Kinesio Taping With and Without Diaphragmatic Breathing in Women After Cesarean Section

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Cesarean section is a major abdominal surgery and major challenge of it is to manage the pain and make the patient mobile .In spite of the advantageous effects of kinesio taping and diaphragmatic breathing, limited, data reported to study analgesic effects on pain management and mobility restoration in acute phase of cesarean section.. This study will aim to meet the dares which are associated with cesarean section by reducing the incisional pain associated with improvement in physical mobility as a non-pharmacological treatment.

Detailed Description
-----------------
In year 2022 conducted a study to evaluate the effects of kinesio taping with the breathing exercises on the management of pain after c section .Their title of study was The effects of Kinesio taping and breathing exercises on pain management after gynaecological abdominal surgery: A randomized controlled study. This study was conducted among 132 participants between June 2017 and 18.kinesio taping was applied immediately after the surgery and on the post op day 1, 2, 3 breathing exercises were performed for 30 mins three times a day. Their study concluded that kinesio taping is a reliable method to cover up the acute pain in the gynaecological abdominal surgery. In the year 2022 a study was conducted with the title The effects of kinesio tape on low back pain and disability in pregnant women to scrutinize the effects of kinesio taping on low back pain and disability in pregnant females. It was a single blind clinical trial including 80 pregnant females. Two randomly assigned groups were made of in which pain was assessed by VAS before and after application of kinesio taping on the day 1st,2nd,7th,and 14th. Disability was measured by Roland-Morris disability questionnaire before and after intervention on day 7th and 14th. Their result concludes that kinesio taping have lasting effects on low back pain disability and reduced disability was noticed .In the year 2020 another study was conducted to study the effects of KT on the pain, anxiety, menstrual cramps in the women with primary dysmenorrhea with the comparison with control and sham tape.51 women with the PD were categorized in the three groups KT, sham tape and control group. KT was applied at the sacral and supra pubic region with the ligament technique in KT group and applied on the trochanter major with no technique in the sham tape group. Pain, anxiety level, and menstrual complaints were examined before and after intervention. Their was positive response of the study responding to the decrease in anxiety level menstrual cramps and pain. To the best of researchers knowledge, there is not enough literature present which can justify the efficacy of these interventions in a justified manner. Data is not sufficient that supports combined efficacy of these two interventions after cesarean section regarding pain management and mobility.

Official Title
-----------------
Effects of Kinesio Taping With and Without Diaphragmatic Breathing on Incisional Pain and Mobility in Women After Cesarean Section

Conditions
-----------------
Cesarean Section Complications

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: kinesio taping with diaphragmatic breathing
* Other: kinesio taping without diaphragmatic breathing


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Primiparous patients Participants having no serious medical illness Exclusion Criteria: Multi gravida patients Any serious morbidity Patient gone through any other abdominal surgery except of cesarean section Patients with the infectious wound

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 25 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: kinesio taping with diaphragmatic breathing<br>kinesio taping application with diaphragmatic breathing | Other: kinesio taping with diaphragmatic breathing<br>* .kinesio tape was applied on1st day of intervention with the 20 minutes session of diaphragmatic breathing 3 sessions were given<br>|
| Active Comparator: kinesio taping without diaphragmatic breathing<br>kinesio taping application without diaphragmatic breathing | Other: kinesio taping without diaphragmatic breathing<br>* kinesio tape was applied day 1st of intervention. 3 sessions were given<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Visual analogue scale | Changes from baseline A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is one of the pain rating scales used for the first time in 1921 by Hayes and Patterson. It is often used in epidemiologic and clinical research to measure the intensity or frequency of various symptoms. For example, the amount of pain that a patient feels ranges across a continuum from none to an extreme amount of pain. The VAS consists of a 10cm line, with two end points representing 0 ('no pain') and 10 ('pain as bad as it could possibly be'). Ask the patient to rate their current level of pain by placing a mark on the line. | 4th week | 
| bedside mobility assessment tool (BMAT) | Changes from baseline BMAT is a tool designed for nurses to assess patient mobility in acute care. The BMAT allows nurses (and other healthcare workers) to determine the appropriate patient handling and mobility equipment or device to safely move or mobilize the patient. It consists of four steps, first is sit and shake, second is stretch and point ,third is stand and fourth is step. Mobility level 1,2,3and 4 is given to patients according to their level of mobility. | 4th week | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Ache, Breathing Exercises