Problem:


Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

Let us denote by f(x, m) the remainder of the Euclidean division of x by m.

Let A be the sequence that is defined by the initial value A_1=X and the recurrence relation A_{n+1} = f(A_n^2, M).
Find \displaystyle{\sum_{i=1}^N A_i}.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 10^{10}

0 \leq X < M \leq 10^5

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N X M

Output

Print \displaystyle{\sum_{i=1}^N A_i}.

Sample Input 1

6 2 1001

Sample Output 1

1369

The sequence A begins 2,4,16,256,471,620,\ldots Therefore, the answer is 2+4+16+256+471+620=1369.

Sample Input 2

1000 2 16

Sample Output 2

6

The sequence A begins 2,4,0,0,\ldots Therefore, the answer is 6.

Sample Input 3

10000000000 10 99959

Sample Output 3

492443256176507



Sample input:
6 2 1001


Sample output:
1369

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
def main(sample_file = ''):

    """ convenient functions
    # for i, a in enumerate(iterable)
    # q, mod = divmod(a, b)
    # divmod(x, y) returns the tuple (x//y, x%y)
    # Higher-order function: reduce(operator.mul, xyz_count, 1)
    # manage median(s) using two heapq https://atcoder.jp/contests/abc127/tasks/abc127_f
    """

    """convenient decorator
    # @functools.lru_cache():
    # to facilitate use of recursive function
        # ex:
        # from functools import lru_cache
        # import sys
        # sys.setrecursionlimit(10**9)
        # @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
        # def fib(n):
        #     if n < 2:
        #         return n
        #     return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)
        # print(fib(1000))
    """
    
    # import numpy as np
    import sys
    sys.setrecursionlimit(10**7)
    from itertools import accumulate, combinations, permutations, product, combinations_with_replacement # https://docs.python.org/ja/3/library/itertools.html
    # accumulate() returns iterator! to get list: list(accumulate())
    from math import factorial, ceil, floor, sqrt
    def factorize(n):
        """return the factors of the Arg and count of each factor
        
        Args:
            n (long): number to be resolved into factors
        
        Returns:
            list of tuples: factorize(220) returns [(2, 2), (5, 1), (11, 1)]
        """
        fct = []  # prime factor
        b, e = 2, 0  # base, exponent
        while b * b <= n:
            while n % b == 0:
                n = n // b
                e = e + 1
            if e > 0:
                fct.append((b, e))
            b, e = b + 1, 0
        if n > 1:
            fct.append((n, 1))
        return fct
    def combinations_count(n, r):   
        """Return the number of selecting r pieces of items from n kinds of items.
        
        Args:
            n (long): number
            r (long): number
        
        Raises:
            Exception: not defined when n or r is negative
        
        Returns:
            long: number
        """
        # TODO: How should I do when n - r is negative?
        if n < 0 or r < 0:
            raise Exception('combinations_count(n, r) not defined when n or r is negative')
        if n - r < r: r = n - r
        if r < 0: return 0
        if r == 0: return 1
        if r == 1: return n
        numerator = [n - r + k + 1 for k in range(r)]
        denominator = [k + 1 for k in range(r)]
        for p in range(2,r+1):
            pivot = denominator[p - 1]
            if pivot > 1:
                offset = (n - r) % p
                for k in range(p-1,r,p):
                    numerator[k - offset] /= pivot
                    denominator[k] /= pivot
        result = 1
        for k in range(r):
            if numerator[k] > 1:
                result *= int(numerator[k])
        return result
    def combinations_with_replacement_count(n, r):
        """Return the number of selecting r pieces of items from n kinds of items allowing individual elements to be repeated more than once.
        
