lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Following the unveiling of Windows 8, Microsoft faced criticism (particularly from free software supporters) for mandating that devices receiving its optional certification for Windows 8 have secure boot enabled by default using a key provided by Microsoft. Concerns were raised that secure boot could prevent or hinder the use of alternate operating systems such as Linux. In a post discussing secure boot on the Building Windows 8 blog, Microsoft developer Tony Mangefeste indicated that vendors would provide means to customize secure boot, stating that "At the end of the day, the customer is in control of their PC. Microsoft's philosophy is to provide customers with the best experience first, and allow them to make decisions themselves." Microsoft's certification guidelines for Windows 8 ultimately revealed that vendors would be required to provide means for users to re-configure or disable secure boot in their device's UEFI firmware. It also revealed that ARM devices (Windows RT) would be required to have secure boot permanently enabled, with no way for users to disable it. However, Tom Warren of The Verge noted that other vendors have implemented similar hardware restrictions on their own ARM-based tablet and smartphone products (including those running Microsoft's own Windows Phone platform), but still argued that Microsoft should "keep a consistent approach across ARM and x86, though, not least because of the number of users who'd love to run Android alongside Windows 8 on their future tablets." No mandate is made regarding the installation of third-party certificates that would enable running alternative programs.

question: Who condemned Microsoft for requiring devices to have secure boot enabled by default?, answer: free software supporters | question: What resolution did Microsoft come to in their certificiation guidelines?, answer: vendors would be required to provide means for users to re-configure or disable secure boot | question: Who is Tony Mangefeste?, answer: Microsoft developer | question: What ideology does Microsoft follow?, answer: to provide customers with the best experience first, and allow them to make decisions themselves
Following the war, some of these military airfields added civil facilities for handling passenger traffic. One of the earliest such fields was Paris – Le Bourget Airport at Le Bourget, near Paris. The first airport to operate scheduled international commercial services was Hounslow Heath Aerodrome in August 1919, but it was closed and supplanted by Croydon Airport in March 1920. In 1922, the first permanent airport and commercial terminal solely for commercial aviation was opened at Flughafen Devau near what was then Königsberg, East Prussia. The airports of this era used a paved "apron", which permitted night flying as well as landing heavier aircraft.

question: Following the war, why did some military airfields add civil facilities?, answer: for handling passenger traffic | question: Which airport near Paris was one of the first to add civil facilities for handling passenger traffic?, answer: Le Bourget Airport | question: What was the first airport to operate scheduled international commercial services?, answer: Hounslow Heath Aerodrome | question: When did the Hounslow Heath Aerodrome begin to operate scheduled international commercial services?, answer: August 1919 | question: What did airports use to permit night flying as well as landing heavier aircraft?, answer: a paved "apron"
Following their basic and advanced training at the individual-level, soldiers may choose to continue their training and apply for an "additional skill identifier" (ASI). The ASI allows the army to take a wide ranging MOS and focus it into a more specific MOS. For example, a combat medic, whose duties are to provide pre-hospital emergency treatment, may receive ASI training to become a cardiovascular specialist, a dialysis specialist, or even a licensed practical nurse. For commissioned officers, ASI training includes pre-commissioning training either at USMA, or via ROTC, or by completing OCS. After commissioning, officers undergo branch specific training at the Basic Officer Leaders Course, (formerly called Officer Basic Course), which varies in time and location according their future assignments. Further career development is available through the Army Correspondence Course Program.

question: What does ASI stand for?, answer: additional skill identifier | question: What is are combat medics duties?, answer: provide pre-hospital emergency treatment | question: Where do the officers go to complete their branch specific training?, answer: Basic Officer Leaders Course | question: If the officers want to advance their careers even further, where is that available?, answer: Army Correspondence Course Program
Following their wedding, the couple leased Windlesham Moor, near Windsor Castle, until 4 July 1949, when they took up residence at Clarence House in London. At various times between 1949 and 1951, the Duke of Edinburgh was stationed in the British Crown Colony of Malta as a serving Royal Navy officer. He and Elizabeth lived intermittently, for several months at a time, in the hamlet of Gwardamanġa, at Villa Guardamangia, the rented home of Philip's uncle, Lord Mountbatten. The children remained in Britain.

