lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
In late 1994, Marvel acquired the comic book distributor Heroes World Distribution to use as its own exclusive distributor. As the industry's other major publishers made exclusive distribution deals with other companies, the ripple effect resulted in the survival of only one other major distributor in North America, Diamond Comic Distributors Inc. In early 1997, when Marvel's Heroes World endeavor failed, Diamond also forged an exclusive deal with Marvel—giving the company its own section of its comics catalog Previews.

question: What channel did Marvel buy to self-distribute its own comics in the 1990s?, answer: Heroes World Distribution | question: When did Marvel purchase this distribution network?, answer: 1994 | question: Exclusive deals for distributing comics during the 1990s left this company as the only unaffiliated one., answer: Diamond Comic Distributors Inc | question: What year did Diamond Comic Distributors team up with Marvel?, answer: 1997 | question: The failure of what high profile business initiative caused Marvel to approach Diamond?, answer: Marvel's Heroes World
In late 2005, Viacom's Paramount Pictures acquired DreamWorks SKG after acquisition talks between GE and DreamWorks stalled. Universal's long time chairperson, Stacey Snider, left the company in early 2006 to head up DreamWorks. Snider was replaced by then-Vice Chairman Marc Shmuger and Focus Features head David Linde. On October 5, 2009, Marc Shmuger and David Linde were ousted and their co-chairperson jobs consolidated under former president of worldwide marketing and distribution Adam Fogelson becoming the single chairperson. Donna Langley was also upped to co-chairperson. In 2009, Stephanie Sperber founded Universal Partnerships & Licensing within Universal to license consumer products for Universal. In September 2013, Adam Fogelson was ousted as co-chairman of Universal Pictures, promoting Donna Langley to sole-chairman. In addition, NBCUniversal International Chairman, Jeff Shell, would be appointed as Chairman of the newly created Filmed Entertainment Group. Longtime studio head Ron Meyer would give up oversight of the film studio and appointed Vice Chairman of NBCUniversal, providing consultation to CEO Steve Burke on all of the company's operations. Meyers still retains oversight of Universal Parks and Resorts.

question: In what year did Paramount Pictures purchase DreamWorks?, answer: 2005 | question: What Universal chairperson headed DreamWorks as of 2006?, answer: Stacey Snider | question: Who became the chairperson in late 2009?, answer: Adam Fogelson | question: Who was the founder of Universal Partnerships & Licensing?, answer: Stephanie Sperber | question: Who became chairperson of Universal Pictures in September 2013?, answer: Donna Langley
In late 2006[update], Dell lost its lead in the PC-business to Hewlett-Packard. Both Gartner and IDC estimated that in the third quarter of 2006, HP shipped more units worldwide than Dell did. Dell's 3.6% growth paled in comparison to HP's 15% growth during the same period. The problem got worse in the fourth quarter, when Gartner estimated that Dell PC shipments declined 8.9% (versus HP's 23.9% growth). As a result, at the end of 2006 Dell's overall PC market-share stood at 13.9% (versus HP's 17.4%).

question: What year did Dell lose its tech lead to Hewlett-Packard?, answer: 2006 | question: What was HP's growth during the third quarter of 2006?, answer: 15% | question: What was the rate of decline that Dell experienced in PC shipments?, answer: 8.9% | question: What was Dell's market share at the end of 2006?, answer: 13.9%
In late December, Barcelona's appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport was unsuccessful and the original transfer ban was reinstated, leaving the club unable to utilise the 2015 winter and summer transfer windows. On 5 January 2015, Zubizareta was sacked by the board after 4 years as director of football. The next month, Barcelona announced the formation of a new Football Area Technical Commission, made up of vice-president Jordi Mestre, board member Javier Bordas, Carles Rexach and Ariedo Braida.

