lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Mali (i/ˈmɑːli/; French: [maˈli]), officially the Republic of Mali (French: République du Mali), is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of just over 1,240,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi). The population of Mali is 14.5 million. Its capital is Bamako. Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara Desert, while the country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Senegal rivers. The country's economy centers on agriculture and fishing. Some of Mali's prominent natural resources include gold, being the third largest producer of gold in the African continent, and salt. About half the population lives below the international poverty line of $1.25 (U.S.) a day. A majority of the population (55%) are non-denominational Muslims.

question: Of Africa what rank in size country is Mali?, answer: Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa | question: What is Mali's capital named?, answer: Bamako | question: What are two major rivers located inside of Mali?, answer: Niger and Senegal rivers | question: Besides salt what other major natural resources does Mali produce?, answer: prominent natural resources include gold | question: More than half of the population is what religion?, answer: (55%) are non-denominational Muslims
Mali faces numerous health challenges related to poverty, malnutrition, and inadequate hygiene and sanitation. Mali's health and development indicators rank among the worst in the world. Life expectancy at birth is estimated to be 53.06 years in 2012. In 2000, 62–65 percent of the population was estimated to have access to safe drinking water and only 69 percent to sanitation services of some kind. In 2001, the general government expenditures on health totalled about US$4 per capita at an average exchange rate.

question: What four main health problems do the Malian people currently have?, answer: poverty, malnutrition, and inadequate hygiene and sanitation | question: How does Malian Health and development rank globally?, answer: among the worst in the world | question: As of 2012 50.3 years is considered the Malian peoples averages of what statistic?, answer: Life expectancy | question: In 2000 what percentage of the population had access to safe drinking water?, answer: 62–65 | question: In 2000 roughly how much of the population had access to sanitation services?, answer: 69
Mali lies in the torrid zone and is among the hottest countries in the world. The thermal equator, which matches the hottest spots year-round on the planet based on the mean daily annual temperature, crosses the country. Most of Mali receives negligible rainfall and droughts are very frequent. Late June to early December is the rainy season in the southernmost area. During this time, flooding of the Niger River is common, creating the Inner Niger Delta. The vast northern desert part of Mali has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification (BWh) with long, extremely hot summers and scarce rainfall which decreases northwards. The central area has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification (BSh) with very high temperatures year-round, a long, intense dry season and a brief, irregular rainy season. The little southern band possesses a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen climate classification (Aw) very high temperatures year-round with a dry season and a rainy season.

question: Mali is located in what Zone?, answer: torrid | question: What months are have a rainy season in the South?, answer: June to early December | question: Flooding of what river is typical during these months?, answer: Niger River | question: What is the name of the Delta that these floods cause?, answer: Inner Niger | question: What part of the country has the Köppen Climate Classification of (BWh)?, answer: northern desert
Mali underwent economic reform, beginning in 1988 by signing agreements with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. During 1988 to 1996, Mali's government largely reformed public enterprises. Since the agreement, sixteen enterprises were privatized, 12 partially privatized, and 20 liquidated. In 2005, the Malian government conceded a railroad company to the Savage Corporation. Two major companies, Societé de Telecommunications du Mali (SOTELMA) and the Cotton Ginning Company (CMDT), were expected to be privatized in 2008.

question: In what year did Mali start economic changes?, answer: 1988 | question: Mali signed agreements with what to parties that began their economic changes?, answer: World Bank and the International Monetary Fund | question: In what years did Mali restructure public enterprises?, answer: 1988 to 1996 | question: How many enterprises have been made completely private since the agreement?, answer: sixteen enterprises | question: How many companies were completely liquidated?, answer: 20
Mali's constitution provides for an independent judiciary, but the executive continues to exercise influence over the judiciary by virtue of power to appoint judges and oversee both judicial functions and law enforcement. Mali's highest courts are the Supreme Court, which has both judicial and administrative powers, and a separate Constitutional Court that provides judicial review of legislative acts and serves as an election arbiter. Various lower courts exist, though village chiefs and elders resolve most local disputes in rural areas.

question: What is Mali's highest court?, answer: Supreme Court | question: What controls do the supreme court have?, answer: both judicial and administrative powers | question: Constitutional Court provides what type of review of legislative acts?, answer: judicial review | question: Constitutional Court also serves as what type of arbiter?, answer: election | question: Local disputes in rural areas are usually handled by what individuals?, answer: village chiefs and elders
Malian migrants have long worked on cocoa farms in the Ivory Coast, but in 2000 cocoa prices had dropped to a 10-year low and some farmers stopped paying their employees. The Malian counsel had to rescue some boys who had not been paid for five years and who were beaten if they tried to run away. Malian officials believed that 15,000 children, some as young as 11 years old, were working in the Ivory Coast in 2001. These children were often from poor families or the slums and were sold to work in other countries. Parents were told the children would find work and send money home, but once the children left home, they often worked in conditions resembling slavery. In other cases, children begging for food were lured from bus stations and sold as slaves. In 2002, the Ivory Coast had 12,000 children with no relatives nearby, which suggested they were trafficked, likely from neighboring Mali, Burkina Faso and Togo.

