lmqg/qag_squad huggingface dataset:
A wide range of beliefs and practices is found across the world among those who call themselves Christian. Denominations and sects disagree on a common definition of "Christianity". For example, Timothy Beal notes the disparity of beliefs among those who identify as Christians in the United States as follows:

question: While Christianity is ultimately one belief, a wide range of what is found among the different denominations and sects?, answer: beliefs and practices
A widely publicised example of institutionalised sexual slavery are "comfort women", a euphemism for the 200,000 women, mostly from Korea and China, who served in the Japanese army's camps during World War II. Some 35 Dutch comfort women brought a successful case before the Batavia Military Tribunal in 1948. In 1993, Chief Cabinet Secretary Yohei Kono said that women were coerced into brothels run by Japan's wartime military. Other Japanese leaders have apologized, including former Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi in 2001. In 2007, then-Prime Minister Shinzō Abe claimed: "The fact is, there is no evidence to prove there was coercion."

question: How many women are believed to have been sexual slaves for the Japenese Army?, answer: 200,000 | question: In 1948, how many Dutch women brought a case to the Batavia Military Tribunal?, answer: 35 | question: In 2001 which Japanese Prime <Minister apologized for the brothels., answer: Junichiro Koizumi | question: In 2007 which Japenese Prime Minister said there was no proof of coercion of women to be sexual slaves?, answer: Shinzō Abe | question: Where were the sexual slave women mostly from?, answer: Korea and China
A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequencies such as 2.5 GHz (EBS/BRS), 3.65 GHz (NN) and in the UHF band (including the MMDS frequency band) and LMDS.[citation needed]

question: What is a WISP?, answer: wireless Internet service provider | question: What technology is part of a WISP?, answer: commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment | question: What are some bands that Wi-Fi can operate over?, answer: 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands | question: What is a wireless internet service provider's network based on?, answer: wireless networking
A working group consisting of Leon van de Kerkhof (The Netherlands), Gerhard Stoll (Germany), Leonardo Chiariglione (Italy), Yves-François Dehery (France), Karlheinz Brandenburg (Germany) and James D. Johnston (USA) took ideas from ASPEC, integrated the filter bank from Layer 2, added some of their own ideas and created MP3, which was designed to achieve the same quality at 128 kbit/s as MP2 at 192 kbit/s.

question: What did the working group integrate their ideas with?, answer: filter bank | question: Where was the filter bank taken from?, answer: Layer 2 | question: What did the working group take ideas from?, answer: ASPEC | question: What did the working group eventually create?, answer: MP3 | question: What quality were they hoping to match at 128 kbit/s?, answer: MP2 at 192 kbit/s
A wrestler can win by knockout (sometimes referred to as a referee stoppage) if they do not resort to submission holds, but stills pummels their opponent to the point that they are unconscious or are unable to intelligently defend themselves. To check for a knockout in this manner, a referee will wave their hand in front of the wrestler's face; if the wrestler does not react in any way, the referee will award the victory to the other wrestler. If all the active wrestlers in a match are down inside the ring at the same time, the referee will begin a count (usually ten seconds, twenty in Japan). If nobody rises to their feet by the end of the count, the match is ruled a draw. Any participant who stands up in time will end the count for everyone else. In a Last Man Standing match, this form of a knockout is the only way that the match can end, so the referee will count when one or more wrestlers are down, and one wrestler standing up before the 10-count doesn't stop the count for another wrestler who is still down.

question: How does a referee check for a knockout?, answer: a referee will wave their hand in front of the wrestler's face | question: What happens if all wrestlers are down?, answer: If nobody rises to their feet by the end of the count, the match is ruled a draw. | question: If all wrestlers are down, how long do they have to rise?, answer: usually ten seconds, twenty in Japan | question: What kind of match has to end in a knockout?, answer: Last Man Standing | question: What is another name for a knockout?, answer: referee stoppage
A wrestler may voluntarily submit by verbally informing the referee (usually used in moves such as the Mexican Surfboard, where all four limbs are incapacitated, making tapping impossible). Also, since Ken Shamrock (a legitimate UFC competitor in its early days) popularized it in 1997, a wrestler can indicate a voluntary submission by "tapping out", that is, tapping a free hand against the mat or against an opponent. Occasionally, a wrestler will reach for a rope (see rope breaks below), only to put their hand back on the mat so they can crawl towards the rope some more; this is not a submission, and the referee decides what their intent is.

question: How can a wrestler willingly submit?, answer: verbally informing the referee | question: What is the move called where all limbs are incapicitated?, answer: Mexican Surfboard | question: What can a wrestler do to show a willing submission?, answer: tapping out
A wrestler's championship accomplishments can be central to their career, becoming a measure of their performance ability and drawing power. In general, a wrestler with multiple title reigns or an extended title reign is indicative of a wrestler's ability to maintain audience interest and/or a wrestler's ability to perform in the ring. As such, the most accomplished or decorated wrestlers tend to be revered as legends despite the predetermined nature of title reigns. American wrestler Ric Flair has had multiple world heavyweight championship reigns spanning over three decades. Japanese wrestler Último Dragón once held and defended a record 10 titles simultaneously.

