lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Britain now threatened to withdraw its subsidies if Prussia didn't consider offering concessions to secure peace. As the Prussian armies had dwindled to just 60,000 men and with Berlin itself under siege, Frederick's survival was severely threatened. Then on 5 January 1762 the Russian Empress Elizabeth died. Her Prussophile successor, Peter III, at once recalled Russian armies from Berlin (see: the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1762)) and mediated Frederick's truce with Sweden. He also placed a corps of his own troops under Frederick's command This turn of events has become known as the Miracle of the House of Brandenburg. Frederick was then able to muster a larger army of 120,000 men and concentrate it against Austria. He drove them from much of Saxony, while his brother Henry won a victory in Silesia in the Battle of Freiberg (29 October 1762). At the same time, his Brunswick allies captured the key town of Göttingen and compounded this by taking Cassel.

question: Britain tried to influence Prussia to take what action?, answer: offering concessions to secure peace | question: How many troops did Frederick have left?, answer: 60,000 men | question: What development in Russia assisted Prussia?, answer: Russian Empress Elizabeth died. Her Prussophile successor, Peter III, at once recalled Russian armies from Berlin | question: What changed the Prussian relationship with Sweden?, answer: Peter III, at once recalled Russian armies from Berlin (see: the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1762)) and mediated Frederick's truce with Sweden | question: What was the unexpected action by Peter III that helped Frederick?, answer: He also placed a corps of his own troops under Frederick's command
Britain retains sovereignty over 14 territories outside the British Isles, which were renamed the British Overseas Territories in 2002. Some are uninhabited except for transient military or scientific personnel; the remainder are self-governing to varying degrees and are reliant on the UK for foreign relations and defence. The British government has stated its willingness to assist any Overseas Territory that wishes to proceed to independence, where that is an option. British sovereignty of several of the overseas territories is disputed by their geographical neighbours: Gibraltar is claimed by Spain, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are claimed by Argentina, and the British Indian Ocean Territory is claimed by Mauritius and Seychelles. The British Antarctic Territory is subject to overlapping claims by Argentina and Chile, while many countries do not recognise any territorial claims in Antarctica.

question: How many overseas territories does Britain still have?, answer: 14 | question: When did Britain decide to call its territories the British Overseas Territories?, answer: 2002 | question: Which country besides Britain claims Gibraltar?, answer: Spain | question: Which country besides Britain claims the Falkland Islands?, answer: Argentina | question: Which country besides Britain claims the South Sandwich Islands?, answer: Argentina
Britain was concerned about Russian activity and Sir John Burgoyne senior advisor to Lord Aberdeen urged that the Dardanelles should be occupied and throw up works of sufficient strength to block any Russian move to capture Constantinople and gain access to the Mediterranean Sea. The Corps of Royal Engineers sent men to the Dardanelles while Burgoyne went to Paris, meeting the British Ambassador and the French Emperor. The Lord Cowley wrote on 8 February to Burgoyne "Your visit to Paris has produced a visible change in the Emperor's views, and he is making every preparation for a land expedition in case the last attempt at negotiation should break down.":411

question: Who was concerned with Russia capturing Constantinople?, answer: Britain | question: Who sent men to the Dardanelles?, answer: The Corps of Royal Engineers | question: As men were sent to the Dardanelles, where did Burgoyne go?, answer: Paris | question: Who was Burgoyne visiting in Paris?, answer: British Ambassador and the French Emperor | question: Who wrote to Burgoyne on February 8th?, answer: Lord Cowley
Britain's fears of war with Germany were realised in 1914 with the outbreak of the First World War. Britain quickly invaded and occupied most of Germany's overseas colonies in Africa. In the Pacific, Australia and New Zealand occupied German New Guinea and Samoa respectively. Plans for a post-war division of the Ottoman Empire, which had joined the war on Germany's side, were secretly drawn up by Britain and France under the 1916 Sykes–Picot Agreement. This agreement was not divulged to the Sharif of Mecca, who the British had been encouraging to launch an Arab revolt against their Ottoman rulers, giving the impression that Britain was supporting the creation of an independent Arab state.

