lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Over a dozen racial categories would be recognized in conformity with all the possible combinations of hair color, hair texture, eye color, and skin color. These types grade into each other like the colors of the spectrum, and not one category stands significantly isolated from the rest. That is, race referred preferentially to appearance, not heredity, and appearance is a poor indication of ancestry, because only a few genes are responsible for someone's skin color and traits: a person who is considered white may have more African ancestry than a person who is considered black, and the reverse can be also true about European ancestry. The complexity of racial classifications in Brazil reflects the extent of miscegenation in Brazilian society, a society that remains highly, but not strictly, stratified along color lines. These socioeconomic factors are also significant to the limits of racial lines, because a minority of pardos, or brown people, are likely to start declaring themselves white or black if socially upward, and being seen as relatively "whiter" as their perceived social status increases (much as in other regions of Latin America).

question: How many racial categories would be needed with all the possible combinations of outward features?, answer: Over a dozen | question: What way would categories grade into each other, rather than being isolated from each other?, answer: like the colors of the spectrum | question: What did race refer to instead of heredity?, answer: appearance | question: What is appearance a poor indication of?, answer: ancestry | question: Where is there a lot of complexity in racial classifications?, answer: Brazil
Over almost all of Oklahoma, winter is the driest season. Average monthly precipitation increases dramatically in the spring to a peak in May, the wettest month over most of the state, with its frequent and not uncommonly severe thunderstorm activity. Early June can still be wet, but most years see a marked decrease in rainfall during June and early July. Mid-summer (July and August) represents a secondary dry season over much of Oklahoma, with long stretches of hot weather with only sporadic thunderstorm activity not uncommon many years. Severe drought is common in the hottest summers, such as those of 1934, 1954, 1980 and 2011, all of which featured weeks on end of virtual rainlessness and high temperatures well over 100 °F (38 °C). Average precipitation rises again from September to mid-October, representing a secondary wetter season, then declines from late October through December.

question: Which season is the most dry in Oklahoma?, answer: winter | question: When does Oklahoma get the most rain?, answer: May | question: When is the second-driest season in Oklahoma?, answer: Mid-summer | question: What years were Oklahoma's hottest summers?, answer: 1934, 1954, 1980 and 2011 | question: How hot were Oklahoma's hottest summers?, answer: well over 100 °F
Over subsequent centuries, many Presbyterian churches modified these prescriptions by introducing hymnody, instrumental accompaniment, and ceremonial vestments into worship. However, there is not one fixed "Presbyterian" worship style. Although there are set services for the "Lord's Day", one can find a service to be evangelical and even revivalist in tone (especially in some conservative denominations), or strongly liturgical, approximating the practices of Lutheranism or Anglicanism (especially where Scottish tradition is esteemed),[clarification needed] or semi-formal, allowing for a balance of hymns, preaching, and congregational participation (favored by probably most American Presbyterians). Most Presbyterian churches follow the traditional liturgical year and observe the traditional holidays, holy seasons, such as Advent, Christmas, Ash Wednesday, Holy Week, Easter, Pentecost, etc. They also make use of the appropriate seasonal liturgical colors, etc. Many, incorporate ancient liturgical prayers and responses into the communion services and follow a daily, seasonal, and festival lectionary. Other Presbyterians, however, such as the Reformed Presbyterians, would practice a cappella exclusive psalmody, as well as eschew the celebration of holy days.

question: What did many Presbyterian churches introduce as a result of modifying prescriptions?, answer: hymnody, instrumental accompaniment, and ceremonial vestments | question: What is favored by most American Presbyterian churches that is semi-formal service for the "lords Day"?, answer: hymns, preaching, and congregational participation | question: What do reformed Presbyterians practice?, answer: cappella exclusive psalmody
Over the course of 2013, the corporation began the sale of its US shale gas assets and cancelled a US$20 billion gas project that was to be constructed in the US state of Louisiana. A new CEO Ben van Beurden was appointed in January 2014, prior to the announcement that the corporation's overall performance in 2013 was 38 per cent lower than 2012—the value of Shell's shares fell by 3 per cent as a result. Following the sale of the majority of its Australian assets in February 2014, the corporation plans to sell a further US$15 billion worth of assets in the period leading up to 2015, with deals announced in Australia, Brazil and Italy.

