Duration of IM Injection and Pain Intensity

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study was a single-group crossover clinical trial, where each participant acted as their own control. The study aimed to describe the relationship between perceived pain and the duration of intramuscular injections

Detailed Description
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The study was a single-group crossover clinical trial, where each participant acted as their own control. The study sample included 50 patients aged 25 to 55 who met the inclusion criteria of signing an informed consent form and requiring administration of a specific antibiotic via intramuscular injection, as prescribed by physicians. Two intramuscular injections into the right and left Dorsal Gluteal Region (DRG) were recorded for each participant. One was administered by a nurse, according to the unit's routine, and took 5 seconds to complete. A day after, the same nurse gave the other injection in the opposite DGR, taking 40 seconds to administer. The five-second injections were considered the control group, while the 40 seconds injections were the intervention group. The order of interventions was randomized. The pain level was determined and recorded immediately after each injection. The study was conducted between September 2019 to November 2019 in the emergency unit of an educational hospital in Istanbul. The data was collected using a Demographic Form, Facial Expressions Scale, and Visual Comparison Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test, and Spearman correlation analysis, with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Official Title
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The Relationship Between Pain Intensity and Intramuscular Injection

Conditions
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Pain Measurement

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Duration of Intramuscular Injections


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Having a condition leads to prescribing Clindamycin 600 mg/4 ml intramuscularly Having no pain in the area of injection Absence of any tissue damage history at the site of injection Exclusion Criteria: Asking for withdrawal after signing the informed consent Intensifying the disease/condition at the time of the second injection Taking any analgesic medication before the application.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Repeated measure
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Experimental arm<br>In this group, the duration of IM injections was 40 seconds. The drug was the same for both groups, Clindamycin 600 mg/4 ml intramuscularly. | Other: Duration of Intramuscular Injections<br>* This study was a single-group crossover clinical trial, where each participant acted as their own control. Two intramuscular injections into the right and left Dorsal Gluteal Region (DRG) were recorded for each participant. One was administered by a nurse, according to the unit's routine, and took 5 seconds to complete. A day after, the same nurse gave the other injection in the opposite DGR, taking 40 seconds to administer. The five-second injections were considered the control group, while the 40 seconds injections were the intervention group. The order of interventions was randomized. The pain level was determined and recorded immediately after each injection.<br>|
| No Intervention: Active arm<br>In this group, the duration of IM injections was 10 seconds. The drug was the same for both groups, Clindamycin 600 mg/4 ml intramuscularly. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Facial Pain Expressions Scale | Between one to ten | after implamention in 1-2 seconds | 
| Visual Pain Comparison Scale | Six level: Between zero to six | after implamention in 1-2 seconds | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Nurse, Intramusculer Injection, Pain Intensity