Spot Reduction in Male Adults

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Spot reduction, referring to local body fat reduction, pertains to subcutaneous adipose tissue utilization from specific body parts during exercise. Its existence has been keenly debated, although generally accepted not to occur during exercise. However, it is based on not only equivocal data - commonly the training protocol typically applied is based on strength rather than endurance training. The investigators sought to test this assumption by utilizing endurance based exercise controlling for energy expenditure and using dual x-ray absorptiometric measures to assess body composition before and after training.

Official Title
-----------------
The Assessment of Spot Reduction in Adults Males Following Endurance Training

Conditions
-----------------
Healthy

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Abdominal aerobic endurance exercise
* Other: Control training intervention


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: males ≥ 30 years old classified as overweight (Body mass index ≥ 25 kg ∙ m-2) not participating in regular physical training Exclusion Criteria: < 30 years old Body mass index < 25 kg ∙ m-2 participating in regular physical training

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 30 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: abdominal aerobic endurance exercise<br>Subjects were combining treadmill running at 70% HRmax (27 minutes) with 4x4minutes (30-40% maximal strength, 1RM) of torso rotation and abdominal crunches (57 minutes), 4 d per wk for 10 weeks | Other: Abdominal aerobic endurance exercise<br>* Subjects combined treadmill running at 70% HRmax (27 minutes) with 4x4minutes (30-40% maximal strength, 1RM) of torso rotation and abdominal crunches (57 minutes), 4 days per wk for 10 weeks<br>|
| Active Comparator: Control group<br>Subjects performed only treadmill running (45 minutes) at 70% HRmax for 4 d per week for 10 weeks. | Other: Control training intervention<br>* Subjects performed treadmill running (45 minutes) at 70% HRmax 4 days per week for 10 weeks<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Trunk fat mass change | Fat mass located in trunk (g) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Lower extremity fat mass change | Fat mass located in lower extremities (g) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | 
| Upper extremity fat mass change | Fat mass located in upper extremities (g) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | 
| Total fat mass change | Total fat mass (g) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | 
| Body weight change |  | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | 
| Body mass index change |  | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | 
| Waist circumference (cm) change |  | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | 
| Hip circumference (cm) change |  | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
endurance exercise, subcutaneous tissue utilization