Comparison of Kinesiophobia, Balance, Falling and Walking Speeds of Elderly's With Physical Frailty With Alzheimer's

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
In this study, Kinesiophobia, Balance, Falling, Walking Speeds of Elderly People with Cognitive Frailty with Alzheimer's Dementia, Elderly with Physical Frailty and Healthy Elderly Individuals will be compared.

Detailed Description
-----------------
In this study, Kinesiophobia, Balance, Falling, Walking Speeds of Elderly People with Cognitive Frailty with Alzheimer's Dementia, Elderly with Physical Frailty and Healthy Elderly Individuals will be compared. For research, 3 Groups will be included, including elderly individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's Dementia, physically fragile elderly individuals and healthy elderly individuals staying at the Private Dikmen Nursing Home and the private Uluçınar Nursing Home. The research will be conducted with a total of 54 individuals who voluntarily participated in the study from June 2023 to February 2024. The criteria for participation in the study of elderly individuals diagnosed with 1st group Alzheimer's Dementia are to be over 65 years old, to be able to walk independently and to be diagnosed with early or middle stage Alzheimer's by a doctor. The criteria for participation in the study of physically frail elderly individuals for 2nd group is to be over 65 years old, to be able to walk independently and appearing fragile or pre-frail according to the Frail Questionnaire. The criteria for participation in the study of the 3rd group of healthy elderly individuals were to be over 65 years old, not to have any psychiatric, neurological and orthopedic problems, and to be able to walk independently. As a data collection tool; For the descriptive characteristics of the patients, a form containing demographic information will be used. Timed Up and Go Test, Berg Balance Scale, 2 Minutes Walking Test will be used to evaluate balance and gait. Frail Questionnaire and Clinical Frailty Scale will be used for the evaluation of frailty. Tampa Scale will be used for kinesiophobia assessment. The Fall Activity Scale (Tinetti) will be used to assess the fear of falling. In addition, the cognitive status of individuals will be evaluated with the Mini Mental State Test and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test.

Official Title
-----------------
Comparison of Kinesiophobia, Balance, Falling and Walking Speeds of the Cognitively Frail Elderly With Alzheimer's Dementia With the Physically Fragile Elderly.

Conditions
-----------------
Alzheimer Disease, Frail Elderly Syndrome

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Evaluation


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: being over the age of 65 and being able to walk independently. Individuals who have been diagnosed with early or mid-stage Alzheimer's by a physician. Appearing fragile or pre-frail according to the Frail Questionnaire. Exclusion Criteria: Who has an obstacle to doing physical activity. Those who have undergone an operation in the last 6 months. Those who do not agree to participate in the research. Those who have been diagnosed with late-stage Alzheimer's dementia.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Alzheimer<br>Kinesiophobia, Balance, Falling,Walking Speed and Fragility Will be Evaluated with Tests. | Other: Evaluation<br>* Kinesiophobia=Tampa scale Balance=Berg Balance Scale Falling=The Fall Activity Scale( Tinetti) Walking speed=Timed Get Up and Walk Test ,Two-Minute Walking Test Fragility=Frail Fragility Questionnaire, Clinical Fragility Scale<br>|
| Physically Fragile<br>Kinesiophobia, Balance, Falling,Walking Speed and Fragility Will be Evaluated with Tests. | Other: Evaluation<br>* Kinesiophobia=Tampa scale Balance=Berg Balance Scale Falling=The Fall Activity Scale( Tinetti) Walking speed=Timed Get Up and Walk Test ,Two-Minute Walking Test Fragility=Frail Fragility Questionnaire, Clinical Fragility Scale<br>|
| Healthy<br>Kinesiophobia, Balance, Falling,Walking Speed and Fragility Will be Evaluated with Tests. | Other: Evaluation<br>* Kinesiophobia=Tampa scale Balance=Berg Balance Scale Falling=The Fall Activity Scale( Tinetti) Walking speed=Timed Get Up and Walk Test ,Two-Minute Walking Test Fragility=Frail Fragility Questionnaire, Clinical Fragility Scale<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Berg Balance Scale | It is a scale consisting of 14 tests that measure the ability to maintain balance during different positions, postural changes and movement.The assessment is based on the individual's ability to perform each test independently and/or within a specified time or distance.Grading is made between 0 and 4 points. It is expressed as 0 = unable, 4 = normal performance. The highest score is 56.0 to 20 points; indicates that the person is wheelchair dependent and has a 100% risk of falling.Between 21-40 points; It indicates that the person can walk with assistance as there is a risk of falling.between 41-56 points; states that they can ambulate independently with very little risk of falling. It was designed to evaluate the risk of falling in geriatrics. | 6 months | 
| Falls efficacy scale(Tinetti) | Tinettti et al. can be measured, the person's activities of daily living (for example, cleaning the house, getting dressed, doing simple shopping, etc.) 10-item questionnaire to evaluate the efficacy level of elderly individuals by looking at their safety. They developed the Tinetti Fall Efficiency Scale.How confident are you that you are doing the following activities without falling, while performing daily life activities in 10 different activities on a scale of 1 to 10, 1 is very confident and 10 is not confident at all?' he does the questioning.Adding the scores gives a total score of 10 (low fall-related activity) to 100 (high fall-related activity).A total score above 70 indicates that the person has a fear of falling. | 6 months | 
| Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale | It is a 17-item scale developed to measure the fear of movement/re-injury.The scale includes parameters for injury/re-injury and fear-avoidance in work-related activities.Likert 4 points on the scale rating (1= Strongly disagree, 4= I completely agree) is used.4, 8, 12 and After the reversal of Article 16, a total points are calculated.Person between 17-68 total gets a score. The score that the person received on the scale his high level of kinesiophobia is also high shows. | 6 months | 
| Timed Get Up and Walk Test | The patient is asked to get up from the chair she is sitting on, walk three meters, turn around and sit down again.At this time, the time is recorded.10 seconds and below; the patient walks independently, the risk of falling is very low.11-19 sec.; The patient walks independently, there is a low to moderate risk of falling.20-29 sec. may need help from time to time, there is a moderate to high risk of falling.Over 30 seconds, assistance is needed from time to time and the risk of falling is high. | 6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Accidental Falls, Alzheimer Disease, Frail Elderly, Frailty, Kinesiophobia, Postural Balance, Walking Speed