lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Athanasius recounts being a student, as well as being educated by the Martyrs of the Great (tenth) and last persecution of Christianity by pagan Rome.[citation needed] This persecution was most severe in the East, particularly in Egypt and Palestine. Peter of Alexandria, the 17th archbishop of Alexandria, was martyred in 311 in the closing days of that persecution, and may have been one of those teachers. His successor as bishop of Alexandria, Alexander of Alexandria (312–328) was an Origenist as well as a documented mentor of Athanasius. According to Sozomen, Bishop Alexander "invited Athanasius to be his commensal and secretary. He had been well educated, and was versed in grammar and rhetoric, and had already, while still a young man, and before reaching the episcopate, given proof to those who dwelt with him of his wisdom and acumen". Athanasius's earliest work, Against the Heathen – On the Incarnation (written before 319), bears traces of Origenist Alexandrian thought (such as repeatedly quoting Plato and used a definition from Aristotle's Organon) but in an orthodox way. Athanasius was also familiar with the theories of various philosophical schools, and in particular with the developments of Neo-Platonism. Ultimately, Athanasius would modify the philosophical thought of the School of Alexandria away from the Origenist principles such as the "entirely allegorical interpretation of the text". Still, in later works, Athanasius quotes Homer more than once (Hist. Ar. 68, Orat. iv. 29). In his letter to Emperor Constantius, he presents a defense of himself bearing unmistakable traces of a study of Demosthenes de Corona.

question: Where was persecution of Christianity the worst?, answer: in the East | question: What famous Greek author did Athanasius quote?, answer: Homer | question: In what year was Peter of Alexandria martyred?, answer: in 311 | question: Who could have been one of Athanasius's teachers?, answer: Peter of Alexandria | question: What suggests that Athanasius was familiar with ancient Greek philosophers?, answer: quoting Plato
Athanasius's episcopate began on 9 May 328 as the Alexandrian Council elected Athanasius to succeed the aged Alexander. That council also denounced various heresies and schisms, many of which continued to preoccupy his 45-year-long episcopate (c. 8 June 328 – 2 May 373). Patriarch Athanasius spent over 17 years in five exiles ordered by four different Roman Emperors, not counting approximately six more incidents in which Athanasius fled Alexandria to escape people seeking to take his life. This gave rise to the expression "Athanasius contra mundum" or "Athanasius against the world". However, during his first years as bishop, Athanasius visited the churches of his territory, which at that time included all of Egypt and Libya. He established contacts with the hermits and monks of the desert, including Pachomius, which proved very valuable to him over the years. Shortly thereafter, Athanasius became occupied with the theological disputes against Arians within the Byzantine Empire that would occupy much of his life.

question: Who did Athanasius succeed?, answer: Alexander | question: How many exiles did he endure?, answer: five exiles | question: The churches of what countries were in his territory?, answer: Egypt and Libya | question: Was he united with the Arians in his beliefs?, answer: disputes against Arians
Athanasius's first problem lay with Meletius of Lycopolis and his followers, who had failed to abide by the First Council of Nicaea. That council also anathematized Arius. Accused of mistreating Arians and Meletians, Athanasius answered those charges at a gathering of bishops in Tyre, the First Synod of Tyre, in 335. There, Eusebius of Nicomedia and other supporters of Arius deposed Athanasius. On 6 November, both sides of the dispute met with Emperor Constantine I in Constantinople. At that meeting, the Arians claimed Athanasius would try to cut off essential Egyptian grain supplies to Constantinople. He was found guilty, and sent into exile to Augusta Treverorum in Gaul (now Trier in Germany).

