Effects of Aerobic Blood Flow Restriction

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim is to evaluate the effects of aerobic blood flow restriction on academy football players. Randomized clinical trial, with two intervention groups: Experimental group I will carry out training based on running on the treadmill using blood flow restriction (BFR) on match days 4 and 3 pre-competition (MD-4, MD-3). On the other hand, the Experimental II group will perform the same training without the use of BFR for 6 weeks. The study will be carried out during the 2023-2024 season in the National and Youth Honor Divisions of Spanish soccer, with soccer teams from Mallorca Island. Before and after 6 weeks of intervention, the countermovement jump (CMJ), maximum aerobic speed (MAS), VO2max, and repeat sprint ability will be evaluated. The levels of muscle soreness (DOMS) will be evaluated at MD-4, MD-3, and MD-2. The same procedure will be carried out to evaluate muscle fatigue, sleep quality, and stress through a questionnaire. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data will be collected before starting the study. In addition, the rate of exertion perceived will be evaluated at MD-4, MD-3, and MD-2.

Detailed Description
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The warm-up will consist of federation Internationale football association (FIFA) 11+. In addition, the warm-up will contain a familiarization with the jump test.

Official Title
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Effect of Aerobic Blood Flow Restriction Training in Academy Football Players: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Occlusion of Artery, Aerobic Exercise

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Blood flow restriction Running on Treadmill
* Other: Running on Treadmill


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: - Exclusion Criteria: No injuries players

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 15 Years
Maximum Age: 25 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Blood flow restriction (Experimental I)<br>Running with Blood Flow Restriction on the treadmill for 4 sets of 5 minutes,1' interset rest using a periodization methodology in soccer (Match Day 4 and Match Day 3). | Device: Blood flow restriction Running on Treadmill<br>* Soccer players included in experimental group I will carry out this program for 6 weeks, setting the blood pressure to   60% of limb occlusion pressure (AOP). They will run for 4 sets of 5 minutes, separated by 1 minute of rest, at 50-60% of their maximum Aerobic Speed.<br>|
| Experimental: Non-Blood flow restriction (Experimental II)<br>Running without Blood Flow Restriction on the treadmill for 4 sets of 5 minutes,1' interset rest using a periodization methodology in soccer (Match Day 4 and Match Day 3). | Other: Running on Treadmill<br>* Soccer players included in experimental group II will carry out the program for 6 weeks without occlude the blood pressure. They will run for 4 sets of 5 minutes, separated by 1 minute of rest, at 50-60% of their maximum Aerobic Speed.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from Baseline in Countermovement Jump (CMJ) | CMJ Test measured by Force Platform (Vald Performance, Brisbane, Australia) | Change from Baseline in countermovement Jump (CMJ Test) at 6 weeks | 
| Change from Baseline in Treadmill Incremental Test | Maximum Aerobic Speed (MAS) measured by the Treadmill Incremental test | Change from Baseline in Maximum Aerobic Speed at 6 Weeks | 
| Change from Baseline in Repeat Sprint Ability | Repeat Sprint Ability measured by the Bangsbo Test | Change from Baseline in Repeat Sprint Ability at 6 Weeks | 
| Change from Baseline In Yoyo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 | Vo2max Indirect measured by the Yoyo Intermittent Recovery Test Level I | Change from Baseline in Yoyo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 at 6 Weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from Baseline in Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) | Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) measured by Borg scale (0=Rest; 1=Really easy; 2=easy; 3=moderate; 4=sort of hard; 5=hard; 6=hard; 7=Really hard; 8= Really hard; 9= Really, really, hard; 10= Maximal) | Change from Baseline in RPE at Match Day -4 (MD-4), MD-3, MD-2 during the 6 Weeks´ Intervention | 
| Change from Baseline in Fatigue | Fatigue measured by a Wellness Questionary (1= Always tired; 2=More tired than normal; 3=Normal; 4= Fresh; 5= Very fresh) | Change from Baseline in Fatigue at Match Day -4 (MD-4), MD-3, MD-2 during the 6 Weeks´ Intervention | 
| Change from Baseline in Muscle Soreness | Muscle Soreness measured by a Wellness Questionary (1=Very sore; 2= Increase in soreness/ tightness; 3=Normal; 4=Feeling good; 5=Feeling great) | Change from Baseline in Muscle Soreness at Match Day -4 (MD-4), MD-3, MD-2 during the 6 Weeks´ Intervention | 
| Change from Baseline in Sleep Quality | Sleep Quality measured by a Wellness Questionary (1=Insomnia; 2=Restless sleep; 3=Difficulty falling asleep; 4=good; 5=Very restful) | Change from Baseline in Sleep Quality at Match Day -4 (MD-4), MD-3, MD-2 during the 6 Weeks´ Intervention | 
| Change from Baseline in Stress | Stress measured by a Wellness Questionary (1=Highly stressed; 2=Feeling stressed; 3=Normal; 4=Relaxed; 5=Very relaxed) | Change from Baseline in Stress at Match Day -4 (MD-4), MD-3, MD-2 during the 6 Weeks´ Intervention | 
| Change from Baseline in Mood | Mood measured by a Wellness Questionary (1=Highly annoyed / irritable / down; 2=Snappy with team-mates, family and friends; 3=Less interested in others / activities; 4=Generally good mood; 5=Very positive mood) | Change from Baseline in Stress at Match Day -4 (MD-4), MD-3, MD-2 during the 6 Weeks´ Intervention | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Blood Flow Restriction, Aerobic Capacity, Soccer, Repeat Sprint Ability, Countermovement Jump