question: What does it show when a wrestler has many titles?, answer: ability to maintain audience interest and/or a wrestler's ability to perform in the ring | question: What can be important in a wrestler's career?, answer: championship accomplishments | question: What do those accomplishments indicate?, answer: performance ability and drawing power | question: What has Ric Flair accomplished?, answer: multiple world heavyweight championship reigns spanning over three decades | question: Who held 10 records at once?, answer: Último Dragón
A wrestling match may be declared a no contest if the winning conditions are unable to occur. This can be due to excessive interference, loss of referee's control over the match, one or more participants sustaining debilitating injury not caused by the opponent, or the inability of a scheduled match to even begin. A no contest is a state separate and distinct from a draw — a draw indicates winning conditions were met. Although the terms are sometimes used interchangeably in practice, this usage is technically incorrect.

question: What kind of injury can cause a no contest ruling?, answer: debilitating | question: How is no contest related to a draw, if at all?, answer: state separate and distinct from a draw | question: How can a referee's action result in a no contest?, answer: loss of referee's control over the match
A year later, at the height of the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, the Australian Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam, was dismissed from his post by Governor-General Sir John Kerr, after the Opposition-controlled Senate rejected Whitlam's budget proposals. As Whitlam had a majority in the House of Representatives, Speaker Gordon Scholes appealed to the Queen to reverse Kerr's decision. She declined, stating that she would not interfere in decisions reserved by the Constitution of Australia for the governor-general. The crisis fuelled Australian republicanism.

question: During the Australian constitutional crisis, what Prime Minister was dismissed?, answer: Gough Whitlam | question: Who dismissed Whilam from the post of Australian Prime Minister?, answer: Governor-General Sir John Kerr | question: Who appealed to Elizabeth to reverse the dismissal of Whitlam?, answer: Speaker Gordon Scholes | question: What did Whitlam have in the House of Representatives?, answer: a majority | question: What did Elizabeth decline to do in response to the appeal by Scholes?, answer: interfere
A zygote initially develops into a hollow sphere, called a blastula, which undergoes rearrangement and differentiation. In sponges, blastula larvae swim to a new location and develop into a new sponge. In most other groups, the blastula undergoes more complicated rearrangement. It first invaginates to form a gastrula with a digestive chamber, and two separate germ layers — an external ectoderm and an internal endoderm. In most cases, a mesoderm also develops between them. These germ layers then differentiate to form tissues and organs.

question: What is the hollow sphere that a zygote initially develops into called?, answer: blastula | question: In sponges, how do blastula develop into a new sponge?, answer: swim to a new location | question: What are the 2 germ layers formed by most blastula?, answer: an external ectoderm and an internal endoderm | question: What may be formed between the external ectoderm and an internal endoderm layers?, answer: mesoderm | question: What do the external ectoderm and an internal endoderm layers develop into?, answer: tissues and organs
A. A. Luce and John Foster are other subjectivists. Luce, in Sense without Matter (1954), attempts to bring Berkeley up to date by modernizing his vocabulary and putting the issues he faced in modern terms, and treats the Biblical account of matter and the psychology of perception and nature. Foster's The Case for Idealism argues that the physical world is the logical creation of natural, non-logical constraints on human sense-experience. Foster's latest defense of his views is in his book A World for Us: The Case for Phenomenalistic Idealism.

question: What sort of thinkers were Foster and Luce?, answer: subjectivists | question: What book was written by A.A. Luce?, answer: Sense without Matter | question: What year saw the publication of Sense without Matter?, answer: 1954 | question: Who wrote A World for Us: The Case for Phenomenalistic Idealism?, answer: Foster | question: Whose work is Sense without Matter regarded as updating?, answer: Berkeley
AA gunnery was a difficult business. The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory. This was called deflection gun-laying, 'off-set' angles for range and elevation were set on the gunsight and updated as their target moved. In this method when the sights were on the target, the barrel was pointed at the target's future position. Range and height of the target determined fuse length. The difficulties increased as aircraft performance improved.

question: What was the problem with AA gunnery?, answer: successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position | question: Different things could affect what with the shell?, answer: predicted trajectory | question: What was updated on the gunsight as a target moved?, answer: 'off-set' angles for range and elevation | question: Where was the barrel pointed when the sights were on a target?, answer: the target's future position | question: What two things figured the fuse length?, answer: Range and height of the target
AAA battalions were also used to help suppress ground targets. Their larger 90 mm M3 gun would prove, as did the eighty-eight, to make an excellent anti-tank gun as well, and was widely used late in the war in this role. Also available to the Americans at the start of the war was the 120 mm M1 gun stratosphere gun, which was the most powerful AA gun with an impressive 60,000 ft (18 km) altitude capability. No 120 M1 was ever fired at an enemy aircraft. The 90 mm and 120 mm guns would continue to be used into the 1950s.

