The Effect of Sock Developed With Wearable Technology for TUR Surgery Patients on Hypothermia and Venous Thromboembolism

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the sock to be developed with wearable technology for patients who will undergo TUR surgery on the development of hypothermia and VTE. The population of the study will consist of patients who will undergo TUR surgery between 01 October 2023 and 01 October 2024. patients will be included in the study. The study was planned as a prospective, two-arm (1:1), randomised controlled, double-blind clinical trial. The data will be collected with the Descriptive Characteristics Form and Hypothermia Monitoring Form. The hypothermia follow-up form includes Shivering Level Diagnosis Form and Temperature Comfort Perception Scale The descriptive variables of the patients included in the study will be expressed as mean ± standard deviation and median (maximum-minimum), percentage and frequency. In data analysis; dependent and independent t test will be used when parametric test preconditions are met. Changes in body temperature measurements obtained after wearing socks to be developed with wearable technology, repeated measurements, analysis of variance (Repeated ANOVA) if parametric, Friedman test if non-parametric, and post-hoc test will be used in intra-group multiple comparison analyses as further analysis. Post hoc power analysis will be performed after the sample size reaches 70.

Detailed Description
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The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the sock to be developed with wearable technology for patients who will undergo TUR surgery on the development of hypothermia and VTE. The population of the study will consist of patients who will undergo TUR surgery between 01October 2023 and 01 October 2024. patients will be included in the study. The study was planned as a prospective, two-arm (1:1), randomised controlled, double-blind clinical trial. The data will be collected with the Descriptive Characteristics Form and Hypothermia Monitoring Form. The hypothermia follow-up form includes Shivering Level Diagnosis Form and Temperature Comfort Perception Scale .Control group: Patients will be fitted with antiembolitic socks in the ward, and the control group will be fitted with the same looking socks developed before the patient is sent to the operating theatre and will be removed one day after the operation. In the study, the same-looking socks will be applied to all patients by the same coordinator. Verbal and written permission will be obtained from the patient/relative before the study is started. The data obtained from the patients will be recorded in the Descriptive Characteristics Form and Hypothermia Monitoring Form before TUR. Study group: In addition to the routine treatment and care practices of the operating theatre, the patients included in the study group will wear antiembolytic socks and a heater sock to be developed with wearable technology. After the patients are fitted with antiembolitic socks in the ward, the socks to be developed with wearable technology will be fitted to the study group before the patient is sent to the operating theatre and will be removed one day after the operation. The socks to be used in the research (socks with the same appearance as the heating socks developed with wearable technology) will be developed by the researchers and a patent application will be made. The socks to be developed with wearable technology in the study will be applied to all patients by the same responsible researcher. Verbal and written consent will be obtained from the patient/relative before the start of the study. The data obtained from the patients will be recorded in the Descriptive Characteristics Form and Hypothermia Monitoring Form before TUR. The Hypothermia Monitoring Form will be filled in when the patients' vital signs are taken into the operating room, after anaesthesia is given, at the 15th, 30th and 60th minutes of the surgical procedure, at the end of the surgical procedure, when they come to the recovery room, and when they are transferred from the recovery room to the ward.The descriptive variables of the patients included in the study will be expressed as mean ± standard deviation and median (maximum-minimum), percentage and frequency. In data analysis; dependent and independent t test will be used when parametric test preconditions are met. Changes in body temperature measurements obtained after wearing socks to be developed with wearable technology, repeated measurements, analysis of variance (Repeated ANOVA) if parametric, Friedman test if non-parametric, and post-hoc test will be used in intra-group multiple comparison analyses as further analysis. Post hoc power analysis will be performed after the sample size reaches 70.

