Reverse Trigger Phenotypification and Response to Ventilatory Adjustments

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The goal of this prospective observational study is to describe the incidence of reverse trigger (RT) in mechanically ventilated patients with diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The main questions it aims to answer are: Real incidence of RT based on continuous monitoring The response to mechanical ventilatiory adjustments Participants will be included as soon as neuromuscular blockers (NMB)/sedation is stopped or in case of spontaneous respiratory efforts detection, whatever happens first. Continuous monitoring will be performed by esophageal manometry until switch to a pressure support (spontaneous) mode, restart of deep sedation/neuromuscular blockers by medical indication, or death. In order to allow detection of possible RT in patients with ongoing sedation/NMB, mechanical ventilator waveforms will be screened every 1-2 hours by investigators and critical care physicians with at least 1 year of specific training in detection of dyssynchronies.

Detailed Description
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Measurements: An esophageal catheter for manometry will be placed as usual practice with confirmation of adequate position with the Baydur's occlusion test before recordings. An independent flow sensor and pressure transducer will be placed and connected to a laptop computer to obtain real-time monitoring along with continuous recordings, which then will be off-line analyzed by two experts, for confirmation of RT and characterization. Data collection: Main cause of the acute respiratory failure and days on mechanical ventilation until enrollment will be collected as well as demographic characteristics, including APACHE II, SOFA and the previous requirement of prone positioning therapy. At identification of the RT, drugs for sedation and analgesia, time from initiation of mechanical ventilation to RT identification and blood gas analysis will be recorded. Ventilatory settings will also be collected, including the control variable of the ventilatory mode (volume or pressure), respiratory rate, received tidal volume in ml/kg of predicted body weight, maximum inspiratory flow, ratio of partial arterial oxygen pressure (pO2) to fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), driving pressure and (positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Data about esophageal pressure related to RT will also be recorded, including the magnitude of pressure swing, phase angle, coefficient of variation, RT phenotype, entrainment ratio and the presence of breath stacking. Patient-centered outcomes including length of mechanical ventilation, intensive care and hospital length of stay, and mortality will be followed-up until 60 days.

Official Title
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Incidence of Reverse Trigger Phenotypes and Response to Ventilatory Adjustments in Patients With ARDS

Conditions
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Reverse Trigger, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Mechanical Ventilation

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Diagnosis of ARDS according to the Berlin criteria and added New Global Definition 2023 Mechanical ventilation Exclusion Criteria: <18 years Tracheostomy status Pneumothorax Tube thoracostomy with air leaks

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 90 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Incidence of reverse trigger | Proportion of patients who developed reverse trigger | 60 days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Days of mechanical ventilation | Days of mechanical ventilation | 60 days | 
| ICU length of stay | Days from ICU admission to discharge to wards | 60 days | 
| Mortality | Rate of deceased patients in percentage | 60 days | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Reverse trigger, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Dyssynchony, Mechanical Ventilation