Effect of Dapagliflozin in Non-Diabetic Patients With Nephrotic Syndrome.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Dapagliflozin is the first SGLT2 inhibitor to be approved for CKD treatment regardless of diabetes status. Since many etiologies of non-diabetic nephropathy are characterized by intraglomerular hypertension, it was hypothesized that dapagliflozin acutely decreases GFR and proteinuria in patients without diabetes at risk of progressive kidney function loss such as nephrotic patients via a glucose independent hemodynamic mechanism. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of Dapagliflozin on proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate in non-diabetic patients with nephrotic syndrome in order to slow the decline in kidney function and the progression to ESRD and to prevent the complications of nephrotic syndrome like thrombotic diseases, peritonitis, hyperuricemia, and recurrent infections.

Detailed Description
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Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a clinical syndrome defined by massive proteinuria (greater than 40 mg/m2 per hour) responsible for hypoalbuminemia (less than 30 g/L), with resulting hyperlipidemia, edema, and other complications as thrombotic diseases, peritonitis and recurrent infections. Dapagliflozin is the first SGLT2 inhibitor to be approved for CKD treatment regardless of diabetes status. Since many etiologies of non-diabetic nephropathy are characterized by intra-glomerular hypertension, it was hypothesized that Dapagliflozin decreases GFR and proteinuria in patients without diabetes at risk of progressive kidney function loss via a glucose independent hemodynamic mechanism. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of Dapagliflozin on proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate in non-diabetic patients with nephrotic syndrome. The study will include 90 patients with diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria ≥3.5g/24hr, and serum albumin ≤30g/L) and Urine protein/Creatinine Ratio (UPCR) ≥2. Serum creatinine <3mg/dl (265.2umol/L) and eGFR >30 ml/min/1.73 m2. They will assigned randomly into 2 groups. Each group will contain 45 patients. The first group will receive Dapagliflozin (Diglifloz) 10 mg orally once daily for 24 weeks and the standard therapy (ACEI or ARB). The second group will receive the standard therapy (ACEI or ARB). A. Baseline assessment: At baseline , the non-diabetic patients with nephrotic syndrome will undergo: A detailed medical history, Physical examination, Blood pressure, Complete blood count (CBC), Baseline biochemical laboratory tests including: kidney function tests (Urinary protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR), eGFR, serum albumin, serum creatinine, serum uric acid, Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lipid profile and serum glucose level B. Follow up assessment: Patients will be followed up every four weeks during the study period (6 months) by measuring UPCR, eGFR, serum albumin, serum creatinine, Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood pressure, uric acid, glucose level, lipid profile and CBC. In between visits, patients will be contacted via phone for monitoring of any side effects. C. End of study assessment: After 6 months, the previous biochemical tests will be performed such as UPCR, eGFR, serum albumin, serum creatinine, Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood pressure, uric acid, glucose level, lipid profile and CBC to measure changes from the baseline.

Official Title
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Assessment of the Renoprotective Effect of Dapagliflozin in Non-Diabetic Patients With Nephrotic Syndrome.

Conditions
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Nephrotic Syndrome

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Dapagliflozin and Standard therapy (ACEI or ARB).
* Drug: Standard Therapy (ACEI or ARB).


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age ≥18 and ≤60 years. Patients with diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria ≥3.5g/24hr, and serum albumin ≤30g/L) and Urine protein/Creatinine Ratio (UPCR) ≥2. Serum creatinine <3mg/dl (265.2umol/L) and eGFR >30 ml/min/1.73 m2. Pathological diagnosis with membranous nephropathy (MN) or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Absence of any contraindication to dapagliflozin (eGFR less than 30). On a stable dose of an ACEI or ARB for at least 4 weeks prior to randomization or Initiation of ACEI or ARB. Agreed to participate and sign written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: Diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease or autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease or lupus nephritis. Active malignancy aside from treated squamous cell or basal cell carcinoma of the skin. History of severe hypersensitivity or contraindications to dapagliflozin. History of repeated urinary tract infection or fungal infection. Patients with Hemodynamic instability or Hypotension. History of noncompliance to medical regimens or unwillingness to comply with the study protocol. Pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: The study is a Prospective, Randomized, Interventional, Parallel, Open Label study.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Dapagliflozin group and Standard therapy which include either ACEI or ARB<br>- The first group (45 patients) will receive Dapagliflozin (Diglifloz) 10 mg orally once daily at any time of day with or without food. Tablets are to be swallowed whole with half a cup of water for 24 weeks and standard therapy which include either angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). | Drug: Dapagliflozin and Standard therapy (ACEI or ARB).<br>* Dapagliflozin (Diglifloz) 10 mg orally once daily for 24 weeks and the standard therapy (ACEI or ARB).<br>* Other names: Dapagliflozin (Diglifloz) 10 mg orally once daily and the standard therapy (ACEI or ARB).;Drug: Standard Therapy (ACEI or ARB).<br>* Standard Therapy which include either ACEI or ARB for 24 weeks.<br>* Other names: Standard Therapy which include either ACEI or ARB.;|
| Active Comparator: Standard therapy which include either ACEI or ARB<br>- The second group (45 patients); will receive the standard therapy (ACEI or ARB). | Drug: Dapagliflozin and Standard therapy (ACEI or ARB).<br>* Dapagliflozin (Diglifloz) 10 mg orally once daily for 24 weeks and the standard therapy (ACEI or ARB).<br>* Other names: Dapagliflozin (Diglifloz) 10 mg orally once daily and the standard therapy (ACEI or ARB).;Drug: Standard Therapy (ACEI or ARB).<br>* Standard Therapy which include either ACEI or ARB for 24 weeks.<br>* Other names: Standard Therapy which include either ACEI or ARB.;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on proteinuria. | By measuring UPCR. | Change from Baseline UPCR at 6 months | 
| Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on proteinuria. | By measuring serum albumin | Change from Baseline Serum Albumin at 6 months | 
| Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). | By measuring serum creatinine. | Change from Baseline Serum Creatinine at 6 months | 
| Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). | By measuring eGFR. | Change from Baseline eGFR at 6 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on Systolic blood pressure. | By measuring Systolic blood pressure. | Change from Baseline Systolic Blood Pressure at 6 months | 
| Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on Diastolic blood pressure. | By measuring Diastolic blood pressure. | Change from Baseline Diastolic Blood Pressure at 6 months | 
| Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on uric acid. | By measuring uric acid. | Change from Baseline Uric acid at 6 months | 
| Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on lipid profile. | By measuring lipid profile. | Change from Baseline lipid profile at 6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Nephrotic Syndrome, SGLT2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin, management, proteinuria