Investigation on the Efficacy of Oral Carnitine Challenge Test Based on a Gut Microbiota Functional Test

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
This study seeks to enlist healthy volunteers to form a validation cohort. The purpose is to confirm the observed correlations between the gut microbiome and the capacity to produce trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which will be assessed using the oral carnitine challenge test (OCCT).

Detailed Description
-----------------
Carnitine, a nutrient widely found in meat, can promote the use of fatty acids by mitochondria to produce energy in the human body. It was previously thought to be beneficial in helping the body consume fat for energy and might be helpful for muscle training or weight loss. However, some human populations have harmful bacteria in their intestines that compete with the body for the use of carnitine. These bacteria metabolize carnitine to produce potentially harmful Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). This might be one of the reasons why long-term consumption of red meat, which is rich in carnitine, is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, understanding the functional state of one's gut microbiota and whether it is suitable to consume foods rich in carnitine can greatly aid in long-term dietary and health planning. In recent years, we have established an oral carnitine challenge test that (OCCT) can distinguish whether the intestinal bacteria in a subject produce a large amount of TMAO in the body. This was published in the Gut journal in 2019 and is expected to provide dietary or nutritional supplement recommendations for personalized nutrition for the test subjects. However, the value of the carnitine challenge test in distinguishing between high TMAO producers and low TMAO producers, and whether it can serve as an effective reference for whether a subject is suitable to consume large amounts of meat or take carnitine supplements, still needs further experimental verification. This study seeks to enlist healthy volunteers to form a validation cohort. The purpose is to confirm the observed correlations between the gut microbiome and the capacity to produce TMAO, which will be assessed using the OCCT.

Official Title
-----------------
Investigation on the Efficacy of Oral Carnitine Challenge Test Based on a Gut Microbiota Functional Test

Conditions
-----------------
Dysbiosis, Healthy

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Diagnostic Test: oral carnitine challenge test


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: adults aged 20 and above who are willing to participate in the trial. Exclusion Criteria: Under the age of 20 History of gastrointestinal surgery History of malignant tumors Those who have used antibiotics, probiotics, or carnitine supplements within the past month will be excluded Liver cirrhosis End-stage kidney disease

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 20 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Diagnostic Test: oral carnitine challenge test|Urine samples will be collected to quantify trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels at four time points: before, and 24, 48, and 72 hours after the oral administration of 1500 mg of L-carnitine.|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) production capacity measured by oral carnitine challenge test (OCCT) | The area under the curve of TMAO levels under OCCT | at enrollment | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Correlations between the gut microbiome and the capacity to produce TMAO | The gut microbiome indicated microbial genes and taxonomies measured by shotgun metagenome sequencing whereas TMAO producing capacity was measured by OCCT. | at enrollment |