The Foot Posture and Falling Risk in Older People

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
This research will be conducted to examine the relationship between the foot postures and fall risks of elderly individuals living in nursing homes, to identify the factors that most affect the risk of falling, and to inform healthcare professionals working on this subject. Factors that may increase the risk of falling will be determined from the biomechanical changes that occur in the foot with age. In addition, the results we obtain will contribute to the database to be created in the future to identify factors affecting the risk of falling.

Detailed Description
-----------------
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between foot postures and fall risks of elderly individuals living in nursing homes, to identify the factors that most affect the risk of falling and to inform healthcare professionals on this subject. Participants included in the research will be grouped in three ways according to their gender, disease status and whether they use medication or not. The disease conditions of the participants will be handled in two ways: direct and indirect disease groups due to falls. The researchers will evaluate the cognitive status of the participants with the Standardized Mini Mental State Test, balance and fall risks of the participants with the One Leg Standing Test and the 8 Step Up and Go Test and foot postures of the participants with the Foot Posture Index. A power analysis was conducted to determine the number of participants required for the research. According to the power analysis result; It was found that the minimum number of participants required to be included in the study for one-way analysis of variance with an effect size of 0.3, α= 0.05, and 85% power was 126. Ethics committee approval for the research was received by the researchers from Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Health Sciences Ethics Committee on 05.01.2020 with research number 2020-600. Later, the researchers made the necessary applications to conduct this study in Karadeniz Ereğli İzmirlioğlu Nursing Home, affiliated with the Zonguldak Provincial Directorate of Family and Social Services. However, due to the Covid-19 pandemic that affected the whole world, permission approval for the study for the Karadeniz Ereğli İzmirlioğlu Nursing Home was given to the researchers by the Zonguldak Provincial Directorate of Family and Social Services on January 21, 2022. In the preliminary examination conducted by the researchers, it was determined that the number of people required to be included in the study could not be reached from only one nursing home. For this reason, the researchers again applied to Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Health Sciences Ethics Committee with the request to add new nursing homes to the study. In order to expand the scope of the research and conduct it in Zonguldak Center and Çaycuma Nursing Homes, a new ethics committee permission was obtained with the decision of Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Health Sciences Ethics Committee dated 09.06.22 and numbered 10/960. Later, the researchers made the necessary applications to conduct this study in Zonguldak Center and Çaycuma Nursing Homes affiliated with the Zonguldak Provincial Directorate of Family and Social Services. Permission approval to conduct the study in Zonguldak Center and Çaycuma Nursing Homes was given to the researchers by the Zonguldak Provincial Directorate of Family and Social Services on August 11, 2022. Participants who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, aged 65 and over, living in Zonguldak Center and Çaycuma Nursing Home, will be included in the research.

Official Title
-----------------
The Foot Posture and Falling Risk in Older People

Conditions
-----------------
Aged

Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: 65 years and older Scoring 24 and above from the Mini Mental State Test Completing the 8 step up and go test in the Senior Fitness Test Protocol Exclusion Criteria: Those who need the use of auxiliary tools in performing daily life activities, Those who are in the recovery period of an acute disease, Cancer patients known to be life-threatening, Cardiovascular problem (previous congestive heart failure, transient ischemic attacks), Parkinson's disease, Stroke history in the last 6 months Progressive neuromuscular disease, Acute inner ear inflammation and severe hearing loss, Those who have lost their eyesight enough to be unable to read the test protocol and see the movements in the test, Those who have a fall story in the last year, Those who are in a structured exercise program more than three times a week (not physically active), Those with chronic orthopedic diseases

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------
What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mini Mental State Test | For Individuals; A questionnaire consisting of 2 questions about recording memory, 1 about attention and calculation, 1 about remembering, 6 questions about language, 10 questions about orientation and a maximum total score of 30 will be applied. From the MMDT scores; 28-30 range; high normal, 24-27 range indicates low cognitive function, and 0-23 range indicates impaired cognitive status. | Baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Eight Step Up and Go Test included in the Senior Fitness Test: | It is performed at a distance of 2.44 cm, using a chair with a straight back and no armrest with a seat height of 43.18 cm, a meter, a cone, a stopwatch with an accuracy of 1/10 second. When the individual gets up from the chair with the start command while sitting position, the stopwatch is started with the command. The individual is asked to turn around the cue point at a distance of 2.44 cm as quickly as possible, but without running, and reach the chair again. | Baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Foot, Falls, Aged