question: To whom did Barcelona appeal to lift the transfer bad?, answer: Court of Arbitration for Sport | question: During what year was Barcelona not allowed to use their transfer windows?, answer: 2015 | question: When was Zubizareta fired by the board?, answer: 5 January 2015 | question: What position did Zubizareta have?, answer: director of football | question: After firing the director, what did Barcelona form?, answer: Football Area Technical Commission
In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky, lampooned as "the mastodon of stagnation." The demonstrations coincided with a visit to Ukraine by Soviet President Gorbachev. On February 26, 1989, between 20,000 and 30,000 people participated in an unsanctioned ecumenical memorial service in Lviv, marking the anniversary of the death of 19th Century Ukrainian artist and nationalist Taras Shevchenko.

question: What were people protesting in Kiev during the last part of February?, answer: election laws | question: Who did the protesters want to resign?, answer: Volodymyr Scherbytsky | question: What was Scherbytsky's nickname?, answer: the mastodon of stagnation | question: Who visited the Ukraine while the protests were taking place?, answer: Gorbachev | question: How many people attended the service in Lviv?, answer: between 20,000 and 30,000
In late September 1838, he started reading Thomas Malthus's An Essay on the Principle of Population with its statistical argument that human populations, if unrestrained, breed beyond their means and struggle to survive. Darwin related this to the struggle for existence among wildlife and botanist de Candolle's "warring of the species" in plants; he immediately envisioned "a force like a hundred thousand wedges" pushing well-adapted variations into "gaps in the economy of nature", so that the survivors would pass on their form and abilities, and unfavourable variations would be destroyed. By December 1838, he had noted a similarity between the act of breeders selecting traits and a Malthusian Nature selecting among variants thrown up by "chance" so that "every part of newly acquired structure is fully practical and perfected".

question: Which book did Darwin begin reading in 1838?, answer: An Essay on the Principle of Population | question: What did Thomas Malthus' book theorize would happen to human populations if they were unrestrained?, answer: breed beyond their means and struggle to survive | question: Which species did Darwin compare with the human struggle to survive?, answer: plants | question: What concept was de Candolle considering as he studied plants?, answer: "warring of the species"
In later editions of the book, Darwin traced evolutionary ideas as far back as Aristotle; the text he cites is a summary by Aristotle of the ideas of the earlier Greek philosopher Empedocles. Early Christian Church Fathers and Medieval European scholars interpreted the Genesis creation narrative allegorically rather than as a literal historical account; organisms were described by their mythological and heraldic significance as well as by their physical form. Nature was widely believed to be unstable and capricious, with monstrous births from union between species, and spontaneous generation of life.

question: To what ancient philosopher did Darwin trace some of his evolutionary ideas?, answer: Aristotle | question: Whose ideas were summarized by Aristotle in the work Darwin studied?, answer: Greek philosopher Empedocles | question: How did medieval scholars view the Genesis creation story?, answer: allegorically | question: What kind of births did the Christian Church fathers believe occurred in nature?, answer: monstrous births from union between species, and spontaneous generation of life.
In league competitions, games may end in a draw. In knockout competitions where a winner is required various methods may be employed to break such a deadlock, some competitions may invoke replays. A game tied at the end of regulation time may go into extra time, which consists of two further 15-minute periods. If the score is still tied after extra time, some competitions allow the use of penalty shootouts (known officially in the Laws of the Game as "kicks from the penalty mark") to determine which team will progress to the next stage of the tournament. Goals scored during extra time periods count toward the final score of the game, but kicks from the penalty mark are only used to decide the team that progresses to the next part of the tournament (with goals scored in a penalty shootout not making up part of the final score).

question: Matches where a winner must be decided is called what type of competitions?, answer: knockout | question: Extra time has two periods which each are how long in minutes?, answer: 15 | question: What are penalty shootouts officially known as in the Laws of the Game?, answer: kicks from the penalty mark | question: Which goals count to the final score of the game?, answer: Goals scored during extra time
In literary contexts, Apollo represents harmony, order, and reason—characteristics contrasted with those of Dionysus, god of wine, who represents ecstasy and disorder. The contrast between the roles of these gods is reflected in the adjectives Apollonian and Dionysian. However, the Greeks thought of the two qualities as complementary: the two gods are brothers, and when Apollo at winter left for Hyperborea, he would leave the Delphic oracle to Dionysus. This contrast appears to be shown on the two sides of the Borghese Vase.

