lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In humans and many other mammals, new neurons are created mainly before birth, and the infant brain contains substantially more neurons than the adult brain. There are, however, a few areas where new neurons continue to be generated throughout life. The two areas for which adult neurogenesis is well established are the olfactory bulb, which is involved in the sense of smell, and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, where there is evidence that the new neurons play a role in storing newly acquired memories. With these exceptions, however, the set of neurons that is present in early childhood is the set that is present for life. Glial cells are different: as with most types of cells in the body, they are generated throughout the lifespan.

question: The infant brain contains more of what type of cells in the brain than the adult brain?, answer: neurons | question: The olfactory bulb is related to what sense?, answer: sense of smell | question: What area of the hippocampus plays a role in storing new memories?, answer: dentate gyrus of the hippocampus | question: Which type of cells in the brain are generated throughout your lifetime?, answer: Glial cells | question: Neurogenesis is the process of what?, answer: neurons continue to be generated throughout life
In hydraulic elevator systems, emergency power will lower the elevators to the lowest landing and open the doors to allow passengers to exit. The doors then close after an adjustable time period and the car remains unusable until reset, usually by cycling the elevator main power switch. Typically, due to the high current draw when starting the pump motor, hydraulic elevators are not run using standard emergency power systems. Buildings like hospitals and nursing homes usually size their emergency generators to accommodate this draw. However, the increasing use of current-limiting motor starters, commonly known as "soft-start" contactors, avoid much of this problem, and the current draw of the pump motor is less of a limiting concern.

question: How do hydraulic elevators work in emergencies?, answer: emergency power will lower the elevators to the lowest landing and open the doors to allow passengers to exit | question: Once the passengers have exited, what happens?, answer: The doors then close after an adjustable time period and the car remains unusable until reset, usually by cycling the elevator main power switch | question: For what reason are hydraulic elevators not powered by the standard emergency system?, answer: due to the high current draw when starting the pump motor | question: What are current-limiting motor starters referred to as?, answer: "soft-start" contactors
In infrared photography, infrared filters are used to capture the near-infrared spectrum. Digital cameras often use infrared blockers. Cheaper digital cameras and camera phones have less effective filters and can "see" intense near-infrared, appearing as a bright purple-white color. This is especially pronounced when taking pictures of subjects near IR-bright areas (such as near a lamp), where the resulting infrared interference can wash out the image. There is also a technique called 'T-ray' imaging, which is imaging using far-infrared or terahertz radiation. Lack of bright sources can make terahertz photography more challenging than most other infrared imaging techniques. Recently T-ray imaging has been of considerable interest due to a number of new developments such as terahertz time-domain spectroscopy.

question: What is used in infrared photography to capture the near-infrared spectrum?, answer: infrared filters | question: What devices are often equipped with infrared blockers?, answer: Digital cameras | question: What is the technique that involves imaging with terahertz radiation?, answer: 'T-ray' imaging | question: What is another name for terahertz radiation?, answer: far-infrared | question: What is a notable recent development in T-ray imaging?, answer: terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
In inorganic chemistry, hydrides can also serve as bridging ligands that link two metal centers in a coordination complex. This function is particularly common in group 13 elements, especially in boranes (boron hydrides) and aluminium complexes, as well as in clustered carboranes.

question: What chemistry do hydrides serve as bridging ligands?, answer: inorganic chemistry | question: What do hydrides that are bridging ligands link up?, answer: link two metal centers | question: What group is briging ligands most common in?, answer: group 13
In intelligent mammals, such as primates, the cerebrum is larger relative to the rest of the brain. Intelligence itself is not easy to define, but indications of intelligence include the ability to learn, matched with behavioral flexibility. Rats, for example, are considered to be highly intelligent, as they can learn and perform new tasks, an ability that may be important when they first colonize a fresh habitat. In some mammals, food gathering appears to be related to intelligence: a deer feeding on plants has a brain smaller than a cat, which must think to outwit its prey.

