Problem:


Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

Given is a rooted tree with N vertices numbered 1 to N.
The root is Vertex 1, and the i-th edge (1 \leq i \leq N - 1) connects Vertex a_i and b_i.

Each of the vertices has a counter installed. Initially, the counters on all the vertices have the value 0.

Now, the following Q operations will be performed:

Operation j (1 \leq j \leq Q): Increment by x_j the counter on every vertex contained in the subtree rooted at Vertex p_j.

Find the value of the counter on each vertex after all operations.

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5

1 \leq Q \leq 2 \times 10^5

1 \leq a_i < b_i \leq N

1 \leq p_j \leq N

1 \leq x_j \leq 10^4

The given graph is a tree.

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N Q
a_1 b_1
:
a_{N-1} b_{N-1}
p_1 x_1
:
p_Q x_Q

Output

Print the values of the counters on Vertex 1, 2, \ldots, N after all operations, in this order, with spaces in between.

Sample Input 1

4 3
1 2
2 3
2 4
2 10
1 100
3 1

Sample Output 1

100 110 111 110

The tree in this input is as follows:

Each operation changes the values of the counters on the vertices as follows:

Operation 1: Increment by 10 the counter on every vertex contained in the subtree rooted at Vertex 2, that is, Vertex 2, 3, 4. The values of the counters on Vertex 1, 2, 3, 4 are now 0, 10, 10, 10, respectively.

Operation 2: Increment by 100 the counter on every vertex contained in the subtree rooted at Vertex 1, that is, Vertex 1, 2, 3, 4. The values of the counters on Vertex 1, 2, 3, 4 are now 100, 110, 110, 110, respectively.

Operation 3: Increment by 1 the counter on every vertex contained in the subtree rooted at Vertex 3, that is, Vertex 3. The values of the counters on Vertex 1, 2, 3, 4 are now 100, 110, 111, 110, respectively.

Sample Input 2

6 2
1 2
1 3
2 4
3 6
2 5
1 10
1 10

Sample Output 2

20 20 20 20 20 20



Sample input:
4 3
1 2
2 3
2 4
2 10
1 100
3 1


Sample output:
100 110 111 110

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
N,Q = map(int,input().split())
Edge = [[] for _ in range(N+1)]

for _ in range(N-1):
    a,b, = map(int,input().split())
    Edge[a].append(b)
    Edge[b].append(a)

PX = [list(map(int,input().split())) for _ in range(Q)]

visited = [True for _ in range(N+1)]
visited[1] = False
stack = [1]
Ans = [0]*(N+1)

for p,x in PX:
    Ans[p] += x

while len(stack) > 0:
    nextnode = stack.pop()
    for e in Edge[nextnode]:
        if visited[e]:
            visited[e] = False
            stack.append(e)
            Ans[e] += Ans[nextnode]
print(*Ans[1:],sep = " ")

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:

memo = [-1] * (10**6)
def find(p, tree, query):
    global memo
    if p == 0:
        return 0
    if memo[p] < 0:
        memo[p] = find(tree[p], tree, query) + query[p]
    return memo[p]

def main():
    n, q = map(int, input().split())
    tree = [0]*(n+1)
    tree[1] = 0
    for _ in range(n-1):
        a, b = map(int, input().split())
        tree[b] = a
    query = [0] * (n+1)
    for _ in range(q):
        p, x = map(int, input().split())
        query[p] += x
    print(' '.join([str(find(i+1, tree, query)) for i in range(n)]))

main()

