lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
If a more consistent report with the genetic groups in the gradation of miscegenation is to be considered (e.g. that would not cluster people with a balanced degree of African and non-African ancestry in the black group instead of the multiracial one, unlike elsewhere in Latin America where people of high quantity of African descent tend to classify themselves as mixed), more people would report themselves as white and pardo in Brazil (47.7% and 42.4% of the population as of 2010, respectively), because by research its population is believed to have between 65 and 80% of autosomal European ancestry, in average (also >35% of European mt-DNA and >95% of European Y-DNA).

question: What would more people report themselves as if a more consistent report were considered?, answer: white | question: What do people with a high quality of African descent classify themselves as?, answer: mixed | question: Brazil's population is believed to have between what percentages of autosomal European ancestry?, answer: 65 and 80% | question: How much of the population of Brazil reported themselves as pardo in 2010?, answer: 42.4% | question: Brazil's population is thought to have greater than what percentage of European Y-DNA?, answer: 95%
If a party has materially violated or breached its treaty obligations, the other parties may invoke this breach as grounds for temporarily suspending their obligations to that party under the treaty. A material breach may also be invoked as grounds for permanently terminating the treaty itself.

question: What may be invoked as grounds for permanently terminating a treaty?, answer: A material breach | question: In addition to terminating the treaty itself, what actions by the other parties might result from one party materially violating or beaching its obligations?, answer: temporarily suspending their obligations to that party | question: In addition to suspending their obligations under a treaty to the violating party, what may result from a material breach of treaty obligations?, answer: terminating the treaty itself | question: Who may invoke a material breach committed by a party to a treaty to suspend their obligations to that party?, answer: the other parties | question: What temporary actions can parties of a treaty take in response to a material violation of a party's obligations?, answer: suspending their obligations to that party
If a state party's withdrawal is successful, its obligations under that treaty are considered terminated, and withdrawal by one party from a bilateral treaty of course terminates the treaty. When a state withdraws from a multi-lateral treaty, that treaty will still otherwise remain in force among the other parties, unless, of course, otherwise should or could be interpreted as agreed upon between the remaining states parties to the treaty.[citation needed]

question: What happens to a state's obligations under a treaty upon its withdrawal from the treaty?, answer: terminated | question: What kind of treaty is terminated by the withdrawal of just one party?, answer: a bilateral treaty | question: What happens to a multilateral treaty's rights and obligations among the other parties when just one party withdraws?, answer: remain in force | question: After what action by a state are its obligations under a treaty considered terminated?, answer: withdrawal | question: Under what conditions could a single state's withdrawal result in the termination of a multilateral treaty?, answer: agreed upon between the remaining states parties
If a tree grows all its life in the open and the conditions of soil and site remain unchanged, it will make its most rapid growth in youth, and gradually decline. The annual rings of growth are for many years quite wide, but later they become narrower and narrower. Since each succeeding ring is laid down on the outside of the wood previously formed, it follows that unless a tree materially increases its production of wood from year to year, the rings must necessarily become thinner as the trunk gets wider. As a tree reaches maturity its crown becomes more open and the annual wood production is lessened, thereby reducing still more the width of the growth rings. In the case of forest-grown trees so much depends upon the competition of the trees in their struggle for light and nourishment that periods of rapid and slow growth may alternate. Some trees, such as southern oaks, maintain the same width of ring for hundreds of years. Upon the whole, however, as a tree gets larger in diameter the width of the growth rings decreases.

question: In what stage of its life does a tree usually grow the fastest?, answer: youth | question: As a tree ages, do its growth rings usually get wider or narrower?, answer: narrower | question: What part of a tree opens and spreads out more as it matures?, answer: crown | question: Is wood production of a tree lessened or increased as it ages?, answer: lessened | question: Along with nutrients, what do trees growing in forests have to compete for?, answer: light
If a tuberculosis infection does become active, it most commonly involves the lungs (in about 90% of cases). Symptoms may include chest pain and a prolonged cough producing sputum. About 25% of people may not have any symptoms (i.e. they remain "asymptomatic"). Occasionally, people may cough up blood in small amounts, and in very rare cases, the infection may erode into the pulmonary artery or a Rasmussen's aneurysm, resulting in massive bleeding. Tuberculosis may become a chronic illness and cause extensive scarring in the upper lobes of the lungs. The upper lung lobes are more frequently affected by tuberculosis than the lower ones. The reason for this difference is not clear. It may be due either to better air flow, or to poor lymph drainage within the upper lungs.

