Observational Study of Drowning Patient's Emergency Care in Its Pre-hospital Phase.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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According to the 9th edition of NOYADES survey, 1480 drownings accidents occurred in France in 2021, of which 146 (i.e. nearly 10%), were in the Var department. These patient's care involve in first place the Emergency Medical Service (EMS). To date, there is no recommendation from French or European academic societies of emergency medicine formalising pre-hospital care of these patients (except for the specific case of cardiac arrest). This absence of recommendation therefore favours heterogeneity of practices.

Detailed Description
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Within a three-year period from 2019 to 2022, this retrospective observational study aims to provide an inventory of pre-hospital practices by the EMS in the Var department and to describe drowning patients' characteristics as well as their outcome, according to the initial regulation and the type of care. These data could help for pre-hospital care management.

Official Title
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Observational Study of Drowning Patient's Emergency Care in Its Pre-hospital Phase.

Conditions
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Drowning

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Prehospital care following drowning accident


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Drowning patient Aged 18 years old or over Patient treated by pre-hospital care from the emergency medical services 83 (SAMU 83) between 1st January 2019 and 30th September 2022. Exclusion Criteria: Diving accident Patient opposition to participate in the study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Drowning patients<br>Process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid | Other: Prehospital care following drowning accident<br>* Prehospital care provided by the emergency medical service 83 (SAMU 83)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Type of ventilation used in pre-hospital care | Mechanical ventilation, non-invasive ventilation, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, oxygen therapy or none | 3-year period from 2019-2022 | 
| Ventilatory settings used in pre-hospital care | Positive End Expiratory Pressure, pressure support, fraction of inspired oxygen, flow rate | 3-year period from 2019-2022 | 
| Pre-hospital intervention duration | In minutes | 3-year period from 2019-2022 | 
| Type of resources involved for pre-hospital care | None, fire brigade or emergency rapid response unit | 3-year period from 2019-2022 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Onset of death | Analysis according to the orientation provided by the EMS regulation (emergency rapid response unit or fire brigade) and according to the different types of care by the EMS (Oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation or intubation). | Up to 30 days | 
| Duration of hospitalisation | Analysis according to the orientation provided by the EMS regulation (emergency rapid response unit or fire brigade) and according to the different types of care by the EMS (Oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation or intubation). | Up to 30 days | 
| Intubation rate at hospital | Analysis according to the orientation provided by the EMS regulation (emergency rapid response unit or fire brigade) and according to the different types of care by the EMS (Oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation or intubation). | Up to 30 days | 
| Type of ventilation used at hospital | Analysis according to the orientation provided by the EMS regulation (emergency rapid response unit or fire brigade) and according to the different types of care by the EMS (Oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation or intubation). | Up to 30 days | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Drowning, Emergency medical service, Pre-hospital care, Patient outcome