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
import sys
sys.setrecursionlimit(10**7)
def LI(): return [int(x) for x in sys.stdin.readline().split()]
def LI_(): return [int(x) - 1 for x in sys.stdin.readline().split()]
def LF(): return [float(x) for x in sys.stdin.readline().split()]
def LS(): return sys.stdin.readline().split()
def II(): return int(sys.stdin.readline())
def SI(): return sys.stdin.readline().strip()
INF = 10 ** 18
MOD = 10 ** 9 + 7

debug = True
debug = False

def dprint(*objects):
    if debug == True:
        print(*objects)


def solve():
    nodedict = {}

    preorder_list = []

    class Node:
        def __init__(self, id):
            self.id = id
            self.childlist = []
            self.p = 0
            self.walked = False

        def __repr__(self):
            return str(self.__dict__)

        def preorder(self, p):
            if self.walked:
                return 0

            self.p = self.p + p

            self.walked = True
            preorder_list.append(self.id)

            for child in self.childlist:
                child.preorder(self.p)

            return 0


    N, Q = LI()

    for i in range(1, N+1):
        nodedict[i] = Node(i)

    for i in range(N-1):
        a, b = LI()
        nodedict[a].childlist.append(nodedict[b])

    for i in range(Q):
        p, x = LI()
        nodedict[p].p += x

    # preorder
    nodedict[1].preorder(0)

    dprint(preorder_list)
    print(' '.join([str(nodedict[i].p) for i in range(1, N+1)]))

solve()

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
from collections import deque
n, q = [int(i) for i in input().split()]
g = [[] for i in range(n)]

for i in range(n-1):
    a, b = [int(_) for _ in input().split()]
    g[a-1].append(b)
c = [0 for i in range(n)]
for i in range(q):
    p, x = [int(_) for _ in input().split()]
    c[p-1] += x

q = deque([[1, c[0]]])
while len(q) != 0:
    p = q.popleft()
    for i in g[p[0]-1]:
        c[i-1] += p[1]
        q.append([i, c[i-1]])

print(*c)

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
from collections import deque
import sys
input = sys.stdin.readline
N, Q = map(int, input().split())
table = [[] for i in range(N)]
for i in range(N-1):
  a,b = map(int, input().split())
  a -= 1
  b -= 1
  table[a].append(b)
task = [0]*N
count = [0]*N
for i in range(Q):
  p,x = map(int,input().split())
  p -= 1
  task[p] += x
H = deque()
H.append(0)
while H:
  y = H.popleft()
  count[y] += task[y]
  for ny in table[y]:
    H.append(ny)
    count[ny] = count[y]
print(" ".join(map(str,count)))

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
import sys
input = sys.stdin.readline
sys.setrecursionlimit(900000)


N, Q = map(int, input().split())
graph = [[] for _ in range(N)]
for _ in range(N-1):
    a, b = map(int, input().split())
    graph[a-1].append(b-1)
    graph[b-1].append(a-1)
PX = [list(map(int, input().split())) for _ in range(Q)]

def dfs(p, s, checked, score):
    #print(p, s, score)
    ns = s + score[p]
    score[p] += s
    for q in graph[p]:
        if not checked[q]:
            checked[q] = True
            score = dfs(q, ns, checked, score)
    return score


def main():


    score = [0 for _ in range(N)]
    for p, x in PX:
        score[p-1] += x

    checked = [False for _ in range(N)]
    checked[0] = True
    
    ans = dfs(0, 0, checked, score)
    print(' '.join([str(a) for a in ans]))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
def main():
    N, Q = [int(s) for s in input().split()]
    adj = [[] for _ in range(N)]
    counters = [0] * N
    increments = [0] * N

    for _ in range(N - 1):
        a, b = [int(s) - 1 for s in input().split()]
        adj[a].append(b)
        adj[b].append(a)

    for _ in range(Q):
        p, x = [int(s) for s in input().split()]
        increments[p - 1] += x

    stack = [(0, 0, -1)]

    while stack:
        u, inc, parent = stack.pop()
        inc += increments[u]
        counters[u] += inc

        for v in adj[u]:
            if v != parent:
                stack.append((v, inc, u))