question: What migrants worked on the Ivory Coast?, answer: Malian | question: After a 10 year low in prices what did some farmers resort to?, answer: stopped paying their employees | question: Where did the children mainly come from?, answer: slums | question: Where were begging children often targeted for being sold into slavery?, answer: bus stations
Malian musical traditions are derived from the griots, who are known as "Keepers of Memories". Malian music is diverse and has several different genres. Some famous Malian influences in music are kora virtuoso musician Toumani Diabaté, the late roots and blues guitarist Ali Farka Touré, the Tuareg band Tinariwen, and several Afro-pop artists such as Salif Keita, the duo Amadou et Mariam, Oumou Sangare, and Habib Koité. Dance also plays a large role in Malian culture. Dance parties are common events among friends, and traditional mask dances are performed at ceremonial events.

question: What is the translation or meaning of a griot?, answer: Keepers of Memories | question: Aside from music what other activity plays a significant role in culture?, answer: Dance | question: What type of garment or accessory is traditionally worn at some of the dances held?, answer: mask | question: What is the name of the musician that was a part of the roots and was also a blues guitarist?, answer: Ali Farka Touré | question: What is a well known Afro-pop artist?, answer: Salif Keita
Malnutrition refers to insufficient, excessive, or imbalanced consumption of nutrients by an organism. In developed countries, the diseases of malnutrition are most often associated with nutritional imbalances or excessive consumption. In developing countries, malnutrition is more likely to be caused by poor access to a range of nutritious foods or inadequate knowledge. In Mali the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and the Aga Khan Foundation, trained women's groups to make equinut, a healthy and nutritional version of the traditional recipe di-dèguè (comprising peanut paste, honey and millet or rice flour). The aim was to boost nutrition and livelihoods by producing a product that women could make and sell, and which would be accepted by the local community because of its local heritage.

question: An imbalance in the intake of nutrients by any organism can be referred by which term?, answer: Malnutrition | question: In what kind of country is malnutrition often found as excessive consumption or as a nutritional imbalance?, answer: developed | question: Aside from inadequate knowledge, what else is characteristic of malnutrition found in developing countries?, answer: poor access to a range of nutritious foods | question: What is the name of the traditional Mali recipe that equinut is a twist on?, answer: di-dèguè | question: What is the abbreviation ICRISAT short for?, answer: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
Mammalian hair, also known as pelage, can vary in color between populations, organisms within a population, and even on the individual organism. Light-dark color variation is common in the mammalian taxa. Sometimes, this color variation is determined by age variation, however, in other cases, it is determined by other factors. Selective pressures, such as ecological interactions with other populations or environmental conditions, often lead to the variation in mammalian coloration. These selective pressures favor certain colors in order to increase survival. Camouflage is thought to be a major selection pressure shaping coloration in mammals, although there is also evidence that sexual selection, communication, and physiological processes may influence the evolution of coloration as well. Camouflage is the most predominant mechanism for color variation, as it aids in the concealment of the organisms from predators or from their prey. Coat color can also be for intraspecies communication such as warning members of their species about predators, indicating health for reproductive purposes, communicating between mother and young, and intimidating predators. Studies have shown that in some cases, differences in female and male coat color could indicate information nutrition and hormone levels, which are important in the mate selection process. One final mechanism for coat color variation is physiological response purposes, such as temperature regulation in tropical or arctic environments. Although much has been observed about color variation, much of the genetic that link coat color to genes is still unknown. The genetic sites where pigmentation genes are found are known to affect phenotype by: 1) altering the spatial distribution of pigmentation of the hairs, and 2) altering the density and distribution of the hairs. Quantitative trait mapping is being used to better understand the distribution of loci responsible for pigmentation variation. However, although the genetic sites are known, there is still much to learn about how these genes are expressed.

question: What is another name used for mammalian hair?, answer: pelage | question: Which color of hair is most common among mammalian taxa?, answer: Light-dark color | question: Besides Camouflage being a reason for having certain hair colors, what other reasons have been discovered?, answer: sexual selection, communication, and physiological processes
Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation. Mammals range in size from the 30–40 mm (1.2–1.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale.

