lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Prior to his inauguration, Eisenhower led a meeting of advisors at Pearl Harbor addressing foremost issues; agreed objectives were to balance the budget during his term, to bring the Korean War to an end, to defend vital interests at lower cost through nuclear deterrent, and to end price and wage controls. Eisenhower also conducted the first pre-inaugural cabinet meeting in history in late 1952; he used this meeting to articulate his anti-communist Russia policy. His inaugural address, as well, was exclusively devoted to foreign policy and included this same philosophy, as well as a commitment to foreign trade and the United Nations.

question: What war did Eisenhower want to end as president?, answer: Korean | question: What type of cabinet meeting did Eisenhower hold for the first time ever?, answer: pre-inaugural | question: Policy in regard to what country was discussed at Eisenhower's first cabinet meeting?, answer: Russia | question: What type of policy was the focus of Eisenhower's inaugural address?, answer: foreign
Prior to moving its headquarters to Chicago, aerospace manufacturer Boeing (#30) was the largest company based in Seattle. Its largest division is still headquartered in nearby Renton, and the company has large aircraft manufacturing plants in Everett and Renton, so it remains the largest private employer in the Seattle metropolitan area. Former Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels announced a desire to spark a new economic boom driven by the biotechnology industry in 2006. Major redevelopment of the South Lake Union neighborhood is underway, in an effort to attract new and established biotech companies to the city, joining biotech companies Corixa (acquired by GlaxoSmithKline), Immunex (now part of Amgen), Trubion, and ZymoGenetics. Vulcan Inc., the holding company of billionaire Paul Allen, is behind most of the development projects in the region. While some see the new development as an economic boon, others have criticized Nickels and the Seattle City Council for pandering to Allen's interests at taxpayers' expense. Also in 2006, Expansion Magazine ranked Seattle among the top 10 metropolitan areas in the nation for climates favorable to business expansion. In 2005, Forbes ranked Seattle as the most expensive American city for buying a house based on the local income levels. In 2013, however, the magazine ranked Seattle No. 9 on its list of the Best Places for Business and Careers.

question: Before they moved to Chicago, what was the biggest company headquartered in Seattle?, answer: Boeing | question: For what did Forbes rank Seattle the most expensive?, answer: buying a house | question: Where in the Seattle area does Boeing have manufacturing plants?, answer: Everett and Renton | question: Which past mayor of Seattle has been criticized for favoring the rich of industry at the expense of the people?, answer: Mayor Greg Nickels | question: What type of businesses did Nickles want to attract to Seattle?, answer: biotech companies
Prior to the 12th century, women accounted for less than one percent of the world’s Islamic scholars. However, al-Sakhawi and Mohammad Akram Nadwi have since found evidence of over 8,000 female scholars since the 15th century. al-Sakhawi devotes an entire volume of his 12-volume biographical dictionary al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʻ to female scholars, giving information on 1,075 of them. More recently, the scholar Mohammad Akram Nadwi, currently a researcher from the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, has written 40 volumes on the muḥaddithāt (the women scholars of ḥadīth), and found at least 8,000 of them.

question: What percentage of Islamic women were educated before the 1200s?, answer: less than one percent | question: How many female Islamic scholars were on record after the 1400s?, answer: over 8,000 | question: In what book was a section reserved for the study of Islamic female students?, answer: al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʻ | question: How many female students were discussed in the al-Daw' al-Iami?, answer: 1,075
Prior to the 2011–2012 season, Barcelona had a long history of avoiding corporate sponsorship on the playing shirts. On 14 July 2006, the club announced a five-year agreement with UNICEF, which includes having the UNICEF logo on their shirts. The agreement had the club donate €1.5 million per year to UNICEF (0.7 percent of its ordinary income, equal to the UN International Aid Target, cf. ODA) via the FC Barcelona Foundation. The FC Barcelona Foundation is an entity set up in 1994 on the suggestion of then-chairman of the Economical-Statutory Committee, Jaime Gil-Aluja. The idea was to set up a foundation that could attract financial sponsorships to support a non-profit sport company. In 2004, a company could become one of 25 "Honorary members" by contributing between £40,000–60,000 (£54,800–82,300) per year. There are also 48 associate memberships available for an annual fee of £14,000 (£19,200) and an unlimited number of "patronages" for the cost of £4,000 per year (£5,500). It is unclear whether the honorary members have any formal say in club policy, but according to the author Anthony King, it is "unlikely that Honorary Membership would not involve at least some informal influence over the club".

