Profile of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Patients Related to Treatment Adherence and Virtual Reality

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Lack of adherence is one of the main problems of chronic musculoskeletal pain treatment. To improve adherence it is essential to take into account the characteristics of the patients and their thoughts and beliefs about pain. Virtual reality can present some advantages in the face of these problems too. The objective of this study is to evaluate the profile of chronic musculoskeletal pain patients, the barriers associated with lack of adherence to treatment, and the interest of virtual reality in rehabilitation.

Detailed Description
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Background: Lack of adherence is one of the main problems of chronic musculoskeletal pain treatment. To improve adherence it is essential to take into account the characteristics of the patients and their thoughts and beliefs about pain. Virtual reality can present some advantages in the face of these problems too. Objectives: Evaluate the profile of chronic musculoskeletal pain patients, the barriers associated with lack of adherence to treatment, and the interest of virtual reality in rehabilitation. Methodology: Observational study. The profile of chronic musculoskeletal pain patients will be described. Patients will be recruited using the snowball method. The evaluation will be carried out via telematics through the use of videoconference and surveys. We will evaluate chronic pain and characteristics, kinesiophobia, functionality, quality of life, psychosocial aspects and other related outcomes. We will identify barriers associated to treatment adherence and we will evaluate patients' perception of rehabilitation with virtual reality.

Official Title
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Profile of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Patients Related to Treatment Adherence and Virtual Reality

Conditions
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Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Observational study


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Chronic musculoskeletal pain (≥ 3 months) Adults (≥ 18 years) Have a computer or mobile device/Basic knowledge and access to the internet Wish to participate in the study and sign the informed consent Exclusion Criteria: All those participants who present any physical pathology or of any kind that imply an inability to understand the necessary instructions to carry out the study will be excluded.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 100 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Chronic musculoskeletal pain patients<br>Chronic musculoskeletal pain patients | Other: Observational study<br>* N/A - observational study<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pain Intensity | To assess pain intensity using the verbal numeric pain scale. Scores range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable). Higher scores indicate greater intensity. | Baseline | 
| Pain Intensity and chronic pain interference | To assess pain intensity and chronic pain interference using the graded chronic pain scale. Scores range from 0 (no pain/no interference) to 10 (worst pain imaginable/unable to carry on any activities). Higher scores indicate greater intensity or interference. | Baseline | 
| Pain Severity | To assess pain severity using the brief pain inventory. Scores range from 0 (no pain/does not interfere) to 10 (worst pain imaginable/completely interferes). Higher scores indicate greater severity. | Baseline | 
| Awareness, Consciousness, Vigilance and Observation of pain | To assess awareness, consciousness, vigilance and observation of pain using the pain vigilance and awareness questionnaire. Scores range from 0 (never) to 5 (always). The total questionnaire scores range between 0 and 80. Higher scores indicate greater awareness, consciousness, vigilance and observation of pain. | Baseline | 
| Chronic Pain Acceptance | To assess chronic pain acceptance using the chronic pain acceptance questionnaire. Scores range from 0 (never true) to 6 (it is always true). Higher scores indicate greater acceptance. | Baseline | 
| Neurophysiology of Pain | To assess neurophysiology of pain using the neurophysiology of pain questionnaire. Scores range from 0 to 13 (sum of all correct items). | Baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Kinesiophobia | To assess kinesiophobia using the TAMPA scale of kinesiophobia. Scores range from 1 (totally disagree) to 4 (totally agree). The final score can range between 11 and 44 points, with higher scores indicating greater perceived kinesiophobia. | Baseline | 
| Catastrophizing of pain | To assess catastrophizing of pain using the pain catastrophizing scale. Scores range from 0 (nothing at all) to 4 (all the time). The final score range between 0 and 52 points, with higher scores indicating greater levels of catastrophism. | Baseline | 
| Functionality | To assess functionality using the functional independence measure. Scores range from 1 (total assistance) to 7 (complete independence). The final score range between 18 and 126 points, with higher scores indicating greater independence. | Baseline | 
| Disability | To assess disability using the world health organisation disability assessment. . Scores range from 1 (none) to 5 (extreme). The final score range between 12 and 60 points, with higher scores indicating worst disability. | Baseline | 
| Level of movement related to space | To assess level of movement related to space using the life space questionnaire. Scoring is based on yes (1 point) or no (2 points) answers. The more answers that do no exist in the questionnaire, the lower their level of movement in the space will be. | Baseline | 
| Health-related Quality of Life | To assess health-related quality of life using the euroqol-5d. Total score range from 1 (best health status) to 0 (death). The second part of the euroqol-5d is visual analogue scale that goes from 0 (worst state of health imaginable) to 100 (best state of health imaginable). | Baseline | 
| Sleep Quality | To assess sleep quality using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. The overall score ranges from 0 to 21 points. 0 indicates ease of sleeping and 21 severe difficulty in all areas. | Baseline | 
| Depression and anxiety | To assess depression and anxiety using the hospital anxiety and depression scale. The total score ranges from 0 to 21 on each subscale, where a higher score is indicative of more severe symptoms. | Baseline | 
| Physical activity | To assess physical activity using the international physical activity questionnaire. This measure assesses the types of intensity of physical activity and sitting time that people do as part of their daily lives are considered to estimate total physical activity in Metabolic Equivalent (MET)-min/week and time spent sitting. | Baseline | 
| Work performance | To assess work performance using the work role functioning questionnaire. Total score range from 0% (difficulty all the time) to 100 % (no difficulty at any time). | Baseline | 
| Social support | To assess social support using the medical outcomes study social support survey | Baseline | 
| Treatment information and barriers associated to treatment adherence | To assess information about treatment and barriers associated to treatment adherence using Likert-type questions range from 1 (totally disagree) to 5 (totally agree). | Baseline | 
| Barriers associated to doing exercise therapy | To assess barriers associated to doing exercise therapy using the exercise therapy burden questionnaire. Scores range from 0 (totally disagree) to 10 (totally agree). | Baseline | 
| Patients' perception to virtual reality rehabilitation | To assess patients' perception to virtual reality rehabilitation using Likert-type questions and yes or no questions | Baseline |