The Acute Effects of Combined Caffeine and Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption on Isometric Mid-thigh Pull

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of isolated and combined caffeine and sodium bicarbonate consumption on acute isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) strength, and verify whether they are cumulative, neutral or subtractive.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Method: Nineteen Sport Sciences Faculty students (Age 23.6±1.6 years, height 171±9.4 cm, weight 64.3±9.6 kg, fat percentage 20.5±7.3 %, BMI 21.7±2.4 kg/m2) participated and completed the intervention. This study was designed as crossover, double-blind and placebo-controlled. Subjects participated under 5 crossover conditions: control (without supplement) (Con), placebo (Pla), caffeine (Caf), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and caffeine+sodium bicarbonate (Caf+NaHCO3). For Caf conditions, participants consumed 6 mg/kg of caffeine, obtained from dosing the content of 200 mg capsules. As for NaHCO3 conditions, participants consumed 0.3 g/kg of sodium bicarbonate dissolved in water. For the combined condition, (Caf+NaHCO3), intake was set at 6 mg of caffeine and 0.3 g of sodium bicarbonate per kilogram of body weight. All supplements were consumed 60 min before the tests. Two submaximal trials of IMTP were performed at increasing intensities for 5 seconds (approximately %40-60 and %60-80 of their individually perceived 1RM, respectively, with 60-second rest intervals).

Official Title
-----------------
The Acute Effects of Pre-Exercise Isolated and Combined Caffeine and Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption on Isometric Mid-thigh Pull Performance: A Placebo-Controlled Study

Conditions
-----------------
Athletes

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Performance-Enhancing Substances
* Other: Placebo
* Other: Baseline (Control)


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Being physically active and healthy Did not use ergogenic supplements in the last 3 months Did not consume high doses of caffeine (≤120-170 mg/d) were included in this study Exclusion Criteria: Actively using supplements Did not perform maximal effort during performance tests Not using the supplements in the correct dose or vomiting after use

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 24 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: subjects participated under 5 crossover conditions: control (without supplement) (Con), placebo (maltodextrin) (Pla), caffeine (Caf), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and caffeine+sodium bicarbonate (Caf+NaHCO3). The control measurement was made as a baseline measurement without supplementation.
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Baseline<br>The control measurement was made as a baseline measurement without supplementation | Other: Baseline (Control)<br>* No supplement conditions<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo<br>During Placebo conditions, participants consumed 20gr of maltodextrin (European origin, Alfasol®, Kimbiotek, Turkey). | Other: Placebo<br>* 20gr of maltodextrin (European origin, Alfasol®, Kimbiotek, Turkey)<br>|
| Experimental: Caffeine<br>For Caffeine conditions, participants consumed 6 mg/kg of caffeine, obtained from dosing the content of 200 mg capsules (Nature's Supreme® Caffeine) | Other: Performance-Enhancing Substances<br>* All supplements were consumed 60 min before the isometric mid-thigh pull tests, to reach peak blood concentrations at evaluation time. Immediately after consumption, both Control and intervention participants rested in a quiet laboratory environment (Eskişehir Technical University, Laboratory of Human Athletic Performance), until the strength tests. Participants were previously informed verbally and in writing that they should abstain from caffeine consumption (any caffeine-containing beverages and foods, such as coffee or tea, energy drinks, cocoa and cocoa-containing foods, chocolate and chocolate-containing foods or caffeine-containing drugs) for at least 24 hours before<br>|
| Experimental: NaHCO3<br>As for NaHCO3 conditions, participants consumed 0.3 g/kg of sodium bicarbonate (Alfasol®, Kimbiotek, Turkey) dissolved in water | Other: Performance-Enhancing Substances<br>* All supplements were consumed 60 min before the isometric mid-thigh pull tests, to reach peak blood concentrations at evaluation time. Immediately after consumption, both Control and intervention participants rested in a quiet laboratory environment (Eskişehir Technical University, Laboratory of Human Athletic Performance), until the strength tests. Participants were previously informed verbally and in writing that they should abstain from caffeine consumption (any caffeine-containing beverages and foods, such as coffee or tea, energy drinks, cocoa and cocoa-containing foods, chocolate and chocolate-containing foods or caffeine-containing drugs) for at least 24 hours before<br>|
| Experimental: Combined<br>For the combined condition, (Caf+NaHCO3), 6 mg/kg of caffeine and 0.3 g/kg of sodium bicarbonate per kilogram of body weight of participants were consumed, after being dissolved together in water | Other: Performance-Enhancing Substances<br>* All supplements were consumed 60 min before the isometric mid-thigh pull tests, to reach peak blood concentrations at evaluation time. Immediately after consumption, both Control and intervention participants rested in a quiet laboratory environment (Eskişehir Technical University, Laboratory of Human Athletic Performance), until the strength tests. Participants were previously informed verbally and in writing that they should abstain from caffeine consumption (any caffeine-containing beverages and foods, such as coffee or tea, energy drinks, cocoa and cocoa-containing foods, chocolate and chocolate-containing foods or caffeine-containing drugs) for at least 24 hours before<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull (IMTP) | to investigate the effects of isolated and combined caffeine and sodium bicarbonate consumption on acute isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) strength, and verify whether they are cumulative, neutral or subtractive | immediately after the intervention | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Caffeine, Sodium Bicarbonate, Isometric Contraction, Performance-Enhancing Substances