Music Therapy on Cognition in Neurorehabilitation

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Music therapy has received more attention with its surging application in neuro-rehabilitation overseas. Given the dearth of music therapy and cognitive rehabilitation research conducted in Malaysia, this pilot study intended to investigate the effect of active and passive music therapy interventions versus the standard care condition in cognition among adults with neuro-rehabilitation needs.

Detailed Description
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Music therapy has received more attention with its surging application in neuro-rehabilitation overseas. Given the dearth of music therapy and cognitive rehabilitation research conducted in Malaysia, this pilot study intended to investigate the effect of active and passive music therapy interventions versus the standard care condition in cognition among adults with neuro-rehabilitation needs. Thirty subjects participated in this study. Each participant received one session of each of the following: active music therapy intervention, passive music therapy intervention, and standard card. Mini-Cog tests were conducted before and after each session and the scores were collected for data analysis. Throughout the study, observations ensured the troubleshooting of any potential flaws for future recommendations.

Official Title
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The Effect of Music Therapy on Cognition in Neurorehabilitation - A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Dementia, Stroke, Traumatic Brain Injury

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Passive Music Therapy (P)
* Other: Active Music Therapy (A)
* Other: Standard Care Control Condition (C)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: NeuroRehabilitation Needs Exclusion Criteria: obtain a score of above 22 or below 10 on the MMSE have documented current/active episodes of hallucinations and/or delusions have documented hearing impairments with or without hearing aid(s) have language barrier, i.e. do not speak or understand English, Mandarin or Malay

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 30 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Interventional Model Description: participant will receive one passive music therapy session consisting of relaxation to music, one active music therapy session consisting of instrument-playing, and one control condition.
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Passive Music Therapy (P)<br>The therapist read a standardized relaxation script in the research participant's selected preferred language while improvising on the keyboard. The script was inclusive of deep breathing and imagining a positive image. The research participants were asked to close his or her eyes while relaxing and imagining. The entire intervention lasted approximately 15 minutes. The research participants were allowed to request to stop the intervention at any time | Other: Passive Music Therapy (P)<br>* Music Therapy Intervention<br>|
| Experimental: Active Music Therapy (A)<br>The research participants were given a standardized assortment of percussion instruments to choose from. The therapist provided instructions of playing instruments along with the therapist. The research participant was allowed to change his or her instrument at any time and was advised to sing along with the therapist. Based on the research participant's age, the therapist selected the songs to sing and accompany on either the guitar or the keyboard. The duration of the intervention was approximately 15 minutes, which allowed about five to six songs to be sung. The research participants were allowed to request to repeat or skip any of the songs at any time. | Other: Active Music Therapy (A)<br>* Music Therapy Intervention<br>|
| Active Comparator: Standard Care Control Condition (C)<br>The control condition involved mundane activities such as chatting, resting, or reading magazines, with the MT, in the treatment room. | Other: Standard Care Control Condition (C)<br>* Without any intervention<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mini-Cog™ test | The Friedman test was conducted to determine whether Mini-Cog test scores differ from P, A, and C. | 1 year | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Music therapy, Active, Passive, neurorehabilitation needs, Cognition