question: Did the followers of Meletius obey the guidelines of Nicaea?, answer: failed to abide | question: What was Athanasius accused of planning against the Arians?, answer: cut off essential Egyptian grain | question: What was the verdict of the accusation?, answer: was found guilty | question: What was his punishment?, answer: anathematized | question: Who was he accused of harming?, answer: Arians and Meletians
Athens retained its position as the most prestigious seat of higher education, especially in the domains of philosophy and rhetoric, with considerable libraries and philosophical schools. Alexandria had the monumental Museum (i.e. research center) and Library of Alexandria which was estimated to have had 700,000 volumes. The city of Pergamon also had a large library and became a major center of book production. The island of Rhodes had a library and also boasted a famous finishing school for politics and diplomacy. Libraries were also present in Antioch, Pella, and Kos. Cicero was educated in Athens and Mark Antony in Rhodes. Antioch was founded as a metropolis and center of Greek learning which retained its status into the era of Christianity. Seleucia replaced Babylon as the metropolis of the lower Tigris.

question: Which city held the most prestigious seat of higher education?, answer: Athens | question: What library was estimated to have 700,000 volumes?, answer: Library of Alexandria | question: Which city became a major center of book production?, answer: Pergamon | question: What island has a famous finishing school for diplomacy and politics?, answer: Rhodes | question: What replaced Babylon as the metropolis of the lower Tigris?, answer: Seleucia
Atkins, a former member of Cybotron, released Model 500 "No UFOs" in 1985, which became a regional hit, followed by dozens of tracks on Transmat, Metroplex and Fragile. One of the most unusual was "Strings of Life" by Derrick May, a darker, more intellectual strain of house. "Techno-Scratch" was released by the Knights Of The Turntable in 1984 which had a similar techno sound to Cybotron. The manager of the Factory nightclub and co-owner of the Haçienda, Tony Wilson, also promoted acid house culture on his weekly TV show. The Midlands also embraced the late 1980s house scene with illegal parties and more legal dance clubs such as The Hummingbird.

question: atkins was a former member of what music group?, answer: Cybotron | question: what hit single did atkins release in 1985?, answer: "No UFOs" | question: what unusual single did derrick may release, featuring a darker strain of house?, answer: "Strings of Life" | question: what did knights of the turntable release in 1984?, answer: Techno-Scratch | question: who was the manager of the factory nightclub and co-owner of the hacienda?, answer: Tony Wilson
Atlantic City (sometimes referred to as "Monopoly City") has become well-known over the years for its portrayal in the U.S. version of the popular board game, Monopoly, in which properties on the board are named after locations in and near Atlantic City. While the original incarnation of the game did not feature Atlantic City, it was in Indianapolis that Ruth Hoskins learned the game, and took it back to Atlantic City. After she arrived, Hoskins made a new board with Atlantic City street names, and taught it to a group of local Quakers.

question: What is Atlantic City sometimes referred to?, answer: Monopoly City | question: The names of many properties near Atlantic City are used in which popular board game?, answer: Monopoly | question: Who learned the game of Monopoly and took it to Atlantic City?, answer: Ruth Hoskins | question: What location was originally featured in the Monopoly game?, answer: Indianapolis | question: Who did Ruth Hoskins teach the game of Monopoly to?, answer: a group of local Quakers
Atlantic City is considered as the "Gambling Capital of the East Coast," and currently has eight large casinos and several smaller ones. In 2011, New Jersey's casinos employed approximately 33,000 employees, had 28.5 million visitors, made $3.3 billion in gaming revenue, and paid $278 million in taxes. They are regulated by the New Jersey Casino Control Commission and the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement.

question: What is Atlantic City known for?, answer: Gambling Capital of the East Coast | question: How many large casinos are located in Atlantic City?, answer: eight | question: Approximately how many people did New Jersey casinos employ in 2011?, answer: 33,000 | question: Approximately how many people visited New Jersey's casinos in 2011?, answer: 28.5 million | question: What two entities regulate New Jersey's casino?, answer: New Jersey Casino Control Commission and the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement
Atlas, rather than innovate, took a proven route of following popular trends in television and movies—Westerns and war dramas prevailing for a time, drive-in movie monsters another time—and even other comic books, particularly the EC horror line. Atlas also published a plethora of children's and teen humor titles, including Dan DeCarlo's Homer the Happy Ghost (à la Casper the Friendly Ghost) and Homer Hooper (à la Archie Andrews). Atlas unsuccessfully attempted to revive superheroes from late 1953 to mid-1954, with the Human Torch (art by Syd Shores and Dick Ayers, variously), the Sub-Mariner (drawn and most stories written by Bill Everett), and Captain America (writer Stan Lee, artist John Romita Sr.). Atlas did not achieve any breakout hits and, according to Stan Lee, Atlas survived chiefly because it produced work quickly, cheaply, and at a passable quality.

