lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Miami's tropical weather allows for year-round outdoors activities. The city has numerous marinas, rivers, bays, canals, and the Atlantic Ocean, which make boating, sailing, and fishing popular outdoors activities. Biscayne Bay has numerous coral reefs which make snorkeling and scuba diving popular. There are over 80 parks and gardens in the city. The largest and most popular parks are Bayfront Park and Bicentennial Park (located in the heart of Downtown and the location of the American Airlines Arena and Bayside Marketplace), Tropical Park, Peacock Park, Morningside Park, Virginia Key, and Watson Island.

question: How many gardens and parks are in Miami?, answer: 80 | question: In what park is the American Airlines Arena located?, answer: Bicentennial | question: Due to the presence of coral reefs, what activities are popular in Biscayne Bay?, answer: snorkeling and scuba diving | question: In what neighborhood is Bicentennial Park located?, answer: Downtown | question: Why can outdoor activities take place all year in Miami?, answer: tropical weather
Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone was established in 1992, with a planned area of 43 km2 (17 sq mi). The zone is situated 96 kilometers away from Chengdu, and is 8 km (5.0 mi) away from Mianyang Airport. Since its establishment, the zone accumulated 177.4 billion yuan of industrial output, 46.2 billion yuan of gross domestic product, fiscal revenue 6.768 billion yuan. There are more than 136 high-tech enterprises in the zone and they accounted for more than 90% of the total industrial output.

question: What is the planned area of the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone?, answer: 17 sq mi | question: What is the distance between the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone and Mianyang Airport?, answer: 8 km | question: How much value has Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone output since inception?, answer: 177.4 billion yuan | question: How many high-tech enterprises are present in the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone ?, answer: 136
Michel Djotodia took over as president and in May 2013 Central African Republic's Prime Minister Nicolas Tiangaye requested a UN peacekeeping force from the UN Security Council and on 31 May former President Bozizé was indicted for crimes against humanity and incitement of genocide. The security situation did not improve during June–August 2013 and there were reports of over 200,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) as well as human rights abuses and renewed fighting between Séléka and Bozizé supporters.

question: Who became president in 2013?, answer: Michel Djotodia | question: What was Bozize indicted for?, answer: crimes against humanity | question: What mass murder did Bozize commit?, answer: genocide | question: How many people were displaced in the unrests?, answer: 200,000 | question: What faction was fighting against the remaining Bozize loyalists?, answer: Séléka
Michel Foucault claims that the contemporary concept of police as a paid and funded functionary of the state was developed by German and French legal scholars and practitioners in Public administration and Statistics in the 17th and early 18th centuries, most notably with Nicolas Delamare's Traité de la Police ("Treatise on the Police"), first published in 1705. The German Polizeiwissenschaft (Science of Police) first theorized by Philipp von Hörnigk a 17th-century Austrian Political economist and civil servant and much more famously by Johann Heinrich Gottlob Justi who produced an important theoretical work known as Cameral science on the formulation of police. Foucault cites Magdalene Humpert author of Bibliographie der Kameralwissenschaften (1937) in which the author makes note of a substantial bibliography was produced of over 4000 pieces of the practice of Polizeiwissenschaft however, this maybe a mistranslation of Foucault's own work the actual source of Magdalene Humpert states over 14,000 items were produced from the 16th century dates ranging from 1520-1850.

question: Which countries' scholars developed the contemporary police concept?, answer: German and French | question: When was the 'Treatise on the Police' published?, answer: 1705 | question: What was the 'Treatise on the Police' called in French?, answer: Traité de la Police | question: Who wrote the 'Treatise on the Police'?, answer: Nicolas Delamare | question: What was von Hornigk's career?, answer: Political economist and civil servant
Microbiological culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease. In a microbial culture, a growth medium is provided for a specific agent. A sample taken from potentially diseased tissue or fluid is then tested for the presence of an infectious agent able to grow within that medium. Most pathogenic bacteria are easily grown on nutrient agar, a form of solid medium that supplies carbohydrates and proteins necessary for growth of a bacterium, along with copious amounts of water. A single bacterium will grow into a visible mound on the surface of the plate called a colony, which may be separated from other colonies or melded together into a "lawn". The size, color, shape and form of a colony is characteristic of the bacterial species, its specific genetic makeup (its strain), and the environment that supports its growth. Other ingredients are often added to the plate to aid in identification. Plates may contain substances that permit the growth of some bacteria and not others, or that change color in response to certain bacteria and not others. Bacteriological plates such as these are commonly used in the clinical identification of infectious bacterium. Microbial culture may also be used in the identification of viruses: the medium in this case being cells grown in culture that the virus can infect, and then alter or kill. In the case of viral identification, a region of dead cells results from viral growth, and is called a "plaque". Eukaryotic parasites may also be grown in culture as a means of identifying a particular agent.

