lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Peer groups are essential to social and general development. Communication with peers increases significantly during adolescence and peer relationships become more intense than in other stages and more influential to the teen, affecting both the decisions and choices being made. High quality friendships may enhance children's development regardless of the characteristics of those friends. As children begin to bond with various people and create friendships, it later helps them when they are adolescent and sets up the framework for adolescence and peer groups. Peer groups are especially important during adolescence, a period of development characterized by a dramatic increase in time spent with peers and a decrease in adult supervision. Adolescents also associate with friends of the opposite sex much more than in childhood and tend to identify with larger groups of peers based on shared characteristics. It is also common for adolescents to use friends as coping devices in different situations. A three-factor structure of dealing with friends including avoidance, mastery, and nonchalance has shown that adolescents use friends as coping devices with social stresses.

question: Does communication with peers increase or decrease during adolescence?, answer: increases | question: Do children or adolescents tend to associae with friends of the opposite sex more?, answer: Adolescents | question: How is adolescence defined socially?, answer: a period of development characterized by a dramatic increase in time spent with peers and a decrease in adult supervision
Penalties never result in a score for the offence. For example, a point-of-foul infraction committed by the defence in their end zone is not ruled a touchdown, but instead advances the ball to the one-yard line with an automatic first down. For a distance penalty, if the yardage is greater than half the distance to the goal line, then the ball is advanced half the distance to the goal line, though only up to the one-yard line (unlike American football, in Canadian football no scrimmage may start inside either one-yard line). If the original penalty yardage would have resulted in a first down or moving the ball past the goal line, a first down is awarded.

question: Where is the ball placed when a defensive penalty is committed in their own end zone?, answer: one-yard line | question: In which North American style of football is the line of scrimmage never inside the one-yard line?, answer: Canadian | question: A play that results in what outcome will never also be a scoring play?, answer: Penalties | question: How many penalty yards are awarded when the ball is nearer the goal line than the usual penalty yardage?, answer: half the distance to the goal line
Pennies and other small coins are sometimes ingested by dogs, resulting in the need for medical treatment to remove the foreign body. The zinc content of some coins can cause zinc toxicity, which is commonly fatal in dogs, where it causes a severe hemolytic anemia, and also liver or kidney damage; vomiting and diarrhea are possible symptoms. Zinc is highly toxic in parrots and poisoning can often be fatal. The consumption of fruit juices stored in galvanized cans has resulted in mass parrot poisonings with zinc.

question: What are dogs known to ingest?, answer: Pennies | question: What does the zinc coins ingested by dogs cause?, answer: zinc toxicity | question: In what animal is zinc toxic to the point of poisonous?, answer: parrots | question: What has been a cause of mass parrot poisonings attributed to zinc?, answer: juices stored in galvanized cans
Penny Marshall's 1990 film Awakenings, which was nominated for several Oscars, is based on neurologist Oliver Sacks' 1973 account of his psychiatric patients at Beth Abraham Hospital in the Bronx who were paralyzed by a form of encephalitis but briefly responded to the drug L-dopa. Robin Williams played the physician; Robert De Niro was one of the patients who emerged from a catatonic (frozen) state. The home of Williams' character was shot not far from Sacks' actual City Island residence. A 1973 Yorkshire Television documentary and "A Kind of Alaska", a 1985 play by Harold Pinter, were also based on Sacks' book.

question: When did "Awakenings" come out?, answer: 1990 | question: Whose real story is 'Awakenings' based on?, answer: Oliver Sacks | question: What is Sacks' career?, answer: neurologist | question: When was 'A Kind of Alaska' performed?, answer: 1985 | question: Who wrote 'A Kind of Alaska'?, answer: Harold Pinter
Pentecostalism eventually spawned hundreds of new denominations, including large groups such as the Assemblies of God and the Church of God in Christ, both in the United States and elsewhere. There are over 279 million Pentecostals worldwide, and the movement is growing in many parts of the world, especially the global South. Since the 1960s, Pentecostalism has increasingly gained acceptance from other Christian traditions, and Pentecostal beliefs concerning Spirit baptism and spiritual gifts have been embraced by non-Pentecostal Christians in Protestant and Catholic churches through the Charismatic Movement. Together, Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity numbers over 500 million adherents.

