lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Because of their long life, fast switching times, and their ability to be seen in broad daylight due to their high output and focus, LEDs have been used in brake lights for cars' high-mounted brake lights, trucks, and buses, and in turn signals for some time, but many vehicles now use LEDs for their rear light clusters. The use in brakes improves safety, due to a great reduction in the time needed to light fully, or faster rise time, up to 0.5 second faster[citation needed] than an incandescent bulb. This gives drivers behind more time to react. In a dual intensity circuit (rear markers and brakes) if the LEDs are not pulsed at a fast enough frequency, they can create a phantom array, where ghost images of the LED will appear if the eyes quickly scan across the array. White LED headlamps are starting to be used. Using LEDs has styling advantages because LEDs can form much thinner lights than incandescent lamps with parabolic reflectors.

question: Because of their high output, LED lights are very useful where?, answer: brake lights for cars | question: Why are LED lights sought after for various applications?, answer: their long life | question: LED brake lights are how many times faster than incandescent ones?, answer: 0.5 second | question: What color LEDs are now starting to be used more?, answer: White | question: What types of light can LEDs form better than incandescent?, answer: thinner
Because rebroadcast transmitters were not planned to be converted to digital, many markets stood to lose over-the-air coverage from CBC or Radio-Canada, or both. As a result, only seven of the markets subject to the August 31, 2011 transition deadline were planned to have both CBC and Radio-Canada in digital, and 13 other markets were planned to have either CBC or Radio-Canada in digital. In mid-August 2011, the CRTC granted the CBC an extension, until August 31, 2012, to continue operating its analogue transmitters in markets subject to the August 31, 2011 transition deadline. This CRTC decision prevented many markets subject to the transition deadline from losing signals for CBC or Radio-Canada, or both at the transition deadline. At the transition deadline, Barrie, Ontario lost both CBC and Radio-Canada signals as the CBC did not request that the CRTC allow these transmitters to continue operating.

question: When was CBC's anologue upgrade extension set to expire?, answer: August 31, 2012 | question: At the deadline, which area lost broadcast entirely?, answer: Barrie, Ontario | question: Did Barrie, Ontario lose signal for CBC, Radio-Canada, or both?, answer: both
Because sexual orientation is complex and multi-dimensional, some academics and researchers, especially in queer studies, have argued that it is a historical and social construction. In 1976, philosopher and historian Michel Foucault argued in The History of Sexuality that homosexuality as an identity did not exist in the eighteenth century; that people instead spoke of "sodomy," which referred to sexual acts. Sodomy was a crime that was often ignored, but sometimes punished severely (see sodomy law). He wrote, "'Sexuality' is an invention of the modern state, the industrial revolution, and capitalism."

question: Why do researches in homosexual studies argued that it is a social and historical constuction?, answer: Because sexual orientation is complex and multi-dimensional | question: Which philosopher argued homosexuality did not exist as an idenity in the eighteenth century?, answer: Michel Foucault | question: In what year did Michel Foucalt publish The History Of Sexuality?, answer: 1976 | question: What did he state was an invention of the modern state?, answer: 'Sexuality | question: What was a crime in the eighteenth century that could cause severe punishment but was mostly ignored?, answer: Sodomy
Because the Quran is spoken in classical Arabic, many of the later converts to Islam (mostly non-Arabs) did not always understand the Quranic Arabic, they did not catch allusions that were clear to early Muslims fluent in Arabic and they were concerned with reconciling apparent conflict of themes in the Quran. Commentators erudite in Arabic explained the allusions, and perhaps most importantly, explained which Quranic verses had been revealed early in Muhammad's prophetic career, as being appropriate to the very earliest Muslim community, and which had been revealed later, canceling out or "abrogating" (nāsikh) the earlier text (mansūkh). Other scholars, however, maintain that no abrogation has taken place in the Quran. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has published a ten-volume Urdu commentary on the Quran, with the name Tafseer e Kabir.