    print(' '.join(str(c) for c in counters))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
def main():
	n,q = map(int,input().split())
	rt = [[] for _ in range(n)]
	point = [0 for _ in range(n)]
	used = [False for _ in range(n)]
	ans = [0 for _ in range(n)]
	for _ in range(n-1):
		temp, temp2 = map(int, input().split())
		temp -= 1
		temp2 -= 1
		rt[temp2] = rt[temp2] + [temp]
	for _ in range(q):
		temp, temp2 = map(int,input().split())
		temp -= 1
		point[temp] += temp2
	def u(x):
		for i in rt[x]:
			if not(used[i]):
				ref = u(i)
				ans[x] += ref
			else:
				ans[x] += ans[i]
		ans[x] += point[x]
		used[x] = True
		return ans[x]
	for i in range(n):
		ref = u(i)
		print(str(ans[i]) + ("\n" if i == n-1 else " "), end= "")

main()

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
n, q = map(int,input().split())
nodes = [[[], 0] for _ in range(n)]

for _ in range(n-1):
    a, b = map(int, input().split())
    nodes[a-1][0].append(b-1)
for _ in range(q):
    p, q = map(int, input().split())
    nodes[p-1][1] += q

search_node = [0]

while len(search_node) > 0:
    n = search_node.pop()
    for i in nodes[n][0]:
        nodes[i][1] += nodes[n][1]
        search_node.append(i)


op = str(nodes[0][1])
for n in range(1, len(nodes)):
    op += " {}".format(nodes[n][1])
print(op)

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
import sys
input = sys.stdin.readline
sys.setrecursionlimit(10**6)

N, Q = map(int, input().split())
v = [[] for _ in range(N)]
for _ in range(N-1) :
    a, b = map(int, input().split())
    v[a-1].append(b-1)
    v[b-1].append(a-1)
    
pq = [0 for _ in range(N)]
for _ in range(Q) :
    p, q = map(int, input().split())
    pq[p-1] += q
    
visited = [False] * N
visited[0] = True

ret = [0] * N
def bfs(cur, score) :
    ret[cur] = score + pq[cur]
    for nex in v[cur] :
        if not visited[nex] :
            visited[nex] = True
            bfs(nex, ret[cur])

bfs(0, 0)
    
print(*ret)

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
import sys
from collections import defaultdict
from collections import deque

sys.setrecursionlimit(10**7)
INF = 10 ** 18
MOD = 10 ** 9 + 7
def LI(): return list(map(int, sys.stdin.readline().split()))
def II(): return int(sys.stdin.readline())
def LS(): return list(map(list, sys.stdin.readline().split()))
def S(): return list(sys.stdin.readline())[:-1]

def main():
    n, q = LI()
    g = defaultdict(list)
    for i in range(n-1):
        a, b = LI()
        g[a].append(b)
    c = [0 for i in range(n+1)]
    for i in range(q):
        p, x = LI()
        c[p] += x


    d = deque([1])
    while len(d) > 0:
        root = d.pop()
        chs = g[root]
        for ch in chs:
            c[ch] += c[root]
            d.append(ch)

    c = [str(i) for i in c]
    print(' '.join(c[1:]))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
#
# Yet I'm feeling like
# 	There is no better place than right by your side
# 		I had a little taste
# 			And I'll only spoil the party anyway
# 				'Cause all the girls are looking fine
# 					But you're the only one on my mind


import sys
#import re
# inf = float("inf")
sys.setrecursionlimit(10000000)

# abc='abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
# abd={'a': 0, 'b': 1, 'c': 2, 'd': 3, 'e': 4, 'f': 5, 'g': 6, 'h': 7, 'i': 8, 'j': 9, 'k': 10, 'l': 11, 'm': 12, 'n': 13, 'o': 14, 'p': 15, 'q': 16, 'r': 17, 's': 18, 't': 19, 'u': 20, 'v': 21, 'w': 22, 'x': 23, 'y': 24, 'z': 25}
# mod,MOD=1000000007,998244353
# vow=['a','e','i','o','u']
# dx,dy=[-1,1,0,0],[0,0,1,-1]