question: How many denominations were spawned by Pentecostalism?, answer: hundreds | question: How many Pentecostals are there in the world?, answer: over 279 million | question: What movement has caused non-Pentecostal churches to accept some Pentecostal beliefs?, answer: Charismatic | question: Who can claim over 500 million members?, answer: Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity | question: Where is Pentecostalism currently growing the most?, answer: the global South
People can be exposed to asphalt in the workplace by breathing in fumes or skin absorption. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a Recommended exposure limit (REL) of 5 mg/m3 over a 15-minute period. Asphalt is basically an inert material that must be heated or diluted to a point where it becomes workable for the production of materials for paving, roofing, and other applications. In examining the potential health hazards associated with asphalt, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) determined that it is the application parameters, predominantly temperature, that effect occupational exposure and the potential bioavailable carcinogenic hazard/risk of the asphalt emissions. In particular, temperatures greater than 199 °C (390 °F), were shown to produce a greater exposure risk than when asphalt was heated to lower temperatures, such as those typically used in asphalt pavement mix production and placement.

question: By what means can humans be exposed to bitumen?, answer: fumes or skin | question: What is the nationally set limit for exposure of asphalt in a 15 minute period?, answer: 5 mg/m3 | question: How must asphalt be treated to be workable?, answer: heated or diluted | question: At what temperatures is heated asphalt seen to be a greater health risk?, answer: greater than 199 °C | question: What feature in the treatment of asphalt in the workplace causes the most potential danger?, answer: temperature
People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time.

question: What has been the primary purpose of wood for millennia other than fuel?, answer: construction material | question: What is often made of wood that provides shelter to people?, answer: houses | question: For clues about the climate of a place, we can look at variation in isotopic abundances or what other thing?, answer: tree-ring widths | question: What could be made out of wood that could be used to fight off attackers?, answer: weapons | question: What category of items often constructed from wood does a chair belong to?, answer: furniture
People lived on the edge of the desert thousands of years ago since the last ice age. The Sahara was then a much wetter place than it is today. Over 30,000 petroglyphs of river animals such as crocodiles survive, with half found in the Tassili n'Ajjer in southeast Algeria. Fossils of dinosaurs, including Afrovenator, Jobaria and Ouranosaurus, have also been found here. The modern Sahara, though, is not lush in vegetation, except in the Nile Valley, at a few oases, and in the northern highlands, where Mediterranean plants such as the olive tree are found to grow. It was long believed that the region had been this way since about 1600 BCE, after shifts in the Earth's axis increased temperatures and decreased precipitation. However, this theory has recently been called into dispute, when samples taken from several 7 million year old sand deposits led scientists to reconsider the timeline for desertification.

question: When did people start living on the edge of the desert?, answer: ice age | question: How many river animals were thought to be found during the ice age era?, answer: Over 30,000 petroglyphs | question: What area of the Sahara is full of vegetation?, answer: the Nile Valley | question: What is believed to have increased temperatures in the Sahara?, answer: shifts in the Earth's axis
People of Ashkenazi descent constitute around 47.5% of Israeli Jews (and therefore 35–36% of Israelis). They have played a prominent role in the economy, media, and politics of Israel since its founding. During the first decades of Israel as a state, strong cultural conflict occurred between Sephardic and Ashkenazi Jews (mainly east European Ashkenazim). The roots of this conflict, which still exists to a much smaller extent in present-day Israeli society, are chiefly attributed to the concept of the "melting pot". That is to say, all Jewish immigrants who arrived in Israel were strongly encouraged to "melt down" their own particular exilic identities within the general social "pot" in order to become Israeli.

question: What percentage of Israeli Jews are people of Ashkenazi descent?, answer: 47.5% | question: When Israel was in its infancy as a state, there were cultural conflicts between which two groups?, answer: Sephardic and Ashkenazi Jews | question: What was the conflict between Sephardic and Ashkenazi Jews attributed to?, answer: the concept of the "melting pot" | question: What percentage of all Israelis are thought to be of Ashkenazi descent?, answer: 35–36% | question: When Israel was in its infancy as a state, the Ashkenazi Jews involved in conflicts with Sephardic Jews were mainly what type of Jews?, answer: east European Ashkenazim
People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people.