        Args:
            n (long): number
            r (long): number
        
        Raises:
            Exception: not defined when n or r is negative
        
        Returns:
            long: number
        """
        if n < 0 or r < 0:
            raise Exception('combinations_with_replacement_count(n, r) not defined when n or r is negative')
        elif n == 0:
            return 1
        else:
            return combinations_count(n + r - 1, r)
    from bisect import bisect_left, bisect_right
    from collections import deque, Counter, defaultdict # https://docs.python.org/ja/3/library/collections.html#collections.deque
    from heapq import heapify, heappop, heappush, heappushpop, heapreplace,nlargest,nsmallest # https://docs.python.org/ja/3/library/heapq.html
    from copy import deepcopy, copy # https://docs.python.org/ja/3/library/copy.html
    import operator
    from operator import itemgetter #sort 
    # ex1: List.sort(key=itemgetter(1))
    # ex2: sorted(tuples, key=itemgetter(1,2))
    from functools import reduce, lru_cache
    def chmin(x, y):
        """change minimum
        if x > y, x = y and return (x, True).
        convenient when solving problems of dp[i]
        
        Args:
            x (long): current minimum value
            y (long): potential minimum value
        
        Returns:
            (x, bool): (x, True) when updated, else (x, False)
        """
        if x > y:
            x = y
            return (x, True)
        else:
            return (x, False)
    def chmax(x, y):
        """change maximum
        if x < y, x = y and return (x, True).
        convenient when solving problems of dp[i]
        
        Args:
            x (long): current maximum value
            y (long): potential maximum value
        
        Returns:
            (x, bool): (x, True) when updated, else (x, False)
        """
        if x < y:
            x = y
            return (x, True)
        else:
            return (x, False)

    from fractions import gcd
    def gcd(a,b):
        # from fractions import gcd # Deprecated since version 3.5: Use math.gcd() instead.
        # => 最近の環境でfractions.gcdを使うとTLEする。
        if a<b:
            a, b = b, a
        while a%b !=0 :
            a, b = b, a%b
        return b

    # def gcd(p,q):
    #     while q != 0:
    #         r = p % q
    #         p = q
    #         q = r
    #     return p

    def gcds(numbers):
        return reduce(gcd, numbers)
    def lcm(x, y):
        return (x * y) // gcd(x, y)
    def lcms(numbers):
        return reduce(lcm, numbers, 1)
    def make_divisors(n, reversed=False):
        """create list of divisors
        
        Args:
            number (int): number from which list of divisors is created
            reversed (bool, optional): ascending order if False. Defaults to False.
        
        Returns:
            list: list of divisors
        """
        divisors = set()
        for i in range(1, int(n**0.5)+1):
            if n % i == 0:
                divisors.add(i)
                divisors.add(n//i)
        return sorted(list(divisors),reverse=reversed)

    # Eratosthenesの篩により、整数end未満の素数を列挙する
    def sieve_of_eratosthenes(end, typecode="L"):
        # len(sieve_of_eratosthenes(10**7)) => 664579; 514ms in pypy
        # len(sieve_of_eratosthenes(10**6)) => 78498; 134ms in pypy

        # https://hamukichi.hatenablog.jp/entry/2016/02/17/215948#Eratosthenes%E3%81%AE%E7%AF%A9%E3%81%A8%E5%8C%BA%E9%96%93%E7%AF%A9
        import array
        import textwrap
        assert end > 1
        # 整数iが素数であるかをis_prime[i]が示す
        # 最初はすべてTrueで初期化しておく
        # 最終的にprimesではなくこれを返してもよい
        is_prime = array.array("B", (True for i in range(end)))
        # 0, 1はいずれも素数ではない
        is_prime[0] = False
        is_prime[1] = False
        # 素数を格納する配列
        primes = array.array(typecode)
        # 篩う
        for i in range(2, end):
            if is_prime[i]:
                primes.append(i)
                for j in range(2 * i, end, i):
                    is_prime[j] = False  # 素数ではないため除外する
        return primes

    class PrimeFactorization:
        '''初期化にO(NloglogN)/ 因数分解クエリをO(log(k))/ 素数判定クエリをO(1)
        >>> pf = PrimeFactorization(100)
        >>> pf.query(100)
        ((2, 2), (5, 2))
        
