Clinical, Prospective, Non-profit, Non-pharmacological Study on Geass Healing Abutment: Microbiological, Histological, and Immuno-histochemical Evaluation.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The health of peri-implant soft tissues is important for the long-term success rate of dental implants and the surface topography is pivotal in influencing it. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate, in human patients, the inflammatory mucosal microenvironment in the tissue surrounding a new, nanoscale, laser-treated healing abutment characterized by engineered nanopores versus a standard machined-surface. The prospective clinical study will evaluate the effect of the presence of a laser-etched surface in the coronal portion of healing stumps in forming the coronal seal and reducing the accumulation of bacterial plaque around it. The screws will serve as their own control group since they have both a laser-etched and a smooth portion. Primary objective: To evaluate the adhesion of fibroblastic cells from the peri-implant mucosa on the surface of the healing stump through scanning electron microscope analysis, expressed in terms of the area covered by the cells. Secondary objectives: To evaluate the amount of bacterial adhesion around healing stumps with a laser-etched and smooth altered surface through scanning electron microscope analysis, expressed in terms of the area covered by the cells. To evaluate the presence of hemidesmosomal structures through the expression of α-6 and β-4 integrins. To evaluate bacterial adhesion on healing screws. To evaluate the healing of peri-implant soft tissues through clinical indices, such as Plaque Index and Gingival Index. The healing period was 12 ± 4 weeks (T1) before the second surgical procedure, during which all healing abutments were placed. To prevent allocation bias among patients, each healing abutment was designed with two surfaces that alternated between laser-treated/machined and ma-chined/laser-treated. The experimental healing abutment was removed after 30 ± 7 days, which coincided with the soft tissue biopsy.

Official Title
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Clinical, Prospective, Non-profit, Non-pharmacological Study on Geass Healing Abutment: Microbiological, Histological, and Immuno-histochemical Evaluation.

Conditions
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Dental Implant Failed

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: laser treated


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients between 18 and 75 years Patients with no systemic and/or oral health disease At least six months of healing after tooth extraction Adequate dimension of the attached gingiva (>2 mm) or keratinized tissue at the site selected and adequate residual bone crest Exclusion Criteria: - Patients with poor oral hygiene Plaque score (PS) and bleeding on probing (BOP) more than 25% Patients with active periodontal disease Insufficient bone thickness for implant insertion and bone augmentation procedures patients who necessitate immediate implant loading protocols Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus Immune diseases Patients who smoke more than 10 cig/die

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: To prevent allocation bias among patients, each healing abutment was designed with two surfaces that alternated between laser-treated/machined and ma-chined/laser-treated. The experimental healing abutment was removed after 30 ± 7 days, which coincided with the soft tissue biopsy.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: laser/machined<br>on the same customized healing abutment laser-treated/machined surface treatments were repeated with the following order: Laser treated/machined/laser treated/machined. This order was performed to eliminate the bias of the different surface allocation on patients. | Procedure: laser treated<br>* The second surgical stage was done after a healing period 12 ± 4 weeks (T1) where all the healing abutments were placed. Each healing abutment had repeated the two surfaces as twice follows: laser-treated/machined/ laser-treated/machined. Experimental healing abutment was removed after 30 ± 7 days, the same time as the soft tissue biopsy. After the healing period (30 ± 7 days), before starting with the prosthetic restoration of the fixtures, an impression was taken of the small-diameter Has, and circular sections (diameter 5 mm) soft tissues around them were retrieved for analysis.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| soft tissue adhesion | To evaluate the adhesion of fibroblastic cells from the peri-implant mucosa on the surface of the healing stump through scanning electron microscope analysis, expressed in terms of the area covered by the cells. | After a healing period of 12 ± 4 weeks, during the second surgical phase | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| bacterial adhesion | To evaluate the amount of bacterial adhesion around healing stumps with a laser-etched and smooth altered surface through scanning electron microscope analysis, expressed in terms of the area covered by the cells. | After a healing period of 12 ± 4 weeks, during the second surgical phase |