lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Significant Russian-speaking groups also exist in Western Europe. These have been fed by several waves of immigrants since the beginning of the 20th century, each with its own flavor of language. The United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Belgium, Greece, Brazil, Norway, and Austria have significant Russian-speaking communities. According to the 2011 Census of Ireland, there were 21,639 people in the nation who use Russian as a home language. However, of this only 13% were Russian nationals. 20% held Irish citizenship, while 27% and 14% were holding the passports of Latvia and Lithuania respectively.

question: In which European countries do many Russian immigrants live?, answer: The United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Belgium, Greece, Brazil, Norway, and Austria | question: How much of Ireland's Russian speakers are Russian citizens?, answer: 13% | question: How many people in Ireland speak Russian?, answer: 21,639 | question: How much of Ireland's Russian speakers are Irish citizens?, answer: 20% | question: How much of Ireland's Russian speakers are Latvian citizens?, answer: 27%
Significant employers in Southampton include The University of Southampton, Southampton Solent University, Southampton Airport, Ordnance Survey, BBC South, the NHS, ABP and Carnival UK. Southampton is noted for its association with the RMS Titanic, the Spitfire and more generally in the World War II narrative as one of the departure points for D-Day, and more recently as the home port of a number of the largest cruise ships in the world. Southampton has a large shopping centre and retail park called WestQuay. In October 2014, the City Council approved a follow-up from the WestQuay park, called WestQuay Watermark. Construction by Sir Robert McAlpine commenced in January 2015. Hammerson, the owners of the retail park, aim to have at least 1,550 people employed on its premises at year-end 2016.

question: What is the big retail shopping center in Southampton called?, answer: WestQuay | question: In what month of 2014 did Southampton's City Council give the go-ahead for WestQuay Watermark?, answer: October | question: What war is Southampton often associated with?, answer: World War II | question: What company owns WestQuay Watermark?, answer: Hammerson | question: By the end of 2016, how many people are projected to be working onsite at WestQuay Watermark?, answer: 1,550
Significant legislative changes in the status of the szlachta, as defined by Robert Bideleux and Ian Jeffries, consist of its 1374 exemption from the land tax, a 1425 guarantee against the 'arbitrary arrests and/or seizure of property' of its members, a 1454 requirement that military forces and new taxes be approved by provincial Sejms, and statutes issued between 1496 and 1611 that prescribed the rights of commoners.

question: Who defined the significant legislative changes?, answer: Robert Bideleux and Ian Jeffries | question: What is one exemption was part of the significant changes in legislation?, answer: 1374 exemption from the land tax, | question: What did the 1425 requirement entail?, answer: requirement that military forces and new taxes be approved by provincial Sejms | question: What were the statutes issued between 1496 and 1611 prescribed from?, answer: rights of commoners
Sikhism is practiced primarily in Gurudwara at Kupundole. An earlier temple of Sikhism is also present in Kathmandu which is now defunct. Jainism is practiced by a small community. A Jain temple is present in Gyaneshwar, where Jains practice their faith. According to the records of the Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Nepal, there are approximately 300 Baha'is in Kathmandu valley. They have a National Office located in Shantinagar, Baneshwor. The Baha'is also have classes for children at the National Centre and other localities in Kathmandu. Islam is practised in Kathmandu but Muslims are a minority, accounting for about 4.2% of the population of Nepal.[citation needed] It is said that in Kathmandu alone there are 170 Christian churches. Christian missionary hospitals, welfare organizations, and schools are also operating. Nepali citizens who served as soldiers in Indian and British armies, who had converted to Christianity while in service, on return to Nepal continue to practice their religion. They have contributed to the spread of Christianity and the building of churches in Nepal and in Kathmandu, in particular.

question: Where can a temple of the Jain faith be found?, answer: Gyaneshwar | question: Kathmandu valley is home to about how many Baha'i?, answer: 300 | question: Where is the Baha'i national office located in Nepal?, answer: Shantinagar, Baneshwor | question: About what percentage of the Nepali population follows Islam?, answer: 4.2 | question: About how many Christian houses of worship exist in Kathmandu?, answer: 170
Similar alloys with the addition of a small amount of lead can be cold-rolled into sheets. An alloy of 96% zinc and 4% aluminium is used to make stamping dies for low production run applications for which ferrous metal dies would be too expensive. In building facades, roofs or other applications in which zinc is used as sheet metal and for methods such as deep drawing, roll forming or bending, zinc alloys with titanium and copper are used. Unalloyed zinc is too brittle for these kinds of manufacturing processes.

