lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
The late 1980s saw a series of liberalising economic reforms within Libya designed to cope with the decline in oil revenues. In May 1987, Gaddafi announced the start of the "Revolution within a Revolution", which began with reforms to industry and agriculture and saw the re-opening of small business. Restrictions were placed on the activities of the Revolutionary Committees; in March 1988, their role was narrowed by the newly created Ministry for Mass Mobilization and Revolutionary Leadership to restrict their violence and judicial role, while in August 1988 Gaddafi publicly criticised them, asserting that "they deviated, harmed, tortured" and that "the true revolutionary does not practise repression." In March, hundreds of political prisoners were freed, with Gaddafi falsely claiming that there were no further political prisoners in Libya. In June, Libya's government issued the Great Green Charter on Human Rights in the Era of the Masses, in which 27 articles laid out goals, rights and guarantees to improve the situation of human rights in Libya, restricting the use of the death penalty and calling for its eventual abolition. Many of the measures suggested in the charter would be implemented the following year, although others remained inactive. Also in 1989, the government founded the Al-Gaddafi International Prize for Human Rights, to be awarded to figures from the Third World who had struggled against colonialism and imperialism; the first year's winner was South African anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela. From 1994 through to 1997, the government initiated cleansing committees to root out corruption, particularly in the economic sector.

question: In what year did the "Revolution within a Revolution" begin?, answer: 1987 | question: In what year was the Ministry for Mass Mobilization and Revolutionary Leadership created?, answer: 1988 | question: How many articles were contained in the Great Green Charter on Human Rights in the Era of the Masses?, answer: 27 | question: Who won the Al-Gaddafi International Prize for Human Rights in 1989?, answer: Nelson Mandela | question: What was Mandela's nationality?, answer: South African
The late Georgian period saw the birth of the semi-detached house, planned systematically, as a suburban compromise between the terraced houses of the city and the detached "villas" further out, where land was cheaper. There had been occasional examples in town centres going back to medieval times. Most early suburban examples are large, and in what are now the outer fringes of Central London, but were then in areas being built up for the first time. Blackheath, Chalk Farm and St John's Wood are among the areas contesting being the original home of the semi. Sir John Summerson gave primacy to the Eyre Estate of St John's Wood. A plan for this exists dated 1794, where "the whole development consists of pairs of semi-detached houses, So far as I know, this is the first recorded scheme of the kind". In fact the French Wars put an end to this scheme, but when the development was finally built it retained the semi-detached form, "a revolution of striking significance and far-reaching effect".

question: What cities contest to being the original home of the semi?, answer: Blackheath, Chalk Farm and St John's Wood | question: A plan for a semi-detached houses was dated for what year?, answer: 1794 | question: Who conferred primacy to the Eyre Estate of St John's Wood?, answer: Sir John Summerson | question: What put an end to the scheme of semi-detached houses?, answer: the French Wars
The late nineteenth century also brought the systematic study of color theory, and particularly the study of how complementary colors such as red and green reinforced each other when they were placed next to each other. These studies were avidly followed by artists such as Vincent van Gogh. Describing his painting, The Night Cafe, to his brother Theo in 1888, Van Gogh wrote: "I sought to express with red and green the terrible human passions. The hall is blood red and pale yellow, with a green billiard table in the center, and four lamps of lemon yellow, with rays of orange and green. Everywhere it is a battle and antithesis of the most different reds and greens."

question: When did the systematic study of color theory begin?, answer: late nineteenth century | question: Who painted The Night Cafe?, answer: Vincent van Gogh | question: What type of colors are red and green?, answer: complementary
The lateral cut NAB curve was remarkably similar to the NBC Orthacoustic curve that evolved from practices within the National Broadcasting Company since the mid-1930s. Empirically, and not by any formula, it was learned that the bass end of the audio spectrum below 100 Hz could be boosted somewhat to override system hum and turntable rumble noises. Likewise at the treble end beginning at 1,000 Hz, if audio frequencies were boosted by 16 dB at 10,000 Hz the delicate sibilant sounds of speech and high overtones of musical instruments could survive the noise level of cellulose acetate, lacquer/aluminum, and vinyl disc media. When the record was played back using a complementary inverse curve, signal-to-noise ratio was improved and the programming sounded more lifelike.

question: What bass settings were needed to eliminate hum?, answer: below 100 Hz | question: What helped cause the most life like sound?, answer: using a complementary inverse curve | question: How did the NBC Othacoustic curve relate to the NAB curve?, answer: remarkably similar | question: What was a benefit to broadcasters of recording standards?, answer: programming sounded more lifelike.
The law of civil procedure governs process in all judicial proceedings involving lawsuits between private parties. Traditional common law pleading was replaced by code pleading in 24 states after New York enacted the Field Code in 1850 and code pleading in turn was subsequently replaced again in most states by modern notice pleading during the 20th century. The old English division between common law and equity courts was abolished in the federal courts by the adoption of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in 1938; it has also been independently abolished by legislative acts in nearly all states. The Delaware Court of Chancery is the most prominent of the small number of remaining equity courts.

