lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
By the start of the 20th century, Germany and the United States challenged Britain's economic lead. Subsequent military and economic tensions between Britain and Germany were major causes of the First World War, during which Britain relied heavily upon its empire. The conflict placed enormous strain on the military, financial and manpower resources of Britain. Although the British Empire achieved its largest territorial extent immediately after World War I, Britain was no longer the world's pre-eminent industrial or military power. In the Second World War, Britain's colonies in South-East Asia were occupied by Imperial Japan. Despite the final victory of Britain and its allies, the damage to British prestige helped to accelerate the decline of the empire. India, Britain's most valuable and populous possession, achieved independence as part of a larger decolonisation movement in which Britain granted independence to most territories of the Empire. The transfer of Hong Kong to China in 1997 marked for many the end of the British Empire. Fourteen overseas territories remain under British sovereignty. After independence, many former British colonies joined the Commonwealth of Nations, a free association of independent states. The United Kingdom is now one of 16 Commonwealth nations, a grouping known informally as the Commonwealth realms, that share one monarch—Queen Elizabeth II.

question: Which countries challenged Britain's economic lead by the start of the 20th century?, answer: Germany and the United States | question: Which country was Britain's most valuable and populous possession?, answer: India | question: When did Britain transfer Hong Kong to China?, answer: overseas territories remain under British sovereignty | question: How many overseas territories remain under British sovereignty?, answer: Fourteen | question: Who is the Commonwealth's monarch?, answer: Queen Elizabeth II
By the time Oklahoma was admitted to the Union in 1907, Oklahoma City had surpassed Guthrie, the territorial capital, as the population center and commercial hub of the new state. Soon after, the capital was moved from Guthrie to Oklahoma City. Oklahoma City was a major stop on Route 66 during the early part of the 20th century; it was prominently mentioned in Bobby Troup's 1946 jazz classic, "(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66", later made famous by artist Nat King Cole.

question: What year was Oklahoma city entered into the Union?, answer: 1907 | question: What was the capital of Oklahoma before Oklahoma city?, answer: Guthrie | question: What route made Oklahoma city a major stop?, answer: Route 66 | question: Who wrote the Jazz oldie "(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66"?, answer: Bobby Troup | question: Which artist made Bobby Troup's song famous?, answer: Nat King Cole
By the time of John Seller's Atlas Maritima of 1670, "India Beyond the Ganges" had become "the East Indies" including China, Korea, southeast Asia and the islands of the Pacific in a map that was every bit as distorted as Ptolemy's, despite the lapse of approximately 1500 years. That "east" in turn was only an English translation of Latin Oriens and Orientalis, "the land of the rising sun," used since Roman times for "east." The world map of Jodocus Hondius of 1590 labels all of Asia from the Caspian to the Pacific as India Orientalis, shortly to appear in translation as the East Indies.

question: When was John Seller's Atlas Maritima?, answer: 1670 | question: What had "India Beyond the Ganges" become?, answer: the East Indies | question: China, Korea, southeast Asia and the islands of the Pacific were included in what?, answer: "the East Indies" | question: What was only an English translation of Latin Oriens and Orientalis, "the land of the rising sun"?, answer: "east" | question: What year did Jodocus Hondius make his world map?, answer: 1590
By the time of the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, Strasbourg was a prosperous community, and its inhabitants accepted Protestantism in 1523. Martin Bucer was a prominent Protestant reformer in the region. His efforts were countered by the Roman Catholic Habsburgs who tried to eradicate heresy in Upper Alsace. As a result, Alsace was transformed into a mosaic of Catholic and Protestant territories. On the other hand, Mömpelgard (Montbéliard) to the southwest of Alsace, belonging to the Counts of Württemberg since 1397, remained a Protestant enclave in France until 1793.

question: When did Strasbourg accept Protestantism?, answer: 1523 | question: Who was known as a reformer in Strasbourg?, answer: Martin Bucer | question: What were the names given for the two groups that heavily dominated Alsace during this time?, answer: Catholic and Protestant
By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized workers. It is fairly certain that it was during the Uruk period that Sumerian cities began to make use of slave labor captured from the hill country, and there is ample evidence for captured slaves as workers in the earliest texts. Artifacts, and even colonies of this Uruk civilization have been found over a wide area—from the Taurus Mountains in Turkey, to the Mediterranean Sea in the west, and as far east as central Iran.

