Reducing Children's Racial Biases Via a Parent-Led Intervention

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The goal of this clinical trial is to test a parent-led program for reducing children's racial biases in White families. The main question it aims to answer is: With training, can parents effectively address their children's racial biases? Parent will receive training and tools for addressing their children's racial biases. Researchers will study effects on both parents' and children's racial biases.

Official Title
-----------------
Reducing Children's Racial Biases Via a Parent-Led Intervention

Conditions
-----------------
Racial Bias

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Behavioral: EmBARK
* Behavioral: Popular guidance
* Behavioral: Practice first


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: The child is 5.00 to 7.99 years of age The child participant and their parent are both non-Hispanic White Exclusion criteria are: Non-proficiency in English on the part of the parent or the child The parent is <18 years old The child or parent identifies with another racial/ethnic identity in addition to White

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 5 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: EmBARK<br>Parents receive a narrated training program about children's racial biases and read books that are focused on race with their children. | Behavioral: EmBARK<br>* The narrated training teaches parents about children's biases and introduces multiple strategies for addressing children's biases. Families receive children's books to help practice the strategies.<br>|
| Experimental: Popular guidance<br>Parents receive interesting popular press articles about children's racial biases and read books that are focused on race with their children. | Behavioral: Popular guidance<br>* The popular press articles teach parents about children's biases and guide parents about how to talk to children about race. Families receive children's books focused on race to help practice talking about race.<br>|
| Experimental: Practice first<br>Parents practice discussing books about animals with their children first, and then receive a narrated training program about children's racial biases and read books that are focused on race with their children. | Behavioral: Practice first<br>* Animal books are provided to parents to help them practice talking to their children when reading books. Then, families receive a training program about race as well as children's books about race.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Likelihood of Child's Racial Bias | Total possible range of scores from 1-5. Higher scores mean higher likelihood of bias. | Baseline, Post-Test 1 (up to 4 weeks on study), Post-Test 2 (up to 16 weeks on study) | 
| Change in Concern about Children's Racial Bias | Total possible range of scores from 1-10. Higher scores indicate more concern. | Baseline, Post-Test 1 (up to 4 weeks on study), Post-Test 2 (up to 16 weeks on study) | 
| Change in Concern about Own Child's Bias | Total possible range of scores from 1-10. Higher scores indicate more concern. | Baseline, Post-Test 1 (up to 4 weeks on study), Post-Test 2 (up to 16 weeks on study) | 
| Change in Motivation to Regulate Children's Bias | Total possible range of scores from 1-10. Higher scores mean greater motivation. | Baseline, Post-Test 1 (up to 4 weeks on study), Post-Test 2 (up to 16 weeks on study) | 
| Change in Self-Efficacy for Addressing Children's Bias | Total possible range of scores from 1-7. Higher scores mean greater self-efficacy. | Baseline, Post-Test 1 (up to 4 weeks on study), Post-Test 2 (up to 16 weeks on study) | 
| Change in Intergroup Liking | Total possible range of scores is -12 to +12. Higher scores reflect more ingroup liking. | Baseline, Post-Test 1 (up to 4 weeks on study), Post-Test 2 (up to 16 weeks on study) | 
| Change in Diversity Preference | Total possible range of scores is 0 to 4. Higher scores mean a greater preference for homogeneous groups. | Baseline, Post-Test 1 (up to 4 weeks on study), Post-Test 2 (up to 16 weeks on study) | 
| Change in Reactions to Discrimination: Evaluation | Total possible range of scores is -6 to +6. | Baseline, Post-Test 1 (up to 4 weeks on study), Post-Test 2 (up to 16 weeks on study) | 
| Change in Reactions to Discrimination: Confrontation | Participants can score 0 or 1, with the higher score reflecting confrontation. | Baseline, Post-Test 1 (up to 4 weeks on study), Post-Test 2 (up to 16 weeks on study) | 
| Change in Predicting Parents' Attitudes | Total possible range of scores is -6 to +6. | Post-Test 1 (up to 4 weeks on study), Post-Test 2 (up to 16 weeks on study) |