lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Imperial acquired Silwood Park in 1947, to provide a site for research and teaching in those aspects of biology not well suited for the main London campus. Felix, Imperial's student newspaper, was launched on 9 December 1949. On 29 January 1950, the government announced that it was intended that Imperial should expand to meet the scientific and technological challenges of the 20th century and a major expansion of the College followed over the next decade. In 1959 the Wolfson Foundation donated £350,000 for the establishment of a new Biochemistry Department.[citation needed] A special relationship between Imperial and the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi was established in 1963.[citation needed]

question: What site did Imperial acquire in 1947?, answer: Silwood Park | question: What was the name of Imperial's student newspaper?, answer: Felix | question: How much money was donated for a new Biochemistry Department?, answer: £350,000 | question: Who donated the large sum of money to help aid the establishement of the Biochemistry Department?, answer: Wolfson Foundation | question: Imperial formed a relationship with which other entity in 1963?, answer: Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Imperial submitted a total of 1,257 staff across 14 units of assessment to the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF) assessment. In the REF results 46% of Imperial's submitted research was classified as 4*, 44% as 3*, 9% as 2* and 1% as 1*, giving an overall GPA of 3.36. In rankings produced by Times Higher Education based upon the REF results Imperial was ranked 2nd overall for GPA and 8th for "research power" (compared to 6th and 7th respectively in the equivalent rankings for the RAE 2008).

question: How many staff members did Imperial submit assessments of for the REF assessment?, answer: 1,257 | question: In the 2014 rankings produced by Times Higher Education, what position was Imperial ranked for GPA?, answer: 2nd | question: How many units of assessment did Imperial submit?, answer: 14 | question: How highly was Imperial ranked in "research power" in 2014?, answer: 8th | question: How many staff members did Imperial claim to have in 2014?, answer: 1,257 | question: What does REF stand for?, answer: Research Excellence Framework | question: What was the percentage of Imperials research that was seemed to be 3*?, answer: 44% | question: What did the REF give Imperial as an overall GPA?, answer: 3.36 | question: What was Imperial's overall GPA rank according to the Times Higher Education?, answer: 2nd
Imperial's main campus is located in the South Kensington area of central London. It is situated in an area of South Kensington, known as Albertopolis, which has a high concentration of cultural and academic institutions, adjacent to the Natural History Museum, the Science Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Royal College of Music, the Royal College of Art, the Royal Geographical Society and the Royal Albert Hall. Nearby public attractions include the Kensington Palace, Hyde Park and the Kensington Gardens, the National Art Library, and the Brompton Oratory. The expansion of the South Kensington campus in the 1950s & 1960s absorbed the site of the former Imperial Institute, designed by Thomas Collcutt, of which only the 287 foot (87 m) high Queen's Tower remains among the more modern buildings.

question: In which area in London is Imperial's main campus located?, answer: South Kensington | question: What is the area inside of South Kensington where Imperial is located known as?, answer: Albertopolis | question: In which decade did the expansion of the South Kensington campus being?, answer: 1950s | question: Who designed the Imperial Institue that was a victim of Imperial's expansion in the 1950s & 1960s?, answer: Thomas Collcutt | question: Which landmark still remains from the Imperial Institue after Imperial's expansion?, answer: Queen's Tower
Important Justinian era mosaics decorated the Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai in Egypt. Generally wall mosaics have not survived in the region because of the destruction of buildings but the St. Catherine's Monastery is exceptional. On the upper wall Moses is shown in two panels on a landscape background. In the apse we can see the Transfiguration of Jesus on a golden background. The apse is surrounded with bands containing medallions of apostles and prophets, and two contemporary figure, "Abbot Longinos" and "John the Deacon". The mosaic was probably created in 565/6.

