Effect of Kinesio Taping on Pulmonary Function and Forward Shoulder Posture FSP of Young Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of kinesio taping on pulmonary function and forward shoulder posture in young adults. Limited literature shows an association between forward shoulder posture and pulmonary function but the effect of kinesio taping for correction of forward shoulder posture and its consequences on pulmonary function is lacking in previous studies.

Detailed Description
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Electronic devices and gadgets are mostly used for official and personal needs in this modern era. This increased usage leads to poor posture, especially in young adults. The FSP is the most common incorrect posture in youngsters. A study on posture correction shows the prevalence of rounded shoulders is 84% in the young adult age group of (18 to 24 years). The misaligned posture causes changes in anatomical structure leading to many musculoskeletal problems. Along with the musculoskeletal system, FSP also decreases chest wall mobility, lung capacities, and overall respiratory function. The respiratory muscle's proper functions is need to expand the thoracic cavity . The pectoralis muscles function is to elevate the rib cage and its tightness leads to lower chest expansion. Rhomboids play a role in stabilizing the scapula which helps the serratus muscle in forced inspiration. Weakness of middle and lower trapezius muscles causes the inability to straighten the back, thus affecting the ability to raise and expand the chest properly. Currently, for posture correction, usually in the form of conservative treatments such as stretching and strengthening exercises, McKenzie's exercises, Pilates, shoulder support braces, electrical modalities, etc are used to correct or reduce FSP. It is a dire need to find out the best physiotherapy approach for the correction of forward shoulder posture as well as improvement in pulmonary function that is not time-consuming like other exercise interventions. If the effectiveness of kinesio taping on pulmonary function is verified it will contribute to future use as the most suitable and less time-consuming approach in youngsters with FSP.

Official Title
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Effect of Kinesio Taping on Pulmonary Function and Forward Shoulder Posture of Young Adults

Conditions
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Healthy Young Adults

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Kinesio Taping
* Other: Conventional physiotherapy protocol


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Both male and female participants Age: 18 - 25 years BMI within the normal range (18.5 to 24.9) Healthy participants with FSP Exclusion Criteria: Skin allergies to elastic tape Known case of smokers Known cases of cardiovascular and pulmonary problems. Subjects with musculoskeletal disorders History of chronic neck or shoulder pain (NPRS >3) Any deformities or any condition that make it difficult to apply the Kinesio-Tape Those who refuse to participate Previous experience in respiratory muscle training

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 25 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Kinesio Taping along with conventional physiotherapy protocol<br>All baseline measurements will be collected in the beginning. In participant of experimental group the K-tape will be first applied from the anterior aspect of the acromion process of the scapular to the spinous process of the fourth thoracic vertebra (T4). Then, the K-tape will be applied from same origin to the insertion at the spinous process of the tenth thoracic vertebra (T10). K-tape will be applied with 50% tension of its original length. The K-tapes will be replaced with new ones every two days for six weeks. The outcome measures will be assessed after every two weeks i.e. pre-assessment, on week 2, week 4, and week 6. Primary outcome measures include the effect of kinesio taping on pulmonary function (via Digital Spirometry) and chest expansion (via Measuring Tape).Secondary outcome measures include FSP and pectoralis minor index (via Digital Vernier Caliper) | Other: Kinesio Taping<br>* Kinesio Taping will be applied for 6 weeks and it will be changed with new one after every two days<br>Other: Conventional physiotherapy protocol<br>* Stretching exercise for pectoralis minor and major:10 sets and 2 sessions per day for 6 weeks. Strengthening of Rhomboids and Trapezius muscle: 10 sets and 2 sessions per day for 6 weeks. Deep Breathing: 10 rep and 2 sessions per day for 6 weeks.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Conventional physiotherapy protocol<br>Stretching exercise for Pectoralis Minor and Major muscle: Participant in supine lying try to touch the tip of shoulder with the bed surface e.g. retraction. Than in supine raise/abduct the arm at 90 and 120 degrees; try to drop down from the surface of the bed. Hold for 10 seconds 10 reps. 2 sessions per day for 6 weeks. Strengthening of Rhomboids: Participant in sitting position instructed to depress and retract the shoulder at the same time .Hold for 20 seconds 10 reps. 2 sessions per day for 6 weeks. Strengthening of lower and mid trapezius: In prone lying abduct arms to the side 90 degrees. Raise arms form surface of bed like an aero plane wings. Take a weight of 1 kg in hands and hold for 10 sec and 10 reps. 2 sessions per day for 6 weeks. Deep Breathing exercise: participant instructed to take a slow and deep breath inhaling through nose and exhaling through mouth. 10 rep 3 sessions per day for 6 weeks. Education regarding posture correction. | Other: Conventional physiotherapy protocol<br>* Stretching exercise for pectoralis minor and major:10 sets and 2 sessions per day for 6 weeks. Strengthening of Rhomboids and Trapezius muscle: 10 sets and 2 sessions per day for 6 weeks. Deep Breathing: 10 rep and 2 sessions per day for 6 weeks.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) | Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) measured through digital spirometer. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) measured through digital spirometer. Three zones of measurement are commonly used to interpret peak flow rates. Normal value of PEFR is (80-100%). Green zone indicates 80 to 100 percent of the usual or normal peak flow reading, yellow zone indicates 50 to 79 percent of the usual or normal peak flow readings, and red zone indicates less than 50 percent of the usual or normal peak flow readings | After 6 weeks | 
| Forced vital capacity (FVC) | Forced vital capacity (FVC) measured through digital spirometer. If the value of FVC is within 80% of the reference value, the results are considered normal. Changes in FVC from baseline to 5th and after 15th day of intervention will be assessed. | After 6 weeks | 
| Forced expiratory volume in 1sec (FEV1) | Forced expiratory volume in 1sec (FEV1) measured through digital spirometer. If the value of FEV1 is within 80% of the reference value, the results are considered normal. | After 6 weeks | 
| Chest Expansion | Chest expansion is the difference in thoracic girth after maximum inspiration and maximum expiration, which is one indicator of chest wall mobility. As it is measured using a measuring tape, it is a simple, inexpensive, and noninvasive tool for assessing chest mobility. | After 6 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Forward Shoulder Posture | The forward shoulder posture (FSP) is characterized by downward rotation and anterior tilt of the scapula | After 6 weeks | 
| Pectoralis Minor Index | Pectoralis Minor Index (PMI) is a proposed parameter to evaluate the pectoralis minor length (PML), eliminating the effect of subject's variability of height. | After 6 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Forward Shoulder Posture, Pulmonary Function, Kinesio Taping