmonkeys, Dilbert's Desktop Games, Goosebumps: Attack of the Mutant (all 1997), Boombots (1999), T'ai Fu: Wrath of the Tiger (1999), and Clive Barker's Undying (2001). In 2005 the director signed with Electronic Arts to collaborate on three games including an action game and an award winning puzzle game for the Wii called Boom Blox (and its 2009 sequel: Boom Blox Bash Party). Previously, he was involved in creating the scenario for the adventure game The Dig. In 1996, Spielberg worked on and shot original footage for a movie-making simulation game called Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair. He is the creator of the Medal of Honor series by Electronic Arts. He is credited in the special thanks section of the 1998 video game Trespasser. In 2013, Spielberg has announced he is collaborating with 343 Industries for a live-action TV show of Halo.

question: Who wrote the script for 'Someone's in the Kitchen'?, answer: Paul Rugg | question: When was 'Skullmonkeys' released?, answer: 1997 | question: When was Boombots released?, answer: 1999 | question: When was The Neverhood released?, answer: 1996 | question: What video game did Spielberg say in 2013 he's working on a TV show based on?, answer: Halo
Apart from its use as a reactant, H 2 has wide applications in physics and engineering. It is used as a shielding gas in welding methods such as atomic hydrogen welding. H2 is used as the rotor coolant in electrical generators at power stations, because it has the highest thermal conductivity of any gas. Liquid H2 is used in cryogenic research, including superconductivity studies. Because H 2 is lighter than air, having a little more than 1⁄14 of the density of air, it was once widely used as a lifting gas in balloons and airships.

question: Where else is H2 applied?, answer: in physics and engineering | question: How is H2 used in electrical generators at power stations?, answer: as the rotor coolant | question: Why is it used as the rotor coolant?, answer: it has the highest thermal conductivity of any gas | question: What research uses liquid H2?, answer: cryogenic
Apart from residences for upper and middle class households, sanitation is insufficient in most residential areas. Private flush toilets are too expensive for virtually all residents in townships due to their water consumption and installation cost. As a result, access to improved sanitation has not increased much since independence: In Namibia's rural areas 13% of the population had more than basic sanitation, up from 8% in 1990. Many of Namibia's inhabitants have to resort to "flying toilets", plastic bags to defecate which after use are flung into the bush. The use of open areas close to residential land to urinate and defecate is very common and has been identified as a major health hazard.

question: Most residential areas are insufficient in what area of Namibia?, answer: sanitation | question: Besides installation cost, why are private flush toilets too expensive for most residents in Namibia?, answer: water consumption | question: What do Namibian's use as a toilet?, answer: flying toilets | question: Where do flying toilets end up after use?, answer: bush | question: Urinating and defecating in public has been identified as what?, answer: major health hazard
Apart from the United Nations headquarters, the Swiss Confederation is host to many UN agencies, like the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and about 200 other international organisations, including the World Trade Organization and the World Intellectual Property Organization. The annual meetings of the World Economic Forum in Davos bring together top international business and political leaders from Switzerland and foreign countries to discuss important issues facing the world, including health and the environment. Additionally the headquarters of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) are located in Basel since 1930.

question: Besides the U.N. Headquarters, who hosts many U.N. agencies?, answer: Swiss Confederation | question: What does the ILO stand for?, answer: International Labour Organization | question: What is disucussed at the World Economic Forum in Davos?, answer: important issues facing the world, including health and the environment | question: What does BIS stand for?, answer: Bank for International Settlements | question: What does UNHCR stand for?, answer: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Apart from the passing of noble titles or ranks, inheritance practices did not involve primogeniture; each son received an equal share of the family property. Unlike the practice in later dynasties, the father usually sent his adult married sons away with their portions of the family fortune. Daughters received a portion of the family fortune through their marriage dowries, though this was usually much less than the shares of sons. A different distribution of the remainder could be specified in a will, but it is unclear how common this was.

