lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
Due to extreme variation in elevation, great variation occurs in the climatic conditions of Himachal . The climate varies from hot and subhumid tropical in the southern tracts to, with more elevation, cold, alpine, and glacial in the northern and eastern mountain ranges. The state has areas like Dharamsala that receive very heavy rainfall, as well as those like Lahaul and Spiti that are cold and almost rainless. Broadly, Himachal experiences three seasons: summer, winter, and rainy season. Summer lasts from mid-April till the end of June and most parts become very hot (except in the alpine zone which experiences a mild summer) with the average temperature ranging from 28 to 32 °C (82 to 90 °F). Winter lasts from late November till mid March. Snowfall is common in alpine tracts (generally above 2,200 metres (7,218 ft) i.e. in the higher and trans-Himalayan region).

question: What occurs in the climatic conditions of Himachal?, answer: great variation | question: What is the climate like?, answer: varies from hot and subhumid tropical | question: What three seasons does Himachal experience?, answer: summer, winter, and rainy season | question: How long does summer last?, answer: mid-April till the end of June | question: How long does winter last?, answer: late November till mid March.
Due to geographical proximity of the Central American countries to the U.S. which has powerful military, economic, and political influences, there were several movements and proposals by the United States during the 19th and 20th centuries to annex some or all of the Central American republics (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras with the formerly British-ruled Bay Islands, Nicaragua, Panama which had the U.S.-ruled Canal Zone territory from 1903 to 1979, and formerly British Honduras or Belize since 1981). However, the U.S. never acted on these proposals from some U.S. politicians; some of which were never delivered or considered seriously. In 2001, El Salvador adopted the U.S. dollar as its currency, while Panama has used it for decades due to its ties to the Canal Zone.

question: When did Panama have the US-ruled Canal Zone Territory?, answer: from 1903 to 1979 | question: When did El Salvador adopt the US Dollar as its currency?, answer: 2001 | question: When did the British Honduras become Belize?, answer: since 1981
Due to great differences in terrain, the climate of the province is highly variable. In general it has strong monsoonal influences, with rainfall heavily concentrated in the summer. Under the Köppen climate classification, the Sichuan Basin (including Chengdu) in the eastern half of the province experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa or Cfa), with long, hot, humid summers and short, mild to cool, dry and cloudy winters. Consequently, it has China's lowest sunshine totals. The western region has mountainous areas producing a cooler but sunnier climate. Having cool to very cold winters and mild summers, temperatures generally decrease with greater elevation. However, due to high altitude and its inland location, many areas such as Garze County and Zoige County in Sichuan exhibit a subarctic climate (Köppen Dwc)- featuring extremely cold winters down to -30 °C and even cold summer nights. The region is geologically active with landslides and earthquakes. Average elevation ranges from 2,000 to 3,500 meters; average temperatures range from 0 to 15 °C. The southern part of the province, including Panzhihua and Xichang, has a sunny climate with short, very mild winters and very warm to hot summers.

question: What climate classification does the Sichuan Basin hold?, answer: humid subtropical climate | question: What area of China has the least amount of sunlight?, answer: the Sichuan Basin | question: Garze County and Zoige County in Sichuan experience what kind of climate?, answer: subarctic climate | question: What is the range of average elevation in the Sichuan Basin?, answer: 2,000 to 3,500 meters | question: What is the range of average temperature in the Sichuan Basin?, answer: 0 to 15 °C
Due to historically close ties with France, French literature came to constitute the major Western influence on Ottoman literature throughout the latter half of the 19th century. As a result, many of the same movements prevalent in France during this period also had their Ottoman equivalents: in the developing Ottoman prose tradition, for instance, the influence of Romanticism can be seen during the Tanzimat period, and that of the Realist and Naturalist movements in subsequent periods; in the poetic tradition, on the other hand, it was the influence of the Symbolist and Parnassian movements that became paramount.

question: What was the biggest influence from the west on Ottoman literature?, answer: French literature | question: During what time period was Ottoman literate most influenced by the west?, answer: the latter half of the 19th century | question: During the Tanzimat what western influence could be seen?, answer: the influence of Romanticism | question: The poetic tradition had its biggest influence on what Ottoman literary movements?, answer: the Symbolist and Parnassian movements | question: Romanticism, and Realism were two movements from the west that influenced the Ottoman literary scene, what was the third?, answer: Naturalist
Due to industrial restructuring and loss of jobs in the auto industry, Detroit lost considerable population from the late 20th century to present. Between 2000 and 2010 the city's population fell by 25 percent, changing its ranking from the nation's 10th-largest city to 18th. In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777, more than a 60 percent drop from a peak population of over 1.8 million at the 1950 census. This resulted from suburbanization, industrial restructuring, and the decline of Detroit's auto industry. Following the shift of population and jobs to its suburbs or other states or nations, the city has focused on becoming the metropolitan region's employment and economic center. Downtown Detroit has held an increased role as an entertainment destination in the 21st century, with the restoration of several historic theatres, several new sports stadiums, and a riverfront revitalization project. More recently, the population of Downtown Detroit, Midtown Detroit, and a handful of other neighborhoods has increased. Many other neighborhoods remain distressed, with extensive abandonment of properties.

