Diamond simulant
Summary table
Columns: Material | Formula | Refractive index(es) 589.3nm | Hardness ( Mohs' scale ) | Density (g/cm 3 ) | State of the art
Diamond | C | 2.417 | 10 | 3.52 | (Natural) | Artificial Simulants: | Artificial Simulants: | Artificial Simulants: | Artificial Simulants: | Artificial Simulants: | Artificial Simulants: | es Glass | Silica with Pb , Al , &/or Tl | ~ 1.6 | < 6 | 2.4 – 4.2 | 1700 – | White Sapphire | Al 2 O 3 | 1.762 – 1.770 | 9 | 3.97 | 1900–1947 | Spinel | MgO·Al 2 O 3 | 1.727 | 8 | ~ 3.6 | 1920–1947 | Rutile | TiO 2 | 2.62 – 2.9 | ~ 6 | 4.25 | 1947–1955 | Strontium titanate | SrTiO 3 | 2.41 | 5.5 | 5.13 | 1955–1970 | YAG | Y 3 Al 5 O 12 | 1.83 | 8.25 | 4.55 – 4.65 | 1970–1975 | GGG | Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 | 1.97 | 7 | 7.02 | 1973–1975 | Cubic Zirconia | ZrO 2 (+ rare earths) | ~ 2.2 | ~ 8.3 | ~ 5.7 | 1976 – | Moissanite | SiC | 2.648 – 2.691 | 8.5–9.25 | 3.2 | 1998 – | Natural Simulants: | Natural Simulants: | Natural Simulants: | Natural Simulants: | Natural Simulants: | Natural Simulants: | Quartz | Silica | 1.543 – 1.554 | 7- | 2.50 – 2.65 | Ancient