question: What corporate sponsorship did Barcelona agree to in 2006?, answer: UNICEF | question: How much does Barcelona donate to UNICEF per year?, answer: €1.5 million | question: What target does the Barcelona donation to UNICEF match?, answer: UN International Aid Target | question: Who recommended setting up the FC Barcelona Foundation?, answer: Jaime Gil-Aluja | question: What was the Barcelona foundation meant to attract?, answer: financial sponsorships
Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spurred by tetanus outbreaks and deaths caused by the distribution of contaminated smallpox vaccine and diphtheria antitoxin. The Biologics Control Act of 1902 required that federal government grant premarket approval for every biological drug and for the process and facility producing such drugs. This was followed in 1906 by the Pure Food and Drugs Act, which forbade the interstate distribution of adulterated or misbranded foods and drugs. A drug was considered misbranded if it contained alcohol, morphine, opium, cocaine, or any of several other potentially dangerous or addictive drugs, and if its label failed to indicate the quantity or proportion of such drugs. The government's attempts to use the law to prosecute manufacturers for making unsupported claims of efficacy were undercut by a Supreme Court ruling restricting the federal government's enforcement powers to cases of incorrect specification of the drug's ingredients.

question: What Act forbade misbranded drugs?, answer: Pure Food and Drugs Act | question: What caused a Tetanus outbreak?, answer: contaminated smallpox vaccine and diphtheria antitoxin | question: What act allowed premarket approval for drugs?, answer: The Biologics Control Act of 1902 | question: When did the Pure Food and Drugs Act get implemented?, answer: 1906 | question: Who restricted the federal government's enforcement powers?, answer: Supreme Court | question: What was the name of the law that required premarket approval for producing drugs?, answer: Biologics Control Act of 1902 | question: What law banned the interstate distribution of mislabeled food and drugs?, answer: Pure Food and Drugs Act | question: In what year was the Pure Food and Drugs Act passed?, answer: 1906
Prior to the Golden Age of Mandolins, France had a history with the mandolin, with mandolinists playing in Paris until the Napoleonic Wars. The players, teachers and composers included Giovanni Fouchetti, Eduardo Mezzacapo, Gabriele Leon, and Gervasio. During the Golden age itself (1880s-1920s), the mandolin had a strong presence in France. Prominent mandolin players or composers included Jules Cottin and his sister Madeleine Cottin, Jean Pietrapertosa, and Edgar Bara. Paris had dozens of "estudiantina" mandolin orchestras in the early 1900s. Mandolin magazines included L'Estudiantina, Le Plectre, École de la mandolie.

question: Prior to what age did France have a history with the mandolin?, answer: Golden Age of Mandolins | question: Where in France did the mandolinists play?, answer: Paris | question: When did the mandolinists stop playing in Paris?, answer: Napoleonic Wars. | question: Who were the players and composers during this time?, answer: Giovanni Fouchetti, Eduardo Mezzacapo, Gabriele Leon, and Gervasio | question: What years was considered the Golden Age of Mandolins?, answer: 1880s-1920s
Prior to the Reformation, the Polish nobility were mostly either Roman Catholic or Orthodox with a small group of Muslims. Many families, however, soon adopted the Reformed faiths. After the Counter-Reformation, when the Roman Catholic Church regained power in Poland, the nobility became almost exclusively Catholic, despite the fact that Roman Catholicism was not the majority religion in Commonwealth (the Catholic and Orthodox churches each accounted for some 40% of all citizens population, with the remaining 20% being Jews or members of Protestant denominations). In the 18th century, many followers of Jacob Frank joined the ranks of Jewish-descended Polish gentry. Although Jewish religion wasn't usually a pretext to block or deprive of noble status, some laws favoured religious conversion from Judaism to Christianity (see: Neophyte) by rewarding it with ennoblement.

