Problem:


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Depth First Search

  Depth-first search (DFS) follows the strategy to search ”deeper” in the graph whenever possible. In DFS, edges are recursively explored out of the most recently discovered vertex $v$ that still has unexplored edges leaving it. When all of $v$'s edges have been explored, the search ”backtracks” to explore edges leaving the vertex from which $v$ was discovered.

  This process continues until all the vertices that are reachable from the original source vertex have been discovered. If any undiscovered vertices remain, then one of them is selected as a new source and the search is repeated from that source.

  DFS timestamps each vertex as follows:

$d[v]$ records when $v$ is first discovered.

$f[v]$ records when the search finishes examining $v$’s adjacency list.

  Write a program which reads a directed graph $G = (V, E)$ and demonstrates DFS on the graph based on the following rules:

$G$ is given in an adjacency-list. Vertices are identified by IDs $1, 2,... n$ respectively.

IDs in the adjacency list are arranged in ascending order.

The program should report the discover time and the finish time for each vertex.

When there are several candidates to visit during DFS, the algorithm should select the vertex with the smallest ID.

The timestamp starts with 1.

Input

  In the first line, an integer $n$ denoting the number of vertices of $G$ is given. In the next $n$ lines, adjacency lists of $u$ are given in the following format:

$u$ $k$ $v_1$ $v_2$ ... $v_k$

$u$ is ID of the vertex and $k$ denotes its degree. $v_i$ are IDs of vertices adjacent to $u$.

Output

  For each vertex, print $id$, $d$ and $f$ separated by a space character in a line. $id$ is ID of the vertex, $d$ and $f$ is the discover time and the finish time respectively. Print in order of vertex IDs.

Constraints

$1 \leq n \leq 100$

Sample Input 1

4
1 1 2
2 1 4
3 0
4 1 3

Sample Output 1

1 1 8
2 2 7
3 4 5
4 3 6

Sample Input 2

6
1 2 2 3
2 2 3 4
3 1 5
4 1 6
5 1 6
6 0

Sample Output 2

1 1 12
2 2 11
3 3 8
4 9 10
5 4 7
6 5 6

  This is example for Sample Input 2 (discover/finish)

Reference

Introduction to Algorithms, Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein. The MIT Press.



Sample input:
4
1 1 2
2 1 4
3 0
4 1 3


Sample output:
1 1 8
2 2 7
3 4 5
4 3 6

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
input:
6
1 2 2 3
2 2 3 4
3 1 5
4 1 6
5 1 6
6 0

output:
1 1 12
2 2 11
3 3 8
4 9 10
5 4 7
6 5 6
"""
import sys
from collections import deque

UNVISITED, VISITED_IN_STACK, POPPED_OUT = 0, 1, 2


def generate_adj_matrix(v_info):
    for v_detail in v_info:
        v_index, adj_num, *adj_list = map(int, v_detail)
        # assert len(adj_list) == adj_num
        init_adj_table[v_index].extend(sorted(adj_list))
    return init_adj_table


def graph_dfs(v_init):
    global time

    # init the first node of overall graph iterations(times >= 1)
    stack.append(v_init)
    color[v_init] = VISITED_IN_STACK
    d_time[v_init] += time
    # init end

    while len(stack) > 1:
        current = stack[-1]
        v_table = adj_table[current]
        adj = v_table.popleft() if v_table else None

        if adj:
            if color[adj] is UNVISITED:
                color[adj] = VISITED_IN_STACK
                time += 1
                d_time[adj] += time
                stack.append(adj)
        else:
            stack.pop()
            color[current] = POPPED_OUT
            time += 1
            f_time[current] += time

    return None


def dfs_start():
    global time
    for i in range(vertices_num):
        if color[i + 1] == UNVISITED:
            # print('round: ', i + 1)
            graph_dfs(i + 1)
            time += 1


if __name__ == '__main__':
    _input = sys.stdin.readlines()
    vertices_num = int(_input[0])
    vertices_info = map(lambda x: x.split(), _input[1:])
    init_adj_table = tuple(deque() for _ in range(vertices_num + 1))
    # assert len(vertex_info) == vertex_num

