The Effect of Cognitive Functions on Upper Extremity Functionality in Parkinson's Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Parkinson's Disease (PD), first described by James Parkinson in 1817, is a progressive movement disorder that develops mainly as a result of the destruction of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. The aim of our study is to determine the effect of cognitive functions on upper extremity functionality in individuals with Parkinson's Disease.

Detailed Description
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Parkinson's Disease (PD), first described by James Parkinson in 1817, is a progressive movement disorder that develops mainly as a result of the destruction of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Involvement of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons is associated with the motor manifestations of the disease. The most common of these symptoms are; resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and balance disorder. However, non-motor symptoms related to the involvement of nervous system structures other than the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system can be observed in PD. However, due to the predominance of motor symptoms in PD, it took many years to notice cognitive changes. Traditionally, cognitive impairments in PD have been expected to occur in the advanced stages of the disease. However, cognitive impairments in the early stages are reported in approximately 30-35% of patients. Cognitive dysfunction is defined in PD, ranging from mild impairments in certain cognitive domains to severe dementia. Cognitive impairment primarily affects executive and visuospatial functions, and memory is secondarily affected. Executive functions are higher cognitive processes that use and modify information from many cortical sensory systems in the fore and hindbrain areas to modulate and teach behavior. The frontal cortex, especially the prefrontal cortex and its striatal connections are very important neuroanatomical regions for executive functions. The relationship between the effects of cognition and motor performance and parameters in groups such as the elderly, PD and Alzheimer's patients in which these centers are affected has been an issue that has attracted the attention of many researchers. Most of the studies have focused on the lower extremity performance of cognition. However , it has been reported that cognition has positive effects on upper extremity performance and early acquired upper extremity skills have positive effects on cognitive performance . The aim of our study is to determine the effect of cognitive functions on upper extremity functionality in individuals with Parkinson's Disease.

Official Title
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The Effect of Cognitive Functions on Upper Extremity Functionality in Parkinson's Patients

Conditions
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Parkinson, Cognitive Impairment, Upper Extremity Problem, Functional Disturbance

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: clinical assessment


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Having a diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease. Not having hearing and vision problems. To be able to take the commands required for the manual dexterity tests. Agree to participate in the study. Exclusion Criteria: Having undergone musculoskeletal surgery for the upper extremity. Having vision and hearing problems. Having an additional disease that may affect cognitive tests.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 30 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: patient and age-gender matched healthy groups
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: patient group<br>parkınson patient group | Diagnostic Test: clinical assessment<br>* clinical staging<br>* Other names: modifiye hoehn yahr;|
| Other: healthy group<br>age-gender matched healthy group | Diagnostic Test: clinical assessment<br>* clinical staging<br>* Other names: modifiye hoehn yahr;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Modified Hoehn Yahr Scale | Used for clinical staging of Parkinson's disease | 1 year | 
| Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale | Used for the evaluation of clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease | 1 year | 
| Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-PDQ 39 | Used to assess the quality of life of Parkinson's patients | 1 year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Stroop Test | measures the selective attention ability of individuals | 1 year | 
| Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised | To assess attention, learning, memory and working memory in individuals aged 16-89 | 1 year | 
| Dexterity Questionnaire-24 | To assess manuel dexterity | 1 year | 
| Nine Hole Peg Test | To assess manuel dexterity | 1 year | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Parkinson, Cognitive function, Upper extremity