# from cmath import sqrt
from collections import deque, Counter, OrderedDict,defaultdict
from heapq import nsmallest, nlargest, heapify,heappop ,heappush, heapreplace
# from math import ceil,floor,log,sqrt,factorial,pow,pi,gcd,log10,atan,tan
# from bisect import bisect_left,bisect_right
# import numpy as np

def dfs(curr,parent):
    visited[curr]=True
    value[curr]+=value[parent]
    for i in mydict[curr]:
        if not visited[i]:
            dfs(i,curr)


def get_array(): return list(map(int , sys.stdin.readline().strip().split()))
def get_ints(): return map(int, sys.stdin.readline().strip().split())
def input(): return sys.stdin.readline().strip()

n,q=get_ints()
mydict=defaultdict(list)
parent=[0]*(n+1)
for i in range(n-1):
    a,b=get_ints()
    mydict[a].append(b)
    parent[b]=a

value=[0]*(n+1)
while q>0:
    index,score=get_ints()
    value[index]+=score
    q-=1

visited=[False]*(n+1)
dfs(1,0)

print(*value[1:])

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
n,q=[int(i) for i in input().split()]
g={}
val=[0]*n
vis=[0]*n
for i in range(n-1):
  a,b=[int(i) for i in input().split()]
  if a-1 in g:g[a-1].append(b-1)
  else:g[a-1]=[b-1,]
for i in range(q):
  a,b=[int(i) for i in input().split()]
  val[a-1]+=b
stack=[]
stack.append(0)
vis[0]=1
while(len(stack)>0):
  p=stack.pop()
  if p in g:
    for i in g[p]:
      if vis[i]==0 :
        val[i]=val[i]+val[p]
        stack.append(i)
        vis[i]=1
for i in val:print(i,end=" ")
print(" ")

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
n,m=map(int,input().split())
ab=[list(map(int,input().split())) for _ in range(n-1)]
pq=[list(map(int,input().split())) for _ in range(m)]
ab2=sorted(ab, key=lambda x:x[0])
pq2=sorted(pq, key=lambda x:x[0])

res=[0 for _ in range(n)]
for p,q in pq2:
	res[p-1]+=q
for a,b in ab2:
	res[b-1]+=res[a-1]
ans=str(res[0])
for i in range(1,n):
	ans+=" "+(str(res[i]))
print(ans)

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
n, q = [ int(v) for v in input().split() ]
value_list = [ 0 for i in range(n) ]
connect_list = [ [] for i in range(n) ]
for i in range(n-1):
    a, b = [ int(v)-1 for v in input().split() ]
    connect_list[a].append(b)
    connect_list[b].append(a)
for i in range(q):
    c, p = [ int(v)-1 for v in input().split() ]
    value_list[c] += p + 1


serached_list = [ 0 for i in range(n) ]

search_list= connect_list[0]
serached_list[0] = 1
for i in connect_list[0]:
    value_list[i] += value_list[0] 


while search_list != []:
    new_search_list = []
    for i in search_list:
        serached_list[i] = 1
        for j in connect_list[i]:
            if serached_list[j] == 0:
                value_list[j] += value_list[i] 
                new_search_list.append(j)
    search_list = new_search_list
print(*value_list)

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
N, Q = map(int, input().split())
EDGES = [list(map(int, input().split())) for i in range(N-1)]
OPES = [list(map(int, input().split())) for i in range(Q)]
VALUES = [0 for i in range(N)]
#operation1
for o in OPES:
    VALUES[o[0]-1] += o[1]
#operation2
EDGES.sort(key=lambda e:e[0])
for e in EDGES:
    VALUES[e[1]-1] += VALUES[e[0]-1]
print(" ".join(map(str, VALUES)))

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
N,Q = map(int,input().split())

adj = [list() for _ in range(N)]
for _ in range(N-1):
    a,b = map(int,input().split())
    adj[a-1].append(b-1)

memo = [0]*N
for _ in range(Q):
    p,x = map(int,input().split())
    memo[p-1] += x

result = [None]*N
stack = [(0,0)]
while stack:
    v,a = stack.pop()
    a += memo[v]
    result[v] = a
    for u in adj[v]:
        stack.append((u,a))

print(*result)

