Phenotypic Classification of FMR With CMR

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The goal of the current research is to develop personalized risk prediction for functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) patients through explainable unsupervised phenomapping enriched with advanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging biomarkers, and to determine the CMR predictors of reverse remodeling following modern therapies for FMR. The prospective study entails aiming to recruit 360 adult patients (ages >18 years) with EF 10-50% and FMR RF> 20%, who are clinically referred for CMR evaluation. Patients who enroll in our study will be referred for optimization of mGDMT and will undergo follow-up CMR studies at 6months. NICM patients who are fully medically optimized with significant FMR at the time of the baseline CMR and are referred for Mitraclip treatment will undergo follow-up CMR 6 months from Mitraclip intervention. NICM patients referred for mGDMT optimization, but have persistent or progressive FMR at the time of 6 month follow-up CMR and referred for Mitraclip therapy, will undergo a 2nd follow-up CMR 6 months from Mitraclip therapy.

Detailed Description
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Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) portends a bleak prognosis and is a common consequence of ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM, NICM), where adverse annular and left ventricular (LV) remodeling and/or infarction alters mitral valve (MV) function. Prior studies demonstrate significant increases in mortality risk as severity of FMR increases; mortality rates range from 15-40% at 1 year. Furthermore, as the prevalence of heart failure (HF) is rising, FMR is projected to double from over 2 million patients in 2000 to over 4 million patients in the United States by 2030. Defining FMR severity, optimal timing of intervention, and most appropriate method for intervention remain controversial. Recently, MITRA-FR and COAPT trials demonstrated contrasting survival benefit with percutaneous MV repair, demonstrating the importance and need for more optimal selection criteria. Currently, the patient selection criteria for Mitraclip therapy are solely based on MV anatomy and controversial echocardiographic criteria for FMR severity. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) provides an exciting opportunity to address numerous unmet needs regarding characterizing FMR and the need for more optimal selection criteria for improving outcomes. Superior accuracy and reproducibility for quantification of LV size and function, and gold standard tissue characterization, positions CMR as the ideal imaging modality for comprehensively characterizing FMR and the underlying myopathic processes that significantly impact response to FMR therapies. The goal of the current research is to develop personalized risk prediction for FMR patients through explainable unsupervised phenomapping enriched with advanced CMR imaging biomarkers, and to determine the CMR predictors of reverse remodeling following modern therapies for FMR. The proposed research will leverage a large retrospective single center NICM CMR database. Our CMR NICM database currently features 458 NICM patients, who underwent CMR on a single CMR vendor platform from 2008-2017, who have been extensively curated with contoured data for standard CMR measures. An additional 802 NICM patients have been identified from our 2018-2021 CMR database with EF<50% with the same inclusion/exclusion criteria, which will be extensively curated to enable phenomapping discovery. An external 400 NICM patient cohort will be used as an external validation cohort. The prospective study entails aiming to recruit 360 adult patients (ages >18 years) with EF 10-50% and FMR RF> 20%, who are clinically referred for CMR evaluation. Patients who enroll in our study will be referred for optimization of mGDMT with Heart Failure Pharmacist Clinic and followed every 2 weeks until optimized. All will return and undergo follow-up CMR studies at 6months. NICM patients who are fully medically optimized with significant FMR at the time of the baseline CMR and are referred for Mitraclip treatment will undergo follow-up CMR 6 months from Mitraclip intervention. NICM patients referred for mGDMT optimization, but have persistent or progressive FMR at the time of 6 month follow-up CMR and referred for Mitraclip therapy, will undergo a 2nd follow-up CMR 6 months from Mitraclip therapy. CMR will be done on dedicated cardiac research MRI scanner.

Official Title
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Improving Phenotypic Classification and Prediction of Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathy and Functional Mitral Regurgitation

Conditions
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Nonischemic Congestive Cardiomyopathy, Functional Mitral Regurgitation

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 1 CMR LVEF <50% 2.FMR Fraction>20%, with adequate image quality and no evidence of severe obstructive CAD Exclusion Criteria: >moderate aortic regurgitation/stenosis, <18 years of age, acute myocarditis, eGFR<15 HCM cardiac amyloidosis/sarcoidosis prior mitral valve intervention myocardial infarction within 8 weeks of CMR ischemic infarct pattern on CMR

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Optimize mGDMT<br>NICM patients referred for mGDMT optimization | Diagnostic Test: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)<br>* Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) at 6 months. If referred to MitraClip, CMR will be performed at 6 months from the procedure.<br>|
| MitraClip and mGDMT<br>NICM patients who are fully medically optimized with significant FMR at the time of the baseline CMR and are referred for Mitraclip treatment | Diagnostic Test: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)<br>* Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) at 6 months. If referred to MitraClip, CMR will be performed at 6 months from the procedure.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Composite of cardiac mortality, heart transplant, or LVAD implantation. | Occurrence of cardiac mortality and/or heart transplant and/or LVAD implantation | Up to 36 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in FMR | a change of >5 units/percentage points compared to baseline | 6 months | 
| Change in NT-proBNP | 30% change in NT-proBNP or decrease to level < 1000 compared to baseline | 6 months | 
| Change in KCQL score | 5 point change in KCQL score compared to baseline | 6 months | 
| Change in 6-minute walk test | 25 meter change in 6-minute walk test compared to baseline | 6 months | 
| Recurrent heart failure hospitalization | Occurrence of heart failure related hospitalization | up to 1 year | 
| Arrhythmias | Occurrence of arrhythmia | up to 1 year | 
| MI | Occurrence of myocardial infarction | up to 1 year | 
| Stroke | Occurrence of stroke | up to 1 year | 
| Heart transplant | Occurrence of heart transplant | up to 1 year | 
| LVAD implantation | Occurrence of implant of left ventricular assisted device (LVAD) | up to 1 year | 
| Mortality | Occurrence of mortality | up to 1 year |