question: Which writer and artist was behind the Sub-Mariner?, answer: Bill Everett | question: What was Marvel's major offshoot with Westerns, war stories, and monster comics called?, answer: Atlas | question: What was Dan DeCarlo's spooky but humorous comic aimed at kids called?, answer: Homer the Happy Ghost | question: DeCarlo also penned a knock-off of what teen comic superstar?, answer: Archie Andrews | question: What was the name of DeCarlo's main character in his humorous teen series?, answer: Homer Hooper
Attempts are frequently made to regulate emotion according to the conventions of the society and the situation based on many (sometimes conflicting) demands and expectations which originate from various entities. The emotion of anger is in many cultures discouraged in girls and women, while fear is discouraged in boys and men. Expectations attached to social roles, such as "acting as man" and not as a woman, and the accompanying "feeling rules" contribute to the differences in expression of certain emotions. Some cultures encourage or discourage happiness, sadness, or jealousy, and the free expression of the emotion of disgust is considered socially unacceptable in most cultures. Some social institutions are seen as based on certain emotion, such as love in the case of contemporary institution of marriage. In advertising, such as health campaigns and political messages, emotional appeals are commonly found. Recent examples include no-smoking health campaigns and political campaigns emphasizing the fear of terrorism.

question: What emotion do many cultures discourage in women?, answer: anger | question: Some cultures attempt to regulate what emotion in boys?, answer: fear | question: The open expression of what emotion is generally frowned upon in most cultures?, answer: disgust | question: What social institution is associated with the emotion of love?, answer: marriage | question: What emotion do political campaigns appeal to in regard to terrorism?, answer: fear
Attestations of Old Dutch sentences are extremely rare. The oldest one first recorded has been found in the Salic law. From this Frankish document written around 510 the oldest sentence has been identified as Dutch: Maltho thi afrio lito (I say to you, I free you, serf) used to free a serf. Another old fragment of Dutch is Visc flot aftar themo uuatare (A fish was swimming in the water). The oldest conserved larger Dutch text is the Utrecht baptismal vow (776-800) starting with Forsachistu diobolae [...] ec forsacho diabolae (Do you forsake the devil? [...] I forsake the devil). Probably the most famous sentence Hebban olla vogala nestas hagunnan, hinase hic enda tu, wat unbidan we nu (All birds have started making nests, except me and you, what are we waiting for), is dated around the year 1100, written by a Flemish monk in a convent in Rochester, England.

question: Are written records of Old Dutch rare or common?, answer: rare | question: What Frankish document contains the oldest recorded instance of Dutch?, answer: the Salic law | question: What creature is swimming in the Dutch phrase "Visc flot aftar themo uuatare"?, answer: fish | question: Where did the monk who wrote the most famous Old Dutch sentence live?, answer: Rochester, England | question: What historically significant Dutch document begins with the phrase "Forsachistu diobolae"?, answer: the Utrecht baptismal vow
Audio data compression, not to be confused with dynamic range compression, has the potential to reduce the transmission bandwidth and storage requirements of audio data. Audio compression algorithms are implemented in software as audio codecs. Lossy audio compression algorithms provide higher compression at the cost of fidelity and are used in numerous audio applications. These algorithms almost all rely on psychoacoustics to eliminate less audible or meaningful sounds, thereby reducing the space required to store or transmit them.

