XGBoost for Predict Incisional Hernia

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The objective of this study is to develop a predictive model of IH based on machine learning with the use of the XGBoost technique, this will help surgeons in charge of abdominal wall closure to have objective support to determine high-risk patients and in them modify the closure technique or use a mesh according to their choice or the degree of contamination of the abdominal cavity.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Retrospective and observational study. The predictions will make using machine learning models. The programs use the scikit-learn, xgboost and catboost Python packages for modeling. The evaluation of models will be using fourfold cross-validation, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the ROC curve (AUC), and accuracy metrics calculated on the union of the test sets of the cross-validation. The most critical factors and their contribution to the prediction will identify using a modern tool of explainable artificial intelligence called SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP).

Official Title
-----------------
Development and Internal Validation of a Machine Learning Model to Predict the Occurrence of Incisional Hernia After a Midline Laparotomy

Conditions
-----------------
Incisional Hernia

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Diagnostic Test: Not intervention


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Patients older than 18 years of age Postoperative midline exploratory laparotomy, who underwent urgent or scheduled surgery, regardless of their underlying diagnosis, included between January 2010 and December 2016 and who completed 24 months of follow-up after surgery initial surgery. Exclusion Criteria: Reoperated for any cuestion diferent to present of hernia Management of open abdomen

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| With Incisional Hernia<br>The incisional hernia was defined according to the EHS guidelines as a mass in the abdominal wall with or without a visceral outlet or palpable in the surgical site determined by clinical examination or tomography, this group will present this complication. | Diagnostic Test: Not intervention<br>* Not having intervention is an observational study<br>|
| Without Incisional Hernia<br>The incisional hernia was defined according to the EHS guidelines as a mass in the abdominal wall with or without a visceral outlet or palpable in the surgical site determined by clinical examination or tomography, this group will not present this complication. | Diagnostic Test: Not intervention<br>* Not having intervention is an observational study<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Incisional Hernia | incidence of Incisional hernia (the incisional hernia was defined according to the EHS guidelines as: a mass in the abdominal wall with or without visceral outlet or palpable in the surgical site determined by clinical examination or tomography). | 24 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Facial dehiscence | Incidence of fascial dehiscence (the fascial dehiscence is the presentation of separation of fascie with leakage of contents from the abdominal cavity | 30 days |