        '''
        # 自分で実装した。
        # https://atcoder.jp/contests/abc177/editorial/82
        # 高速素因数分解
        # 問題： A 以下の数が N 個与えられる。全て素因数分解せよ。
        # 前計算としてエラトステネスの篩を行い、「その数をふるい落とした素数」を配列 D に記録します。
        # 例えば D[4]=D[6]=2,D[35]=5 です。x が素数のときは D[x]=x としておきます。この配列はエラトステネスの篩と同様 O(AloglogA) で構築できます。
        # D[x] は x を割り切る最小の素数なので、この配列 D を利用すると素因数分解を行うときに「試し割り」をする必要がなくなり(D[x]で割ればよい)、1つの数の素因数分解が素因数の個数である O(logA) でできるようになります。
        def __init__(self, Num=10**6):
            from collections import defaultdict
            from math import floor
            self.Num = Num
            self.D = [-1] * (Num+1)
            for i in range(2, Num+1):
                if self.D[i] != -1:
                    continue
                self.D[i] = i
                for j in range(1, floor(Num/i)+1):
                    if self.D[j*i] != -1:
                        continue
                    else:
                        self.D[j*i] = i
        
        def query(self, k):
            ans = defaultdict(int)
            tmp = k
            while self.D[tmp] != -1:
                div = self.D[tmp]
                ans[div] += 1
                tmp = tmp//div
            return tuple(ans.items())
        
        def is_prime(self, k):
            return k == self.D[k]

    # first create factorial_list
    # fac_list = modfactorial_list(n)
    INF = 10 ** 18
    MOD = 10 ** 9 + 7
    AtoZ = list('abcdefghijklmnopqrsruvwxyz') # 26
    modpow = lambda a, n, p = MOD: pow(a, n, p) # Recursive function in python is slow!
    def modinv(a, p = MOD):
        # evaluate reciprocal using Fermat's little theorem:
        # a**(p-1) is identical to 1 (mod p) when a and p is coprime
        return modpow(a, p-2, p)
    def modinv_list(n, p = MOD):
        if n <= 1:
            return [0,1][:n+1]
        else:
            inv_t = [0,1]
            for i in range(2, n+1):
                inv_t += [inv_t[p % i] * (p - int(p / i)) % p]
            return inv_t
    def modfactorial_list(n, p = MOD):
        if n == 0:
            return [1]
        else:
            l = [0] * (n+1)
            tmp = 1
            for i in range(1, n+1):
                tmp = tmp * i % p
                l[i] = tmp
            return l
    def modcomb(n, k, fac_list = [], p = MOD):
        # fac_list = modfactorial_list(100)
        # print(modcomb(100, 5, modfactorial_list(100)))
        from math import factorial
        if n < 0 or k < 0 or n < k: return 0
        if n == 0 or k == 0: return 1
        if len(fac_list) <= n:
            a = factorial(n) % p
            b = factorial(k) % p
            c = factorial(n-k) % p
        else:
            a = fac_list[n]
            b = fac_list[k]
            c = fac_list[n-k]
        return (a * modpow(b, p-2, p) * modpow(c, p-2, p)) % p
    def modadd(a, b, p = MOD):
        return (a + b) % MOD
    def modsub(a, b, p = MOD):
        return (a - b) % p
    def modmul(a, b, p = MOD):
        return ((a % p) * (b % p)) % p
    def moddiv(a, b, p = MOD):
        return modmul(a, modpow(b, p-2, p))

    class UnionFindTree:
        """union find tree class
        TODO: fix this description...
        how to use (example):
        >>  uf = UnionFindTree(N) 
        >>  if uf.find_root(a) == uf.find_root(b):
        >>      do something like:
        >>      pass
        >>  else:
        >>      do something like:
        >>      L[find_root(a)] = L[find_root(a)] + L[find_root(b)]
        >>      L[find_root(b)] = L[find_root(a)]
        >>      
        >>      uf.unite(a, b)
        """
        def __init__(self, N):
            self.root = [-1] * (N+1)
            self.rank   = [0]  * (N+1)
            self.connected_num = [1] * (N+1)
    
        def find_root(self,x):
            root = self.root
            while root[x] != -1:
                x = root[x]
            return x
    
        def unite(self,x,y):
            root = self.root
            rank = self.rank
            connected_num = self.connected_num
            find_root = self.find_root
    
            rx = find_root(x)
            ry = find_root(y)
            if rx != ry:
                if rank[rx] < rank[ry]:
                    root[rx] = ry
                    rx,ry = ry,rx
                else:
                    if rank[rx] == rank[ry]:
                        rank[rx] += 1
                    root[ry] = rx       
                connected_num[rx] += connected_num[ry]

