Columns: Date | Founder | Extroversion Scales | People-task orientation scale | Introverted, Task-Oriented | Extroverted, Task-Oriented | Extroverted, Relationship-Oriented | Introverted, Relationship Oriented | Moderate
c. 450 BC | Classical elements | Scales not recognized | Areas not recognized | earth | fire | air | water | ether | c. 400 BC | Hippocrates 's four humours | Scales not recognized | Areas not recognized | black bile | yellow bile | blood | phlegm | Not Recognized | c. 190 | Galen 's four temperaments | response-delay (quick, slow) | response-sustain (short, long) | melancholic | choleric | sanguine | phlegmatic | Not Recognized | c. 1900 | Alfred Adler 's four Styles of Life | "activity" | "social interest" | Avoiding | Ruling or Dominant | Socially Useful | Getting or Leaning | Not Recognized | c. 1928 | William Marston and John G. Geier DiSC assessment | Assertive/ Passive | Open/ Controlled | Conscien- tiousness | Dominance | Influence | Steadiness | Not Recognized | c. 1947 | Eric Fromm 's four Types of Character | assimilation | socialization | Hoarding | Exploitative | Marketing | Receptive | Not Recognized | 1958 | MBTI codes | E/I, | Informative/Directive (mapped by David Keirsey ) | ISTJ, INTJ, ISTP, INFJ | ESTJ, ENTJ, ESTP, ENFJ | ESFP, ENFP, ESFJ, ENTP | ISFP, INFP, ISFJ, INTP | Not Recognized | c. 1958 | William Schutz, FIRO -B | Expressed | Wanted | See FIRO article for score names. | See FIRO article for score names. | See FIRO article for score names. | See FIRO article for score names. | See FIRO article for score names. | c. 1960s | Stuart Atkins LIFO's four Orientations To Life | Planning vs.Doing | Directing vs. Inspiring | Conserving-Holding | Controlling-Taking | Adapting-Dealing | Supporting-Giving | Not Recognized | c. 1960s | David Merrill, " Social Styles " | Assertiveness (Ask-Tell) | Responsiveness (Control-Emote) | Analytical | Driving | Expressive | Amiable | Not Recognized | 1964 | Blake-Mouton Managerial Grid Model | Concern for People, Productivity | Areas not distinguished | Impoverished | Produce or Perish | Team Type | Country Club | Middle of the Road | c. 1966 | Temperament by LaHaye | Compares other instruments | Areas not distinguished | Melancholy | Choleric | Sanguine | Phlegmatic | "passive sanguine" | 1973 | Jay Hall Conflict Management | Concern for personal goals | Concern for relationships | Leave-lose/win | Win/lose | Synergistic; Win/win | Yield-lose/win | Mini-win/mini-lose | 1974 | Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Modes | Assertiveness | Cooperativeness | Avoiding | Competing | Collaborating | Accommodating | Compromising | c. 1984 | The Arno Profile System( Five Temperaments ) | Expressive | Responsive | Melancholy | Choleric | Sanguine | Supine | Phlegmatic | c. 1995 | Worley Identification Discovery Profile | Demonstrated, Desired | Social, Leadership, Relationship | Melancholy | Choleric | Sanguine | Phlegmatic | Introverted Sanguine | c. 1996 | Tony Alessandra Personality Styles | Indirect/Direct | Open/Guarded | Thinker | Director | Socializer | Relater | Not Recognized | c. 1998 | Hartman Personality Profile | Not recognized | Not recognized | Blue | Red | Yellow | White | Not recognized