question: How many German Americans are there?, answer: 50 million | question: How many Germans live in Brazil?, answer: 5 million | question: How many people in the world have German heritage?, answer: 100 million | question: America is home to what percentage of German decedent people?, answer: one third
People of Irish descent form the largest single ethnic group in the city, making up 15.8% of the population, followed by Italians, accounting for 8.3% of the population. People of West Indian and Caribbean ancestry are another sizable group, at 6.0%, about half of whom are of Haitian ancestry. Over 27,000 Chinese Americans made their home in Boston city proper in 2013, and the city hosts a growing Chinatown accommodating heavily traveled Chinese-owned bus lines to and from Chinatown, Manhattan. Some neighborhoods, such as Dorchester, have received an influx of people of Vietnamese ancestry in recent decades. Neighborhoods such as Jamaica Plain and Roslindale have experienced a growing number of Dominican Americans. The city and greater area also has a growing immigrant population of South Asians, including the tenth-largest Indian community in the country.

question: What people form the largest ethnic group in the city?, answer: People of Irish descent | question: What percentage of the city's population is Irish?, answer: 15.8% | question: What is the second largest ethnic group in the city?, answer: Italians | question: What percentage of the citys population is italian?, answer: 8.3% | question: How many Chinese Americans lived in Boston City proper in 2013?, answer: Over 27,000
People of all ages and social statuses were depicted in the art of the Hellenistic age. Artists such as Peiraikos chose mundane and lower class subjects for his paintings. According to Pliny, "He painted barbers' shops, cobblers' stalls, asses, eatables and similar subjects, earning for himself the name of rhyparographos [painter of dirt/low things]. In these subjects he could give consummate pleasure, selling them for more than other artists received for their large pictures" (Natural History, Book XXXV.112). Even barbarians, such as the Galatians, were depicted in heroic form, prefiguring the artistic theme of the noble savage. The image of Alexander the Great was also an important artistic theme, and all of the diadochi had themselves depicted imitating Alexander's youthful look. A number of the best-known works of Greek sculpture belong to the Hellenistic period, including Laocoön and his Sons, Venus de Milo, and the Winged Victory of Samothrace.

question: Which artist chose mundane and low class subjects?, answer: Peiraikos | question: Which barbarians were depicted in heroic form?, answer: Galatians | question: All of the diadochi painted themselves to look like what leader?, answer: Alexander the Great | question: Venus de Milo belongs to which period?, answer: Hellenistic
People of all ages attend, and many often move on to becoming imams.[citation needed] The certificate of an ʻālim, for example, requires approximately twelve years of study.[citation needed] A good number of the ḥuffāẓ (plural of ḥāfiẓ) are the product of the madaris. The madaris also resemble colleges, where people take evening classes and reside in dormitories. An important function of the madaris is to admit orphans and poor children in order to provide them with education and training. Madaris may enroll female students; however, they study separately from the men.[citation needed]

question: What age groups are usually enrolled in madaris?, answer: all ages | question: How long does someone have to be enrolled in alim courses to earn a certificate or graduate?, answer: approximately twelve years | question: In what ways are madaris similar to western colleges?, answer: people take evening classes and reside in dormitories | question: Why do madaris extend enrollment to children of less fortunate circumstances?, answer: provide them with education and training | question: What is the format for co-education for women in madaris?, answer: they study separately from the men
People with long-term pain frequently display psychological disturbance, with elevated scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales of hysteria, depression and hypochondriasis (the "neurotic triad"). Some investigators have argued that it is this neuroticism that causes acute pain to turn chronic, but clinical evidence points the other way, to chronic pain causing neuroticism. When long-term pain is relieved by therapeutic intervention, scores on the neurotic triad and anxiety fall, often to normal levels. Self-esteem, often low in chronic pain patients, also shows improvement once pain has resolved.

question: What triad are the inventory scales of hysteria, depression and hypochondriasis classified as?, answer: neurotic | question: When people have long-term pain, what do they frequently display?, answer: psychological disturbance | question: Clinical evidence indicates that neuroticism is caused by what?, answer: chronic pain | question: If long-term pain can be relieved by therapy, what does a person's neurotic triad score do?, answer: fall | question: What shows improvement in many patients once their pain has been resolved?, answer: Self-esteem
People with prolonged, frequent, or close contact with people with TB are at particularly high risk of becoming infected, with an estimated 22% infection rate. A person with active but untreated tuberculosis may infect 10–15 (or more) other people per year. Transmission should occur from only people with active TB – those with latent infection are not thought to be contagious. The probability of transmission from one person to another depends upon several factors, including the number of infectious droplets expelled by the carrier, the effectiveness of ventilation, the duration of exposure, the virulence of the M. tuberculosis strain, the level of immunity in the uninfected person, and others. The cascade of person-to-person spread can be circumvented by segregating those with active ("overt") TB and putting them on anti-TB drug regimens. After about two weeks of effective treatment, subjects with nonresistant active infections generally do not remain contagious to others. If someone does become infected, it typically takes three to four weeks before the newly infected person becomes infectious enough to transmit the disease to others.