question: In which language is the Quran recited?, answer: classical Arabic | question: What is the Arabic term for the cancellation of one part of the Quran by another?, answer: nāsikh | question: What is the name of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community's published Quran commentary?, answer: Tafseer e Kabir | question: What is the term for earlier portions of the Quran that may have been superseded by later parts?, answer: mansūkh | question: In which language is the Tafseer e Kabir written?, answer: Urdu
Because the actions involved in the "war on terrorism" are diffuse, and the criteria for inclusion are unclear, political theorist Richard Jackson has argued that "the 'war on terrorism' therefore, is simultaneously a set of actual practices—wars, covert operations, agencies, and institutions—and an accompanying series of assumptions, beliefs, justifications, and narratives—it is an entire language or discourse." Jackson cites among many examples a statement by John Ashcroft that "the attacks of September 11 drew a bright line of demarcation between the civil and the savage". Administration officials also described "terrorists" as hateful, treacherous, barbarous, mad, twisted, perverted, without faith, parasitical, inhuman, and, most commonly, evil. Americans, in contrast, were described as brave, loving, generous, strong, resourceful, heroic, and respectful of human rights.

question: Who said the 'war on terrorism' is 'an entire language of discourse'?, answer: Richard Jackson | question: Who said that 9/11 drew a line between 'the civil and the savage'?, answer: John Ashcroft | question: What did the Bush administration describe as parasitical?, answer: terrorists | question: What did the Bush administration describe as heroic?, answer: Americans
Because the duchy was outside of the core Holy Roman Empire, the prince-electors of Brandenburg were able to proclaim themselves King of Prussia beginning in 1701. After the annexation of most of western Royal Prussia in the First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772, eastern (ducal) Prussia was connected by land with the rest of the Prussian state and was reorganized as a province the following year (1773). Between 1829 and 1878, the Province of East Prussia was joined with West Prussia to form the Province of Prussia.

question: Why were the prince electors able to proclaim themselves King of Prussia?, answer: Because the duchy was outside of the core Holy Roman Empire | question: In what year were the prince electors elect them selves as King?, answer: 1701 | question: What time period did East Prussia and West Prussia join to become Prussia?, answer: Prussia
Because the electron mobility is higher than the hole mobility for all semiconductor materials, a given bipolar n–p–n transistor tends to be swifter than an equivalent p–n–p transistor. GaAs has the highest electron mobility of the three semiconductors. It is for this reason that GaAs is used in high-frequency applications. A relatively recent FET development, the high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT), has a heterostructure (junction between different semiconductor materials) of aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs)-gallium arsenide (GaAs) which has twice the electron mobility of a GaAs-metal barrier junction. Because of their high speed and low noise, HEMTs are used in satellite receivers working at frequencies around 12 GHz. HEMTs based on gallium nitride and aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN/GaN HEMTs) provide a still higher electron mobility and are being developed for various applications.

question: What semiconductor has the highest electron mobility?, answer: GaAs | question: What is quicker, a bipolar n-p-n transistor or a p-n-p transistor?, answer: a given bipolar n–p–n transistor | question: What is the common application of GaAs?, answer: high-frequency applications | question: What does HEMT stand for?, answer: high-electron-mobility transistor | question: What are common applications of HEMT?, answer: satellite receivers
Because the nuns of the order did not preach among the people, the need to engage in study was not as immediate or intense as it was for men. They did participate, however, in a number of intellectual activities. Along with sewing and embroidery, nuns often engaged in reading and discussing correspondence from Church leaders. In the Strassburg monastery of St. Margaret, some of the nuns could converse fluently in Latin. Learning still had an elevated place in the lives of these religious. In fact, Margarette Reglerin, a daughter of a wealthy Nuremberg family, was dismissed from a convent because she did not have the ability or will to learn.

