Pilates Exercises and Down Syndrome

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Down syndrome is one of the genetic disorders that affect postural control and balance in children. Balance involves controlling the position of the body in space to achieve stability and orientation. pilates exercises are one of several techniques that are used to improve balance and postural control in adults and children. the purpose of the study is To investigate the effect of Pilates exercises on balance and gross motor co-ordination in children with Down syndrome

Detailed Description
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Group A performed flexibility, strength, and endurance exercises that focused on the lower extremity and trunk muscles, exercise for postural stability in various positions and surfaces, including flexibility exercises for the hip, knee and calf muscle. Strengthening exercises included the core muscles, hip abductors, hip extensors hamstrings and quadriceps knee extension in high sitting. Postural control involved walking in all directions, exceeding the limits of stability in various positions such as kneeling, half kneeling, standing on rough and soft surfaces, Each session started with a warming up and cooling down of 5 minutes for each period and each session lasted for 45 minutes. Group B received the same program of exercises given to group A in addition to 45 minutes of Pilates exercises to improve balance and gross motor coordination. Exercises were performed on a mat, a medical ball, and from a standing position, focusing on maintaining core contraction, spinal and pelvic alignment, and respiration rhythm. Ten repetitions of Pilates exercises will be performed with a 2-minute rest period between repetitions. Both groups will attended the intervention program three times/week for 3 months

Official Title
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Effect of Pilates Exercises on Balance and Gross Motor Co-Ordination In Children With Down Syndrome

Conditions
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Balance, Down Syndrome, Pilates Exercises

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: pilates exercises


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: (1) diagnosed with Trisomy 21 through genetic testing, (2) aged 6 to 11 years and (3) able to follow a minimum of two-step instructions. The minimum motor ability of participants with DS was independent locomotion. Exclusion Criteria: (1) medical condition that is contraindicated to moderate to vigorous physical activity such as cardiovascular problems, (2) orthopaedic instability, including those associated with DS (e.g. atlanto-axial instability) and (3) behavioural issues that hindered instruction.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Years
Maximum Age: 10 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: conventional physical therapy<br>Group A performed flexibility, strength, and endurance exercises that focused on the lower extremity and trunk muscles, exercise for postural stability in various positions and surfaces, including flexibility exercises for the hip, knee and calf muscle. Strengthening exercises included the core muscles, hip abductors, hip extensors hamstrings and quadriceps knee extension in high sitting. Postural control involved walking in all directions, exceeding the limits of stability in various positions such as kneeling, half kneeling, standing on rough and soft surfaces, Each session started with a warming up and cooling down of 5 minutes for each period and each session lasted for 45 minutes. | Other: pilates exercises<br>* Pilates is a system of repetitive exercises performed on a yoga mat or other equipment to promote strength, stability, and flexibility. Pilates exercises develop the body through muscular effort that stems from the core.<br>|
| Experimental: pilates exercises<br>group B received the same program of exercises given to group A in addition to 45 minutes of Pilates exercises to improve balance and gross motor coordination. Exercises were performed on a mat, a medical ball, and from a standing position, focusing on maintaining core contraction, spinal and pelvic alignment, and respiration rhythm. Ten repetitions of Pilates exercises will be performed with a 2-minute rest period between repetitions. Both groups will attend the intervention program three times/week for 3 months | Other: pilates exercises<br>* Pilates is a system of repetitive exercises performed on a yoga mat or other equipment to promote strength, stability, and flexibility. Pilates exercises develop the body through muscular effort that stems from the core.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| balance | Balance assessment will be performed in both groups before and after the intervention to find any significant difference, by using the Biodex Balance System to evaluate all measurable variables of stability indices (anteroposterior stability index and mediolateral stability index). | 3 months | 
| Bruininks-oseretsky test of motor proficiency-second version (BOT-2) | BOT-2 measures gross motor proficiency, with subtests that focus on stability, mobility, strength, coordination, and object manipulation. The test is tailored to school-aged children, who have varying motor control abilities ranging from normal to mild or moderate. In this study, it will be used to measure gross motor co-ordination. | 3 months |