question: What has the potential to reduce the transmission bandwidth and storage requirements of audio data?, answer: Audio data compression | question: What is inserted in software as audio codecs?, answer: Audio compression algorithms | question: What compression algorithms provide higher compression at the cost of fidelity?, answer: Lossy
Augustus' religious reformations raised the funding and public profile of the Vestals. They were given high-status seating at games and theatres. The emperor Claudius appointed them as priestesses to the cult of the deified Livia, wife of Augustus. They seem to have retained their religious and social distinctions well into the 4th century, after political power within the Empire had shifted to the Christians. When the Christian emperor Gratian refused the office of pontifex maximus, he took steps toward the dissolution of the order. His successor Theodosius I extinguished Vesta's sacred fire and vacated her temple.

question: What group's status was improved by Augustus' religious reforms?, answer: Vestals | question: What advantage was there in being a Vestal at games?, answer: seating | question: For whose cult were the Vestals appointed as priestesses?, answer: Livia | question: Until what time did the Vestal retain their social distinctions?, answer: 4th century | question: Which emperor disbanded the Vestals?, answer: Theodosius I
Australia had been shocked by the speedy collapse of British Malaya and Fall of Singapore in which around 15,000 Australian soldiers became prisoners of war. Curtin predicted that the "battle for Australia" would now follow. The Japanese established a major base in the Australian Territory of New Guinea in early 1942. On 19 February, Darwin suffered a devastating air raid, the first time the Australian mainland had been attacked. Over the following 19 months, Australia was attacked from the air almost 100 times.

question: About how many Australians were taken prisoner after the fall of Singapore and British Malaya?, answer: 15,000 | question: In what year did Japan establish a base in New Guinea?, answer: 1942 | question: What date was the Australian mainland first attacked?, answer: 19 February | question: What mainland Australian city was attacked by the Japanese on February 19?, answer: Darwin | question: For how many months was Australia attacked from the air by Japan?, answer: 19
Australian citizens and residents from other parts of the nation now have automatic right of residence on the island after meeting these criteria (Immigration (Amendment No. 2) Act 2012). Australian citizens must carry either a passport or a Document of Identity to travel to Norfolk Island. Citizens of all other nations must carry a passport to travel to Norfolk Island even if arriving from other parts of Australia. Holders of Australian visas who travel to Norfolk Island have departed the Australian Migration Zone. Unless they hold a multiple-entry visa, the visa will have ceased; in which case they will require another visa to re-enter mainland Australia.

question: What automatic right do Australian citizens and residents have on Norfolk Island after meeting the criteria in Immigration (Amendment No. 2) Act 2012?, answer: automatic right of residence | question: What do citizens from other nations need in order to travel to Norfolk Island?, answer: a passport | question: What do Australian citizens need in order to travel to Norfolk Island?, answer: either a passport or a Document of Identity | question: When someone has an Australian visa and they want to travel to Norfolk Island, where must they depart?, answer: Australian Migration Zone | question: What will happen to travelers with an Australian visa who don't depart from the Australian Migration Zone?, answer: the visa will have ceased
Australian rules football and cricket are the most popular sports in Melbourne. It is considered the spiritual home of the two sports in Australia. The first official Test cricket match was played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in March 1877. The origins of Australian rules football can be traced to matches played next to the MCG in 1858. The Australian Football League is headquartered at Docklands Stadium. Nine of the League's teams are based in the Melbourne metropolitan area: Carlton, Collingwood, Essendon, Hawthorn, Melbourne, North Melbourne, Richmond, St Kilda, and Western Bulldogs. Up to five AFL matches are played each week in Melbourne, attracting an average 40,000 people per game. Additionally, the city annually hosts the AFL Grand Final.

question: What are the two most popular sports in Melbourne?, answer: Australian rules football and cricket | question: When was the first official Test cricket match played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground?, answer: March 1877 | question: Where is the Australian Football League headquartered?, answer: Docklands Stadium | question: How many of the Australian Football League's teams are based in the Melbourne metropolitan area?, answer: Nine | question: Up to how many AFL matches are played each week in Melbourne?, answer: five
Austria was not able to retake Silesia or make any significant territorial gain. However, it did prevent Prussia from invading parts of Saxony. More significantly, its military performance proved far better than during the War of the Austrian Succession and seemed to vindicate Maria Theresa's administrative and military reforms. Hence, Austria's prestige was restored in great part and the empire secured its position as a major player in the European system. Also, by promising to vote for Joseph II in the Imperial elections, Frederick II accepted the Habsburg preeminence in the Holy Roman Empire. The survival of Prussia as a first-rate power and the enhanced prestige of its king and its army, however, was potentially damaging in the long run to Austria's influence in Germany.