question: What type of culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease?, answer: Microbiological | question: What type of medium is provided for a specific agent in a microbial culture?, answer: growth | question: What are most pathogenic bacteria easily grown on?, answer: nutrient agar | question: What is it called when a visible mound forms on the surface of a plate?, answer: a colony | question: What is a region of dead cells resulting from viral growth called?, answer: a "plaque"
Micronesian colonists gradually settled the Marshall Islands during the 2nd millennium BC, with inter-island navigation made possible using traditional stick charts. Islands in the archipelago were first explored by Europeans in the 1520s, with Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar sighting an atoll in August 1526. Other expeditions by Spanish and English ships followed. The islands derive their name from British explorer John Marshall, who visited in 1788. The islands were historically known by the inhabitants as "jolet jen Anij" (Gifts from God).

question: Who were the original settlers of the area that became the Marshall Islands?, answer: Micronesian colonists | question: How were original settlers of the area able to move between islands?, answer: traditional stick charts | question: In what year did a European explorer first see the Marshall Islands?, answer: 1526 | question: Which explorer first saw the Marshall Islands?, answer: Alonso de Salazar | question: For whom are the Marshall Islands named?, answer: John Marshall | question: During what span were the Marshall Islands first settled?, answer: 2nd millennium BC | question: Who first settled the Marshall Islands?, answer: Micronesian colonists | question: In what decade did Europeans first visit the Marshall Islands?, answer: 1520s | question: In what month and year did a European first arrive at the Marshall Islands?, answer: August 1526 | question: After whom are the Marshall Islands named?, answer: John Marshall
Micronesians settled the Marshall Islands in the 2nd millennium BC, but there are no historical or oral records of that period. Over time, the Marshall Island people learned to navigate over long ocean distances by canoe using traditional stick charts.

question: Who arrived at the Marshall Islands in the second millennium BC?, answer: Micronesians | question: What did not exist at the time during which Micronesians arrived at the Marshall Islands?, answer: historical or oral records | question: What vessel did early settlers of the Marshall Islands use to travel?, answer: canoe | question: What is the name of the item used as a primitive type of map for navigation by early settlers of the Marshall Islands?, answer: traditional stick charts | question: Who first settled the Marshall Islands?, answer: Micronesians | question: When were the Marshal Islands first settled?, answer: 2nd millennium BC | question: In what vehicles did the Marshall Islanders travel by water?, answer: canoe | question: What navigation aids did the Marshall Islanders use?, answer: stick charts
Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released in May 1990, and according to a common saying at the time "Windows was not as good as Macintosh, but it was good enough for the average user". Though still a graphical wrapper that relied upon MS-DOS, 3.0 was the first iteration of Windows which had a feature set and performance comparable to the much more expensive Macintosh platform. It also did not help matters that during the previous year Jean-Louis Gassée had steadfastly refused to lower the profit margins on Mac computers. Finally, there was a component shortage that rocked the exponentially-expanding PC industry in 1989, forcing Apple USA head Allan Loren to cut prices which dropped Apple's margins.

question: When Microsfot Windows 3.0 was released, what was it commonly said to not be as good as?, answer: Macintosh | question: Who was Microsoft Windows 3.0 commonly said to be good enough for?, answer: the average user | question: What was responsible for the drop in Apple's margins in 1989?, answer: a component shortage | question: Who made the decision in 1989 to cut prices on Mac computers?, answer: Apple USA head Allan Loren | question: What was Microsoft Windows 3.0's performance comparable to?, answer: Macintosh platform
Microsoft Windows keeps the system real-time clock in local time. This causes several problems, including compatibility when multi booting with operating systems that set the clock to UTC, and double-adjusting the clock when multi booting different Windows versions, such as with a rescue boot disk. This approach is a problem even in Windows-only systems: there is no support for per-user timezone settings, only a single system-wide setting. In 2008 Microsoft hinted that future versions of Windows will partially support a Windows registry entry RealTimeIsUniversal that had been introduced many years earlier, when Windows NT supported RISC machines with UTC clocks, but had not been maintained. Since then at least two fixes related to this feature have been published by Microsoft.

