Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Targeting IMproved Effectiveness

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Severe infections can be caused by various organisms, such as bacteria or viruses, and lead to otherwise healthy people getting very unwell, sometimes needing treatment in hospital or even intensive care. For the treatment of bacterial infections to be successful, the correct antibiotics need to be given promptly. Early in the course of illness, clinicians often do not know exactly which bacteria are causing the infection. Furthermore, patients differ in terms of how their bodies process the antibiotics they are given; this means that some may get too much and others too little. This can in turn lead to some patients not being fully cured, and others coming to harm due to side effects of higher doses of these drugs. For certain types of antibiotics, clinicians are able to measure their levels in the bloodstream, which can help guide dosing. This is called therapeutic drug monitoring, and is commonly used in clinical practice. One of the problems with therapeutic drug monitoring is that it is often not available outside of regular working hours, is costly, and most importantly, provides clinicians with useful information only after a few days of treatment have already been completed. This may be too late to treat these severely ill patients with life-threatening infections, where early and appropriate treatments matter. The aim of our study, called TDM-TIME, is to look at how long it takes for blood samples to get from the patient to the laboratory to be measured, with the results then communicated back to clinicians. We are further looking to investigate whether steps can be taken to improve these timings, which would lead to shorter times until treatments can be improved. As our study is observational, we will not change anything about the treatment of our patients, but will only be measuring levels of antibiotics in their blood.

Official Title
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - Targeting Improved Effectiveness (TDM-TIME): An Observational Study of Turnaround Time for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antimicrobial Agents in Critically Ill Patients With Respiratory Sepsis

Conditions
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Pneumonia, Sepsis, Infection, Bacterial

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: No intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age > 18 years; Admitted to intensive care; Treated for presumed or confirmed lower respiratory tract infection; Receiving OR about to receive the first dose of intravenous antimicrobials (either meropenem of piperacillin/tazobactam); Valid informed consent OR enrolment through deferred consent appropriate. Exclusion Criteria: Severe anaemia (haemoglobin level < 70 g/L); Unlikely to survive 24 hours as judged by the treating physician; Study antimicrobial course started more than 24 hours ago.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Critically ill patients with presumed or confirmed lower respiratory tract infection<br>Non-interventional. Admitted to intensive care unit. Presumed or confirmed lower respiratory tract infection. Receiving either piperacillin/tazobactam or meropenem. Participants will have samples collected during an antimicrobial dose cycle. | Other: No intervention<br>* No intervention<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Availability of LC-MS/MS results within two dose intervals of antimicrobial (dichotomous) | Proportion of participants within timeframe for antimicrobial | 48 hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Time elapsed from peripheral blood collection to LC-MS/MS result availability | Mean time required for result availability | 48 hours | 
| Time elapsed from first dose of antimicrobial to LC-MS/MS result availability | Mean time required for result availability from first antimicrobial dose administration | 72 hours | 
| Duration of pre-analytical stage | Mean time required for pre-analytical stage | 24 hours | 
| Duration of analytical stage | Mean time required for analytical stage | 24 hours | 
| Duration of post-analytical stage | Mean time required for post-analytical stage | 24 hours | 
| Therapeutic target attainment (100% fT>4xMIC) | Proportion of patients attaining target (100% fT>4xMIC) | 72 hours | 
| 28-day mortality | Proportion of patients alive at 28 days from enrolment | 28 days | 
| ICU length of stay | Number of days from ICU admission to discharge | 28 days | 
| Hospital length of stay | Number of days from hospital admission to discharge | 28 days | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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drug monitoring, sepsis, antibacterial agents, respiratory tract infections, antimicrobial stewardship