question: Which part is larger relative to the brain in primates?, answer: cerebrum | question: Which non-primate has the ability to learn and perform new task?, answer: Rats | question: Mammals with smaller brains tend to be in what class in the food chain?, answer: prey
In international law and international relations, a protocol is generally a treaty or international agreement that supplements a previous treaty or international agreement. A protocol can amend the previous treaty, or add additional provisions. Parties to the earlier agreement are not required to adopt the protocol. Sometimes this is made clearer by calling it an "optional protocol", especially where many parties to the first agreement do not support the protocol.

question: What is a treaty that supplements a previous treaty in international law?, answer: a protocol | question: A protocol may either amend a previous treaty or do what?, answer: add additional provisions | question: Do parties to a treaty have an obligation to adopt a later protocol?, answer: not required | question: What do we sometimes call an agreement that supplements a treaty especially when few parties to the treaty support the protocol?, answer: an "optional protocol" | question: A protocol may add additional provisions to a treaty or else do what?, answer: amend the previous treaty
In its 2011 report, conducted in partnership with IDC and Ipsos Public Affairs, the BSA stated: "Over half of the world's personal computer users – 57 percent – admit to pirating software." The ninth annual "BSA Global Software Piracy Study" claims that the "commercial value of this shadow market of pirated software" was worth US$63.4 billion in 2011, with the highest commercial value of pirated PC software existent in the U.S. during that time period (US$9,773,000). According to the 2011 study, Zimbabwe was the nation with the highest piracy rate, at 92%, while the lowest piracy rate was present in the U.S., at 19%.

question: Who else did the BSA issues a report in 2011 with?, answer: IDC and Ipsos Public Affairs | question: What percentage of people admit to pirating software?, answer: 57 percent | question: What was the commercial value of pirated software in 2011?, answer: US$63.4 billion | question: What nation had the higest piracy rate?, answer: Zimbabwe | question: What was the U.S.'s piracy rate?, answer: 19%
In its 2014 Press Freedom Index, Reporters Without Borders ranked the media environment in Eritrea at the very bottom of a list of 178 countries, just below totalitarian North Korea. According to the BBC, "Eritrea is the only African country to have no privately owned news media", and Reporters Without Borders said of the public media, "[they] do nothing but relay the regime's belligerent and ultra-nationalist discourse. ... Not a single [foreign correspondent] now lives in Asmara." The state-owned news agency censors news about external events. Independent media have been banned since 2001. In 2015, The Guardian published an opinion piece claiming,

question: In the 2014 Press Freedom Index, what organization ranked the media environment in Eritrea as the worse of 178 countries?, answer: Reporters Without Borders | question: How did Reporters Without Borders rank the media environment of Eritrea compared to totalitarian North Korea?, answer: just below | question: What type of media has been banned from Eritrea since 2001?, answer: Independent | question: According to the BBC, which African country is the only one that has no privately owned news media?, answer: Eritrea | question: According to Reporters Without Borders, where doesn't a single foreign news correspondent live?, answer: Asmara
In its Basic Laws, Israel defines itself as a Jewish and democratic state. Israel is a representative democracy with a parliamentary system, proportional representation and universal suffrage. The prime minister serves as head of government and the Knesset serves as the legislature. Israel is a developed country and an OECD member, with the 35th-largest economy in the world by nominal gross domestic product as of 2015[update]. The country benefits from a highly skilled workforce and is among the most educated countries in the world with the one of the highest percentage of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree. The country has the highest standard of living in the Middle East and the fourth highest in Asia, and has one of the highest life expectancies in the world.

