The Effect of Foot Reflexology and Foot Bath on Paın And Qualıty of Lıfe Applıed to Dıabetıc Neuropathıc Paın

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Introduction: Pain relief in diabetic neuropathy is one of the main goals of treatment. Foot reflexology and foot bath, which are two of the important applications of holistic approaches, reduce pain and can significantly increase the quality of life. Objective: In the current study, it was aimed to examine the effects of foot reflexology and foot bath applied to diabetic individuals with neuropathic pain on pain and quality of life. Method: In this randomized controlled study, the sample was randomized into three groups: (I) Foot reflexology (n: 30), (II) Foot bath (n: 30), and (III) Control (n: 30). The Patient Information Form, DN4 Pain Questionnaire, Neuropathic Pain Impact on Quality-of-Life questionnaire (NePIQoL), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were used to collect research data. In the study, a protective sensory examination was also performed with the Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament (SWM) Test and the Vibration Test (128 Hz diapason). Apart from these, foot care training was given to all patients included in the practice groups as the role of the diabetes nurse, based on the diabetic foot care training prepared by the Turkish Diabetes Association.

Detailed Description
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(I) Foot reflexology group Individuals in the foot reflexology group were treated by the researcher once a week for a total of 60 minutes, 30 minutes on each foot, for 6 weeks. (II) Foot bath group In the first meeting, each patient in the foot bath group was informed about the way of doing a footbath in practice. Each patient in the foot bath group was asked to apply a foot bath for 10 minutes, 3 times a week, and twice a day for 6 weeks. A plastic foot bath tub (42 x 37 x 12 cm) without a massage function is provided for each of the patients (Figure 2D). In order not to miss the applications, the patient was followed up by phone on the specified days (3 times a week, Monday-Wednesday-Friday). The patient was told that the foot bath water should be at 40 degrees celsius and that his feet should be kept in water for 10 minutes, approximately 10 cm above the ankle 25. The patient came to the clinic for the forms and protective sensory examination in the 2nd, 4th, and last week. Control group Forms and protective sensory examination tests were applied to the patients in the control group, as in the intervention groups, and no application was made other than standard nursing care.

Official Title
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Gaziantep University's Clinical Research Ethics Committee

Conditions
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Diabetic Neuropathy, Painful

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: randomized controlled study


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Participants diagnosed with diabetes and the value of HgbA1c ≥ 6.5, Participants with the DN4 ≥ 4, Participants with the VAS ≥ 4. Exclusion Criteria: Participants who were pregnant Participants who received any other complementary therapy during the period of the study, Participants who had history of systolic blood pressure lower than 100 mmHg in the past, Participants who were taking systemic corticosteroids in the previous month, Participants who with peripheral artery disease, gonarthrosis, spinal disc herniation, ankle tendonitis, active foot ulcer, and infection Participants who had histories of Kidney, heart and brain diseases, rheumatic diseases, thyroid diseases, other hormonal disorders, and malignancy,

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Foot reflexology group<br>Individuals in the foot reflexology group were treated by the researcher once a week for a total of 60 minutes, 30 minutes on each foot, for 6 weeks (28,29) (Figure 2C). | Other: randomized controlled study<br>* randomized controlled study,no drugs or devices were administered to the participants.<br>|
| Experimental: Foot bath group<br>In the first meeting, each participant in the foot bath group was informed about the way of doing a footbath in practice. Each participant in the foot bath group was asked to apply a foot bath for 10 minutes, 3 times a week, and twice a day for 6 weeks. A plastic foot bath tub (42 x 37 x 12 cm) without a massage function is provided for each of the participant s (Figure 2D). In order not to miss the applications, the participant was followed up by phone on the specified days (3 times a week, Monday-Wednesday-Friday). Th participant was told that the foot bath water should be at 40 degrees celsius and that his feet should be kept in water for 10 minutes, approximately 10 cm above the ankle (24). The participant came to the clinic for the forms and protective sensory examination in the 2nd, 4th, and last week. | Other: randomized controlled study<br>* randomized controlled study,no drugs or devices were administered to the participants.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control group<br>Forms and protective sensory examination tests were applied to the participant s in the control group, as in the intervention groups, and no application was made other than standard nursing care. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pain scores | Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions -It consists of 10 questions in total. The total scale score is calculated by giving 1 point for the yes answer given by the patient to each of the questions and examination findings, and 0 points for the no answer. The lowest score is 0, the highest 10 points can be obtained. is evaluated. | 6 weeks | 
| Pain severity | Visual Analog Scale (VAS)-It is an equidistant scale on a 10 cm horizontal plane, on one side of which there is no pain and on the other side the pain is unbearable. The patient is asked to mark the point on this line that best expresses the severity of his or her pain. This distance, measured in millimeters, is interpreted as a score .For pain severity, 0 points are no pain and 10 points are worst unbearable pain. evaluated as. | 6 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sensory level | Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament (SWM) Test-During the test, the monofilament designed to apply 10 grams of pressure to the patients is touched to the designated areas of the foot until it forms the letter C. Pressure is applied to three different areas (1st metatarsal head, plantar surface of distal hallux, 5th metatarsal plantar surface) on both feet for one second, sufficient to bend the monofilament, and patients are asked whether they feel this pressure. Expression of pressure by the patient in at least two of the three areas on the plantar surface of the foot indicates sensory loss. | 6 weeks | 
| Vibration sense | Vibration Test (128 Hz) diapason-It is applied to the patients in the supine position with 128 Hz Diaposan.The tuning fork is placed perpendicularly and steadily on the dorsal surface of the distal phalanx of the first toe of the foot .The felt vibration time is recorded and if the patient feels the tuning fork vibration after 10 seconds, it is considered as no vibration sense. | 6 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Diabetes, Neuropathic Pain, Foot Reflexology, Foot Bath