question: Where did the newly married Elizabeth and Philip stay until 1949?, answer: Windlesham Moor | question: After 1949 where did Elizabeth live in London?, answer: Clarence House | question: In which armed force was the Duke of Edinburgh?, answer: Royal Navy | question: Where was Philip stationed during WWII?, answer: British Crown Colony of Malta | question: In whose home did Elizabeth and Philip stay in Malta?, answer: Lord Mountbatten
Following this battle, Ali fought a battle against Muawiyah, known as the Battle of Siffin. The battle was stopped before either side had achieved victory, and the two parties agreed to arbitrate their dispute. After the battle Amr ibn al-As was appointed by Muawiyah as an arbitrator, and Ali appointed Abu Musa Ashaari. Seven months later, in February 658, the two arbitrators met at Adhruh, about 10 miles north west of Maan in Jordon. Amr ibn al-As convinced Abu Musa Ashaari that both Ali and Muawiyah should step down and a new Caliph be elected. Ali and his supporters were stunned by the decision which had lowered the Caliph to the status of the rebellious Muawiyah I. Ali was therefore outwitted by Muawiyah and Amr. Ali refused to accept the verdict and found himself technically in breach of his pledge to abide by the arbitration. This put Ali in a weak position even amongst his own supporters. The most vociferous opponents in Ali's camp were the very same people who had forced Ali into the ceasefire. They broke away from Ali's force, rallying under the slogan, "arbitration belongs to God alone." This group came to be known as the Kharijites ("those who leave"). In 659 Ali's forces and the Kharijites met in the Battle of Nahrawan. Although Ali won the battle, the constant conflict had begun to affect his standing, and in the following years some Syrians seem to have acclaimed Muawiyah as a rival caliph.

question: Where did Muawiyah fight Ali?, answer: Battle of Siffin | question: Who was appointed arbitrator by Ali?, answer: Abu Musa Ashaari | question: In what battle did Ali fight the Kharjites?, answer: Battle of Nahrawan | question: What did the term Kharjites mean?, answer: those who leave
Following various military conquests in the Greek East, Romans adapted a number of Greek educational precepts to their own fledgling system. They began physical training to prepare the boys to grow as Roman citizens and for eventual recruitment into the army. Conforming to discipline was a point of great emphasis. Girls generally received instruction from their mothers in the art of spinning, weaving, and sewing. Schooling in a more formal sense was begun around 200 BC. Education began at the age of around six, and in the next six to seven years, boys and girls were expected to learn the basics of reading, writing and counting. By the age of twelve, they would be learning Latin, Greek, grammar and literature, followed by training for public speaking. Oratory was an art to be practiced and learnt, and good orators commanded respect.[citation needed]

question: How did Romans develop their male children as Roman citizens?, answer: physical training | question: Who could be expected to obtain guidance in the art of weaving?, answer: Girls | question: What Roman art involved speeches made to the public?, answer: Oratory | question: When did academic schooling begin in the Roman Republic?, answer: around 200 BC | question: What caused the Romans to conform several educational concepts to their own system?, answer: various military conquests in the Greek East
Following years of mistreatment, the Taínos began to adopt suicidal behaviors, with women aborting or killing their infants and men jumping from the cliffs or ingesting untreated cassava, a violent poison. Eventually, a Taíno Cacique named Enriquillo managed to hold out in the Baoruco Mountain Range for thirteen years, causing serious damage to the Spanish, Carib-held plantations and their Indian auxiliaries. Hearing of the seriousness of the revolt, Emperor Charles V (also King of Spain) sent captain Francisco Barrionuevo to negotiate a peace treaty with the ever-increasing number of rebels. Two months later, after consultation with the Audencia of Santo Domingo, Enriquillo was offered any part of the island to live in peace.

