Effectiveness of Two Simulation-Based Functional Nasopharyngoscopic Velopharyngeal Assessment Trainings

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this clinical trial was to compare the effectiveness of functional nasopharyngoscopic velopharyngeal assessment training given to undergraduate speech and language therapy students on a 3D printed endoscopy training model and a ready-made endoscopy training model.

Official Title
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Investigation of the Effectiveness of Simulation-Based Functional Nasopharyngoscopic Velopharyngeal Assessment Trainings Given to Speech and Language Therapy Students

Conditions
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Simulation Training

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Nasopharyngoscopic Velopharyngeal Training with 3D Printed Endoscopy Training Model
* Behavioral: Nasopharyngoscopic Velopharyngeal Training with Ready-Made Endoscopy Training Model


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: To be a 4th year undergraduate student of speech and language therapy To have taken the course of cleft lip and palate or an equivalent course Exclusion Criteria: Receiving previous hand-on flexible endoscopy training Having any health problem in the upper extremities
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: 3D Printed Endoscopy Training Model Group<br> | Behavioral: Nasopharyngoscopic Velopharyngeal Training with 3D Printed Endoscopy Training Model<br>* Theoretical training: The theoretical training covers the anatomy and physiology of the velopharyngeal region and nasal cavity, nasopharyngoscope, preparation of the patient for nasopharyngoscopy, use of the endoscope during nasopharyngoscopy and the procedure for nasopharyngoscopic velopharyngeal function assessment. Practical training: At the beginning of the hands-on training, the device will be introduced to the participants. Basic information will be given about endoscopy device. Then, the principal investigator will give information about the use of the endoscope (patient instructions, holding the endoscope, placement of the endoscope in the nose, manipulation of the endoscope, anatomical structures in the nasal cavity and velopharyngeal region, velopharyngeal function assessment) on the 3D printed endoscopy training model. Participants will receive hands-on training on the 3D printed endoscopy training model, under the guidance of the principal investigator.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Ready-Made Endoscopy Training Model Group<br> | Behavioral: Nasopharyngoscopic Velopharyngeal Training with Ready-Made Endoscopy Training Model<br>* Theoretical training: The theoretical training covers the anatomy and physiology of the velopharyngeal region and nasal cavity, nasopharyngoscope, preparation of the patient for nasopharyngoscopy, use of the endoscope during nasopharyngoscopy and the procedure for nasopharyngoscopic velopharyngeal function assessment. Practical training: At the beginning of the hands-on training, the device will be introduced to the participants. Basic information will be given about endoscopy device. Then, the principal investigator will give information about the use of the endoscope (patient instructions, holding the endoscope, placement of the endoscope in the nose, manipulation of the endoscope, anatomical structures in the nasal cavity and velopharyngeal region, velopharyngeal function assessment) on the ready-made endoscopy training model. Participants will receive hands-on training on the ready-made endoscopy training model, under the guidance of the principal investigator.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Nasopharyngoscopic Velopharyngeal Evaluation Clinician Experience | A 9-question perceptual survey was created to evaluate the participants' self-confidence and self-competence in performing nasopharyngoscopic velopharyngeal evaluation. The survey was adapted from a 5-point Likert-type survey previously used in simulation-based transnasal endoscopy training on swallowing assessment (Benadom & Potter, 2011). | 2 Months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Procedure time | This is the time from the moment the endoscope enters the nostril until it reaches the point of visualization of the velopharyngeal sphincter. This time does not include the time the endoscope is removed from the nose and reinserted. | 2 Months | 
| Volunteer Experience for Nasopharyngoscopic Velopharyngeal Evaluation | A 6-question survey was created to allow volunteers to perceptually assess the competence and confidence of the clinician after the endoscope was administered to the volunteers. The survey was adapted from a 5-point Likert-type survey previously used in simulation-based transnasal endoscopy training in swallowing assessment (Benadom & Potter, 2011). | 2 Months | 
| Training Satisfaction Survey | A training satisfaction survey consisting of a total of 7 questions (four Likert-type and three open-ended question) was created to learn the evaluations of the participants regarding the importance, effectiveness, appropriateness and satisfaction level of the simulation trainings. The survey was adapted from the form created by Uz-Hasırcı (2020). | 2 Months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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simulation, nasopharyngoscopy training, speech and language therapy