lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
METRO Transit is the city's public transit company. The main transfer terminal is located downtown at NW 5th Street and Hudson Avenue. METRO Transit maintains limited coverage of the city's main street grid using a hub-and-spoke system from the main terminal, making many journeys impractical due to the rather small number of bus routes offered and that most trips require a transfer downtown. The city has recognized that transit as a major issue for the rapidly growing and urbanizing city and has initiated several studies in recent times to improve upon the existing bus system starting with a plan known as the Fixed Guideway Study. This study identified several potential commuter transit routes from the suburbs into downtown OKC as well as feeder-line bus and/or rail routes throughout the city.

question: What is Oklahoma Cities transit company?, answer: METRO Transit | question: What is the name of the plan that is being made to enhance the bus system?, answer: Fixed Guideway Study
METRO began light rail service on January 1, 2004, with the inaugural track ("Red Line") running about 8 miles (13 km) from the University of Houston–Downtown (UHD), which traverses through the Texas Medical Center and terminates at NRG Park. METRO is currently in the design phase of a 10-year expansion plan that will add five more lines. and expand the current Red Line. Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service three times a week to Houston via the Sunset Limited (Los Angeles–New Orleans), which stops at a train station on the north side of the downtown area. The station saw 14,891 boardings and alightings in fiscal year 2008. In 2012, there was a 25 percent increase in ridership to 20,327 passengers embarking from the Houston Amtrak station.

question: When did Houston start using light rail lines?, answer: January 1, 2004 | question: How long was the first light rail line in Houston?, answer: about 8 miles | question: Where did the Red Line rail track terminate?, answer: NRG Park | question: How many new rail lines are planned for the future in Houston light rail?, answer: five | question: How many passengers used Amtrak to embark at Houston?, answer: 20,327
MIME defines two different mechanisms for encoding non-ASCII characters in email, depending on whether the characters are in email headers (such as the "Subject:"), or in the text body of the message; in both cases, the original character set is identified as well as a transfer encoding. For email transmission of Unicode the UTF-8 character set and the Base64 or the Quoted-printable transfer encoding are recommended, depending on whether much of the message consists of ASCII-characters. The details of the two different mechanisms are specified in the MIME standards and generally are hidden from users of email software.

question: What is recommended for email transmission of Unicode?, answer: the UTF-8 character set and the Base64 or the Quoted-printable transfer encoding | question: Where are the details of the two mechanisms for email transmission specified?, answer: MIME standards | question: How many different mechanisms does MIME define for encoding Unicode in email?, answer: two different mechanisms
MP3 was designed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) as part of its MPEG-1 standard and later extended in the MPEG-2 standard. The first subgroup for audio was formed by several teams of engineers at Fraunhofer IIS, University of Hannover, AT&T-Bell Labs, Thomson-Brandt, CCETT, and others. MPEG-1 Audio (MPEG-1 Part 3), which included MPEG-1 Audio Layer I, II and III was approved as a committee draft of ISO/IEC standard in 1991, finalised in 1992 and published in 1993 (ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993). Backwards compatible MPEG-2 Audio (MPEG-2 Part 3) with additional bit rates and sample rates was published in 1995 (ISO/IEC 13818-3:1995).

question: Who designed MP3?, answer: Moving Picture Experts Group | question: What was the first standard that this group had?, answer: MPEG-1 | question: The first standard later developed into which standard?, answer: MPEG-2 | question: When was the draft passed to have MPEG-1 Audio approved as a standard?, answer: 1991 | question: When was MPEG-2 Audio finally published?, answer: 1995
MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III, more commonly referred to as MP3, is an audio coding format for digital audio which uses a form of lossy data compression. It is a common audio format for consumer audio streaming or storage, as well as a de facto standard of digital audio compression for the transfer and playback of music on most digital audio players.

question: What is the common name for MPEG-2 Audio Layer III?, answer: MP3 | question: What kind of audio is the coding format for?, answer: digital | question: Other than storage, what is the common audio format used for?, answer: consumer audio streaming | question: What does MP3 use to format it's data?, answer: lossy data compression | question: Where will MP3 files most commonly be found?, answer: digital audio players
Maas comments further that "A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript". The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the tradition. That exemplar is known as the archetype. "If we succeed in establishing the text of [the archetype], the constitutio (reconstruction of the original) is considerably advanced.