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
def main(sample_file = ''):

    """ convenient functions
    # for i, a in enumerate(iterable)
    # q, mod = divmod(a, b)
    # divmod(x, y) returns the tuple (x//y, x%y)
    # Higher-order function: reduce(operator.mul, xyz_count, 1)
    # manage median(s) using two heapq https://atcoder.jp/contests/abc127/tasks/abc127_f
    """

    """convenient decorator
    # @functools.lru_cache():
    # to facilitate use of recursive function
        # ex:
        # from functools import lru_cache
        # import sys
        # sys.setrecursionlimit(10**9)
        # @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
        # def fib(n):
        #     if n < 2:
        #         return n
        #     return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)
        # print(fib(1000))
    """
    
    # import numpy as np
    import sys
    sys.setrecursionlimit(10**7)
    from itertools import accumulate, combinations, permutations, product # https://docs.python.org/ja/3/library/itertools.html
    # accumulate() returns iterator! to get list: list(accumulate())
    from math import factorial, ceil, floor, sqrt
    def factorize(n):
        """return the factors of the Arg and count of each factor
        
        Args:
            n (long): number to be resolved into factors
        
        Returns:
            list of tuples: factorize(220) returns [(2, 2), (5, 1), (11, 1)]
        """
        fct = []  # prime factor
        b, e = 2, 0  # base, exponent
        while b * b <= n:
            while n % b == 0:
                n = n // b
                e = e + 1
            if e > 0:
                fct.append((b, e))
            b, e = b + 1, 0
        if n > 1:
            fct.append((n, 1))
        return fct
    def combinations_count(n, r):
        """Return the number of selecting r pieces of items from n kinds of items.
        
        Args:
            n (long): number
            r (long): number
        
        Raises:
            Exception: not defined when n or r is negative
        
        Returns:
            long: number
        """
        # TODO: How should I do when n - r is negative?
        if n < 0 or r < 0:
            raise Exception('combinations_count(n, r) not defined when n or r is negative')
        if n - r < r: r = n - r
        if r < 0: return 0
        if r == 0: return 1
        if r == 1: return n
        numerator = [n - r + k + 1 for k in range(r)]
        denominator = [k + 1 for k in range(r)]
        for p in range(2,r+1):
            pivot = denominator[p - 1]
            if pivot > 1:
                offset = (n - r) % p
                for k in range(p-1,r,p):
                    numerator[k - offset] /= pivot
                    denominator[k] /= pivot
        result = 1
        for k in range(r):
            if numerator[k] > 1:
                result *= int(numerator[k])
        return result
    def combinations_with_replacement_count(n, r):
        """Return the number of selecting r pieces of items from n kinds of items allowing individual elements to be repeated more than once.
        
        Args:
            n (long): number
            r (long): number
        
        Raises:
            Exception: not defined when n or r is negative
        
        Returns:
            long: number
        """
        if n < 0 or r < 0:
            raise Exception('combinations_with_replacement_count(n, r) not defined when n or r is negative')
        elif n == 0:
            return 1
        else:
            return combinations_count(n + r - 1, r)
    from bisect import bisect_left, bisect_right
    from collections import deque, Counter, defaultdict # https://docs.python.org/ja/3/library/collections.html#collections.deque
    from heapq import heapify, heappop, heappush, heappushpop, heapreplace,nlargest,nsmallest # https://docs.python.org/ja/3/library/heapq.html
    from copy import deepcopy, copy # https://docs.python.org/ja/3/library/copy.html
    import operator
    from operator import itemgetter #sort 
    # ex1: List.sort(key=itemgetter(1))
    # ex2: sorted(tuples, key=itemgetter(1,2))
    from functools import reduce, lru_cache
    def chmin(x, y):
        """change minimum
        if x > y, x = y and return (x, True).
        convenient when solving problems of dp[i]
        