question: What era were the mosaics that adorned Saint Catherine's Monastery?, answer: Justinian | question: Where is Saint Catherine's Monastery located?, answer: Mount Sinai in Egypt | question: Why have wall mosaics generally not survived in the region?, answer: the destruction of buildings | question: Who is depicted in Saint Catherine's Monastery on a mosaic landscape background?, answer: Moses | question: When was the mosaic at Saint Catherine's Monastery created?, answer: in 565/6
Important fragments survived from the mosaic floor of the Great Palace of Constantinople which was commissioned during Justinian's reign. The figures, animals, plants all are entirely classical but they are scattered before a plain background. The portrait of a moustached man, probably a Gothic chieftain, is considered the most important surviving mosaic of the Justinianian age. The so-called small sekreton of the palace was built during Justin II's reign around 565–577. Some fragments survive from the mosaics of this vaulted room. The vine scroll motifs are very similar to those in the Santa Constanza and they still closely follow the Classical tradition. There are remains of floral decoration in the Church of the Acheiropoietos in Thessaloniki (5th–6th centuries).

question: When were the mosaics at the Great Palace of Constantinople commissioned?, answer: during Justinian's reign | question: What is considered the most important surviving mosaic of the Justinian age?, answer: The portrait of a moustached man | question: What was the small vaulted room in the Great Palace of Constantinople called?, answer: small sekreton | question: Vine Scroll motifs are classified under what kind of tradition?, answer: Classical | question: When were the mosaics at the church in Thessaloniki created?, answer: 5th–6th centuries
Important geological concepts were established as naturalists began studying the rock formations of the Alps in the 18th century. In the mid-19th century the now defunct theory of geosynclines was used to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains but by the mid-20th century the theory of plate tectonics became widely accepted.

question: Who began studying the rock formations of the Alps, answer: naturalists | question: When did the studying of rock formations begin in the Alps?, answer: the 18th century | question: What was used in the mid-19th century to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains?, answer: theory of geosynclines | question: What theory was more widely accepted by the mid-20th century?, answer: the theory of plate tectonics
Imported Chinese labourers arrived in 1810, reaching a peak of 618 in 1818, after which numbers were reduced. Only a few older men remained after the British Crown took over the government of the island from the East India Company in 1834. The majority were sent back to China, although records in the Cape suggest that they never got any farther than Cape Town. There were also a very few Indian lascars who worked under the harbour master.

question: When did Imported Chinese labor arrive?, answer: 1810 | question: How many imported Chinese laborers were there at the peak of importation?, answer: 618 | question: What year did importation of Chinese Laborers peak?, answer: 1818
Imported mystery religions, which offered initiates salvation in the afterlife, were a matter of personal choice for an individual, practiced in addition to carrying on one's family rites and participating in public religion. The mysteries, however, involved exclusive oaths and secrecy, conditions that conservative Romans viewed with suspicion as characteristic of "magic", conspiratorial (coniuratio), or subversive activity. Sporadic and sometimes brutal attempts were made to suppress religionists who seemed to threaten traditional morality and unity, as with the senate's efforts to restrict the Bacchanals in 186 BC.

question: What was the practice of religion to the Romans?, answer: personal choice | question: What was the standard practice in Roman religious life?, answer: public religion | question: What part of Roman religious practice involved secrecy?, answer: mysteries | question: What group viewed the mysteries as suspicious or subversive?, answer: conservative Romans | question: What did the mysteries seem to threaten that made the Romans occasionally attempt to ban them?, answer: morality and unity
Improved aircraft designs were in the offing with the Bristol Beaufighter, then under development. It would prove formidable, but its development was slow. The Beaufighter had a maximum speed of 320 mph (510 km/h), an operational ceiling of 26,000 ft (7,900 m) and a climb rate of 2,500 ft (760 m) per minute. Its armament of four 20 mm (0.79 in) Hispano cannon and six .303 in Browning machine guns offered a serious threat to German bombers. On 19 November, John Cunningham of No. 604 Squadron RAF shot down a bomber flying an AI-equipped Beaufighter. It was the first air victory for the airborne radar.