question: What behaviors did the Taínos begin to adopt after years of mistreatment?, answer: suicidal | question: What did Taínos women start doing to their infants?, answer: aborting or killing | question: Why would ingesting untreated cassava be a bad idea?, answer: violent poison | question: Who was sent to negotiate a peace treaty with the rebels?, answer: Francisco Barrionuevo | question: How many years was a Taínos Cacique able to hold ou in the Baoruco Mountain Range?, answer: thirteen
Food is passed from the kitchen to the stube, where the dining room table is placed. Some meals are communal, such as fondue, where a pot is set in the middle of the table for each person to dip into. Other meals are still served in a traditional manner on carved wooden plates. Furniture has been traditionally elaborately carved and in many Alpine countries carpentry skills are passed from generation to generation.

question: The food is passed from the kitchen to where?, answer: the stube | question: Where is the dining room table placed?, answer: the stube | question: Traditionally, what are meals served on?, answer: carved wooden plates | question: How is furniture traditionally carved?, answer: elaborately
Foot resigned and was replaced as leader by Neil Kinnock, with Roy Hattersley as his deputy. The new leadership progressively dropped unpopular policies. The miners strike of 1984–85 over coal mine closures, for which miners' leader Arthur Scargill was blamed, and the Wapping dispute led to clashes with the left of the party, and negative coverage in most of the press. Tabloid vilification of the so-called loony left continued to taint the parliamentary party by association from the activities of 'extra-parliamentary' militants in local government.

question: Who was Foot replaced by?, answer: Neil Kinnock | question: Who was Neil Knnocks deputy?, answer: Roy Hattersley | question: What years were the miners strike?, answer: 1984–85 | question: What was the name of the miner's leader that was blamed for the strike?, answer: Arthur Scargill
Football and Cricket are the most popular sports among the younger generation in Nepal and there are several stadiums in the city. The sport is governed by the All Nepal Football Association (ANFA) from its headquarters in Kathmandu. The only international football stadium in the city is the Dasarath Rangasala Stadium, a multi-purpose stadium used mostly for football matches and cultural events, located in the neighborhood of Tripureshwor. It is the largest stadium in Nepal with a capacity of 25,000 spectators, built in 1956. Martyr's Memorial League is also held in this ground every year. The stadium was renovated with Chinese help before the 8th South Asian Games were held in Kathmandu and had floodlights installed. Kathmandu is home to the oldest football clubs of Nepal such as RCT, Sankata and NRT. Other prominent clubs include MMC, Machhindra FC, Tribhuwan Army Club (TAC) and MPC.

question: Along with cricket, what sport is highly popular among Nepali youth?, answer: Football | question: What body oversees soccer in Nepal?, answer: All Nepal Football Association | question: How many people can fit in Dasarath Rangasala Stadium?, answer: 25,000 | question: In what part of Kathmandu is Dasarath Rangasala Stadium located?, answer: Tripureshwor | question: Who assisted Nepal in renovating Dasarath Rangasala Stadium?, answer: Chinese
Football and cycling are the most popular sports in Eritrea. In recent years, Eritrean athletes have also seen increasing success in the international arena. Zersenay Tadese, an Eritrean athlete, currently holds the world record in half marathon distance running. The Tour of Eritrea, a multi-stage international cycling event, is held annually throughout the country. The Eritrea national cycling team has experienced a lot of success, winning the continental cycling championship several years in a row. Six Eritrean riders have been signed to international cycling teams, including Natnael Berhane and Daniel Teklehaimanot. Berhane was named African Sportsman of the Year in 2013, ahead of footballers Yaya Touré and Didier Drogba, while Teklehaimanot became the first Eritrean to ride the Vuelta a España in 2012. In 2015 Teklehaimanot won the King of the Mountains classification in the Critérium du Dauphine. Teklehaimanot and fellow Eritrean Merhawi Kudus became the first black African riders to compete in the Tour de France when they were selected by the MTN–Qhubeka team for the 2015 edition of the race, where, on 9 July, Teklehaimanot became the first African rider to wear the polkadot jersey.