question: What two religions were most common?, answer: Roman Catholic or Orthodox | question: What was the minority group in the polish nobility?, answer: Muslims | question: What was rewarding for switching judiasm to christianity?, answer: ennoblement | question: What happened after the roman catholic church regained power in Poland?, answer: the nobility became almost exclusively Catholic | question: What was the smallest amount of religion in the noble?, answer: Jews
Prior to the designation of immunity from the etymological root immunis, which is Latin for "exempt"; early physicians characterized organs that would later be proven as essential components of the immune system. The important lymphoid organs of the immune system are the thymus and bone marrow, and chief lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, and liver. When health conditions worsen to emergency status, portions of immune system organs including the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues can be surgically excised for examination while patients are still alive.

question: The term immunology is derived from a Latin word that means what?, answer: exempt | question: What are the major organs of the immune system?, answer: thymus and bone marrow, and chief lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, and liver | question: Who originally discovered these parts of the immune system?, answer: early physicians | question: How do physicians study a patient's immune system organs in emergency situations?, answer: surgically excised for examination while patients are still alive | question: Which portions of the immune system can be safely removed in these emergency cases?, answer: thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues
Prior to the emergence of Kievan Rus' in the 9th century AD, the lands between the Baltic Sea and Black Sea were primarily populated by eastern Slavic tribes. In the northern region around Novgorod were the Ilmen Slavs and neighboring Krivichi, who occupied territories surrounding the headwaters of the West Dvina, Dnieper, and Volga Rivers. To their north, in the Ladoga and Karelia regions, were the Finnic Chud tribe. In the south, in the area around Kiev, were the Poliane, a group of Slavicized tribes with Iranian origins, the Drevliane to the west of the Dnieper, and the Severiane to the east. To their north and east were the Vyatichi, and to their south was forested land settled by Slav farmers, giving way to steppelands populated by nomadic herdsmen.

question: Who populated the area between the Baltic Sea and the Black sea before Kievan Rus?, answer: Slavic tribes | question: Where were the Limen Slavs located before Kievan Rus?, answer: Novgorod | question: Where was the Finnic Chud Tripe located curing this time period?, answer: Ladoga and Karelia regions | question: Which tribe resided in the south?, answer: Poliane
Prior to the one-drop rule, different states had different laws regarding color. More importantly, social acceptance often played a bigger role in how a person was perceived and how identity was construed than any law. In frontier areas, there were fewer questions about origins. The community looked at how people performed, whether they served in the militia and voted, which were the responsibilities and signs of free citizens. When questions about racial identity arose because of inheritance issues, for instance, litigation outcomes often were based on how people were accepted by neighbors.

question: What usually played a larger role than laws regarding a person's race?, answer: social acceptance | question: Where did people not ask about racial background?, answer: frontier areas | question: What were the hallmarks of free citizens?, answer: they served in the militia and voted | question: Whos acceptance decided inheritance issues?, answer: neighbors
Prior to the second world war, birth control was prohibited in many countries, and in the United States even the discussion of contraceptive methods sometimes led to prosecution under Comstock laws. The history of the development of oral contraceptives is thus closely tied to the birth control movement and the efforts of activists Margaret Sanger, Mary Dennett, and Emma Goldman. Based on fundamental research performed by Gregory Pincus and synthetic methods for progesterone developed by Carl Djerassi at Syntex and by Frank Colton at G.D. Searle & Co., the first oral contraceptive, Enovid, was developed by E.D. Searle and Co. and approved by the FDA in 1960. The original formulation incorporated vastly excessive doses of hormones, and caused severe side effects. Nonetheless, by 1962, 1.2 million American women were on the pill, and by 1965 the number had increased to 6.5 million. The availability of a convenient form of temporary contraceptive led to dramatic changes in social mores including expanding the range of lifestyle options available to women, reducing the reliance of women on men for contraceptive practice, encouraging the delay of marriage, and increasing pre-marital co-habitation.

