Study of Positive Psychology and Effects on Well-being of Anaesthesiologists in Hong Kong

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This clinical trial aims to evaluate whether positive psychology interventions via a hybrid approach will enhance well-being and resilience amongst anaesthesiologists in Hong Kong. The main questions it aims to answer are: Is app-based positive psychology intervention effective in improving well-being of physicians? Is app-based positive psychology intervention feasible amongst busy healthcare professionals? Participants will be randomized to one of the two groups: Four-week web-based interventions Control group Researchers will compare the intervention and control groups to see if the participants' benefit from the positive psychology intervention compared with not receiving it.

Official Title
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Implementation of Structured Positive Psychology Interventions to Improve Well-being and Resilience Amongst Anaesthesiologists in Hong Kong

Conditions
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Burn Out, Stress, Psychological, Well-Being, Psychological, Self-Compassion, Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety Disorders and Symptoms

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: App-based Positive Psychology Intervention (A&B)
* Behavioral: App-based Positive Psychology Intervention (C&D)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Fellows/members of The Hong Kong College of Anaesthesiologists Exclusion Criteria: No exclusion criteria is applied
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Positive Psychology A & B<br>Module A and B | Behavioral: App-based Positive Psychology Intervention (A&B)<br>* An app-based, evidence-based positive psychology intervention focusing on two modules: (A) Awareness & Positivity and (B) Meaning and Accomplishment<br>|
| Experimental: Positive Psychology C & D<br>Module C and D | Behavioral: App-based Positive Psychology Intervention (C&D)<br>* An app-based, evidence-based positive psychology intervention focusing on two modules: (C) Rapport & Conflict Management and (D) Compassion & Leadership<br>|
| No Intervention: Control Group with no intervention<br> | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Self-reported well-being | Overall well-being score of the Workplace PERMA-Profiler (Butler & Kern, 2016). This questionnaire consists of 23 items on a 10-point Likert scale from 0 = not at all to 10 = completely. The scale measures five pillars of well-being: positive emotion (P), engagement (E), relationship (R), meaning (M), and accomplishment (A), along with filler questions measuring negative emotion (N) and health (H). A overall well-being score is calculated to represent the person's well-being. | 4 weeks (Change from baseline to within 7 Days post-intervention) | 
| Self-reported burnout | Overall burnout score of Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) (Kristensen, Borritz, Villadsen, & Christensen, 2005). This questionnaire consists of 19 items on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 = 0% (Never or almost never/To a very low degree) to 5 = 100% (Always/To a very high degree). The scale measures three domain of burnout: personal burnout, work-related burnout, and client-related burnout. A overall burnout score is calculated to represent the person's level of burnout. | 4 weeks (Change from baseline to within 7 Days post-intervention) | 
| Self-reported psychological stress | Total stress score of Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) (Cohen et al., 1983). This questionnaire consists of 10 items on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 = Never to 4 = Very Often. The scale has two subscales: perceived helplessness and lack of self-efficacy. A total stress score is calculated to represent the person's level of psychological stress. | 4 weeks (Change from baseline to within 7 Days post-intervention) | 
| Self-reported anxiety symptom | Total score of General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) (Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams, & Löwe, 2006). This questionnaire consists of 7 items on a 4-point Likert scale from 0 = Not at all to 3 = Nearly every day. A total stress score is calculated to represent the person's anxiety symptom severity. | 4 weeks (Change from baseline to within 7 Days post-intervention) | 
| Self-reported depression symptom | Total score of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) (Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams, 2001). This questionnaire consists of 9 items on a 4-point Likert scale from 0 = Not at all to 3 = Nearly every day. A total stress score is calculated to represent the person's depression symptom severity. | 4 weeks (Change from baseline to within 7 Days post-intervention) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Self-reported self-compassion | Self-Compassion Scale - Short Form (SCS-SF) (Raes, Pommier, Neff, & Van Gucht, 2011). This questionnaire consists of 12 items on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 = Strongly disagree to 5 = Strongly agree. The scale has six subscales: self-kindness, self-judgment, common humanity, isolation, mindfulness, and over-identification. A total self-compassion score is calculated to represent the person's level of self-compassion. | 4 weeks (Change from baseline to within 7 Days post-intervention) | 
| Self-reported work gratitude | Overall gratitude at work score of Work Gratitude Scale (Youssef-Morgan, van Zyl, & Ahrens, 2022). This questionnaire consists of 10 items on a 7-point Likert scale from 1 = Almost never to 7 = Almost always. The scale measures three components gratitude at work: grateful appraisals, gratitude toward others, and intentional attiude of gratitude. An overall gratitude at work score is calculated to represent the person's gratitude in one's work setting. | 4 weeks (Change from baseline to within 7 Days post-intervention) | 
| Self-reported work meaning | Meaningful Work score of the Work and Meaning Inventory (Steger, Dik, & Duffy, 2012). This questionnaire consists of 10 items on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 = Absolutely untrue to 5 = Absolutely true. The scale has six subscales: self-kindness, self-judgment, common humanity, isolation, mindfulness, and over-identification. A overall Meaningful work score is calculated to represent the depth to which the person experience their work as meaningful, as something they are personally invested in, and which is a source of flourishing in one's life. | 4 weeks (Change from baseline to within 7 Days post-intervention) |