The Effect Of Relaxation Exercises Before Cataract Surgery on Elderly İndividuals

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of relaxation exercises applied before cataract surgery on the anxiety level of elderly individuals.

Detailed Description
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The study was planned as a randomized controlled study to determine the effect of relaxation exercises applied before cataract surgery on the anxiety level of elderly individuals. In this context, as a result of the study, it will be concluded about the effect of relaxation exercises applied before cataract surgery on the anxiety level of elderly individuals. It is also aimed to evaluate the effect of relaxation exercises on the preoperative and intraoperative vital signs of elderly individuals and their satisfaction level with the intervention. Patients who meet the inclusion criteria will be informed about the purpose, content and method of the study during patient admission in the preoperative period, and the sample group (experimental and control) will be formed by obtaining written permission from those who voluntarily agree to participate in the study. The determination of the experimental and control groups will be provided by the random numbers generated by the https://www.randomizer.org/ website. In the sample group (experimental, control), a pilot study will be conducted to evaluate the applicability of the study plan before the implementation (10 experimental, 10 control). In addition, the researcher will explain the application of relaxation exercises within the scope of the research to the patients in the experimental group by accepting the intervention application in the preoperative period. Formation of the Experimental Group and Interventions: First, patients who meet the sample selection criteria will be identified. Standardized Mini Mental Test will be administered to patients who are eligible for the study. Patients with a score of 25 and above will be informed about the purpose, content and method of the study by reading the voluntary information form, and those who voluntarily agree to participate in the study and accept the intervention will be included in the study by obtaining verbal and written consent. According to the order of inclusion in the study, the experimental group will be formed from the numbers generated by the https://www.randomizer.org/ website. Cataract surgery (phacoemulsification) is usually performed on a daily basis. In this period, firstly, the Information Form will be applied to the patients. Then, preoperative State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Visual Comparison Scale will be used to determine anxiety levels and vital signs will be evaluated. The non-pharmacologic relaxation exercise method will be explained to the patient by the researcher. In order to ensure that the 30-minute relaxation exercises can be performed in a comfortable environment, the patient can relax sufficiently, and the patients can make independent decisions in anxiety assessments; care will be taken to ensure that the patient's relatives are not present in the room, the curtain / screen on the patient's bed is closed, there is no urgency for urinary and bowel evacuation, the CD volume is adjusted according to the patient's preference, and the room is quiet and calm. An eye patch will be used during this period to minimize environmental factors. Immediately after the intervention, the State Anxiety Inventory and Visual Comparison Scale will be used to measure the individual's anxiety, satisfaction level with the intervention and vital signs will be evaluated. When the individual arrives at the operating room, his/her anxiety level and vital signs will be assessed in the waiting room using the State Anxiety Inventory and Visual Comparison Scale. During the operation, vital signs will be monitored on the monitor at 5 minute intervals. The interpretation of vital signs during the operation will be based on the average value of the measurements. Relaxation Exercises Practice: Relaxation exercises consist of voluntary, rhythmic and regular stretching and relaxation of large and small muscle groups until the whole body relaxes. For this exercise application; Relaxation Exercises CD prepared by the Turkish Psychologists Association will be used. The CD consists of 3 parts. In the first part, the definition and purpose of 10 minutes of deep relaxation and the practices to be considered during the exercise are explained. The second part consists of 30 minutes and explains relaxation exercises with the sound of a stream accompanied by verbal instructions. The 3rd part consists of 30 minutes and includes only relaxation music without instructions. In this study, only the second part of the Relaxation Exercises CD will be used and it will be applied in the patient's room/bed by the researcher by using a portable VCD/DVD player, adjusting the volume according to the patient's preference, with the help of headphones, taking into account the institutional policy in the preoperative period. The elderly individuals in the control group will be measured in the same time period as the experimental group without any intervention.

Official Title
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The Effect Of Relaxation Exercises Before Cataract Surgery On The Anxiety Level Of Elderly İndividuals

Conditions
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Anxiety Level

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Relaxation Exercises


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 65 years of age or older, At least be able to read and write, No problems in terms of hearing, communication (verbal / non-verbal), Can communicate in Turkish, Mini Mental State Examination Test score of 25 points and above, First time cataract surgery under planned topical/local anesthesia. Exclusion Criteria: Lacking cognitive competence, Additional eye problems other than cataracts, According to the STAI, with additional anxiety problems other than surgery, Known psychiatric problems, Developing complications during surgery, Elderly individuals who have to undergo different anesthesia will not be included in the study.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Randomized Controlled Trial
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intervention Group<br>Elderly individuals undergoing relaxation exercises before cataract surgery | Procedure: Relaxation Exercises<br>* Relaxation exercises consist of voluntary, rhythmic and regular stretching and relaxation of large and small muscle groups until the whole body relaxes. For this exercise application, the Relaxation Exercises CD prepared by the Turkish Psychological Association will be used. The CD consists of 30 minutes and relaxation exercises are explained with the sound of a stream accompanied by verbal instructions. This exercise includes rhythmic breathing, muscle relaxation exercises and music (stream sound).<br>|
| No Intervention: Control Group<br>Standard care | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in STAI-S's Inventory | State anxiety (STAI-S) refers to a temporary emotional state related to a specific situation. The STAI -S consists of 20 items. The total score obtained from the scale is between 20-80 and an increase in the score indicates an increase in the level of anxiety. The validity and reliability of the Turkish versions of these instruments have been validated. | before and immediately after the relaxation exercise and before surgery (in the operating room waiting room) | 
| STAI-T's Inventory | Trait anxiety (STAI-T) represents anxiety as a stable personality character. The STAI -T consists of 20 items. The total score obtained from the scale is between 20-80 and an increase in the score indicates an increase in the level of anxiety. The validity and reliability of the Turkish versions of these instruments have been validated. | before the relaxation exercise | 
| Change in Anxiety as Measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS-A) | Measured using the Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A), on a scale of 0 to 10, in which a higher score means an increased level of anxiety | before and immediately after the relaxation exercise, in the operating room waiting room and immediately before surgery. | 
| Change in Blood Pressure | A calibrated digital sphygmomanometer will be used to measure blood pressure. Results will be reported in mmHg. | before and immediately after the relaxation exercise, in the operating room waiting room, immediately before surgery and during surgery | 
| Change in Pulse Rate | Calibrated digital finger type pulse oximeter will be used for pulse measurement. The results presented as beat per minute. | before and immediately after the relaxation exercise, in the operating room waiting room, immediately before surgery and during surgery | 
| Change in Respiratory Rate | Respiratory rate per minute. Higher scores mean a worse result. | before and immediately after the relaxation exercise, in the operating room waiting room, immediately before surgery and during surgery | 
| Change in Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) | Calibrated digital finger type pulse oximeter will be used for Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO2). Approaching 100% is considered positive. Higher scores mean a better result. | before and immediately after the relaxation exercise, in the operating room waiting room, immediately before surgery and during surgery | 
| Change in Body Temperature | A calibrated non-contact infrared thermometer will be used to measure body temperature. Results will be reported in Celcius. | before and immediately after the relaxation exercise, in the operating room waiting room (before surgery ) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Satisfaction as Measured by Visual Analog Scale | Measured using the Visual Analogue Scale for Satisfaction, on a scale of 0 to 10, in which a higher score means an increased level of satisfaction | before and immediately after the relaxation exercise | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Nursing, Anxiety, Cataract, Relaxation Exercises