question: What was also utilized to control ground targets?, answer: AAA battalions | question: Along with the 88, what other AAA battalion gun made a good anti-tank weapon?, answer: 90 mm M3 gun | question: What did the Americans use at the beginning of the war?, answer: 120 mm M1 gun stratosphere gun | question: What was the altitude range in feet of the stratosphere gun?, answer: 60,000 ft | question: What decade were the 90 and 120 millimeter guns used until?, answer: 1950s
AC radio stations may play mainstream music, but they will exclude hip hop, dance tracks, hard rock, and some forms of teen pop, as they are less popular amongst the target demographic of these radio stations, which is intended for an adult audience. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years is that many adult contemporary stations play less newer music because they also give ample airtime to hits of the past, so the de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.

question: What age group does adult contemporary radio typically focus on?, answer: 25–44 | question: Along with teen pop, dance and hard rock, what form of music is typically not heard on AC radio?, answer: hip hop | question: When did advertisers begin to focus on the adult contemporary age demographic?, answer: 1960s | question: What type of music are AC stations noted as playing less of versus hits of the past?, answer: newer music
ADSL-broadband service is provided with maximum speeds of up to 1536 KBit/s downstream and 512 KBit/s upstream offered on contract levels from lite £16 per month to gold+ at £190 per month. There are a few public WiFi hotspots in Jamestown, which are also being operated by SURE (formerly Cable & Wireless).

question: What kind of broadband service is provided on the island?, answer: ADSL | question: What is the maximum speed of the broadband service?, answer: 1536 KBit/s downstream and 512 KBit/s upstream | question: What is the lite price of the broadband service?, answer: £16 per month | question: What is the gold price of the broadband service?, answer: £190 per month | question: What location has a few public wifi spots available to the public?, answer: Jamestown
AFL Global and Ganlan Media were created in 2012 by businessman Martin E. Judge, founder and owner of the Judge Group. The company, called AFL Global, LLC, looks to introduce and launch professional Arena Football teams and franchises in various locations throughout the world (like NFL Europe). After their successful trip to China to help promote the game, they formally announced plans to further develop AFL China by the fall of 2014 by starting a comprehensive training program in May 2013 with exhibition games planned for the cities of Beijing and Guangzhou in October. This is the first time professional football of any kind will be played in China with the support of the Chinese government and the CRFA (Chinese Rugby Football Association). Key persons involved include founder and CEO. Martin E. Judge, partner Ron Jaworski, CAFL CEO Gary Morris and president David Niu. Ganlan Media has since dropped this name and will carry the league's name as its corporate identity.

question: Who created Ganlan Media?, answer: Martin E. Judge | question: What company is Martin Judge the founder of?, answer: the Judge Group | question: In what year was AFL Global created?, answer: 2012 | question: In what month was an exhibition game planned for Guangzhou?, answer: October | question: Who is the Chief Executive Officer of the China American Football League?, answer: Gary Morris
AFSCs range from officer specialties such as pilot, combat systems officer, missile launch officer, intelligence officer, aircraft maintenance officer, judge advocate general (JAG), medical doctor, nurse or other fields, to various enlisted specialties. The latter range from flight combat operations such as a gunner, to working in a dining facility to ensure that members are properly fed. There are additional occupational fields such as computer specialties, mechanic specialties, enlisted aircrew, communication systems, cyberspace operations, avionics technicians, medical specialties, civil engineering, public affairs, hospitality, law, drug counseling, mail operations, security forces, and search and rescue specialties.

question: What kind of AFSC is a JAG?, answer: judge advocate general | question: What is one of the many types of AFSC employed by the USAF?, answer: missile launch officer | question: What is an example of an occupational field position in the USAF?, answer: computer specialties
AOC Bomber Command Arthur Harris did see German morale as a major objective. However, he did not believe that the morale-collapse could occur without the destruction of the German economy. The primary goal of Bomber Command's offensives was to destroy the German industrial base (economic warfare), and in doing so reduce morale. In late 1943, just before the Battle of Berlin, he declared the power of Bomber Command would enable it to achieve "a state of devastation in which surrender is inevitable." A summary of Harris' strategic intentions was clear:

question: Without what could morale collapse occur according to Arthur Harris?, answer: without the destruction of the German economy. | question: What was the primary strategy for Bomber Command offensives?, answer: to destroy the German industrial base (economic warfare), and in doing so reduce morale | question: Arthur Harris announced that Bomber Command would enable economic warfare to achieve what?, answer: "a state of devastation in which surrender is inevitable."
ARC was acquired in 1938 by the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS, which, in turn, had been formed by the Columbia Phonograph Company, but then sold off). ARC was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation. The Columbia Phonograph Company had international subsidiaries and affiliates such as the Columbia Graphophone Company in the United Kingdom, but they were sold off prior to CBS acquiring American Columbia. RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein convinced CBS head William S. Paley to buy ARC and Paley made Wallerstein head of the newly acquired record company. The renamed company made Columbia its flagship label with Okeh its subsidiary label while deemphasizing ARC's other labels. This allowed ARC's leased labels Brunswick Records and Vocalion Records to revert to former owner Warner Bros. which sold the labels to Decca Records. Columbia kept the Brunswick catalogue recorded from December 1931 onward which was reissued on the Columbia label as well as the Vocalion label material from the same time period which was reissued on the Okeh label. Wallerstein, who was promoted at the end of 1947 from president to chairman of the record company, restored Columbia's status as a leading record company and spearheaded the successful introduction of the long playing (LP) record before he retired as Columbia's chairman in 1951. James Conkling then became head of Columbia Records. Also in 1951, Columbia severed its ties with the EMI-owned record label of the same name and began a UK distribution deal with Philips Records, whereas Okeh Records continued to be distributed by EMI on the Columbia label.

question: Who bought out ARC?, answer: Columbia Broadcasting System | question: In what year was ARC bought?, answer: 1938 | question: What did CBS call ARC after buying it?, answer: Columbia Recording Corporation | question: Who was the head of CBS at the time?, answer: William S. Paley | question: Who convinced Paley to buy ARC?, answer: RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein
ASCII (i/ˈæski/ ASS-kee), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character-encoding scheme (the IANA prefers the name US-ASCII). ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text. Most modern character-encoding schemes are based on ASCII, though they support many additional characters. ASCII was the most common character encoding on the World Wide Web until December 2007, when it was surpassed by UTF-8, which is fully backward compatibe to ASCII.

question: Who surpassed ASCII?, answer: UTF-8 | question: ASCI was the most common character encoding on the world wide web until when?, answer: December 2007 | question: What is the definition of ASCII?, answer: is a character-encoding scheme | question: What does ASCII code represent?, answer: text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text | question: What does ASCII stand for?, answer: American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASCII developed from telegraphic codes. Its first commercial use was as a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services. Work on the ASCII standard began on October 6, 1960, with the first meeting of the American Standards Association's (ASA) X3.2 subcommittee. The first edition of the standard was published during 1963, underwent a major revision during 1967, and experienced its most recent update during 1986. Compared to earlier telegraph codes, the proposed Bell code and ASCII were both ordered for more convenient sorting (i.e., alphabetization) of lists, and added features for devices other than teleprinters.

question: What was ASCII developed from?, answer: telegraphic codes | question: What was the first commercial use of ASCII?, answer: a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services | question: When did work on the ASCII standard begin?, answer: October 6, 1960 | question: When was the first edition of the standard published?, answer: 1963 | question: When was the first major revision of the code done?, answer: 1967
ASCII itself was first used commercially during 1963 as a seven-bit teleprinter code for American Telephone & Telegraph's TWX (TeletypeWriter eXchange) network. TWX originally used the earlier five-bit ITA2, which was also used by the competing Telex teleprinter system. Bob Bemer introduced features such as the escape sequence. His British colleague Hugh McGregor Ross helped to popularize this work – according to Bemer, "so much so that the code that was to become ASCII was first called the Bemer-Ross Code in Europe". Because of his extensive work on ASCII, Bemer has been called "the father of ASCII."

question: When was ASCII first commercially used?, answer: 1963 | question: What was it used for?, answer: a seven-bit teleprinter code for American Telephone & Telegraph's TWX (TeletypeWriter eXchange) network | question: What did TWX use before ASCII?, answer: five-bit ITA2 | question: Who is the father of ASCII?, answer: Bob Bemer | question: What was the code first called in Europe?, answer: Bemer-Ross Code
ASCII was incorporated into the Unicode character set as the first 128 symbols, so the 7-bit ASCII characters have the same numeric codes in both sets. This allows UTF-8 to be backward compatible with 7-bit ASCII, as a UTF-8 file containing only ASCII characters is identical to an ASCII file containing the same sequence of characters. Even more importantly, forward compatibility is ensured as software that recognizes only 7-bit ASCII characters as special and does not alter bytes with the highest bit set (as is often done to support 8-bit ASCII extensions such as ISO-8859-1) will preserve UTF-8 data unchanged.

question: ASCII was incorporated into what other character set?, answer: Unicode | question: How many of the symbols are the same in the beginning of the ASCII and Unicode?, answer: 128 symbols | question: What set is backward compatible with 7-bit ASCII?, answer: UTF-8