Arm Swing During Walking in Early Multiple Sclerosis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease which causes motor and sensory deficits, cerebellar symptoms, and balance problems. Due to these symptoms, gait abnormalities are common in MS, even in patients with low degrees of impairment. The upper limb has an important role on postural control and gait stability. Affected arm swing movement and asymmetry during gait are common in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) even in early stages of the disease and arm swing treatment has been acknowledged to enhance gait and normalize arm swing in individuals with PD. The presence of arm swing changes during walking in MS patients, similar to PD, especially in the early period, may be an indicator of balance problems, this was, however, not investigated as such. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to assess the arm swing during gait in people with MS shortly after their diagnosis in early MS.

Official Title
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Arm Swing During Walking in Early Multiple Sclerosis

Conditions
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Multiple Sclerosis, Upper Extremity Problem, Gait Disorders, Neurologic

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Evaluation of the arm swing during gait
* Other: Functional Tests


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients who were diagnosed with MS in the last 30 days, Patients who were recovered from their symptoms and were clinically stable Exclusion Criteria: Patients who had an acute medical illness in the past 6 months, any other neurological and psychiatric diseases Patients who had any orthopedic, rheumatologic, or vestibular conditions that affect walking Patients who had exacerbations between the first and second evaluations

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Early Multiple Sclerosis<br>Arm swing evaluation and functional tests will be tested in this group. | Other: Evaluation of the arm swing during gait<br>* Evaluation of the arm swing during gait: The difference between the maximum flexion and extension of the shoulder is the arm swing amplitude during walking. The arm swing amplitude will be evaluated 2-dimensionally with the help of the Kinovea video player.<br>* Other names: Arm swing during walking;Other: Functional Tests<br>* To understand the changes in functional mobility, Two Minute Walk Test (2MWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Timed 25Foot Walk Test (T25FW) were conducted.<br>* Other names: Two Minute Walk Test (2MWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Timed 25Foot Walk Test (T25FW);|
| Healthy Controls<br>Arm swing evaluation will be tested in this group. | Other: Evaluation of the arm swing during gait<br>* Evaluation of the arm swing during gait: The difference between the maximum flexion and extension of the shoulder is the arm swing amplitude during walking. The arm swing amplitude will be evaluated 2-dimensionally with the help of the Kinovea video player.<br>* Other names: Arm swing during walking;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Arm swing amplitude-shoulder degrees in flexion-extension direction | The difference between the maximum flexion and extension of the shoulder will be calculated with Kinovea video player. | 3 months after the baseline | 
| Arm swing amplitude-elbow degrees in flexion-extension direction | The difference between the maximum flexion and extension of the shoulder will be calculated with Kinovea video player. | 3 months after the baseline | 
| Arm swing amplitude-overall degrees in flexion-extension direction | The difference between the maximum flexion and extension of the shoulder will be calculated with Kinovea video player. | 3 months after the baseline | 
| Step-speed | The stepping task required patients to walk back and forth for 2 minutes over a three meters walkway which was set up with the FreeMed foot pressure analysis system (Sensor Medica, Guidonia Montecelio). Step speed outcome was collected from foot pressure analysis system. | 3 months after the baseline | 
| Two Minute Walk Test (2MWT) | It is a measure of self-paced walking ability and functional capacity. The person is encouraged to walk as fast as they can, safely, without assistance for two minutes and the distance is measured. | 3 months after the baseline | 
| Timed Up and Go (TUG) | To determine fall risk and measure the progress of balance, sit to stand and walking.It uses the time that a person takes to rise from a chair, walk three meters, turn around 180 degrees, walk back to the chair, and sit down while turning 180 degrees. | 3 months after the baseline | 
| Timed 25Foot Walk Test (T25FW) | The T25-FW is a quantitative mobility and leg function performance test based on a timed 25-walk. | 3 months after the baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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arm swing, multiple sclerosis, gait, foot pressure analysis