    # config length = (vertex_num + 1)
    stack = [-1]
    color = [UNVISITED] * (vertices_num + 1)
    d_time, f_time = ([0] * (vertices_num + 1) for _ in range(2))

    adj_table = generate_adj_matrix(vertices_info)
    # timing start from 1
    time = 1
    dfs_start()
    for k, v in enumerate(zip(d_time[1:], f_time[1:]), 1):
        print(k, *v)

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
input:
6
1 2 2 3
2 2 3 4
3 1 5
4 1 6
5 1 6
6 0

output:
1 1 12
2 2 11
3 3 8
4 9 10
5 4 7
6 5 6
"""
import sys

UNVISITED, VISITED_IN_STACK, POPPED_OUT = 0, 1, 2


def generate_adj_matrix(v_info):
    for v_detail in v_info:
        v_index, adj_num, *adj_list = map(int, v_detail)
        # assert len(adj_list) == adj_num
        init_adj_table[v_index].extend(sorted(adj_list, reverse=True))
    return init_adj_table


def graph_dfs(v_init):
    global time

    # init the first node of overall graph iterations(times >= 1)
    stack.append(v_init)
    color[v_init] = VISITED_IN_STACK
    d_time[v_init] += time
    # init end

    while len(stack) > 1:
        current = stack[-1]
        v_table = adj_table[current]
        adj = v_table.pop() if v_table else None

        if adj:
            if color[adj] is UNVISITED:
                color[adj] = VISITED_IN_STACK
                time += 1
                d_time[adj] += time
                stack.append(adj)
        else:
            stack.pop()
            color[current] = POPPED_OUT
            time += 1
            f_time[current] += time

    return None


def dfs_start():
    global time
    for i in range(vertices_num):
        if color[i + 1] == UNVISITED:
            # print('round: ', i + 1)
            graph_dfs(i + 1)
            time += 1


if __name__ == '__main__':
    _input = sys.stdin.readlines()
    vertices_num = int(_input[0])
    vertices_info = map(lambda x: x.split(), _input[1:])
    init_adj_table = tuple([] for _ in range(vertices_num + 1))
    # assert len(vertex_info) == vertex_num

    # config length = (vertex_num + 1)
    stack = [-1]
    color = [UNVISITED] * (vertices_num + 1)
    d_time, f_time = ([0] * (vertices_num + 1) for _ in range(2))

    adj_table = generate_adj_matrix(vertices_info)
    # timing start from 1
    time = 1
    dfs_start()
    for k, v in enumerate(zip(d_time[1:], f_time[1:]), 1):
        print(k, *v)

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
input:
6
1 2 2 3
2 2 3 4
3 1 5
4 1 6
5 1 6
6 0

output:
1 1 12
2 2 11
3 3 8
4 9 10
5 4 7
6 5 6
"""
import sys

UNVISITED, VISITED_IN_STACK, POPPED_OUT = 0, 1, 2


def generate_adj_matrix(v_info):
    for v_detail in v_info:
        v_index, adj_num, *adj_list = map(int, v_detail)
        # assert len(adj_list) == adj_num
        init_adj_table[v_index].extend(sorted(adj_list, reverse=True))
    return init_adj_table


def graph_dfs(v_init):
    global time

    # init the first node of overall graph iterations(times >= 1)
    stack.append(v_init)
    color[v_init] = VISITED_IN_STACK
    d_time[v_init] += time
    # init end

    while stack:
        current = stack[-1]
        v_table = adj_table[current]
        # if adj is None, current's adj(s) have been all visited
        adj = v_table.pop() if v_table else None

        if adj:
            if color[adj] is UNVISITED:
                color[adj] = VISITED_IN_STACK
                time += 1
                d_time[adj] += time
                stack.append(adj)
        else:
            stack.pop()
            color[current] = POPPED_OUT
            time += 1
            f_time[current] += time

    return None


def dfs_start():
    global time
    for i in range(vertices_num):
        if color[i + 1] == UNVISITED:
            # print('round: ', i + 1)
            graph_dfs(i + 1)
            time += 1


if __name__ == '__main__':
    _input = sys.stdin.readlines()
    vertices_num = int(_input[0])
    vertices_info = map(lambda x: x.split(), _input[1:])
    init_adj_table = tuple([] for _ in range(vertices_num + 1))
    # assert len(vertex_info) == vertex_num