question: Israel defines itself as what?, answer: Jewish and democratic state | question: Where is Israel's economy ranked?, answer: 35th | question: Where is Israel's standard of living ranked in Asia?, answer: fourth
In its early years Universal released three brands of feature films — Red Feather, low-budget programmers; Bluebird, more ambitious productions; and Jewel, their prestige motion pictures. Directors included Jack Conway, John Ford, Rex Ingram, Robert Z. Leonard, George Marshall and Lois Weber, one of the few women directing films in Hollywood.:13

question: What sort of films were produced by Red Feather?, answer: low-budget programmers | question: What type of movies came out of Bluebird?, answer: more ambitious productions | question: What motion pictures were made by Jewel?, answer: prestige motion pictures | question: What was the profession of George Marshall?, answer: Directors | question: Who was one of the few female Hollywood directors in this era?, answer: Lois Weber
In its early years of existence, the smooth jazz format was considered to be a form of AC, although it was mainly instrumental, and related a stronger resemblance to the soft AC-styled music. For many years, artists like George Benson, Kenny G and Dave Koz had crossover hits that were played on both smooth jazz and soft AC stations.

question: What radio station format was sometimes regarded as a type of adult contemporary?, answer: smooth jazz | question: What type of music was predominantly played on smooth jazz stations?, answer: instrumental | question: Along with Kenny G and Dave Koz, what artist was featured on smooth jazz stations?, answer: George Benson | question: What other format of station were smooth jazz artists sometimes featured on?, answer: soft AC
In its first century and half, the EIC used a few hundred soldiers as guards. The great expansion came after 1750, when it had 3000 regular troops. By 1763, it had 26,000; by 1778, it had 67,000. It recruited largely Indian troops, and trained them along European lines. The company, fresh from a colossal victory, and with the backing of its own private well-disciplined and experienced army, was able to assert its interests in the Carnatic region from its base at Madras and in Bengal from Calcutta, without facing any further obstacles from other colonial powers.

question: what is the acronym for the East india company?, answer: EIC | question: In 1750 how many regular troops did the EIC have?, answer: 3000 | question: in 1778 most of the troops that the EIC had were from where?, answer: Indian | question: what year did the EIC have 26,000 troops in their employ, answer: 1763
In its long history, Valencia has acquired many local traditions and festivals, among them the Falles, which were declared Celebrations of International Touristic Interest (Fiestas de Interés Turístico Internacional) on 25 January 1965, and the Water Tribunal of Valencia (Tribunal de las Aguas de Valencia), which was declared an intangible cultural heritage of humanity (Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad) in 2009. In addition to these Valencia has hosted world-class events that helped shape the city's reputation and put it in the international spotlight, e.g., the Regional Exhibition of 1909, the 32nd and the 33rd America's Cup competitions, the European Grand Prix of Formula One auto racing, the Valencia Open 500 tennis tournament, and the Global Champions Tour of equestrian sports.

question: Which America's Cup competitions did Valencia host?, answer: the 32nd and the 33rd | question: What equestrian event has Valencia hosted?, answer: Global Champions Tour | question: What tennis event has Valencia hosted?, answer: Valencia Open 500 tennis tournament | question: When was the Water Tribunal declared a cultural heritage of humanity?, answer: 2009 | question: What Valencian festivals were declared Celebrations of International Touristic Interest?, answer: Falles
In its metaphysics, Nyāya school is closer to the Vaiśeṣika school than others. It holds that human suffering results from mistakes/defects produced by activity under wrong knowledge (notions and ignorance). Moksha (liberation), it states, is gained through right knowledge. This premise led Nyāya to concern itself with epistemology, that is the reliable means to gain correct knowledge and to remove wrong notions. False knowledge is not merely ignorance to Naiyayikas, it includes delusion. Correct knowledge is discovering and overcoming one's delusions, and understanding true nature of soul, self and reality. The Nyāya Sūtras begin:

question: What school of thought is closest to Vaisesika school?, answer: Nyāya | question: What does Nyaya say causes human suffering?, answer: mistakes/defects | question: What state is achieved through knowledge?, answer: Moksha | question: What is moksha in Hindu philosophy?, answer: liberation | question: Besides ignorance, what does false knowledge include in Nyaya?, answer: delusion
In its turn, under anaerobic conditions, the ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH) 2 ) can be oxidized by the protons of water to form magnetite and molecular hydrogen. This process is described by the Schikorr reaction:

