Investigating the Effect of Yoga-based Breathing Styles on the Human Brain, With a Focus on Memory

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if yoga-based breathing styles could improve memory performance in adult persons without relevant prior experience in yoga, meditation or similar disciplines and without existing health problems which could hinder the implementation of the breathing exercises. The main questions it aims to answer are: Can the memory performance get better ? Can the subjective stress level be reduced ? Participants will complete a memory test while doing a specific nasal and oral breathing. They will complete a two-week training period after the test with daily nasal or mouth breathing training or no training at all, depending on the group, the are divided into. Researchers will compare the effect of different breathing styles on memory ability among themselves.

Detailed Description
-----------------
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn about the effect of yoga-based breathing styles on the human brain regarding memory performance in adult persons without relevant prior experience in yoga, meditation or similar disciplines and without existing health problems which could hinder the performance of the breathing exercises. The main questions it aims to answer are: Is there an improve of memory performance through performing the controlled yoga-based breathing styles ? Is there a relevant reduction of the subjective stress level through performing the controlled yoga-based breathing styles Participants will complete a memory test while performing controlled nasal and oral breathing. They will complete a two-week training period after the test with daily nasal or mouth breathing training or no training at all, depending on the group assignment. Researchers will compare the nasal breathing group to the mouth breathing and the comparison group to see if the nasal breathing results in a significant improvement of the memory capacity.

Official Title
-----------------
Investigating the Effect of Yoga-based Breathing Styles on the Human Brain, With a Focus on Memory

Conditions
-----------------
Hypoventilation, Hyperventilation

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Nose-breathing training
* Other: Mouth-breathing training


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Willingness to take on the 2-week exercises but no new athletic or meditative activities Yoga-naive and without significant prior experience in various meditative or athletic disciplines that ostensibly involve elements of breath control Access to a device with internet access Signing of the consent form to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria: Known clinically relevant internal or neurological diseases, especially if associated with chronic pathological oxygenation (e.g. COPD, severe bronchial asthma, sleep apnea, but also CKD). History of drug or alcohol abuse Known psychiatric illnesses that currently require therapy (e.g., pronounced claustrophobia) Medication that could falsify the data collected Lack of consent to take note of possible incidental findings known epileptic seizures, which could be intensified by the visual insertion of the stimuli

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Nose-breathing group, Mouth-breathing group, Control group
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Nose-breathing<br>Controlled nose-breathing | Other: Nose-breathing training<br>* 13 days of controlled nose-breathing training at a specific frequency with a duration of approximately 15 min a day<br>|
| Active Comparator: Mouth-breathing<br>Controlled mouth-breathing | Other: Mouth-breathing training<br>* 13 days of controlled mouth-breathing training at a specific frequency with a duration of approximately 15 min a day<br>|
| No Intervention: Control group<br>no intervention | |

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Improvement of learned images | Memory improvement by performing the home nasal breathing training. The correctness of the mapping is measured by the percentage correctness of the given answers in the memory test, which takes place promptly after the learning phase and 2 weeks later. | 2 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Reduction of subjective stress level | The subjective stress level is determined by a subjective stress statement, before and after each learning and retrieval phase, at the first appointment and at the second after 2 weeks. | 2 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Mnemonic similarity task, Yoga-breathing, Memory enhancement