question: What can be done when small amounts of lead are added to alloys?, answer: cold-rolled into sheets | question: What is made with an alloy of 4% aluminium mixed with 96% zinc?, answer: stamping dies | question: Why are alloys used to make stamping dies rather than metal?, answer: too expensive | question: Why isn't unalloyed zinc used in construction applications?, answer: too brittle
Similar developments have taken place in other alphabets. The lower-case script for the Greek alphabet has its origins in the 7th century and acquired its quadrilinear form in the 8th century. Over time, uncial letter forms were increasingly mixed into the script. The earliest dated Greek lower-case text is the Uspenski Gospels (MS 461) in the year 835.[citation needed] The modern practice of capitalising the first letter of every sentence seems to be imported (and is rarely used when printing Ancient Greek materials even today).

question: Which century did the lower-case script for the Greek Alphabet originate?, answer: 7th | question: Which century did the Greek alphabet acquire its quadrilinear form?, answer: 8th | question: Overtime which type of letter forms were mixed increasingly into the Greek language script?, answer: uncial | question: Which year is the earliest dated Greek lower-case text?, answer: 835 | question: In which literature is the earliest dated Greek lower-case text?, answer: Uspenski Gospels
Similar examples abound. Macedonian, although mutually intelligible with Bulgarian, certain dialects of Serbian and to a lesser extent the rest of the South Slavic dialect continuum, is considered by Bulgarian linguists to be a Bulgarian dialect, in contrast with the contemporary international view and the view in the Republic of Macedonia, which regards it as a language in its own right. Nevertheless, before the establishment of a literary standard of Macedonian in 1944, in most sources in and out of Bulgaria before the Second World War, the southern Slavonic dialect continuum covering the area of today's Republic of Macedonia were referred to as Bulgarian dialects.

question: Along with Serbian, with what language is Macedonian mutually intelligible?, answer: Bulgarian | question: What dialect continuum does Macedonian belong to?, answer: South Slavic | question: What do Bulgarian linguists regard the Macedonian language as?, answer: a Bulgarian dialect | question: In what year was a Macedonian literary standard established?, answer: 1944 | question: In what country is Macedonian most commonly spoken?, answer: Republic of Macedonia
Similar to the CD versus LP sound quality debates common in the audiophile community, some videophiles argue that LaserDisc maintains a "smoother", more "film-like", natural image while DVD still looks slightly more artificial. Early DVD demo discs often had compression or encoding problems, lending additional support to such claims at the time. However, the video signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth of LaserDisc are substantially less than that of DVDs, making DVDs appear sharper and clearer to most viewers.

question: Which format is considered to look most realistic, LaserDisc or DVD?, answer: LaserDisc | question: Which format, LaserDisc or DVD, is said to appear sharper and clearer to most viewers?, answer: DVDs | question: What features do LaserDiscs lack in, causing DVDs to appear sharper and clearer?, answer: video signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth
Similar to the problems of defining literature and film, no consensus has been reached on a definition of the comics medium, and attempted definitions and descriptions have fallen prey to numerous exceptions. Theorists such as Töpffer, R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner, David Carrier, Alain Rey, and Lawrence Grove emphasize the combination of text and images, though there are prominent examples of pantomime comics throughout its history. Other critics, such as Thierry Groensteen and Scott McCloud, have emphasized the primacy of sequences of images. Towards the close of the 20th century, different cultures' discoveries of each other's comics traditions, the rediscovery of forgotten early comics forms, and the rise of new forms made defining comics a more complicated task.

question: What has not been reached as far as defining comics is concerned?, answer: consensus | question: R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner and others are considered to be comic what?, answer: Theorists | question: What are there prominent examples of in comic history?, answer: pantomime comics | question: Comic critics, such as McCloud, stressed that sequences of what should be primary?, answer: images | question: What century had forgotten comic forms rediscovered?, answer: 20th
Similarities — in systems or even in ideas — that schools share internationally have led to an increase in international student exchanges. The European Socrates-Erasmus Program facilitates exchanges across European universities. The Soros Foundation provides many opportunities for students from central Asia and eastern Europe. Programs such as the International Baccalaureate have contributed to the internationalization of education. The global campus online, led by American universities, allows free access to class materials and lecture files recorded during the actual classes.

question: What has come from similarities in systems?, answer: increase in international student exchanges | question: Which programfacilitates the exchange students across Europe?, answer: The European Socrates-Erasmus Program | question: Which group provides opportunities for Eastern Europe and Asia exchange students?, answer: The Soros Foundation
Similarly, forensic anthropologists draw on highly heritable morphological features of human remains (e.g. cranial measurements) to aid in the identification of the body, including in terms of race. In a 1992 article, anthropologist Norman Sauer noted that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as a valid representation of human biological diversity, except for forensic anthropologists. He asked, "If races don't exist, why are forensic anthropologists so good at identifying them?" He concluded:

