lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in western Sichuan are populated by Tibetans and Qiang people. Tibetans speak the Khams and Amdo Tibetan, which are Tibetic languages, as well as various Qiangic languages. The Qiang speak Qiangic languages and often Tibetic languages as well. The Yi people of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in southern Sichuan speak the Nuosu language, which is one of the Lolo-Burmese languages; Yi is written using the Yi script, a syllabary standardized in 1974. The Southwest University for Nationalities has one of China's most prominent Tibetology departments, and the Southwest Minorities Publishing House prints literature in minority languages. In the minority inhabited regions of Sichuan, there is bi-lingual signage and public school instruction in non-Mandarin minority languages.

question: What are the largest minorities of western Sichuan?, answer: Tibetans and Qiang | question: What languages do Tibetans in Sichuan speak?, answer: Khams and Amdo Tibetan | question: What language do the Yi people speak?, answer: Nuosu | question: In what year was the language of the Yi people standardized?, answer: 1974 | question: Which University houses one of China's most prominent Tibetology departments?, answer: Southwest University for Nationalities
Gay and lesbian people can have sexual relationships with someone of the opposite sex for a variety of reasons, including the desire for a perceived traditional family and concerns of discrimination and religious ostracism. While some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses, others develop positive gay and lesbian identities while maintaining successful heterosexual marriages. Coming out of the closet to oneself, a spouse of the opposite sex, and children can present challenges that are not faced by gay and lesbian people who are not married to people of the opposite sex or do not have children.

question: What is one reason that a homosexual would engage in heterosexual behavior?, answer: desire for a perceived traditional family | question: What is one reason that a homosexual would engage in heterosexual behavior?, answer: concerns of discrimination | question: What is one reason that a homosexual would engage in heterosexual behavior?, answer: religious ostracism | question: What is a possible scenario that can occur when a closeted homosexual is in a heterosexual relationship?, answer: develop positive gay and lesbian identities while maintaining successful heterosexual marriages | question: What is a possible scenario that can occur when a closeted homosexual is in a heterosexual relationship?, answer: hide their respective orientations from their spouses | question: What are some things that can cause a homosexual person to be with the opposite sex?, answer: desire for a perceived traditional family and concerns of discrimination and religious ostracism | question: Can a homosexual person still grow their sexual identiries while with the opposit sex?, answer: others develop positive gay and lesbian identities while maintaining successful heterosexual marriages | question: What kind of hardships can a homosexual face when admitting their ssexuality while in a heterosexual marriage?, answer: Coming out of the closet to oneself, a spouse of the opposite sex, and children | question: Can a homosexual person hide their true idenitys?, answer: some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses
Gearless traction machines are low-speed (low-RPM), high-torque electric motors powered either by AC or DC. In this case, the drive sheave is directly attached to the end of the motor. Gearless traction elevators can reach speeds of up to 20 m/s (4,000 ft/min), A brake is mounted between the motor and gearbox or between the motor and drive sheave or at the end of the drive sheave to hold the elevator stationary at a floor. This brake is usually an external drum type and is actuated by spring force and held open electrically; a power failure will cause the brake to engage and prevent the elevator from falling (see inherent safety and safety engineering). But it can also be some form of disc type like 1 or more calipers over a disc in one end of the motor shaft or drive sheave which is used in high speed, high rise and large capacity elevators with machine rooms(an exception is the Kone MonoSpace's EcoDisc which is not high speed, high rise and large capacity and is machine room less but it uses the same design as is a thinner version of a conventional gearless traction machine) for breaking power, compactness and redundancy(assuming there's at least 2 calipers on the disc), or 1 or more disc brakes with a single caliper at one end of the motor shaft or drive sheave which is used in machine room less elevators for compactness, breaking power, and redundancy(assuming there's 2 brakes or more).

