FRESHAIR4Life: Building the Case for Action

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The goal of this observational study is to understand the burden and determinants of tobacco use and air pollution (AP) exposure among mid- to late adolescents in Greece, the Kyrgyz Republic, Pakistan, Romania, and Uganda. This context-specific knowledge will be crucial for selecting, adapting, and implementing preventive interventions in the next phase of the project. The main questions the investigators aim to answer are: What is the perceived burden of tobacco use and AP exposure among adolescents? What are the contextual drivers and behavioral determinants contributing to (prevention of) these risk factors? How do the dynamics between stakeholders influence prevention efforts? In this study, data will be collected through interviews, focus group discussions, photovoice, document analysis, observations, personal exposure monitoring, and questionnaires.

Official Title
-----------------
Building the Case for Action: A Situational Analysis to Guide the Implementation of Preventive Interventions in Adolescent Tobacco Use and Air Pollution Exposure

Conditions
-----------------
Tobacco Use, Pollution; Exposure, Non-communicable Disease

Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Adolescents: mid- to late-adolescents (14 to 21 years) within the target population; Family members: relatives in the first or second degree of (not necessarily participating) adolescents; Providers: any relevant stakeholder that is connected to adolescents through profession (e.g. school teacher, youth worker) and/or providers of (public) healthcare; Stakeholders: any relevant stakeholder with either a specific expertise, in-depth knowledge or overall overview on the subject, and in direct contact with the community (e.g. community member/leader, policy maker). Due to the community- and individual-level focus of this research, individuals associated with the tobacco industry are deliberately not included as stakeholders. Exclusion Criteria: - People living outside the target area or not in direct contact with the target population.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 14 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------
What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of perceived clinical symptoms due to tobacco use and/or AP exposure |  | 1 day | 
| Quantitative and qualitative evaluation and exploration of perceived psychological impact due to tobacco use and/or AP exposure |  | 1 day | 
| Quantitative and qualitative evaluation and exploration of social factors relating to tobacco use and/or AP exposure |  | 1 day | 
| Quantitative evaluation of the burden due to tobacco use and/or AP exposure by monitoring personal exposure to air borne particulates (PM 10, PM 2.5 and PM 1), temperature and relative humidity, using personal exposure (PE) monitors |  | 1 day | 
| Qualitative evaluation and exploration of contextual drivers relevant to intervention implementation for prevention of tobacco and/or AP exposure, e.g. current strategies, local infrastructure and accessibility of resources. |  | 1 day | 
| Qualitative evaluation and exploration of contextual drivers relevant to intervention implementation for prevention of tobacco and/or AP exposure, e.g. the influence of social media. |  | 1 day | 
| Qualitative evaluation and exploration of contextual drivers relevant to intervention implementation for prevention of tobacco and/or AP exposure, e.g. the local socio-political climate, policy regulations and industry tactics. |  | 1 day | 
| Qualitative evaluation and exploration of the relationship, power dynamics and (medical) hierarchies between adolescents, providers and other stakeholders. |  | 1 day | 
| Quantitative and qualitative evaluation and exploration of determinants of behavior change in adolescents and providers relating to intervention implementation for prevention of tobacco and/or AP exposure. |  | 1 day | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Implementation studies, Mixed-methods, Participatory research