        Args:
            x (long): current minimum value
            y (long): potential minimum value
        
        Returns:
            (x, bool): (x, True) when updated, else (x, False)
        """
        if x > y:
            x = y
            return (x, True)
        else:
            return (x, False)
    def chmax(x, y):
        """change maximum
        if x < y, x = y and return (x, True).
        convenient when solving problems of dp[i]
        
        Args:
            x (long): current maximum value
            y (long): potential maximum value
        
        Returns:
            (x, bool): (x, True) when updated, else (x, False)
        """
        if x < y:
            x = y
            return (x, True)
        else:
            return (x, False)

    from fractions import gcd # Deprecated since version 3.5: Use math.gcd() instead.
    def gcds(numbers):
        return reduce(gcd, numbers)
    def lcm(x, y):
        return (x * y) // gcd(x, y)
    def lcms(numbers):
        return reduce(lcm, numbers, 1)
    def make_divisors(n, reversed=False):
        """create list of divisors
        
        Args:
            number (int): number from which list of divisors is created
            reversed (bool, optional): ascending order if False. Defaults to False.
        
        Returns:
            list: list of divisors
        """
        divisors = set()
        for i in range(1, int(n**0.5)+1):
            if n % i == 0:
                divisors.add(i)
                divisors.add(n//i)
        return sorted(list(divisors),reverse=reversed)
    
    # first create factorial_list
    # fac_list = mod_factorial_list(n)
    INF = 10 ** 18
    MOD = 10 ** 9 + 7
    modpow = lambda a, n, p = MOD: pow(a, n, p) # Recursive function in python is slow!
    def modinv(a, p = MOD):
        # evaluate reciprocal using Fermat's little theorem:
        # a**(p-1) is identical to 1 (mod p) when a and p is coprime
        return modpow(a, p-2, p)
    def modinv_list(n, p = MOD):
        if n <= 1:
            return [0,1][:n+1]
        else:
            inv_t = [0,1]
            for i in range(2, n+1):
                inv_t += [inv_t[p % i] * (p - int(p / i)) % p]
            return inv_t
    def modfactorial_list(n, p = MOD):
        if n == 0:
            return [1]
        else:
            l = [0] * (n+1)
            tmp = 1
            for i in range(1, n+1):
                tmp = tmp * i % p
                l[i] = tmp
            return l
    def modcomb(n, k, fac_list = [], p = MOD):
        # fac_list = modfactorial_list(100)
        # print(modcomb(100, 5, modfactorial_list(100)))
        from math import factorial
        if n < 0 or k < 0 or n < k: return 0
        if n == 0 or k == 0: return 1
        if len(fac_list) <= n:
            a = factorial(n) % p
            b = factorial(k) % p
            c = factorial(n-k) % p
        else:
            a = fac_list[n]
            b = fac_list[k]
            c = fac_list[n-k]
        return (a * modpow(b, p-2, p) * modpow(c, p-2, p)) % p
    def modadd(a, b, p = MOD):
        return (a + b) % MOD
    def modsub(a, b, p = MOD):
        return (a - b) % p
    def modmul(a, b, p = MOD):
        return ((a % p) * (b % p)) % p
    def moddiv(a, b, p = MOD):
        return modmul(a, modpow(b, p-2, p))

    class UnionFindTree:
        """union find tree class
        TODO: fix this description...
        how to use (example):
        >>  uf = UnionFindTree(N) 
        >>  if uf.find_root(a) == uf.find_root(b):
        >>      do something
        >>  else:
        >>      do something
        >>      uf.unite(a, b)
        """
        def __init__(self, N):
            self.root = [-1] * (N+1)
            self.rank   = [0]  * (N+1)
            self.connected_num = [1] * (N+1)
    
        def find_root(self,x):
            root = self.root
            while root[x] != -1:
                x = root[x]
            return x
    
        def unite(self,x,y):
            root = self.root
            rank = self.rank
            connected_num = self.connected_num
            find_root = self.find_root
    
            rx = find_root(x)
            ry = find_root(y)
            if rx != ry:
                if rank[rx] < rank[ry]:
                    root[rx] = ry
                    rx,ry = ry,rx
                else:
                    if rank[rx] == rank[ry]:
                        rank[rx] += 1
                    root[ry] = rx       
                connected_num[rx] += connected_num[ry]

