Artificial Intelligence (AI) Empowered Smile Simulations: Do They Accurately Predict Actual Post Treatment Outcomes

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of the present study is to assess the predictability of Invisalign® SmileView™ for digital AI smile simulation in comparison to actual smile treatment outcomes, using various smile assessment parameters.

Official Title
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) Empowered Smile Simulations: Do They Accurately Predict Actual Post Treatment Outcomes

Conditions
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Malocclusion

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Invisalign® SmileView™
* Other: Invisalign aligners


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: healthy systemic condition with no chronic diseases no previous orthodontic treatment adequate oral hygiene a healthy periodontium. Exclusion Criteria: chronic diseases previous orthodontic treatment poor oral hygiene periodontal diseases

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Sequential Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Invisalign® SmileView™<br> | Other: Invisalign® SmileView™<br>* Pretreatment smiles were captured using the Invisalign® SmileView™ to simulate their new smiles before treatment was started.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Invisalign aligners<br> | Other: Invisalign aligners<br>* Patients were then treated using upper and lower Invisalign aligners with average treatment time of 12±3 months.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Smile line | The extent of the vertical tooth display on smiling or the elevation of the upper lip in relation to the maxillary incisors. Three types of smile lines have been described- high, average, and low. A high smile shows the maxillary anterior teeth along with a significant amount of gingiva, an average smile shows maxillary anterior teeth with only interproximal gingiva, and a low smile typically shows less than two-thirds of the maxillary anterior teeth | through study completion, an average of 1 year | 
| Smile arc | The relationship between the curvature of the maxillary anterior teeth and upper border of the lower lip. It is defined by drawing a line along the maxillary central incisal edges to the cusp tips of maxillary canines, which is related to another line drawn across the superior border of the lower lip. In subjects whose maxillary teeth are covered by lower lip, smile arc is designated as not available. Three types of smile arcs have been described- parallel to the teeth (when the two lines follow the same curvature) also called a consonant smile, and a non-consonant smile, if the two lines are not parallel. A non-consonant smile can either be straight (with flatter curvature of the maxillary anterior teeth in relation to the lower lip) or reverse (when the maxillary anterior teeth form a reverse curve in relation to lower lip). | through study completion, an average of 1 year | 
| The most posterior teeth displayed | Smiles are categorized as displaying teeth up to the canines, first premolars, second premolars, or the first molars. A tooth is counted when more than half of its surface is visible. | through study completion, an average of 1 year | 
| The philtrum height | Distance measured in millimeters from subspinale (the base of the nose at the midline) to the most inferior portion of the upper lip on the vermilion tip beneath the philtral columns | through study completion, an average of 1 year | 
| Commissure height | Distance measured in millimeters from a line constructed from the alar bases through subspinale and then from the commissures perpendicular to this line. The differential lip growth exhibits the difference in height in philtrum and commissural height in adolescents. | through study completion, an average of 1 year | 
| Smile width/Inter-commissure width | The distance (mm) from outer commissure to outer commissure on smile in millimeters. | through study completion, an average of 1 year | 
| Smile index | The ratio between the horizontal smile width and the vertical smile height during smiling (smile width/smile height). | through study completion, an average of 1 year | 
| Maxillary inter-canine width | distance from the distal aspect of the right canine to the distal aspect of the left canine in millimeters | through study completion, an average of 1 year | 
| Buccal corridor | It is the space created between the buccal surface of the posterior teeth and the lip corners when the patient smiles. Orthodontists often refer to buccal corridors as negative spaces. The buccal corridor is measured from the mesial line angle of the maxillary first premolars to the interior portion of the commissure of the lips. Moore et al [16]. have previously quantified a buccal corridor of 28% as medium-narrow, 15% as medium, 10% as medium-broad, and 2% as broad smile fullness | through study completion, an average of 1 year | 
| Amount of lower incisor show | The amount of lower incisor display which can be categorized into either 1) No show of lower incisors during smiling, 2) partial lower incisor exposure or 3) full length lower incisor exposure. | through study completion, an average of 1 year |