Cohort of Patients Suffering From Major Depressive Episode With Evaluation of Sleep, Circadian Rhythms and Psychiatric Disorders

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Despite international efforts to identify biomarkers of depression, none has been transferred to clinical practice, neither for diagnosis, evolution, nor therapeutic response. This led us to build a French national cohort (through the clinical and research network named SoPsy within the French biological psychiatry society (AFPBN) and sleep society (SFRMS)), to better identify markers of sleep and biological rhythms and validate more homogeneous subgroups of patients, but also to specify the manifestations and pathogeneses of depressive disorders.

Detailed Description
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Depressive disorders are a group of frequent and severe disorders that affect up to 20% of the general population. The WHO projects that depression will be the leading cause of disability by 2030. This growing public health problem is marked by a decrease in psychosocial functioning and quality of life, and is associated with a high rate of suicide. In addition, there is a significant economic impact including loss of productivity and a significant increase in the use of health care services. To date, the diagnosis of a depressive episode is based solely on clinical assessment and diagnostic criteria. Despite international efforts to identify biomarkers of depression, none of these identified biomarkers have been transferred to clinical practice, either for diagnosis, outcome or treatment prediction. Some of the difficulties and lack of replication of certain results are directly related to the nature of depressive disorders, which include a large number of very heterogeneous entities. Among the markers of interest in patients with a major depressive episode (MDE), the scientific literature has shown close links between depression and disturbances in sleep and biological rhythms. Thus, more than 90% of patients suffering from MDE have sleep complaints (PMID:28972930). Moreover, it is now well demonstrated, via epidemiological and longitudinal follow-up studies, that sleep disorders, and in particular insomnia, are both risk factors and prodromes of MDE. These sleep and rhythm abnormalities seem to persist during remission phases and appear to be risk factors for depressive recurrence. Objective abnormalities, assessed by actigraphy and polysomnography, have also been demonstrated during episodes and in subjects at risk of depression, and thus appear to be both state and trait markers of the disorder. These sleep and circadian rhythm abnormalities, in addition to being associated with depressive relapse, are associated with poor global functioning, poor quality of life and risk of metabolic syndrome. Moreover, depressive disorders encompass a very heterogeneous set of conditions, and these biomarkers seem to hold great promise for better characterising the different subtypes of disorders and for better characterising patient populations. Finally, these clinical observations make sleep and circadian rhythm abnormalities essential therapeutic targets, making it possible to propose a truly more personalised medicine in psychiatry It is therefore urgent to better characterise the different subtypes of depressive disorders and to better understand the pathogenesis and evolution of these disorders in order to have predictive markers for conversion, recurrence or therapeutic responses. The objective of identifying such markers would also ultimately be to better screen patients and to propose adapted and personalised therapeutic strategies. The constitution of a national cohort, with a fine and homogeneous characterisation between the centres, is intended to meet these objectives by assessing psychiatry, addiction, sleep and chronobiology dimensions of depressive disorders.

Official Title
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Cohort of Patients Suffering From Major Depressive Episode With Evaluation of Sleep, Circadian Rhythms and Psychiatric Disorders

Conditions
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Major Depressive Episode

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Individuals with depressive episode characterized according to the DSM-5 criteria regardless of the associated characteristics and comorbidities. Adult and child Affiliated to a social security Exclusion Criteria: don't understand or read french Medical condition incompatible with administration of questionnaire impossibility to give informed decision (subject in an emergency condition, etc.)
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| amount of REM sleep | during the polysomnography, amount of REM sleep (in minutes) | at inclusion | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| duration of the first stage of REM sleep |  | at inclusion | 
| duration of the first episode of N3 |  | at inclusion | 
| latency of the first episode of N3 |  | at inclusion | 
| duration of N1 slow-wave sleep |  | at inclusion | 
| duration of N2 slow-wave sleep |  | at inclusion | 
| duration of N3 slow-wave sleep |  | at inclusion | 
| percentage of slow-wave sleep N1 |  | at inclusion | 
| percentage of slow-wave sleep N2 |  | at inclusion | 
| percentage of slow-wave sleep N3 |  | at inclusion | 
| measurement of total sleep time |  | at inclusion | 
| sleep efficiency |  | at inclusion | 
| nocturnal awakenings |  | at inclusion | 
| latency of different sleep stages |  | at inclusion | 
| duration of different sleep stages |  | at inclusion | 
| density of different sleep stages |  | at inclusion | 
| movement during sleep |  | at inclusion | 
| percentage of time total sleep spent under 90% SaO2 |  | at inclusion | 
| Mean for iterative latency tests falling asleep |  | at inclusion | 
| urinary dosage 6-sulfatoxymelatonin over 24 hours. |  | at inclusion | 
| urinary dosage cortisol over 24 hours. |  | at inclusion | 
| apnea-hypopnea index |  | at inclusion | 
| index of periodic leg movements |  | at inclusion | 
| characterization of the chronotype | by using questionnaire MCTQ | at inclusion | 
| characterization of the patient's psychiatric state | using questionnaires: MADRS, YMRS, QIDS-SR, MATHYS and GAD-7 | at inclusion | 
| Sleep onset and offset | assessed with activity with actigraphy | at inclusion | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Depression, Biomarkers, Depressive, Disorder, Sleep, circadian rhythms, seasonal affective disorder