Is There a Difference in Pulmonary Functions and Craniovertebral Angle Among Adolescent Based on Smart Phone Usage

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The smartphones have become a necessity for most adolescents as they are used for communication and entertainment and education purposes especially in the period of COVID pandemic. They spend most of their time in using smartphones. This could have side effects on their health. While using a smartphone, adolescent usually flex their neck and maintain the head in a forward position for long periods of time, which may affect the craniovertebral angle and pulmonary functions as sustained forward neck posture may lead to respiratory dysfunction.The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of smart phones and tablets usage time on craniovertebral angle and problems of pulmonary functions among adolescents between 14-18 years' old.

Detailed Description
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A well-developed adolescents of both genders will participate in this study after signing institutionally approved consent form prior to data collection They will be recruited from many secondary schools in Cairo. Their ages range from 14 to 18 years. They will be subdivided into two groups according to Smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV) into an addict group who use smart phone not less than 4 hours/day for at least 4 years and non-addict group who used smart phone less than that. Design of the study: Cross sectional design will be applied in this study. Smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV) will be used to divide the subjects into two groups addict and non-addict groups (Image J) image processing and analysis in Java system will be used to measure the craniovertebral angle for both groups. Micromedical Gold standard fully computerized portable auto spirometer will be used to measure Pulmonary functions test in the form of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC)and FEV1/FVC for both groups. All data will be recorded and statistically analysis.

Official Title
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Is There a Difference in Pulmonary Functions and Craniovertebral Angle Among Adolescent Based on Their Smart Phone Usage Time? A Cross Sectional Study

Conditions
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Respiratory Function Tests

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Subjects of late childhood ( adolescence) Age of participants ranged from 14 to 18 years. Subjects with normal development. Exclusion Criteria: Athletic one. Genetic spinal deformity. Injury to the neck. History of inflammatory joint disease. History of surgical intervention at the neck. Patients with neuropediatric problem.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 14 Years
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pulmonary function tests | FVC & FEV1 both are measured in liters | Baseline | 
| Craniovertebral angle | measured in degree | Baseline | 
| Pulmonary function tests | FEV1/FVC measured in percentage ( % ) | Baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Pulmonary function, craniovertebral angle, smart phone usage