question: When did the First World War begin?, answer: 1914 | question: When WW1 began, Britain took the opportunity to take over most of which country's colonies?, answer: Germany | question: Who took over German New Guinea?, answer: Australia | question: Who took over Samoa?, answer: Sykes–Picot Agreement | question: The Sykes–Picot Agreement was signed in what year?, answer: 1916
Britain's first use of brass occurred around the 3rd–2nd century BC. In North America, copper mining began with marginal workings by Native Americans. Native copper is known to have been extracted from sites on Isle Royale with primitive stone tools between 800 and 1600. Copper metallurgy was flourishing in South America, particularly in Peru around 1000 AD; it proceeded at a much slower rate on other continents. Copper burial ornamentals from the 15th century have been uncovered, but the metal's commercial production did not start until the early 20th century.

question: When did Britain first use brass?, answer: 3rd–2nd century BC | question: Who were the first copper miners in North America?, answer: Native Americans | question: Where was native copper extracted with primitive tools between 800 and 1600?, answer: Isle Royale | question: What country had a strong copper production in 1000 AD, answer: Peru | question: When did commercial production of copper begin?, answer: early 20th century
Britain's remaining colonies in Africa, except for self-governing Southern Rhodesia, were all granted independence by 1968. British withdrawal from the southern and eastern parts of Africa was not a peaceful process. Kenyan independence was preceded by the eight-year Mau Mau Uprising. In Rhodesia, the 1965 Unilateral Declaration of Independence by the white minority resulted in a civil war that lasted until the Lancaster House Agreement of 1979, which set the terms for recognised independence in 1980, as the new nation of Zimbabwe.

question: What was the last British colony remaining in Africa?, answer: Southern Rhodesia | question: When was the second-to-last British colony in Africa granted independence?, answer: 1968 | question: When was the Unilateral Declaration of Independence of Rhodesia?, answer: 1965 | question: What new country did the Lancaster House Agreement recognize?, answer: Mau Mau Uprising | question: Where was the Mau Mau Uprising?, answer: Kenyan
British Prime Minister William Pitt's focus on the colonies for the 1758 campaign paid off with the taking of Louisbourg after French reinforcements were blocked by British naval victory in the Battle of Cartagena and in the successful capture of Fort Duquesne and Fort Frontenac. The British also continued the process of deporting the Acadian population with a wave of major operations against Île Saint-Jean (present-day Prince Edward Island), the St. John River valley, and the Petitcodiac River valley. The celebration of these successes was dampened by their embarrassing defeat in the Battle of Carillon (Ticonderoga), in which 4,000 French troops repulsed 16,000 British.

question: How did the British assure numerical superiority in taking Louisbourg?, answer: French reinforcements were blocked by British naval victory in the Battle of Cartagena | question: Identify two other French possessions captured by the British., answer: Fort Duquesne and Fort Frontenac | question: Who did the British deport from Lie Saint-Jean?, answer: the Acadian population | question: What is Lie Saint-Jean called today?, answer: Île Saint-Jean (present-day Prince Edward Island) | question: How much were the French outnumbered at the Battle of Carillion?, answer: 4,000 French troops repulsed 16,000 British
British Somaliland became independent on 26 June 1960 as the State of Somaliland, and the Trust Territory of Somalia (the former Italian Somaliland) followed suit five days later. On 1 July 1960, the two territories united to form the Somali Republic, albeit within boundaries drawn up by Italy and Britain. A government was formed by Abdullahi Issa Mohamud and Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal other members of the trusteeship and protectorate governments, with Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf as President of the Somali National Assembly, Aden Abdullah Osman Daar as the President of the Somali Republic and Abdirashid Ali Shermarke as Prime Minister (later to become President from 1967 to 1969). On 20 July 1961 and through a popular referendum, the people of Somalia ratified a new constitution, which was first drafted in 1960. In 1967, Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal became Prime Minister, a position to which he was appointed by Shermarke. Egal would later become the President of the autonomous Somaliland region in northwestern Somalia.

