Application of Hyperspectral Imaging in the Diagnosis of Glomerular Diseases

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Morning urine samples of patients with IgA nephropathy, idiopathic membranous nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, and minimal degenerative nephropathy confirmed by renal needle biopsy in our hospital from November 2020 to January 2022 were collected. By scanning the morning urine samples of corresponding patients with microhyperspectral imager, machine learning and deep learning were used to classify microhyperspectral images, and the classification accuracy was greater than 85%. Thus, hyperspectral imaging technology could be used as a non-invasive diagnostic means to assist the diagnosis of glomerular diseases.

Official Title
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Application of Hyperspectral Imaging in the Diagnosis of Glomerular Diseases

Conditions
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Glomerulonephritis, IGA, Glomerulonephritis, Membranous, Diabetic Nephropathies, Nephrosis, Lipoid, Hyperspectral Imaging

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Microscopic hyperspectral imaging system


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Over 18 years old; Patients with IgA nephropathy, idiopathic membranous nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, minimal change nephropathy confirmed by renal biopsy; Had not received hormone and/or immunosuppressive therapy before renal biopsy; Complete clinical data, all signed the Admission Certificate of Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, and agreed to use relevant medical information, biological specimen examination and examination results for scientific research. Exclusion Criteria: There are factors causing secondary membranous nephropathy, such as immune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus), tumors/infections (viral hepatitis), drugs or poisons, etc.; Severe infection: fever, cough and expectoration, sore throat, abdominal pain, diarrhea, carbuncle and furuncle and other clinical manifestations of skin and soft tissue infection, blood routine white blood cell count beyond the normal range (10×109/L); Severe cardiovascular disease: including chronic heart failure grade 3 or above and various arrhythmias; Infectious diseases: active hepatitis, AIDS, syphilis, etc. ; Tumor evidence: it has been found that there is a certain tumor or clinical manifestations, tumor markers, etc., suggesting the possibility of tumor.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 90 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| diabetic nephropathy<br>Urine samples were collected from patients with IgA nephropathy, idiopathic membranous nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy and minimal change nephropathy. The samples were centrifuged and frozen in a refrigerator at -80 degrees Celsius. The images were divided into a training set and a test set at a fixed ratio. The digital images were input into classification models such as one-dimensional convolutional neural network to learn and test. The training set was used for the training and parameter iteration of the artificial intelligence non-invasive fluid diagnosis model, and the test set was used for the recognition and interpretation of the model. The confusion matrix, accuracy and ROC curve were calculated through the interpretation results to evaluate the performance of the model. | Diagnostic Test: Microscopic hyperspectral imaging system<br>* Microscopic hyperspectral imaging system<br>|
| minimal change nephropathy<br>Urine samples were collected from patients with IgA nephropathy, idiopathic membranous nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy and minimal change nephropathy. The samples were centrifuged and frozen in a refrigerator at -80 degrees Celsius. The images were divided into a training set and a test set at a fixed ratio. The digital images were input into classification models such as one-dimensional convolutional neural network to learn and test. The training set was used for the training and parameter iteration of the artificial intelligence non-invasive fluid diagnosis model, and the test set was used for the recognition and interpretation of the model. The confusion matrix, accuracy and ROC curve were calculated through the interpretation results to evaluate the performance of the model. | Diagnostic Test: Microscopic hyperspectral imaging system<br>* Microscopic hyperspectral imaging system<br>|
| IgA nephropathy<br>Urine samples were collected from patients with IgA nephropathy, idiopathic membranous nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy and minimal change nephropathy. The samples were centrifuged and frozen in a refrigerator at -80 degrees Celsius. The images were divided into a training set and a test set at a fixed ratio. The digital images were input into classification models such as one-dimensional convolutional neural network to learn and test. The training set was used for the training and parameter iteration of the artificial intelligence non-invasive fluid diagnosis model, and the test set was used for the recognition and interpretation of the model. The confusion matrix, accuracy and ROC curve were calculated through the interpretation results to evaluate the performance of the model. | Diagnostic Test: Microscopic hyperspectral imaging system<br>* Microscopic hyperspectral imaging system<br>|
| idiopathic membranous nephropathy<br>Urine samples were collected from patients with IgA nephropathy, idiopathic membranous nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy and minimal change nephropathy. The samples were centrifuged and frozen in a refrigerator at -80 degrees Celsius. The images were divided into a training set and a test set at a fixed ratio. The digital images were input into classification models such as one-dimensional convolutional neural network to learn and test. The training set was used for the training and parameter iteration of the artificial intelligence non-invasive fluid diagnosis model, and the test set was used for the recognition and interpretation of the model. The confusion matrix, accuracy and ROC curve were calculated through the interpretation results to evaluate the performance of the model. | Diagnostic Test: Microscopic hyperspectral imaging system<br>* Microscopic hyperspectral imaging system<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Microhyperspectral image of urine specimen | Microhyperspectral images of urine samples from patients with four different glomerular diseases before treatment | 2023.4-2023.10 |