question: What does Microsoft Windows use internally for its real-time clock?, answer: local time | question: Not using UTC, Windows can't multi boot with different versions of itself like you'd need to do to use what kind of disk?, answer: a rescue boot disk | question: As opposed to providing support for users to have unique time zone settings, Windows will only allow for what?, answer: a single system-wide setting | question: In what year did Microsoft imply that they would be making changes to support RealTimeIsUniversal in a step towards compatibility with UTC?, answer: 2008 | question: Since 2008, at least how many times has Microsoft released fixes for the RealTimeIsUniversal feature?, answer: two
Microsoft began an advertising campaign centered around Windows 8 and its Surface tablet in October 2012, starting with its first television advertisement premiering on October 14, 2012. Microsoft's advertising budget of US$1.5–1.8 billion was significantly larger than the US$200 million campaign used to promote Windows 95. As part of its campaign, Microsoft set up 34 pop-up stores inside malls (primarily focusing on Surface), provided training for retail employees in partnership with Intel, and collaborated with the electronics store chain Best Buy to design expanded spaces to showcase devices. In an effort to make retail displays of Windows 8 devices more "personal", Microsoft also developed a character known in English-speaking markets as "Allison Brown", whose fictional profile (including personal photos, contacts, and emails) is also featured on demonstration units of Windows 8 devices.

question: How much money was allocated to advertise Windows 8?, answer: $1.5–1.8 billion | question: How much money was allocated to advertise Windows 95?, answer: $200 million | question: What is the name of the character Microsoft used to make Windows 8 seem more personable?, answer: Allison Brown | question: When did Microsoft begin promoting Windows 8?, answer: October 2012 | question: How many pop up stores did Microsoft set up to help promote Windows 8?, answer: 34
Microsoft released minimum hardware requirements for tablet and laplet devices to be "certified" for Windows 8, and defined a convertible form factor as a standalone device that combines the PC, display and rechargeable power source with a mechanically attached keyboard and pointing device in a single chassis. A convertible can be transformed into a tablet where the attached input devices are hidden or removed leaving the display as the only input mechanism. On March 12, 2013, Microsoft amended its certification requirements to only require that screens on tablets have a minimum resolution of 1024×768 (down from the previous 1366×768). The amended requirement is intended to allow "greater design flexibility" for future products.

question: Why did Microsoft decrease the required resoultion for tablets?, answer: to allow "greater design flexibility" for future products | question: What is a convertible form factor?, answer: a standalone device that combines the PC, display and rechargeable power source with a mechanically attached keyboard and pointing device in a single chassis | question: How does a convertible become a tablet?, answer: attached input devices are hidden or removed leaving the display as the only input mechanism | question: What did Microsoft change the tablet resolution requirements on March 12, 2013?, answer: 1024×768
Microsoft responded with its Internet Explorer in 1995, also heavily influenced by Mosaic, initiating the industry's first browser war. Bundled with Windows, Internet Explorer gained dominance in the web browser market; Internet Explorer usage share peaked at over 95% by 2002.

question: Who released the Internet Explorer browser?, answer: Microsoft | question: When did Microsoft release Internet Explorer?, answer: 1995 | question: The release of Internet Explorer started the first what?, answer: browser war | question: What was bundled with Internet Explorer?, answer: Windows
Mid-20th century movies set in the Bronx portrayed densely settled, working-class, urban culture. Hollywood films such as From This Day Forward (1946), set in Highbridge, occasionally delved into Bronx life. Paddy Chayefsky's Academy Award-winning Marty was the most notable examination of working class Bronx life was also explored by Chayefsky in his 1956 film The Catered Affair, and in the 1993 Robert De Niro/Chazz Palminteri film, A Bronx Tale, Spike Lee's 1999 movie Summer of Sam, centered in an Italian-American Bronx community, 1994's I Like It Like That that takes place in the predominantly Puerto Rican neighborhood of the South Bronx, and Doughboys, the story of two Italian-American brothers in danger of losing their bakery thanks to one brother's gambling debts.

question: When was 'From This Day Forward' released?, answer: 1946 | question: Where was 'From This Day Forward' set?, answer: Highbridge | question: When was 'The Catered Affair' released?, answer: 1956 | question: What did 'The Catered Affair' explore?, answer: working class Bronx life | question: What was 'Summer of Sam' about?, answer: an Italian-American Bronx community
Midtown Raleigh is a residential and commercial area just North of the I-440 Beltline and is part of North Raleigh. It is roughly framed by Glenwood/Creedmoor Road to the West, Wake Forest Road to the East, and Millbrook Road to the North. It includes shopping centers such as North Hills and Crabtree Valley Mall. It also includes North Hills Park and part of the Raleigh Greenway System. The term was coined by the Greater Raleigh Chamber of Commerce, developer John Kane and planning director Mitchell Silver. The News & Observer newspaper started using the term for marketing purposes only. The Midtown Raleigh Alliance was founded on July 25, 2011 as a way for community leaders to promote the area.

