Sevoflurane General Anesthetic and Spatial Memory in Humans

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The goal of this observational study is to learn about the effect of general anesthetic on spatial memory in adults who will undergo to an elective surgery. The main question it aims to answer is: • A surgical event under general anesthesia with sevoflurane transiently impairs spatial memory in humans and induces an increase in inflammatory cytokines. Participants will perform a virtual maze test and plasma samples will be taken before and after surgery.

Detailed Description
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Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occurs after a surgical event under general anesthesia and is characterized by a decline in one or more cognitive functions. POCD is defined as delayed neurocognitive recovery if it takes place within the first 30 days, if it exceeds that time it is known as postoperative neurocognitive disorder. The pathogenesis of this dysfunction is not entirely clear. However, the most accepted hypothesis would be neuroinflammatory, which would take place due to the contribution of inflammatory factors typical of surgical trauma under general anesthesia, with anesthetics such as sevoflurane. Consequently, one of the areas most susceptible to this inflammatory environment would be the hippocampus, a structure responsible for learning and memory. Spatial memory is responsible for encoding and retrieving information about the environment and spatial orientation. To confirm this hypothesis, an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia with sevoflurane, plasma measurement of cytokines interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and virtual navigation tests will be performed before and after an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia with sevoflurane, in order to establish a correlation between the inflammatory component and performance in the virtual navigation test. The above will allow us to elucidate the possible occurrence of a delayed neurocognitive recovery related to spatial memory in middle-aged individuals, providing new background related to an age group that has been little studied, with a non-minor incidence (30%), where the evident concern arises for being a population exposed to activities or environments of greater risk, linked to work, sport, driving, among others. This finding will guide the doctor and the patient to decide or take the necessary safeguards when proceeding with a surgical intervention in the middle-aged population.

Official Title
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Study of the Effect of Sevoflurane General Anesthetic on Spatial Memory in Humans

Conditions
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Spatial Memory Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Surgery/general anesthesia


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Candidate for elective laparoscopic surgery of cholecystectomy. Age 30 to 50 years. Exclusion Criteria: Visual or hearing difficulties. Malignant hyperthermia. Being treated with centrally acting drugs, such as anxiolytics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, anticholinergics, and first-generation antihistamines. Present a disorder of the sphere of neuropsychiatry Substance abuse disorder.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 30 Years
Maximum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Adults 30-50 years<br> | Procedure: Surgery/general anesthesia<br>* Adult patients between the ages of 30 and 50 who are to undergo elective surgery under general anesthesia will have their spatial memory tested and interleukin 1beta and alpha tumor necrosis measured before and after surgery.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Virtual spatial memory | Time to reach the goal | 7th day after surgery | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Interleukin-1beta | Interleukin-1beta plasma concentration | 1st day after surgery | 
| Interleukin-1beta | Interleukin-1beta plasma concentration | 7th day after surgery | 
| Interleukin-1beta | Interleukin-1beta plasma concentration | 30th day after surgery | 
| Tumor necrosis factor alpha | Tumor necrosis factor alpha plasma concentration | 1st day after surgery | 
| Tumor necrosis factor alpha | Tumor necrosis factor alpha plasma concentration | 7th day after surgery | 
| Tumor necrosis factor alpha | Tumor necrosis factor alpha plasma concentration | 30th day after surgery | 
| Virtual spatial memory | Time to reach the goal | 1st day after surgery | 
| Virtual spatial memory | Time to reach the goal | 30th day after surgery |