Acute Satiety and Metabolic Response of Daily Consumption of a Fruit Juice

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The cLabel+ Innovative natural, nutritious and consumer-oriented clean label food is a research and technological development project centered on responding to the challenges facing the food industry. It is focused on the concept of clean label, which emerges as one of the major current trends in the sector, given the growing number of consumers who are increasingly aware and eager for information, who are looking for alternative, more transparent and natural food products. Thus, one of the aims of the cLabel+ project is to research the macronutrients and phenolic compounds present in food matrices and achieve a clean label positioning for the final products developed. This single group assignment clinical trial aims to evaluate the effect of daily consumption of a fruit juice, developed as part of the collaborative project cLabel+, on gut microbiota composition and diversity in healthy adults. It is also intended to study the acute metabolic effect, namely in terms of appetite control, and lipid and glucose metabolism.

Official Title
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The Effect of Daily Consumption of a Fruit Juice on Acute Satiety Response and Gut Microbiota Changes in Healthy Adults

Conditions
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Healthy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Fruit juice


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Men or women Adults (age ≥ 18 years) Filling informed consent Exclusion Criteria: Obesity (body mass index ≥ 30.0 kg/m2). Daily consumption of fruit juices in the month prior to the start of the study. Individuals with diagnosed food allergies or intolerances to the components being tested. Use of pro/prebiotics or fibre as a dietary supplement or any food/molecule that modifies intestinal transit time 6 weeks before recruitment. Use of laxatives 6 weeks before recruitment. Recent weight loss or weight gain of more than 10% in the last 3 months. Adherence to restrictive weight loss diets or specific dietary pattern (e.g., palaeolithic diet, Atkins, flexitarian, ketogenic, vegan). Diagnosis of gastrointestinal pathology, hormonal or thyroid pathology, autoimmune diseases, chronic use of corticosteroids, psychiatric disease, or diabetes mellitus. Having taken antibiotics within the 12 weeks prior to beginning the study. Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages (>14 and >8 units/week for men and women, respectively). Pregnant or breastfeeding. Participation in another clinical trial within the past 3 months that the Principal Investigator believes may compromise the results of the trial (e.g., clinical trial with an effect on the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota).

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Fruit juice<br> | Other: Fruit juice<br>* Daily consumption of 200 mL of fruit juice at lunch for 14 consecutive days, provided by the research team.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes in gut microbiota characterization | Differences in gut microbiota taxonomic characterization from baseline to the end of the intervention. | 14 days | 
| Changes in gut microbiota diversity | Difference in gut microbiota Shannon index, from baseline to the end of intervention. | 14 days | 
| Changes in the iAUC (pmol/L*min) for ghrelin | Ghrelin will be measured in fasting and every 30 minutes up to 3 hours. The iAUC (pmol/L*min) for ghrelin will be calculated based on the concentration curve following consumption of the fruit juice. | 14 days | 
| Changes in the iAUC (pmol/L*min) for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) | GLP-1 will be measured in fasting and every 30 minutes up to 3 hours. The iAUC (pmol/L*min) for GLP-1 will be calculated based on the concentration curve following consumption of the fruit juice. | 14 days | 
| Changes in the iAUC (pmol/L*min) for peptide YY (PYY) | PYY will be measured in fasting and every 30 minutes up to 3 hours. The iAUC (pmol/L*min) for PYY will be calculated based on the concentration curve following consumption of the fruit juice. | 14 days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes in fasting glucose | Changes in fasting glucose, measured in mg/dL, from baseline to the end of intervention. | 14 days | 
| Changes in fasting insulin | Changes in fasting insulin, measured in mg/dL, from baseline to the end of intervention. | 14 days | 
| Changes in HOMA-IR | Changes in HOMA-IR from baseline to the end of intervention. | 14 days | 
| Changes in total cholesterol | Changes in total cholesterol, measured in mg/dL, from baseline to the end of intervention. | 14 days | 
| Changes in LDL cholesterol | Changes in LDL cholesterol, measured in mg/dL, from baseline to the end of intervention. | 14 days | 
| Changes in HDL cholesterol | Changes in HDL cholesterol, measured in mg/dL, from baseline to the end of intervention. | 14 days | 
| Changes in triacylglycerols | Changes in triacylglycerols, measured in mg/dL, from baseline to the end of intervention. | 14 days | 
| Changes in high sensitivity PCR | Changes in high sensitivity PCR, measured in mg/dL, from baseline to the end of intervention. | 14 days | 
| Changes in expired breath H2 | Changes in expired breath H2, measured in ppm, from baseline to the end of intervention. | 14 days | 
| Changes in expired breath CH4 | Changes in expired breath CH4, measured in ppm, from baseline to the end of intervention. | 14 days | 
| Changes in faecal butyrate | Changes in faecal butyrate, measured in M, from baseline to the end of intervention. | 14 days | 
| Changes in faecal acetate | Changes in faecal acetate, measured in M, from baseline to the end of intervention. | 14 days | 
| Changes in faecal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) | Changes in faecal ALP, measured in mg/g faeces, from baseline to the end of intervention. | 14 days | 
| Changes in faecal LPS | Changes in faecal LPS, measured in EU/mL, from baseline to the end of intervention. | 14 days | 
| Changes in faecal calprotectin | Changes in faecal calprotectin, measured in µg/g faeces, from baseline to the end of intervention. | 14 days |