question: Which assets did the corporation begin to sell in 2013?, answer: US shale gas | question: What was the value of the cancelled gas project that was to be contstructed in Louisiana?, answer: US$20 billion | question: The appointment of a new CEO in 2014 came prior to what announcement?, answer: the corporation's overall performance in 2013 was 38 per cent lower than 2012 | question: In what year did the corporation sell the majority of its Australian assets?, answer: 2014 | question: What was the value of assets the corporation planned to sell leading up to 2015?, answer: US$15 billion
Over the course of Ottoman history, the Ottomans managed to build a large collection of libraries complete with translations of books from other cultures, as well as original manuscripts. A great part of this desire for local and foreign manuscripts arose in the 15th Century. Sultan Mehmet II ordered Georgios Amiroutzes, a Greek scholar from Trabzon, to translate and make available to Ottoman educational institutions the geography book of Ptolemy. Another example is Ali Qushji -an astronomer, mathematician and physicist originally from Samarkand- who became a professor in two madrasas, and influenced Ottoman circles as a result of his writings and the activities of his students, even though he only spent two or three years before his death in Istanbul.

question: In what century did the Ottoman's start to desire foreign manuscripts?, answer: 15th Century | question: Which sultan ordered a Greek scholar to do translations of work by Ptolemy?, answer: Sultan Mehmet II | question: Who did an Ottoman sultan order to translate work by Ptolemy?, answer: Georgios Amiroutzes | question: How many years did Ali Qushji spend in Istanbul?, answer: two or three years | question: Where was Ali Qushji from?, answer: originally from Samarkand
Over the course of adolescence, the amount of white matter in the brain increases linearly, while the amount of grey matter in the brain follows an inverted-U pattern. Through a process called synaptic pruning, unnecessary neuronal connections in the brain are eliminated and the amount of grey matter is pared down. However, this does not mean that the brain loses functionality; rather, it becomes more efficient due to increased myelination (insulation of axons) and the reduction of unused pathways.

question: Does the amount of white matter in the brain increase or decrease over the course of adolescence?, answer: increases | question: Does the amount of grey matter in the brain increase linearly or follow an inverted-U pattern over the course of adolescence?, answer: inverted-U pattern | question: During which process are unnecessary neuronal connections in the brain eliminated?, answer: synaptic pruning | question: Does the brain become more or less efficient as a result of synaptic pruning?, answer: more efficient
Over the course of the 20th century, the world's per-capita gross domestic product grew by a factor of five, much more than all earlier centuries combined (including the 19th with its Industrial Revolution). Many economists make the case that this understates the magnitude of growth, as many of the goods and services consumed at the end of the 20th century, such as improved medicine (causing world life expectancy to increase by more than two decades) and communications technologies, were not available at any price at its beginning. However, the gulf between the world's rich and poor grew wider, and the majority of the global population remained in the poor side of the divide.

question: By what percentage did the world's per-capita gross domestic product grow by during the 20th century?, answer: a factor of five | question: What has Modern medicine increased the average life expectancy by?, answer: two decades | question: What happened to the income gap between the rich and the poor?, answer: the gulf between the world's rich and poor grew wider
Over the course of thousands of years, American indigenous peoples domesticated, bred and cultivated a large array of plant species. These species now constitute 50–60% of all crops in cultivation worldwide. In certain cases, the indigenous peoples developed entirely new species and strains through artificial selection, as was the case in the domestication and breeding of maize from wild teosinte grasses in the valleys of southern Mexico. Numerous such agricultural products retain their native names in the English and Spanish lexicons.

question: What did the indigenous peoples of America cultivate over the course of thousands of years?, answer: a large array of plant species | question: What percent of worldwide crops in cultivation derive from the efforts of the America's indigenous people?, answer: 50–60% | question: How were new species and strains of crops developed?, answer: artificial selection | question: What was the origin of maize?, answer: wild teosinte grasses | question: What products sometimes retain their native names in both English and Spanish?, answer: agricultural
Over the last decade, North Carolina has become a cultural epicenter and haven for internationally prize-winning wine (Noni Bacca Winery), internationally prized cheeses (Ashe County), "L'institut International aux Arts Gastronomiques: Conquerront Les Yanks les Truffes, January 15, 2010" international hub for truffles (Garland Truffles), and beer making, as tobacco land has been converted to grape orchards while state laws regulating alcohol content in beer allowed a jump in ABV from 6% to 15%. The Yadkin Valley in particular has become a strengthening market for grape production, while Asheville recently won the recognition of being named 'Beer City USA.' Asheville boasts the largest breweries per capita of any city in the United States. Recognized and marketed brands of beer in North Carolina include Highland Brewing, Duck Rabbit Brewery, Mother Earth Brewery, Weeping Radish Brewery, Big Boss Brewing, Foothills Brewing, Carolina Brewing Company, Lonerider Brewing, and White Rabbit Brewing Company.