question: In a gearless traction engine, what is the drive sheave attached to?, answer: directly attached to the end of the motor | question: What speed is a gearless traction elevator capable of attaining?, answer: 20 m/s (4,000 ft/min) | question: What motivates an external drum brake held open electrically?, answer: spring force | question: One exception that is not high speed high rise and large capacity is what?, answer: Kone MonoSpace's EcoDisc
Gellius says that in his day humanitas is commonly used as a synonym for philanthropy – or kindness and benevolence toward one's fellow human being. Gellius maintains that this common usage is wrong, and that model writers of Latin, such as Cicero and others, used the word only to mean what we might call "humane" or "polite" learning, or the Greek equivalent Paideia. Gellius became a favorite author in the Italian Renaissance, and, in fifteenth-century Italy, teachers and scholars of philosophy, poetry, and rhetoric were called and called themselves "humanists". Modern scholars, however, point out that Cicero (106 – 43 BCE), who was most responsible for defining and popularizing the term humanitas, in fact frequently used the word in both senses, as did his near contemporaries. For Cicero, a lawyer, what most distinguished humans from brutes was speech, which, allied to reason, could (and should) enable them to settle disputes and live together in concord and harmony under the rule of law. Thus humanitas included two meanings from the outset and these continue in the modern derivative, humanism, which even today can refer to both humanitarian benevolence and to scholarship.

question: What was humanism once considered the same as?, answer: philanthropy | question: Who has disagreed with this connotation of the word?, answer: Gellius | question: In which period did Gellius gain fame?, answer: Italian Renaissance | question: Who is credited with clarifying and making the term humanitas commonplace?, answer: Cicero | question: What is the characteristic that most separates humans from animals?, answer: speech
Gender identity forms an important part of identity in psychology, as it dictates to a significant degree how one views oneself both as a person and in relation to other people, ideas and nature. Other aspects of identity, such as racial, religious, ethnic, occupational… etc. may also be more or less significant – or significant in some situations but not in others (Weinreich & Saunderson 2003 pp26–34). In cognitive psychology, the term "identity" refers to the capacity for self-reflection and the awareness of self.(Leary & Tangney 2003, p. 3)

question: What is identified as determining how a person views him or herself to a significant degree?, answer: Gender identity | question: What are racial, religious, ethnic, and occupational aspects aspects of?, answer: identity | question: Identity refers to the capacity for self-reflection and awareness in what scientific study?, answer: cognitive psychology
Gene nomenclature has been established by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) for each known human gene in the form of an approved gene name and symbol (short-form abbreviation), which can be accessed through a database maintained by HGNC. Symbols are chosen to be unique, and each gene has only one symbol (although approved symbols sometimes change). Symbols are preferably kept consistent with other members of a gene family and with homologs in other species, particularly the mouse due to its role as a common model organism.

question: What committee has established gene nomenclature for every known human gene?, answer: HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) | question: How can the gene nomenclature be accessed?, answer: through a database maintained by HGNC | question: How many symbols does each gene have?, answer: only one | question: With what is it preferred that symbols are kept consistent with?, answer: homologs in other species | question: What type of model does the mouse play a role for?, answer: common model
General Aguirre moved to the deserts of the southeastern portion of the state and defeated the French forces in Parral, led by Colonel Cottret. By the middle of 1866, the state of Chihuahua was declared free of enemy control; Parral was the last French stronghold within the state. On June 17, 1866, President Juárez arrived in Chihuahua City and remained in the capital until December 10, 1866. During his two years in the state of Chihuahua, President Juárez passed ordinances regarding the rights of adjudication of property and nationalized the property of the clergy. The distance of the French forces and their allies allowed the Ministry of War, led by General Negrete, to reorganize the state's national guard into the Patriotic Battalion of Chihuahua, which was deployed to fight in the battle of Matamoros, Tamaulipas against the French. After a series of major defeats and an escalating threat from Prussia, France began pulling troops out of Mexico in late 1866. Disillusioned with the liberal political views of Maximilian, the Mexican conservatives abandoned him, and in 1867 the last of the Emperor's forces were defeated. Maximilian was sentenced to death by a military court; despite national and international pleas for amnesty, Juárez refused to commute the sentence. Maximilian was executed by firing squad on June 19, 1867.