question: What morphological features do forensic anthropologists draw on?, answer: highly heritable | question: What measurement can aid in the identification of a human body?, answer: cranial | question: Who noted in a 1992 article that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as valid?, answer: Norman Sauer | question: What group still uses race as a valid means to represent human biological diversity?, answer: forensic anthropologists | question: What are forensic anthropologists very good at identifying?, answer: races
Similarly, in 1996, member countries of the European Union, per Directive 94/33/EC, agreed to a number of exceptions for young people in its child labour laws. Under these rules, children of various ages may work in cultural, artistic, sporting or advertising activities if authorised by the competent authority. Children above the age of 13 may perform light work for a limited number of hours per week in other economic activities as defined at the discretion of each country. Additionally, the European law exception allows children aged 14 years or over to work as part of a work/training scheme. The EU Directive clarified that these exceptions do not allow child labour where the children may experience harmful exposure to dangerous substances. Nonetheless, many children under the age of 13 do work, even in the most developed countries of the EU. For instance, a recent study showed over a third of Dutch twelve-year-old kids had a job, the most common being babysitting.

question: What happened in the European Union in 1996?, answer: agreed to a number of exceptions for young people in its child labour laws | question: What age were children allowed to do light labour?, answer: 13 | question: What age were children able to take part in European training programs?, answer: aged 14 years or over | question: What is the most common occupation for Dutch youth to have?, answer: babysitting
Similarly, in the United States, the independent National Research Council has noted that "sufficient domestic renewable resources exist to allow renewable electricity to play a significant role in future electricity generation and thus help confront issues related to climate change, energy security, and the escalation of energy costs … Renewable energy is an attractive option because renewable resources available in the United States, taken collectively, can supply significantly greater amounts of electricity than the total current or projected domestic demand." .

question: Why is renewable energy an attractive option?, answer: can supply significantly greater amounts of electricity than the total current or projected domestic demand | question: In what country is the National Research Council located?, answer: United States | question: Sufficient domestic reneewable resources exist for what reason?, answer: to allow renewable electricity to play a significant role in future electricity generation
Similarly, movies and television often revert to standard, clichéd snatches of classical music to convey refinement or opulence: some of the most-often heard pieces in this category include Bach´s Cello Suite No. 1, Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik, Vivaldi's Four Seasons, Mussorgsky's Night on Bald Mountain (as orchestrated by Rimsky-Korsakov), and Rossini's William Tell Overture.

question: What does classical music convey in movies and television?, answer: refinement or opulence | question: What piece by Vivaldi is used as a cliche to convey opulence?, answer: Four Seasons | question: What piece by Mozart is used as a cliche to convey refinement?, answer: Eine kleine Nachtmusik | question: Who wrote William Tell Overture?, answer: Rossini | question: Who wrote Night on Bald Mountain?, answer: Mussorgsky
Similarly, the federal constitutional initiative allows citizens to put a constitutional amendment to a national vote, if 100,000 voters sign the proposed amendment within 18 months.[note 8] Parliament can supplement the proposed amendment with a counter-proposal, and then voters must indicate a preference on the ballot in case both proposals are accepted. Constitutional amendments, whether introduced by initiative or in Parliament, must be accepted by a double majority of the national popular vote and the cantonal popular votes.[note 9]

question: How many voters are needed to put a constitutional amendment to a national vote?, answer: 100,000 | question: How long do citizens have to collect enough votes for a national vote on a constitutional amendment?, answer: 18 months | question: What can Parliament supplement the amendment proposed by the citizens with?, answer: a counter-proposal | question: What must voters do on the ballot when Parliament adds a supplement?, answer: indicate a preference | question: How much of the national popular vote and the cantonal popular vote is needed to pass a constitutional amendment?, answer: a double majority
Simple stepper motor drivers entirely energize or entirely de-energize the field windings, leading the rotor to "cog" to a limited number of positions; more sophisticated drivers can proportionally control the power to the field windings, allowing the rotors to position between the cog points and thereby rotate extremely smoothly. This mode of operation is often called microstepping. Computer controlled stepper motors are one of the most versatile forms of positioning systems, particularly when part of a digital servo-controlled system.

question: What is a trait of a sophisticated stepper motor?, answer: proportionally control the power to the field windings | question: What does proportinal control of the field windings in a stepper motor achieve?, answer: rotate extremely smoothly | question: What is another name for smooth rotation?, answer: microstepping | question: With what other device are stepper motors most versatile?, answer: digital servo-controlled system
Simultaneous videoconferencing among three or more remote points is possible by means of a Multipoint Control Unit (MCU). This is a bridge that interconnects calls from several sources (in a similar way to the audio conference call). All parties call the MCU, or the MCU can also call the parties which are going to participate, in sequence. There are MCU bridges for IP and ISDN-based videoconferencing. There are MCUs which are pure software, and others which are a combination of hardware and software. An MCU is characterised according to the number of simultaneous calls it can handle, its ability to conduct transposing of data rates and protocols, and features such as Continuous Presence, in which multiple parties can be seen on-screen at once. MCUs can be stand-alone hardware devices, or they can be embedded into dedicated videoconferencing units.