question: What was the max speed of a Beaufighter?, answer: 320 mph (510 km/h) | question: What is the operational ceiling of the Beaufighter?, answer: 26,000 ft (7,900 m) | question: how many machine guns did the Beaufighter include?, answer: six .303 in Browning machine guns | question: What day was the first victory the RAF had with airborne radar?, answer: 19 November
Improved sanitation in the developing world is a global need, but a neglected priority as shown by the data collected by the Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) of UNICEF and WHO. This program is tasked to monitor progress towards the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) relating to drinking water and sanitation. About one billion people have no sanitation facility whatsoever and continue to defecate in gutters, behind bushes or in open water bodies, with no dignity or privacy - which is called open defecation and which poses significant health risks. India is the country with the highest number of people practicing open defecation: around 600 million people. India has also become a focus country for the foundation's sanitation activities which has become evident since the "Reinvent the Toilet Fair" in Delhi, India in March 2014.

question: What is need in the developing world, answer: Improved sanitation in the developing world is a global need | question: What does data collected by unicef and Who show, answer: Improved sanitation in the developing world is a global need, but a neglected priority as shown by the data collected | question: How many people have no sanatation facilities, answer: About one billion people have no sanitation facility whatsoever and continue to defecate in gutters, behind bushes or in open water bodies | question: What country is the worst violator, answer: India is the country with the highest number of people practicing open defecation: around 600 million people | question: India is host to what activity, answer: "Reinvent the Toilet Fair" in Delhi, India in March 2014.
Improvisation once played an important role in classical music. A remnant of this improvisatory tradition in classical music can be heard in the cadenza, a passage found mostly in concertos and solo works, designed to allow skilled performers to exhibit their virtuoso skills on the instrument. Traditionally this was improvised by the performer; however, it is often written for (or occasionally by) the performer beforehand. Improvisation is also an important aspect in authentic performances of operas of Baroque era and of bel canto (especially operas of Vincenzo Bellini), and is best exemplified by the da capo aria, a form by which famous singers typically perform variations of the thematic matter of the aria in the recapitulation section ('B section' / the 'da capo' part). An example is Beverly Sills' complex, albeit pre-written, variation of Da tempeste il legno infranto from Händel's Giulio Cesare.

question: What once played an important role in classical music?, answer: Improvisation | question: Where can a remnant of improvisation tradition be found?, answer: cadenza | question: What can solo performers exhibit during a cadenza?, answer: their virtuoso skills on the instrument | question: What type of performances of Baroque ear Operas require improvisation?, answer: authentic performances | question: An example of improvisation in an opera is Beverly Sills variation of what movement of Handel's Giulio Cesare?, answer: Da tempeste il legno infranto
In "Freedom in the World 2011", Freedom House rated Cyprus as "free". In January 2011, the Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the question of Human Rights in Cyprus noted that the ongoing division of Cyprus continues to affect human rights throughout the island "... including freedom of movement, human rights pertaining to the question of missing persons, discrimination, the right to life, freedom of religion, and economic, social and cultural rights." The constant focus on the division of the island can sometimes mask other human rights issues.[citation needed]

question: Why does the United Nations question the Human rights status of Cyprus?, answer: ongoing division of Cyprus continues to affect human rights throughout the island | question: What is the rating for Cyprus in the "Freedom in the World 2011" report?, answer: free | question: What is one of the reasons for the human rights issues on Cyprus?, answer: division of the island
In 1 April 2012 by-elections the NLD won 43 of the 45 available seats; previously an illegal organisation, the NLD had never won a Burmese election until this time. The 2012 by-elections were also the first time that international representatives were allowed to monitor the voting process in Myanmar. Following announcement of the by-elections, the Freedom House organisation raised concerns about "reports of fraud and harassment in the lead up to elections, including the March 23 deportation of Somsri Hananuntasuk, executive director of the Asian Network for Free Elections (ANFREL), a regional network of civil society organisations promoting democratization." However, uncertainties exist as some other political prisoners have not been released and clashes between Burmese troops and local insurgent groups continue.