    # Graph: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed_graph
    # Bellman-Ford: O(|V||E|). Use this if there exists an edge with negative length in the graph
    # After N steps, the shortest path has converded if there doesn't exist an cycle of edges with negative
    # Watch out: d[N] == d[2*N] doesn't necessarily mean the graph doesn't have negative cycle
    # ref: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Z6ofKN03_Y

    def BellmanFord(N, M, ABC, vertex_start, vertex_end, value_if_inf = -1, find_shortest = False):
        """to calculate furthest or shortest length between vertex_start and vertex_end using BellmanFord algorithm
        
        Args:
            N (int): number of vertices
            M (int): number of edges
            ABC (list): [(ai, bi, ci) for _ in range(N)] where i-th edge is directed from vertex ai to vertex bi and the length is ci 
            vertex_start (int): start vertex. usually use 0.
            vertex_end (int): end vertex. usually use N-1.
            value_if_inf (int or string as you like, optional): value you want when the furthest (or shortest) distance is infinite (or -infinite). Defaults to -1.
            find_shortest (bool, optional): choose False to find furthest path. Defaults to False.
        
        Returns:
            int or string: normally int (but can be str if you set value_if_inf to str)
            
        Example:
                N, M, P = R()
                ABC = [R() for _ in range(M)]
                ABC = [(a-1, b-1, c-P) for a, b, c in ABC]
                print(BellmanFord(N, M, ABC, 0, N-1, value_if_inf = 'inf'))

        """

        def make_reachable_list(N, M, ABC, vertex_start, vertex_end):
            reachable_to_direct = defaultdict(list)
            reachable_from_direct = defaultdict(list)
            reachable_from_start = [False] * N
            reachable_to_end = [False] * N
            reachable_from_start[vertex_start] = True
            reachable_to_end[vertex_end] = True
            reachable_from_both_sides = [False] * N
            dfs_from_start = []
            dfs_to_end = []
            for a, b, c in ABC:
                reachable_to_direct[a].append(b)
                reachable_from_direct[b].append(a)
                if a == vertex_start:
                    dfs_from_start.append(b)
                    reachable_from_start[b] = True
                if b == vertex_end:
                    dfs_to_end.append(a)
                    reachable_to_end[a] = True
            while dfs_from_start:
                v = dfs_from_start.pop()
                for i in reachable_to_direct[v]:
                    if not reachable_from_start[i]:
                        reachable_from_start[i] = True
                        dfs_from_start.append(i)
            while dfs_to_end:
                v = dfs_to_end.pop()
                for i in reachable_from_direct[v]:
                    if not reachable_to_end[i]:
                        reachable_to_end[i] = True
                        dfs_to_end.append(i)
            for i in range(N):
                reachable_from_both_sides[i] = reachable_from_start[i] and reachable_to_end[i]
            return reachable_from_both_sides
        
        reachable_from_both_sides = make_reachable_list(N, M, ABC, vertex_start, vertex_end)
        
        if find_shortest:
            dist = [INF for i in range(N)]
        else:
            dist = [-INF for i in range(N)]
        
        dist[vertex_start] = 0
        for i in range(N):
            updated = False
            for a, b, c in ABC:
                if not reachable_from_both_sides[a]:
                    continue
                elif find_shortest:
                    update_condition = dist[a] + c < dist[b]
                else:
                    update_condition = dist[a] + c > dist[b]
                if dist[a] != INF and update_condition:
                    dist[b] = dist[a] + c
                    updated = True
                    if i == N-1:
                        return value_if_inf
            if not updated:
                break
        return dist[vertex_end]

