lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The foundation of Northwestern University is traceable to a meeting on May 31, 1850 of nine prominent Chicago businessmen, Methodist leaders and attorneys who had formed the idea of establishing a university to serve what had once been known as the Northwest Territory. On January 28, 1851, the Illinois General Assembly granted a charter to the Trustees of the North-Western University, making it the first chartered university in Illinois. The school's nine founders, all of whom were Methodists (three of them ministers), knelt in prayer and worship before launching their first organizational meeting. Although they affiliated the university with the Methodist Episcopal Church, they were committed to non-sectarian admissions, believing that Northwestern should serve all people in the newly developing territory.

question: How many founders did Northwestern University have?, answer: nine | question: What type of church is Northwestern University associated with?, answer: Methodist Episcopal Church | question: What was the date that lay down the foundation for Northwestern University?, answer: May 31, 1850 | question: How many ministers founded Northwestern University?, answer: three | question: What denomination did the all of the founders associated with?, answer: Methodists | question: In what environment was the foundation for Northwestern University planned on May 31, 1850?, answer: a meeting | question: Who granted a charter to the Trustees of the North-Western University in January of 1851?, answer: the Illinois General Assembly | question: What was the religious affiliation of all 9 founding members of Northwestern?, answer: Methodists | question: How many of Northwestern's 9 founders were ministers?, answer: three | question: Which church did the 9 founders of Northwestern affiliate the university with?, answer: Methodist Episcopal
The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V, Emperor of India during the Delhi Durbar of 1911. It was designed by British architects, Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by India's Viceroy Lord Irwin.

question: Who laid the foundation stone of New Delhi?, answer: George V | question: In what year was the foundation stone of New Delhi laid?, answer: 1911 | question: Who designed the foundation stone of the city of New Delhi?, answer: Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker | question: On what date was New Delhi inaugurated?, answer: 13 February 1931 | question: Who inaugurated the city of New Delhi?, answer: Viceroy Lord Irwin
The foundation trust invests undistributed assets, with the exclusive goal of maximizing the return on investment. As a result, its investments include companies that have been criticized for worsening poverty in the same developing countries where the foundation is attempting to relieve poverty. These include companies that pollute heavily and pharmaceutical companies that do not sell into the developing world. In response to press criticism, the foundation announced in 2007 a review of its investments to assess social responsibility. It subsequently cancelled the review and stood by its policy of investing for maximum return, while using voting rights to influence company practices.

question: What does the Trust invest, answer: The foundation trust invests undistributed assets | question: What is the goal of the Trust investments, answer: exclusive goal of maximizing the return on investment | question: What are some of the negatives of the investments, answer: its investments include companies that have been criticized for worsening poverty in the same developing countries | question: What type of company's are critiscized, answer: These include companies that pollute heavily and pharmaceutical companies that do not sell into the developing world | question: As a result of the critics what did the company announce, answer: the foundation announced in 2007 a review of its investments to assess social responsibility. It subsequently cancelled the review
The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496 King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the European discovery of America, and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland (mistakenly believing, like Christopher Columbus, that he had reached Asia), there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but nothing was heard of his ships again.

question: When was John Cabot's voyage commissioned?, answer: 1496 | question: Who commissioned John Cabot's voyage?, answer: King Henry VII of England | question: Where was Cabot trying to find a route to via the North Atlantic?, answer: Asia | question: Where did Cabot make landfall?, answer: Newfoundland | question: Which explorer did Cabot make a mistake similar to?, answer: Christopher Columbus
The four main dialectal forms of Old English were Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish, and West Saxon. Mercian and Northumbrian are together referred to as Anglian. In terms of geography the Northumbrian region lay north of the Humber River; the Mercian lay north of the Thames and South of the Humber River; West Saxon lay south and southwest of the Thames; and the smallest, Kentish region lay southeast of the Thames, a small corner of England. The Kentish region, settled by the Jutes from Jutland, has the scantiest literary remains.

question: Along with West Saxon, Northumbrian and Mercian, what was one of the four main dialects of Old English?, answer: Kentish | question: What is a term that collectively refers to Northumbrian and Mercian?, answer: Anglian | question: Geographically, what river was Northumbria north of?, answer: Humber | question: What river was the Mercian region south of?, answer: Humber | question: Which of the Old English dialects covered the smallest geograhical region?, answer: Kentish
The four-year, full-time undergraduate program comprises the majority of enrollments at the university and emphasizes instruction in the arts and sciences, plus the professions of engineering, journalism, communication, music, and education. Although a foundation in the liberal arts and sciences is required in all majors, there is no required common core curriculum; individual degree requirements are set by the faculty of each school. Northwestern's full-time undergraduate and graduate programs operate on an approximately 10-week academic quarter system with the academic year beginning in late September and ending in early June. Undergraduates typically take four courses each quarter and twelve courses in an academic year and are required to complete at least twelve quarters on campus to graduate. Northwestern offers honors, accelerated, and joint degree programs in medicine, science, mathematics, engineering, and journalism. The comprehensive doctoral graduate program has high coexistence with undergraduate programs.

