Validity and Reliability of the Upper Extremity Star Balance Test in Amateur League American Football Players

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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American football is a team activity that calls for many difficult qualities, including speed, endurance, speed, strength, and quickness. It is getting more and more popular among professional and amateur players, particularly in our nation.

Detailed Description
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Balance is defined as maintaining posture and postural continuity throughout a movement, despite a changing environment or condition while the body is in motion. However, the upper extremity star balancing test offers information on only three access elements and the possible dangers may not be thoroughly assessed. As a more thorough upper extremity dynamic balance test, the upper extremity star balance test can provide data in eight directions of physicians and physiotherapists and coaches.

Official Title
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Validity and Reliability of the Upper Extremity Star Balance Test in Amateur League American Football Players

Conditions
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Athletic Injuries

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Male individuals between the ages of 18-25 Being an American football player Regular attendance at training sessions Exclusion Criteria: Known neurological disorder Serious orthopedic disorders that prevent exercise cognitive impairment

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 25 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Amateur American Football Team<br> | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Star Excursion Balance Test | Eight directions including anterior, superomedial, medial, inferomedial, posterior, inferolateral, lateral, and superolateral were marked on floor by tapes with scale and the angle between each strip of tape were 45°. The minimum unit of the UESEBT was 0.5 cm. Distances for analysis were normalized by dividing the right upper limb length of every participant, and then multiplying by 100. | one day | 
| Sitting Medicine Ball Throwing | Throwing Medicine Ball: Individuals will be asked to take a position in front of a wall, with their feet shoulder-width apart, to grasp the medicine ball with both hands. A medicine ball weighing two kg will be used in this test. Individuals will be asked to bring the medicine ball to the head level and throw it forward. The thrown distance is recorded. | one day | 
| Push Up Test. | The push-up test was performed with the participant pushing their arms off the floor until their elbows were straight while keeping their legs and back straight. This movement was repeated as many times as possible, ending when the subject stopped or the participant did not perform the push-ups properly or held the correct position several times. | one day | 
| Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (TEST) | Individuals were positioned in the push-up position, with their bodies aligned in a straight line when viewed from the side, with a distance of 90 cm between their hands. The athletes were asked to touch the dorsum of the dominant hand and the other hand within 15 seconds, and the total number of repetitions was recorded. | one day | 
| Upper extremity Y Test | Upper extremity lengths are determined by measuring the distance between the C7 cervical vertebra processus spinosus and the middle fingertip of the athletes. In this position, the athletes are positioned perpendicular to the middle extension of the Y balance kit (the arm that makes an angle of 135° with the other ends). Afterwards, the athlete is asked to push the platform apparatus along the superior and inferior arms, which are lateral to the lateral side of his fixed hand, and take it to the last point it can take. Y balance scores were found using the reach distance and limb length in each direction. | one day | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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balance