    # config length = (vertex_num + 1)
    stack = []
    color = [UNVISITED] * (vertices_num + 1)
    d_time, f_time = ([0] * (vertices_num + 1) for _ in range(2))

    adj_table = generate_adj_matrix(vertices_info)
    # timing start from 1
    time = 1
    dfs_start()

    for index, v in enumerate(zip(d_time[1:], f_time[1:]), 1):
        print(index, *v)

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
input:
6
1 2 2 3
2 2 3 4
3 1 5
4 1 6
5 1 6
6 0

output:
1 1 12
2 2 11
3 3 8
4 9 10
5 4 7
6 5 6
"""
import sys

UNVISITED, VISITED_IN_STACK, POPPED_OUT = 0, 1, 2


def generate_adj_matrix(v_info):
    for v_detail in v_info:
        v_index, adj_num, *adj_list = map(int, v_detail)
        # assert len(adj_list) == adj_num
        init_adj_table[v_index].extend(sorted(adj_list, reverse=True))
    return init_adj_table


def graph_dfs(v_init):
    global time

    # init the first node of overall graph iterations(times >= 1)
    stack.append(v_init)
    color[v_init] = VISITED_IN_STACK
    d_time[v_init] += time
    # init end

    while stack:
        current = stack[-1]
        v_table = adj_table[current]
        color[current]=VISITED_IN_STACK
        # if adj is None, current's adj(s) have been all visited
        adj = v_table.pop() if v_table else None

        if adj:
            if color[adj] is UNVISITED:
                color[adj] = VISITED_IN_STACK
                time += 1
                d_time[adj] += time
                stack.append(adj)
        else:
            stack.pop()
            color[current] = POPPED_OUT
            time += 1
            f_time[current] += time

    return None


def dfs_start():
    global time
    for i in range(vertices):
        if color[i + 1] == UNVISITED:
            # print('round: ', i + 1)
            graph_dfs(i + 1)
            time += 1


if __name__ == '__main__':
    _input = sys.stdin.readlines()
    vertices = int(_input[0])
    v_info = map(lambda x: x.split(), _input[1:])
    init_adj_table = tuple([] for _ in range(vertices + 1))
    # assert len(vertex_info) == vertex_num

    # config length = (vertex_num + 1)
    stack = []
    color = [UNVISITED] * (vertices + 1)
    d_time, f_time = ([0] * (vertices + 1) for _ in range(2))

    adj_table = generate_adj_matrix(v_info)
    # timing start from 1
    time = 1
    dfs_start()

    for index, v in enumerate(zip(d_time[1:], f_time[1:]), 1):
        print(index, *v)

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
input:
6
1 2 2 3
2 2 3 4
3 1 5
4 1 6
5 1 6
6 0

output:
1 1 12
2 2 11
3 3 8
4 9 10
5 4 7
6 5 6
"""
import sys

UNVISITED, VISITED_IN_STACK, POPPED_OUT = 0, 1, 2


def generate_adj_matrix(v_info):
    for v_detail in v_info:
        v_index, adj_num, *adj_list = map(int, v_detail)
        # assert len(adj_list) == adj_num
        init_adj_table[v_index].extend(sorted(adj_list, reverse=True))
    return init_adj_table


def graph_dfs(v_init):
    global time

    # init the first node of overall graph iterations(times >= 1)
    stack.append(v_init)
    d_time[v_init] += time
    # init end

    while stack:
        current = stack[-1]
        v_table = adj_table[current]
        color[current]=VISITED_IN_STACK
        # if adj is None, current's adj(s) have been all visited
        adj = v_table.pop() if v_table else None

        if adj:
            if color[adj] is UNVISITED:
                color[adj] = VISITED_IN_STACK
                time += 1
                d_time[adj] += time
                stack.append(adj)
        else:
            stack.pop()
            color[current] = POPPED_OUT
            time += 1
            f_time[current] += time

    return None


def dfs_start():
    global time
    for i in range(vertices):
        if color[i + 1] == UNVISITED:
            # print('round: ', i + 1)
            graph_dfs(i + 1)
            time += 1


if __name__ == '__main__':
    _input = sys.stdin.readlines()
    vertices = int(_input[0])
    v_info = map(lambda x: x.split(), _input[1:])
    init_adj_table = tuple([] for _ in range(vertices + 1))
    # assert len(vertex_info) == vertex_num