question: On what date did British Somaliland gain independence?, answer: 26 June 1960 | question: What was British Somaliland known as upon achieving independence?, answer: the State of Somaliland | question: What state formed the Somali Republic with British Somaliland?, answer: the Trust Territory of Somalia | question: On what date did the former British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland unite?, answer: 1 July 1960 | question: Who was the first President of the Somali Republic?, answer: Aden Abdullah Osman Daar
British air doctrine, since the time of Chief of the Air Staff Hugh Trenchard in the early 1920s, had stressed offence was the best means of defence. British defensive strategy revolved around offensive action, what became known as the cult of the offensive. To prevent German formations from hitting targets in Britain, RAF's Bomber Command would destroy Luftwaffe aircraft on their own bases, aircraft in their factories and fuel reserves by attacking oil plants. This philosophy was impractical as Bomber Command lacked the technology and equipment and needed several years to develop it. This strategy retarded the development of fighter defences in the 1930s. Dowding agreed air defence would require some offensive action, and fighters could not defend Britain alone. Until September 1940, the RAF lacked specialist night-fighting aircraft and relied on anti-aircraft units which were poorly equipped and lacking in numbers.

question: What did the British offence become know as?, answer: cult of the offensive | question: Why was the tactic of bombing German aircraft bases, factories and fuel reserves impractical?, answer: lacked the technology and equipment | question: Until 1940 what type of aircraft did the RAF lacked?, answer: specialist night-fighting | question: What was wrong with the anti aircraft units?, answer: poorly equipped and lacking in numbers
British colonial rule introduced Western elements of culture to Burma. Burma's education system is modelled after that of the United Kingdom. Colonial architectural influences are most evident in major cities such as Yangon. Many ethnic minorities, particularly the Karen in the southeast and the Kachin and Chin who populate the north and northeast, practice Christianity. According to the The World Factbook, the Burman population is 68% and the ethnic groups constitute 32%. However, the exiled leaders and organisations claims that ethnic population is 40%, which is implicitly contrasted with CIA report (official US report).

question: What evidence of previous rule is evident in the buildings in Burma ?, answer: Colonial architectural influences are most evident in major cities | question: What part of the Burmese population is considered not a part of the mainstream group?, answer: ethnic groups constitute 32% | question: Do opinions differ on the numbers for that population is considered not a part of the mainstream, answer: exiled leaders and organisations claims that ethnic population is 40%, which is implicitly contrasted with CIA report (official US report). | question: What is the name of the group that reported the information regarding the populace in Burma ?, answer: The World Factbook
British empiricism, though it was not a term used at the time, derives from the 17th century period of early modern philosophy and modern science. The term became useful in order to describe differences perceived between two of its founders Francis Bacon, described as empiricist, and René Descartes, who is described as a rationalist. Thomas Hobbes and Baruch Spinoza, in the next generation, are often also described as an empiricist and a rationalist respectively. John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume were the primary exponents of empiricism in the 18th century Enlightenment, with Locke being the person who is normally known as the founder of empiricism as such.

question: When was the British empiricism period?, answer: 17th century | question: What type of philosopher was Francis Bacon?, answer: empiricist | question: What type of philosopher was Descartes?, answer: rationalist | question: What type of philosopher was Hobbes?, answer: empiricist | question: What type of philosopher was Spinoza?, answer: rationalist
British imperial strength was underpinned by the steamship and the telegraph, new technologies invented in the second half of the 19th century, allowing it to control and defend the Empire. By 1902, the British Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables, the so-called All Red Line. Growing until 1922, around 13,000,000 square miles (34,000,000 km2) of territory and roughly 458 million people were added to the British Empire. The British established colonies in Australia in 1788, New Zealand in 1840 and Fiji in 1872, with much of Oceania becoming part of the British Empire.