question: Under what condition can ferrous hydroxide be oxidized?, answer: anaerobic | question: What does this process form?, answer: magnetite and molecular hydrogen | question: What reaction describes this process?, answer: Schikorr reaction
In jurisdictions using a common law system, the doctrine of stare decisis applies, whereby the principles applied by the supreme court in its decisions are binding upon all lower courts; this is intended to apply a uniform interpretation and implementation of the law. In civil law jurisdictions the doctrine of stare decisis is not generally considered to apply, so the decisions of the supreme court are not necessarily binding beyond the immediate case before it; however, in practice the decisions of the supreme court usually provide a very strong precedent, or jurisprudence constante, for both itself and all lower courts.

question: What term describes a system where the supreme court's decisions are binding over the lower courts?, answer: stare decisis | question: What jurisdictions does this system not apply to?, answer: civil law jurisdictions | question: In a civil law jurisdiction, rulings by a supreme court are only binding for which decisions?, answer: the immediate case before it | question: Even in civil law jurisdictions, decisions by supreme courts establish what?, answer: a very strong precedent | question: What is the legal term for the precedence established by multiple court rulings?, answer: jurisprudence constante
In late 1203, John attempted to relieve Château Gaillard, which although besieged by Philip was guarding the eastern flank of Normandy. John attempted a synchronised operation involving land-based and water-borne forces, considered by most historians today to have been imaginative in conception, but overly complex for forces of the period to have carried out successfully. John's relief operation was blocked by Philip's forces, and John turned back to Brittany in an attempt to draw Philip away from eastern Normandy. John successfully devastated much of Brittany, but did not deflect Philip's main thrust into the east of Normandy. Opinions vary amongst historians as to the military skill shown by John during this campaign, with most recent historians arguing that his performance was passable, although not impressive.[nb 8] John's situation began to deteriorate rapidly. The eastern border region of Normandy had been extensively cultivated by Philip and his predecessors for several years, whilst Angevin authority in the south had been undermined by Richard's giving away of various key castles some years before. His use of routier mercenaries in the central regions had rapidly eaten away his remaining support in this area too, which set the stage for a sudden collapse of Angevin power.[nb 9] John retreated back across the Channel in December, sending orders for the establishment of a fresh defensive line to the west of Chateau Gaillard. In March 1204, Gaillard fell. John's mother Eleanor died the following month. This was not just a personal blow for John, but threatened to unravel the widespread Angevin alliances across the far south of France. Philip moved south around the new defensive line and struck upwards at the heart of the Duchy, now facing little resistance. By August, Philip had taken Normandy and advanced south to occupy Anjou and Poitou as well. John's only remaining possession on the Continent was now the Duchy of Aquitaine.

question: What did John attempt to relieve in late 1203?, answer: Château Gaillard | question: Who blocked John's relief operation?, answer: Philip's forces | question: When did Gaillard fall?, answer: March 1204 | question: What was John's only remaining possession on the Continent?, answer: Duchy of Aquitaine
In late 1952 Eisenhower went to Korea and discovered a military and political stalemate. Once in office, when the Chinese began a buildup in the Kaesong sanctuary, he threatened to use nuclear force if an armistice was not concluded. His earlier military reputation in Europe was effective with the Chinese. The National Security Council, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Strategic Air Command (SAC) devised detailed plans for nuclear war against China. With the death of Stalin in early March 1953, Russian support for a Chinese hard-line weakened and China decided to compromise on the prisoner issue.