    # c++ set
    # https://nagiss.hateblo.jp/entry/2020/09/08/203701
    
    class SegTree:
        """
        ref: https://qiita.com/takayg1/items/c811bd07c21923d7ec69
        init(init_val, ide_ele): 配列init_valで初期化 O(N)
        update(k, x): k番目の値をxに更新 O(logN)
        query(l, r): 区間[l, r)をsegfuncしたものを返す O(logN)
        """
        def __init__(self, init_val, segfunc, ide_ele):
            """
            init_val: 配列の初期値
            segfunc: 区間にしたい操作
            ide_ele: 単位元
            n: 要素数
            num: n以上の最小の2のべき乗
            tree: セグメント木(1-index)
            """
            n = len(init_val)
            self.segfunc = segfunc
            self.ide_ele = ide_ele
            self.num = 1 << (n - 1).bit_length()
            self.tree = [ide_ele] * 2 * self.num
            # 配列の値を葉にセット
            for i in range(n):
                self.tree[self.num + i] = init_val[i]
            # 構築していく
            for i in range(self.num - 1, 0, -1):
                self.tree[i] = self.segfunc(self.tree[2 * i], self.tree[2 * i + 1])

        def update(self, k, x):
            """
            k番目の値をxに更新
            k: index(0-index)
            x: update value
            """
            k += self.num
            self.tree[k] = x
            while k > 1:
                self.tree[k >> 1] = self.segfunc(self.tree[k], self.tree[k ^ 1])
                k >>= 1

        def query(self, l, r):
            """
            [l, r)のsegfuncしたものを得る
            l: index(0-index)
            r: index(0-index)
            """
            res = self.ide_ele
            l += self.num
            r += self.num
            while l < r:
                if l & 1:
                    res = self.segfunc(res, self.tree[l])
                    l += 1
                if r & 1:
                    res = self.segfunc(res, self.tree[r - 1])
                l >>= 1
                r >>= 1
            return res

    # ************ Graph ************
    # Graph: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed_graph
    # 最短経路問題: https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E7%9F%AD%E7%B5%8C%E8%B7%AF%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C
    
    # Bellman-Ford: O(|V||E|). Use this if there exists an edge with negative length in the graph
    # After N steps, the shortest path has converded if there doesn't exist an cycle of edges with negative
    # Watch out: d[N] == d[2*N] doesn't necessarily mean the graph doesn't have negative cycle
    # ref: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Z6ofKN03_Y

    def BellmanFord(N, M, ABC, vertex_start, vertex_end, value_if_inf = -1, find_shortest = False):
        """to calculate furthest or shortest length between vertex_start and vertex_end using BellmanFord algorithm
        
        Args:
            N (int): number of vertices
            M (int): number of edges
            ABC (list): [(ai, bi, ci) for _ in range(N)] where i-th edge is directed from vertex ai to vertex bi and the length is ci 
            vertex_start (int): start vertex. usually use 0.
            vertex_end (int): end vertex. usually use N-1.
            value_if_inf (int or string as you like, optional): value you want when the furthest (or shortest) distance is infinite (or -infinite). Defaults to -1.
            find_shortest (bool, optional): choose False to find furthest path. Defaults to False.
        