    # config length = (vertex_num + 1)
    stack = []
    color = [UNVISITED] * (vertices + 1)
    d_time, f_time = ([0] * (vertices + 1) for _ in range(2))

    adj_table = generate_adj_matrix(v_info)
    # timing start from 1
    time = 1
    dfs_start()

    for index, v in enumerate(zip(d_time[1:], f_time[1:]), 1):
        print(index, *v)

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
#coding:utf-8
        
def DFS(i,A,d,f,t):
    if d[i-1]:
        return t
    d[i-1]=t
    t+=1
    for j in A[i-1]:
        t=DFS(j,A,d,f,t)
    f[i-1]=t
    t+=1
    return t

if __name__=="__main__":
    n=int(input())
    A=[]
    for i in range(n):
        A.append(list(map(int,input().split(" ")))[2:])
    d=[0]*n
    f=[0]*n
    t=1
    for i in range(n):
        if d[i]==0:
            t=DFS(i+1,A,d,f,t)
    for i in range(n):
        print("{} {} {}".format(i+1,d[i],f[i]))

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
from enum import Enum


class Dfs(object):
    """ Depth First Search """
    class Status(Enum):
        white = 1
        gray = 2
        black = 3

    def __init__(self, data):
        self.time = 0
        num_of_nodes = len(data)+1
        self.color = [Dfs.Status.white] * (num_of_nodes+1)
        self.S = []
        self.M = self._make_matrix(data)
        self.s_time = [0] * (len(data) + 1)
        self.f_time = [0] * (len(data) + 1)

    def _make_matrix(self, data):
        """ ??£??\??????????????? (M[i][j]?????¢??§??????????????????+1??????????????????????????????) """
        num = len(data)
        graph_table = [[0] * (num+1) for _ in range(num+1)]
        for d in data:
            node_id = d[0]
            num_of_e = d[1]
            for e in d[2:]:
                graph_table[node_id][e] = 1
        return graph_table

    def search(self, start):
        self.time += 1
        self.s_time[start] = self.time
        self.S.append(start)
        self.color[start] = Dfs.Status.gray

        while self.S:
            u = self.S[-1]
            v = self.next(u)
            if v != None:
                if self.color[v] == Dfs.Status.white:
                    self.color[v] = Dfs.Status.gray
                    self.time += 1
                    self.s_time[v] = self.time
                    self.S.append((v))
            else:
                self.S = self.S[:-1]
                self.color[u] = Dfs.Status.black
                self.time += 1
                self.f_time[u] = self.time

    def next(self, node):
        """ ?¬?????¨???????????±???????????????????????????????????????????????¨??????????????????????????????? """
        edges = self.M[node]
        for i in range(1, len(edges)):
            if edges[i] == 1:
                if self.color[i] == Dfs.Status.white:
                    return i
        return None

    def print(self):
        for r in self.M:
            print(*r)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # ??????????????\???
    num = int(input())
    data = []
    for _ in range(num):
        data.append(list(map(int, input().split(' '))))

    # ???????????????
    d = Dfs(data)
    for i in range(1, num+1):
        if d.color[i] == Dfs.Status.white:
            d.search(i)