question: If you're around someone with active TB, what's the chance you'll contract it expressed as a percentage?, answer: 22% | question: Left untreated, about how many people could contract tuberculosis from an active TB patient in a year?, answer: 10–15 | question: About how long will a TB patient receiving effective treatment stay contagious?, answer: two weeks | question: If you contracted tuberculosis today, what's the estimated gestation period before you could spread the infection to others?, answer: three to four weeks | question: What term is interchangeable with "active" when talking about tuberculosis infection?, answer: overt
Perceived quality can be influenced by listening environment (ambient noise), listener attention, and listener training and in most cases by listener audio equipment (such as sound cards, speakers and headphones).

question: A listening environment is also know by which term?, answer: ambient noise | question: Other than speakers and headphones, what other piece of equipment affects the listener's perceived quality?, answer: sound cards | question: Listening environment, listener attention, listener training and listener audio equipment can all affect what kind of quality?, answer: Perceived quality
Perceived sexual orientation may affect how a person is treated. For instance, in the United States, the FBI reported that 15.6% of hate crimes reported to police in 2004 were "because of a sexual-orientation bias". Under the UK Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003, as explained by Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service, "workers or job applicants must not be treated less favourably because of their sexual orientation, their perceived sexual orientation or because they associate with someone of a particular sexual orientation".

question: What can affect how a person is treated?, answer: Perceived sexual orientation | question: What percent of hate crimes did the FBI relate to sexual orientation bias?, answer: 15.6% | question: When was the UK emloyment eequality (sexual orientation) regulations law take effect?, answer: 2003, | question: Under this law what does this state that is required by employers?, answer: workers or job applicants must not be treated less favourably because of their sexual orientation
Performance of classical music repertoire requires a proficiency in sight-reading and ensemble playing, harmonic principles, strong ear training (to correct and adjust pitches by ear), knowledge of performance practice (e.g., Baroque ornamentation), and a familiarity with the style/musical idiom expected for a given composer or musical work (e.g., a Brahms symphony or a Mozart concerto).

question: Performance of classical music requires proficiency in what type of reading?, answer: sight-reading | question: Performance of classical music requires proficiency in what type of principles?, answer: harmonic | question: Familiarty with the style expected for any given composer is required for what kind of performance?, answer: classical music
Performers who have studied classical music extensively are said to be "classically trained". This training may be from private lessons from instrument or voice teachers or from completion of a formal program offered by a Conservatory, college or university, such as a B.mus. or M.mus. degree (which includes individual lessons from professors). In classical music, "...extensive formal music education and training, often to postgraduate [Master's degree] level" is required.

question: What have classical trained performers done extensively?, answer: studied classical music | question: What does a B.mus. or M.mus. degree include?, answer: individual lessons from professors | question: To what level is training for classical music often required?, answer: postgraduate
Perhaps due to the many modern negative connotations associated with the term heretic, such as the Spanish inquisition, the term is used less often today. The subject of Christian heresy opens up broader questions as to who has a monopoly on spiritual truth, as explored by Jorge Luis Borges in the short story "The Theologians" within the compilation Labyrinths.

question: What event is stated as a reason why the word heretic is used less often in modern times?, answer: Spanish inquisition | question: Who was the author of the short story "The Theologians"?, answer: Jorge Luis Borges | question: What subject does the question of who has a monopoly on spiritual truth regard?, answer: Christian heresy
Perhaps the biggest sustainability problem in Tucson, with its high desert climate, is potable water supply. The state manages all water in Arizona through its Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR). The primary consumer of water is Agriculture (including golf courses), which consumes about 69% of all water. Municipal (which includes residential use) accounts for about 25% of use. Energy consumption and availability is another sustainability issue. However, with over 300 days of full sun a year, Tucson has demonstrated its potential to be an ideal solar energy producer.

question: How is most of Tucson's water used?, answer: Agriculture (including golf courses) | question: How much of Tucson's water is used on agriculture?, answer: 69% | question: How much of Tucson's water is used on residential/city use?, answer: 25% | question: How many days of full sun does Tucson get each year?, answer: over 300 | question: What agency manages Tucson's water?, answer: Arizona Department of Water Resources