question: What is over all judicial proceedings involving private party lawsuits?, answer: The law of civil procedure | question: What did New York enact that replaced traditional common law proceeding?, answer: code pleading | question: What was code pleading ultimately replaced by?, answer: modern notice pleading | question: When did code pleading get replaced by modern notice pleading?, answer: 20th century | question: What did the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure abolish?, answer: The old English division between common law and equity courts
The law of criminal procedure in the United States consists of a massive overlay of federal constitutional case law interwoven with the federal and state statutes that actually provide the foundation for the creation and operation of law enforcement agencies and prison systems as well as the proceedings in criminal trials. Due to the perennial inability of legislatures in the U.S. to enact statutes that would actually force law enforcement officers to respect the constitutional rights of criminal suspects and convicts, the federal judiciary gradually developed the exclusionary rule as a method to enforce such rights. In turn, the exclusionary rule spawned a family of judge-made remedies for the abuse of law enforcement powers, of which the most famous is the Miranda warning. The writ of habeas corpus is often used by suspects and convicts to challenge their detention, while the Civil Rights Act of 1871 and Bivens actions are used by suspects to recover tort damages for police brutality.

question: What makes up the law of criminal procedure?, answer: federal constitutional case law interwoven with the federal and state statutes | question: What did the exclusionary rule provide for?, answer: inability of legislatures in the U.S. to enact statutes that would actually force law enforcement officers to respect the constitutional rights | question: What might a suspect use to challenge their detention?, answer: writ of habeas corpus | question: What must a police officer recite to a suspect upon arrest/, answer: Miranda warning | question: What acts cover tort damages from police brutality cases?, answer: Civil Rights Act of 1871 and Bivens actions
The law of the Eastern Catholic Churches in full union with Rome was in much the same state as that of the Latin or Western Church before 1917; much more diversity in legislation existed in the various Eastern Catholic Churches. Each had its own special law, in which custom still played an important part. In 1929 Pius XI informed the Eastern Churches of his intention to work out a Code for the whole of the Eastern Church. The publication of these Codes for the Eastern Churches regarding the law of persons was made between 1949 through 1958 but finalized nearly 30 years later.

question: Prior to 1917, what church was in a similar situation as the Eastern Catholic Churches as regards its legal system?, answer: the Latin or Western Church | question: What was different about the Eastern Churches compared with the Western?, answer: more diversity in legislation | question: What was still a main factor in the Eastern Church laws?, answer: custom | question: When did Pius XI announce his goal of codifying the law of all Eastern Churches?, answer: 1929 | question: During what time period were the Codes for Eastern Churches made available, prior to the final version?, answer: 1949 through 1958
The law of the United States comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law, of which the most important is the United States Constitution, the foundation of the federal government of the United States. The Constitution sets out the boundaries of federal law, which consists of acts of Congress, treaties ratified by the Senate, regulations promulgated by the executive branch, and case law originating from the federal judiciary. The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of general and permanent federal statutory law.

question: What is the foundation of the United States federal government?, answer: United States Constitution | question: In the Unites States what sets out the boundaries of federal law?, answer: The Constitution | question: What is defined as the official codification of federal statutory law?, answer: The United States Code | question: What is compromised of many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law?, answer: law of the United States | question: The constitution set boundaries for case law that originates from where?, answer: federal judiciary | question: What is the foundation of the U.S. federal government?, answer: the United States Constitution | question: What sets out the boundries of federal law?, answer: The Constitution | question: What two forms of law make up the laws of the United States?, answer: codified and uncodified | question: What is th eofficial compilation of federal statutory law called?, answer: The United States Code | question: What different kinds of law make up the laws of the United States?, answer: codified and uncodified | question: What is the most important document in the US, setting the boundries for all other laws?, answer: the United States Constitution | question: What branch of gevernment is responsible for ratifing treaties?, answer: Senate | question: With branch of government deals with new regulations?, answer: the executive branch | question: Who's responsibility is case law?, answer: the federal judiciary
The laws of the game are determined by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). The Board was formed in 1886 after a meeting in Manchester of The Football Association, the Scottish Football Association, the Football Association of Wales, and the Irish Football Association. FIFA, the international football body, was formed in Paris in 1904 and declared that they would adhere to Laws of the Game of the Football Association. The growing popularity of the international game led to the admittance of FIFA representatives to the International Football Association Board in 1913. The board consists of four representatives from FIFA and one representative from each of the four British associations.