question: How did daughters get their portion of the family fortune?, answer: marriage dowries | question: What type of title could be passed down?, answer: noble | question: What type of document could be produced to distribute some of an inheritance?, answer: a will | question: Was is guaranteed that a first born son would receive all of the family's fortune?, answer: inheritance practices did not involve primogeniture | question: Which family member commonly sent an adult married offspring away with their portion of the families fortune?, answer: the father
Apollo (Attic, Ionic, and Homeric Greek: Ἀπόλλων, Apollōn (GEN Ἀπόλλωνος); Doric: Ἀπέλλων, Apellōn; Arcadocypriot: Ἀπείλων, Apeilōn; Aeolic: Ἄπλουν, Aploun; Latin: Apollō) is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology. The ideal of the kouros (a beardless, athletic youth), Apollo has been variously recognized as a god of music, truth and prophecy, healing, the sun and light, plague, poetry, and more. Apollo is the son of Zeus and Leto, and has a twin sister, the chaste huntress Artemis. Apollo is known in Greek-influenced Etruscan mythology as Apulu.

question: What is the word for a beardless, athletic youth?, answer: kouros | question: What is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion?, answer: Apollo | question: Who are the parents of Apollo?, answer: Zeus and Leto | question: Who is Apollo's twin sister?, answer: Artemis | question: What name is Apollo known by in Etruscan mythology?, answer: Apulu
Apollo 11 left lunar orbit and returned to Earth, landing safely in the Pacific Ocean on July 24, 1969. When the spacecraft splashed down, 2,982 days had passed since Kennedy's commitment to landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth before the end of the decade; the mission was completed with 161 days to spare. With the safe completion of the Apollo 11 mission, the Americans won the race to the Moon.

question: When did the Apollo 11 mission land back on Earth?, answer: July 24, 1969 | question: Where did the Apollo 11 mission land back on Earth?, answer: Pacific Ocean
Apollo 11 was prepared with the goal of a July landing in the Sea of Tranquility. The crew, selected in January 1969, consisted of commander (CDR) Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot (CMP) Michael Collins, and Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin. They trained for the mission until just before the actual launch day. On July 16, 1969, at exactly 9:32 am EDT, the Saturn V rocket, AS-506, lifted off from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 in Florida.

question: Apollo 11 mission was to land where on the Moon?, answer: Sea of Tranquility | question: When did the Apollo 11 mission launch?, answer: July 16, 1969 | question: What state did the Saturn V rocket launch from?, answer: Florida | question: When was the crew chosen to participate on the Apollo 11 mission?, answer: January 1969
Apollo and his sister Artemis can bring death with their arrows. The conception that diseases and death come from invisible shots sent by supernatural beings, or magicians is common in Germanic and Norse mythology. In Greek mythology Artemis was the leader (ἡγεμών, "hegemon") of the nymphs, who had similar functions with the Nordic Elves. The "elf-shot" originally indicated disease or death attributed to the elves, but it was later attested denoting stone arrow-heads which were used by witches to harm people, and also for healing rituals.

question: Who is Apollo's sister?, answer: Artemis | question: It was believed that this woman could bring death with her arrows., answer: Artemis | question: In Greek mythology, who was the leader of the nymphs?, answer: Artemis
Apollo and the Furies argue about whether the matricide was justified; Apollo holds that the bond of marriage is sacred and Orestes was avenging his father, whereas the Erinyes say that the bond of blood between mother and son is more meaningful than the bond of marriage. They invade his temple, and he says that the matter should be brought before Athena. Apollo promises to protect Orestes, as Orestes has become Apollo's supplicant. Apollo advocates Orestes at the trial, and ultimately Athena rules in favor of Apollo.

question: Who argued about whether the matricide was justified?, answer: Apollo and the Furies | question: Who says the bond of blood between mother and son is more meaningfu than the bond of marriage?, answer: Erinyes | question: Who holds that the bond of marriage is sacred?, answer: Apollo | question: Who was accused of matricide?, answer: Orestes
Apollo as a handsome beardless young man, is often depicted with a kithara (as Apollo Citharoedus) or bow in his hand, or reclining on a tree (the Apollo Lykeios and Apollo Sauroctonos types). The Apollo Belvedere is a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century; for centuries it epitomized the ideals of Classical Antiquity for Europeans, from the Renaissance through the 19th century. The marble is a Hellenistic or Roman copy of a bronze original by the Greek sculptor Leochares, made between 350 and 325 BCE.

