Childbirth-related Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Switzerland: The Swiss Cohort on Traumatic Childbirth and Health

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The goal of this observational study is to investigate the prevalence of Childbirth post-traumatic stress disorder (CB-PTSD) and Childbirth post-traumatic stress symptom (CB-PTSS) in Switzerland, and to analyze the psychological, medical, and social factors linked with CB-PTSD and CB-PTSS, whether they are antecedent factors or further consequences. The main questions it aims to answer are : The prevalence of CB-PTSS and CB-PTSD in Switzerland, for both mothers and partners (Primary outcome) The risk and protective factors of CB-PTSD and CB-PTSS (Secondary outcome) The impact of CB-PTSD and CB-PTSS on the marital and co-parental adjustment and the bonding with the infant (Secondary outcome) The role of the childbirth experience on the triggering of CB-PTSD and CB-PTSS, including emotional and affective aspects (Secondary outcome) The social and economic determinants of CB-PTSD and CB-PTSS, including, for example, social support and religion (Secondary outcome) Participants will fill up surveys at four time points: T1, during the third trimester of pregnancy T2, at 6 to 12 weeks post-partum T3, at 6 months post-partum T4, at 12 months post-partum

Detailed Description
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Study design: The present study consists of a longitudinal cohort study with surveys at four time points: T1: Third trimester of pregnancy: including risk and protective factors for PTSD such as antenatal stress, mother-partner relationships, social support, current anxiety and depression, and history of mental health issues and treatments. Sociodemographic information is also collected at this time. T2: 6-12 weeks postpartum: focusing on delivery conditions and its consequences with an extra focus on determining whether childbirth included eligible traumatic events such as e.g. emergency C-section, forceps, vacuum. The survey also investigates immediate PTSD onsets and other short-term outcomes such as early co-parenting quality and parent-infant bonding. T3: 6 months postpartum: including reassessment of CB-PTSD since CB-PTSD occurring more than 6 months after the traumatic event represents the delayed PTSD subtype. T4: 12 months postpartum: in order to identify the prevalence of delayed CB-PTSD, or of persistent/recurrent perinatal depression, to assess parent healthcare renunciation, as well as couple relationship quality/satisfaction and co-parenting quality. Participants enter the SwiTCH study preferably at T1, but inclusion at T2 is also possible in order to maximize recruitment. The participants included at t2 will fill the sociodemographic and history of mental health surveys at T2 instead of T1. Study population: The inclusion criteria for mothers is being pregnant in the third pregnancy trimester and being above 16 years, or being between 6 to 12 weeks postpartum and above 16 years. Partners are recruited based on the inclusion criteria for mothers. Additionally, they must be 16 years old or older. All participants are asked to sign a written consent (and if applicable, legal representatives for adolescents aged over 16 years old).

Official Title
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Childbirth-related Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Switzerland and Understanding Its Relations With Depression, Health Care Renunciation, Coparenting and Parental Burnout: The Swiss Cohort on Traumatic Childbirth and Health

Conditions
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Women being pregnant in the third pregnancy trimester, or being between 6 to 12 weeks postpartum. Partners are recruited base on the inclusion criteria for mothers. Exclusion Criteria: N/A.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 16 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Prevalence of childbirth trauma in mother and partner | Measure of the extent to which the birth is perceived as traumatic | 6-12 weeks postpartum | 
| Prevalence of childbirth Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and childbirth Postraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) | Childbirth-related PTSD and PTSS is assessed with the City Birth Trauma Scale (City BiTS). | 6-12 weeks postpartum | 
| Prevalence of childbirth Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and childbirth Postraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) | Childbirth-related PTSD and PTSS is assessed with the City Birth Trauma Scale (City BiTS). | 6 months postpartum | 
| Prevalence of childbirth Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and childbirth Postraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) | Childbirth-related PTSD and PTSS is assessed with the City Birth Trauma Scale (City BiTS). | 12 months postpartum | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Risk factors of CB-PTSD : History of mental health issues (Mother) | History of mental health issues/treatment, 4 items | Baseline (Third trimester of pregnancy) | 
