Long Term Cardiovascular Disease Event Risk for Patients Undergoing Major Non-Cardiac Surgery

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The goal of this observational study is to learn whether the healthy lifestyle choices made around surgery can influence an individual's long term risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Patients will be observed 1-month prior to and 3-months following surgery to assess their risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

Detailed Description
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Patients who experience a medical event are often motivated to improve their health by engaging in healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as improving their diet and beginning to exercise. For example, patients who are considered smokers prior to surgery may sometimes stop smoking following surgery. However, we are unsure of other changes following surgery. For example, we are unsure if surgery can initiate any changes in exercise and diet, and we are unsure if these changes can influence the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Consistent and positive lifestyle changes will likely reduce an individual's risk of developing cardiovascular disease in the long term.

Official Title
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Long Term Cardiovascular Disease Event Risk for Patients Undergoing Major Non-Cardiac

Conditions
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Cardiovascular Diseases, Risk Reduction Behavior

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Healthy lifestyle behaviors around the time of surgery


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age 45 - 75 years Scheduled for intermediate- to high risk non-cardiac surgery (intra-thoracic or intra-abdominal surgery, all vascular surgery, intra-cranial neurosurgery, spine surgery) Expected post-operative length of stay of at least two days, according to the surgeon's expectation At least two of the following CVD risk factors: History of: Hypertension, Diabetes, Coronary artery disease, Chronic heart failure, Chronic kidney disease, Cerebrovascular disease, Peripheral vascular disease. Obesity (BMI >25 kg/m2), Current smoking, Poor exercise capacity (<4 METS) Exclusion Criteria: Currently participating in a CVD risk reduction program Patient is scheduled to undergo transplant or has undergone emergency surgery Life expectancy <1 year (palliative surgery) Recent (<6 months) myocardial infarction or stroke Surgery scheduled <1 month Inability to effectively communicate

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 45 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Behavioral: Healthy lifestyle behaviors around the time of surgery|Healthy lifestyle choices, such as improving diet and beginning to exercise around the time of surgery and it's influence on an individual's long term risk of developing cardiovascular disease.|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Baseline assessment for calculating the pre-operative 10-year CVD event risk | For the baseline assessment, the expected 10-year CVD event risk of each participant will be calculated according to the appropriate CVD event risk prediction score using blood tests, questionnaire to estimate an individual's functional capacity, blood pressure, heart rate and ECG. | 1 month before surgery | 
| Follow-up assessment for calculating the post-operative 10-year CVD event risk | For the follow-up assessment, the expected 10-year CVD event risk of each participant will be calculated according to the appropriate CVD event risk prediction score using blood tests, questionnaire to estimate an individual's functional capacity, blood pressure, heart rate and ECG. | 3 months after surgery | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Occurrence of Cardiovascular or Non-Cardiovascular event | Cardiovascular related (e.g. Myocardial infarction/injury, mortality, heart failure) or non-cardiovascular related (e.g. surgical site infections, unexpected critical care unit admissions, re-operations). | 30 days after surgery | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Intermediate to high risk non-cardiac surgery