All in the Family: Promoting Family Function Through Physical Activity

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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While the primary aim is to improve family functioning via child moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and parent-child co-physical activity (PA), the proposed driver of these outcomes is parental support of child PA. Most theoretical models applied to understand parental support in family interventions have been social cognitive in nature, where intention is considered the proximal antecedent to behavior, it is not surprising that past approaches in family PA promotion center heavily on the antecedents of intention such as attitudes and perceived control. Nevertheless, a low correlation between intention and behavior in parental support of child PA has been demonstrated Thus, there is a need to continue to improve the effectiveness of family-based interventions in ways to sustain initial behavioral changes. Family-based promotion initiatives are also very timely because parents and children represent low activity groups

Detailed Description
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The primary objective of this study is to test the efficacy of three Physical Activity (PA) parenting support promotion approaches on key family function outcomes (e.g., cohesion, organization) among parents of children who were not participating in regular PA at baseline of the study. The secondary objectives are to examine whether these approaches: 1) produce differences in child moderate-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and parent-child intergenerational PA, and 2) predict PA using the Multi-Process Action Control Framework (MPAC) augmented to include family social PA identity. Primary Question: Does 1) the promotion of a PA parenting identities+self-regulation skills+education (ID) increase family function outcomes (particularly family cohesion, and family organization) compared with 2) promotion of PA parenting self-regulation skills+education (SR), and 3) an education about PA control condition (ED)? Secondary Question: Does 1) the ID condition increase child moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and parent-child co-PA compared with 2) the SR condition and 3) the ED condition? Hypothesis: The ID condition will show significantly larger changes in these PA outcomes compared to the two other conditions after six-months (primary end-point). Further, the SR condition will show significantly larger changes in PA outcomes compared to the ED condition after six-months.

Official Title
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All in the Family: Promoting Family Function Through Physical Activity

Conditions
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Physical Activity, Family Functioning

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Self Regulation
* Behavioral: Identity & Family functioning


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Participants will be at least one parent with at least one child between the ages of 6 and 10 years. Families (parents and/or guardians and children) residing in Canada. Children that participate in <60 minutes/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA Exclusion Criteria: If child is meeting the current physical activity guidelines >=60 minutes a day of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day. If participant does not pass Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PARQ)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Years
Maximum Age: 10 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: 3 arm parallel design single blinded randomized control trial
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Education<br>The Education condition package will consist of Canada's PA guidelines, information about the benefits of child and adult PA, and a breakdown of ways for the parent to help their child achieve this PA. | |
| Experimental: Self Regulation<br>The SR condition will receive all of the same education material as the standard condition in addition to skill training content (how to plan for family PA) based on our prior family trials. Families will be instructed to plan for when, where, how, and what PA will be performed, and to create back-up plans commensurate with the creation of action and coping planning | Behavioral: Self Regulation<br>* How to plan for Family PA<br>|
| Experimental: Identity & Family Functioning<br>The ID condition will receive the same content as the other groups but with two additional virtual workshop sessions. Session 1 involves only the parent(s) and focuses on parental support identity. The content is based on the behaviour change principles of self-identity theory that should lead to increases in self-identity.97-100 This session's activities include: 1) bringing awareness to the concept of identity and being a role model, 2) an activity on finding the meaning and value of parental support of child PA, 3) an activity on setting prioritization rules around parental support for child PA in comparison to other parenting responsibilities and values (brainstormed), 4) developing an affirmation for parental support self-talk, and 5) planning ways to visually demonstrate the parental support identity for self-categorization (e.g., on social media, pictures in frames101) | Behavioral: Self Regulation<br>* How to plan for Family PA<br>Behavioral: Identity & Family functioning<br>* Increasing self-identity to increase parental support of child PA & family functioning<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Increase family function outcomes | Family function will be assessed using FAD & FACES IV | Baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from baseline in children's moderate to vigorous physical activity to 6 months | Children's physical activity will be quantified by accelerometry. | Baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months | 
| Parent-child intergenerational activity via seven-day accelerometry | Accelerometer model has a Bluetooth proximity detection feature that can determine the presence (e.g., same room in a house, at the park together) or absence of close proximity between two accelerometers. The outcome variable will be average minutes per day parents and children were both engaging in physical activity at the same time while in close proximity | Baseline - 6 months | 
| Parent-child intergenerational activity measured via parent self-report | For self-reported PA, the the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire will be used. | Baseline - 6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Parenting Practices, Exercise, Family Functioning, Identity, Self-Regulation;, Parental Support