Official Title
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The Effect of Sock Developed wıth Wearable Technology for Patıents Undergoıng Transurethral Resectıon Surgery on the Development of Hypothermıa and Venous Thromboembolısm

Conditions
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Nurse, Transurethral Resection, Wearable Devices, Venous Thromboembolism, Hypothermia

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Socks Developed with Wearable Technology


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Written and verbal permission to participate in the study was obtained, Conscious, orientated and co-operative, Who speaks and understands Turkish, Undergoing TUR surgery, Not hypothermic in the preoperative period, No peripheral vascular disease, Not allergic to sock material, Patients without devices that send electric current into the body (pacemaker, etc.) Exclusion Criteria: Written and verbal permission to participate in the research could not be obtained, Unconscious, disorientated and uncooperative, Speaking Turkish and not understanding it, No TUR surgery, Hypothermic in the pre-operative period, With peripheral vascular disease, Allergic to sock material Patients with devices that send electric current into the body (pacemaker, etc.)
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Prospective, two-arm (1:1), randomised controlled, double-blind clinical trial
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: EXPERIMENTAL GROUP<br>In addition to the routine treatment and care practices of the operating theatre, the patients included in the study group will wear antiembolytic socks and warming socks to be developed with wearable technology. After the antiembolitic socks are put on the patients in the ward, the socks to be developed with wearable technology will be put on the study group before they are sent to the operating theatre and will be removed one day after the operation. The socks to be used in the research (heating socks developed with wearable technology will be developed by the researchers and patent application will be made. The application of socks to be developed with wearable technology in the research will be applied to all patients by the same executive. Verbal and written consent will be obtained from the patient/relative before the start of the study. | Device: Socks Developed with Wearable Technology<br>* This new material will have the ability to prevent hypothermia by rewarming the patient when the body temperature drops below 360C and will reduce the risk of DVT that may develop in patients due to hypothermia. Thus, a single material will be used for two important complications of the surgical process, such as hypothermia and DVT, which negatively affect patient outcomes. This situation suggests that this material developed with an innovative approach will be more cost effective.<br>|
| No Intervention: CONTROL GROUP<br>In the control group, the same looking sock will be worn before the patient is sent to the operating theatre and will be removed one day after the operation. The sock to be used in the research will be developed by the researchers and a patent application will be made. Verbal and written consent will be obtained from the patient/relative before the start of the study. The data obtained from the patients will be recorded in the Introductory Characteristics Form and Hypothermia Monitoring Form before the TUR. The application of socks to be developed with wearable technology will be carried out in accordance with the following application steps. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Body temperature | Hypothermia Monitoring Form: It is a form in which the body temperature, shivering level and temperature comfort perception of the patients and the time when the body temperature reached 360C in the postoperative period are recorded. Body temperature is recorded preoperatively (when the patient comes to the operating theatre preop preparation room, when the patient is taken to the operating room), intraoperatively (when anaesthesia is given, at the 30th and 60th minutes of the surgical intervention, at the end of the surgery). The level of shivering and temperature comfort perception will be measured preoperatively (when the patient comes to the operating theatre preop preparation room, when the patient is taken to the operating room) and postoperatively (when the patient comes to the recovery room, when the patient is transferred from the recovery room to the ward). | Perioperative period | 
| Shivering level | Tremor Level Diagnosis Form: The form, which Badjaita et al. (2008) determined the criteria by observation, determines the level of tremor according to the tremor in the extremities between 0 (no tremor) and 3 (severe tremor in the trunk, lower and upper extremities) points. | Perioperative period | 
| Comfort perception | Temperature Comfort Perception Scale: It is a visual analogue scale developed by Wagner (2006) to provide objective assessment of temperature comfort perception. In the scale, the level of temperature comfort perception is evaluated between 0 (extremely cold) - 10 (extremely hot) according to the patient's report. | Perioperative period | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Development of venous thromboembolism | Descriptive Characteristics Form: In the form prepared by the researchers in line with the literature, VTE development status will be questioned and recorded during hospitalisation. | Perioperative period | 
| Descriptive Characteristics | Descriptive Characteristics Form: The form created by the researcher in line with the literature consists of questions about the age, gender, educational status of the patients and the characteristics of the procedure. | Perioperative period | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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transurethral resection, Wearable devices, venous thromboembolism, hypothermia, nurse