        Returns:
            int or string: normally int (but can be str if you set value_if_inf to str)
            
        Example:
                N, M, P = R()
                ABC = [R() for _ in range(M)]
                ABC = [(a-1, b-1, c-P) for a, b, c in ABC]
                print(BellmanFord(N, M, ABC, 0, N-1, value_if_inf = 'inf'))

        """

        def make_reachable_list(N, M, ABC, vertex_start, vertex_end):
            reachable_to_direct = defaultdict(list)
            reachable_from_direct = defaultdict(list)
            reachable_from_start = [False] * N
            reachable_to_end = [False] * N
            reachable_from_start[vertex_start] = True
            reachable_to_end[vertex_end] = True
            reachable_from_both_sides = [False] * N
            dfs_from_start = []
            dfs_to_end = []
            for a, b, c in ABC:
                reachable_to_direct[a].append(b)
                reachable_from_direct[b].append(a)
                if a == vertex_start:
                    dfs_from_start.append(b)
                    reachable_from_start[b] = True
                if b == vertex_end:
                    dfs_to_end.append(a)
                    reachable_to_end[a] = True
            while dfs_from_start:
                v = dfs_from_start.pop()
                for i in reachable_to_direct[v]:
                    if not reachable_from_start[i]:
                        reachable_from_start[i] = True
                        dfs_from_start.append(i)
            while dfs_to_end:
                v = dfs_to_end.pop()
                for i in reachable_from_direct[v]:
                    if not reachable_to_end[i]:
                        reachable_to_end[i] = True
                        dfs_to_end.append(i)
            for i in range(N):
                reachable_from_both_sides[i] = reachable_from_start[i] and reachable_to_end[i]
            return reachable_from_both_sides
        
        reachable_from_both_sides = make_reachable_list(N, M, ABC, vertex_start, vertex_end)
        
        if find_shortest:
            dist = [INF for i in range(N)]
        else:
            dist = [-INF for i in range(N)]
        
        dist[vertex_start] = 0
        for i in range(N):
            updated = False
            for a, b, c in ABC:
                if not reachable_from_both_sides[a]:
                    continue
                elif find_shortest:
                    update_condition = dist[a] + c < dist[b]
                else:
                    update_condition = dist[a] + c > dist[b]
                if dist[a] != INF and update_condition:
                    dist[b] = dist[a] + c
                    updated = True
                    if i == N-1:
                        return value_if_inf
            if not updated:
                break
        return dist[vertex_end]

    # Warshall Floyd O(V**3)
    def warshall_floyd(number_vertex, XYD, shift_one_for_vertex=False):
        # ref: https://juppy.hatenablog.com/entry/2018/11/01/%E8%9F%BB%E6%9C%AC_python_%E5%85%A8%E7%82%B9%E5%AF%BE%E6%9C%80%E7%9F%AD%E7%B5%8C%E8%B7%AF%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%88%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E6%B3%95
        # number_vertex: len(vertex)
        # XYD: list of distance from x to y
        # shift_one_for_vertex: XYDの値が1~Nの時(0~N-1でない時)に調整するフラグ。
        # d[i][j]: iからjへの最短距離
        d = [[float("inf")]*number_vertex for i in range(number_vertex)]
        for x, y, dist in XYD:
            if shift_one_for_vertex:
                x = x - 1
                y = y - 1
            d[x][y] = dist
            d[y][x] = dist
        for i in range(number_vertex):
            d[i][i] = 0 # distance of same vertex is 0
        for k in range(number_vertex):
            for i in range(number_vertex):
                for j in range(number_vertex):
                    d[i][j] = min(d[i][j],d[i][k] + d[k][j])
        return d


    """ initialize variables and set inputs
    # initialize variables
        # to initialize list, use [0] * n
        # to initialize two dimentional array:
            # ex) [[0] * N for _ in range(N)]
            # ex2) dp = [[0] * (N+1) for _ in range(W*2)]
    # set inputs
        # put inputs between specific values (almost as quickly)
        # ex) S = [-INF] + [int(r()) for _ in range(A)] + [INF]
        # open(0).read() is sometimes useful:
        # ex) n, m, *x = map(int, open(0).read().split())
        #     min(x[::2]) - max(x[1::2])
        # ex2) *x, = map(int, open(0).read().split())
        #     don't forget to add comma after *x if only one variable is used
    # preprocessing
        # transpose = [x for x in zip(*data)]
        # ex) [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]] => [(1, 4, 7), (2, 5, 8), (3, 6, 9)]
        # flat = [flatten for inner in data for flatten in inner]
        # ex) [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]] => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
    # calculate and output
        # output pattern
        # ex1) print(*l) => when l = [2, 5, 6], printed 2 5 6
    """

