Health Education and Counseling in Smoking Cessation Behavior, Smoking Decisional Balance, and Self-efficacy

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Most male smokers with coronary heart disease resume smoking after hospital discharge. The main reason for failure to quit smoking is lack of motivation. However, few studies have used individual health education models to explore the effectiveness of smoking cessation according to the stage of change in smoking cessation behavior of patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of health education and counseling on the stages of change, smoking decisional balance, and self-efficacy of smoking cessation in smokers with no intention of quitting.

Detailed Description
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Patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease by a medical center and smoked habitually were recruited as participants through convenience sampling. The research period was divided into a control stage (first to fourth week: standard of care) and the experimental stage (fifth to eighth week: health education and counseling). In the control stage, participants only received standard nursing care. In the experimental stage, intervention measures (health education and counseling) were implemented. The baseline data were the pretest data collected in the control stage. Four weeks later, a posttest was performed, namely the pretest of the experimental stage. Subsequently, 4 weeks of health education and counseling were introduced to smokers according to different stages. After 4 weeks of intervention, participants were asked to fill out the posttest questionnaire again to measure the stages of change for smoking cessation, smoking decisional balance, and self-efficacy of smoking cessation.

Official Title
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Effectiveness of Health Education and Counseling on Stages of Change in Smoking Cessation Behavior, Smoking Decisional Balance, and Self-efficacy of Smoking Cessation: A Prospective Self-control Study

Conditions
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Coronary Heart Disease, Smoking Cessation, Smoking Behaviors

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: health education and counseling


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease by a medical center and smoked habitually Exclusion Criteria: -

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: The research period was divided into a control stage (first to fourth week: standard of care) and the experimental stage (fifth to eighth week: health education and counseling). In the control stage, participants only received standard nursing care. In the experimental stage, intervention measures (health education and counseling) were implemented. The baseline data were the pretest data collected in the control stage. Four weeks later, a posttest was performed, namely the pretest of the experimental stage. Subsequently, 4 weeks of health education and counseling were introduced to smokers according to different stages. After 4 weeks of intervention, participants were asked to fill out the posttest questionnaire again to measure the stages of change for smoking cessation, smoking decisional balance, and self-efficacy of smoking cessation.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: self-controlled design<br>The research period was divided into a control stage (first to fourth week: standard of care) and the experimental stage (fifth to eighth week: health education and counseling). | Behavioral: health education and counseling<br>* In the control stage, participants only received standard nursing care. In the experimental stage, intervention measures (health education and counseling) were implemented. The baseline data were the pretest data collected in the control stage. Four weeks later, a posttest was performed, namely the pretest of the experimental stage. Subsequently, 4 weeks of health education and counseling were introduced to smokers according to different stages. After 4 weeks of intervention, participants were asked to fill out the posttest questionnaire again to measure the stages of change for smoking cessation, smoking decisional balance, and self-efficacy of smoking cessation.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes of smoking decisional balance | The Chinese version of the smoking decisional balance scale is used to measure the changes of smoking decisional balance.This scale encompassed six items, consisting of the pro and con dimensions. | The changes of smoking decisional balance was measured at the first week, 4th week and the 8th week. | 
| Changes of self-efficacy of smoking cessation | The self-efficacy of smoking scale is used to measure the level of confidence to resist smoking. The scale comprised 14 items. | The changes of self-efficacy of smoking cessation was measured at the first week, 4th week and the 8th week. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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self-efficacy, counseling, health education, smoking cessation behavior