question: Where is Midtown Raleigh?, answer: North of the I-440 Beltline | question: What frames Midtown Raleigh?, answer: Glenwood/Creedmoor Road to the West, Wake Forest Road to the East, and Millbrook Road | question: Where is the North Hills Shopping center?, answer: Midtown Raleigh | question: Who was the area developer?, answer: John Kane | question: When was the Midtown Raleigh Alliance formed?, answer: July 25, 2011
Midway proved to be the last great naval battle for two years. The United States used the ensuing period to turn its vast industrial potential into increased numbers of ships, planes, and trained aircrew. At the same time, Japan, lacking an adequate industrial base or technological strategy, a good aircrew training program, or adequate naval resources and commerce defense, fell further and further behind. In strategic terms the Allies began a long movement across the Pacific, seizing one island base after another. Not every Japanese stronghold had to be captured; some, like Truk, Rabaul, and Formosa, were neutralized by air attack and bypassed. The goal was to get close to Japan itself, then launch massive strategic air attacks, improve the submarine blockade, and finally (only if necessary) execute an invasion.

question: What did the United States turn it's industry to in the two years folloing the Battle of Midway?, answer: increased numbers of ships, planes, and trained aircrew | question: How were the bypassed Japanese strongholds neutralized?, answer: air attack | question: What blockade against Japan was to be improved on?, answer: submarine blockade
Midway through the 19th century, the focus of geology shifted from description and classification to attempts to understand how the surface of the Earth had changed. The first comprehensive theories of mountain building were proposed during this period, as were the first modern theories of earthquakes and volcanoes. Louis Agassiz and others established the reality of continent-covering ice ages, and "fluvialists" like Andrew Crombie Ramsay argued that river valleys were formed, over millions of years by the rivers that flow through them. After the discovery of radioactivity, radiometric dating methods were developed, starting in the 20th century. Alfred Wegener's theory of "continental drift" was widely dismissed when he proposed it in the 1910s, but new data gathered in the 1950s and 1960s led to the theory of plate tectonics, which provided a plausible mechanism for it. Plate tectonics also provided a unified explanation for a wide range of seemingly unrelated geological phenomena. Since 1970 it has served as the unifying principle in geology.

question: What changed about the way geology was implemented during the 19th century?, answer: shifted from description and classification to attempts to understand how the surface of the Earth had changed | question: The idea of an ice-age that completely covered a continent was suggested by whom?, answer: Louis Agassiz | question: What group did Andrew Crombie Ramsay belong to?, answer: fluvialists | question: What did Ramsay believe about river valleys?, answer: were formed, over millions of years by the rivers that flow through them | question: What happened after radioactivity was realized?, answer: radiometric dating methods were developed
Mieszko I of Poland (c. 935 – 25 May 992) established an elite knightly retinue from within his army, which he depended upon for success in uniting the Lekhitic tribes and preserving the unity of his state. Documented proof exists of Mieszko I's successors utilizing such a retinue, as well.

question: WHo established an elite knightly retinue?, answer: Mieszko I of Poland | question: How long was Miesko I of Poland reigning?, answer: (c. 935 – 25 May 992) | question: Along with uniting the lekhitic tribes what did poland succeed in?, answer: preserving the unity of his state | question: Who also established this retinue as well?, answer: Mieszko I's successors
Migrating birds can lose their way and appear outside their normal ranges. This can be due to flying past their destinations as in the "spring overshoot" in which birds returning to their breeding areas overshoot and end up further north than intended. Certain areas, because of their location, have become famous as watchpoints for such birds. Examples are the Point Pelee National Park in Canada, and Spurn in England.

question: How can migrating birds lose their way?, answer: flying past their destinations | question: What is flying past their destinations called?, answer: spring overshoot | question: What location has become famous for bird overshooters?, answer: Point Pelee National Park | question: What other location is famous for spring overshoot?, answer: Spurn in England | question: Where do bird overshooters end up?, answer: further north than intended
Migration in birds is highly labile and is believed to have developed independently in many avian lineages. While it is agreed that the behavioral and physiological adaptations necessary for migration are under genetic control, some authors have argued that no genetic change is necessary for migratory behavior to develop in a sedentary species because the genetic framework for migratory behavior exists in nearly all avian lineages. This explains the rapid appearance of migratory behavior after the most recent glacial maximum.

question: How was migration developed?, answer: independently | question: What is highly labile?, answer: Migration in birds | question: What causes the behavioral adaptations necessary for migration?, answer: genetic control | question: What exists in nearly all avian lineages?, answer: genetic framework for migratory behavior
Migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south, undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather. Sometimes, journeys are not termed "true migration" because they are irregular (nomadism, invasions, irruptions) or in only one direction (dispersal, movement of young away from natal area). Migration is marked by its annual seasonality. Non-migratory birds are said to be resident or sedentary. Approximately 1800 of the world's 10,000 bird species are long-distance migrants.

question: Why do birds migrate?, answer: response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather | question: What are non=migratory birds called?, answer: resident or sedentary | question: How many species of birds are there?, answer: 10,000 | question: How many bird species are long distance migrants?, answer: 1800 | question: Which direction do birds primarily migrate?, answer: north and south