question: Where did Aguirre defeat the French forces?, answer: Parral | question: Who had been leading the French forces?, answer: Colonel Cottret | question: During which year was Chihuahua declared free of enemy control?, answer: 1866 | question: Who passed laws regarding rights of adjudication of property?, answer: President Juárez | question: Who was executed by firing squad on June 19, 1867?, answer: Maximilian
General Bonaparte and his expedition eluded pursuit by the Royal Navy and landed at Alexandria on 1 July. He fought the Battle of Shubra Khit against the Mamluks, Egypt's ruling military caste. This helped the French practice their defensive tactic for the Battle of the Pyramids, fought on 21 July, about 24 km (15 mi) from the pyramids. General Bonaparte's forces of 25,000 roughly equalled those of the Mamluks' Egyptian cavalry. Twenty-nine French and approximately 2,000 Egyptians were killed. The victory boosted the morale of the French army.

question: Before landing at Alexandria, Napoleon succeeded in evading what military entity?, answer: the Royal Navy | question: On what date did Napoleon land at Alexandria?, answer: 1 July | question: What battle did Napoleon fight against the Mamluks?, answer: the Battle of Shubra Khit | question: What was the name of Egypt's dominant military class?, answer: the Mamluks | question: Roughly how many Egyptians lost their lives in the Battle of the Pyramids?, answer: 2,000
General Dong Zhuo (d. 192 AD) found the young emperor and his brother wandering in the countryside. He escorted them safely back to the capital and was made Minister of Works, taking control of Luoyang and forcing Yuan Shao to flee. After Dong Zhuo demoted Emperor Shao and promoted his brother Liu Xie as Emperor Xian, Yuan Shao led a coalition of former officials and officers against Dong, who burned Luoyang to the ground and resettled the court at Chang'an in May 191 AD. Dong Zhuo later poisoned Emperor Shao.

question: How was Luoyang destroyed?, answer: burned | question: Who demoted Emperor Shao?, answer: Dong Zhuo | question: What position would the young Liu Xie eventually be promoted to?, answer: Emperor Xian | question: Who had taken control of Luoyang?, answer: General Dong Zhuo | question: When did Dong Zhuo die?, answer: 192 AD
General Electric heavily contaminated the Hudson River with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) between 1947-77. This pollution caused a range of harmful effects to wildlife and people who eat fish from the river or drink the water. In response to this contamination, activists protested in various ways. Musician Pete Seeger founded the Hudson River Sloop Clearwater and the Clearwater Festival to draw attention to the problem. The activism led to the site being designated by the EPA as one of the superfund sites requiring extensive cleanup. Other sources of pollution, including mercury contamination and sewage dumping, have also contributed to problems in the Hudson River watershed.

question: In what time period did GE pollute the Hudson River with PCBs?, answer: 1947-77 | question: Who founded the Hudson River Sloop Clearwater and the Clearwater Festival to bring attention to the pollution caused by GE?, answer: Pete Seeger | question: What does PCB stand for?, answer: polychlorinated biphenyls | question: What designation did the EPA give to the site of GE's Hudson River pollution, answer: superfund | question: What other types of pollution have contaminated the Hudson River watershed?, answer: mercury contamination and sewage dumping
General Electric switched to use the ASA scale in 1946. Meters manufactured since February 1946 were equipped with the ASA scale (labeled "Exposure Index") already. For some of the older meters with scales in "Film Speed" or "Film Value" (e.g. models DW-48, DW-49 as well as early DW-58 and GW-68 variants), replaceable hoods with ASA scales were available from the manufacturer. The company continued to publish recommended film values after that date, however, they were now aligned to the ASA scale.