question: Which specific mammal is the largest today?, answer: blue whale | question: Which mammal is the smallest?, answer: bumblebee bat | question: Which four legged mammal is considered to be the smartest?, answer: elephants | question: About how small is the average bumble bee bat?, answer: 30–40 mm (1.2–1.6 in)
Managers in the Premier League are involved in the day-to-day running of the team, including the training, team selection, and player acquisition. Their influence varies from club-to-club and is related to the ownership of the club and the relationship of the manager with fans. Managers are required to have a UEFA Pro Licence which is the final coaching qualification available, and follows the completion of the UEFA 'B' and 'A' Licences. The UEFA Pro Licence is required by every person who wishes to manage a club in the Premier League on a permanent basis (i.e. more than 12 weeks – the amount of time an unqualified caretaker manager is allowed to take control). Caretaker appointments are managers that fill the gap between a managerial departure and a new appointment. Several caretaker managers have gone on to secure a permanent managerial post after performing well as a caretaker; examples include Paul Hart at Portsmouth and David Pleat at Tottenham Hotspur.

question: What are some of the every day tasks that a manager of a team has to deal with?, answer: Managers in the Premier League are involved in the day-to-day running of the team, including the training, team selection, and player acquisition. | question: What type of licence does a manager need?, answer: Managers are required to have a UEFA Pro Licence | question: Is this licence required on a permanent basis?, answer: The UEFA Pro Licence is required by every person who wishes to manage a club in the Premier League on a permanent basis | question: Give an example of someone who was a caretaker manager?, answer: examples include Paul Hart at Portsmouth and David Pleat at Tottenham Hotspur. | question: What is a caretaker manager?, answer: Caretaker appointments are managers that fill the gap between a managerial departure and a new appointment. | question: What license are managers in the Premier League required to hold?, answer: UEFA Pro Licence | question: Which licence follows completion of both the UEFA B and A licences?, answer: UEFA Pro Licence | question: For how long at most is an unlicenced caretaker manager allowed to control a Premier League team for?, answer: 12 weeks | question: Which caretaker manager was later promoted to permanent manager at Portsmouth?, answer: Paul Hart | question: Which caretaker manager was later promoted to permanent manager at Tottenham Hotspur?, answer: David Pleat
Mandolin awareness in the United States blossomed in the 1880s, as the instrument became part of a fad that continued into the mid-1920s. According to Clarence L. Partee, the first mandolin made in the United States was made in 1883 or 1884 by Joseph Bohmann, who was an established maker of violins in Chicago. Partee characterized the early instrument as being larger than the European instruments he was used to, with a "peculiar shape" and "crude construction," and said that the quality improved, until American instruments were "superior" to imported instruments. At the time, Partee was using an imported French-made mandolin.

question: When did madolin awareness in the US become fluent?, answer: 1880s | question: When was the first madolin made in the US?, answer: 1883 or 1884 | question: Who made the first US mandolin?, answer: Joseph Bohm | question: Where was Joseph Bohmann from?, answer: Chicago | question: What type of madolin was Partee using ?, answer: French-made mandolin
Mandolin has also been used in blues music, most notably by Ry Cooder, who performed outstanding covers on his very first recordings, Yank Rachell, Johnny "Man" Young, Carl Martin, and Gerry Hundt. Howard Armstrong, who is famous for blues violin, got his start with his father's mandolin and played in string bands similar to the other Tennessee string bands he came into contact with, with band makeup including "mandolins and fiddles and guitars and banjos. And once in a while they would ease a little ukulele in there and a bass fiddle." Other blues players from the era's string bands include Willie Black (Whistler And His Jug Band), Dink Brister, Jim Hill, Charles Johnson, Coley Jones (Dallas String Band), Bobby Leecan (Need More Band), Alfred Martin, Charlie McCoy (1909-1950), Al Miller, Matthew Prater, and Herb Quinn.

question: Who got his start with his father's mandolin?, answer: Howard Armstrong, | question: Who is the most popular blue music mandolinist?, answer: Ry Cooder | question: What other instrument did the Tennessee string bands use?, answer: ukulele in there and a bass fiddle | question: Who played in the Whistler and His Jug Band?, answer: Willie Black
Manifold vacuum can be used to drive accessories on automobiles. The best-known application is the vacuum servo, used to provide power assistance for the brakes. Obsolete applications include vacuum-driven windscreen wipers and Autovac fuel pumps. Some aircraft instruments (Attitude Indicator (AI) and the Heading Indicator (HI)) are typically vacuum-powered, as protection against loss of all (electrically powered) instruments, since early aircraft often did not have electrical systems, and since there are two readily available sources of vacuum on a moving aircraft—the engine and an external venturi. Vacuum induction melting uses electromagnetic induction within a vacuum.