question: Who raised concerns of fraud in the elections held in the Burma 2012 elections ?, answer: the Freedom House organisation raised concerns | question: Did all of the political prisoners obtain freedom due to the election in Burma of 2012 ?, answer: some other political prisoners have not been released | question: Who was expelled from Myanmar before the elections of 2012 and what position did they hold ?, answer: Somsri Hananuntasuk, executive director of the Asian Network for Free Elections (ANFREL) | question: Are international monitors used in the elections of Burma ?, answer: The 2012 by-elections were also the first time that international representatives were allowed to monitor the voting process in Myanmar | question: Does the political party of Aung San Suu Ky hold any positions among the ruling faction ?, answer: 43 of the 45 available seats
In 1045, the Byzantine Empire conquered Bagratid Armenia. Soon, the other Armenian states fell under Byzantine control as well. The Byzantine rule was short lived, as in 1071 Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantines and conquered Armenia at the Battle of Manzikert, establishing the Seljuk Empire. To escape death or servitude at the hands of those who had assassinated his relative, Gagik II, King of Ani, an Armenian named Roupen, went with some of his countrymen into the gorges of the Taurus Mountains and then into Tarsus of Cilicia. The Byzantine governor of the palace gave them shelter where the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia was eventually established on 6 January 1198 under King Leo I, a descendant of Prince Roupen.

question: Who vanquished Bagratid Armenia?, answer: the Byzantine Empire | question: When did the Seljuk Turks beat the Byzantines?, answer: 1071 | question: When was Cilicia founded?, answer: 6 January 1198 | question: What was the outcome of the Battle of Manzikert for the Seljuk Turks?, answer: conquered Armenia | question: Where did Roupen find refuge?, answer: Tarsus of Cilicia
In 1063, Ferdinand I of Castile divided his realm among his sons, and the Kingdom of Galicia was granted to Garcia II of Galicia. In 1072, it was forcibly annexed by Garcia's brother Alfonso VI of León; from that time Galicia was united with the Kingdom of León under the same monarchs. In the 13th century Alfonso X of Castile standardized the Castilian language and made it the language of court and government. Nevertheless, in his Kingdom of Galicia the Galician language was the only language spoken, and the most used in government and legal uses, as well as in literature.

question: Who was it that in 1063 gave rule over Galicia to his son?, answer: Ferdinand I | question: What was the name of this son?, answer: Garcia II | question: Who was the brother who later took control for himself?, answer: Alfonso VI | question: Galicia then became part of which Kingdom?, answer: Kingdom of León | question: Who standardized Castillan and made it the government's official language?, answer: Alfonso X
In 1165 Maimonides visited Jerusalem and prayed on the Temple Mount, in the "great, holy house". In 1141 Spanish-Jewish poet, Yehuda Halevi, issued a call to the Jews to emigrate to the Land of Israel, a journey he undertook himself. In 1187 Sultan Saladin, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, defeated the Crusaders in the Battle of Hattin and subsequently captured Jerusalem and almost all of Palestine. In time, Saladin issued a proclamation inviting Jews to return and settle in Jerusalem, and according to Judah al-Harizi, they did: "From the day the Arabs took Jerusalem, the Israelites inhabited it." Al-Harizi compared Saladin's decree allowing Jews to re-establish themselves in Jerusalem to the one issued by the Persian king Cyrus the Great over 1,600 years earlier.

