Evaluation of Text or Animation-based Narrative and Non-narrative Interventions to Enhance Cancer Literacy: a Pilot Study (CLARO)

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The goal of this interventional pilot study is to test and evaluate different information materials created to heighten participants cancer literacy, cancer prevention beliefs, and subsequent intention for behavioral changes. Forty individuals, intended to cover a broad socioeconomic background, will participate in the pilot study. Based on the results of this pilot study, the information materials will be adapted for the following main study.

Detailed Description
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CLARO aims to answer the question, how information materials should be designed to strengthen optimistic beliefs on cancer prevention and to indirectly facilitate the acquisition of cancer literacy. Four different information materials were developed and will be tested in this pilot study (2x2-design: text or animation-based / narrative or non-narrative). Participants will take part in a 30- to 40-minute survey. As part of the study, they will be randomly assigned to one of the information materials, and asked to evaluate it in depth, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The interviews will be conducted individually and face to face. By using a mixed method approach the study will combine quantitative and qualitative methods addressing the following research questions: Quantitative: What is the sample's socio-demographics? Has there already been personal contact with people with cancer (e.g. through own cancer or cancer in the family)? What is the level of engagement in health behaviours (smoking, healthy eating, exercise, BMI)? How strongly are Cancer Prevention Beliefs and Cancer Information Overload represented? How much do the participants like the material shown? (three questions on satisfaction with the material as well as possible counter-argumentation in order to exclude distortions due to social desirability) Can the people in the narrative conditions identify with the characters shown? Qualitative: Do the participants like the materials? Is there something wrong with the quality of the materials? (e.g., quality of sound & images, presentation of animated figures, font size, readability...) Are the materials comprehensible? Is the amount of information appropriate? If not, is it too less or too much? Is the information given convincing? What are the most important insights gained from the materials? Do any of the information have novelty value? Are the given recommendations perceived as helpful? Are there ways to improve the materials? Might anyone feel excluded or offended by the information? An inductive content analysis will be carried out to analyse the qualitative data obtained. The results of the CLARO pilot study will help to improve the intervention materials that will be used for the subsequent main study.

Official Title
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Development and Evaluation of Theory Guided Narrative and Non-narrative Interventions to Enhance Cancer Literacy and Cancer Prevention Beliefs in the Population: a Pilot Study

Conditions
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Cancer Prevention

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: text in non-narrative form
* Other: text in narrative form
* Other: animated video in non-narrative form
* Other: animated video in narrative form


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Between 18 and 70 years old Being able to speak and understand german Exclusion Criteria: - Not being able and willing to provide informed consent and complete questionnaires

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Non-Narrative Text<br>A short text (531 words) that deals with the preventability of cancer cases. It shows that lifestyle factors such as smoking, unhealthy diet, obesity and physical inactivity are responsible for about 40% of cancer cases. It also suggests ways to reduce the risk of cancer through behavioural changes in these areas. A special focus is on nutrition and physical activity. The text was developed on the basis of the Protection Motivation Theory. | Other: text in non-narrative form<br>* Participants will be asked to read a text and give feedback afterwards<br>|
| Experimental: Narrative Text<br>The narrative text contains the same information as the non-narrative text, except that it is built into a story. This makes the text slightly longer at 723 words. The text is about a main character and two work colleagues who share their personal experiences about nutrition and exercise. | Other: text in narrative form<br>* Participants will be asked to read a text and give feedback afterwards<br>|
| Experimental: Non-Narrative Animation<br>The animation is based on the text in non-narrative form and aims to be as fully comparable as possible. | Other: animated video in non-narrative form<br>* Participants will be asked to watch a video and give feedback afterwards<br>|
| Experimental: Narrative Animation<br>The animaion is based on the text in narrative form and aims to be as fully comparable as possible. | Other: animated video in narrative form<br>* Participants will be asked to watch a video and give feedback afterwards<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Satisfaction with the materials | Participants will be asked questions regarding the material presented (qualitatively and quantitatively) covering general satisfaction, comprehensibility, persuasion, affective reactions and potential ways to improve the material | 20min | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cancer Prevention Beliefs & Cancer Information Overload | Participans will be assessed asking for agreement with three statements that have been used in previous studies: It seems like everything causes cancer, There's not much you can do to lower your chances of getting cancer, and There are so many recommendations about preventing cancer, it's hard to know which ones to follow | 5 min | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Cancer, Cancer Literacy, Informational Intervention, Health Communication