question: Who was the god of wine?, answer: Dionysus | question: In literary contexts, who represents harmony, order and reason?, answer: Apollo | question: Where did Apollo go in winter?, answer: Hyperborea
In literature and journalism, BYU has produced several best-selling authors, including Orson Scott Card '75, Brandon Sanderson '00 & '05, Ben English '98, and Stephenie Meyer '95. BYU also graduated American activist and contributor for ABC News Elizabeth Smart-Gilmour. Other media personalities include former CBS News correspondent Art Rascon, award-winning ESPN sportscaster and former Miss America Sharlene Wells Hawkes '86 and former co-host of CBS's The Early Show Jane Clayson Johnson '90. In entertainment and television, BYU is represented by Jon Heder '02 (best known for his role as Napoleon Dynamite), writer-director Daryn Tufts '98, Golden Globe-nominated Aaron Eckhart '94, animator and filmmaker Don Bluth '54, Jeopardy! all-time champion Ken Jennings '00, and Richard Dutcher, the "Father of Mormon Cinema." In the music industry BYU is represented by lead singer of the Grammy Award winning band Imagine Dragons Dan Reynolds, multi-platinum selling drummer Elaine Bradley from the band Neon Trees, crossover dubstep violinist Lindsey Stirling, former American Idol contestant Carmen Rasmusen, Mormon Tabernacle Choir director Mack Wilberg and pianist Massimiliano Frani.

question: Where did best selling author Stephenie Meyer graduate from in 1995?, answer: BYU | question: Which former Miss America graduated from BYU?, answer: Sharlene Wells Hawkes | question: Which former co-host of CBS's The Early Show graduated from BYU?, answer: Jane Clayson Johnson | question: Which award winning ESPN sports writer graduated form BYU?, answer: Sharlene Wells Hawkes | question: Which former CBS News correspondent graduated from BYU?, answer: Art Rascon
In lossy audio compression, methods of psychoacoustics are used to remove non-audible (or less audible) components of the audio signal. Compression of human speech is often performed with even more specialized techniques; speech coding, or voice coding, is sometimes distinguished as a separate discipline from audio compression. Different audio and speech compression standards are listed under audio coding formats. Voice compression is used in internet telephony, for example, audio compression is used for CD ripping and is decoded by the audio players.

question: What is used for CD ripping?, answer: audio compression | question: What methods are used to remove non-audible components of audio signals?, answer: psychoacoustics | question: What compression is usually performed with even more specialized techniques?, answer: human speech | question: What is used in internet telephony?, answer: Voice compression | question: What is encoded by audio players?, answer: audio compression
In mainland China, the Japanese 3rd, 6th, and 40th Divisions massed at Yueyang and advanced southward in three columns and crossed the Xinqiang River, and tried again to cross the Miluo River to reach Changsha. In January 1942, Chinese forces got a victory at Changsha which was the first Allied success against Japan. After the Doolittle Raid, the Japanese army conducted a massive sweep through Zhejiang and Jiangxi of China, now known as the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign, with the goal of searching out the surviving American airmen, applying retribution on the Chinese who aided them and destroying air bases. This operation started on 15 May 1942 with 40 infantry battalions and 15–16 artillery battalions but was repelled by Chinese forces in September. During this campaign, The Imperial Japanese Army left behind a trail of devastation and had also spread cholera, typhoid, plague and dysentery pathogens. Chinese estimates put the death toll at 250,000 civilians. Around 1,700 Japanese troops died out of a total 10,000 Japanese soldiers who fell ill with disease when their own biological weapons attack rebounded on their own forces. On 2 November 1943, Isamu Yokoyama, commander of the Imperial Japanese 11th Army, deployed the 39th, 58th, 13th, 3rd, 116th and 68th divisions, a grand total of around 100,000 troops, to attack Changde of China. During the seven-week Battle of Changde, the Chinese forced Japan to fight a costly war of attrition. Although the Japanese army initially successfully captured the city, the Chinese 57th division was able to pin them down long enough for reinforcements to arrive and encircle the Japanese. The Chinese army then cut off the Japanese supply lines, forcing them into retreat, whereupon the Chinese pursued their enemy. During the battle, in an act of desperation, Japan used chemical weapons. In the aftermath of the Japanese conquest of Burma, there was widespread disorder in eastern India, and a disastrous famine in Bengal, which ultimately caused up to 3 million deaths. In spite of these, and inadequate lines of communication, British and Indian forces attempted limited counter-attacks in Burma in early 1943. An offensive in Arakan failed, while a long distance raid mounted by the Chindits under Brigadier Orde Wingate suffered heavy losses, but was publicized to bolster Allied morale. It also provoked the Japanese to mount major offensives themselves the following year.

