Diagnostic Value of Serum Cathepsin S and Chromogranin A in DKD

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Evulate the diagnostic value of serum cathepsin S and chromogranin A for Diabetic kidney disease. To correlate the levels of serum Cathepsin S and chromogranin A with HbA1c and eGFR in type 2 diabetic patients based on urinary Albumin- Creatinine Ratio.

Detailed Description
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Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common and serious complication of diabetes and has been shown to be a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), requiring costly renal replacement therapy in the form of dialysis or transplantation . It is appreciated that up to 40% of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) present DN . Early detection and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent disability and death. Cathepsin S (Cat-S) was a secreted cysteine proteolytic enzyme that is mainly expressed in macrophages. Macrophages undergoing chemotaxis adhere to the basement membrane of blood vessels and secrete Cat-S, and the secreted Cat-S was involved in hydrolysis of elastin, laminin, collagen and other extracellular matrix components, causing vascular damage . So, Cathepsin S(Cat-S), a novel non-invasive diagnostic marker mediates vascular endothelial dysfunction. In recent years, studies have shown that up regulation of Cat-S was associated with the development of IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, insulin resistance, diabetes and other renal diseases. Chromogranin A (CgA) is the main member of the chromogranin family and is an acidic glycoprotein consisting of 439 amino acids with an approximate molecular mass of 48 kDa. CgA is used as a diagnostic marker of neuroendocrine tumors(6). The kidney is the main site for the removal of CgA, and it is retained in serum with declining renal function. In patients with renal failure, serum CgA increases much more than creatinine and the other studied low-MW proteins.

Official Title
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Diagnostic Value of Serum Cathepsin S and Chromogranin A in Diabetic Kidney Disease

Conditions
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Diabetic Kidney Disease

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: cathepsin S and chromogranin A


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: patients diagnosed as type 2 Diabetes mellitus Patients with T2DM with normoalbuminuria , microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. Exclusion Criteria: Renal impairment of other Known origin, Type 1 D, Hepatic disease, Heart failure, Thyroid disorders, Autoimmune disorders, Inflammatory condition, Malignancy, Urinary tract infection, Pregnancy.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Diagnostic Test: cathepsin S and chromogranin A|Diagnostic value of serum Cathepsin S and Chromogranin A|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Evulate the diagnostic value of serum cathepsin S and chromogranin A for Diabetic kidney disease. | Evaluation of the clinical utility of the measurement of the level of Cathepsin S and chromogranin A in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. | Baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| correlate the levels of serum Cathepsin S and chromogranin A with HbA1c and eGFR in type 2 diabetic patients based on urinary Albumin- Creatinine Ratio. | Studying the correlation of the levels of serum Cathepsin S and chromogranin A with HbA1c and eGFR in type 2 diabetic patients based on urinary Albumin- Creatinine Ratio. | Baseline |