question: What happened to Austrian prestige due to the war?, answer: Austria's prestige was restored in great part | question: How would Prussia's outcome affect Austria in the long run?, answer: was potentially damaging in the long run to Austria's influence in Germany. | question: What area was preserved from Prussian invasion?, answer: it did prevent Prussia from invading parts of Saxony | question: Did Austria get Silesia back?, answer: Austria was not able to retake Silesia | question: Who did Frederick II promise to vote for in the imperial elections?, answer: by promising to vote for Joseph II in the Imperial elections
Austrian-born Adolf Hitler had a lifelong romantic fascination with the Alps and by the 1930s established a home in the Obersalzberg region outside of Berchtesgaden. His first visit to the area was in 1923 and he maintained a strong tie there until the end of his life. At the end of World War II the US Army occupied Obersalzberg, to prevent Hitler from retreating with the Wehrmacht into the mountains.

question: Where was Adolf Hitler born?, answer: Austrian | question: What did Adolf Hitler have a lifelong romantic fascination with?, answer: the Alps | question: Where did Adolf Hitler establish a home in the 1930s?, answer: the Obersalzberg region | question: When was Adolf Hitlers first visit to the Alps?, answer: 1923
Authors including William Whalen, Shawn Francis Peters and former Witnesses Barbara Grizzuti Harrison, Alan Rogerson and William Schnell have claimed the arrests and mob violence in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s were the consequence of what appeared to be a deliberate course of provocation of authorities and other religions by Jehovah’s Witnesses. Whalen, Harrison and Schnell have suggested Rutherford invited and cultivated opposition for publicity purposes in a bid to attract dispossessed members of society, and to convince members that persecution from the outside world was evidence of the truth of their struggle to serve God. Watch Tower Society literature of the period directed that Witnesses should "never seek a controversy" nor resist arrest, but also advised members not to co-operate with police officers or courts that ordered them to stop preaching, and to prefer jail rather than pay fines.

question: Who were Jehovah's Witnesses accused of intentionally provoking in the 1930s and 1940s?, answer: authorities and other religions | question: What authors have suggested Rutherford invited and cultivated opposition for the purpose of publicity?, answer: Whalen, Harrison and Schnell | question: What did Rutherford hope to convince members about the persecution from the outside world?, answer: evidence of the truth of their struggle | question: What did Watch Tower Society literature tell Jehovah's Witnesses they should never seek?, answer: controversy | question: What should a Jehovah's Witnesses prefer to paying fines?, answer: jail
Auto racing is also popular in the area. The Richmond International Raceway (RIR) has hosted NASCAR Sprint Cup races since 1953, as well as the Capital City 400 from 1962 − 1980. RIR also hosted IndyCar's Suntrust Indy Challenge from 2001 − 2009. Another track, Southside Speedway, has operated since 1959 and sits just southwest of Richmond in Chesterfield County. This .333-mile (0.536 km) oval short-track has become known as the "Toughest Track in the South" and "The Action Track", and features weekly stock car racing on Friday nights. Southside Speedway has acted as the breeding grounds for many past NASCAR legends including Richard Petty, Bobby Allison and Darrell Waltrip, and claims to be the home track of NASCAR superstar Denny Hamlin.

question: When did the RIR begin to host the Capital City 400?, answer: 1962 | question: When did the Suntrust Indy Challenge stop being run at RIR?, answer: 2009 | question: In what direction does one travel from Richmond to reach Southside Speedway?, answer: southwest | question: What is the shape of Southside Speedway?, answer: oval | question: Along with "The Action Track," what is a nickname of Southside Speedway?, answer: Toughest Track in the South