| Risk factors of CB-PTSD : History of mental health issues (Partner) | History of mental health issues/treatment, 4 items | Baseline (Third trimester of pregnancy) | 
| Risk factors of CB-PTSD : Anxiety (Mother) | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; Untas et al., 2009), 7 items scored on a 4-point scale | Baseline (Third trimester of pregnancy) | 
| Risk factors of CB-PTSD : Anxiety (Partner) | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; Untas et al., 2009), 7 items scored on a 4-point scale | Baseline (Third trimester of pregnancy) | 
| Risk factors of CB-PTSD : Depression (Mother) | Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS; Guedeney et al., 1998), 10 items scored on a 4-point scale | Baseline (Third trimester of pregnancy) | 
| Risk factors of CB-PTSD : Depression (Patner) | Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS; Guedeney et al., 1998), 10 items scored on a 4-point scale | Baseline (Third trimester of pregnancy) | 
| Risk factors of CB-PTSD : Fear of childbirth I (Mother) | Fear of childbirth, 1 item | Baseline (Third trimester of pregnancy) | 
| Risk factors of CB-PTSD : Fear of childbirth (Partner) | Fear of childbirth, 1 item | Baseline (Third trimester of pregnancy) | 
| Risk factors of CB-PTSD : Fear of childbirth II (Mother) | Fear of Childbirth Questionnaire (FCQ; Slade et al., 2022), 20 items scored on a 4-point scale | Baseline (Third trimester of pregnancy) | 
| Risk factors of CB-PTSD : Antenatal Stress (Mother) | Antenatal Perceived Stress Inventory (APSI (Razurel et al., 2014), 12 items scored on a 5-point scale | Baseline (Third trimester of pregnancy) | 
| Risk factors of CB-PTSD : Previous trauma (Mother) | Previous birth trauma, 1 item | Baseline (Third trimester of pregnancy) | 
| Risk factors of CB-PTSD : Previous trauma (Partner) | Previous birth trauma, 1 item | Baseline (Third trimester of pregnancy) | 
| Risk factors of CB-PTSD : Previous birth trauma (Mother) | Previous birth trauma, 1 item | Baseline (Third trimester of pregnancy) | 
| Risk factors of CB-PTSD : Previous birth trauma (Partner) | Previous birth trauma, 1 item | Baseline (Third trimester of pregnancy) | 
| Risk factors of CB-PTSD : Prenatal attachment (Mother) | Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI; Jurgens et al., 2010), 21 items scored on a 4-point scale | Baseline (Third trimester of pregnancy) | 
| Risk factors of CB-PTSD : Relationship satisfaction (Mother) | Relationship assessment scale (RAS; Saramago et al., 2021), 7 items scored on a 5-point scale | Baseline (Third trimester of pregnancy) | 
| Risk factors of CB-PTSD : Relationship satisfaction (Partner) | Relationship assessment scale (RAS; Saramago et al., 2021), 7 items scored on a 5-point scale | Baseline (Third trimester of pregnancy) | 
| Risk factors of CB-PTSD : Social Support (Mother) | Modified Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (mMOS-SS; Moser et al., 2012), 8 items scored on a 5-point scale | Baseline (Third trimester of pregnancy) | 
| Risk factors of CB-PTSD : Social Support (Partner) | Modified Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (mMOS-SS; Moser et al., 2012), 8 items scored on a 5-point scale | Baseline (Third trimester of pregnancy) | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Anxiety (Mother) | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; Untas et al., 2009), 7 items scored on a 4-point scale | 6-12 weeks postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Anxiety (Partner) | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; Untas et al., 2009), 7 items scored on a 4-point scale | 6-12 weeks postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Depression (Mother) | Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS; Guedeney et al., 1998), 10 items scored on a 4-point scale | 6-12 weeks postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Depression (Partner) | Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS; Guedeney et al., 1998), 10 items scored on a 4-point scale | 6-12 weeks postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Mother-infant bonding I (Mother) | Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PPBQ; Demanche et al., 2021), 25 items scored on a 5-point scale | 6-12 weeks postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Mother-infant bonding II (Mother) | Parent-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS; Bienfait et al., 2017), 8 items scored on a 4-point scale | 6-12 weeks postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Father-infant bonding (Partner) | Parent-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS; Bienfait et al., 2017), 8 items scored on a 4-point scale | 6-12 weeks postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Relationship satisfaction (Mother) | Relationship assessment scale (RAS; Saramago et al., 2021), 7 items scored on a 5-point scale | 6-12 weeks postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Relationship satisfaction (Partner) | Relationship assessment scale (RAS; Saramago et al., 2021), 7 items scored on a 5-point scale | 6-12 weeks postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Coparenting (Mother) | Coparenting Relationship Scale (CRS; Favez et al., 2021), 35 items scored on a 7-point scale | 6-12 weeks postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Coparenting (Partner) | Coparenting Relationship Scale (CRS; Favez et al., 2021), 35 items scored on a 7-point scale | 6-12 weeks postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Parenting self-efficacy (Mother) | Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy (PMP-SE; Schneider et al., 2019), 20 items scored on a 4-point scale | 6-12 weeks postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Parenting self-efficacy (Partner) | Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy (PMP-SE; Schneider et al., 2019), 20 items scored on a 4-point scale | 6-12 weeks postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Healthcare renunciation (Mother) | Healthcare renunciation, 3 items | 6-12 weeks postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Healthcare renunciation (Partner) | Healthcare renunciation, 3 items | 6-12 weeks postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Anxiety (Mother) | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; Untas et al., 2009), 7 items scored on a 4-point scale | 6 months postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Anxiety (Partner) | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; Untas et al., 2009), 7 items scored on a 4-point scale | 6 months postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Depression (Mother) | Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS; Guedeney et al., 1998), 10 items scored on a 4-point scale | 6 months postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Depression (Partner) | Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS; Guedeney et al., 1998), 10 items scored on a 4-point scale | 6 months postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Mother-infant bonding (Mother) | Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PPBQ; Demanche et al., 2021), 25 items scored on a 5-point scale | 6 months postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Support from neighborhood (Mother) | Perceived Neighborhood Social Cohesion (P-NSC; Dupuis et al., 2017), 9 items scored on a 7-point scale | 6 months postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Support from neighborhood (Partner) | Perceived Neighborhood Social Cohesion (P-NSC; Dupuis et al., 2017), 9 items scored on a 7-point scale | 6 months postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Anxiety (Mother) | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; Untas et al., 2009), 7 items scored on a 4-point scale | 12 months postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Anxiety (Partner) | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; Untas et al., 2009), 7 items scored on a 4-point scale | 12 months postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Depression (Mother) | Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS; Guedeney et al., 1998), 10 items scored on a 4-point scale | 12 months postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Depression (Partner) | Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS; Guedeney et al., 1998), 10 items scored on a 4-point scale | 12 months postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Relationship satisfaction (Mother) | Relationship assessment scale (RAS; Saramago et al., 2021), 7 items scored on a 5-point scale | 12 months postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Relationship satisfaction (Partner) | Relationship assessment scale (RAS; Saramago et al., 2021), 7 items scored on a 5-point scale | 12 months postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Coparenting (Mother) | Coparenting Relationship Scale (CRS; Favez et al., 2021), 35 items scored on a 7-point scale | 12 months postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Coparenting (Partner) | Coparenting Relationship Scale (CRS; Favez et al., 2021), 35 items scored on a 7-point scale | 12 months postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Support from neighborhood (Mother) | Perceived Neighborhood Social Cohesion (P-NSC; Dupuis et al., 2017), 9 items scored on a 7-point scale | 12 months postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Support from neighborhood (Partner) | Perceived Neighborhood Social Cohesion (P-NSC; Dupuis et al., 2017), 9 items scored on a 7-point scale | 12 months postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Healthcare renunciation (Mother) | Healthcare renunciation, 3 items | 12 months postpartum | 
| Consequences of CB-PTSD : Healthcare renunciation (Partner) | Healthcare renunciation, 3 items | 12 months postpartum | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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childbirth, posttraumatic stress disorder, birth trauma