Leflunomide for Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
This study conducted a prospective, multicenter, one-arm clinical trial on the combination of leflunomide and steroid therapy for refractory skin Henoch-Schonlein Purpura in children on the basis of ethical principles. A one-year follow-up was conducted to evaluate the changes in the main indicators (frequency of rash recurrence) and secondary indicators (proportion of kidney damage, proportion of joint involvement, T lymphocyte subpopulations, and inflammatory factors) before and after treatment, Exploring the safety and effectiveness of leflunomide in the treatment of refractory skin type HSP in children, it is expected that leflunomide combined with conventional treatment can improve the remission rate of HSP children's skin purpura and reduce HSP recurrence. The research results are expected to bring new treatment methods and strategies for this group of patients.

Official Title
-----------------
Leflunomide for Refractory Skin Henoch-Schonlein Purpura in Children

Conditions
-----------------
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Drug: Leflunomide


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Age ranges from 1 to 18 years old; Patients meet the HSP diagnostic criteria; Refractory skin type HSP: Rashes are dense and large in area, often treated with antibiotics, antihistamines, calcium supplements, and glucocorticoids (2 mg/kg/d) for 5 days. The rash does not subside or fresh rash still appears, and frequently repeated more than 3 times during hospitalization. Parents or guardians agree to treatment and sign a written informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: Individuals who are allergic to leflunomide; Concomitant severe underlying diseases (such as systemic malignancy, heart failure, liver and kidney failure, immune deficiency, severe infectious diseases, organ transplant surgery, or other current indications for emergency surgery); Patients with other digestive system diseases; Those who have previously used flumiphene in clinical trials; Excluding purpura caused by drugs, infectious factors, and other autoimmune diseases. Other situations where the researcher deems it inappropriate to participate in the study.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 1 Year
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Refractory skin Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Administration of Leflunomide in refractory skin Henoch-Schonlein purpura<br>Rashes are dense and large in area, often treated with antibiotics, antihistamines, calcium supplements, and glucocorticoids (2 mg/kg/d) for 5 days. The rash does not subside or new rash still appears, and it frequently repeats more than 3 times during hospitalization. | Drug: Leflunomide<br>* When patients appeared with rashes and treated with antibiotics, antihistamines, calcium supplements, and glucocorticoids (2 mg/kg/d) for 5 days. The rashes do not subside or fresh rash still appears, and it frequently repeats more than 3 times during hospitalization. Leflunomide would be administered<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Rash frequency | Rash frequency in a months | 12 months | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Leflunomide, Henoch-Schonlein Purpura, Children, Efficacy