    # ???????????????
    for i in range(1, num+1):
        print('{0} {1} {2}'.format(i, d.s_time[i], d.f_time[i]))

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""

input:
6
1 2 2 3
2 2 3 4
3 1 5
4 1 6
5 1 6
6 0

output:
1 1 12
2 2 11
3 3 8
4 9 10
5 4 7
6 5 6

"""
import sys

UNVISITED, VISITED_IN_STACK, POPPED_OUT = 0, 1, 2


def dfs(v_init):
    global timer

    # init the first node of overall graph iterations(times >= 1)
    stack = list()
    stack.append(v_init)
    d_time[v_init] += timer
    # init end

    while stack:
        current = stack[-1]
        v_table = adj_table[current]
        visited[current] = VISITED_IN_STACK
        # if adj is None, current's adj(s) have been all visited
        adj = v_table.pop() if v_table else None

        if adj:
            if visited[adj] is UNVISITED:
                visited[adj] = VISITED_IN_STACK
                timer += 1
                d_time[adj] += timer
                stack.append(adj)
        else:
            stack.pop()
            visited[current] = POPPED_OUT
            timer += 1
            f_time[current] += timer

    return None


def dfs_init():
    global timer
    for v in range(v_num):
        if visited[v + 1] == UNVISITED:
            dfs(v + 1)
            timer += 1


if __name__ == '__main__':
    _input = sys.stdin.readlines()
    v_num = int(_input[0])
    vertices = map(lambda x: x.split(), _input[1:])

    # config length = (v_num + 1)
    # stack = []
    visited = [UNVISITED] * (v_num + 1)
    d_time, f_time = ([0] * (v_num + 1) for _ in range(2))
    adj_table = tuple([] for _ in range(v_num + 1))
    for v_info in vertices:
        v_index, adj_num, *adj_list = map(int, v_info)
        # assert len(adj_list) == adj_num
        adj_table[v_index].extend(sorted(adj_list, reverse=True))

    # timing start from 1
    timer = 1
    dfs_init()

    for index, time_info in enumerate(zip(d_time[1:], f_time[1:]), 1):
        print(index, *time_info)

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""

input:
6
1 2 2 3
2 2 3 4
3 1 5
4 1 6
5 1 6
6 0

output:
1 1 12
2 2 11
3 3 8
4 9 10
5 4 7
6 5 6

"""
import sys

UNVISITED, VISITED_IN_STACK, POPPED_OUT = 0, 1, 2


def dfs(v_init):
    global timer

    # init the first node of overall graph iterations(times >= 1)
    stack = list()
    stack.append(v_init)
    d_time[v_init] += timer
    # init end

    while stack:
        current = stack[-1]
        v_table = adj_table[current]
        visited[current] = VISITED_IN_STACK
        # if adj is None, current's adj(s) have been all visited
        adj = v_table.pop() if v_table else None

        if adj:
            if visited[adj] is UNVISITED:
                visited[adj] = VISITED_IN_STACK
                timer += 1
                d_time[adj] += timer
                stack.append(adj)
        else:
            stack.pop()
            visited[current] = POPPED_OUT
            timer += 1
            f_time[current] += timer

    return None


def dfs_init():
    global timer
    for v in range(v_num):
        if visited[v + 1] == UNVISITED:
            timer += 1
            dfs(v + 1)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    _input = sys.stdin.readlines()
    v_num = int(_input[0])
    vertices = map(lambda x: x.split(), _input[1:])

    # config length = (v_num + 1)
    # stack = []
    visited = [UNVISITED] * (v_num + 1)
    d_time, f_time = ([0] * (v_num + 1) for _ in range(2))
    adj_table = tuple([] for _ in range(v_num + 1))
    for v_info in vertices:
        v_index, adj_num, *adj_list = map(int, v_info)
        # assert len(adj_list) == adj_num
        adj_table[v_index].extend(sorted(adj_list, reverse=True))

    # timing start from 1
    timer = 0
    dfs_init()

    for index, time_info in enumerate(zip(d_time[1:], f_time[1:]), 1):
        print(index, *time_info)