question: What does the abbreviation IFAB stand for?, answer: International Football Association Board | question: What year was the IFAB formed?, answer: 1886 | question: What city was FIFA formed?, answer: Paris | question: How many representatives did FIFA have in the IFAB?, answer: four | question: How many different British associations where part of the IFAB?, answer: four
The layout of the inner suburbs on a largely one-mile grid pattern, cut through by wide radial boulevards, and string of gardens surrounding the central city was largely established in the 1850s and 1860s. These areas were rapidly filled from the mid 1850s by the ubiquitous terrace house, as well as detached houses and some grand mansions in large grounds, while some of the major roads developed as shopping streets. Melbourne quickly became a major finance centre, home to several banks, the Royal Mint, and Australia's first stock exchange in 1861. In 1855 the Melbourne Cricket Club secured possession of its now famous ground, the MCG. Members of the Melbourne Football Club codified Australian football in 1859, and Yarra rowing clubs and "regattas" became popular about the same time. In 1861 the Melbourne Cup was first run. In 1864 Melbourne acquired its first public monument—the Burke and Wills statue.

question: In what two decades was the layout of Melbourne's inner suburbs established?, answer: 1850s and 1860s | question: In what year did the Melbourne Cricket Club secure possession of its now famous ground, the MCG?, answer: 1855 | question: Around what year did Yarra rowing clubs and "regattas" become popular?, answer: 1859 | question: In what year was the Melbourne Cup first run?, answer: 1861 | question: What was the first public monumnet acquired in Melbourne in 1864?, answer: the Burke and Wills statue
The leading Cubist architects were Pavel Janák, Josef Gočár, Vlastislav Hofman, Emil Králíček and Josef Chochol. They worked mostly in Prague but also in other Bohemian towns. The best-known Cubist building is the House of the Black Madonna in the Old Town of Prague built in 1912 by Josef Gočár with the only Cubist café in the world, Grand Café Orient. Vlastislav Hofman built the entrance pavilions of Ďáblice Cemetery in 1912–1914, Josef Chochol designed several residential houses under Vyšehrad. A Cubist streetlamp has also been preserved near the Wenceslas Square, designed by Emil Králíček in 1912, who also built the Diamond House in the New Town of Prague around 1913.

question: Who were the leading Cubist architects?, answer: Pavel Janák, Josef Gočár, Vlastislav Hofman, Emil Králíček and Josef Chochol | question: Where did the leading Cubist architects work?, answer: Prague | question: What is the best known Cubist architecture building?, answer: House of the Black Madonna | question: Where is the House of the Black Madonna located?, answer: Old Town of Prague | question: Who built the House of the Black Madonna?, answer: Vlastislav Hofman
The leading naturalist in Britain was the anatomist Richard Owen, an idealist who had shifted to the view in the 1850s that the history of life was the gradual unfolding of a divine plan. Owen's review of the Origin in the April 1860 Edinburgh Review bitterly attacked Huxley, Hooker and Darwin, but also signalled acceptance of a kind of evolution as a teleological plan in a continuous "ordained becoming", with new species appearing by natural birth. Others that rejected natural selection, but supported "creation by birth", included the Duke of Argyll who explained beauty in plumage by design. Since 1858, Huxley had emphasised anatomical similarities between apes and humans, contesting Owen's view that humans were a separate sub-class. Their disagreement over human origins came to the fore at the British Association for the Advancement of Science meeting featuring the legendary 1860 Oxford evolution debate. In two years of acrimonious public dispute that Charles Kingsley satirised as the "Great Hippocampus Question" and parodied in The Water-Babies as the "great hippopotamus test", Huxley showed that Owen was incorrect in asserting that ape brains lacked a structure present in human brains. Others, including Charles Lyell and Alfred Russel Wallace, thought that humans shared a common ancestor with apes, but higher mental faculties could not have evolved through a purely material process. Darwin published his own explanation in the Descent of Man (1871).

question: Who was the leading naturalist in Britain?, answer: Richard Owen, | question: How did Owen respond to On the Origin of Species with his review?, answer: bitterly attacked Huxley, Hooker and Darwin, but also signalled acceptance of a kind of evolution as a teleological plan in a continuous "ordained becoming" | question: What was the debate between Huxley and Owen concerning humans and apes?, answer: Huxley had emphasised anatomical similarities between apes and humans, contesting Owen's view that humans were a separate sub-class | question: What was the primary debate at the British Association for the Advancement of Science meeting of 1860?, answer: legendary 1860 Oxford evolution debate | question: When did Darwin publish his own explanation of the question of the evolution of man and ape?, answer: Darwin published his own explanation in the Descent of Man (1871)
The league held its first season in 1992–93 and was originally composed of 22 clubs. The first ever Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United. The 22 inaugural members of the new Premier League were Arsenal, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Coventry City, Crystal Palace, Everton, Ipswich Town, Leeds United, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Middlesbrough, Norwich City, Nottingham Forest, Oldham Athletic, Queens Park Rangers, Sheffield United, Sheffield Wednesday, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur, and Wimbledon. Luton Town, Notts County and West Ham United were the three teams relegated from the old first division at the end of the 1991–92 season, and did not take part in the inaugural Premier League season.