question: What are the most popular sports in Eritrea?, answer: Football and cycling | question: What world record is held by Eritrean athlete Zersenay Tadese?, answer: half marathon distance running | question: What is the name of the multi-stage international cycling event held throughout Eritrea?, answer: Tour of Eritrea | question: Who became the first black African riders to compete in the Tour de France?, answer: Teklehaimanot and fellow Eritrean Merhawi Kudus | question: Who became the first Eritrean to ride the Vuelta a Espana in 2012?, answer: Daniel Teklehaimanot
Football is also popular in Armenia. The most successful team was the FC Ararat Yerevan team of the 1970s who won the Soviet Cup in 1973 and 1975 and the Soviet Top League in 1973. The latter achievement saw FC Ararat gain entry to the European Cup where – despite a home victory in the second leg – they lost on aggregate at the quarter final stage to eventual winner FC Bayern Munich. Armenia competed internationally as part of the USSR national football team until the Armenian national football team was formed in 1992 after the split of the Soviet Union. Armenia have never qualified for a major tournament although recent improvements saw the team to achieve 44th position in the FIFA World Rankings in September 2011. The national team is controlled by the Football Federation of Armenia. The Armenian Premier League is the highest level football competition in Armenia, and has been dominated by FC Pyunik in recent seasons. The league currently consists of eight teams and relegates to the Armenian First League.

question: What team won the Soviet football Cup in 1973 and 1975?, answer: FC Ararat Yerevan team | question: Which team did the FC Ararat lose to in the European Cup?, answer: FC Bayern Munich | question: What FIFA ranking did Armenia hold in 2011?, answer: 44th | question: How many teams does the Armenian Premier League have?, answer: eight teams
Football is largely considered the Nigeria's national sport and the country has its own Premier League of football. Nigeria's national football team, known as the "Super Eagles", has made the World Cup on five occasions 1994, 1998, 2002, 2010, and most recently in 2014. In April 1994, the Super Eagles ranked 5th in the FIFA World Rankings, the highest ranking achieved by an African football team. They won the African Cup of Nations in 1980, 1994, and 2013, and have also hosted the U-17 & U-20 World Cup. They won the gold medal for football in the 1996 Summer Olympics (in which they beat Argentina) becoming the first African football team to win gold in Olympic Football.

question: Which years did Nigeria win the African Cup of Nations?, answer: 1980, 1994, and 2013 | question: When did Nigeria win a Summer Olympics gold medal?, answer: 1996 | question: What did Nigeria win a Summer Olympics gold medal for?, answer: football | question: What country did Nigeria beat to win a Summer Olympics gold medal?, answer: Argentina | question: What is Nigeria's national football team called?, answer: Super Eagles
Football is the most popular national sport of Egypt. The Cairo Derby is one of the fiercest derbies in Africa, and the BBC picked it as one of the 7 toughest derbies in the world. Al Ahly is the most successful club of the 20th century in the African continent according to CAF, closely followed by their rivals Zamalek SC. Al Ahly was named in 2000 by the Confederation of African Football as the "African Club of the Century". With twenty titles, Al Ahly is currently the world's most successful club in terms of international trophies, surpassing Italy's A.C. Milan and Argentina's Boca Juniors, both having eighteen.

question: What is the most popular sport in Egypt?, answer: Football | question: What is one of the toughest derbies in the world, run in Egypt?, answer: The Cairo Derby | question: In terms of international trophies, whos is the most successful club?, answer: Al Ahly
Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis. Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup. The multi-ethnic Ocean Stars, Somalia's national team, first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The equally diverse Somali beach soccer team also represents the country in international beach soccer competitions. In addition, several international footballers such as Mohammed Ahamed Jama, Liban Abdi, Ayub Daud and Abdisalam Ibrahim have played in European top divisions.