question: Where did the Chinese begin to increase forces after Eisenhower entered the White House?, answer: Kaesong sanctuary | question: What did Eisenhower threaten to do if there was no armistice in Korea?, answer: use nuclear force | question: Along with the Joint Chiefs and SAC, what body was involved with formulating plans for nuclear war with China?, answer: National Security Council | question: What event led to decreased Russian support for China?, answer: death of Stalin | question: What was SAC an abbreviation of?, answer: Strategic Air Command
In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military campaign. In February 1955, Eisenhower dispatched the first American soldiers to Vietnam as military advisors to Diem's army. After Diem announced the formation of the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, commonly known as South Vietnam) in October, Eisenhower immediately recognized the new state and offered military, economic, and technical assistance.

question: What was South Vietnam called in 1955?, answer: Free Vietnam | question: Who was the first ambassador to South Vietnam?, answer: J. Lawton Collins | question: When did Eisenhower first send military advisers to South Vietnam?, answer: February 1955 | question: Who was the leader of South Vietnam in 1954?, answer: Ngo Dinh Diem | question: Along with Free Vietnam, what was another term for South Vietnam?, answer: Republic of Vietnam
In late 1975, Queen recorded and released A Night at the Opera, taking its name from the popular Marx Brothers movie. At the time, it was the most expensive album ever produced. Like its predecessor, the album features diverse musical styles and experimentation with stereo sound. In "The Prophet's Song", an eight-minute epic, the middle section is a canon, with simple phrases layered to create a full-choral sound. The Mercury penned ballad, "Love of My Life", featured a harp and overdubbed vocal harmonies. The album was very successful in Britain, and went triple platinum in the United States. The British public voted it the 13th greatest album of all time in a 2004 Channel 4 poll. It has also ranked highly in international polls; in a worldwide Guinness poll, it was voted the 19th greatest of all time, while an ABC poll saw the Australian public vote it the 28th greatest of all time. A Night at the Opera has frequently appeared in "greatest albums" lists reflecting the opinions of critics. Among other accolades, it was ranked number 16 in Q Magazine's "The 50 Best British Albums Ever" in 2004, and number 11 in Rolling Stone's "The 100 Greatest Albums of All Time" as featured in their Mexican edition in 2004. It was also placed at No. 230 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time" in 2003. A Night at the Opera is the third and final Queen album to be featured in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

question: Which Queen album was released in 1975?, answer: A Night at the Opera | question: Queen's 1975 album took it's name from a movie from which comedy act?, answer: Marx Brothers | question: How long was Queen's The Prophet's Song?, answer: eight-minute | question: Which Queen ballad featured a harp and overdubbed harmonies?, answer: Love of My Life
In late 1977, music writers for Sounds first used the terms "New Musick" and "post punk" to describe British acts such as Siouxsie and the Banshees and Wire, who began experimenting with sounds, lyrics and aesthetics that differed significantly from their punk contemporaries. Writer Jon Savage described some of these early developments as exploring "harsh urban scrapings [,] controlled white noise" and "massively accented drumming". In January 1978, singer John Lydon (then known as Johnny Rotten) announced the break-up of his pioneering punk band the Sex Pistols, citing his disillusionment with punk's musical predictability and cooption by commercial interests, as well as his desire to explore more diverse interests.

question: When did writers for Sounds first mention "post punk"?, answer: late 1977 | question: What did Wire do with sounds, lyrics and aesthetics which different a lot from their peers?, answer: experimenting | question: What career path did Jon Savage take in life?, answer: Writer | question: When did the Sex Pistols break up?, answer: January 1978 | question: Who was Siouxsie backed by?, answer: the Banshees | question: What are examples of British bands termed post-punk?, answer: Siouxsie and the Banshees and Wire | question: Who connsidered post-punk "harsh urban scrapings [,] controlled white noise" and "massively accented drumming"?, answer: Jon Savage | question: Which band's lead singer was Johnny Rotten?, answer: Sex Pistols | question: What was Johnny Rotten's real name?, answer: John Lydon | question: When did the Sex Pistols break up?, answer: 1978