Low-dose Maximal-intent Versus Controlled-tempo Resistance Training on Quality-of-life in Older Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aims of this study were to: Compare the effects of low-dose Maximal Intent and Controlled Tempo Resistance Training on untrained healthy older adults' quality-of-life, functional capacity, and strength. Qualitatively explore perceptions of Maximal Intent and Controlled Tempo Resistance Training in older adults. Older adults are defined as being 60 or more years of age.

Official Title
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Comparison of Two Low-dose Resistance Training Modalities on Strength, Functional Capacity, and Quality-of-life in Healthy, Community-dwelling, Untrained Older Adults: a Randomised Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Quality of Life

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Leg Press Resistance Training (3x5)
* Other: Leg Press Resistance Training (5x5)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Participants were eligible if they were between 30-60 years old Uninjured Had no cardiovascular or neuromuscular conditions Had not participated in lower-limb resistance training in the previous six months. Exclusion Criteria: Participants were excluded if they had either taken part in any lower-limb resistance training in the last six months Had underlying health condition(s) that prevented them from participating in resistance training Regularly met or exceeded the UK recommended physical activity guideline of 150-minutes of moderate to intense physical activity per week.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 60 Years
Maximum Age: 85 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Maximal-intent Resistance Training - 3x5 (MI3x5)<br>The max-intent group were instructed and encouraged to deliberately commit to exerting maximal effort and force during the concentric phase of the leg press with the intention of achieving the greatest velocity possible. This group completed 3 sets of 5 repetitions at 60% one-repetition maximum. | Other: Leg Press Resistance Training (3x5)<br>* Leg Press resistance training at 60% one-rep-max for three sets of five repetitions<br>|
| Experimental: Maximal-intent Resistance Training - 5x5 (MI5x5)<br>The max-intent group were instructed and encouraged to deliberately commit to exerting maximal effort and force during the concentric phase of the leg press with the intention of achieving the greatest velocity possible. This group completed 5 sets of 5 repetitions at 60% one-repetition maximum. | Other: Leg Press Resistance Training (5x5)<br>* Leg Press resistance training at 60% one-rep-max for five sets of five repetitions<br>|
| Experimental: Controlled-tempo Resistance Training - 3x5 (CT3x5)<br>The controlled-tempo group followed a metronome for both eccentric and concentric phases of the leg press with the intention of maintaining a steady three-second concentric and three-second eccentric. This group completed 3 sets of 5 repetitions at 60% one-repetition maximum. | Other: Leg Press Resistance Training (3x5)<br>* Leg Press resistance training at 60% one-rep-max for three sets of five repetitions<br>|
| Experimental: Controlled-tempo Resistance Training - 5x5 (CT5x5)<br>The controlled-tempo group followed a metronome for both eccentric and concentric phases of the leg press with the intention of maintaining a steady three-second concentric and three-second eccentric. This group completed 5 sets of 5 repetitions at 60% one-repetition maximum. | Other: Leg Press Resistance Training (5x5)<br>* Leg Press resistance training at 60% one-rep-max for five sets of five repetitions<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Quality-of-life | Participant quality of life (measured through focus group questions & SF-36) | At baseline and Week 1, mid (Week 4), and post (Week 9), out of a total study duration of 9 weeks. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Balance | Using the biodex to do a 3 x 20s double-foot eyes-open balance test on Level 6. | At baseline and Week 1, mid (Week 4), and post (Week 9), out of a total study duration of 9 weeks. | 
| 6-minute Walk Test | A brisk-paced 6-minute walk test. | At baseline and Week 1, mid (Week 4), and post (Week 9), out of a total study duration of 9 weeks. | 
| Timed-up-and-go | Standing from a chair, walking to a point 3 metres away, turn, and return to the chair as quick as possible whilst walking. | At baseline and Week 1, mid (Week 4), and post (Week 9), out of a total study duration of 9 weeks. | 
| 30-second sit-to-stand (30s-Sit-to-Stand) | Maximal amount of repetitions a participant can stand up from a chair in 30-seconds. | At baseline and Week 1, mid (Week 4), and post (Week 9), out of a total study duration of 9 weeks. | 
| Strength | Participants one-repetition max on leg press machine. | At baseline and Week 1, mid (Week 4), and post (Week 9), out of a total study duration of 9 weeks. | 
| Body Mass Index | Mass and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m^2 | At baseline and Week 1, mid (Week 4), and post (Week 9), out of a total study duration of 9 weeks. | 
| Strength-to-mass Ratio | Mass and Leg Press 1RM will be combined to calculate strength-to-mass ratio. | At baseline and Week 1, mid (Week 4), and post (Week 9), out of a total study duration of 9 weeks. | 
| Leg press one-rep-max velocity pre-to-post | Velocity (m/s) of leg press measured at post-intervention, using baseline one-rep-max. | At baseline and Week 1, mid (Week 4), and post (Week 9), out of a total study duration of 9 weeks. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Activities of Daily Living, Balance, Independence, Mobility, Untrained