question: What international prize winning winery is located in North Carolina?, answer: Noni Bacca Winery | question: What prized cheeses are made in North Carolina?, answer: Ashe County | question: Much tobacco land has been transformed into what kind of orchards?, answer: grape | question: North carolina state law allowed a jump in alcohol volume from 6% to what percent?, answer: 15%. | question: What city was named Beer City USA?, answer: Asheville
Over the past two years,[clarification needed] dozens of rights-holders, including Sony Music, have sent complaints about Wikipedia.org directly to Google to have content removed.

question: What search engine company giant has Sony sent requests to regarding content on a website?, answer: Google | question: What website does Sony have complaints against?, answer: Wikipedia.org
Over the years a variety of record equalization practices emerged and there was no industry standard. For example, in Europe recordings for years required playback with a bass turnover setting of 250–300 Hz and a treble roll-off at 10,000 Hz ranging from 0 to −5 dB or more. In the US there were more varied practices and a tendency to use higher bass turnover frequencies such as 500 Hz as well as a greater treble rolloff like −8.5 dB and even more to record generally higher modulation levels on the record.

question: What was the industry standard in Europe for record equalization?, answer: there was no industry standard | question: In which country was the treble roll off greater?, answer: US | question: Which country prefers a bass turnover setting of 250-300 Hz?, answer: Europe | question: What was the industry standard on equalization practices?, answer: there was no industry standard | question: Which country used the most varied equalization practices?, answer: US
Over the years the city has been home to people of various ethnicities, resulting in a range of different traditions and cultural practices. In one decade, the population increased from 427,045 in 1991 to 671,805 in 2001. The population was projected to reach 915,071 in 2011 and 1,319,597 by 2021. To keep up this population growth, the KMC-controlled area of 5,076.6 hectares (12,545 acres) has expanded to 8,214 hectares (20,300 acres) in 2001. With this new area, the population density which was 85 in 1991 is still 85 in 2001; it is likely to jump to 111 in 2011 and 161 in 2021.

question: What was the population of Kathmandu in 1991?, answer: 427,045 | question: About how many people are likely to live in Kathmandu in 2021?, answer: 1,319,597 | question: How dense was the population of Kathmandu in 1991?, answer: 85 | question: How many acres of land did the KMC control in 2001?, answer: 20,300
Over the years, AC has spawned subgenres including "hot AC", "soft AC" (also known as "lite AC"), "urban AC", "rhythmic AC", and "Christian AC" (a softer type of contemporary Christian music). Some stations play only "hot AC", "soft AC", or only one of the variety of subgenres. Therefore, it is not usually considered a specific genre of music; it is merely an assemblage of selected tracks from musicians of many different genres.

question: What is lite AC otherwise known as?, answer: soft AC | question: What is Christian AC a subgenre of?, answer: contemporary Christian music | question: Along with hot, soft, urban and Christian AC, what is another prominent time of adult contemporary music?, answer: rhythmic AC
Over the years, the Mughals began to have internal disputes which greatly distracted them at times. The Mughal Empire continued to weaken, and with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century, Rajputana came under the suzerainty of the Marathas. The Marathas, who were Hindus from the state of what is now Maharashtra, ruled Rajputana for most of the eighteenth century. The Maratha Empire, which had replaced the Mughal Empire as the overlord of the subcontinent, was finally replaced by the British Empire in 1818.

question: What group in the Rajasthan region started to have internal disputes?, answer: Mughals | question: In what century did the Mughal Empire come into decline?, answer: 18th century | question: The Maratharas gained what over Rajputana?, answer: suzerainty | question: Where were the Marathas from?, answer: the state of what is now Maharashtra | question: In what year did the British Empire replace the Maratha Empire?, answer: 1818
Over three quarters of the student body has some proficiency in a second language (numbering 107 languages in total). This is partially due to the fact that 45 percent of the student body at BYU has been missionaries for LDS Church, and many of them learned a foreign language as part of their mission assignment. During any given semester, about one-third of the student body is enrolled in foreign language classes, a rate nearly four times the national average. BYU offers courses in over 60 different languages, many with advanced courses that are seldom offered elsewhere. Several of its language programs are the largest of their kind in the nation, the Russian program being one example. The university was selected by the United States Department of Education as the location of the national Middle East Language Resource Center, making the school a hub for experts on that region. It was also selected as a Center for International Business Education Research, a function of which is to train business employees in international languages and relations.