question: What was British imperial strength replace by?, answer: steamship and the telegraph | question: What was the British Empire linked by in 1982?, answer: a network of telegraph cables | question: When were the steamship and the telegraph invented?, answer: the second half of the 19th century | question: How many people were added to the British Empire by 1922?, answer: 458 million | question: When did the British establish colonies in Australia?, answer: 1788
British night air defences were in a poor state. Few anti-aircraft guns had fire-control systems, and the underpowered searchlights were usually ineffective against aircraft at altitudes above 12,000 ft (3,700 m). In July 1940, only 1,200 heavy and 549 light guns were deployed in the whole of Britain. Of the "heavies", some 200 were of the obsolescent 3 in (76 mm) type; the remainder were the effective 4.5 in (110 mm) and 3.7 in (94 mm) guns, with a theoretical "ceiling"' of over 30,000 ft (9,100 m) but a practical limit of 25,000 ft (7,600 m) because the predictor in use could not accept greater heights. The light guns, about half of which were of the excellent Bofors 40 mm, dealt with aircraft only up to 6,000 ft (1,800 m). Although the use of the guns improved civilian morale, with the knowledge the German bomber crews were facing the barrage, it is now believed that the anti-aircraft guns achieved little and in fact the falling shell fragments caused more British casualties on the ground.

question: British night air defenses were effective to what height?, answer: 12,000 ft (3,700 m) | question: By July of 1940 how many guns were deployed in Britain?, answer: only 1,200 heavy and 549 light guns | question: What was the practical ceiling of the effective heavy guns?, answer: 25,000 ft (7,600 m) | question: What type of light gun dealt with aircraft up to 6000 ft.?, answer: Bofors 40 mm | question: What is believed to have caused many civilian casualties from anti-aircraft guns?, answer: falling shell fragments
British post-punk entered the 1980s with support from members of the critical community—American critic Greil Marcus characterised "Britain's postpunk pop avant-garde" in a 1980 Rolling Stone article as "sparked by a tension, humour and sense of paradox plainly unique in present day pop music"—as well as media figures such as BBC DJ John Peel, while several groups, such as PiL and Joy Division, achieved some success in the popular charts. The network of supportive record labels that included Industrial, Fast, E.G., Mute, Axis/4AD and Glass continued to facilitate a large output of music, by artists such as the Raincoats, Essential Logic, Killing Joke, the Teardrop Explodes, and the Psychedelic Furs.

question: How did critics respond to British post-punk groups in the 1980s?, answer: support | question: What nationality was the critic who positively characterized Britain's postpunk scene in an 1980 Rolling Stone article?, answer: American | question: What about the sense of paradox in postpunk different in relation to the pop music of the day?, answer: unique | question: What corporation was John Peel a DJ for?, answer: BBC | question: What were Fast, Mute, and Glass in the context of post-punk music?, answer: record labels | question: When did British post-punk emerge?, answer: 1980s | question: Who said that British post-punk was "sparked by a tension, humour and sense of paradox plainly unique in present day pop music"?, answer: Greil Marcus | question: What British post-punk bands had success in the popular charts?, answer: PiL and Joy Division | question: Which record labels really supported the British post-punk movement?, answer: Industrial, Fast, E.G., Mute, Axis/4AD and Glass | question: What popular DJ supported the emergence of British post-punk?, answer: BBC DJ John Peel
Broadband wireless services were offered by both dial up and non-dial up ISPs in major cities, such as Mogadishu, Bosaso, Hargeisa, Galkayo and Kismayo. Pricing ranged from $150 to $300 a month for unlimited internet access, with bandwidth rates of 64 kbit/s up and down. The main patrons of these wireless services were scholastic institutions, corporations, and UN, NGO and diplomatic missions. Mogadishu had the biggest subscriber base nationwide and was also the headquarters of the largest wireless internet services, among which were Dalkom (Wanaag HK), Orbit, Unitel and Webtel.

