user: ### NOW ANSWER:
Question: Who appointed Judge Edward E. Cushman?
Columns: ['Judge', 'State', 'Born/Died', 'Active service', 'Chief Judge', 'Senior status', 'Appointed by', 'Reason for termination']
Types: ['text', 'text', 'text', 'text', 'text', 'text', 'text', 'text']
Sample row: ['Cornelius Holgate Hanford', 'WA', '1849–1926', '1890–1912', '—', '—', 'Harrison', 'resignation']
SQL:

assistant: SELECT "Appointed by" FROM "Table" WHERE "Judge" = 'Edward E. Cushman';