question: What did the nuns not do in the Dominican Order?, answer: preach among the people | question: What was one of the activities the nuns enjoyed?, answer: embroidery | question: Who was expelled from a nunnery for not wanting to learn?, answer: Margarette Reglerin | question: Where was Margarette Reglerin from?, answer: Nuremberg | question: What monastery did the nuns belong to who could speak Latin fluently?, answer: Strassburg monastery of St. Margaret
Because the rotor is much lighter in weight (mass) than a conventional rotor formed from copper windings on steel laminations, the rotor can accelerate much more rapidly, often achieving a mechanical time constant under one ms. This is especially true if the windings use aluminum rather than the heavier copper. But because there is no metal mass in the rotor to act as a heat sink, even small coreless motors must often be cooled by forced air. Overheating might be an issue for coreless DC motor designs.

question: What is a likely problem of coreless DC motors?, answer: Overheating | question: How does a coreless rotor compare to traditional rotors in terms of weight?, answer: lighter | question: What advantage does a coreless rotor have over traditional variants?, answer: accelerate much more rapidly | question: The lack of a metal mass in the core causes what function to be absent?, answer: heat sink | question: How is a coreless motor cooled?, answer: forced air
Because the spring equinox was tied to the date of Easter, the Roman Catholic Church considered the seasonal drift in the date of Easter undesirable. The Church of Alexandria celebrated Easter on the Sunday after the 14th day of the moon (computed using the Metonic cycle) that falls on or after the vernal equinox, which they placed on 21 March. However, the Church of Rome still regarded 25 March as the equinox (until 342) and used a different cycle to compute the day of the moon. In the Alexandrian system, since the 14th day of the Easter moon could fall at earliest on 21 March its first day could fall no earlier than 8 March and no later than 5 April. This meant that Easter varied between 22 March and 25 April. In Rome, Easter was not allowed to fall later than 21 April, that being the day of the Parilia or birthday of Rome and a pagan festival.The first day of the Easter moon could fall no earlier than 5 March and no later than 2 April.

question: Who thought that the seasonal drift in the date of Easter unacceptable?, answer: Roman Catholic Church | question: What even is tired to the date for Easter?, answer: spring equinox | question: What did the Church of Alexandria use to calculate the date of Easter?, answer: Metonic cycle | question: Where did the Church of Alexandria place the vernal equinox?, answer: 21 March | question: Until 342 when did the Church of Rome think the vernal equinox fell?, answer: 25 March
Because the states were preexisting political entities, the U.S. Constitution did not need to define or explain federalism in any one section but it often mentions the rights and responsibilities of state governments and state officials in relation to the federal government. The federal government has certain express powers (also called enumerated powers) which are powers spelled out in the Constitution, including the right to levy taxes, declare war, and regulate interstate and foreign commerce. In addition, the Necessary and Proper Clause gives the federal government the implied power to pass any law "necessary and proper" for the execution of its express powers. Other powers—the reserved powers—are reserved to the people or the states. The power delegated to the federal government was significantly expanded by the Supreme Court decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), amendments to the Constitution following the Civil War, and by some later amendments—as well as the overall claim of the Civil War, that the states were legally subject to the final dictates of the federal government.