question: What sport do Somalis most enjoy?, answer: Football | question: What is the name of the Somali national football team?, answer: Ocean Stars | question: In what year did the Ocean Stars first compete in the Olympics?, answer: 1972 | question: Along with Liban Abdi, Ayub Daud and Abdisalam Ibrahim, who is a notable Somali football player?, answer: Mohammed Ahamed Jama | question: Along with the Somalia Cup, what is an important Somali football competition?, answer: the Somalia League
For "closed systems" with no external source or sink of energy, the first law of thermodynamics states that a system's energy is constant unless energy is transferred in or out by mechanical work or heat, and that no energy is lost in transfer. This means that it is impossible to create or destroy energy. While heat can always be fully converted into work in a reversible isothermal expansion of an ideal gas, for cyclic processes of practical interest in heat engines the second law of thermodynamics states that the system doing work always loses some energy as waste heat. This creates a limit to the amount of heat energy that can do work in a cyclic process, a limit called the available energy. Mechanical and other forms of energy can be transformed in the other direction into thermal energy without such limitations. The total energy of a system can be calculated by adding up all forms of energy in the system.

question: How can the total energy of a system be calculated?, answer: by adding up all forms of energy in the system | question: The limit to the amount of heat energy that can do work in a cyclic process is known as what?, answer: available energy | question: What can be fully converted into work in a reversible isothermal expansion of an ideal gas?, answer: heat | question: What states that the system doing work always loses some energy as waste heat?, answer: second law of thermodynamics
For 1890, the Census Office changed the design of the population questionnaire. Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family. Additionally, this was the first year that the census distinguished between different East Asian races, such as Japanese and Chinese, due to increased immigration. This census also marked the beginning of the term "race" in the questionnaires. Enumerators were instructed to write "White," "Black," "Mulatto," "Quadroon," "Octoroon," "Chinese," "Japanese," or "Indian."

question: In what year was the term race first used in the U.S. Census?, answer: 1890 | question: How often was a new questionnaire sheet used in the 1890 census?, answer: for each family | question: How were residents listed in the census in 1890?, answer: individually | question: Why were different East Asian races divided in 1890 Census?, answer: increased immigration
For 2016, U.S. News & World Report ranked BYU as tied for 66th for national universities in the United States. A 2013 Quarterly Journal of Economics study of where the nation's top high school students choose to enroll ranked BYU No. 21 in its peer-reviewed study. The Princeton Review has ranked BYU the best value for college in 2007, and its library is consistently ranked in the nation's top ten — No. 1 in 2004 and No. 4 in 2007. BYU is also ranked No. 19 in the U.S. News and World Report's "Great Schools, Great Prices" lineup, and No. 12 in lowest student-incurred debt. Due in part to the school's emphasis on undergraduate research, in rankings for 2008-2009, BYU was ranked No. 10 nationally for the number of students who go on to earn PhDs, No. 1 nationally for students who go on to dental school, No. 6 nationally for students who go on to law school, and No. 10 nationally for students who go on to medical school. BYU is designated as a research university with high research activity by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.]] Forbes Magazine ranked it as the No. 1 "Top University to Work For in 2014" and as the best college in Utah.

question: Who ranked BYU as the best college in Utah?, answer: Forbes Magazine | question: Who designated BYU as having high research activity?, answer: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching | question: Who ranked BYU the vest value for college in 2007?, answer: The Princeton Review | question: Where was BYU ranked No. 12 in schools with the lowest student-incurred debt?, answer: U.S. News and World Report's "Great Schools, Great Prices" lineup | question: In 2008-2009, how was BYU ranked nationally for the number of students who go on to earn PhDs?, answer: No. 10
For 36 years, NATO and the Warsaw Pact never directly waged war against each other in Europe; the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies implemented strategic policies aimed at the containment of each other in Europe, while working and fighting for influence within the wider Cold War on the international stage.

question: What was the focus of both alliances' policies towards the other in lieu of direct fighting?, answer: containment | question: Which continent was considered to be at the center of NATO/Warsaw Pact intrigues?, answer: Europe