question: By how much has Detroit's population fallen this century?, answer: 25 | question: The decline of what industry has hurt Detroit?, answer: auto | question: What industry has Detroit tried to revitalize in recent years?, answer: entertainment | question: What is one of the problems that currently effects property values in Detroit?, answer: abandonment of properties
Due to insistence by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the international governing body of football, that domestic leagues reduce the number of games clubs played, the number of clubs was reduced to 20 in 1995 when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted. On 8 June 2006, FIFA requested that all major European leagues, including Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga be reduced to 18 teams by the start of the 2007–08 season. The Premier League responded by announcing their intention to resist such a reduction. Ultimately, the 2007–08 season kicked off again with 20 teams.

question: What was the number of clubs reduced to in 1995., answer: the number of clubs was reduced to 20 in 1995 | question: In 1995, who requested that domestic leagues lower the amount of games played., answer: Due to insistence by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the international governing body of football | question: Who insisted that the number of games played in each domestic league must be reduced?, answer: FIFA | question: In 1995, what was the number of clubs in the league reduced to?, answer: 20 | question: On which date did FIFA request that all European leagues reduce the number of teams within themselves to 18?, answer: 8 June 2006 | question: In the 2007-08 season, how many teams was the Premier League left with?, answer: 20 | question: How many teams were relegated from the Premier League in 1995?, answer: four
Due to its large size and wide range of geographic features, the United States contains examples of nearly every global climate. The climate is temperate in most areas, subtropical in the Southern United States, tropical in Hawaii and southern Florida, polar in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains west of the 100th meridian, Mediterranean in coastal California and arid in the Great Basin. Its comparatively favorable agricultural climate contributed (in part) to the country's rise as a world power, with infrequent severe drought in the major agricultural regions, a general lack of widespread flooding, and a mainly temperate climate that receives adequate precipitation.

question: What is the climate like in the Southern United States?, answer: subtropical | question: Hawaii has what type of climate?, answer: tropical | question: Which state is known for its Mediterranean climate?, answer: California | question: What contributed to the rise of the US as a world power?, answer: agricultural climate | question: What is the climate like in most areas of the US?, answer: temperate
Due to its location at the South Pole, Antarctica receives relatively little solar radiation. This means that it is a very cold continent where water is mostly in the form of ice. Precipitation is low (most of Antarctica is a desert) and almost always in the form of snow, which accumulates and forms a giant ice sheet which covers the land. Parts of this ice sheet form moving glaciers known as ice streams, which flow towards the edges of the continent. Next to the continental shore are many ice shelves. These are floating extensions of outflowing glaciers from the continental ice mass. Offshore, temperatures are also low enough that ice is formed from seawater through most of the year. It is important to understand the various types of Antarctic ice to understand possible effects on sea levels and the implications of global cooling.

question: What location means that Antarctica get little solar radiation?, answer: South Pole | question: In what condition is most water in the Antarctica?, answer: ice | question: What is the usual condition of precipitation in the Antarctic?, answer: snow | question: What does the massed snow in Antarctica produce?, answer: giant ice sheet | question: What are ice streams otherwise called?, answer: glaciers
Due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, Seattle is in a major earthquake zone. On February 28, 2001, the magnitude 6.8 Nisqually earthquake did significant architectural damage, especially in the Pioneer Square area (built on reclaimed land, as are the Industrial District and part of the city center), but caused only one fatality. Other strong quakes occurred on January 26, 1700 (estimated at 9 magnitude), December 14, 1872 (7.3 or 7.4), April 13, 1949 (7.1), and April 29, 1965 (6.5). The 1965 quake caused three deaths in Seattle directly, and one more by heart failure. Although the Seattle Fault passes just south of the city center, neither it nor the Cascadia subduction zone has caused an earthquake since the city's founding. The Cascadia subduction zone poses the threat of an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 or greater, capable of seriously damaging the city and collapsing many buildings, especially in zones built on fill.