question: Which lobes of the lungs are more often affected by TB?, answer: upper lung lobes | question: What symptom will result if TB infection causes a Rasmussen's aneurysm?, answer: massive bleeding | question: What percentage of tuberculosis infections don't ever manifest in symptoms of the disease?, answer: 25% | question: If TB becomes chronic, what lasting effect might it have on the lung's upper lobes?, answer: scarring | question: Approximately what percentage of active TB cases affect the lungs?, answer: 90%
If access is gained to a car's internal controller area network, it is possible to disable the brakes and turn the steering wheel. Computerized engine timing, cruise control, anti-lock brakes, seat belt tensioners, door locks, airbags and advanced driver assistance systems make these disruptions possible, and self-driving cars go even further. Connected cars may use wifi and bluetooth to communicate with onboard consumer devices, and the cell phone network to contact concierge and emergency assistance services or get navigational or entertainment information; each of these networks is a potential entry point for malware or an attacker. Researchers in 2011 were even able to use a malicious compact disc in a car's stereo system as a successful attack vector, and cars with built-in voice recognition or remote assistance features have onboard microphones which could be used for eavesdropping.

question: What were researchers in 2011 able to use as a successful attack vector?, answer: a malicious compact disc in a car's stereo system | question: In cars with built-in voice recognition features, what can the onboard microphones be used for?, answer: eavesdropping | question: Wifi, bluetooth, and cell phone networks are examples of what?, answer: a potential entry point for malware or an attacker | question: Assuming access has been gained to the car's internal controller area network, what is it possible to do?, answer: disable the brakes and turn the steering wheel | question: What network is used to contact concierge and emergency assitance services as well as getting navigational and entetainment information?, answer: the cell phone network
If all three parameters are used, they are specified in the following form: [frame size][scanning system][frame or field rate] or [frame size]/[frame or field rate][scanning system].[citation needed] Often, frame size or frame rate can be dropped if its value is implied from context. In this case, the remaining numeric parameter is specified first, followed by the scanning system.

question: What are the three HDTV parameters?, answer: [frame size][scanning system][frame or field rate] | question: Which two parameters can be dropped if its value is implied from context?, answer: frame size or frame rate | question: When can the frame size or frame rate parameter specification be dropped?, answer: if its value is implied from context | question: When a parameter is dropped, the remaining numeric parameter is specified first, followed by what?, answer: the scanning system
If any boy produces an outstanding piece of work, it may be "Sent Up For Good", storing the effort in the College Archives for posterity. This award has been around since the 18th century. As Sending Up For Good is fairly infrequent, the process is rather mysterious to many of Eton's boys. First, the master wishing to Send Up For Good must gain the permission of the relevant Head of Department. Upon receiving his or her approval, the piece of work will be marked with Sent Up For Good and the student will receive a card to be signed by House Master, tutor and division master.

question: What action results in something being "Sent Up For Good?", answer: If any boy produces an outstanding piece of work | question: What does a student receive when work is Sent Up For Good?, answer: a card | question: When a student has work Sent Up For Good, who signs the card that they receive?, answer: House Master, tutor and division master | question: Where is work that has been Sent Up For Good stored?, answer: College Archives
If bacteria form a parasitic association with other organisms, they are classed as pathogens. Pathogenic bacteria are a major cause of human death and disease and cause infections such as tetanus, typhoid fever, diphtheria, syphilis, cholera, foodborne illness, leprosy and tuberculosis. A pathogenic cause for a known medical disease may only be discovered many years after, as was the case with Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease. Bacterial diseases are also important in agriculture, with bacteria causing leaf spot, fire blight and wilts in plants, as well as Johne's disease, mastitis, salmonella and anthrax in farm animals.

question: What are the pathogenes?, answer: bacteria form a parasitic association with other organisms | question: Can cause for most pathogenic diseases be found soon?, answer: may only be discovered many years after | question: What can pathogenes cause?, answer: human death and disease
If current trends continue, missiles will replace gun systems completely in "first line" service.[citation needed] Guns are being increasingly pushed into specialist roles, such as the Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS, which uses the GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun for last ditch anti-missile and anti-aircraft defence. Even this formerly front-line weapon is currently being replaced by new missile systems, such as the RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile, which is smaller, faster, and allows for mid-flight course correction (guidance) to ensure a hit. To bridge the gap between guns and missiles, Russia in particular produces the Kashtan CIWS, which uses both guns and missiles for final defence. Two six-barrelled 30 mm Gsh-6-30 Gatling guns and 9M311 surface-to-air missiles provide for its defensive capabilities.

