Low Dose Dexamethasone to Local Anesthetic in Caudal Analgesia on Healing Process After Orthopaedic Surgery

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Addition of dexamethasone to local anesthetics infiltration has been proven to augment postoperative analgesia, prolongs anesthesia time and sometimes reduces the needed dose of local anesthetics and consequently, decreases their side effects and enhances early ambulation and hospital discharge (mainly due to decreased need for opioid use

Detailed Description
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Long-term corticosteroids prescribing was associated with many adverse effects, as increased skin pigmentation, lowering immunity (catching opportunistic infections like herpes zoster, candida and cutaneous abscesses or even flaring localized infections), resistant hyperglycemia, renal impairment, hypertension, impaired healing, thinning skin that bruises easily, adrenal gland suppression, facial erythema, stria, acne, mild hirsutism, blurring vision, muscle weakness, glaucoma, cataract, thinning of hair, osteoporosis, and psychiatric disturbances (including mood fluctuations, depression or manic disorders). Localized infection at site of injection is a known logical absolute contraindication for any injection including corticosteroids due to fearing of flaring of infection. Also, there is no single published article discussing an infection due to corticosteroids injection as an adjuvant to local anesthetics as it is always explained by inadequate aseptic technique performance. In this study we will search if there is a role for corticosteroids in delaying healing process after orthopedic surgery. And compare the incidence of postoperative infection after surgery.

Official Title
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Effect of Addition of Single Low Dose Dexamethasone to Local Anesthetic in Caudal Analgesia on Healing Process After Pediatric and Adolescent Orthopaedic Surgery

Conditions
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Anesthesia

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Intrathecal dexamethason


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age: 1month up to 18 years old 2. Orthopaedic surgeries with average time up to one hour 3. Traumatic and orthopaedic indications for surgery Exclusion Criteria: 1- Open fractures 2. Infected surgery 3. Hypersensitivity to dexamethasone 4. Bad nutritional conditions as Marasmus, Cerebral palsy and Kwashiorkor

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 1 Month
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: General anesthesia<br> | |
| Active Comparator: Dexamethason<br> | Procedure: Intrathecal dexamethason<br>* After general anesthesia intrathecal dexamthasone will be added<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Visual analogue scale | Visual analogue scale (VAS) for assessment of children's pain perception | 30 minutes after recovery |