The Effect of Music-Based Mindfulness to Cope With Acculturative-Related Stress

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of music-based mindfulness on stress reduction among East Asian international students.

Official Title
-----------------
The Effect of Music-Based Mindfulness on Acculturative Stress and Attention in East Asian International Students

Conditions
-----------------
Stress

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Behavioral: Music-based Mindfulness
* Behavioral: Control Group


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Being 18 years of age or older Pursuing an undergraduate/graduate degree with an F-1 visa Originating from regions including China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, North Korea, South Korea, and Japan Living in the United States for no more than 3 years Having less than one year of mindfulness practice Exclusion Criteria: • Individuals not meeting inclusion criteria

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Music-based Mindfulness Group<br>Participants will receive a music-based mindfulness for 20 minutes. | Behavioral: Music-based Mindfulness<br>* The participants will receive a single 20-minute music-based mindfulness session in person. The participants will listen to instrumental music during the session.<br>|
| Other: Control Group<br>Participants will receive a information session for 20 minutes. | Behavioral: Control Group<br>* The participants will receive a single 20-minute information session in person. The information session will introduce the definition, history, basic concepts, and benefits of mindfulness practice.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Spielberger State-Anxiety Inventory | The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory survey which has six-item short-form of the state(STAI: Y-6 score. To calculate the total STAI score (range 20 - 80): reverse scoring of the positive items (calm, relaxed, content) so 1=4, 2=3, 3=2 and 4=1; sum all six scores; multiply total score by 20/6; refer to Spielberger's manuals to interpret scores (a 'normal' score is approx. 34 - 36) Participant will complete the survey 5 minutes prior to the intervention and then 5 minutes after the intervention | 5 minutes before intervention and 5 minutes post intervention | 
| Change in researcher-designed attention scale | There are two items. The first item I am very focused in the present right now will utilize a 5-point scale ranging from 1= Not at All to 5= Extremely. Conversely, the second item I have a lot of distracting thoughts right now will be measured using a reversed score. In this context, higher scores signify greater levels of attention. A composite score of these two items will be reported. | 5 minutes before intervention and 5 minutes post intervention | 
| Change in Trail Making Test, Part A and B | The Trail Making Test (TMT) is a timed test and the goal is to complete the test as accurately and as quickly as possible. Raw scores are reported in seconds to complete the test. For Part B, an average score is 75 seconds and a deficient score is greater than 273 seconds. The present study reports T-scores, which can range from a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 100. The higher the T- score achieved by a participant, the better the performance, indicating a higher level of functioning. | 5 minutes before intervention and 5 minutes post intervention |