    # functions to read input
    r = lambda: sys.stdin.readline().strip()
    r_int = lambda: int(r())
    r_float = lambda: float(r())
    R = lambda: list(map(int, r().split()))
    R_str = lambda: r().split()
    R_map = lambda: map(int, r().split())
    R_float = lambda: list(map(float, r().split()))
    R_tuple = lambda: tuple(map(int, r().split()))

    """ how to treat input
    # single int: int(r())
    # single string: r()
    # single float: float(r())
    # line int: R()
    # line string: r().split()
    # line (str, int, int): [j if i == 0 else int(j) for i, j in enumerate(r().split())]
    # lines int: [R() for _ in range(n)]
    """

    # for test
    if sample_file:
        sys.stdin = open(sample_file)
        
    # ----------------------------------
    # main
    #%%
    
    N, X, M = R()
    arrived = [0] * (M+1)
    sums = [0] * (M+1)
        
    現在値 = X
    回数 = 1 # 回数
    合計値 = 0 # 合計
    if not 現在値:
        print(0)
        return
    while 現在値:
        合計値 += 現在値
        sums[現在値] = 合計値
        arrived[現在値] = 回数

        # 更新
        現在値 = (現在値**2)%M
        回数 += 1
        # print(現在値)
        
        if arrived[現在値]:
            before_round = arrived[現在値] - 1
            before_round_sum = sums[現在値] - 現在値
            one_round = 回数 - arrived[現在値]
            one_round_sum = 合計値 - sums[現在値] + 現在値
            break
    if not 現在値:
        ans = 0
        for i in range(N):
            ans += X
            X = (X**2)%M
            if not X:
                print(ans)
                return
        print(ans)
        return
    if one_round + before_round >= N:
        ans = 0
        for i in range(N):
            ans += X
            X = (X**2)%M
    else:
        a, b = divmod(N-before_round, one_round)
        ans = before_round_sum
        ans += a * one_round_sum
        for i in range(b):
            ans += 現在値
            現在値 = (現在値**2)%M
    print(ans)

    
    # D = r_int()
    # C = R()
    # S = [R() for _ in range(D)]
    # # T = [r_int() for _ in range(D)]
    
    # def calc_score(D, C, S, T):
    #     sat = 0
    #     satl = [0] * D
    #     DI = [0] * 26 # daily irritation
    #     T_ = [t-1 for t in T]
    #     for i, t in enumerate(T_):
    #         for j in range(26):
    #             if j != t:
    #                 DI[j] += 1
    #                 sat -= C[j] * DI[j]
    #             else: # j == t
    #                 DI[j] = 0
    #                 sat += S[i][j]
    #         satl[i] = sat
    #     # return satl
    #     return sat
    
    # def donyoku(D, C, S):
    #     # return T
    #     DI = [0] * 26
    #     T = [0] * D
    #     for i in range(D):
    #         candidate = -1
    #         candidate_value = -INF
    #         for j in range(26):
    #             tmp_j = (DI[j] + 1) * C[j] + S[i][j] # merit
    #             if candidate_value < tmp_j:
    #                 candidate_value = tmp_j
    #                 candidate = j
    #         T[i] = candidate
    #     return [t+1 for t in T]

    # def emphasize_c(D, C, S, emp = 0.9):
    #     # return T
    #     DI = [0] * 26
    #     T = [0] * D
    #     for i in range(D):
    #         candidate = -1
    #         candidate_value = -INF
    #         for j in range(26):
    #             tmp_j = (DI[j] + 1) * C[j] + S[i][j] * emp # merit
    #             if candidate_value < tmp_j:
    #                 candidate_value = tmp_j
    #                 candidate = j
    #         T[i] = candidate
    #     return [t+1 for t in T]

