The Power of Hand Reflexology in Ameliorating Anxiety, Pain, and Fatigue Among Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Reflexology influences pain perception and pain-impulse transmission by releasing endorphins (12). Patients with a variety of medical illnesses can benefit from hand reflexology by lessening their physical and emotional discomfort (13, 14). Therefore, this study was done to investigate the power of hand reflexology in ameliorating anxiety, pain, and fatigue among patients undergoing coronary angiography

Official Title
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The Power of Hand Reflexology in Ameliorating Anxiety, Pain, and Fatigue Among Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography

Conditions
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Coronary Artery Disease

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Hand Reflexology


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Patients between the ages of 20 and 60 who were scheduled for non-emergency CA, Absence of any hands' sensory motor disorders, or upper limb vascular injuries. No abnormalities such as amputations, burns, skin lesions, and intervertebral disc herniation. No history of mental illnesses. Exclusion Criteria: Patients with severe mental problems

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: STUDY GROUP<br>Each patient in the study group received 8 sessions of hand reflexology after CA in a room separating them from the patients in the control group.Using pleasant odourless almond oil to lubricate the patients' hands, the researcher used Ingham's approach to hand reflexology for 10 minutes, applying pressure for 5 minutes on the right hand and then the left. | Behavioral: Hand Reflexology<br>* Reflexology is a well-known, safe, and noninvasive alternative medicine technique. It alludes to a treatment that is applied to particular areas of the hands and feet. The compression on the hands or feet serves as a sensor linked to particular body areas. These sensors are activated by the reflexology technique to improve blood flow, energize, relax, and maintain homeostasis.<br>|
| No Intervention: Group 2<br>The control group was selected first and received the routine care delivered by the hospital, such as assessment of vital signs, supine position, complete bed rest, and hygienic care. They didn't receive the hand reflexology intervention. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pain intensity | It is a 10 cm horizontal line with two ends; the left end typically denotes no pain, while the right end typically denotes worst possible pain. | 4 months | 
| Fatigue | The Rhoten Fatigue Scale (RFS) is a subjective rating scale developed by (16) to measure a patient's fatigue level. It comprises a 10-centimeter line with extremely positive and negative statements at either end. | 4 months | 
| Anxiety | The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was developed in 1988 by (17) to assess the severity of anxiety symptoms. The Likert scale for the 21 items that comprise the BAI ranges from 0 to 3. The overall score is between 0 and 63. | 4 months |