question: What percentage of the student body of BYU has some proficiency in a second language?, answer: Over three quarters | question: What can be attributed to BYU's high percentage of second language proficient students?, answer: 45 percent of the student body at BYU has been missionaries for LDS Church | question: How many languages are offered as courses at BYU?, answer: over 60 | question: What designation does BYU's Russian language program hold?, answer: largest of their kind in the nation | question: Who chose BYU as the location of the national Middle East Language Resource Center?, answer: United States Department of Education
Over time, Roman architecture was modified as their urban requirements changed, and the civil engineering and building construction technology became developed and refined. The Roman concrete has remained a riddle, and even after more than 2,000 years some Roman structures still stand magnificently. The architectural style of the capital city was emulated by other urban centers under Roman control and influence. Roman cities were well planned, efficiently managed and neatly maintained.[citation needed]

question: What was a primary cause of the modification of Roman architectural elements?, answer: urban requirements changed | question: What Roman construction material has continued to be a mystery to this day?, answer: Roman concrete | question: Do any Roman structures still exist in our time?, answer: even after more than 2,000 years some Roman structures still stand magnificently | question: What facet of the capital city was emulated by other urban centers in the Roman Republic?, answer: The architectural style
Over time, fidelity, dynamic and noise levels improved to the point that it was harder to tell the difference between a live performance in the studio and the recorded version. This was especially true after the invention of the variable reluctance magnetic pickup cartridge by General Electric in the 1940s when high quality cuts were played on well-designed audio systems. The Capehart radio/phonographs of the era with large diameter electrodynamic loudspeakers, though not ideal, demonstrated this quite well with "home recordings" readily available in the music stores for the public to buy.

question: What was a benefit of the use of magnetic pickup cartridge?, answer: high quality cuts | question: In what era could you find good quality recordings and playbacks at home?, answer: 1940s | question: What was a unique feature of the Capeart radio phonographs?, answer: large diameter electrodynamic loudspeakers | question: How similar were live and recorded versions?, answer: harder to tell the difference
Over time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and political power. Others, such as Russia and Austria-Hungary, stagnated. At the same time, other states were emerging and expanding in power, largely through the process of industrialization. These countries seeking to attain great power status were: Italy after the Risorgimento, Japan after the Meiji Restoration, and the United States after its civil war. By the dawn of the 20th century, the balance of world power had changed substantially since the Congress of Vienna. The Eight-Nation Alliance was a belligerent alliance of eight nations against the Boxer Rebellion in China. It formed in 1900 and consisted of the five Congress powers plus Italy, Japan, and the United States, representing the great powers at the beginning of 20th century.

question: Was the power of the 5 countries constant?, answer: relative power of these five nations fluctuated | question: What countries found their economic growth in early 20th century?, answer: United Kingdom and Prussia | question: Which of the 5 powers were beginning to stagnate in early 20th century?, answer: Russia and Austria-Hungary | question: What agreement replaced the Congress of Vienna?, answer: Eight-Nation Alliance | question: What conflict was this agreement in opposition of?, answer: Boxer Rebellion in China.
Over two centuries after the removal of the capital to Beijing, Nanjing was destined to become the capital of a Ming emperor one more time. After the fall of Beijing to Li Zicheng's rebel forces and then to the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in the spring of 1644, the Ming prince Zhu Yousong was enthroned in Nanjing in June 1644 as the Hongguang Emperor. His short reign was described by later historians as the first reign of the so-called Southern Ming dynasty.

question: When did Beijing lose to Li Zicheng's rebel forces and the Manchu-led Qing dynasty?, answer: 1644 | question: What Ming prince was enthroned in Nanjing?, answer: Zhu Yousong | question: When was Zhu Yousong enthroned?, answer: in June 1644 | question: What was Zhu Yousong's title?, answer: the Hongguang Emperor | question: The Hongguang Emperor's reign was thought of as the first reign of what dynasty?, answer: the so-called Southern Ming dynasty
Over two-thirds of Melburnians speak only English at home (68.1%). Chinese (mainly Cantonese and Mandarin) is the second-most-common language spoken at home (3.6%), with Greek third, Italian fourth and Vietnamese fifth, each with more than 100,000 speakers. Although Victoria's net interstate migration has fluctuated, the population of the Melbourne statistical division has grown by about 70,000 people a year since 2005. Melbourne has now attracted the largest proportion of international overseas immigrants (48,000) finding it outpacing Sydney's international migrant intake on percentage, along with having strong interstate migration from Sydney and other capitals due to more affordable housing and cost of living.

question: What percentage of Melburnians speak only English at home?, answer: 68.1% | question: What is the second-most-common language in Melborne?, answer: Chinese | question: The Melbourne statistical division population has grown by how many people each year since 2005?, answer: 70,000 | question: What factors make Melbourne more attractie than Sydney for overseas immigrants?, answer: more affordable housing and cost of living
Owing to Napoleon's praise of Saint Helena’s coffee during his exile on the island, the product enjoyed a brief popularity in Paris in the years after his death.

question: Which product of Saint Helena was praised by Napoleon?, answer: coffee | question: Where did Saint Helena's coffee get popular after Napoleon's death?, answer: Paris | question: What product got popular in Paris after Napoloen's death?, answer: coffee