question: What law prohibited birth control?, answer: Comstock laws | question: When was Enovid first approved?, answer: 1960 | question: What increased due to the availability of birth control?, answer: pre-marital co-habitation | question: Who created the first oral birth control?, answer: E.D. Searle and Co | question: In 1965, how many women were on the birth control pill?, answer: 6.5 million | question: Discussing contraception sometimes led to prosecution under what laws?, answer: Comstock laws | question: What was the name of the first oral contraceptive?, answer: Enovid | question: By 1965, about how many American women were taking Enovid?, answer: 6.5 million | question: When did the FDA approve Enovid?, answer: 1960 | question: Birth control was prohibited in most countries before what war?, answer: second world war
Private CBC affiliates are not as common as they were in the past, as many such stations have been purchased either by the CBC itself or by Canwest Global or CHUM Limited, respectively becoming E! or A-Channel (later A, now CTV Two) stations. One private CBC affiliate, CHBC-TV in Kelowna, joined E! (then known as CH) on February 27, 2006. When a private CBC affiliate reaffiliates with another network, the CBC has normally added a retransmitter of its nearest O&O station to ensure that CBC service is continued. However, due to an agreement between CHBC and CFJC-TV in Kamloops, CFJC also disaffiliated from the CBC on February 27, 2006, but no retransmitters were installed in the licence area. Former private CBC affiliates CKPG-TV Prince George and CHAT-TV Medicine Hat disaffiliated on August 31, 2008 and joined E!, but the CBC announced it will not add new retransmitters to these areas. Incidentally, CFJC, CKPG and CHAT are all owned by an independent media company, Jim Pattison Group. With the closure of E! and other changes in the media landscape, several former CBC affiliates have since joined City or Global, or closed altogether.

question: Which CBC affiliate joined E! in February 2006?, answer: CHBC-TV in Kelowna | question: Which affiliate left CBC due to an agreement with CHBC?, answer: CFJC-TV in Kamloops | question: What two affiliates joined E! in late August, 2008 after which transmitters were not replaced?, answer: CKPG-TV Prince George and CHAT-TV Medicine Hat | question: CJFC, CHAT, and CKPG are owned by whom?, answer: Jim Pattison Group
Private career and technology education schools in Oklahoma City include Oklahoma Technology Institute, Platt College, Vatterott College, and Heritage College. The Dale Rogers Training Center in Oklahoma City is a nonprofit vocational training center for individuals with disabilities.

question: What center is a nonprofit training center for disabled people?, answer: The Dale Rogers Training Center
Prizes are awarded on the results of trials (internal exams), GCSE and AS-levels. In addition, many subjects and activities have specially endowed prizes, several of which are awarded by visiting experts. The most prestigious is the Newcastle Scholarship, awarded on the strength of an examination, consisting of two papers in philosophical theology, moral theory and applied ethics. Also of note are the Gladstone Memorial Prize and the Coutts Prize, awarded on the results of trials and AS-level examinations in C; and the Huxley Prize, awarded for a project on a scientific subject. Other specialist prizes include the Newcastle Classical Prize; the Rosebery Exhibition for History; the Queen’s Prizes for French and German; the Duke of Newcastle’s Russian Prize; the Beddington Spanish Prize; the Strafford and Bowman Shakespeare Prizes; the Tomline and Russell Prizes in Mathematics; the Sotheby Prize for History of Art; the Waddington Prize for Theology and Philosophy; the Birley Prize for History; The Lower Boy Rosebery Prize and the Wilder Prize for Theology. Prizes are awarded too for excellence in such activities as painting, sculpture, ceramics, playing musical instruments, musical composition, declamation, silverwork, and design.

