Compressive Cryotherapy Versus Conventional Cryotherapy After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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In the postoperative period of a total knee arthroplasty, subjects present limitations of articular amplitudes, swelling, pain and functional limitations. Functional rehabilitation is unanimously recommended, including the use of cryotherapy. However, there is no consensus regarding the methods of application of cryotherapy. Thus the objective of the study is to compare 2 cryotherapy techniques associated with a classic rehabilitation on the improvement of mobility, swelling, pain and functional parameters. The 2 cryotherapies were a compressive cryotherapy and a so-called classic cryotherapy by cold pack.

Official Title
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Influence of Compressive Cryotherapy Compared to Conventional Cryotherapy on Articular, Trophic and Functional Recovery After Total Knee Arthroplasty: a Randomized Controlled Study

Conditions
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Knee Arthropathy, Cryotherapy Effect

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: cryotherapy


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Volunteers First-line Total Knee Arthroplasty on an indication of knee osteoarthritis diagnosed by radio-clinical examination Between D3 and D10 postoperatively Age < 90 years. Exclusion Criteria: Intolerance to cryotherapy or compression, Occurrence of complications secondary to surgery, Withdrawal of consent, Non-compliance with the rehabilitation protocol (content and dosage of sessions).

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 50 Years
Maximum Age: 90 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Experimental Group<br>This group received classic rehabilitation* + compressive cryotherapy * classic rehabilitation include passive and active of mobilization of knee and patella, treat arthrogenic muscular inhibition, learn to lock the quadriceps, progressive muscular strengthening of the periarticular muscles of the knee, stretching of the quadriceps and the posterior muscular chain, proprioceptive exercises with bi- and unipodal balance, transfer of support and resumption of the walking pattern. | Other: cryotherapy<br>* cryotherapy was added to rehabilitation*. One group received compressive cryotherapy and the other conventional cold pack cryotherapy. * rehabilitation includes (=classic rehabilitation) passive and active of mobilization of knee and patella, treat arthrogenic muscular inhibition, learn to lock the quadriceps, progressive muscular strengthening of the periarticular muscles of the knee, stretching of the quadriceps and the posterior muscular chain, proprioceptive exercises with bi- and unipodal balance, transfer of support and resumption of the walking pattern.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Control Group<br>This group received classic rehabilitation* + classic cryotherapy *classic rehabilitation include passive and active of mobilization of knee and patella, treat arthrogenic muscular inhibition, learn to lock the quadriceps, progressive muscular strengthening of the periarticular muscles of the knee, stretching of the quadriceps and the posterior muscular chain, proprioceptive exercises with bi- and unipodal balance, transfer of support and resumption of the walking pattern. | Other: cryotherapy<br>* cryotherapy was added to rehabilitation*. One group received compressive cryotherapy and the other conventional cold pack cryotherapy. * rehabilitation includes (=classic rehabilitation) passive and active of mobilization of knee and patella, treat arthrogenic muscular inhibition, learn to lock the quadriceps, progressive muscular strengthening of the periarticular muscles of the knee, stretching of the quadriceps and the posterior muscular chain, proprioceptive exercises with bi- and unipodal balance, transfer of support and resumption of the walking pattern.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| knee range of motion | Measurement of passive flexion and active extension with a goniometer | Day 1-Day 8-Day 15-Day 21 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Knee perimetry | A perimetry measurement with a tape measure was carried out | Day 1-Day 8-Day 15-Day 21 | 
| Swelling | Swelling has been measured with the fluctuation test: the examiner placed his thumb and fingers on either side of the lower part of the patella, while with his other hand, he positioned himself at the level of the upper part of the sub quadriceps fornix. The fingers of the cranial hand exerted light pressure to mobilize the fluid from the quadriceps fornix. The test was positive if the fingers or thumb were pushed back by the effusion. | Day 1-Day 8-Day 15-Day 21 | 
| Pain at rest and on exertion | Pain assessment was based on the use of the Verbal Numerical Scale (NVS). The examiner asked the subject to quantify their pain on a scale ranging from 0 to 10 (0 corresponding to no pain and 10 to unbearable pain). Pain assessment was carried out at rest and during exercise during the rehabilitation sessions. | Day 1-Day 8-Day 15-Day 21 | 
| 6min walking test | The instructions were to cover the greatest distance possible for 6 minutes | Day 1-Day 8-Day 15-Day 21 | 
| KOOS score (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) | Only the 17 items of the questionnaire dealing with quality of life were considered in this study. Subjects had to complete the questions | Day 1-Day 8-Day 15-Day 21 |