Evaluation of Membrane Lung Function in High-altitude Regions

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Over the last 20 years, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used to support adult patients with respiratory or cardiac failure who are unlikely to survive conventional treatment methods. ECMO circuit, pump, and oxygenator technology improvements permit safer perfusion for extended periods. The prolonged use of an ECMO circuit increases the risk of membrane lung (ML) dysfunction. The ML is responsible for taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide. The non-biologic surface of the ML triggers inflammatory and coagulation pathways, resulting in the formation of blood clots, breakdown of fibrin, and activation of white blood cells, which ultimately leads to ML dysfunction. Coagulation and fibrinolysis activation can cause systemic coagulopathy or hemolysis, and the deposition of blood clots can block blood flow. Moreover, the accumulation of moisture in the gas phase and the buildup of protein and cellular debris in the blood phase may contribute to shunt and dead-space physiology, respectively, impairing the exchange of gases. These three categories-hematologic abnormalities, mechanical obstruction, and inadequate gas exchange-account for most ML exchanges. Worsening oxygenation during ECMO should prompt quantification of oxygen transfer. ML exchange is indicated when the ML can no longer meet the patient's oxygen demand. The partial pressure of Post-ML arterial oxygen less than 200 mmHg is the most important consideration in making this decision. In some high-altitude regions of China, ECMO treatment is also routinely conducted. The experiences above are derived from low-altitude areas, and whether they apply in high-altitude regions is still being determined. This study aimed to explore the significantly lower post-membrane oxygen partial pressure in high-altitude regions compared to low-altitude areas.

Official Title
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Evaluation of Membrane Lung Function for Patients Receiving Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in High-altitude Regions

Conditions
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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Membrane Lung Function, High Altitude

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Monitoring membrane lung function at different altitudes


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Receiving ECMO support Exclusion Criteria: Unable to obtain post-membrane blood gas Refusal to participate in the trial

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| High-altitude group<br> | Other: Monitoring membrane lung function at different altitudes<br>* The altitude in Beijing is 100m, while the altitude in Xining, Qinghai is 2600m. We will monitor the partial pressure of post-ML arterial oxygen in ECMO patients in these two locations and evaluate whether the normal values of membrane lung function are consistent in different altitudes.<br>|
| Low-altitude group<br> | Other: Monitoring membrane lung function at different altitudes<br>* The altitude in Beijing is 100m, while the altitude in Xining, Qinghai is 2600m. We will monitor the partial pressure of post-ML arterial oxygen in ECMO patients in these two locations and evaluate whether the normal values of membrane lung function are consistent in different altitudes.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Partial pressure of post-ML arterial oxygen | The partial pressure of post-ML arterial oxygen in ECMO patients | Within 3 days after ECMO support |