question: For what is the Huxley prize awarded?, answer: a project on a scientific subject | question: Which two prizes are dedicated to mathematics?, answer: Tomline and Russell | question: What artistic accomplishments can earn students a prize?, answer: painting, sculpture, ceramics, playing musical instruments, musical composition, declamation, silverwork, and design | question: Are trials considered internal or external exams?, answer: internal
Probably the most devastating strike occurred on the evening of 29 December, when German aircraft attacked the City of London itself with incendiary and high explosive bombs, causing a firestorm that has been called the Second Great Fire of London. The first group to use these incendiaries was Kampfgruppe 100 which despatched 10 "pathfinder" He 111s. At 18:17, it released the first of 10,000 fire bombs, eventually amounting to 300 dropped per minute. Altogether, 130 German bombers destroyed the historical centre of London. Civilian casualties on London throughout the Blitz amounted to 28,556 killed, and 25,578 wounded. The Luftwaffe had dropped 18,291 short tons (16,593 t) of bombs.

question: On what day was London itself attacked?, answer: the evening of 29 December | question: What group was the first to use incendiaries?, answer: Kampfgruppe 100 | question: How many fire bombs were dropped per minute?, answer: 300 | question: How many civilians were killed in the bombing?, answer: 28,556 killed | question: The Luftwaffe dropped how many short tons of bombs?, answer: 18,291 short tons
Probably the most influential single device on the interpretation of these characters was the Teletype Model 33 ASR, which was a printing terminal with an available paper tape reader/punch option. Paper tape was a very popular medium for long-term program storage until the 1980s, less costly and in some ways less fragile than magnetic tape. In particular, the Teletype Model 33 machine assignments for codes 17 (Control-Q, DC1, also known as XON), 19 (Control-S, DC3, also known as XOFF), and 127 (Delete) became de facto standards. The Model 33 was also notable for taking the description of Control-G (BEL, meaning audibly alert the operator) literally as the unit contained an actual bell which it rang when it received a BEL character. Because the keytop for the O key also showed a left-arrow symbol (from ASCII-1963, which had this character instead of underscore), a noncompliant use of code 15 (Control-O, Shift In) interpreted as "delete previous character" was also adopted by many early timesharing systems but eventually became neglected.

question: What was the most influential device that interpretated the characters?, answer: Teletype Model 33 ASR | question: What was the Teletype Model 33 ASR?, answer: a printing terminal with an available paper tape reader/punch option | question: When was paper tape popular?, answer: until the 1980s | question: Why was paper tape better than magnetic tape?, answer: less costly and in some ways less fragile | question: What code eventually became neglected?, answer: code 15 (Control-O, Shift In)
Problems with the 10NES lockout chip frequently resulted in the console's most infamous problem: the blinking red power light, in which the system appears to turn itself on and off repeatedly because the 10NES would reset the console once per second. The lockout chip required constant communication with the chip in the game to work. Dirty, aging and bent connectors would often disrupt the communication, resulting in the blink effect. Alternatively, the console would turn on but only show a solid white, gray, or green screen. Users attempted to solve this problem by blowing air onto the cartridge connectors, inserting the cartridge just far enough to get the ZIF to lower, licking the edge connector, slapping the side of the system after inserting a cartridge, shifting the cartridge from side to side after insertion, pushing the ZIF up and down repeatedly, holding the ZIF down lower than it should have been, and cleaning the connectors with alcohol. These attempted solutions often became notable in their own right and are often remembered alongside the NES. Many of the most frequent attempts to fix this problem instead ran the risk of damaging the cartridge and/or system.[citation needed] In 1989, Nintendo released an official NES Cleaning Kit to help users clean malfunctioning cartridges and consoles.

question: What was the console's most common problem?, answer: blinking red power light | question: The 10NES would reset the system how often?, answer: once per second | question: What disrupted the communication as well?, answer: Dirty, aging and bent connectors | question: What was one example of what users did to combat the blinking problem?, answer: blowing air onto the cartridge connectors | question: When did Nintendo release a cleaning kit?, answer: 1989