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""

input:
6
1 2 2 3
2 2 3 4
3 1 5
4 1 6
5 1 6
6 0

output:
1 1 12
2 2 11
3 3 8
4 9 10
5 4 7
6 5 6

"""
import sys

UNVISITED, VISITED_IN_STACK, POPPED_OUT = 0, 1, 2


def dfs(v_init):
    global timer

    # init the first node of overall graph iterations(times >= 1)
    stack = list()
    stack.append(v_init)
    d_time[v_init] += timer
    # init end

    while stack:
        current = stack[-1]
        v_table = adj_table[current]
        visited[current] = VISITED_IN_STACK
        # if adj is None, current's adj(s) have been all visited
        adj = v_table.pop() if v_table else None

        if adj:
            if visited[adj] is UNVISITED:
                visited[adj] = VISITED_IN_STACK
                timer += 1
                d_time[adj] += timer
                stack.append(adj)
        else:
            stack.pop()
            visited[current] = POPPED_OUT
            timer += 1
            f_time[current] += timer

    return None


def dfs_init():
    global timer
    for v in range(v_num):
        if visited[v + 1] == UNVISITED:
            timer += 1
            dfs(v + 1)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    _input = sys.stdin.readlines()
    v_num = int(_input[0])
    vertices = map(lambda x: x.split(), _input[1:])

    visited = [UNVISITED] * (v_num + 1)
    d_time, f_time = ([0] * (v_num + 1) for _ in range(2))
    adj_table = tuple([] for _ in range(v_num + 1))
    for v_info in vertices:
        v_idx, adj_num, *adj_list = map(int, v_info)
        # assert len(adj_list) == adj_num
        adj_table[v_idx].extend(sorted(adj_list, reverse=True))

    timer = 0
    dfs_init()

    for v_idx, time_info in enumerate(zip(d_time[1:], f_time[1:]), 1):
        print(v_idx, *time_info)

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
def dfs(u, colors, matrix, time, detect_time, finished_time):
    # ????????????????????¨??????????????????
    colors = colors
    detect_time = detect_time
    finished_time = finished_time
    time = time + 1
    stack = list()
    stack.append(u)
    colors[u] = 1
    detect_time[u] = time
    while len(stack):
        for i, val in enumerate(matrix[u]):
            if val == 1 and colors[i] == 0:
                time += 1
                stack.append(i)
                colors[i] = 1
                detect_time[i] = time
                u = i
                break
        else:
            time += 1
            e = stack.pop()
            colors[e] = 2
            finished_time[e] = time
            if len(stack):
                u = stack[-1]
    return time


if __name__ == '__main__':
    N = int(input())
    matrix = [[0] * N for _ in range(N)]
    color = [0] * N
    for i in matrix:
        node_info = [int(i) for i in input().split()]
        node_i = node_info[0] - 1
        if not node_info[1] == 0:
            for i in node_info[2:]:
                matrix[node_i][i - 1] = 1
    colors = [0] * len(matrix)
    detect_time = [0] * len(matrix)
    finished_time = [0] * len(matrix)
    time = 0
    for i, val in enumerate(colors):
        if val == 0:
            time = dfs(i, colors, matrix, time, detect_time, finished_time)

    for i in range(len(matrix)):
        print('{} {} {}'.format(i + 1, detect_time[i], finished_time[i]))

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
import sys

def debug(x, table):
    for name, val in table.items():
        if x is val:
            print('DEBUG:{} -> {}'.format(name, val), file=sys.stderr)
            return None

time = 0

def dfs(u, adj, d, f, sumi):
    global time
    sumi.add(u)
    time += 1
    d[u] = time

    for v in adj[u]:
        if v not in sumi:
            dfs(v, adj, d, f, sumi)
            
    time += 1

    f[u] = time


def solve():
    n = int(input())
    adj = [None] * n

    for i in range(n):
        u, k, *vs = [int(j) - 1 for j in input().split()]
        # debug(vs, locals())
        adj[u] = vs

    # debug(adj, locals())
    
    d = [0] * n
    f = [0] * n
    sumi = {0}
    mitan = set(range(1, n))

    dfs(0, adj, d, f, sumi)
    mitan -= sumi
    # debug(mitan, locals())

    
    while mitan:
        u = min(mitan)
        dfs(u, adj, d, f, sumi)
        mitan -= sumi
        # debug(mitan, locals())
        

    for i in range(n):
        print(i + 1, d[i], f[i])

    pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
    solve()