question: Mogadishu and Bosaso are what in Somalia?, answer: major cities | question: What city in Soalia has the largest nuber of subscribers?, answer: Mogadishu | question: Where was the headquarters of the largest wireless internet services?, answer: Mogadishu | question: What is another name for Dalcom?, answer: Wanaag HK
Broadcasters were faced with having to adapt daily to the varied recording characteristics of many sources: various makers of "home recordings" readily available to the public, European recordings, lateral-cut transcriptions, and vertical-cut transcriptions. Efforts were started in 1942 to standardize within the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), later known as the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters (NARTB). The NAB, among other items, issued recording standards in 1949 for laterally and vertically cut records, principally transcriptions. A number of 78 rpm record producers as well as early LP makers also cut their records to the NAB/NARTB lateral standard.

question: Who made the move to standardize recordings?, answer: National Association of Broadcasters | question: When were recording standards officially released?, answer: 1949 | question: Which recording types were effected by the imposed industry standards?, answer: laterally and vertically cut records, principally transcriptions. | question: What was one issue of a lack of industry standards?, answer: Broadcasters were faced with having to adapt daily to the varied recording | question: What is the NAB?, answer: National Association of Broadcasters
Broadly speaking, Daylight Saving Time was abandoned in the years after the war (with some notable exceptions including Canada, the UK, France, and Ireland for example). However, it was brought back for periods of time in many different places during the following decades, and commonly during the Second World War. It became widely adopted, particularly in North America and Europe starting in the 1970s as a result of the 1970s energy crisis.

question: What event in the 1970s led more regions of North America to use DST?, answer: energy crisis | question: What country joined Canada, the UK, and Ireland in continuing to observe Daylight Saving Time after the war?, answer: Ireland | question: Daylight Saving Time was used commonly during what war?, answer: Second World War | question: Along with North America, what continent was affected heavily by the 1970s energy crisis?, answer: Europe
Broadly speaking, Enlightenment science greatly valued empiricism and rational thought, and was embedded with the Enlightenment ideal of advancement and progress. The study of science, under the heading of natural philosophy, was divided into physics and a conglomerate grouping of chemistry and natural history, which included anatomy, biology, geology, mineralogy, and zoology. As with most Enlightenment views, the benefits of science were not seen universally; Rousseau criticized the sciences for distancing man from nature and not operating to make people happier. Science during the Enlightenment was dominated by scientific societies and academies, which had largely replaced universities as centres of scientific research and development. Societies and academies were also the backbone of the maturation of the scientific profession. Another important development was the popularization of science among an increasingly literate population. Philosophes introduced the public to many scientific theories, most notably through the Encyclopédie and the popularization of Newtonianism by Voltaire and Émilie du Châtelet. Some historians have marked the 18th century as a drab period in the history of science; however, the century saw significant advancements in the practice of medicine, mathematics, and physics; the development of biological taxonomy; a new understanding of magnetism and electricity; and the maturation of chemistry as a discipline, which established the foundations of modern chemistry.

question: Anatomy, biology, geology, mineralogy, and zoology are all studies of which subject?, answer: natural history | question: Who criticized the sciences for distancing man from nature and not operating to make people happier?, answer: Rousseau | question: Who replaced universities as centres of scientific research and development during the Enlightenment?, answer: scientific societies and academies | question: Which century is considered by some as a "drab" period, however saw significant advancements in the practice of medicine, mathematics, and physics, the development of biological taxonomy, a new understanding of magnetism, and the maturation of chemistry as a discipline?, answer: the 18th century | question: Voltaire and Emilie du Chatelet populatized which scientific philosophy?, answer: Newtonianism
Broadly speaking, government phonology (or its descendant, strict-CV phonology) has a greater following in the United Kingdom, whereas optimality theory is predominant in the United States.[citation needed]

question: What followed government phonology?, answer: strict-CV phonology | question: Where is government phonology popular?, answer: the United Kingdom, | question: What theory is seen more in the US?, answer: optimality theory