Iron Deficiency in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Evection Fraction

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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About half of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have iron deficiency who are symptomatic. This is independently associated with bad quality of life, low functional capacity, lower quality of, life and increased mortality. The prevalence of iron deficiency in HFrEF patients in Jordan has not been studied in the past.

Detailed Description
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The prevalence of chronic heart failure among the industrialized countries is 1-3%, and can exceed 30% in the elderly population. As the population ages, there is an increase in the number of co-morbidities among heart failure patients. These comorbidities are associated with an increase in major adverse cardiac events (MACE), cost, and complexity of care. Iron deficiency is one of the most common comorbidities occurring in patients with heart failure. Its prevalence can be as high as 59%, even if patients are non-anemic[4]. Iron deficiency in heart failure can lead to an impaired exercise capacity, a decreased quality of life and an increased risk of hospitalizations and mortality regardless of anemia. The relationship between the severity of iron deficiency and the prognosis is a linear one, with increased severity being associated with increased mortality. Intravenous iron treatment has been shown to improve the quality of life, with an increased exercise capacity and a reduced risk for hospitalizations. The prevalence of iron deficiency in HFrEF patients in Middle Eastern population has not been studied. We suspect a higher prevalence compared to Western populations especially in women.

Official Title
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The Prevalence of Iron Deficiency in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Evection Fraction in a Middle Eastern Population

Conditions
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Iron Deficiency, Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Heart failure with an ejection fraction of ≤40% within the last 2 years. NYHA class II-IV. NT-ProBNP >125 pg/ml or BNP ≥35 pg/mL Able and willing to provide oral informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: Age<18 years. Estimated glomerular filtration rate eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2. Acute coronary syndrome. Known cases of iron overload (e.g. hemochromatosis); known cases of anemia due to other causes. Oral iron supplements within the previous 4 weeks; erythropoietin stimulating agents or blood transfusion within the last 3 months. Active clinically relevant bleeding in the investigator's opinion. Patients with chronic inflammatory conditions (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis; Crohn's disease, etc.); active infection; and decompensated liver disease.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Iron deficiency | A serum ferritin level of <100 ng/ml, or a serum ferritin level of 100-299 ng/ml with a TSAT of < 20% confirms the diagnosis of iron deficiency, regardless of the HB level. TSAT is calculated by the following formula: Serum iron/ TIBC *100. | From date of study enrollment until the date of first documented diagnosis of iron deficiency up to 2 weeks. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Iron deficiency, Heart failure, Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction