Unmet Needs, Barriers and Facilitators to Vision Services for Children and Adolescents With Special Vision Care Needs: A Mixed-Model Design Study

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Children and adolescents with special needs, compared to those with general development, have a much higher incidence of visual impairments (10.5% vs. 0.16%). This project will focus on children and adolescents with special visual care needs, comprehensively exploring their unmet needs in ophthalmology and visual care, as well as the obstacles and facilitators they may encounter in the process of seeking ophthalmic services. The purposes of this study will investigate the current needs of children and adolescents with special visual care needs in ophthalmology and visual medical services, and the obstacles and potential facilitators encountered by children and adolescents with special visual care needs in the process of obtaining ophthalmology and visual medical services.

Detailed Description
-----------------
The research will center on children and adolescents with special visual needs and explore the research questions from various stakeholders' perspectives, including parents, special education teachers and experts, healthcare professionals, workers from related NGOs and government units. A mixed-methods research approach will be used to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. After data analysis, a comparison and interpretation between the two results will be conducted to obtain the final research outcomes. Quantitative research: Two-part questionnaire. The first part collects background information, and the second part is a Needs and Difficulties Survey, framed by Levesque et al.'s conceptual framework of access to healthcare. Qualitative research: The first part consists of semi-structured in-depth interviews, and the second part uses the focus group method. Both parts will use a common interview guideline and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Child & Youth Version (ICF-CY) as the theoretical framework.

Official Title
-----------------
Special Needs (Vision)

Conditions
-----------------
Vision Disorders

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: observational study, no intervention


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Able to read, understand, and fill out questionnaires in Chinese Able to conduct interviews in Chinese Exclusion Criteria: The special needs children or adolescents they have taught do not have specific visual needs, hence they cannot provide relevant information.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 19 Years
Maximum Age: 99 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Other: observational study, no intervention|no intervention|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| qualitative data analysis |  | 3 weeks |