MCI Speech in Noise

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to determine whether people with MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment) and healthy comparison subjects differ with respect to their ability to hear soft sounds and how their brain understands and processes sound. The investigators are also evaluating, within those with MCI, whether the hearing tests are associated with neurocognitive functioning. The investigators are interested in learning whether changes in cognition in those with MCI can be detected using tests of how the brain processes sound. The investigators hypothesize that participants with MCI will score worse on both hearing tests and neurocognitive tests than participants without MCI. Participants are asked to complete multiple types of hearing tests, take a series of neurocognitive tests, and complete a few questionnaires.

Official Title
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Speech Perception in Noise as an Improved Marker for Neurocognitive Dysfunction

Conditions
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Mild Cognitive Impairment

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Adults diagnosed with or suspected to have MCI (for MCI group) or are cognitively normal (for Control group) Absence of other risk factors that might affect CAP (Central Auditory Processing) performance (e.g., active ear infections, congenital developmental delay, severe hearing loss) Age 55-80 Normal hearing sensitivity (<40 dB HL Pure Tone Average (average of 500, 1000, 2000 Hz) thresholds bilaterally Normal middle ear function defined by tympanometry (0.3-2.0 ml) Native English speaker Exclusion Criteria: Active ear infections or abnormal middle ear pathology Other health condition prohibiting the completion of the CAP test battery Mild to profound peripheral hearing loss (>40 dB (decibel) HL (hearing loss) Pure Tone Average (average of 500, 1000, 2000 Hz) bilaterally Adults unable to consent Individuals who are not yet adults (infants, children, teenagers) Prisoners History of CNS (Central Nervous System) disorder that might severely impact cognitive function (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, neurosyphilis, intracranial tumors, history of significant head trauma with loss of consciousness (≥30 min), and cerebrovascular disease) Severe mental illness (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) Current, uncontrolled medical condition that could affect cognition (e.g., hypertension) History of substance use disorder within the (other than nicotine/caffeine) Estimated premorbid intellectual functioning below a scaled score of 70 based on the Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF) Non-correctable severe hearing or vision loss Use of Cognition Enhancing Drugs Frequent, severe headaches (occasional headaches or migraines are fine)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 55 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| MCI<br>Participants diagnosed with or suspected to have MCI | |
| Control<br>Participants without MCI | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hearing-in-Noise Test Performance | The performance for Hearing in Noise Tests (HINT) between energetic masking and 2-talker informational masking (IM). Performance will be measured by the lowest signal-to-noise ratio (volume at which sentences are presented compared to background noise volume) that can be heard by the participant. | 1 time point (takes 15 minutes) | 
| Triple Digit in Noise Test Performance | Performance for the behavioral Triple Digit (TDT) between energetic masking and 2-talker informational masking (IM). Performance will be measured by the lowest signal-to-noise ratio (volume at which digits are presented compared to background noise volume) that can be heard by the participant. | 1 time point (takes 15 minutes) | 
| Size of auditory neural response in background noise | The change in amplitude of neural response between energetic masking and 2-talker informational masking (IM). | 1 time point (takes 45 minutes) | 
| Timing of auditory neural response in background noise | The change in latency of neural response between energetic masking and 2-talker informational masking (IM). | 1 time point (takes 45 minutes) |