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
def dfs_recursive(u):
    global time
    color[u] = 'gray'
    arrive[u] = time
    time += 1
    for v in range(n):
        if adjMat[u][v] == 1 and color[v] == 'white':
            dfs_recursive(v)
    color[u] = 'black'
    finish[u] = time
    time += 1


n = int(input())

adjMat = [[0] * n for _ in range(n)]
color = ['white'] * n
arrive = [0] * n
finish = [0] * n
time = 1

for _ in range(n):
    adj = list(map(int, input().split()))
    i = adj[0]
    v = adj[2:]
    for j in v:
        adjMat[i - 1][j - 1] = 1

for root in range(n):
    if color[root] == 'white':
        dfs_recursive(root)


for i in range(n):
    out = ''
    out += '{} {} {}'.format(i + 1, arrive[i], finish[i])
    print(out)

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
def get_unvisted_child(v, timestamp):
  while len(G[v]) > 0:
    c = G[v].pop(0)
    if not c in timestamp: return c
  return -1

def get_unvisited_node(G, timestamp):
  for v in sorted(G):
    if not v in timestamp: return v
  return -1

def dept_first_search(G):
  t = 1
  timestamp = {}
  stack = []

  v = get_unvisited_node(G, timestamp)
  while v > 0:
    stack.append(v)
    timestamp[v] = [t]
    t += 1

    while len(stack) > 0:
      v = stack[-1]
      c = get_unvisted_child(v, timestamp)
      if c > 0:
        #c = G[v].pop(0)
        stack.append(c)
        timestamp[c] = [t]
      else:
        timestamp[v].append(t)
        stack.pop()
      t += 1

    v = get_unvisited_node(G, timestamp)

  for v in sorted(timestamp):
    print(v, *timestamp[v])

G = {}
for i in range(int(input())):
  x = list(map(int, input().split()))
  G[x[0]] = x[2:]

dept_first_search(G)

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
n = int(input())
Adj = [[0 for i in range(n)] for i in range(n)]
 
for i in range(n):
    u = list(map(int, input().split()))
    if u[1] > 0:
        for i in u[2: 2 + u[1]]:
            Adj[u[0] - 1][i - 1] = 1
 
color = [0] * n
d = [0] * n
f = [0] * n
time = 0
def dfs(u):
    global time
    color[u - 1] = 1
    time += 1
    d[u - 1] = time
    for i in range(1, n+1):
        if Adj[u - 1][i - 1] == 1 and color[i - 1] == 0:
            dfs(i)
    color[u - 1] = 2
    time += 1
    f[u - 1] = time

for i in range(1, n+1):
    if color[i-1] == 0:
        dfs(i)
for i in range(n):
    print("{} {} {}".format(i+1,d[i],f[i]))

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
n=int(input())
#V[u]=[k,[v],d,f]
V=[[0,[],0,0]]
for i in range(n):
    v=[int(i) for i in input().split(" ")]
    u=v.pop(0)
    k=v.pop(0)
    v.sort()
    V.append([k,v,0,0])


def is_finished(Id):
    k=V[Id][0]
    v=V[Id][1]
    for i in range(k):
        if V[v[i]][2]==0:
            return v[i]
    return -1

time=1

while time<=2*n:
 for i in range(1,n+1):
     if V[i][2]==0:
         cur=i
         log=[i]
         break

 while len(log)>0:
    if V[cur][2]==0:
        V[cur][2]=time
        time+=1


    x=is_finished(cur)
    if x!=-1:
        cur=x
        log.append(cur)
    else:
        try:
            log.pop(-1)
            V[cur][3]=time
            time+=1
            if V[cur][3]==V[cur][2]:
                time+=1
                V[cur][3]+=1

            cur=log[-1]
        except:
            pass
for i in range(1,n+1):
    print(i,V[i][2],V[i][3])

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
def DFS(adj, start):
    n = len(adj)
    d = [0] * n
    f = [0] * n
    flag = [0] * n
    S = []
    time = 1