question: Where were the 40th, 3rd, and 6th divisions massed at in China?, answer: Yueyang | question: What is the first river that the 40th, 3rd, and 6th Japanese divisions crossed while advancing southward?, answer: Xinqiang River | question: How many Chinese civilians were estimated to have died during the Japanese Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign?, answer: 250,000 | question: What is the river that the 40th, 3rd, and 6th Japanese divisions tried crossing to reach Changsha?, answer: Miluo River | question: Who commanded the Imperial Japanese 11th Army on November, 1943?, answer: Isamu Yokoyama
In mammals, preparation for digestion begins with the cephalic phase in which saliva is produced in the mouth and digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach. Mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth where food is chewed, and mixed with saliva to begin enzymatic processing of starches. The stomach continues to break food down mechanically and chemically through churning and mixing with both acids and enzymes. Absorption occurs in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract, and the process finishes with defecation.

question: What is the firs phase in preparation for digestion in mammals?, answer: the cephalic phase | question: What is the cephalic phase?, answer: saliva is produced in the mouth and digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach | question: What digestions begin in the mouth?, answer: Mechanical and chemical digestion | question: What happens in the stomach after the food is chewed and mixed with starches?, answer: The stomach continues to break food down mechanically and chemically through churning and mixing with both acids and enzymes | question: Where does absorption occur?, answer: in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract
In manufacturing the glass bulb, a type of "ribbon machine" is used. A continuous ribbon of glass is passed along a conveyor belt, heated in a furnace, and then blown by precisely aligned air nozzles through holes in the conveyor belt into molds. Thus the glass bulbs are created. After the bulbs are blown, and cooled, they are cut off the ribbon machine; a typical machine of this sort produces 50,000 bulbs per hour. The filament and its supports are assembled on a glass stem, which is fused to the bulb. The air is pumped out of the bulb, and the evacuation tube in the stem press is sealed by a flame. The bulb is then inserted into the lamp base, and the whole assembly tested.

question: What type of machine manufactures glass light bulbs., answer: ribbon machine | question: How many bulbs does the average ribbon machine produce per hour?, answer: 50,000 | question: How is the filament attached to the bulb?, answer: assembled on a glass stem, which is fused to the bulb | question: How is the evacuation tube sealed?, answer: by a flame | question: What blows the glass bulbs into their characteristic shape?, answer: precisely aligned air nozzles
In many cases of diarrhea, replacing lost fluid and salts is the only treatment needed. This is usually by mouth – oral rehydration therapy – or, in severe cases, intravenously. Diet restrictions such as the BRAT diet are no longer recommended. Research does not support the limiting of milk to children as doing so has no effect on duration of diarrhea. To the contrary, WHO recommends that children with diarrhea continue to eat as sufficient nutrients are usually still absorbed to support continued growth and weight gain, and that continuing to eat also speeds up recovery of normal intestinal functioning. CDC recommends that children and adults with cholera also continue to eat.