question: When did Maimonides visit Jerusalem?, answer: 1165 | question: Who issued a call to the Jews to emigrate to the Land of Israel?, answer: Yehuda Halevi | question: Who was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty?, answer: Sultan Saladin
In 1173 John's elder brothers, backed by Eleanor, rose in revolt against Henry in the short-lived rebellion of 1173 to 1174. Growing irritated with his subordinate position to Henry II and increasingly worried that John might be given additional lands and castles at his expense, Henry the Young King travelled to Paris and allied himself with Louis VII. Eleanor, irritated by her husband's persistent interference in Aquitaine, encouraged Richard and Geoffrey to join their brother Henry in Paris. Henry II triumphed over the coalition of his sons, but was generous to them in the peace settlement agreed at Montlouis. Henry the Young King was allowed to travel widely in Europe with his own household of knights, Richard was given Aquitaine back, and Geoffrey was allowed to return to Brittany; only Eleanor was imprisoned for her role in the revolt.

question: Who backed John's elder brothers?, answer: Eleanor | question: Where did Henry travel to?, answer: Paris | question: Who returned to Brittany?, answer: Geoffrey | question: Who was imprisoned?, answer: Eleanor
In 118 BC, King Micipsa of Numidia (current-day Algeria and Tunisia) died. He was succeeded by two legitimate sons, Adherbal and Hiempsal, and an illegitimate son, Jugurtha. Micipsa divided his kingdom between these three sons. Jugurtha, however, turned on his brothers, killing Hiempsal and driving Adherbal out of Numidia. Adherbal fled to Rome for assistance, and initially Rome mediated a division of the country between the two brothers. Eventually, Jugurtha renewed his offensive, leading to a long and inconclusive war with Rome. He also bribed several Roman commanders, and at least two tribunes, before and during the war. His nemesis, Gaius Marius, a legate from a virtually unknown provincial family, returned from the war in Numidia and was elected consul in 107 BC over the objections of the aristocratic senators. Marius invaded Numidia and brought the war to a quick end, capturing Jugurtha in the process. The apparent incompetence of the Senate, and the brilliance of Marius, had been put on full display. The populares party took full advantage of this opportunity by allying itself with Marius.

question: Who was the illegitimate offspring of the King Micipsa of Numidia?, answer: Jugurtha | question: Who was Jugurtha's rival?, answer: Gaius Marius | question: When was Gaius Marius elected to the position of consul?, answer: 107 BC | question: Who did not agree with the election of Gaius Marius?, answer: aristocratic senators | question: Which individual did the populares part have an allegiance with?, answer: Marius
In 1185 John made his first visit to Ireland, accompanied by 300 knights and a team of administrators. Henry had tried to have John officially proclaimed King of Ireland, but Pope Lucius III would not agree. John's first period of rule in Ireland was not a success. Ireland had only recently been conquered by Anglo-Norman forces, and tensions were still rife between Henry II, the new settlers and the existing inhabitants. John infamously offended the local Irish rulers by making fun of their unfashionable long beards, failed to make allies amongst the Anglo-Norman settlers, began to lose ground militarily against the Irish and finally returned to England later in the year, blaming the viceroy, Hugh de Lacy, for the fiasco.

question: When did John make his first visit to Ireland?, answer: 1185 | question: How many knights accompanied John to Ireland?, answer: 300 | question: How did John offend the local Irish rulers?, answer: making fun of their unfashionable long beards
In 1203, Dominic joined Prior Diego de Acebo on an embassy to Denmark for the monarchy of Spain, to arrange the marriage between the son of King Alfonso VIII of Castile and a niece of King Valdemar II of Denmark. At that time the south of France was the stronghold of the Cathar or Albigensian heresy, named after the Duke of Albi, a Cathar sympathiser and opponent to the subsequent Albigensian Crusade (1209–1229). Dominic was fired by a reforming zeal after they encountered Albigensian Christians at Toulouse.

question: With whom did Dominic travel with to Denmark?, answer: Prior Diego de Acebo | question: Who requested that Dominic travel to Denmark?, answer: monarchy of Spain | question: In 1203, what area was a stronghold of the Cathar?, answer: south of France | question: During what time period did the Albigensian Crusade occur?, answer: 1209–1229 | question: Why did Dominic travel to Denmark in 1203?, answer: to arrange the marriage between the son of King Alfonso VIII of Castile and a niece of King Valdemar II of Denmark