question: When did the Premier League hold its first season?, answer: The league held its first season in 1992–93 | question: Originally, how many clubs did the Premier League have?, answer: was originally composed of 22 clubs. | question: Who scored the first ever goal for the Premier League, answer: The first ever Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United. | question: Which blubs were relegated from the old first division at the end of the 1991-1992 season and didn't take part in the first Premier League season?, answer: Luton Town, Notts County and West Ham United were the three teams relegated from the old first division | question: In which years were the first season?, answer: 1992–93 | question: How many clubs originally made up the league?, answer: 22 | question: Who scored the first goal in the Premier League?, answer: Brian Deane | question: For which team was the first goal scored?, answer: Sheffield United | question: Against which team was the first goal scored?, answer: Manchester United
The league's 2016 schedule, announced on the league's website on December 10, 2015, shows an eight-team league playing a 16-game regular season over 18 weeks, with two bye weeks for each team, one on a rotational basis and the other a "universal bye" for all teams during the Independence Day weekend, the first weekend in July. All teams will qualify for the postseason, meaning that the regular season will serve only to establish seeding.

question: On what date did the league announce its schedule for 2016?, answer: December 10, 2015 | question: How many teams are active in the AFL for 2016?, answer: eight | question: How many regular season games will each team play in 2016?, answer: 16 | question: How many weeks will the 2016 regular season last?, answer: 18 | question: On the weekend of what holiday will all teams have a bye?, answer: Independence Day
The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become increasingly important. (Clemency or pardon, through which the Governor or President of the jurisdiction can unilaterally reduce or abrogate a death sentence, is an executive rather than judicial process.) The number of new death sentences handed down peaked in 1995–1996 (309). There were 73 new death sentences handed down in 2014, the lowest number since 1973 (44).

question: In the United States, how many important steps are usually present in the administration of capital punishment?, answer: four | question: Along with the President, what officeholder can issue pardons?, answer: Governor | question: How many death sentences were issued in the period 1995-1996?, answer: 309 | question: How many capital sentences were given in 1973?, answer: 44 | question: In what year were there 73 death penalty convictions?, answer: 2014
The legal process to change the definition of the kilogram is already underway, but it had been decided that no final decision would be made before the next meeting of the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 2011. (For more detailed information, see kilogram definitions.) The Planck constant is a leading contender to form the basis of the new definition, although not the only one. Possible new definitions include "the mass of a body at rest whose equivalent energy equals the energy of photons whose frequencies sum to 7050135639273999999♠135639274×1042 Hz", or simply "the kilogram is defined so that the Planck constant equals 6966662606895999999♠6.62606896×10−34 J⋅s".

question: Where would the decision to change the definition of the kilogram have occured at the earliest?, answer: the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 2011 | question: Was the Planck constant the only option for redefining the kilogram?, answer: The Planck constant is a leading contender to form the basis of the new definition, although not the only one | question: The mass of a resting body with what energy would be equal to a kilogram?, answer: 7050135639273999999♠135639274×1042 Hz | question: A kilogram could be definined as having a Planck constant of what value?, answer: 6966662606895999999♠6.62606896×10−34 J⋅s
The legal status of Roman citizenship was limited and was a vital prerequisite to possessing many important legal rights such as the right to trial and appeal, to marry, to vote, to hold office, to enter binding contracts, and to special tax exemptions. An adult male citizen with the full complement of legal and political rights was called "optimo jure." The optimo jure elected their assemblies, whereupon the assemblies elected magistrates, enacted legislation, presided over trials in capital cases, declared war and peace, and forged or dissolved treaties. There were two types of legislative assemblies. The first was the comitia ("committees"), which were assemblies of all optimo jure. The second was the concilia ("councils"), which were assemblies of specific groups of optimo jure.

question: What was the main requirement of seeking a trial in the Roman courts?, answer: legal status of Roman citizenship | question: Who would be expected to oversee a capital case in the Roman courts?, answer: assemblies | question: Which designation of people made up the entirety of the members of a comitia?, answer: optimo jure | question: Who did the assemblies elected by the optimo jure elect?, answer: magistrates | question: What type of assembly could specific groupings of optimo jure be found in?, answer: concilia