Upper Extremity Pattern Exercises and Respiratory Functions

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The study will be carried out with healthy students between the ages of 18-25 years who are studying at Ege University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation and who voluntarily agree to participate in the study. Informed consent form will be signed before the evaluation of the individuals. The study will be carried out as a single group with the inclusion of a total of 20 individuals. The students who volunteered to participate in the study will actively apply the selected PNF upper extremity patterns for 4 weeks and will be evaluated twice, before and after the application. Demographic information of the individuals; age, height, weight, gender, background, surname, smoking habit, alcohol habit, education level (class), sports habit, COVID-19 disease status and when it occurred will be recorded. Cosmed pulmonary function test device will be used to evaluate the respiratory function of the individuals, Oncomed brand electronic body weight and height measurement device will be used to calculate the body mass index. Body Image Perception Scale will be used for body image perception, Beck Depression Inventory will be used to evaluate psychological status, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale will be used to evaluate sense of self.

Official Title
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The Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Upper Extremity Pattern Exercises on Respiratory Functions, Body Image, Self-Esteem and Psychological State

Conditions
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Healthy Individuals

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Upper Extremity Pattern


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Not diagnosed with any chronic disease No neurological problems Has not had COVID-19 for at least 6 months Exclusion Criteria: Diagnosed with respiratory system diseases Regular medication use Suspected pregnancy Individuals with rheumatic or neurological diseases

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 25 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: It includes a single-group exercise application with volunteer healthy university students.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Exercise Group<br>Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation upper extremity pattern exercises will be actively applied to 20 individuals in groups of 5 in a standing position for 30 minutes in each session 3 days a week for 4 weeks. | Other: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Upper Extremity Pattern<br>* Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation upper extremity pattern exercises will be actively applied to 20 individuals in groups of 5 in a standing position for 30 minutes in each session 3 days a week for 4 weeks. PNF upper extremity patterns to be applied to the participants: Bilateral symmetrical flexion-adduction-external rotation. Bilateral symmetrical flexion-abduction-external rotation. Bilateral asymmetric right: flexion-abduction-external rotation, left: flexion-adduction-external rotation. Bilateral reciprocal (same diagonal) right: extension-adduction-internal rotation, left: flexion-abduction-external rotation. Bilateral reciprocal (same diagonal) right: flexion-adduction-external rotation, left: extension-abduction-internal rotation. Bilateral reciprocal (opposite diagonal) right: extension-adduction-internal rotation, left: flexion, adduction, external rotation.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Forced vital capacity (FVC) | It will be evaluated with Cosmed pulmonary function test device. The test will be performed according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) criteria. The patient will be asked to take a deep breath in a sitting position and then exhale rapidly through the spirometer. Nasal clamp will be used during exhalation. | At the beginning and at the end of 4 weeks of exercise. | 
| Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) | It will be evaluated with Cosmed pulmonary function test device. The test will be performed according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) criteria. The patient will be asked to take a deep breath in a sitting position and then exhale rapidly through the spirometer. Nasal clamp will be used during exhalation. | At the beginning and at the end of 4 weeks of exercise. | 
| Forced expiratory volume in the first second/Forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) | It will be evaluated with Cosmed pulmonary function test device. The test will be performed according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) criteria. The patient will be asked to take a deep breath in a sitting position and then exhale rapidly through the spirometer. Nasal clamp will be used during exhalation. | At the beginning and at the end of 4 weeks of exercise. | 
| Forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75) | It will be evaluated with Cosmed pulmonary function test device. The test will be performed according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) criteria. The patient will be asked to take a deep breath in a sitting position and then exhale rapidly through the spirometer. Nasal clamp will be used during exhalation. | At the beginning and at the end of 4 weeks of exercise. | 
| Body Image Perception Scale | The scale provides information about body image. The scale assesses satisfaction with 40 different body parts and functions. The scale has a minimum score of 40 and a maximum score of 200. A higher overall score on the scale indicates a higher negative judgement, while a lower overall score suggests a more positive evaluation. | At the beginning and at the end of 4 weeks of exercise. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale | The scale consists of 63 items. It is evaluated over 12 subscales and it is accepted that those who score 0-1 on the self-esteem subscale have high self-esteem, those who score 2-4 have medium self-esteem and those who score 5-6 have low self-esteem. | At the beginning and at the end of 4 weeks of exercise. | 
| Beck Depression Inventory | It is a scale developed to measure the behavioural findings of depression. As a result of the scoring, 0-9 points are interpreted as Minimal, 10-16 points as Mild, 17-29 points as Moderate, 30-63 points as Severe. | At the beginning and at the end of 4 weeks of exercise. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Reathing exercises, Body Image, Depression, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation