Acute Effects of Fruit Juices Consumption on Postprandial Glycemic Responses and Satiety

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
This study investigated the acute effects of two fruit juices on postprandial glycemic responses and satiety in healthy individuals

Detailed Description
-----------------
This study aimed to 1. Determine the glycemic index and glycemic load of two types of fruit juices (orange juice and mixed fruit juice consisted of apple, orange, grape, and pomegranate) and 2. Investigate the effects of these two fruit juices on postprandial glycemic responses and satiety in healthy individuals

Official Title
-----------------
Examining the Acute Effects of Two Different Fruit Juices (Orange Juice and Mixed Fruit Juice Consisted of Apple, Orange, Grape, and Pomegranate) on Postprandial Glycemic Responses and Satiety in Healthy Individuals

Conditions
-----------------
Potential Abnormality of Glucose Tolerance, Appetitive Behavior

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Glucose as reference food
* Other: Orange juice
* Other: Mixed fruit juice


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: healthy non-smoking non-diabetic and normotensive men and women body mass index between 18.5 and 25 kg/m2 Exclusion Criteria: severe chronic disease (e.g. cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, kidney or liver conditions, endocrine conditions) gastrointestinal disorders pregnancy lactation competitive sports alcohol abuse drug dependency

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 55 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Glucose as reference food<br>Ten healthy, normal-weight adults after 10-14 hours of fasting, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from D-glucose, tested three times, in different visits as reference food; and 50g available carbohydrates from orange juice and mixed fruit juice (consisted of apple, orange, grape, and pomegranate), each tested once, in different visits, along with 300mL water. There was a washout period of at least two days between visits. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min after beverage consumption. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first sip of drink. | Other: Glucose as reference food<br>* Ten healthy, normal-weight subjects after 10-14 hours of fasting, consumed 50g glucose diluted in 300ml water, tested three times, in different visits, within 5-10min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min.<br>|
| Experimental: Orange juice<br>Ten healthy, normal-weight adults after 10-14 hours of fasting, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from D-glucose, tested three times, in different visits as reference food; and 50g available carbohydrates from orange juice and mixed fruit juice (consisted of apple, orange, grape, and pomegranate), each tested once, in different visits, along with 300mL water. There was a washout period of at least two days between visits. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min after beverage consumption. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first sip of drink. | Other: Orange juice<br>* Ten healthy, normal-weight subjects after 10-14 hours of fasting, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from orange juice, tested once, within 5-10min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min.<br>|
| Experimental: Mixed fruit juice<br>Ten healthy, normal-weight adults after 10-14 hours of fasting, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from D-glucose, tested three times, in different visits as reference food; and 50g available carbohydrates from orange juice and mixed fruit juice (consisted of apple, orange, grape, and pomegranate), each tested once, in different visits, along with 300mL water. There was a washout period of at least two days between visits. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min after beverage consumption. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first sip of drink. | Other: Mixed fruit juice<br>* Ten healthy, normal-weight subjects after 10-14 hours of fasting, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from mixed fruit juice (consisted of apple, orange, grape, and pomegranate), tested once, within 5-10min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Capillary blood glucose responses | Clinically useful change in blood glucose, defined as the restoration of glucose within normal limits during the 2hr glucose tolerance test | 2 hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Subjective appetite ratings | Useful change in subjective appetite using visual analogue scales with a score 0 to 10 (given in the form of booklet, one scale per page) at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The minimum or maximum score will be evaluated if it is better or worse depending on the appetite variable e.g. hunger, satiety, desire to eat, etc. | 2 hours | 
| Blood pressure | Useful change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure 2 hours post-consumption of tested beverages | 2 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
satiety, blood glucose, fruit juice, glycemic index, glycemic load