Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Training to Muscle Strength, Dynamic Stability, and ACL Injury Prevention

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The goal of this randomized clinical trial study is to compare low-load blood flow restriction (LL-BFRt), sham LL-BFRt, and high-load eccentric training (HL-Et) in healthy level 1 sportsman. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does LL-BFR improve muscle strength better than sham LL-BFRt and HL-Et? Does LL-BFR improve dynamic stability better than sham LL-BFRt and HL-Et? Does LL-BFR prevent ACL injury better than sham LL-BFRt and HL-Et? Participants will be randomized into three intervention groups: LL-BFRt, sham LL-BFRt, and HL-Et. Participants will be asked to do: In LL-BFRt, participants will be asked to do LL eccentric training (including double leg squats, split squats, deadlifts, and monster walks) with a 30% of repetition maximum (RM) and 70% of arterial occlusion pressure (AOP). In sham LL-BFRt, participants will be asked to do LL eccentric training with a 30% of repetition maximum (RM) and 10% of arterial occlusion pressure (AOP). In HL-Et, participants will be asked to do LL eccentric training with a 70% of repetition maximum (RM). Researchers will compare LL-BFRt, sham LL-BFRt, and HL-Et to see if muscle strength, dynamic stability, and ACL injury prevention improve after the interventions and follow-up.

Detailed Description
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Participants will be asked to do five sets of ten repetitions of each eccentric training, one-minute rest interval for each eccentric training and two mins rest interval between each set.

Official Title
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Effects of Additional Blood Flow Restriction and Sham Blood Flow Restriction in Eccentric Exercise on Muscle Strength, Dynamic Stability, and Reduce the Risk of ACL Injury

Conditions
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Healthy Subjects, Sports Level 1

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Low-load Blood Flow Restriction training
* Procedure: Sham Low-load Blood Flow Restriction training
* Procedure: High-load Eccentric training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Being 15-35 years old Perform sports level 1 (soccer, basket ball, futsal, combat martial art) at least twice per week. Never had an history of ACL injury Never had an history of sprain or strain grade III Agree to participate until the end of this study period and sign the inform consent Exclusion Criteria: Having hypertension, blood circulation disease, anemia, obesity, diabetes, kidney failure, vena thromboembolic, cancer, and tumor. Disabilities or disabled people.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 15 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: LL-BFRt<br>30% of repetition maximum and 70% of arterial occlusion pressure | Procedure: Low-load Blood Flow Restriction training<br>* Physical therapist will apply the BFR cuffs with 70% of arterial occlusion pressure on the both legs of participants. Then, participants will be asked to perform eccentric trainings (including, double leg squats, split squats, deadlifts, and monster walks) with 30% of repetition maximum.<br>|
| Sham Comparator: Sham LL-BFRt<br>30% of repetition maximum and 10% of arterial occlusion pressure | Procedure: Sham Low-load Blood Flow Restriction training<br>* Physical therapist will apply the BFR cuffs with 10% of arterial occlusion pressure on the both legs of participants. Then, participants will be asked to perform eccentric trainings (including, double leg squats, split squats, deadlifts, and monster walks) with 30% of repetition maximum.<br>|
| Active Comparator: HL-Et<br>70% of repetition maximum | Procedure: High-load Eccentric training<br>* Physical therapist will ask participants to perform eccentric trainings (including, double leg squats, split squats, deadlifts, and monster walks) with 70% of repetition maximum.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Muscle strength | Investigators will measure the quadriceps muscle isometric strength using dynamometer (units: Newton or kilogram). | 8 weeks | 
| Dynamic stability I | Investigators will measure the dynamic stability I using Y-balance test (units: centimeter). | 8 weeks | 
| Dynamic stability II | Investigators will measure the dynamic stability II using single leg hop test (units: centimeter). | 8 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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blood flow restriction training, BFR, sham blood flow restriction training, Eccentric training