    """ initialize variables and set inputs
    # initialize variables
        # to initialize list, use [0] * n
        # to initialize two dimentional array, use [[0] * N for _ in range(N)]
    # set inputs
        # put inputs between specific values (almost as quickly)
        # ex) S = [-INF] + [int(r()) for _ in range(A)] + [INF]
        # open(0).read() is sometimes useful:
        # ex) n, m, *x = map(int, open(0).read().split())
        #     min(x[::2]) - max(x[1::2])
        # ex2) *x, = map(int, open(0).read().split())
        #     don't forget to add comma after *x if only one variable is used
    # preprocessing
        # transpose = [x for x in zip(*data)]
        # ex) [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]] => [(1, 4, 7), (2, 5, 8), (3, 6, 9)]
        # flat = [flatten for inner in data for flatten in inner]
        # ex) [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]] => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
    # calculate and output
        # output pattern
        # ex1) print(*l) => when l = [2, 5, 6], printed 2 5 6
    """

    # functions to read input
    r = lambda: sys.stdin.readline().strip()
    r_int = lambda: int(r())
    R = lambda: list(map(int, r().split()))
    Rmap = lambda: map(int, r().split())
    Rfloat = lambda: list(map(float, r().split()))
    Rtuple = lambda: tuple(map(int, r().split()))

    """ how to treat input
    # single int: int(r())
    # single string: r()
    # single float: float(r())
    # line int: R()
    # line string: r().split()
    # line (str, int, int): [j if i == 0 else int(j) for i, j in enumerate(r().split())]
    # lines int: [R() for _ in range(n)]
    """

    # for test
    if sample_file:
        sys.stdin = open(sample_file)
        
    # ----------------------------------
    # main

    N, Q = R()
    AB = [R() for _ in range(N-1)]
    PX = [R() for _ in range(Q)]
    
    Tree = [[] for _ in range(N)]
    Val = [0] * N
    for p, x in PX:
        p = p - 1
        Val[p] += x
    
    for a, b in AB:
        a, b = a-1, b-1
        Tree[a].append(b)
    
    task = []
    task.append(0)
    while task:
        i = task.pop()
        tmpval = Val[i]
        task.extend(Tree[i])
        for j in Tree[i]:
            Val[j] += Val[i]
    print(*Val)

    
    
    

    # to finish code, use return instead of exit()
    # end of main
    # ----------------------------------

    """memo: how to use defaultdict of list
    # initialize
    Dic = defaultdict(list)
    # append / extend
    Dic[x].append(y)
    # three methods for loop: keys(), values(), items()
    for k, v in Dic.items():
    """
    
    """memo: how to solve binary problems
    # to make binary digits text
    >>> a = 5
    >>> bin_str_a = format(a, '#06b')
    >>> print(bin_str_a)
    0b0101 # first 2 strings (='0b') indicates it is binary
    """
    
    """memo: how to solve the problem
    creating simple test/answer
    greed
    simple dp
    graph
    """

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
n,q=map(int,input().split())
to = [[]for _ in range(n)]
for i in range(n-1):
    a,b=map(int,input().split())
    to[a-1].append(b-1)
cost=[0]*n

for i in range(q):
    p,x=map(int,input().split())
    p-=1
    cost[p]+=x

from collections import deque
que = deque([0])

while(que):
    f = que.popleft()
    for t in to[f]:
        que.append(t)
        cost[t]+=cost[f]

print(" ".join([str(x)for x in cost]))

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
N,Q = map(int,input().split())
point = [[] for x in range(N)]
plus = [0]*N
for _ in range(N-1):
    a,b = map(int,input().split())
    a -= 1
    b -= 1
    point[a].append(b)

for _ in range(Q):
    p,x = map(int,input().split())
    p -= 1
    plus[p] += x

ans = [0]*N
dfs = [(0,0)]
while len(dfs):
    n,p = dfs.pop()
    p += plus[n]
    ans[n] = p
    for be in point[n]:
        dfs.append((be,p))

for a in ans:
    print(a,end=' ')
print()