Resiliency Training on the College Campus

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This is a waitlist controlled study examining the initial efficacy of Resilience Training among college students at an elevated risk for a severe mental illness.

Official Title
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Resiliency Training on the College Campus

Conditions
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Psychotic Disorders, Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Resilience Training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 18-30 years old Enrolled in undergraduate program at the college or university where the intervention takes place Students who endorse delusion-like experiences (DLEs): Peter's et al. Delusion Inventory (PDI) score > 4 and/or Students with mild to moderate depressive symptoms: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score ≥ 6 Exclusion Criteria: Inability to provide informed consent Not proficient in English Current self-reported Diagnostic Statistical Manual 5 (DSM-5) diagnosis with active symptoms (such as active psychotic symptoms, current suicidality, serious active alcohol or substance use, marked deterioration in functioning over the prior month) determined by clinical interview with participant, or self-report of a psychiatric diagnosis that necessitates close monitoring or individual therapy and/or inpatient or partial hospitalization Current enrollment in psychological or behavioral health treatment. Current use of psychotropic medications (other than stimulants) prescribed by a physician.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 30 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Waitlist controlled design
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Resilience Training<br>Participants obtained Resilience Training, a 4 session, 1.5 hour group intervention delivering the following skills: mindfulness, mentalization, and self-compassion. | Behavioral: Resilience Training<br>* A 4 session group-based behavioral intervention which delivers the following skills: mindfulness, metallization, and self-compassion.<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Waitlist<br>A 4-6 week waitlist during which participants did not receive any treatment. They would then obtain Resilience Training following their waitlist period. | Behavioral: Resilience Training<br>* A 4 session group-based behavioral intervention which delivers the following skills: mindfulness, metallization, and self-compassion.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Peters Delusions Inventory | The Peters Delusions Inventory (PDI) is a brief 21-item survey using non-stigmatizing and non-clinical language to obtain ratings of common delusional experiences (e.g. paranoia, grandiosity, ideas of reference) and perceptual aberrations (e.g. experiences of being controlled; thought insertion, withdrawal, and echoing). The PDI also captures conviction, preoccupation, and distress related to the delusions. This scale is scored from 0-21, with higher scores indicating more presence of these delusions. | Baseline, 4-weeks, 12 months | 
| Beck Depression Inventory | The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item self-report assessment obtaining ratings of one's level of depression on a Likert scale of 0-63, with higher scores indicating more depressive symptoms. | Baseline, 4-weeks, 12 months | 
| Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory | The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is a 20-item self-report scale obtaining ratings of one's anxiety, both those that are trait like and ongoing, and those that are state like and temporary. Scores range from 0-120, with higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety symptoms. | Baseline, 4-weeks, 12 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale | The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is a 25-item self-report scale obtaining ratings of one's level of coping and emotional resilience. It is rated on a scale of 0-100, with higher scores indicate one has more coping skills and more emotional resilience. | Baseline, 4-weeks, 12 months | 
| Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) is a 39-item self-report survey that obtains ratings of one's capacity for mindfulness. It contains 5 sub scales, although this study only used the total score. It is scored on a 0-195 scale, though a mean score is taken ranging from 0-5, with higher scores indicate greater capacity for mindfulness. | Baseline, 4-weeks, 12 months | 
| Interpersonal Reactivity Index | The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) is a 28-item self-report scale that measures one's ability to experience empathy for another person. The scale has 4 sub scales, yet this study utilized only two of them: the empathic concern and perspective taking subscales. It is scored on a 0-140 scale, with higher ratings indicate more ability for empathy. | Baseline, 4-weeks, 12 months |