question: What provides power assistance for auto brakes?, answer: vacuum servo | question: What are two available sources of vacuum on a moving airplane?, answer: engine and an external venturi | question: Why are the Attitude indicator and heading indicator vacuum-powered?, answer: protection against loss of all (electrically powered) instruments, | question: What does a manifold vacuum do on a car?, answer: drive accessories | question: What no longer used accessories were powered by vacuum?, answer: vacuum-driven windscreen wipers and Autovac fuel pumps
Manufacturers of devices may have their own proprietary numbering system, for example CK722. Since devices are second-sourced, a manufacturer's prefix (like "MPF" in MPF102, which originally would denote a Motorola FET) now is an unreliable indicator of who made the device. Some proprietary naming schemes adopt parts of other naming schemes, for example a PN2222A is a (possibly Fairchild Semiconductor) 2N2222A in a plastic case (but a PN108 is a plastic version of a BC108, not a 2N108, while the PN100 is unrelated to other xx100 devices).

question: What was once an indicator of the devices creator?, answer: a manufacturer's prefix | question: What makes a manufacturer's prefix less reliable?, answer: devices are second-sourced | question: What is the marking for a 2N2222A in a plastic case?, answer: PN2222A | question: What is a plastic version of a BC108?, answer: PN108
Many Baptist churches choose to affiliate with organizational groups that provide fellowship without control. The largest such group is the Southern Baptist Convention. There also are a substantial number of smaller cooperative groups. Finally, there are Baptist churches that choose to remain autonomous and independent of any denomination, organization, or association. It has been suggested that a primary Baptist principle is that local Baptist Churches are independent and self-governing, and if so the term 'Baptist denomination' may be considered somewhat incongruous.

question: What is the largest fellowship without control?, answer: Southern Baptist Convention | question: It has been suggested that a primary Baptist principle is that local Baptist Churches are what?, answer: independent and self-governing | question: What term is considered somewhat incongrous is a self-governing church?, answer: Baptist denomination
Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.

question: How many distinctions in stops do languages like Bengali and Hindi have?, answer: four | question: What is another term for voice-aspirated?, answer: breathy-voiced | question: Which distinction has Punjabi lost?, answer: breathy-voiced consonants
Many Islamic anti-Masonic arguments are closely tied to both antisemitism and Anti-Zionism, though other criticisms are made such as linking Freemasonry to al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah). Some Muslim anti-Masons argue that Freemasonry promotes the interests of the Jews around the world and that one of its aims is to destroy the Al-Aqsa Mosque in order to rebuild the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem. In article 28 of its Covenant, Hamas states that Freemasonry, Rotary, and other similar groups "work in the interest of Zionism and according to its instructions ..."

question: What do Islamic anti-masonics link Freemasonry to?, answer: al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah | question: Why do muslim anti-masonics believe that the Freemasons want to destroy the Al-Aqsa Mosque?, answer: rebuild the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem | question: What is another group that anti-masonic muslims link to zionism?, answer: Rotary | question: What are most of the arguements by anti-masonic muslims centered on?, answer: antisemitism and Anti-Zionism | question: Who's interests are the muslin anti-masonics afraid that the Freemasons are protecting?, answer: Jews | question: What do many Islamic and anti-Masonic argue about Freemasonry?, answer: linking Freemasonry to al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah) | question: Some Muslims argue that Freemasonry promotes what?, answer: the interests of the Jews | question: What article states that Freemasonry work in the interest of Zionism?, answer: article 28
Many Latin American migrants have been mestizo, Amerindian, or other mixed race. Multiracial Latinos have limited media appearance; critics have accused the U.S. Hispanic media of overlooking the brown-skinned indigenous and multiracial Hispanic and black Hispanic populations by over-representation of blond and blue/green-eyed white Hispanic and Latino Americans (who resemble Scandinavians and other Northern Europeans rather than they look like white Hispanic and Latino Americans mostly of typical Southern European features), and also light-skinned mulatto and mestizo Hispanic and Latino Americans (often deemed as white persons in U.S. Hispanic and Latino populations if achieving the middle class or higher social status), especially some of the actors on the telenovelas.

question: What are many Latin American migrants?, answer: mestizo, Amerindian, or other mixed race | question: What do latinos consider a light skinned mulatto to be?, answer: white | question: Who is overlooking darker skinned latino multiracial people?, answer: the U.S. Hispanic media | question: What does the typical latino in media look like?, answer: blond and blue/green-eyed white