question: What is likely to entirely replace gun systems?, answer: missiles | question: What is being lead to specialty roles?, answer: Guns | question: What gun is used in the Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS?, answer: GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun | question: What RIM weapon permits mid-flight course adjustments?, answer: RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile | question: What weapon's system uses guns and missiles?, answer: Kashtan CIWS
If matter and energy are seen as necessary to explain the physical world, but incapable of explaining mind, dualism results. Emergence, holism, and process philosophy seek to ameliorate the perceived shortcomings of traditional (especially mechanistic) materialism without abandoning materialism entirely.

question: What 3 types of philosophies attempt to correct the problem with matter and energy without removing every belief about materialism?, answer: Emergence, holism, and process philosophy
If the British Empire was now going to side with the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire had no choice but to cultivate a relationship with the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was supported by the German Empire. In a few years these alignments became the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance (already formed in 1882), which were in part a cause of World War I. By its end in 1918 three empires were gone, a fourth was about to fall to revolution, and two more, the British and French, were forced to yield in revolutions started under the aegis of their own ideologies.

question: The Ottoman Empire had no choice but to develop their relationship with what country?, answer: Austro-Hungarian Empire | question: Who supported the Austro-Hungarian Empire?, answer: the German Empire | question: Who did the British Empire side with?, answer: the Russian Empire | question: The formation of the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance partly caused what?, answer: World War I | question: By what year were three empires gone?, answer: 1918
If the Governor General of Canada is unable to give assent, it can be done by either the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. It is not actually necessary for the governor general to sign a bill passed by a legislature, the signature being merely an attestation. In each case, the parliament must be apprised of the granting of assent before the bill is considered to have become law. Two methods are available: the sovereign's representatives may grant assent in the presence of both houses of parliament; alternatively, each house may be notified separately, usually by the speaker of that house. However, though both houses must be notified on the same day, notice to the House of Commons while it is not in session may be given by way of publishing a special issue of the Journals of the House of Commons, whereas the Senate must be sitting and the governor general's letter read aloud by the speaker.

question: In the Canadian federal government, who is typically responsible for deciding wether to give assent?, answer: the Governor General of Canada | question: Which positions from the Canadian Supreme Court may also give assent if need be?, answer: Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice | question: Who has the capability of granting assent if the Governer General of Canada cannot?, answer: the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada | question: How many methods are available to grant assent in Canada?, answer: Two | question: If each house of parliament is notified seperately, what regulation applies?, answer: both houses must be notified on the same day | question: How can the House of Commons be notified of assent if it is not in session?, answer: publishing a special issue of the Journals of the House of Commons | question: In contrast to the House of Commons, how must the Senate be notified of assent?, answer: governor general's letter read aloud by the speaker
If the Spanish monarch ever refused in conscience to grant royal assent, a procedure similar to the Belgian handling of King Baudouin's objection would not be possible under the current constitution. If the sovereign were ever declared incapable of discharging royal authority, his or her powers would not be transferred to the Cabinet, pending the parliamentary appointment of a regency. Instead, the constitution mandates the next person of age in the line of succession would immediately become regent. Therefore, had Juan Carlos followed the Belgian example in 2005 or 2010, a declaration of incapacity would have transferred power to Felipe, then the heir apparent.

question: If the Spanish monarch is deemed incapable of granting assent, who is the power transferred to?, answer: the next person of age in the line of succession | question: Could a Spanish ruler follow the same action of events as King Baudouin did in Belgium?, answer: not be possible under the current constitution
If the aircraft are VTOL-capable or helicopters, they do not need to decelerate and hence there is no such need. The arrested-recovery system has used an angled deck since the 1950s because, in case the aircraft does not catch the arresting wire, the short deck allows easier take off by reducing the number of objects between the aircraft and the end of the runway. It also has the advantage of separating the recovery operation area from the launch area. Helicopters and aircraft capable of vertical or short take-off and landing (V/STOL) usually recover by coming abreast the carrier on the port side and then using their hover capability to move over the flight deck and land vertically without the need for arresting gear.

question: What type of aircraft have no need to decelerate?, answer: VTOL-capable or helicopters | question: What does the angled deck separate the recovery operation area from?, answer: the launch area | question: What does V/STOL refer to?, answer: aircraft capable of vertical or short take-off and landing | question: What capability do helicopters use to move over the flight deck and land vertically?, answer: hover | question: What don't helicopters need because of having hover capablility?, answer: arresting gear
If the data to be compressed is analog (such as a voltage that varies with time), quantization is employed to digitize it into numbers (normally integers). This is referred to as analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion. If the integers generated by quantization are 8 bits each, then the entire range of the analog signal is divided into 256 intervals and all the signal values within an interval are quantized to the same number. If 16-bit integers are generated, then the range of the analog signal is divided into 65,536 intervals.