question: Which company adopted the ASA scale in 1946?, answer: General Electric | question: Beginning what year were cameras built with the ASA meter?, answer: 1946 | question: How did older models convert to ASA scale?, answer: replaceable hoods with ASA scales | question: How was the ASA scale shown on models built after 1946?, answer: labeled "Exposure Index" | question: What were recommended film values lined up with after 1946?, answer: they were now aligned to the ASA scale
General Francisco Franco — himself a Galician from Ferrol — ruled as dictator from the civil war until his death in 1975. Franco's centralizing regime suppressed any official use of the Galician language, including the use of Galician names for newborns, although its everyday oral use was not forbidden. Among the attempts at resistance were small leftist guerrilla groups such as those led by José Castro Veiga ("El Piloto") and Benigno Andrade ("Foucellas"), both of whom were ultimately captured and executed. In the 1960s, ministers such as Manuel Fraga Iribarne introduced some reforms allowing technocrats affiliated with Opus Dei to modernize administration in a way that facilitated capitalist economic development. However, for decades Galicia was largely confined to the role of a supplier of raw materials and energy to the rest of Spain, causing environmental havoc and leading to a wave of migration to Venezuela and to various parts of Europe. Fenosa, the monopolistic supplier of electricity, built hydroelectric dams, flooding many Galician river valleys.

question: Francisco Franco was himself a Galician from which city?, answer: Ferrol | question: When did his reign end?, answer: 1975 | question: What was Guerrilla fighter José Castro Veiga's nickname?, answer: El Piloto | question: And what was Benigno Andrade's?, answer: Foucellas
General Frossard's II Corps and Marshal Bazaine's III Corps crossed the German border on 2 August, and began to force the Prussian 40th Regiment of the 16th Infantry Division from the town of Saarbrücken with a series of direct attacks. The Chassepot rifle proved its worth against the Dreyse rifle, with French riflemen regularly outdistancing their Prussian counterparts in the skirmishing around Saarbrücken. However the Prussians resisted strongly, and the French suffered 86 casualties to the Prussian 83 casualties. Saarbrücken also proved to be a major obstacle in terms of logistics. Only one railway there led to the German hinterland but could be easily defended by a single force, and the only river systems in the region ran along the border instead of inland. While the French hailed the invasion as the first step towards the Rhineland and later Berlin, General Le Bœuf and Napoleon III were receiving alarming reports from foreign news sources of Prussian and Bavarian armies massing to the southeast in addition to the forces to the north and northeast.

question: On which date did Frossard's and Bazaines's troops cross the German border?, answer: 2 August | question: What proved its worth against the Dreyse rifle?, answer: The Chassepot rifle | question: Which regiment did their respective corps force from the town of Saarbrucken?, answer: the Prussian 40th Regiment of the 16th Infantry Division | question: How many casualties did the French suffer at Saarbrucken?, answer: 86 casualties | question: How many casualties did the Prussians suffer at Saarbrucken?, answer: 83 casualties
General George Washington (1732–99) proved an excellent organizer and administrator, who worked successfully with Congress and the state governors, selecting and mentoring his senior officers, supporting and training his troops, and maintaining an idealistic Republican Army. His biggest challenge was logistics, since neither Congress nor the states had the funding to provide adequately for the equipment, munitions, clothing, paychecks, or even the food supply of the soldiers. As a battlefield tactician Washington was often outmaneuvered by his British counterparts. As a strategist, however, he had a better idea of how to win the war than they did. The British sent four invasion armies. Washington's strategy forced the first army out of Boston in 1776, and was responsible for the surrender of the second and third armies at Saratoga (1777) and Yorktown (1781). He limited the British control to New York and a few places while keeping Patriot control of the great majority of the population. The Loyalists, on whom the British had relied too heavily, comprised about 20% of the population but never were well organized. As the war ended, Washington watched proudly as the final British army quietly sailed out of New York City in November 1783, taking the Loyalist leadership with them. Washington astonished the world when, instead of seizing power, he retired quietly to his farm in Virginia.

