Alternative Haemodiafiltration in Summer Season for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Hemodiafiltration is a renal replacement technique combining diffusion and convection to enhance solute removal. Post dialyser replacement fluid is administered to achieve the target fluid balance. The skin is the largest human organ playing an important role in thermal and Na regulation and skin blood flow is 8.5-10%of cardiac output .

Detailed Description
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Sweat contains electrolytes, creatinine and urea, with higher excretion by mild physical exercise. These findings motivate studies investigating the effect of stimulated sweating on volume control in kidney disease patients. Using sweat as the vehicle for removing molecules normally excreted in the urine was identified some decades ago. sweat urea concentration could reach 5.5 to 50 times the serum concentration . Physical inactivity was reported as the fourth leading cause of death from chronic disease worldwide. Warm water immersion (37-46◦C) increases limb blood flow, and muscle heating activates regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis. water immersion represent diffusion .the average person sweats between (0.8- 1.4) liters during an hour of exercise, drinking water represent water replacement . Particularly, urea concentrations in sweat are persistently elevated in uremic patients. The 24-hour urinary urea excretion in summer was 1/4 the quantity in winter in uremic patients, indicating the compensatory urea excretion in sweat gland fluid . Sweat glands are inactive except above 29°C, due to a concentration gradient within the stratum corneum, results in continuous water convection from within the body through the skin and into the environment. In our study we stimulate sweating of chronic kidney disease patients through mild physical activity as walking then they immersied in water to enhance waste excretion through skin.Evaluation of these patients will be done through following up blood pressure,laboratory investigations as kidney function test sodium, potassium,phosphorus levels and uric acid.

Official Title
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Alternative Haemodiafiltration in Summer Season for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Conditions
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Sweating

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: water immersion


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: chronic kidney disease group: stage 3,4 Age(18-60)yrs old. Not on dialysis. Without uremic symptoms nor standard indication for dialysis Exclusion Criteria: History of cerebrovascular accidents. History of advanced cardiac disease (heart failure, recent acute coronary syndrome, and cardiac arrhythmia). Active skin lesion volume overload. 5- advanced liver cirrhosis, respiratory failure, and malignancy.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Screening
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Chronic kidney disease stage 3,4
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: chronic kidney disease patients stage 3 and 4<br>50 chronic kidney disease patients stage 3 and 4 will perform mild exercise and water immersion | Behavioral: water immersion<br>* mild physical activity then water immersion in tub<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| assessment of improvement of kidney function test( urea and creatinine) | kidney function test (serum urea and creatinine im mg\dl) will measured before the procedure with weekly follow up | 1 year | 
| assess improvement of blood pressure | follow up blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure in mm hg) | 1 year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| assessment of improvement in serum potassium level | measure potassium level in mmol\L with weekly follow up | 1 year |