The Effect of Peer Education Based on Assertiveness Skills on Dating Violence Attitudes and Internalized Misogyny

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study will be conducted to evaluate the effect of assertiveness training given through peer education on dating violence attitudes and internalized misogyny. In this study ; Nursing takes a role in helping individuals obtain and protect their rights as part of its advocacy role, investigates the obstacles to assertive behavior and solutions to develop assertive behavior as part of its researcher role, takes a role in educating individuals on assertiveness as part of its educational role, and finds solutions to individuals' problems as part of its consultancy role. It will play an active role in students' roles such as being able to produce, providing problem-solving skills with appropriate coping methods. This study aims to empower women by providing a positive change in the perception of dating violence attitudes and internalized misogyny through peer education based on assertiveness training. It is thought that with this study, the assertiveness behavior of female students studying at the university will be improved and a positive change will be achieved in the perception of dating violence attitudes and internalized misogyny. The population of the study is female students studying at the university, and female students studying in the midwifery department were selected due to the high density of female students. Female students of Tarsus University Midwifery Department were selected as the intervention group and female students of Mersin University were selected as the control group.

Detailed Description
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One of the most important problems caused by gender inequality is violence against women. Violence against women is the intimidation of women by using physical force or intimidation, and it covers a wide range of harmful behaviors directed at women and girls because of their gender. The inequality experienced by women regarding their participation in education, paid workforce and decision-making mechanisms negatively affects their access to economic and social resources. Any physical, verbal, psychological, sexual violence and maltreatment that occurs within a dating relationship is considered dating violence. Dating violence negatively affects the individual's quality of life by causing negative effects on a person's self-confidence and self-esteem. Adolescence is a period in which the individual develops an identity, is more questioning, reactive, sensitive, fragile and inexperienced towards life, society and norms compared to other developmental periods, and adopts the values of peer groups. Considering that dating relationships are generally established in adolescence and youth, lack of experience at a young age is one of the effective risk factors for this type of violence. Studies have shown that individuals who experience dating violence during the adolescence period, when vital values are newly formed, have no awareness of the violence experienced, or even if they have awareness, they cannot find a solution to this problem. Exposure to dating violence during adolescence chronicizes the violence, increasing the risk of being both a victim of violence and a perpetrator of violence in adulthood. Women, who have a more passive role due to their gender roles, are exposed to more dating violence than men. Women may even internalize the violence to which society exposes them and turn it into misogyny towards their fellow men.

Official Title
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The Effect of Peer Education Based on Assertiveness Skills on Dating Violence Attitudes and Internalized Misogyny

Conditions
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Dating Violence

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: The peer trainer will be subjected to assertiveness training based on dating violence and internalized misogyny by the researcher for 2 hours a day for 5 days.


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Participant must be over 18 years of age The participant is a woman The participant's ability to read, speak and write Turkish The participant must have had a dating relationship at least once in his or her life or is currently in a dating relationship. Exclusion Criteria: Students who agree to participate in the research but do not attend any sessions of the training, who do not want to fill out the required surveys at any stage of the research, or who want to withdraw from the research at any stage of the research will be excluded from the sample.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: In order to ensure similarity between groups; Stratified block randomization will be used to assign the women in the sample group to the experimental and control groups. According to the stratified block randomization method, imbalances that may arise in the experimental and control groups are limited. In this method, after stratification according to risk factors, block randomization is performed within each stratum (Akın & Koçoğlu, 2017; Kanık, Taşdelen & Erdoğan, 2011). 1st Layer: 1st grade students. 2nd Layer: 2nd grade students. 3rd Layer: 3rd Grade. grade students In order to determine which stratum group the woman who is found to meet the research criteria and agrees to participate in the study is in, blocks will be created with a combination of 8 and an assignment list will be determined through the website www.randomizer.org. Mersin and Tarsus University Midwifery departments were chosen due to the similarity of their core curricula and education in similar geography.
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Experimental Group<br>Participants will be informed that they must answer the surveys and forms completely and appropriately, as well as attend all training sessions and fulfill their session duties. At the end of the 3-week training program (interim measurement) and 4 weeks later (post-test), the Rathus Assertiveness Inventory, Internalized Misogyny Scale and Flirting Violence Attitude Scale will be converted into an online survey via Google Forms®, the link will be sent to the participants and they will be asked to fill it out. | Behavioral: The peer trainer will be subjected to assertiveness training based on dating violence and internalized misogyny by the researcher for 2 hours a day for 5 days.<br>* The peer trainer will be subjected to assertiveness training based on dating violence and internalized misogyny by the researcher for 2 hours a day for 5 days. The peer educator will create a Whatsapp group with the experimental group participants and a name for the group will be found by mutual decision. The peer educator will schedule a time and date with the group. Each session will last approximately 60 minutes and the total training duration will be planned to be 3 weeks. One week and one month after the training is completed, the participants will fill out the scales again.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control Group<br>The control group will not be subjected to any training. The Control Group will fill out the Introductory Information Form, Rathus Assertiveness Inventory, Internalized Misogyny Scale, Flirting Violence Scale and Cyber Flirting Violence Scale simultaneously with the experimental group at the beginning of the study. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The impact of Peer Education Based on Assertiveness Skills | The behavioral change attitude that occurs 1 week after the training will be measured according to the Passivity, Assertiveness and Aggression Scale, Internalized Misogyny Scale and Dating Violence Attitude Scale scores. Passivity, Assertiveness and Aggression Scale: Total score varies between 10 and 40. While low scores from the scale indicate high levels of passivity, assertiveness and aggression, high scores indicate low levels of passivity, assertiveness and aggression. Internalized Misogyny Scale: The total score that can be obtained from the scale varies between 17-119, and as the score increases, internalized misogyny also increases. Dating Violence Attitude Scale: The highest score that can be obtained from each item is 5 and the lowest score is 1. The average score of the scale approaching 5 indicates that individuals' attitudes towards dating violence are negative and they do not support dating violence behaviour. | Within 2 month | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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dating violence, İnternalized misogyny