question: What is the first goal when attempting to analyze a new text?, answer: identification of the first exemplar | question: Why is finding the first exemplar important in textual criticism?, answer: split in the tradition | question: The exemplar is otherwise known as what?, answer: the archetype | question: The final product of reconstruction is known as what?, answer: the constitutio
Mac OS continued to evolve up to version 9.2.2, including retrofits such as the addition of a nanokernel and support for Multiprocessing Services 2.0 in Mac OS 8.6, though its dated architecture made replacement necessary. Initially developed in the Pascal programming language, it was substantially rewritten in C++ for System 7. From its beginnings on an 8 MHz machine with 128 KB of RAM, it had grown to support Apple's latest 1 GHz G4-equipped Macs. Since its architecture was laid down, features that were already common on Apple's competition, like preemptive multitasking and protected memory, had become feasible on the kind of hardware Apple manufactured. As such, Apple introduced Mac OS X, a fully overhauled Unix-based successor to Mac OS 9. OS X uses Darwin, XNU, and Mach as foundations, and is based on NeXTSTEP. It was released to the public in September 2000, as the Mac OS X Public Beta, featuring a revamped user interface called "Aqua". At US$29.99, it allowed adventurous Mac users to sample Apple's new operating system and provide feedback for the actual release. The initial version of Mac OS X, 10.0 "Cheetah", was released on March 24, 2001. Older Mac OS applications could still run under early Mac OS X versions, using an environment called "Classic". Subsequent releases of Mac OS X included 10.1 "Puma" (2001), 10.2 "Jaguar" (2002), 10.3 "Panther" (2003) and 10.4 "Tiger" (2005).

question: What did dated architecture on the Mac OS line make necessary?, answer: replacement | question: What programming language was the Mac OS initially developed in?, answer: Pascal | question: What language replaced Pascal for System 7?, answer: C++ | question: What was the fuly overhauled successor to Mac OS 9?, answer: Mac OS X | question: Upon release, what interface allowed Mac users to sample Apple's new operating system and provide feedback for the actual release?, answer: Aqua
Mach argued that, in effect, the water experiment in an otherwise empty universe would remain flat. But if another object were introduced into this universe, perhaps a distant star, there would now be something relative to which the bucket could be seen as rotating. The water inside the bucket could possibly have a slight curve. To account for the curve that we observe, an increase in the number of objects in the universe also increases the curvature in the water. Mach argued that the momentum of an object, whether angular or linear, exists as a result of the sum of the effects of other objects in the universe (Mach's Principle).

question: What did Mach argue about the water experiment in an otherwise empty universe?, answer: would remain flat | question: What did Mach argue would happen if another object were introduce in the bucket's universe?, answer: the bucket could be seen as rotating | question: What does the increase in the number of objects in the universe do to the curvature of the water?, answer: increases the curvature | question: The Mach argument is called what?, answer: Mach's Principle | question: Mach argued that the momentum of an object exists as a result of the sum of the effects of what?, answer: effects of other objects in the universe
Mach suggested that thought experiments like the bucket argument are problematic. If we were to imagine a universe that only contains a bucket, on Newton's account, this bucket could be set to spin relative to absolute space, and the water it contained would form the characteristic concave surface. But in the absence of anything else in the universe, it would be difficult to confirm that the bucket was indeed spinning. It seems equally possible that the surface of the water in the bucket would remain flat.

question: How did Mach describe thought experiments like the bucket argument?, answer: problematic | question: What is difficult to confirm about the bucket in the absence of anything else in the universe?, answer: that the bucket was indeed spinning | question: What was equally possible about the surface of the water in the bucket?, answer: would remain flat.
Machine languages and the assembly languages that represent them (collectively termed low-level programming languages) tend to be unique to a particular type of computer. For instance, an ARM architecture computer (such as may be found in a PDA or a hand-held videogame) cannot understand the machine language of an Intel Pentium or the AMD Athlon 64 computer that might be in a PC.

question: An ARM architecture computer can be found in what?, answer: a PDA or a hand-held videogame
Machine vision systems often require bright and homogeneous illumination, so features of interest are easier to process. LEDs are often used for this purpose, and this is likely to remain one of their major uses until the price drops low enough to make signaling and illumination uses more widespread. Barcode scanners are the most common example of machine vision, and many low cost products use red LEDs instead of lasers. Optical computer mice are an example of LEDs in machine vision, as it is used to provide an even light source on the surface for the miniature camera within the mouse. LEDs constitute a nearly ideal light source for machine vision systems for several reasons:

