Acute Effects of Various Aerobic Exercise in Allergic Rhinitis.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study was to investigate the comparison among acute effects of various aerobic exercise on symptoms in allergic rhinitis patients.

Detailed Description
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Fifteen patients with allergic rhinitis aged 18 - 45 years old. The experiment was a crossover design in which each participant was given three types of exercise: running, cycling, and swimming. The participant perform moderate intensity exercise 30 minutes/time. Physiological variables, lung function variables, allergic rhinitis symptoms variables, and cytokines level in nasal secretion variables were analyzed during pre-and post-exercise. The dependent variables between pre-test and post-test were analyzed by a paired t-test. The dependent variables between groups were analyzed by independent t-test. One way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the variables among exercise. Differences were considered to be significant at p < 0.05.

Official Title
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Acute Effects of Various Aerobic Exercise on Rhinitis Symptoms in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis.

Conditions
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Allergic Rhinitis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Running
* Other: Cycling
* Other: Swimming


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Clinical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis diseases Clinical symptoms of persistent rhinitis (nasal congestion, sneeze, nasal itching, and running nose) for more than 4 days per week. Positive skin prick test (wheal diameter>3 mm.) to house dust mite (D. pteronyssinus) and using normal saline as the negative control. Stopped taking all medicine before the study such as antihistamine for at least 3 days, oral steroid and nasal steroid for at least 2 weeks and luekotriene receptor antagonist for at least a week prior to the study, but the patients could take pseudo ephedrine. Exclusion Criteria: Asthma, Chronic rhino-sinusitis, Hypertension, Cardiovascular diseases A smoking habit

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Fifteen patients with allergic rhinitis aged 18 - 45 years old. The experiment was a crossover design in which each participant was given three types of exercise: running, cycling, and swimming. The participant perform moderate intensity exercise 30 minutes/time. Physiological variables, lung function variables, allergic rhinitis symptoms variables, and cytokines level in nasal secretion variables were analyzed during pre-and post-exercise. The dependent variables between pre-test and post-test were analyzed by a paired t-test. The dependent variables between groups were analyzed by independent t-test. One way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the variables among exercise. Differences were considered to be significant at p < 0.05.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Running<br>Running on treadmill in moderate intensity for 30 minutes | Other: Running<br>* The participant perform running on treadmill at moderate intensity exercise 30 minutes/time. Physiological variables, lung function variables, allergic rhinitis symptoms variables, and cytokines level in nasal secretion variables were analyzed during pre-and post-exercise.<br>|
| Experimental: Cycling<br>Cycling on ergometer in moderate intensity for 30 minutes | Other: Cycling<br>* The participant perform cycling on cycle ergometer at moderate intensity exercise 30 minutes/time. Physiological variables, lung function variables, allergic rhinitis symptoms variables, and cytokines level in nasal secretion variables were analyzed during pre-and post-exercise.<br>|
| Experimental: Swimming<br>Swimming in moderate in tensity for 30 minutes | Other: Swimming<br>* The participant perform swimming at moderate intensity exercise 30 minutes/time. Physiological variables, lung function variables, allergic rhinitis symptoms variables, and cytokines level in nasal secretion variables were analyzed during pre-and post-exercise.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Rhinitis symptom scores change | Nasal symptoms were assessed using Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) questionnaire. The subjects were asked to score symptoms of persistent allergic rhinitis before and after yoga training protocol. The total nasal symptom scores were computed as the sum of four individual nasal symptom scores; nasal congestion, itching, sneezing, and rhinorrhea. The scores ranged from 0 to 3 scale (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3= severe) | Change after each exercise immediately | 
| Cytokine in nasal secretion change | Nasal secretions collection was performed bilaterally with filter paper strips (7x30 mm Whatman No.42, Whatman, Clifton, NJ). Three filter paper strips were sequentially placed on each anterior portion of the inferior turbinate for 10 min. This filter paper strips were collected into appropriate tubes and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 5 min at 4 °C and immediately frozen at -70 °C until later analysis.The levels of cytokines were determined by using Sandwich ELISA technique | Change after each exercise immediately | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pulmonary functions change | The participants were asked to wear a nose clip while sitting on a chair, and the researcher gave the participants the step-by-step protocol to prevent an incorrect maneuver. For the FVC maneuver, three cycles of slow normal breathing were performed before demonstrating forced inspiration and expiration. | Change after each exercise immediately | 
| Respiratory muscle strength change | Respiratory muscle strength was assessed by measuring Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) and Maximal Expiratory Pressure (MEP) in cmH2O. The participants were in a sitting position using a portable handheld mouth pressure meter (i.e., MicroRPM) with a nose clip. For the MIP measurement, the participants were asked to exhale until they felt no air remaining in their lungs (starting with the functional residual capacity [FRC] point), then held the device on their mouth and inhaled forcefully for 1-2 seconds. For the MEP measurement, the participants were asked to inhale until their lungs were completely filled with air (starting with the total lung capacity [TLC] point), then they kept the device on their mouth and exhaled forcefully for 1-2 seconds | Change after each exercise immediately | 
| Peak nasal inspiratory flow change | The subjects placed a mask, which is turned onto a plastic cylinder through which the air passes during inspiration, over the nose and mouth and inspired forcefully through the nose, with lips tightly closed. Inside the cylinder, there is a diaphragm that moves to the airflow, and the maximum peak flow is registered in a scale range from 30-370 L/min. During the procedure, the subjects placed a mask over the nose and mouth and inspired forcefully through the nose, with lips tightly closed. | Change after each exercise immediately | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Allergic rhinits, Cytokines, Aerobic exercise, Rhinitis symptoms