Vitamins D and K Effects on Vascular Function in Obese Adults.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study that aims to evaluate the effects of combined vitamin D3 and K2-MK7 supplementation on vascular function, sympathetic tone, metabolic biomarkers and inflammatory factors in a population of overweight or obese adults and deficient or insufficient serum levels of vitamin D.

Detailed Description
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Overweight and obesity are public health issues of epidemic proportions nowadays. They constitute risk factors for several chronic diseases with vascular, metabolic, and inflammatory changes. Adequate serum levels of vitamin D are correlated with good cardiovascular and metabolic health, since its deficiency and insufficiency (highly prevalent in obesity) have an inverse correlation. Likewise, vitamin K, especially K2, is related to the reduction of arterial stiffness, suppression of the inflammation in the vascular wall, favorable action on the lipid profile, whereas insufficiency is related to increased cardiovascular risk. The combined use of vitamin D and K aiming to reduce cardiovascular risk has been studied, however, the results of randomized clinical trials are still controversial. This prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial aims to evaluate the effect of supplementation of vitamins D3 and K2-MK7 on vascular function, sympathetic tone, metabolic biomarkers and inflammatory factors in a population of overweight or obese adults and serum levels of deficient or insufficient vitamin D. Individuals of both sexes, aged between 40 and 70 years, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 and < 40 kg/m² and vitamin 25OHD3 <30 ng/ml will be randomized into 3 groups (A/B/C) to receive supplementation (Placebo/VitD3 7000 IU/VitD3 7000IU+K2-MK7-180mcg) daily for 16 weeks. Individuals will be rated at 4 visits namely: V0 screening according to inclusion and exclusion criteria; clinical, anthropometry and electrical bioimpedance, laboratory and vascular evaluation before supplementation; V1 supplementation begins; V2 after 8 weeks; V3 at the end of the intervention. The laboratory evaluation consists of blood count, biochemistry, electrolytes, glucose, lipid, liver and thyroid profiles, vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone, in addition to the urinary excretion of calcium and creatinine. Sympathetic tone is assessed by a frequency meter (Polar® Verity Sense), arterial stiffness by measuring the pulse wave velocity by oscillometry (Mobil-O-Graph®) and endothelium function by measuring post-occlusion microvascular reactivity using laser speckle contrast image-LSCI.

Official Title
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Effects of Vitamin D3 and Vitamin K2MK7 Supplementation on Vascular Function in Overweight or Obese Adults.

Conditions
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Obesity, Vitamin D3 Deficiency

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Vitamin D3 + K2-MK7
* Dietary Supplement: Placebo
* Dietary Supplement: Vitamin D3


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Vitamin D deficiency; Vitamin D insufficiency; Obesity; Overweight; Exclusion Criteria: Diabetes mellitus; Arterial coronary disease; Beta blocker use; cancer; ESRD;

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 40 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo<br>Placebo - Medium-chain triglyceride | Dietary Supplement: Placebo<br>* MCT<br>|
| Active Comparator: Vitamin D3<br>Vitamin D3 - 7000 IU daily | Dietary Supplement: Vitamin D3<br>* Vitamin D3 - 7000 IU<br>|
| Experimental: Vitamin D3 + K2-MK7<br>Vitamin D3 - 7000 IU + Vitamin K2-MK7 180mcg combined, daily | Dietary Supplement: Vitamin D3 + K2-MK7<br>* Combined supplementation<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Microvascular reactivity | A laser speckle contrast imaging system with a laser wavelength of 785 nm system will measure non-invasively real time cutaneous microvascular flow changes in the forearm. For the post occlusive reactive hyperemia test, arterial occlusion will be performed with suprasystolic pressure (50 mmHg above the systolic arterial pressure) using a sphygmomanometer applied to the arm of the subject over three minutes. Peak skin flow will be measured after pressure release. | 150 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Central blood pressure | Central systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure before and after intervention and their potential effects on changes in subendocardial viability ratio and ejection duration after intervention with beetroot juice and water. | 150 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Obesity, Vitamin D3 Deficiency, Vitamin K, Sympathetic tonus, Endothelial dysfunction, Arterial stiffness