question: LEDs are often used for what type of systems?, answer: Machine vision | question: Why are LEDs preferred for machine vision systems?, answer: so features of interest are easier to process | question: What can help make LEDs more widely used?, answer: price drops | question: What is the most common example of a machine vision system?, answer: Barcode scanners | question: Where are some LEDs in machine vision systems found?, answer: Optical computer mice
Madaris were largely centred on the study of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). The ijāzat al-tadrīs wa-al-iftāʼ ("licence to teach and issue legal opinions") in the medieval Islamic legal education system had its origins in the 9th century after the formation of the madhāhib (schools of jurisprudence). George Makdisi considers the ijāzah to be the origin of the European doctorate. However, in an earlier article, he considered the ijāzah to be of "fundamental difference" to the medieval doctorate, since the former was awarded by an individual teacher-scholar not obliged to follow any formal criteria, whereas the latter was conferred on the student by the collective authority of the faculty. To obtain an ijāzah, a student "had to study in a guild school of law, usually four years for the basic undergraduate course" and ten or more years for a post-graduate course. The "doctorate was obtained after an oral examination to determine the originality of the candidate's theses", and to test the student's "ability to defend them against all objections, in disputations set up for the purpose." These were scholarly exercises practised throughout the student's "career as a graduate student of law." After students completed their post-graduate education, they were awarded ijazas giving them the status of faqīh 'scholar of jurisprudence', muftī 'scholar competent in issuing fatwās', and mudarris 'teacher'.

question: What term refers to Islamic law?, answer: fiqh | question: When did Islamic law school begin?, answer: 9th century | question: How long did a student have to study law, in early Islamic law graduate schools, in order to graduate?, answer: ten or more years | question: What traditional schooling has been considered modeled after the traditional Islamic graduate schools?, answer: European doctorate
Madonna Louise Ciccone (/tʃɪˈkoʊni/; Italian: [tʃikˈkoːne]; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. She achieved popularity by pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music and imagery in her music videos, which became a fixture on MTV. Madonna is known for reinventing both her music and image, and for maintaining her autonomy within the recording industry. Music critics have acclaimed her musical productions, which have generated some controversy. Often referred to as the "Queen of Pop", she is often cited as an influence by other artists.

question: What is Madonna's real name?, answer: Madonna Louise Ciccone | question: When was Madonna born?, answer: August 16, 1958 | question: Which is the other name that Madonna is always referred as?, answer: Queen of Pop | question: Madonna became a fixture on which TV channel?, answer: MTV | question: Who is known for maintaining her autonomy and reinventing her image in the music industry?, answer: Madonna
Madonna also began work on her thirteenth studio album, with collaborators including Avicii, Diplo and Natalia Kills. In December 2014, thirteen demos recorded for the album leaked onto the Internet. She posted in response that half of the tracks would not be used on the final release, while the other half had "changed and evolved". The album, titled Rebel Heart, was released on March 10, 2015. From September 2015, she embarked on the Rebel Heart Tour to promote the album; the tour ended in March 2016 and traveled throughout North America, Europe and Asia and was the singer's first visit to Australia in 23 years, where she also performed a one-off show for her fans. It grossed a total of $169.8 million from the 82 shows, with over 1.045 million ticket sales. While on tour Madonna became embroiled in a legal battle with Ritchie, over the custody of her son Rocco. The dispute started when Rocco decided to continue living at England with Ritchie when the Rebel Heart Tour had visited there, while Madonna wanted him to return with her. Court hearings took place in both New York and London, and after multiple deliberations, Madonna decided to withdraw her application for custody, and appealed for a mutual discussion between herself and Ritchie about Rocco.

question: When did Madonna's album demo leaked online?, answer: December 2014 | question: What is Madonna's thirteenth album called?, answer: Rebel Heart | question: When was Rebel Heart released?, answer: March 10, 2015 | question: When did Madonna embark on the Rebel Heart Tour?, answer: September 2015 | question: How much did Rebel Heart Tour grossed?, answer: $169.8 million
Madonna embarked on the Confessions Tour in May 2006, which had a global audience of 1.2 million and grossed over $193.7 million, becoming the highest-grossing tour to that date for a female artist. Madonna used religious symbols, such as the crucifix and Crown of Thorns, in the performance of "Live to Tell". It caused the Russian Orthodox Church and the Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia to urge all their members to boycott her concert. At the same time, the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) announced officially that Madonna had sold over 200 million copies for her albums alone worldwide.

question: When did the Confessions Tour start?, answer: May 2006 | question: How much did the Confessions Tour make?, answer: over $193.7 million | question: Why did the Russian Orthodox Church and Federation of Jewish Communities of Russian asked members to boycott the concert?, answer: used religious symbols | question: It was confirmed by IFPI that Madonna officially sold how many albums worldwide?, answer: over 200 million
Madonna entered mainstream films in February 1985, beginning with a brief appearance as a club singer in Vision Quest, a romantic drama film. Its soundtrack contained two new singles, her U.S. number-one single, "Crazy for You" and "Gambler". She also appeared in the comedy Desperately Seeking Susan in March 1985, a film which introduced the song "Into the Groove", her first number one single in the United Kingdom. Although Madonna was not the lead actress for the film, her profile was such that the movie widely became considered (and marketed) as a Madonna vehicle. The New York Times film critic Vincent Canby named it one of the ten best films of 1985.

