The Effect of Jigsaw Technique Used in Critical Article Review on Critical Thinking Disposition and Communication Skills

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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For nursing education to be sufficient to provide students with the contemporary roles required by the profession, education programs should be provided that will enable students to participate in the learning-teaching process actively. One of these programs is cooperative learning methods. The jigsaw learning technique, which is one of the cooperative learning methods, creates a contemporary learning model by providing a positive learning environment, individualization of students and the development of a sense of responsibility. Considering that distance education has become widespread all over the world, it is necessary to use these methods to increase interaction and group work in distance education. Aim: This study aims to determine the effect of the Jigsaw technique used in critical article reviews given by distance education on the critical thinking disposition and communication skills of nursing students.

Detailed Description
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For nursing education to be sufficient to provide students with the contemporary roles required by the profession, education programs should be provided that will enable students to participate in the learning-teaching process actively. One of these programs is cooperative learning methods. The jigsaw learning technique, which is one of the cooperative learning methods, creates a contemporary learning model by providing a positive learning environment, individualization of students and the development of a sense of responsibility. Considering that distance education has become widespread all over the world, it is necessary to use these methods to increase interaction and group work in distance education. Aim: This study aims to determine the effect of the Jigsaw technique used in critical article reviews given by distance education on the critical thinking disposition and communication skills of nursing students. Method: This is a quasi-experimental study. The study will be carried out in the Spring Semester of the 2022-2023 Academic Year, with the students who attend the Research in Nursing Course with distance education at the Nursing Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Düzce University. The study is planned to comprise 112 students, 56 students in each group, taking into account possible losses. The sample was calculated using the G*Power 3.1.9.7 programme. Data accumulation methods: In the study, descriptive features form, critical thinking disposition scale and communication skills scale will be used as data collection tools. Pre-tests will be administered to the students in the control group after the theoretical part of the course is over. Individual homework will be given to the students and they will be provided to analyze articles under the supervision of the researcher. Post-tests will be applied. Students in the experimental group will be administered a pre-test. Students will be heterogeneously divided into eight groups according to their academic grade point average. The groups will consist of 7 people. Each student will be responsible for one of the 7 article sections. These sections are: 1) Title - Abstract 2) Introduction 3) Method 4) Results 5) Discussion 6) Conclusion and Recommendations 7) Limitations - Resources. Within the group, it will be determined which member will be responsible for which article section. Students who have chosen the same article section in their main groups will come together to form expert groups. These expert groups are called Peer critical article review groups. After the expert groups are determined, they will come together and learn the article section they will be experts on. To ensure positive group cohesion during the group process in expert group work, members will be assigned one of the responsibilities of group leader, rapporteur, and monitoring the participation of members. The researcher will answer the questions asked by the students during the expert group work and provide support to the groups (3 hours). Students who are experts in their chosen article section return to their main groups to share their knowledge. Each group reviews one descriptive research and presents their review (3 hours). The instructor advises and selects the first group. The first group wins a research award with the support of the lecturers. Experiences in the process are shared and Post-tests are applied.

Official Title
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The Effect of Jigsaw Technique Used in Critical Article Review Given by Distance Education on Critical Thinking Disposition and Communication Skills of Nursing Students - Quasi-Experimental Study

Conditions
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Education, Distance, Students, Nursing, Jigsaw Technique

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Jigsaw Technique


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Students must volunteer to participate in the study. Exclusion Criteria: Students who decline to participate in the study Students who will not be able to participate in the application continuously

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Control group<br>With the students in the control group, a standard individual article review will be conducted under the supervision of the instructor. | |
| Experimental: Experimantal group<br>The students in the experimental group will be divided into 8 main groups of 7 students according to their academic grade point average. In these groups, each member will be responsible for one of the 7 sections of the article. Those who take the same section in the groups will unite to form expert groups and specialize by working on this section. Students will then return to their main groups and analyze an experimental article. From the groups presenting their reviews, a winner will be selected and a prize will be awarded. | Behavioral: Jigsaw Technique<br>* Jigsaw technique is one of the cooperative learning methods. A topic planned to be learned in the lesson is divided into sections and these sections are distributed to the students in the main group. Students who are responsible for the same sections in the groups combine to form expert groups and specialize by working on the subject. They then return to their main group to share their knowledge and make a presentation on the topic.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Critical Thinking Disposition Scale (CTDH) | Critical Thinking Disposition Scale (CTDH): The scale was developed by Semerci in 2000. The scale consists of 49 items with 5 dimensions. Sub-themes of the scale are metacognition, flexibility, systematicity, tenacity-patience and open-mindedness. 14 of the items are in metacognition, 11 of these are in flexibility, 11 of these are in tenacity-patience, 8 of these are in open-mindedness. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the CDTH is 0.96. | 28 to 30 days | 
| Communication Skills Scale (CSS) | Communication skills scale (CSS) helps to determine the communication skills of the students. Communication skills scale items centered on the factors of competence, discouragement, body language and dignification factors and there were 36 items in total. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale is 0.89. | 28 to 30 days |