question: How were trade goods transported in southern Mesopotamia?, answer: transported along the canals and rivers | question: What facilitated the rise of Sumerian cities?, answer: trade goods | question: How many people lived in the cities?, answer: over 10,000 | question: During which period did Sumerian cities begin using slave labor?, answer: Uruk | question: What have been found as far east as central Iran?, answer: Artifacts
By the turn of the 20th century, fears had begun to grow in Britain that it would no longer be able to defend the metropole and the entirety of the empire while at the same time maintaining the policy of "splendid isolation". Germany was rapidly rising as a military and industrial power and was now seen as the most likely opponent in any future war. Recognising that it was overstretched in the Pacific and threatened at home by the Imperial German Navy, Britain formed an alliance with Japan in 1902 and with its old enemies France and Russia in 1904 and 1907, respectively.

question: Which country seemed like Britain's most likely threat in the early 20th century?, answer: Germany | question: Which country did Britain ally with in 1902?, answer: Japan | question: Which country did Britain ally with in 1904?, answer: France | question: Which country did Britain ally with in 1907?, answer: Russia
By the twentieth century, the U.S. Army had mobilized the U.S. Volunteers on four separate occasions during each of the major wars of the nineteenth century. During World War I, the "National Army" was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers. It was demobilized at the end of World War I, and was replaced by the Regular Army, the Organized Reserve Corps, and the State Militias. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "Regular Army" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed.

question: What was organized to replace the concept of U.S. Volunteers?, answer: the "National Army" | question: When was the National Army demobilized?, answer: end of World War I | question: Who filled vacancies in the Regular Army?, answer: "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps"
By the verse Quran, 2:124, Shias believe that Imamah is a divine position always Imamah is accompanied by the word guidance, of course a guidance by God's Command.A kind of guidance which brings humanity to the goal. Regarding 17:71, no age can be without an Imam. So, according to the upper verse 1.Imamah is a position which is appointed by God and must be specified by Him 2.Imam is protected by a divine protection and no one exceles him in nobility 3. No age can be without an Imam and finally Imam knows everything which is needed for human being to get to the truth and goal.

question: By what Quran verse to Shias believe that Imamah is a divine position?, answer: 2:124 | question: What does the Quran verse 17:71 say?, answer: no age can be without an Imam | question: Imamah is a position appointed by who?, answer: God | question: What is an Imam protected by?, answer: divine protection | question: Who knows everything that is needed to get to the truth and goal?, answer: Imam
By this point Frederick was increasingly concerned by the Russian advance from the east and marched to counter it. Just east of the Oder in Brandenburg-Neumark, at the Battle of Zorndorf (now Sarbinowo, Poland), a Prussian army of 35,000 men under Frederick on Aug. 25, 1758, fought a Russian army of 43,000 commanded by Count William Fermor. Both sides suffered heavy casualties – the Prussians 12,800, the Russians 18,000 – but the Russians withdrew, and Frederick claimed victory. In the undecided Battle of Tornow on 25 September, a Swedish army repulsed six assaults by a Prussian army but did not push on Berlin following the Battle of Fehrbellin.

question: How did Frederick respond to the Russian occupation of east Prussia?, answer: marched to counter it. | question: How large a force did Frederick send against the occupying Russians?, answer: 35,000 men | question: How many Russians were in defense?, answer: Russian army of 43,000 | question: Which army withdrew?, answer: the Russians withdrew | question: What country was Prussia fighting on another front?, answer: Swedish
By total area (water as well as land), the United States is either slightly larger or smaller than the People's Republic of China, making it the world's third or fourth largest country. China and the United States are smaller than Russia and Canada in total area, but are larger than Brazil. By land area only (exclusive of waters), the United States is the world's third largest country, after Russia and China, with Canada in fourth. Whether the US or China is the third largest country by total area depends on two factors: (1) The validity of China's claim on Aksai Chin and Trans-Karakoram Tract. Both these territories are also claimed by India, so are not counted; and (2) How US calculates its own surface area. Since the initial publishing of the World Factbook, the CIA has updated the total area of United States a number of times.

question: Compared to other countries, how large is the US?, answer: third or fourth largest country | question: Which country is the worlds fourth largest?, answer: Canada | question: Who may also be the third largest country?, answer: China
C trigraphs were created to solve this problem for ANSI C, although their late introduction and inconsistent implementation in compilers limited their use. Many programmers kept their computers on US-ASCII, so plain-text in Swedish, German etc. (for example, in e-mail or Usenet) contained "{, }" and similar variants in the middle of words, something those programmers got used to. For example, a Swedish programmer mailing another programmer asking if they should go for lunch, could get "N{ jag har sm|rg}sar." as the answer, which should be "Nä jag har smörgåsar." meaning "No I've got sandwiches."