question: Why did the constitution didn't have to explain federalism?, answer: Because the states were preexisting political entities | question: What is another word for express powers?, answer: enumerated powers | question: Where can we find express powers?, answer: in the Constitution | question: What does the Necessary and Proper Clause do?, answer: gives the federal government the implied power to pass any law "necessary and proper" for the execution of its express powers | question: What are the expressed powers?, answer: the right to levy taxes, declare war, and regulate interstate and foreign commerce.
Beer contains ethyl alcohol, the same chemical that is present in wine and distilled spirits and as such, beer consumption has short-term psychological and physiological effects on the user. Different concentrations of alcohol in the human body have different effects on a person. The effects of alcohol depend on the amount an individual has drunk, the percentage of alcohol in the beer and the timespan that the consumption took place, the amount of food eaten and whether an individual has taken other prescription, over-the-counter or street drugs, among other factors. Drinking enough to cause a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.03%-0.12% typically causes an overall improvement in mood and possible euphoria, increased self-confidence and sociability, decreased anxiety, a flushed, red appearance in the face and impaired judgment and fine muscle coordination. A BAC of 0.09% to 0.25% causes lethargy, sedation, balance problems and blurred vision. A BAC from 0.18% to 0.30% causes profound confusion, impaired speech (e.g., slurred speech), staggering, dizziness and vomiting. A BAC from 0.25% to 0.40% causes stupor, unconsciousness, anterograde amnesia, vomiting (death may occur due to inhalation of vomit (pulmonary aspiration) while unconscious and respiratory depression (potentially life-threatening). A BAC from 0.35% to 0.80% causes a coma (unconsciousness), life-threatening respiratory depression and possibly fatal alcohol poisoning. As with all alcoholic drinks, drinking while driving, operating an aircraft or heavy machinery increases the risk of an accident; many countries have penalties against drunk driving.

question: What type of alcohol is found in beer?, answer: ethyl alcohol | question: How is alcohol measured in the human body?, answer: blood alcohol concentration | question: What type of alcohol is found in wine and distilled spirits?, answer: ethyl alcohol | question: What is it called when someone dies from inhaling vomit?, answer: pulmonary aspiration | question: What could be caused by a 0.80% Blood alcohol content in a human?, answer: fatal alcohol poisoning
Beer is composed mostly of water. Regions have water with different mineral components; as a result, different regions were originally better suited to making certain types of beer, thus giving them a regional character. For example, Dublin has hard water well-suited to making stout, such as Guinness; while the Plzeň Region has soft water well-suited to making Pilsner (pale lager), such as Pilsner Urquell. The waters of Burton in England contain gypsum, which benefits making pale ale to such a degree that brewers of pale ales will add gypsum to the local water in a process known as Burtonisation.

question: What is the main ingredient in beer?, answer: water | question: What type of water is good for making stout beer, like Guinness?, answer: hard water | question: What type of water is best for making pale lager?, answer: soft water | question: What is the process called when gypsum is added to water?, answer: Burtonisation | question: What type of beer benefits most from water that contains gypsum?, answer: pale ale
Beer is sold in bottles and cans; it may also be available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars. The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. The strength of beer is usually around 4% to 6% alcohol by volume (abv), although it may vary between 0.5% and 20%, with some breweries creating examples of 40% abv and above. Beer forms part of the culture of beer-drinking nations and is associated with social traditions such as beer festivals, as well as a rich pub culture involving activities like pub crawling, and pub games such as bar billiards.

question: What types of containers is beer generally sold in?, answer: bottles and cans | question: In addition to bottles and cans, How is beer often sold in bars?, answer: draught | question: In general, what is usually the alcohol content in most beer?, answer: around 4% to 6% | question: What festivals are a social tradition in many beer drinking countries?, answer: beer festivals, | question: What is a pub game that is popular in many beer drinking nations?, answer: bar billiards
Beer is the world's most widely consumed and likely the oldest alcoholic beverage; it is the third most popular drink overall, after water and tea. The production of beer is called brewing, which involves the fermentation of starches, mainly derived from cereal grains—most commonly malted barley, although wheat, maize (corn), and rice are widely used. Most beer is flavoured with hops, which add bitterness and act as a natural preservative, though other flavourings such as herbs or fruit may occasionally be included. The fermentation process causes a natural carbonation effect which is often removed during processing, and replaced with forced carbonation. Some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi included laws regulating beer and beer parlours, and "The Hymn to Ninkasi", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, served as both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people.

