Production of Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Response to Different Fatty Acid Profiles

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The proposed project mainly aims to investigate the microbial processes leading to dietary metabolites production, independently of long-term microbiota adaptation to the diet, by measuring the microbiota-derived metabolite production from a meal sequence rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA) or the same meals but rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in individuals with or without obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2D)

Detailed Description
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The gut microbiota interacts with the host's enteric and systemic functions through the production of gut microbiota-derived metabolites. A subset of these metabolites, the endocannabinoids (eCB) and their congeners are derived from fatty acids and play a crucial role in metabolic health. The research project aims to study gut microbiota-derived metabolites, including the eCB and their congeners, in response to a 2-day diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids or rich in saturated fatty acids in individuals with or without abdominal obesity and type 2 diabetes. The investigators hope to better understand the kinetic production of circulating endocannabinoidome mediators derived from fatty acids in the diet.

Official Title
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Production of Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Response to Different Fatty Acid Profiles

Conditions
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Obesity, Abdominal, Diabete Type 2

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Nutritionnal intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Men and women aged between 45 and 65 years, menopaused women ; Body mass index between 20 to 35 kg/m² ; General good health ; Score of diet quality (HEI) between 40 and 70 ; Computer and Internet access ; Basic understanding of written French ; Daily stool frequency. Exclusion Criteria: Intestinal pathologies including inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal cancers ; Alcohol consumption greater than 15 portions for men and 10 for women weekly. Active tobacco and cannabis usage ; Consumption of omega-3 dietary supplements ; Consumption of dietary supplements (vitamins and probiotics) - must be ceased 2 weeks before the dietary intervention ; Completion of a course of antibiotics in the past 3 months ; Important weight change (+/- 5 kg) in the past 6 months ; Type 1 diabetes or insulin-treated diabetes.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 45 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Intervention Model: Sequential Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Single<br>All participating subjects will undergo 3 feeding phases : 3 days of a run-in diet, 2 days of a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) diet and 2 days of a saturated fatty acid (SFA) diet. | Other: Nutritionnal intervention<br>* Participants will be provided with meals corresponding to each diet during the week. Participants will be required to eat only the meals provided.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Fasting and postprandial lipid metabolite production in response to dietary lipid intervention in abdominal obesity and type 2 diabetes | Interindividual variations in the endocannabinoidome mediators levels following a 2-day SFA and UFA diet intervention according to abdominal adiposity and type 2 diabetes. | 7 days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gut microbiota in response to a 2 day dietary lipid intervention in abdominal obesity and type 2 diabetes | Interindividual variations in the gut microbiota composition following a 2-day SFA and UFA diet intervention according to abdominal adiposity and type 2 diabetes. | 7 days | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Gut Microbiome, Endocannabinoidome, Metabolites, Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis, Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, Nutrition, Fatty Acids