refusal to recognize any of the signposts , as if discovering a way through to the bitter end without a map 
(ROOT (S (NP (NN refusal) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB recognize) (NP (NP (DT any)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNS signposts)))))))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN as) (IN if) (S (VP (VBG discovering) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN way)) (PP (IN through) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (JJ bitter) (NN end)))) (PP (IN without) (NP (DT a) (NN map)))))))))
(ROOT (S (NP (NN ) (S (VP (TO ) (VP (VB ) (NP (NP (DT )) (PP (IN ) (NP (DT ) (NNS )))))))) (, ) (SBAR (IN ) (IN ) (S (VP (VBG ) (NP (NP (DT ) (NN )) (PP (IN ) (PP (IN ) (NP (DT ) (JJ ) (NN )))) (PP (IN ) (NP (DT ) (NN )))))))))