question: Who is often depicted with a kithara or bow in his hand?, answer: Apollo | question: What is the name of a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century?, answer: The Apollo Belvedere | question: Who made the Apollo Belvedere?, answer: Leochares | question: When did Leochares make The Apollo Belvedere?, answer: between 350 and 325 BCE
Apollo was worshipped as Actiacus (/ækˈtaɪ.əkəs/ ak-TY-ə-kəs; Ἄκτιακός, Aktiakos, literally "Actian"), Delphinius (/dɛlˈfɪniəs/ del-FIN-ee-əs; Δελφίνιος, Delphinios, literally "Delphic"), and Pythius (/ˈpɪθiəs/ PITH-ee-əs; Πύθιος, Puthios, from Πυθώ, Pythō, the area around Delphi), after Actium (Ἄκτιον) and Delphi (Δελφοί) respectively, two of his principal places of worship. An etiology in the Homeric hymns associated the epithet "Delphinius" with dolphins. He was worshipped as Acraephius (/əˈkriːfiəs/ ə-KREE-fee-əs; Ἀκραιφιος,[clarification needed] Akraiphios, literally "Acraephian") or Acraephiaeus (/əˌkriːfiˈiːəs/ ə-KREE-fee-EE-əs; Ἀκραιφιαίος, Akraiphiaios, literally "Acraephian") in the Boeotian town of Acraephia (Ἀκραιφία), reputedly founded by his son Acraepheus; and as Smintheus (/ˈsmɪnθjuːs/ SMIN-thews; Σμινθεύς, Smintheus, "Sminthian"—that is, "of the town of Sminthos or Sminthe") near the Troad town of Hamaxitus. The epithet "Smintheus" has historically been confused with σμίνθος, "mouse", in association with Apollo's role as a god of disease. For this he was also known as Parnopius (/pɑːrˈnoʊpiəs/ par-NOH-pee-əs; Παρνόπιος, Parnopios, from πάρνοψ, "locust") and to the Romans as Culicarius (/ˌkjuːlᵻˈkæriəs/ KEW-li-KARR-ee-əs; from Latin culicārius, "of midges").

question: The epithet Delphinius is associated with what animal?, answer: dolphins | question: Who is Apollo's son?, answer: Acraepheus | question: What epithet has historically been confused with "mouse?", answer: Smintheus
Aposematism, where organisms are brightly colored as a warning to predators, is the antithesis of camouflage. Some organisms pose a threat to their predators—for example they may be poisonous, or able to harm them physically. Aposematic coloring involves bright, easily recognizable and unique colors and patterns. For example, bright coloration in Variable Checkerspot butterflies leads to decreased predation attempts by avian predators. Upon being harmed (e.g., stung) by their prey, the appearance in such an organism will be remembered as something to avoid. While that particular prey organism may be killed, the coloring benefits the prey species as a whole.

question: What scientific term is used to describe organisms that are brightly colored as a warning to predators?, answer: Aposematism | question: Does aposematism benefit only the organism ddirectly, or the entire population as a whole?, answer: species as a whole | question: How does aposematism help a species population?, answer: Upon being harmed (e.g., stung) by their prey, the appearance in such an organism will be remembered as something to avoid | question: What visual cues are characteristic of aposematism?, answer: bright, easily recognizable and unique colors and patterns
Apparently the sailor did not connect with the soldier, as Mahan believed he was innovating the term Middle East. It was, however, already there to be seen.

question: Who did not connect with the soldier?, answer: the sailor | question: What did Mahan believe he was innovating?, answer: the term Middle East | question: What had already been there to be seen?, answer: the term Middle East