question: What is most popular alcoholic drink in the world?, answer: Beer | question: What is believed to be the oldest alcoholic drinking the world?, answer: Beer | question: What is the term used to describe the making beer?, answer: brewing | question: What brewing process naturally carbonates beer?, answer: fermentation | question: What prayer did people use in Mesopotamia to remember a beer recipe?, answer: The Hymn to Ninkasi
Beer ranges from less than 3% alcohol by volume (abv) to around 14% abv, though this strength can be increased to around 20% by re-pitching with champagne yeast, and to 55% abv by the freeze-distilling process. The alcohol content of beer varies by local practice or beer style. The pale lagers that most consumers are familiar with fall in the range of 4–6%, with a typical abv of 5%. The customary strength of British ales is quite low, with many session beers being around 4% abv. Some beers, such as table beer are of such low alcohol content (1%–4%) that they are served instead of soft drinks in some schools.

question: What does abv stand for?, answer: alcohol by volume | question: What process can cause beer to have a 55% abv?, answer: freeze-distilling | question: What is the typical alcohol content of a pale logger?, answer: 5% | question: What type of low alcohol beer is sometimes served in school?, answer: table beer | question: What percentage of alcohol by volume does beer achieve when it is re-pitched with champagne yeast?, answer: around 20%
Beer was spread through Europe by Germanic and Celtic tribes as far back as 3000 BC, and it was mainly brewed on a domestic scale. The product that the early Europeans drank might not be recognised as beer by most people today. Alongside the basic starch source, the early European beers might contain fruits, honey, numerous types of plants, spices and other substances such as narcotic herbs. What they did not contain was hops, as that was a later addition, first mentioned in Europe around 822 by a Carolingian Abbot and again in 1067 by Abbess Hildegard of Bingen.

question: What year were hops first believed to be added to beer?, answer: 822 | question: On what continent were hops first added to beer?, answer: Europe | question: What was a Carolingian Abbot credited for adding to beer in 822?, answer: hops | question: Who was believed to have added hops to beer in 1067?, answer: Abbess Hildegard | question: Where did Abbess Hildegard live?, answer: Bingen
Before 2006, geneticists had largely attributed the ethnogenesis of most of the world's Jewish populations, including Ashkenazi Jews, to Israelite Jewish male migrants from the Middle East and "the women from each local population whom they took as wives and converted to Judaism." Thus, in 2002, in line with this model of origin, David Goldstein, now of Duke University, reported that unlike male Ashkenazi lineages, the female lineages in Ashkenazi Jewish communities "did not seem to be Middle Eastern", and that each community had its own genetic pattern and even that "in some cases the mitochondrial DNA was closely related to that of the host community." In his view this suggested "that Jewish men had arrived from the Middle East, taken wives from the host population and converted them to Judaism, after which there was no further intermarriage with non-Jews."

question: What year did David Goldstein report that unlike male Ashkenazi lineages, the female lineages in Ashkenazi Jewish communities did not seem to be Middle Eastern?, answer: 2002
Before A.D. 200, residents were building earthwork mounds, which were used for ceremonial and religious purposes. Succeeding peoples, including those of the ancient Mississippian culture established by A.D. 1000 in the Piedmont, continued to build or add onto such mounds. In the 500–700 years preceding European contact, the Mississippian culture built large, complex cities and maintained far-flung regional trading networks. Historically documented tribes in the North Carolina region included the Carolina Algonquian-speaking tribes of the coastal areas, such as the Chowanoke, Roanoke, Pamlico, Machapunga, Coree, Cape Fear Indians, and others, who were the first to encounter the English; Iroquoian-speaking Meherrin, Cherokee and Tuscarora of the interior; and Southeastern Siouan tribes, such as the Cheraw, Waxhaw, Saponi, Waccamaw, and Catawba.[citation needed]

question: During what time period did people buid earth mounds used for religious and ceremonial purposes?, answer: Before A.D. 200 | question: By 1000 AD, what culture of people settled in the Piedmont?, answer: ancient Mississippian culture | question: About how many years before European contact did ancient Mississippian culture build large cities?, answer: 500–700 years | question: Pamlico and Cape fear indians are examples of what?, answer: Algonquian-speaking tribes | question: Where did the Algonquin speaking tribes of North Carolina live?, answer: the coastal areas