Improving Occupational Therapy Students' Holistic Care Competencies Through a Structured Holistic Thinking Curriculum: a Mixed Design

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Background: Occupational therapy emphasizes the holistic approach, but occupational therapy students are unable to use holistic thinking to design holistic solutions for cases immediately during their internship due to their lack of clinical experience, which requires extensive guidance from clinical occupational therapist. Study Aim: To improve the holistic care competencies of occupational therapy students using a structured holistic thinking curriculum. Methods: The study population was occupational therapy interns from a northern teaching hospital. The holistic thinking curriculum was designed as a structured program using mind maps, case-based discussions, and clinical observations to integrate physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects. The experimental group took a pre-test after a case report in weeks 4 and 5, a first post-test and course satisfaction after the first structured holistic thinking course, and a second structured holistic thinking course with a second post-test and course satisfaction in weeks 11 and 12; the control group had no course but had a guided version of the holistic thinking case study form for independent study, and the control and experimental groups were tested pre and post using the holistic thinking case study form and the personal learning self-efficacy scale. Data analysis: Quantitative data for the holistic thinking case study form were determined by three occupational therapists with at least 5 years of teaching experience through consensus conferences to determine the degree of compliance of the case study form with holistic care, and differences between the holistic thinking case study form and the personal learning self-efficacy scale were determined by Kruskal-Wallis with a p-value of 0.05. Qualitative data for the holistic thinking case study form were determined by three occupational therapists with at least 5 years of teaching experience to determine the degree of compliance of the case study form with holistic care and regular meetings were held to achieve consistency in coding.

Official Title
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Improving Occupational Therapy Students' Holistic Care Competencies Through a Structured Holistic Thinking Curriculum: a Mixed Design

Conditions
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Holistic Care Competencies of Occupational Therapy Students

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Structured holistic thinking course(2 hr)
* Other: Clinical practice training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: occupational therapy students who were interns at the Shuanghe Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare students who could read, write, and communicate in Chinese students who were 20 years of age or older. Exclusion Criteria: those who could not attend the entire course those who could not complete the 12-week internship.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Experimental group<br>During the 12 weeks of the internship, the experimental group took a pre-test after a case report-1 in weeks 4-5, which included completing the holistic thinking case analysis form and the personal learning self-efficacy questionnaire, followed by a 2-hour structured holistic thinking course. At the end of the session, subjects took the first post-test, revised the case analysis form completed in the pre-test based on the case report-1 observed in the pre-test, and completed the personal learning self-efficacy questionnaire and the satisfaction questionnaire again. During weeks 6-11 of the internship, participants continue to receive clinical practice training in assessment, intervention planning, and patient intervention skills. In weeks 11-12 of the internship, subjects took a second post-test after reading case report-2, which included completing the holistic thinking case analysis form and again completing the personal learning self-efficacy questionnaire. | Other: Structured holistic thinking course(2 hr)<br>* The holistic thinking curriculum was designed as a structured program using mind maps, case-based discussions, and clinical observations to integrate physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Control group<br>During the 12 weeks of the internship, the control group had no structured holistic thinking course. During weeks 4-5 of the internship, after viewing case report-1, a pretest consisting of completing the holistic thinking case analysis form and the personal learning self-efficacy questionnaire was completed and a holistic thinking case analysis form - introductory version was given. Subjects will revise the holistic thinking case analysis form completed in the pretest and complete the personal learning self-efficacy questionnaire again. During weeks 6-11 of the internship, participants continue to receive clinical practice training in assessment, intervention planning, and patient intervention skills. In weeks 11-12 of the internship, subjects received the post-test, viewed the case report-2, and were given the holistic thinking case analysis form - introductory version and completed the holistic thinking case analysis form and the personal learning self-efficacy questionnaire. | Other: Clinical practice training<br>* there is no holistic thinking curriculum.Using the holistic thinking case study form - introductory version self-study<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The quantitative data of the Holistic Thinking Case Analysis Form | The Holistic Thinking Case Analysis Form: Taken from cases (caregivers) to see if subjects can analyze holistic abilities/problems based on physical, mental, social and spiritual aspects. Higher scores indicate better analysis of the problem and are quantitative data. The holistic occupational therapy intervention plan extract looks at whether the subject can present an occupational therapy intervention plan with the concept of holistic care, which is qualitative. The higher the score, the more appropriate it is, which is quantitative data. The above information was coded and analyzed by three occupational therapists with more than five years of teaching experience, and quantitative information was determined through consensus conferences. | Change from baseline after immediate intervention/Change from baseline at week 12 | 
| MSLQ:Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire | Measuring subjects' learning self-efficacy | Change from baseline after immediate intervention/Change from baseline at week 12 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Course Satisfaction Questionnaire | The purpose of the questionnaire was to understand the subjects' satisfaction, usefulness, and suggestions regarding the course content and to increase the subjects' connection to the holistic care curriculum, clinical experience, and skills knowledge through course reflection. | After each training session(week 4-5/week 11-12) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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mind map, Holistic health care, occupational therapy student