question: What hazardous geologic area does Seattle inhabit?, answer: Pacific Ring of Fire | question: What type of land area is at most risk of earthquake damage?, answer: reclaimed land | question: What was the magnitude of the Nisqually quake?, answer: 6.8 | question: On what date did the Nisqually earthquake occur that damaged the Pioneer Square area?, answer: February 28, 2001 | question: What is the amount of magnitude possible on the Cascadia subduction zone?, answer: 9.0 or greater
Due to its location, the Punjab region came under constant attacks and influence from the west and witnessed centuries of foreign invasions by the Greeks, Kushans, Scythians, Turks, and Afghans. The city of Taxila, founded by son of Taksh the son Bharat who was the brother of Ram. It was reputed to house the oldest university in the world,[citation needed] Takshashila University. One of the teachers was the great Vedic thinker and politician Chanakya. Taxila was a great centre of learning and intellectual discussion during the Maurya Empire. It is a UN World Heritage site, valued for its archaeological and religious history.

question: Who has invaded Punjab?, answer: Greeks, Kushans, Scythians, Turks, and Afghans | question: Who founded Taxila?, answer: son of Taksh the son Bharat who was the brother of Ram | question: What is said to be the world's oldest university?, answer: Takshashila University | question: Who was Chanakya?, answer: great Vedic thinker and politician | question: What empire was Taxila a center of learning of?, answer: the Maurya Empire
Due to its persistent cultural presence and to its novelty within the performing arts, wrestling constitutes a recurring topic in both academia and the media. Several documentaries have been produced looking at professional wrestling, most notably, Beyond the Mat directed by Barry W. Blaustein, and Wrestling with Shadows featuring wrestler Bret Hart and directed by Paul Jay. There have also been many fictional depictions of wrestling; the 2008 film The Wrestler received several Oscar nominations and began a career revival for star Mickey Rourke.

question: What is one popular wrestling film?, answer: 2008 film The Wrestler | question: What award was The Wrestler nominated for?, answer: several Oscar nominations | question: What are the names of a couple wrestling documentaries?, answer: Beyond the Mat directed by Barry W. Blaustein, and Wrestling with Shadows | question: Where does wrestling keep coming up as a subject?, answer: in both academia and the media
Due to its position between two unfriendly neighbours, Armenia has close security ties with Russia. At the request of the Armenian government, Russia maintains a military base in the northwestern Armenian city of Gyumri as a deterrent against Turkey.[citation needed] Despite this, Armenia has also been looking toward Euro-Atlantic structures in recent years. It maintains good relations with the United States especially through its Armenian diaspora. According to the US Census Bureau, there are 427,822 Armenians living in the country.

question: Russia has a military base in which city in Armenia?, answer: Gyumri | question: How many Armenians reside in the United States?, answer: 427,822 | question: Why does Russia have a miltary base In Gyumri?, answer: as a deterrent against Turkey | question: Who gave Russia permission to have a military base in Gyumri?, answer: Armenian government
Due to its very low elevation, the Marshall Islands are threatened by the potential effects of sea level rise. According to the president of Nauru, the Marshall Islands are the most endangered nation in the world due to flooding from climate change.

question: What feature makes the Marshalls susceptible to harm due to rising sea levels?, answer: its very low elevation | question: Who said that the Marshalls are the most endangered nation in the world?, answer: the president of Nauru | question: Why are the Marshall Islands the most endangered nation on Earth?, answer: flooding from climate change
Due to many centuries of intensive settlement, most of the area is shaped by human influence. The original natural vegetation of Thuringia is forest with beech as its predominant species, as can still be found in the Hainich mountains today. In the uplands, a mixture of beech and spruce would be natural. However, most of the plains have been cleared and are in intensive agricultural use while most of the forests are planted with spruce and pine. Since 1990, Thuringia's forests have been managed aiming for a more natural and tough vegetation more resilient to climate change as well as diseases and vermin. In comparison to the forest, agriculture is still quite conventional and dominated by large structures and monocultures. Problems here are caused especially by increasingly prolonged dry periods during the summer months.

question: Why is Thurnigia's landscape shaped by human influence?, answer: Due to many centuries of intensive settlement | question: What type of nature is common in the highlands of Thuringia?, answer: a mixture of beech and spruce | question: What is the original natural vegetation of Thuringia?, answer: forest with beech as its predominant species | question: Where do most landscape problems come from?, answer: increasingly prolonged dry periods during the summer months | question: What has been the aim for the Thuringian forests since 1990?, answer: more natural and tough vegetation
Due to reciprocity (discussed above) the gain of an antenna used for transmitting must be proportional to its effective area when used for receiving. Consider an antenna with no loss, that is, one whose electrical efficiency is 100%. It can be shown that its effective area averaged over all directions must be equal to λ2/4π, the wavelength squared divided by 4π. Gain is defined such that the average gain over all directions for an antenna with 100% electrical efficiency is equal to 1. Therefore, the effective area Aeff in terms of the gain G in a given direction is given by:

question: What must the relationship of an antenna and the receiving area be due to reciprocity?, answer: proportional | question: what could an antenna with complete electrical efficiency be said to have?, answer: no loss | question: Another term for the effective area is?, answer: Aeff | question: hat could an antenna with complete electrical efficiency be said to have?, answer: 1
Due to recording mastering and manufacturing limitations, both high and low frequencies were removed from the first recorded signals by various formulae. With low frequencies, the stylus must swing a long way from side to side, requiring the groove to be wide, taking up more space and limiting the playing time of the record. At high frequencies, hiss, pops, and ticks are significant. These problems can be reduced by using equalization to an agreed standard. During recording the amplitude of low frequencies is reduced, thus reducing the groove width required, and the amplitude at high frequencies is increased. The playback equipment boosts bass and cuts treble so as to restore the tonal balance in the original signal; this also reduces the high frequency noise. Thus more music will fit on the record, and noise is reduced.

question: What is a limitation of low frequency recordings?, answer: limiting the playing time | question: What kinds of unwanted sounds are often heard at high frequencies?, answer: hiss, pops, and ticks | question: What is done during recordings to help reduce unwanted sounds?, answer: amplitude of low frequencies is reduced | question: What is a benefit of using equalization devices?, answer: problems can be reduced | question: What is done to high frequency sounds to lessen sound issues?, answer: amplitude at high frequencies is increased
Due to technical limitations, the original ReWritable CD could be written no faster than 4x speed. High Speed ReWritable CD has a different design, which permits writing at speeds ranging from 4x to 12x. Original CD-RW drives can only write to original ReWritable CDs. High Speed CD-RW drives can typically write to both original ReWritable CDs and High Speed ReWritable CDs. Both types of CD-RW discs can be read in most CD drives. Higher speed CD-RW discs, Ultra Speed (16x to 24x write speed) and Ultra Speed+ (32x write speed) are now available.

question: How fast could the first ReWritable CD be written?, answer: 4x speed | question: Which CD has writing speeds betwen 4x and 12x?, answer: High Speed ReWritable CD | question: How fast can Ultra Speed+ CDs write?, answer: 32x | question: How fast can Ultra Speed CDs write?, answer: 16x to 24x
Due to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation. By 1974, the economy of Iran was experiencing double digit inflation, and despite many large projects to modernize the country, corruption was rampant and caused large amounts of waste. By 1975 and 1976, an economic recession led to increased unemployment, especially among millions of youth who had migrated to the cities of Iran looking for construction jobs during the boom years of the early 1970s. By the late 1970s, many of these people opposed the Shah's regime and began to organize and join the protests against it.

question: What year did oil price spikes in Iran lead to inflation?, answer: 1973 | question: What caused inflation to Iran's economy during the oil price spike in 1973?, answer: economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency | question: Iran's inflation led to what in 1975-1976?, answer: an economic recession | question: Why did millions of youth migrate to the urban areas of Iran in the mid 1970s?, answer: construction jobs | question: Due to increased unemployment, who mainly opposed the Shah's regime?, answer: millions of youth who had migrated to the cities
Due to the Budget sequestration in 2013, the USAF was forced to ground many of its squadrons. The Commander of Air Combat Command, General Mike Hostage indicated that the USAF must reduce its F-15 and F-16 fleets and eliminate platforms like the A-10 in order to focus on a fifth-generation jet fighter future. In response to squadron groundings and flight time reductions, many Air Force pilots have opted to resign from active duty and enter the Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard while pursuing careers in the commercial airlines where they can find flight hours on more modern aircraft.

question: Why was the USAF forced to ground some of its squadrons in 2013?, answer: Budget sequestration | question: Who was the Commander of Air Combat Command in 2013?, answer: General Mike Hostage | question: Why have many US Air Force pilots opted to resign from active service?, answer: squadron groundings and flight time reductions | question: Where have many of these US Air Force pilots chosen to find employment instead?, answer: careers in the commercial airlines
Due to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimated 30,000 Black African troops and cavalrymen to its expedition in Hungary during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18.

question: Where did the Ottoman slave trade flourish?, answer: in the Balkans | question: What town had it's own black community?, answer: Ulcinj | question: What country is Ulcinj in?, answer: Montenegro | question: How many black people lived in Ulcinj until 1878?, answer: 100 | question: How many blacks served in the Ottoman Army during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716-18?, answer: an estimated 30,000