The Effects Of Anticholinergic Burden On Daily Living Activities In Elderly Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The anticholinergic burden was calculated based on the medications that the patients had used for more than 10 days. Short-term medications used by patients were not evaluated. Among all the medications used by the patients, those with anticholinergic effects were scored according to the scale, and the total anticholinergic burden was calculated by adding them up. Those who had no anticholinergic score were considered to have no anticholinergic burden. The study cohort will be stratified into two cohorts, distinguished by the presence or absence of anticholinergic burden. To evaluate the impact of anticholinergic burden on daily living activities and instrumental ADL, the groups will be compared with respect to hand grip strength and walking speed.In this study, the anticholinergic burden will be calculated based on medications used by the patients for more than 10 days, excluding short-term medications. Each medication with anticholinergic effects will be assigned a score according to a scale, and the total anticholinergic burden will be determined by summing up the scores. Patients without any anticholinergic score will be classified as having no anticholinergic burden. The study cohort will be divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of anticholinergic burden. To assess the impact of anticholinergic burden on daily living activities (ADLs) and instrumental ADLs, the groups will be compared in terms of hand grip strength and walking speed.

Official Title
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The Effects Of Anticholinergic Burden On Daily Living Activities In Elderly Patients

Conditions
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Anticholinergic Syndrome, Anticholinergic Adverse Reaction, Antispasmodic Adverse Reaction, Antiarrhythmic Drug Adverse Reaction, Antiparkinsonism Drugs Causing Adverse Effects in Therapeutic Use, Psychotropic Agents Causing Adverse Effects in Therapeutic Use

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Being over 65 years old Patients without a diagnosis of dementia and with MMSE>24 Patients who can communicate (without hearing or visual problems) Those who give written consent to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria: Patients with a diagnosis of dementia at their initial visit, Bedridden patients (those with visual impairments) Patients with walking difficulties (due to pain, prostheses, visual problems, etc.), vitamin D deficiency (10) (20ng/dl>) or those who use assistive devices (walker, cane, etc.) or those with sequelae of cerebrovascular events or hip fractures. Patients with a diagnosis of delirium, Those who underwent major surgery in the last 6 months, Those who experienced cardiac or cerebrovascular events during the follow-up period, Patients with infectious diseases, Those who did not sign or withdrew their consent form.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| no anticholinergic burden<br>Patients with a score of 0 were considered to have not used anticholinergic medications. Short-term use of medications, daily dosages of medications, and topical, ophthalmic, otologic, or inhalation medications were excluded from scoring. | |
| anticholinergic burden<br>Patients with a score of 1 or higher were considered to have used anticholinergic medication. Short-term use of medications, daily dosages of medications, and topical, ophthalmic, otologic, or inhalation medications were excluded from scoring. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living (ADL) | ADL was evaluated on a scale of 100 points according to the patients' ability to feed themselves, bathe, perform personal hygiene, dress and undress, control bowel and bladder, use the toilet independently, use a wheelchair, mobility status, and ability to climb stairs. | 24 hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) | IADL consisted of eight sections, including the ability to use a telephone, shop, prepare meals, clean the house, do laundry, take medication, travel, and manage finances, and was evaluated on a scale of 17 points. Low scores were considered an indicator of dependence. | 24 hours | 
| Walking speed | For walking speed, the time to walk a 4.5-meter distance was measured. | 2 minute | 
| Hand grip strength | Hand grip strength of the dominant hand was measured twice with a Jamar dynamometer while sitting with the elbow flexed at 90 degrees, and the highest value was recorded | 1 minute | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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anticholinergic burden, daily living activities, geriatrics