question: Which 4-year program comprises the majority of enrollments at Northwestern?, answer: full-time undergraduate | question: Who sets individual degree requirements at Northwestern?, answer: the faculty of each school | question: How many quarters are undergraduates required to complete on campus to graduate?, answer: at least twelve | question: How many courses do undergrads typically take each quarter?, answer: four | question: How many weeks is one academic quarter at Northwestern?, answer: approximately 10
The fourth Digimon series, which began airing on April 7, 2002, radically departs from the previous three by focusing on a new and very different kind of evolution, Spirit Evolution, in which the human characters use their D-Tectors (this series' Digivice) to transform themselves into special Digimon called Legendary Warriors, detracting from the customary formula of having digital partners. After receiving unusual phone messages from Ophanimon (one of the three ruling Digimon alongside Seraphimon and Cherubimon) Takuya Kanbara, Koji Minamoto, Junpei Shibayama, Zoe Orimoto, Tommy Himi, and Koichi Kimura go to a subway station and take a train to the Digital World. Summoned by Ophanimon, the Digidestined realize that they must find the ten legendary spirits and stop the forces of Cherubimon from physically destroying the Digital World. After finding the ten spirits of the Legendary Warriors and defeating Mercurymon, Grumblemon, Ranamon, and Arbormon, they finally end up fighting Cherubimon hoping to foil his effort to dominate the Digital World. After the defeat of Cherubimon, the Digidestined find they must face an even greater challenge as they try to stop the Royal Knights—Dynasmon and Crusadermon—from destroying the Digital World and using the collected data to revive the original ruler of the Digital World: the tyrannical Lucemon. Ultimately the Digidestined fail in preventing Lucemon from reawakening but they do manage to prevent him from escaping into the Real World. In the final battle, all of the legendary spirits the digidestined have collected thus far merge and create Susanoomon. With this new form, the digidestined are able to effectively defeat Lucemon and save the Digital World. In general, Frontier has a much lighter tone than that of Tamers, yet remains darker than Adventure and Adventure 02.

question: When did the fourth series of Digimon begin?, answer: April 7, 2002 | question: What was the main focus surrounding the fourth series?, answer: Spirit Evolution | question: What did the characters use to transform themselves into special Digimons?, answer: D-Tectors | question: After the characters transformed into special Digimons, what were they called?, answer: Legendary Warriors
The fourth a cappella musical to appear Off-Broadway, In Transit, premiered 5 October 2010 and was produced by Primary Stages with book, music, and lyrics by Kristen Anderson-Lopez, James-Allen Ford, Russ Kaplan, and Sara Wordsworth. Set primarily in the New York City subway system its score features an eclectic mix of musical genres (including jazz, hip hop, Latin, rock, and country). In Transit incorporates vocal beat boxing into its contemporary a cappella arrangements through the use of a subway beat boxer character. Beat boxer and actor Chesney Snow performed this role for the 2010 Primary Stages production. According to the show's website, it is scheduled to reopen for an open-ended commercial run in the Fall of 2011. In 2011 the production received four Lucille Lortel Award nominations including Outstanding Musical, Outer Critics Circle and Drama League nominations, as well as five Drama Desk nominations including Outstanding Musical and won for Outstanding Ensemble Performance.

question: What is the name of the a cappella musical that debuted Off-Broadway in the same year as Perfect Harmony?, answer: In Transit | question: Where does most of In Transit take place?, answer: the New York City subway system | question: What a cappella vocal style is implemented in many of In Transit's songs?, answer: beat boxing | question: How many Lucille Lortel Awards was In Transit nominated for?, answer: four | question: What is the name of the actor who played the subway beat boxer?, answer: Chesney Snow
The franchise was first created in 1997 as a series of virtual pets, akin to—and influenced in style by—the contemporary Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys. The creatures were first designed to look cute and iconic even on the devices' small screens; later developments had them created with a harder-edged style influenced by American comics. The franchise gained momentum with its first anime incarnation, Digimon Adventure, and an early video game, Digimon World, both released in 1999. Several seasons of the anime and films based on them have aired, and the video game series has expanded into genres such as role-playing, racing, fighting, and MMORPGs. Other media forms have also been released.