question: What was created to solve the problem for ANSI C?, answer: C trigraphs | question: Why was their use limited?, answer: their late introduction and inconsistent implementation in compilers | question: What did many programmers keep their computers on?, answer: US-ASCII | question: What what happening to the words that were sent from programmers?, answer: contained "{, }" and similar variants in the middle of words
CAMRA have surveyed the 50,000 pubs in Britain and they believe that there are very few pubs that still have classic snugs. These are on a historic interiors list in order that they can be preserved.

question: How many pubs were part of the CAMRA survey?, answer: 50,000 | question: According to CAMRA, how many pubs in Britain possess classic snugs?, answer: very few
CAMRA maintains a "National Inventory" of historical notability and of architecturally and decoratively notable pubs. The National Trust owns thirty-six public houses of historic interest including the George Inn, Southwark, London and The Crown Liquor Saloon, Belfast, Northern Ireland.

question: How many pubs does the National Trust own?, answer: thirty-six | question: In what city is the George Inn located?, answer: London | question: What city is home to The Crown Liquor Saloon?, answer: Belfast | question: What part of the United Kingdom is Belfast located in?, answer: Northern Ireland | question: What body maintains a National Inventory of notable pubs?, answer: CAMRA
CBC Television stations can be received in many United States communities along the Canadian border over-the-air and have a significant audience in those areas. Such a phenomenon can also take place within Great Lakes communities such as Ashtabula, Ohio, which received programming from the CBC's London, Ontario, transmitter, based upon prevailing atmospheric conditions over Lake Erie. As of September 2010 CBC shut down its analogue transmitter and decided not to replace it with a digital transmitter. As a result, there is now a giant hole in the coverage of CBC in South-Western Ontario. Both CBC - Toronto and CBC - Windsor are both over 100 miles from London, ON and out of range for even the largest antennas[citation needed].

question: When did CBC shut down its analogue transmitter?, answer: September 2010 | question: Which CBC location has a lapsed area of coverage after 2010?, answer: South-Western Ontario | question: Which US city can receive broadcasts from CBC's London transmitter?, answer: Ashtabula, Ohio
CBC announced on April 4, 2012, that it will shut down all of its approximately 620 analogue television transmitters on July 31, 2012 with no plans to install digital transmitters in their place, thus reducing the total number of the corporation's television transmitters across the country down to 27. According to the CBC, this would reduce the corporation's yearly costs by $10 million. No plans have been announced to use subchannels to maintain over-the-air signals for both CBC and Radio-Canada in markets where the corporation has one digital transmitter. In fact, in its CRTC application to shut down all of its analogue television transmitters, the CBC communicated its opposition to use of subchannels, citing costs, amongst other reasons.

question: How many transmitters does currently CBC operate after 2012?, answer: 27 | question: When did the CBC announce service would be discontinued to analogue transmitters?, answer: July 31, 2012 | question: How much did CBC say they would save by ceasing analogue operation?, answer: $10 million
CBC's sports coverage has also attained high viewership in border markets, including its coverage of the NHL's Stanley Cup Playoffs, which was generally considered to be more complete and consistent than coverage by other networks such as NBC. Its coverage of the Olympic Games also found a significant audience in border regions, primarily due to the fact that CBC aired more events live than NBC's coverage, which had been criticized in recent years for tape delaying events to air in primetime, even if the event is being held in a market in the Pacific Time Zone during primetime hours on the East (where it would still be delayed for West coast primetime).

question: Why is CBC's coverage preferable to other networks in the US?, answer: more complete and consistent | question: Did CBC air more or less live Olympic events than NBC?, answer: more | question: Why was NBC criticized over its Olympic coverage?, answer: tape delaying events to air in primetime
CD-R recordings are designed to be permanent. Over time, the dye's physical characteristics may change causing read errors and data loss until the reading device cannot recover with error correction methods. The design life is from 20 to 100 years, depending on the quality of the discs, the quality of the writing drive, and storage conditions. However, testing has demonstrated such degradation of some discs in as little as 18 months under normal storage conditions. This failure is known as disc rot, for which there are several, mostly environmental, reasons.

question: How long are CDs expected to last?, answer: 20 to 100 years | question: What can cause sudden disc degradation?, answer: disc rot | question: Are CDs meant for permanent or temporary use?, answer: permanent
CD-Vs are not to be confused with Video CDs (which are all-digital and can only be played on VCD players, DVD players, CD-i players, computers, and later-model LaserDisc players, such as the DVL series from Pioneer that can also play DVDs). CD-Vs can only be played back on LaserDisc players with CD-V capability. VSDs were the same as CD-Vs, but without the audio CD tracks. CD-Vs were somewhat popular for a brief time worldwide, but soon faded from view. VSDs were popular only in Japan and other parts of Asia, and were never fully introduced to the rest of the world.