question: What varies with time?, answer: voltage | question: What has to be compressed in order to perform properly?, answer: data | question: What does "A/D" stand for?, answer: analog-to-digital
If the highest echelons of the governments also take advantage from corruption or embezzlement from the state's treasury, it is sometimes referred with the neologism kleptocracy. Members of the government can take advantage of the natural resources (e.g., diamonds and oil in a few prominent cases) or state-owned productive industries. A number of corrupt governments have enriched themselves via foreign aid, which is often spent on showy buildings and armaments.

question: What is it called when higher ups in government embezzle from the government's treasury?, answer: kleptocracy | question: What examples of natural resources do some corrupt officials in government take?, answer: diamonds and oil | question: Some corrupt governments use what type of money coming in?, answer: foreign aid | question: Foreign aid money is sometimes used to build fancy structures and to buy what?, answer: armaments
If there are differences within a growth ring, then the part of a growth ring nearest the center of the tree, and formed early in the growing season when growth is rapid, is usually composed of wider elements. It is usually lighter in color than that near the outer portion of the ring, and is known as earlywood or springwood. The outer portion formed later in the season is then known as the latewood or summerwood. However, there are major differences, depending on the kind of wood (see below).

question: If a growth ring has differences over one season, would the part nearest the tree's center be narrower or wider?, answer: wider | question: What name, besides springwood, is used for the part of a growth ring formed in the beginning of the growing season?, answer: earlywood | question: If the opposite of springwood is summerwood, what's the opposite of earlywood?, answer: latewood | question: Is earlywood usually lighter or darker than the part of the growth ring that forms later in the season?, answer: lighter | question: Is summerwood the inner or outer portion of a growth ring?, answer: outer
Igor returned to Kiev keen for revenge. He assembled a large force of warriors from among neighboring Slavs and Pecheneg allies, and sent for reinforcements of Varangians from “beyond the sea.” In 944 the Rus' force advanced again on the Greeks, by land and sea, and a Byzantine force from Cherson responded. The Emperor sent gifts and offered tribute in lieu of war, and the Rus' accepted. Envoys were sent between the Rus’, the Byzantines, and the Bulgarians in 945, and a peace treaty was completed. The agreement again focused on trade, but this time with terms less favorable to the Rus’, including stringent regulations on the conduct of Rus’ merchants in Cherson and Constantinople and specific punishments for violations of the law. The Byzantines may have been motivated to enter the treaty out of concern of a prolonged alliance of the Rus', Pechenegs, and Bulgarians against them, though the more favorable terms further suggest a shift in power.

question: Where did Igor get warriors from after returning to Kiev after being drivin out by the Byzatines?, answer: Slavs and Pecheneg allies | question: IN what year was the peace treaty signed between the Rus, Byzantine and the Bulgarians., answer: 945 | question: When did the Rus return to Byzatine seeking revenge?, answer: 944
Illegal pinning methods include using the ropes for leverage and hooking the opponent's clothing, which are therefore popular cheating methods for heels, unless certain stipulations make such an advantage legal. Such pins as these are rarely seen by the referee (as they have to see if their shoulders are down) and are subsequently often used by heels and on occasion by cheating faces to win matches. Even if it is noticed, it is rare for such an attempt to result in a disqualification (see below), and instead it simply results in nullification of the pin attempt, so the heel wrestler rarely has anything to lose for trying it, anyway.

question: What is a pinning method that isn't allowed?, answer: using the ropes for leverage and hooking the opponent's clothing, | question: How often are illegal pinning methods seen by the referee?, answer: Such pins as these are rarely seen by the referee | question: What are the illegal pinning methods called?, answer: cheating | question: Can illegal pinning methods result in being disqualified?, answer: it is rare for such an attempt to result in a disqualification | question: What happens with an illegal pinning move when it is seen by a referee?, answer: results in nullification of the pin attempt,
Illustrated humour periodicals were popular in 19th-century Britain, the earliest of which was the short-lived The Glasgow Looking Glass in 1825. The most popular was Punch, which popularized the term cartoon for its humorous caricatures. On occasion the cartoons in these magazines appeared in sequences; the character Ally Sloper featured in the earliest serialized comic strip when the character began to feature in its own weekly magazine in 1884.

question: What was the first illustrated humor periodical in Britain during the 19th century?, answer: The Glasgow Looking Glass | question: When did The Glasgow Looking Glass begin?, answer: 1825 | question: In Britain, what was the most liked illustrated humor periodical?, answer: Punch | question: Which comic character was the first to appear in a weekly magazine?, answer: Ally Sloper | question: When did Ally Sloper first appear?, answer: 1884