Foot Spine Syndrome RAFFET Syndrome

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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case series aimed to describe a new clinical condition for the first time in the medical literature called Foot Spine Syndrome or RAFFET Syndrome. This syndrome was reported in 11 patients (6 males and 5 females) out of 4000 patients with a history of chronic low back pain (CLBP) throughout 2 to 6 years in an outpatient clinic in Egypt from 2016 to 2022.

Detailed Description
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Foot pain is usually derived from systemic disorder or local physical issues, such as tendonitis, arthritis, or bursitis. However, in some cases, pain in your foot may be linked to problems in your spine. This case series aimed to describe a new clinical condition for the first time in the medical literature called Foot Spine Syndrome or RAFFET Syndrome. This syndrome was reported in 11 patients (6 males and 5 females) out of 4000 patients with a history of chronic low back pain (CLBP) throughout 2 to 6 years in an outpatient clinic in Egypt from 2016 to 2022. The patients suffered from CLBP that did not respond to physical therapy or any medication for long. They all had clinical spinal instability, hallux rigidus, foot abnormalities and tightness of hip flexors and adductors accompanied with weakness of hip extensors and abductors on the affected side. Manual therapy for the big toe including; Maitland mobilization (Grade 3,4), Mulligan mobilization with movement techniques, muscle energy techniques, manual therapy for plantar fascia, strengthening exercises and self-stretching exercises was performed.

Official Title
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Foot Spine Syndrome RAFFET Syndrome New Critical Implication in Clinical Biomechanics

Conditions
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Chronic Low-back Pain, Hallux Rigidus

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: manual therapy and exercise for the big toe
* Other: lumbar stabilization exercise


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: patients with a history of chronic low back pain (CLBP) did not respond to physical therapy or any medication for long. They all had clinical spinal instability, hallux rigidus, foot abnormalities and tightness of hip flexors and adductors accompanied with weakness of hip extensors and abductors on the affected side Exclusion Criteria: any structural deformity (wedge fracture) or previous spinal surgeries. Spinal tumors or fracture or presence of active infection in the lumbar spine. Systematic disorder (Rheumatoid) Cauda equine lesion, the presence of any comorbidities such as hypertension, DM, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and any autoimmune disease, history of patients who suffered from cancer, unexplained weight loss, immunosuppression, prolonged use of steroids, intravenous drug use, urinary tract infection, pain that is increased or unrelieved by rest, fever, significant trauma related to age, bladder or bowel incontinence, urinary retention (with overflow incontinence), saddle anesthesia, loss of anal sphincter tone, major motor weakness in lower extremities, fever, and vertebral tenderness.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 40 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: manual therapy for the big toe<br>Maitland mobilization (Grade 3,4), Mulligan mobilization with movement techniques, muscle energy techniques, manual therapy for plantar fascia, strengthening exercises and self-stretching exercises was performed | Other: manual therapy and exercise for the big toe<br>* Maitland mobilization (Grade 3,4), Mulligan mobilization with movement techniques, muscle energy techniques, manual therapy for plantar fascia, strengthening exercises and self-stretching exercises was performed<br>|
| Experimental: lumbar stabilization exercise<br>core training and myofascial release therapy | Other: lumbar stabilization exercise<br>* core training and myofascial release therapy<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| numerical pain rating scale | considered the gold standard for back pain assessment | three months | 
| Oswestry disability index | It is a valid, reliable and responsive clinical tool used to determine the level of functional disability associated with CLBP | three months |