question: When did Digimon first appear?, answer: 1997 | question: Name the original Digimon anime., answer: Digimon Adventure | question: Name the Digimon video game that was released in 1999., answer: Digimon World | question: Name two types of toys the original Digimon bore a close resemblence to., answer: Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys | question: When was the Digimon series created?, answer: 1997 | question: What influenced the look of the Digimons?, answer: Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys | question: In what year was the Digimon video game released?, answer: 1999
The francophone Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer produced comic strips beginning in 1827, and published theories behind the form. Cartoons appeared widely in newspapers and magazines from the 19th century. The success of Zig et Puce in 1925 popularized the use of speech balloons in European comics, after which Franco-Belgian comics began to dominate. The Adventures of Tintin, with its signature clear line style, was first serialized in newspaper comics supplements beginning in 1929, and became an icon of Franco-Belgian comics.

question: Who started producing comic strips and theories about them in 1827?, answer: Rodolphe Töpffer | question: What century had comics in wide production?, answer: 19th | question: What 1925 cartoon made speech bubbles popular?, answer: Zig et Puce | question: What comics began to dominate in Europe?, answer: Franco-Belgian | question: When was "The Adventures of Tintin" serialized?, answer: 1929
The freedom to form, declare membership in, or campaign for candidates from a political party is considered a measurement of a state's adherence to liberal democracy as a political value. Regulation of parties may run from a crackdown on or repression of all opposition parties, a norm for authoritarian governments, to the repression of certain parties which hold or promote ideals which run counter to the general ideology of the state's incumbents (or possess membership by-laws which are legally unenforceable).

question: What is considered a measurement of a state's support to liberal democracy?, answer: The freedom to form, declare membership in, or campaign for | question: How are parties regulated?, answer: a crackdown on or repression of all opposition parties | question: Will parties that hold a counter belief to the general beliefs of the state's incumbents be repressed?, answer: to the repression of certain parties which hold or promote ideals which run counter to the general ideology of the state's incumbents
The front page caused outrage in Liverpool, where the paper lost more than three-quarters of its estimated 55,000 daily sales and still sells poorly in the city more than 25 years later (around 12,000). It is unavailable in many parts of the city, as many newsagents refuse to stock it. It was revealed in a documentary called Alexei Sayle's Liverpool, aired in September 2008, that many Liverpudlians will not even take the newspaper for free, and those who do may simply burn or tear it up. Liverpudlians refer to the paper as 'The Scum' with campaigners believing it handicapped their fight for justice.

question: Where did The sun lose a large portion of its daily sales as a result of the front page?, answer: Liverpool | question: What were the estimated daily sales in Liverpool 25 years later?, answer: around 12,000 | question: What documentary aired in 2008?, answer: Alexei Sayle's Liverpool | question: What do many Liverpool residents do with the paper even if given to them free?, answer: simply burn or tear it up | question: What name have Liverpool residents given to The Sun?, answer: The Scum'
The function of Apollo as a "healer" is connected with Paean (Παιών-Παιήων), the physician of the Gods in the Iliad, who seems to come from a more primitive religion. Paeοn is probably connected with the Mycenean pa-ja-wo-ne (Linear B: 𐀞𐀊𐀍𐀚), but this is not certain. He did not have a separate cult, but he was the personification of the holy magic-song sung by the magicians that was supposed to cure disease. Later the Greeks knew the original meaning of the relevant song "paean" (παιάν). The magicians were also called "seer-doctors" (ἰατρομάντεις), and they used an ecstatic prophetic art which was used exactly by the god Apollo at the oracles.

question: What were magicians also called?, answer: seer-doctors | question: Who is the physician of the Gods in the Iliad?, answer: Paean
The functional interpretation of the term "rule of law", consistent with the traditional English meaning, contrasts the "rule of law" with the "rule of man." According to the functional view, a society in which government officers have a great deal of discretion has a low degree of "rule of law", whereas a society in which government officers have little discretion has a high degree of "rule of law". Upholding the rule of law can sometimes require the punishment of those who commit offenses that are justifiable under natural law but not statutory law. The rule of law is thus somewhat at odds with flexibility, even when flexibility may be preferable.

question: According to the functional interpretation, what principle is opposite of the rule of man?, answer: rule of law | question: What level of discretion do governments with a high degree of the "rule of law" have?, answer: little | question: What level of discretion do governments with a low degree of the "rule of law" have?, answer: a great deal | question: What happens to those that do not follow to the rule of law?, answer: punishment | question: What fights against the rule of law?, answer: flexibility
The functions of the brain depend on the ability of neurons to transmit electrochemical signals to other cells, and their ability to respond appropriately to electrochemical signals received from other cells. The electrical properties of neurons are controlled by a wide variety of biochemical and metabolic processes, most notably the interactions between neurotransmitters and receptors that take place at synapses.

question: The electrical properties of neurons are controlled by what?, answer: neurotransmitters and receptors that take place at synapses | question: What type of signals do neurons transfer from one another?, answer: electrochemical
The funding and organization of universities varies widely between different countries around the world. In some countries universities are predominantly funded by the state, while in others funding may come from donors or from fees which students attending the university must pay. In some countries the vast majority of students attend university in their local town, while in other countries universities attract students from all over the world, and may provide university accommodation for their students.

question: How does the financial backing of universities around the world differ?, answer: varies widely | question: Outside of state funded schools, and funds coming from donors, how might a university collect funds?, answer: fees which students attending the university | question: In nations that accept students from through the world what might the university offer to a student?, answer: accommodation
The future of projectile based weapons may be found in the railgun. Currently tests are underway on developing systems that could create as much damage as a Tomahawk (missile), but at a fraction of the cost. In February 2008 the US Navy tested a railgun; it fired a shell at 5,600 miles (9,000 km) per hour using 10 megajoules of energy. Its expected performance is over 13,000 miles (21,000 km) per hour muzzle velocity, accurate enough to hit a 5-meter target from 200 nautical miles (370 km) away while shooting at 10 shots per minute. It is expected to be ready in 2020 to 2025.[verification needed] These systems while currently designed for static targets would only need the ability to be retargeted to become the next generation of AA system.

question: Where can the future of projectile based weapons possibly be found?, answer: the railgun | question: Testing is being done on weapons to create as much damage as what missile at a much lower cost?, answer: a Tomahawk | question: When did the United States Navy test a railgun?, answer: February 2008 | question: How fast was the shell that the Navy fired from the railgun?, answer: 5,600 miles (9,000 km) per hour | question: When is the railgun expected to be ready?, answer: 2020 to 2025
The game Total War: Shogun 2 has the Rise of the Samurai expansion pack as downloadable campaign. It allows the player to make their own version of the Gempei War which happened during the Heian period. The player is able to choose one of the most powerful families of Japan at the time, the Taira, Minamoto or Fujiwara; each family fielding two branches for a total of six playable clans. The expansion pack features a different set of land units, ships and buildings and is also playable in the multiplayer modes.

question: Which Total War game has an expansion set during the Heian period?, answer: Shogun 2 | question: What families are playable characters in Total War: Shogun 2?, answer: Taira, Minamoto or Fujiwara | question: The Rise of the Samurai expansion for Total War: Shogun 2 depicts which war during the Heian period?, answer: Gempei War
The game pad controllers were more-or-less copied directly from the Game & Watch machines, although the Famicom design team originally wanted to use arcade-style joysticks, even taking apart ones from American game consoles to see how they worked. However, it was eventually decided that children might step on joysticks left on the floor and their durability was also questioned. Katsuyah Nakawaka attached a Game & Watch D-pad to the Famicom prototype and found that it was easy to use and had no discomfort. Ultimately though, they did install a 15-pin expansion port on the front of the console so that an arcade-style joystick could be used optionally. The controllers were hard-wired to the console with no connectors for cost reasons.

question: Who attached a Game & Watch D-pad to the Famicom prototype?, answer: Katsuyah Nakawaka | question: What was installed on the front of the console so the joystick could be used?, answer: 15-pin expansion port | question: Why were the controllers hard-wired to the console with no connectors?, answer: cost reasons | question: Where were the game pad controllers copied from?, answer: Game & Watch machines
The gas centrifuge process, where gaseous uranium hexafluoride (UF 6) is separated by the difference in molecular weight between 235UF6 and 238UF6 using high-speed centrifuges, is the cheapest and leading enrichment process. The gaseous diffusion process had been the leading method for enrichment and was used in the Manhattan Project. In this process, uranium hexafluoride is repeatedly diffused through a silver-zinc membrane, and the different isotopes of uranium are separated by diffusion rate (since uranium 238 is heavier it diffuses slightly slower than uranium-235). The molecular laser isotope separation method employs a laser beam of precise energy to sever the bond between uranium-235 and fluorine. This leaves uranium-238 bonded to fluorine and allows uranium-235 metal to precipitate from the solution. An alternative laser method of enrichment is known as atomic vapor laser isotope separation (AVLIS) and employs visible tunable lasers such as dye lasers. Another method used is liquid thermal diffusion.

question: What is the name of the most widely used enrichment process?, answer: gas centrifuge | question: What compound is UF6?, answer: uranium hexafluoride | question: What enrichment process was used by the Manhattan Project?, answer: gaseous diffusion | question: In the gaseous diffusion process, what is diffused through a silver-zinc membrane?, answer: uranium hexafluoride | question: How does the weight of uranium-238 compare to that of uranium-235?, answer: heavier