question: When did Madonna enter mainstream films?, answer: February 1985 | question: What is the name of the romantic drama film that Madonna starred in?, answer: Vision Quest | question: When did Madonna appear in the comedy Desperately Seeking Susan?, answer: March 1985 | question: What is the name of Madonna's two new singles?, answer: "Crazy for You" and "Gambler" | question: What song did the comedy Desperately Seeking Susan promote?, answer: "Into the Groove"
Madonna experimented with more folk and acoustic music in Music (2000) and American Life (2003). A change was noted in the content of the songs in Music, with most of them being simple love songs, but with an underlying tone of melancholy. According to Q magazine, American Life was characterized by "a thumping techno rhythm, liquid keyboard lines, an acoustic chorus and a bizarre Madonna rap." The "conventional rock songs" of the album were suffused with dramatic lyrics about patriotism and composition, including the appearance of a gospel choir in the song "Nothing Fails". Madonna returned to pure dance songs with Confessions on a Dance Floor, infusing club beats and retro music with the lyrics about paradoxical metaphors and reference to her earlier works. Madonna moved to urban direction with Hard Candy (2008), mixing R&B and hip hop music with dance tunes. MDNA (2012) largely focused in electronic dance music, which she has embraced since Ray of Light.

question: What type of music did Madonna experimented with in Music?, answer: folk and acoustic | question: Most of the songs in Music are what type of songs?, answer: simple love songs, | question: What type of songs are in Confessions of a Dance floor?, answer: dance songs | question: What type of songs does Hard Candy have?, answer: urban direction | question: MDNA focuses on which type of music?, answer: electronic dance music
Madonna gave another provocative performance later that year at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards, while singing "Hollywood" with Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, and Missy Elliott. Madonna sparked controversy for kissing Spears and Aguilera suggestively during the performance. In October 2003, Madonna provided guest vocals on Spears' single "Me Against the Music". It was followed with the release of Remixed & Revisited. The EP contained remixed versions of songs from American Life and included "Your Honesty", a previously unreleased track from the Bedtime Stories recording sessions. Madonna also signed a contract with Callaway Arts & Entertainment to be the author of five children's books. The first of these books, titled The English Roses, was published in September 2003. The story was about four English schoolgirls and their envy and jealousy of each other. Kate Kellway from The Guardian commented, "[Madonna] is an actress playing at what she can never be—a JK Rowling, an English rose." The book debuted at the top of The New York Times Best Seller list and became the fastest-selling children's picture book of all time.

question: Who did Madonna kiss at the MTV Video Music Awards?, answer: Spears and Aguilera | question: When did Madonna collaborated as guest vocals for Spears single?, answer: October 2003 | question: Madonna signed a contract with Callaway Arts and Entertainment to be a writer of what type of books?, answer: children's books | question: What was the title of the first book Madonna penned?, answer: The English Roses, | question: When was the The English Roses published?, answer: September 2003
Madonna has received acclaim as a role model for businesswomen in her industry, "achieving the kind of financial control that women had long fought for within the industry", and generating over $1.2 billion in sales within the first decade of her career. Professor Colin Barrow from Cranfield School of Management described Madonna as "America's smartest businesswoman ... who has moved to the top of her industry and stayed there by constantly reinventing herself." London Business School academics called her a "dynamic entrepreneur" worth copying; they identified her vision of success, her understanding of the music industry, her ability to recognize her own performance limits (and thus bring in help), her willingness to work hard and her ability to adapt as the keys to her commercial success. Morton wrote that "Madonna is opportunistic, manipulative, and ruthless—somebody who won't stop until she gets what she wants—and that's something you can get at the expense of maybe losing your close ones. But that hardly mattered to her." Hazel Blackmore and Rafael Fernández de Castro in the book ¿Qué es Estados Unidos? from the Fondo de Cultura Económica, noted: "Madonna has been undoubtedly the most important woman in the history of popular music and a great businesswoman in herself; creating fashion, breaking taboos and provoking controversies."

question: Who is an acclaim role model business woman?, answer: Madonna | question: Madonna generated how much in sales in the first 10 years of her career?, answer: $1.2 billion in | question: Who called Madonna a dynamic entrepreneur?, answer: London Business School academics | question: Who wrote that Madonna is opportunistic, manipulative and ruthless?, answer: Morton