    S.append(start)
    flag[start] = 1
    d[start] = time
    time = time + 1
    
    while flag.count(2) != n: # ??¨????????????????????¢?´¢????????????????????§
        if len(S) != 0:
            u = S.pop()
            v = next(adj, u)
            v = [i for i in v if flag[i] == 0] # v <= ??£??\???????????????????????¢?´¢??????????????????
            if len(v) != 0:
                S.append(u)
                S.append(v[0])
                flag[v[0]] = 1
                d[v[0]] = time
                time = time + 1
            else:
            #??£??\??????????????¨????¨??????????
                flag[u] = 2
                f[u] = time
                time = time + 1

        else:
            u = flag.index(0)
            S.append(u)
            flag[u] = 1
            d[u] = time
            time = time + 1            

    return d, f



def next(adj, u):
    """
    u?????£??\??????????????????????????????????????????
    """
    return [i for i, x in enumerate(adj[u]) if x == 1]
    

def main():
    
    n = int(input())
    adj = [[0 for i in range(n)] for j in range(n)]

    for i in range(n):
        tmp = list(map(int, input().split()))
        u = tmp[0]
        u = u -1
        k = tmp[1]
        v = tmp[2:]
        for j in range(k):
            adj[u][v[j]-1] = 1
    
    d, f = DFS(adj, 0)
    for i in range(n):
        print(i+1, d[i], f[i])

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

def DFS(adj, start):
    n = len(adj)
    d = [0] * n
    f = [0] * n
    flag = [0] * n
    S = []
    time = 1

    S.append(start)
    flag[start] = 1
    d[start] = time
    time = time + 1
    
    while flag.count(2) != n: # ??¨????????????????????¢?´¢????????????????????§
        if len(S) != 0:
            u = S.pop()
            v = next(adj, u)
            v = [i for i in v if flag[i] == 0] # v <= ??£??\???????????????????????¢?´¢??????????????????
            if len(v) != 0:
                S.append(u)
                S.append(v[0])
                flag[v[0]] = 1
                d[v[0]] = time
                time = time + 1
            else:
            #??£??\??????????????¨????¨??????????
                flag[u] = 2
                f[u] = time
                time = time + 1

        else:
            u = flag.index(0)
            S.append(u)
            flag[u] = 1
            d[u] = time
            time = time + 1            

    return d, f



def next(adj, u):
    """
    u?????£??\??????????????????????????????????????????
    """
    return [i for i, x in enumerate(adj[u]) if x == 1]
    

def main():
    
    n = int(input())
    adj = [[0 for i in range(n)] for j in range(n)]

    for i in range(n):
        tmp = list(map(int, input().split()))
        u = tmp[0]
        u = u -1
        k = tmp[1]
        v = tmp[2:]
        for j in range(k):
            adj[u][v[j]-1] = 1
    
    d, f = DFS(adj, 0)
    for i in range(n):
        print(i+1, d[i], f[i])

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Submission status: Accepted

Solution code:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

def DFS(adj, start):
    n = len(adj)
    d = [0] * n
    f = [0] * n
    flag = [0] * n
    S = []
    time = 1

    S.append(start)
    flag[start] = 1
    d[start] = time
    time = time + 1
    
    while flag.count(2) != n: # ??¨????????????????????¢?´¢????????????????????§
        if len(S) != 0:
            u = S.pop()
            v = [i for i, x in enumerate(adj[u]) if (x == 1) and (flag[i] == 0)] # v <= ??£??\???????????????????????¢?´¢??????????????????
            if len(v) != 0:
                S.append(u)
                S.append(v[0])
                flag[v[0]] = 1
                d[v[0]] = time
                time = time + 1
            else:
            #??£??\??????????????¨????¨??????????
                flag[u] = 2
                f[u] = time
                time = time + 1

        else:
            u = flag.index(0)
            S.append(u)
            flag[u] = 1
            d[u] = time
            time = time + 1            

    return d, f    

def main():
    
    n = int(input())
    adj = [[0 for i in range(n)] for j in range(n)]

    for i in range(n):
        tmp = list(map(int, input().split()))
        u = tmp[0]
        u = u -1
        k = tmp[1]
        v = tmp[2:]
        for j in range(k):
            adj[u][v[j]-1] = 1
    
    d, f = DFS(adj, 0)
    for i in range(n):
        print(i+1, d[i], f[i])

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()