Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and School Functioning in Children

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Children in primary school often suffer from lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which may negatively impact their overall well-being. Co-occurring neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) can adversely affect children as well and can cause restrictions in their daily life, especially in their school-environment. The goal of this observational study is to identify the prevalence of LUTS in Flemish primary school children.The main questions it aims to answer are: How prevalent are LUTS in regular primary education? Is there a relation with well-being in school environment? Is there an influence of co-occuring NDDs? Children, parents and teachers will be asked to fill in questionnaires related to this research question.

Official Title
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Epidemiological Study of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and School Functioning in Children in Regular Elementary School

Conditions
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Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Incontinence, Urinary, ADHD, ASD, Developmental Coordination Disorder, Child Development, Quality of Life

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Questionnaire Welbevinden
* Other: Questionnaire Vancouver symptom score for dysfunctional elimination syndrome
* Other: Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire
* Other: Questionnaire concerning LUTS, NDDs and treatment perceptions
* Other: Questionnaire about policies and practices regarding children's toilet use and drinking habits in the classroom


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Children in 4th-6th grade Parents whose children are in grades 1-6 Teachers responsible for teaching children in grades 1-6 Children who attend regular primary education Capable of speaking & comprehending Dutch Exclusion Criteria: High school students home-schooled children children who attend special needs education Language barrier to understanding Dutch

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 5 Years
Maximum Age: 12 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Parents<br> | Other: Questionnaire Vancouver symptom score for dysfunctional elimination syndrome<br>* Vancouver symptom score for dysfunctional elimination syndrome, Dutch version, validated by 't Hoen et al. 2016.<br>* Other names: VSSDES;Other: Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire<br>* Validated Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire, Dutch version includes assessment of motor functioning.<br>* Other names: DCD-Q;Other: Questionnaire concerning LUTS, NDDs and treatment perceptions<br>* Unvalidated, complementary questions including the presence of LUTS, earlier diagnosis of bladder and/or boweldysfunction and neurodevelopmental disorders and perception concerning treatment characteristics.<br>|
| Children<br> | Other: Questionnaire Welbevinden<br>* A validated questionnaire recommended by the Flemish inspection of education to measure well-being in primary school children of the 4th, 5th and 6th grade.<br>|
| Teachers<br> | Other: Questionnaire about policies and practices regarding children's toilet use and drinking habits in the classroom<br>* These unvalidated questionnaire was based on the questionnaire developed by Ko et al. (2016) about the school's policies and practices regarding children's toilet use and drinking habits in the classroom, covering students in grades one through six. Epidemiological questions related to LUTS were added to complement the questionnaire.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bladder and bowel dysfunction | Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms and/or bowel symptoms measured with the vancouver symptom score for dysfunctional elimination syndrome. | through study completion from the parent-group, 25 minutes | 
| School functioning | Quality of life in school environment, measured as the child's well-being about school functioning with the questionnaire Welbevinden. | through study completion from the children-group, 30 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Influencing factors on school functioning | Prevalence and influence of neurodevelopmental disorders, school-related factors and LUTS. Results from the vancouver symptom score for dysfunctional elimination syndrome, Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire, questions concerning neurodevelopmental disorders and a questionnaire about policies and practices regarding children's toilet use and drinking habits in the classroom will be correlated with results from the questionnaire Welbevinden. | through study completion from the parent-, children- and teacher-group, 30 minutes | 
| Perception of treatment characteristics | Perception of parents about treatment characteristics for lower urinary tract symptoms are evaluated by means of a questionnaire including questions about treatment perceptions . | through study completion of the parent-group, 25 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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lower urinary tract symptoms, Quality of life, Pediatrics, neurodevelopmental disorders, VSSDES, DCD-Q