question: What was the biggest problem General Washington faced?, answer: logistics | question: Where were the two major surrenders of British forces in the war?, answer: Saratoga (1777) and Yorktown (1781) | question: What percentage of the Colonial population were loyal to the Crown?, answer: 20% | question: What did Washington do after defeating the British Army?, answer: he retired quietly to his farm in Virginia. | question: What advantage did Washington have over the British generals?, answer: he had a better idea of how to win the war than they did
General Ridgway was appointed Supreme Commander, Korea; he regrouped the UN forces for successful counterattacks, while General James Van Fleet assumed command of the U.S. Eighth Army. Further attacks slowly depleted the PVA and KPA forces; Operations Courageous (23–28 March 1951) and Tomahawk (23 March 1951) were a joint ground and airborne infilltration meant to trap Chinese forces between Kaesong and Seoul. UN forces advanced to "Line Kansas", north of the 38th parallel. The 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team's ("Rakkasans") second of two combat jumps was on Easter Sunday, 1951, at Munsan-ni, South Korea, codenamed Operation Tomahawk. The mission was to get behind Chinese forces and block their movement north. The 60th Indian Parachute Field Ambulance provided the medical cover for the operations, dropping an ADS and a surgical team and treating over 400 battle casualties apart from the civilian casualties that formed the core of their objective as the unit was on a humanitarian mission.

question: Who was appointed Supreme Commander in Korea after the removal of General MacArthur?, answer: General Ridgway | question: What was the goal of Operation Tomahawk?, answer: get behind Chinese forces and block their movement north | question: Who was responsible for supply humanitarian aid to civilians?, answer: The 60th Indian Parachute Field Ambulance | question: Under the guidance of Generals Van Fleet and Ridgway, joint forces were able to achieve what goal?, answer: depleted the PVA and KPA forces
General gymnastics enables people of all ages and abilities to participate in performance groups of 6 to more than 150 athletes. They perform synchronized, choreographed routines. Troupes may consist of both genders and are not separated into age divisions. The largest general gymnastics exhibition is the quadrennial World Gymnaestrada which was first held in 1939. In 1984 Gymnastics for All was officially recognized first as a Sport Program by the FIG (International Gymnastic Federation), and subsequently by national gymnastic federations worldwide with participants that now number 30 million.

question: What kind of routines do general gymnastic groups perform?, answer: synchronized, choreographed routines | question: What do the troupes consist of?, answer: of both genders and are not separated into age divisions | question: When was the first World Gymnaestrada held?, answer: 1939 | question: What was the first Sport Program recongized by FIG?, answer: Gymnastics for All | question: How many participants are there?, answer: 30 million
General-in-Chief He Jin (d. 189 AD), half-brother to Empress He (d. 189 AD), plotted with Yuan Shao (d. 202 AD) to overthrow the eunuchs by having several generals march to the outskirts of the capital. There, in a written petition to Empress He, they demanded the eunuchs' execution. After a period of hesitation, Empress He consented. When the eunuchs discovered this, however, they had her brother He Miao (何苗) rescind the order. The eunuchs assassinated He Jin on September 22, 189 AD. Yuan Shao then besieged Luoyang's Northern Palace while his brother Yuan Shu (d. 199 AD) besieged the Southern Palace. On September 25 both palaces were breached and approximately two thousand eunuchs were killed. Zhang Rang had previously fled with Emperor Shao (r. 189 AD) and his brother Liu Xie—the future Emperor Xian of Han (r. 189–220 AD). While being pursued by the Yuan brothers, Zhang committed suicide by jumping into the Yellow River.

question: Who was assassinated on September 22, 189 AD?, answer: He Jin | question: Who agreed to the execuation of the eunuchs?, answer: Empress He | question: Who negated the execution order on the eunuchs?, answer: He Miao | question: Who was the family member that Emperor Shao escaped with?, answer: Liu Xie | question: What did General-in-Chief He petition Empress He for?, answer: the eunuchs' execution