    # def update_one(T, score):
    #     target_t = random.randint(0, D-1)
    #     after_abc = random.randint(1, 24)
    #     before_abc = T[target_t]
    #     T[target_t] = after_abc
    #     tmp = calc_score(D, C, S, T)
    #     if score < tmp:
    #         score = tmp
    #     else:
    #         T[target_t] = before_abc
    #     return T, score
    
    # def change_two(T, score):
    #     target_1, target_2 = random.sample(range(0, D), 2)
    #     before_1 = T[target_1]
    #     before_2 = T[target_2]
    #     T[target_1] = before_2
    #     T[target_2] = before_1
    #     tmp = calc_score(D, C, S, T)
    #     if score < tmp:
    #         score = tmp
    #     else:
    #         T[target_1] = before_1
    #         T[target_2] = before_2
    #     return T, score

    # import time
    # start = time.perf_counter()
    
    # T = [1] * D
    # score = -INF
    # Cand = [donyoku(D, C, S), emphasize_c(D, C, S), emphasize_c(D, C, S, 0.5), emphasize_c(D, C, S, 0)]
    # for c in Cand:
    #     tmp = calc_score(D, C, S, c)
    #     if tmp > score:
    #         T = c
    #         score = tmp
    
    # import random
    # while time.perf_counter() - start < 1.8:
    #     if random.random() < 0.5:
    #         T, score = update_one(T, score)
    #     else:
    #         T, score = change_two(T, score)

    # print(*T, sep='\n')


    #%%
    # end of main
    # ----------------------------------

    """memo: how to use defaultdict of list
    # initialize
    Dic = defaultdict(list)
    # append / extend
    Dic[x].append(y)
    # three methods for loop: keys(), values(), items()
    for k, v in Dic.items():
    """
    
    """memo: how to solve binary problems
    # to make binary digits text
    >>> a = 5
    >>> bin_str_a = format(a, '#06b')
    >>> print(bin_str_a)
    0b0101 # first 2 strings (='0b') indicates it is binary
    """
    
    """memo: how to solve the problem
    creating simple test/answer
    greed
    simple dp
    graph
    """

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
n, x, m = map(int, input().split())
a = x
dup = [0]*(10**5+10)
mod = [a]
loop = []
cnt = 0
while cnt < n:
    a = a**2 % m
    if dup[a]==1:
        i = mod.index(a)
        before = mod[:i]
        loop = mod[i:]
        break
    mod.append(a)
    dup[a] = 1
    cnt += 1

length = len(loop)
if length == 0:
    print(sum(mod[:n]))
else:
    t = (n-i)//length
    amari = (n-i) % length
    ans = sum(before) + t * sum(loop) + sum(loop[:amari])
    print(ans)

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
n,x, m = map(int, input().split())
mod = [None for _ in range(m)]
count = x
loop = []
rem = [x]
for i in range(1, n):
    value = (x * x) % m
    rem.append(value)
    x = (x * x) % m
    if mod[value] != None:
        # print(mod)
        s_index = mod[value]
        loop = rem[s_index : -1]
        num = (n - s_index) // len(loop)
        amari = (n - s_index) % len(loop)
        if amari == 0:
            print(sum(rem[:s_index]) + sum(loop) * num) 
        else:
            print(sum(rem[:s_index]) + sum(loop) * num + sum(loop[:amari])) 
        exit()
    else:
        mod[value] = i
        count += value
print(count)

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
n, x, m = map(int, input().split())
a = x
S = [0] * (m + 1)
F = [None] * m
F[x] = 0
i0, j0 = None, None
for i in range(1, m + 1):
    S[i] = S[i - 1] + a
    a = pow(a, 2, m)
    if F[a] is not None:
        i0, j0 = F[a], i
    F[a] = i
q, r = (n - i0) // (j0 - i0), (n - i0) % (j0 - i0)
print((S[j0] - S[i0]) * q + S[i0 + r])

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
N, x, M = [int(a) for a in input().split()]