question: What is the basic treatment many cases of diarrhea need?, answer: replacing lost fluid and salts is the only treatment needed | question: How is this treatment given?, answer: This is usually by mouth – oral rehydration therapy – or, in severe cases, intravenously | question: What type of diet is no longer recommended?, answer: BRAT diet | question: What does WHO recommend to do?, answer: children with diarrhea continue to eat as sufficient nutrients are usually still absorbed to support continued growth and weight gain
In many countries, national and regional poultry shows are held where enthusiasts exhibit their birds which are judged on certain phenotypical breed traits as specified by their respective breed standards. The idea of poultry exhibition may have originated after cockfighting was made illegal, as a way of maintaining a competitive element in poultry husbandry. Breed standards were drawn up for egg-laying, meat-type, and purely ornamental birds, aiming for uniformity. Sometimes, poultry shows are part of general livestock shows, and sometimes they are separate events such as the annual "National Championship Show" in the United Kingdom organised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain.

question: Is there a pplace where lovers of the chicken are able to see some of its best attributes ?, answer: In many countries, national and regional poultry shows are held where enthusiasts exhibit their birds | question: In such competitions what are the chickens juged on? What attibutes are considered viable?, answer: birds which are judged on certain phenotypical breed traits as specified by their respective breed standards | question: Are there breed standards used for the competitions?, answer: Breed standards were drawn up for egg-laying, meat-type, and purely ornamental birds, aiming for uniformity | question: What are some of the most widely known poultry tournaments?, answer: the annual "National Championship Show" in the United Kingdom organised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain. | question: From where does the idea of a poultry tournament orginate?, answer: The idea of poultry exhibition may have originated after cockfighting was made illegal, as a way of maintaining a competitive element in poultry husbandry
In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other.

question: In languages like Thai and Icelandic, tenuis and aspirated consonants are what?, answer: phonemic | question: [p˭ s˭] and [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate what?, answer: phonemes
In many non-US western countries a 'fourth hurdle' of cost effectiveness analysis has developed before new technologies can be provided. This focuses on the efficiency (in terms of the cost per QALY) of the technologies in question rather than their efficacy. In England and Wales NICE decides whether and in what circumstances drugs and technologies will be made available by the NHS, whilst similar arrangements exist with the Scottish Medicines Consortium in Scotland, and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee in Australia. A product must pass the threshold for cost-effectiveness if it is to be approved. Treatments must represent 'value for money' and a net benefit to society.

question: NICE decides the availability of drugs in which two countries?, answer: England and Wales | question: What is the name of the organization in Scotland that decides the availability of drugs?, answer: Scottish Medicines Consortium | question: What threshold must a drug pass before it is approved?, answer: cost-effectiveness
In many parts of the world football evokes great passions and plays an important role in the life of individual fans, local communities, and even nations. R. Kapuscinski says that Europeans who are polite, modest, or humble fall easily into rage when playing or watching football games. The Côte d'Ivoire national football team helped secure a truce to the nation's civil war in 2006 and it helped further reduce tensions between government and rebel forces in 2007 by playing a match in the rebel capital of Bouaké, an occasion that brought both armies together peacefully for the first time. By contrast, football is widely considered to have been the final proximate cause for the Football War in June 1969 between El Salvador and Honduras. The sport also exacerbated tensions at the beginning of the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, when a match between Dinamo Zagreb and Red Star Belgrade degenerated into rioting in May 1990.

question: In 2006, which team helps secure a truce during a civil war?, answer: Côte d'Ivoire | question: What city did a peaceful match between two armies take place in 2007?, answer: Bouaké | question: When did the Football War happen?, answer: June 1969 | question: Football made which wars more tense in the 1990's?, answer: Yugoslav Wars