question: What were VSDs lacking that CD-Vs included?, answer: audio CD tracks | question: In what areas of the world were VSDs popular?, answer: only in Japan and other parts of Asia | question: Were VSDs or CD-Vs all digital and also playable on DVD players?, answer: VSDs
CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs.

question: Where can one expect to find damage on a disc?, answer: label side of the disc | question: How are scratches on a CD fixed?, answer: refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing | question: What eats at the plastic and aluminum found in CDs?, answer: fungus Geotrichum candidum | question: Where does the fungus Geotrichum candidum originate from?, answer: Belize
CJON-DT, known on air as "NTV", is an independent station. The station sublicenses entertainment programming from Global and news programming from CTV and Global, rather than purchasing primary broadcast rights. Rogers Cable has its provincial headquarters in St. John's, and their community channel Rogers TV airs local shows such as Out of the Fog and One Chef One Critic. CBC has its Newfoundland and Labrador headquarters in the city and their television station CBNT-DT broadcasts from University Avenue.

question: Where does Rogers Cable has its provincial headquarters?, answer: St. John's | question: What is the name of CBC's television station in St. John's?, answer: CBNT-DT | question: What channel in St. John's airs Out of the Fog?, answer: Rogers TV | question: Where does CBNT-DT broadcast from?, answer: University Avenue
CNET awarded PS3 Slim four out of five stars praising its Blu-ray capabilities, 120 GB hard drive, free online gaming service and more affordable pricing point, but complained about the lack of backward compatibility for PlayStation 2 games. TechRadar gave PS3 Slim four and a half stars out of five praising its new smaller size and summed up its review stating "Over all, the PS3 Slim is a phenomenal piece of kit. It's amazing that something so small can do so much". However, they criticized the exterior design and the build quality in relation to the original model.

question: What aspect of the PS3 Slim was CNET unhappy was missing for PS2 games?, answer: backward compatibility | question: How many of five possible stars did CNET give the PS3 Slim?, answer: four | question: How many of its own five stars did TechRadar award the PS3 Slim?, answer: four and a half | question: What area of the console did TechRadar feel was designed poorly compared to the original PS3?, answer: exterior
CSL, one of the world's top five biotech companies, and Sigma Pharmaceuticals have their headquarters in Melbourne. The two are the largest listed Australian pharmaceutical companies. Melbourne has an important ICT industry that employs over 60,000 people (one third of Australia's ICT workforce), with a turnover of $19.8 billion and export revenues of $615 million. In addition, tourism also plays an important role in Melbourne's economy, with about 7.6 million domestic visitors and 1.88 million international visitors in 2004. In 2008, Melbourne overtook Sydney with the amount of money that domestic tourists spent in the city, accounting for around $15.8 billion annually. Melbourne has been attracting an increasing share of domestic and international conference markets. Construction began in February 2006 of a $1 billion 5000-seat international convention centre, Hilton Hotel and commercial precinct adjacent to the Melbourne Exhibition and Convention Centre to link development along the Yarra River with the Southbank precinct and multibillion-dollar Docklands redevelopment.

question: How many people are employed by the ICT industry in Melbourne?, answer: 60,000 | question: What percentage of Australia's ICT workforce is imployed in Melbourne's ICT industry?, answer: one third | question: In 2008, Melbourne overtook what city with the amount of money that domestic tourists spent in the city?, answer: Sydney | question: Domestic visitors spend about how much money in the city of Melbourne annually?, answer: $15.8 billion | question: How many international visitors did Melbourne have in 2004?, answer: 1.88 million
Cacoyannis also directed Zorba the Greek with Anthony Quinn which received Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Film nominations. Finos Film also contributed to this period with movies such as Λατέρνα, Φτώχεια και Φιλότιμο, Madalena, Η Θεία από το Σικάγο, Το ξύλο βγήκε από τον Παράδεισο and many more. During the 1970s and 1980s Theo Angelopoulos directed a series of notable and appreciated movies. His film Eternity and a Day won the Palme d'Or and the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival.

question: What other famous movie did Cacoyannis direct?, answer: Zorba the Greek | question: Who starred in the movie Zorba the Greek?, answer: Anthony Quinn | question: What film won the Palme d'Or at Cannes in 1998?, answer: Eternity and a Day | question: Who directed the film Eternity and a Day?, answer: Theo Angelopoulos