# Let g(i) = x ^ (2^i) mod M
g = [x] + [0] * M
ginv = [-1] * (M + 1)
ginv[x] = 0
partSum = [x] + [0] * (M + 1)     # partSum[-1] = 0 となるようにダミーを追加

for i in range(1, M + 1):
    g[i] = g[i - 1] * g[i - 1] % M
    if ginv[g[i]] >= 0:  # detected cycle
        iStart = ginv[g[i]]
        cycleSum = partSum[i - 1] - partSum[iStart - 1]
        cycleLen = i - iStart

        numCycle = (N - 1 - (i - 1)) // cycleLen
        remCycle = (N - 1 - (i - 1)) % cycleLen
        ans = partSum[i - 1] + cycleSum * numCycle + partSum[iStart + remCycle - 1] - partSum[iStart - 1]
        break
    else:
        ginv[g[i]] = i
        partSum[i] = partSum[i - 1] + g[i]

print(ans)

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:


def main():
    n, x, m = map(int, input().split())
    mflg = [-1] * m
    mflg[x] = 0
    ltot = [x]

    tot = x
    a = x
    for i in range(1, n):
        a = a ** 2 % m

        if mflg[a] >= 0:
            b = mflg[a]
            z = (n - i) // (i - b)
            y = (n - i) % (i - b)
            if b == 0 and y == 0:
                tot += ltot[i - 1] * z
            elif b == 0:
                tot += ltot[b - 1 + y] + ltot[i - 1] * z
            else:
                tot += (ltot[b - 1 + y] - ltot[b - 1]) + (ltot[i - 1] - ltot[b - 1]) * z
            break

        mflg[a] = i
        tot += a
        ltot.append(tot)

    print(tot)


main()

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
n, x, m = (int(x) for x in input().split())
dic = {}
count = 1
dic[x]=0
ans = [x]
bool = True
while (count < n):
    x = pow(x, 2, m)
    if x not in dic:
        dic[x] = count
        ans.append(x)
    else:
        roop = ans[dic[x]:count]
        ans = sum(ans[:dic[x]])
        roop_count = (n-dic[x])//len(roop)
        roop_hasuu = (n-dic[x])%len(roop)
        ans+=roop_count*sum(roop)+sum(roop[:roop_hasuu])
        print(ans)
        bool = False
        count = pow(10, 13)
    count+=1
if bool:
    print(sum(ans))

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
import numpy as np
i8 = np.int64


def solve(N, X, M):
    memo_val = np.zeros(M, i8)
    memo_i = np.zeros(M, i8)
    ret = 0
    a = X
    for i in range(1, N):
        ret += a
        if memo_i[a] > 0:
            u = (N - memo_i[a]) // (i - memo_i[a])
            v = (N - memo_i[a]) % (i - memo_i[a])
            ret = u * (ret - memo_val[a])
            nokori = v + memo_i[a]
            for j in range(M):
                if memo_i[j] == nokori:
                    ret += memo_val[j]
            return ret
        memo_i[a] = i
        memo_val[a] = ret
        a = a ** 2 % M
    ret += a
    return ret

def main():
    f = open(0)
    N, X, M = [int(x) for x in f.readline().split()]
    ans = solve(N, X, M)
    print(ans)

main()

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
n,x,m = map(int,input().split())
mod = m
amari = [-1]*m
a = x
cnt = 1
l = 0
r = 0
while 1:
    # print(a)
    if cnt == n:
        break
    
    if amari[a] != -1:
        l = amari[a]
        r = cnt
        # print(a,amari[a])
        break
    else:
        amari[a] = cnt
    cnt += 1
    a = ((a % m)**2) % m
    # if cnt > m:
    #     print("error")
    #     exit()
ans = 0
if cnt == n:
    l = 0
    r = n
# print(l,r)
a = x
temp = 0

for i in range(l-1):
    ans += a
    a = (a**2) % mod
# print(ans)


for i in range(r-l):
    temp += a
    a = (a**2) % mod
ans += temp * ((n-l+1)//(r-l))
# print(ans,a,temp,temp * (n-l)//(r-l),(n-l)//(r-l),temp * ((n-l)//(r-l)))


if r != n:
    for i in range((n-l+1)%(r-l)):
        ans += a
        a = (a**2) % mod
        # print(ans)
if n == 1:
    ans //=2
print(ans)