Neuroradiology Assesses Chiari Malformation's Impact on Airways, Cranial Base, and Sleep Disorders in Children.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The severity of sleep disorders in patients with Chiari malformations can vary. The investigators propose to establish a correlation between the severity of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and the quantitative neuroradiological data of the airways, cranial base foramina, and posterior cranial fossae

Detailed Description
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Primary objective of the study is the evaluation of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in two distinct pediatric populations of patients with Chiari Malformation Type 1 (CM-I) and Chiari Malformation Type 2 (CM-II). Secondary objectives: Stratify the presence of SDB into central and obstructive origins in the two study populations. Assess the volume of posterior cranial fossae, airway volume, and area of cranial base foramina in both groups. Determine the relationships between SDB and morphological-quantitative anomalies associated with CM.

Official Title
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Quantitative Neuroradiological Assessment of the Airways, Cranial Base Foramina, and Posterior Cranial Fossae in Children With Chiari Malformation: Relationship With Sleep Disorders

Conditions
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Malformation Brain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Magnetic Resonance
* Diagnostic Test: Polysomnographic evaluation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Children (males or females) aged between 3 years and 18 years. Clinical diagnosis of Chiari malformation 1 and 2. Presence of informed consent for the initial clinical evaluation. The investigators commit to providing appropriate informational sheets to the parents of the patients (for those included in the study) during the initial clinical evaluation. Exclusion Criteria: Chiari Malformation I and II associated with neurological diseases or craniofacial malformations. Cranial trauma or cardiac arrest. Administration of centrally acting medications within 2 weeks prior to the study, except for antiepileptic treatment for patients who have had seizures. Associated brain and cranial base tumors. Refusal to sign the informed consent for the initial clinical evaluation. The investigators commit to providing appropriate informational sheets to the parents of the patients (for those included in the study) during the initial clinical evaluation.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 3 Years
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Malformation Chiari 1<br>Magnetic Resonance | Diagnostic Test: Magnetic Resonance<br>* Magnetic Resonance<br>Diagnostic Test: Polysomnographic evaluation<br>* Polysomnographic evaluation<br>|
| Malformation Chiari 2<br>Magnetic Resonance | Diagnostic Test: Magnetic Resonance<br>* Magnetic Resonance<br>Diagnostic Test: Polysomnographic evaluation<br>* Polysomnographic evaluation<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| prevalence of SDB | The primary endpoint of the study is the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in two distinct pediatric populations of patients with CM-I and CM-II. | 3 years | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| volume of posterior cranial fossae | Evaluation of the volume of posterior cranial fossae CM-1 and CM-2, respectively, compared to an age-matched control group. | 3 years | 
| airway volume | Evaluation of the airway volume, in CM-1 and CM-2, respectively, compared to an age-matched control group | 3 years | 
| area of cranial base foramina | Evaluation of the area of cranial base foramina in CM-1 and CM-2, respectively, compared to an age-matched control group | 3 years |