Paraffin Wax Bath With Joint Mobilization Technique in Post-traumatic Stiff Knee

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This project will be a Randomized clinical trial conducted to check the effect of paraffin wax bath with joint mobilization technique in rehabilitation of post-traumatic stiff knee joint. Study duration will be of 8 months, convenient sampling was done, subject following eligibility criteria from Jinnah Hospital Lahore, will be randomly allocated in two groups, baseline assessment was done, Group A participants were given baseline treatment along with paraffin wax bath therapy and Maitland knee joint mobilization, Group B participants will be given baseline treatment along with Maitland knee joint mobilization. Assessments will done in 4th week and 8th week via, Numeric pain rating scale, goniometer, western Ontario and McMaster universities osteoarthritis index,4 sessions per week will given, data will analyzed by using SPSS version 25.

Detailed Description
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Knee stiffness is common problem post traumatically due to process of inhibition often occurs in the early post-injury phase. This leads to the initiation of muscle atrophy within hours of the cessation of normal voluntary muscle activation further; this can result in an increase in the viscosity of synovial fluid within the joint, which provides more resistance to motion. Maitland mobilization aims to reestablish the spinning, gliding and rolling motions of the two joints. Although paraffin bath therapy has various effects such as analgesia, reducing chronic inflammation, and increasing connective tissue elasticity, it is non-invasive and has few side effects. Paraffin wax therapy, combined with exercises and the use of splints, has also been found helpful in restoring the range of movement. The current study is to explore the effect of parrafin wax bath therapy in rehabilitation of posttrumatic stiff knee range of motion, pain and functional status, and emphasize the importance of parrafin wax bath therapy adjunct with mobilization technique in treatment of knee stiffness

Official Title
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Effects of Paraffin Wax Bath With Joint Mobilization Technique in Rehabilitation of Post-traumatic Stiff Knee

Conditions
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Knee Pain Chronic

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Paraffin wax bath therapy and Maitland joint mobilization techniques
* Other: Maitland knee joint mobilization


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age 22-40 yrs. Both Male and female Fracture of unilateral knee joint. Subject with 3-6 month after injury Subjects with post traumatic stiffness of knee joint having a minimum of 70º knee flexion Exclusion Criteria: Recent injuries on knee or on adjacent areas. Neurological problems Subject having polyarthritis, bleeding disorders, tumors, local infection, peripheral vascular disease, leg-length discrepancy of more than one-half inch Any non-traumatic cause of fractures Non traumatic cause of knee stiffness Malignancy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 22 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Group A<br>Paraffin wax bath therapy and Maitland joint mobilization techniques | Other: Paraffin wax bath therapy and Maitland joint mobilization techniques<br>* In group A Patients will be treated with paraffin wax bath 20 minutes (before any physical therapy treatment) (Apply a few drops of olive oil into the skin of the area. Dip/pour knee joint area into the wax and leave it in for a few seconds until a layer forms over the area. Wait for the wax to dry. Repeat this process until you have at least 10 layers of wax area to be treated.) Joint mobilization technique (8-12 glides at knee joint, mobilization grade-I and grade-II will be used for pain management and relaxation, while grade III for improvement in the PROM at knee joint) will be given 4 times a week for 6 weeks (The patient will be positioned in supine lying with the knee slightly flexed and a prop placed under the distal femur. The stabilizing hand will be used to prop the distal femur and the mobilizing hand is placed over the proximal tibia just below the tibial tuberosity. The mobilization itself will be performed by a force perpendicular to the line of the tibia.)<br>|
| Active Comparator: Group B<br>Maitland knee joint mobilization | Other: Maitland knee joint mobilization<br>* Group B will have (8-12 glides at knee joint, mobilization grade-I and grade-II will be used for pain management and relaxation, while grade III for improvement in the PROM at knee joint) 4 times a week for 6 weeks. Mobilization procedure will be same as above<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| NPRS | Changes from base Line Numeric Pain rating scale is a scale for pain starting from 0-10. where 0 indicate no pain and 10 indicate severe pain | 3rd day | 
| WOMAC | Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) is widely used in the evaluation of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis. It is a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 24 items divided into 3 subscales Pain (5 items): during walking, using stairs, in bed, sitting or lying, and standing upright, Stiffness (2 items): after first waking and later in the day, Physical Function (17 items): using stairs, rising from sitting, standing, bending, walking, getting in / out of a car, shopping, putting on / taking off socks, rising from bed, lying in bed, getting in / out of bath, sitting, getting on / off toilet, heavy domestic duties, light domestic duties. | 3rd day | 
| Goniometer | A goniometer is an instrument which measures the available range of motion at a joint. | 3rd day | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Post-traumatic stiff knee, Range of motion, Pain, Mobilization