Vitamin D in Healthy Adults After Strenuous Endurance Exercise

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on biochemical response and aerobic capacity after strenuous endurance exercise (SEE).

Detailed Description
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All participants conducted a graded exercise test on an ergometric bicycle to determine the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) before and after supplementation, and the speed equivalent to 65% VO2max was conducted for a SEE test by ergometric bicycle for 2 hours, followed by increasing 100 RPM until exhaustion. Venous blood samples were drawn before, immediately after, 2-hour after, 4-hour after, 8-hour after, and 24-hour after the SEE test to determine the concentrations of biomarkers. Data was analyzed by Two-way mixed design ANOVA.

Official Title
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Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Biochemical Responses and Aerobic Capacity After Strenuous Endurance Exercise

Conditions
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Healthy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Vitamin D
* Dietary Supplement: Medium-chain triglycerides


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: The volunteers included have conditions as stated below : no history of cardiovascular, liver, kidney and diabetes disease no acute sport injury male adult whose concentration of 25(OH)D is under 30 ng/mL, and maximal oxygen consumption is over 40 ml/kg/min did not participated in any clinical trials or research in the last 3 months before our experiment no supplements were taken during the experimental period were requested to maintain their regular daily life style and avoid alcohol intake Exclusion Criteria: The volunteers were excluded if they have the situation stated below: history of cardiovascular, liver, kidney and diabetes disease acute sport injury their concentration of 25(OH)D is over 30 ng/mL, or maximal oxygen consumption is under 40 ml/kg/min participated in any clinical trials or experimental research in the last 3 months before our experiment taking supplement during the experimental period did not maintain their regular eating habit or drink alcohol

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Healthy male participants were divided into vitamin D group and placebo group.
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Vitamin D group<br> | Dietary Supplement: Vitamin D<br>* Participants received 5,000 IU of vitamin D orally twice daily for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Liquid Shield Vitamin D3+E;|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo group<br> | Dietary Supplement: Medium-chain triglycerides<br>* Participants received the same amount of placebo matching vitamin D orally twice daily for 4 weeks<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Concentration of Neutrophil |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration ofNeutrophil |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of Neutrophil |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of Neutrophil |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of Neutrophil |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of Neutrophil |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of eosinophil |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of eosinophil |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of eosinophil |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of eosinophil |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of eosinophil |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of eosinophil |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of basophil |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of basophil |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of basophil |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of basophil |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of basophil |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of basophil |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of monocyte |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of monocyte |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of monocyte |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of monocyte |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of monocyte |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of monocyte |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of lymphocyte |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of lymphocyte |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of lymphocyte |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of lymphocyte |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of lymphocyte |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of lymphocyte |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CD4+ |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of CD4+ |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of CD4+ |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CD4+ |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CD4+ |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CD4+ |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CD8+ |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of CD8+ |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of CD8+ |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CD8+ |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CD8+ |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CD8+ |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CD19+ |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of CD19+ |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of CD19+ |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CD19+ |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CD19+ |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CD19+ |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CD56+ |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of CD56+ |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of CD56+ |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CD56+ |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CD56+ |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CD56+ |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IgA |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of IgA |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of IgA |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IgA |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IgA |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IgA |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of Cathelicidin |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of Cathelicidin |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of Cathelicidin |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of Cathelicidin |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of Cathelicidin |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of Cathelicidin |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of TNF-α |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of TNF-α |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of TNF-α |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of TNF-α |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of TNF-α |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of TNF-α |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-1β |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-1β |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-1β |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-1β |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-1β |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-1β |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IFN-γ |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of IFN-γ |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of IFN-γ |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IFN-γ |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IFN-γ |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IFN-γ |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-2 |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-2 |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-2 |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-2 |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-2 |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-2 |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-4 |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-4 |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-4 |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-4 |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-4 |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-4 |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-8 |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-8 |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-8 |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-8 |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-8 |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-8 |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-10 |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-10 |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-10 |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-10 |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-10 |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-10 |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of TBARS |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of TBARS |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of TBARS |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of TBARS |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of TBARS |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of TBARS |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of PC |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of PC |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of PC |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of PC |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of PC |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of PC |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of SOD |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of SOD |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of SOD |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of SOD |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of SOD |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of SOD |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of catalase |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of catalase |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of catalase |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of catalase |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of catalase |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of catalase |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of GPx |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of GPx |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of GPx |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of GPx |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of GPx |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of GPx |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CK |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of CK |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of CK |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CK |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CK |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CK |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of LDH |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of LDH |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of LDH |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of LDH |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of LDH |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of LDH |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-6 |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-6 |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-6 |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-6 |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-6 |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of IL-6 |  | 24-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CRP |  | before exercise | 
| Concentration of CRP |  | immediately after exercise | 
| Concentration of CRP |  | 2-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CRP |  | 4-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CRP |  | 8-hour after exercise | 
| Concentration of CRP |  | 24-hour after exercise |