question: What enables videoconferencing to connect three or more remote points?, answer: Multipoint Control Unit (MCU) | question: What is one type of MCU bridge?, answer: IP | question: In what way can an MCU be characterized?, answer: the number of simultaneous calls it can handle | question: What feature enables an MCU to allow for multiple parties to be seen on screen at the same time?, answer: Continuous Presence | question: Where can an MCU be embedded?, answer: dedicated videoconferencing units
Simultaneous with Israel's February raid, the Baghdad Pact was formed between some regional allies of the UK. Nasser considered the Baghdad Pact a threat to his efforts to eliminate British military influence in the Middle East, and a mechanism to undermine the Arab League and "perpetuate [Arab] subservience to Zionism and [Western] imperialism". Nasser felt that if he was to maintain Egypt's regional leadership position he needed to acquire modern weaponry to arm his military. When it became apparent to him that Western countries would not supply Egypt under acceptable financial and military terms, Nasser turned to the Eastern Bloc and concluded a US$320,000,000 armaments agreement with Czechoslovakia on 27 September. Through the Czechoslovakian arms deal, the balance of power between Egypt and Israel was more or less equalized and Nasser's role as the Arab leader defying the West was enhanced.

question: What agreement ran contrary to Nasser's efforts?, answer: Baghdad Pact | question: What did Nasser feel his military needed to oppose the West?, answer: modern weaponry | question: From what country did Nasser buy arms?, answer: Czechoslovakia | question: How much money did Nasser spend on weapons?, answer: US$320,000,000 | question: How did the military relationship between Egypt and Israel change?, answer: equalized
Since 1066, when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned, the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there. There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100. Two were of reigning monarchs (Henry I and Richard II), although, before 1919, there had been none for some 500 years.

question: Who were the first monarchs crowned at Westminster Abbey?, answer: Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror | question: Since when have coronations been held at Westminster Abbey?, answer: 1066 | question: How many royal weddings have occurred at the abbey?, answer: 16 | question: Which two reigning monarchs had weddings at the abbey?, answer: Henry I and Richard II | question: When did royal weddings begin at the church?, answer: 1100
Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in 1642. Twenty-two of the executions occurred after 1976, in seven states. Due to the slow process of appeals, it was highly unusual for a condemned person to be under 18 at the time of execution. The youngest person to be executed in the 20th century was George Stinney, who was electrocuted in South Carolina at the age of 14 on June 16, 1944. The last execution of a juvenile may have been Leonard Shockley, who died in the Maryland gas chamber on April 10, 1959, at the age of 17. No one has been under age 19 at time of execution since at least 1964. Since the reinstatement of the death penalty in 1976, 22 people have been executed for crimes committed under the age of 18. Twenty-one were 17 at the time of the crime. The last person to be executed for a crime committed as a juvenile was Scott Hain on April 3, 2003 in Oklahoma.

question: About how many American juveniles have been executed since 1642?, answer: 364 | question: In what year was Thomas Graunger executed?, answer: 1642 | question: Since 1976, how many Americans have been executed for crimes committed as juveniles?, answer: Twenty-two | question: How old was George Stinney when he was executed?, answer: 14 | question: What method was used to execute Leonard Shockley?, answer: gas chamber
Since 1718, transportation to the American colonies had been a penalty for various criminal offences in Britain, with approximately one thousand convicts transported per year across the Atlantic. Forced to find an alternative location after the loss of the 13 Colonies in 1783, the British government turned to the newly discovered lands of Australia. The western coast of Australia had been discovered for Europeans by the Dutch explorer Willem Jansz in 1606 and was later named New Holland by the Dutch East India Company, but there was no attempt to colonise it. In 1770 James Cook discovered the eastern coast of Australia while on a scientific voyage to the South Pacific Ocean, claimed the continent for Britain, and named it New South Wales. In 1778, Joseph Banks, Cook's botanist on the voyage, presented evidence to the government on the suitability of Botany Bay for the establishment of a penal settlement, and in 1787 the first shipment of convicts set sail, arriving in 1788. Britain continued to transport convicts to New South Wales until 1840. The Australian colonies became profitable exporters of wool and gold, mainly because of gold rushes in the colony of Victoria, making its capital Melbourne the richest city in the world and the largest city after London in the British Empire.

question: How many convicts per year had Britain been sending to the American colonies?, answer: one thousand | question: Where did Britain switch to sending their convicts after the loss of the American colonies?, answer: Australia | question: Who discovered Australia in 1606?, answer: Willem Jansz | question: What had the Dutch East India Company initially named Australia?, answer: New Holland | question: When did the first shipment of British convicts leave for Australia?, answer: 1787