Role of New High Resolution Ultrasonographic Modalities for Diagnosis of Fetal Nervous System Anomalies

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The fetal CNS screening examination during the mid-trimester scan in low-risk pregnancies should include evaluation of the fetal head and spine, using transabdominal sonography. Evaluation of two axial planes allows visualization of the relevant cerebral structures to assess the anatomic integrity of the fetal brain.These planes are commonly referred to as the transventricular and transcerebellar planes. A third plane, the so-called transthalamic plane, is frequently added, mostly for the purpose of biometry. Structures that should be noted in the routine examination include the lateral ventricles, the cerebellum, the cisterna magna, and the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP). Head shape and brain texture should also be noted on these views.

Detailed Description
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The neural system malformation is one of the more common congenital anomalies encountered in pregnancy. They represent about 0.3-1 percent of all live births. During a prenatal anomaly scan, detection of CNS malformations is important, especially since these anomalies have a poor prognosis and are also associated with genetic syndromes or chromosomal anomalies. Such malformations have clinical importance because they are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, influencing the neurocognitive and motor development of the survivors, who may have lifelong sequelae. Thus, it's extremely important to assess the fetal CNS during the prenatal period in order to identify any changes in its development and give appropriate advice to parents regarding pregnancy follow-up. Also, it is vital to explore options for fetal therapy and the timing/type of delivery, as well as postnatal treatment and prognosis. The fetal CNS screening examination during the mid-trimester scan in low-risk pregnancies should include evaluation of the fetal head and spine, using transabdominal sonography. Evaluation of two axial planes allows visualization of the relevant cerebral structures to assess the anatomic integrity of the fetal brain.These planes are commonly referred to as the transventricular and transcerebellar planes. A third plane, the so-called transthalamic plane, is frequently added, mostly for the purpose of biometry. Structures that should be noted in the routine examination include the lateral ventricles, the cerebellum, the cisterna magna, and the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP). Head shape and brain texture should also be noted on these views.

Official Title
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Role of New High Resolution Ultrasonographic Modalities for Diagnosis of Fetal Nervous System Anomalies

Conditions
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Ultrasound Therapy; Complications, Anomaly, Central Nervous System Diseases

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: High-resolution ultrasonography


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion criteria: Suspicion of CNS or spinal malformation at routine screening ultrasound Suspicion of CNS or spinal malformation at nuchal translucency scan Family history of inheritable CNS spinal malformations Previous pregnancy complicated by fetal brain or spinal malformation Fetus with congenital heart disease Monochorionic twins Suspected congenital intrauterine infection Exposure to teratogens known to affect neurogenesis Exclusion Criteria: Low risk pregnancy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 28 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Diagnostic Test: High-resolution ultrasonography|High-resolution ultrasonography to detect fetal CNS anomalies|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| PREVELANCE OF FETAL BRAIN ANOMALIES UTILIZING THREE-AXIAL VIEW WITH 2D ULTRASONOGRAPHY . | tO DETECT PREVELANCE OF FETAL BRAIN CONGENITAL ANOMALIES UTILIZING STANDARD THREE-AXIAL VIEW (TRANSTHALAMIC, TRANSVENTRICULAR AND TRANSCEREBELLER ) WITH 2D ULTRASONOGRAPHY . | 2 years | 
| PREVELANCE OF FETAL BRAIN ANOMALIES UTILIZING ADDITIONAL 2 VIEWS TO THE STANDARD THREE-AXIAL VIEW WITH 2D ULTRASONOGRAPHY . | PREVELANCE OF FETAL BRAIN ANOMALIES UTILIZING ADDITIONAL 2 VIEWS (TRANCALVERIAL AND TRANSGENU AND SPELNIUM) TO THE STANDARD THREE-AXIAL VIEW WITH 2D ULTRASONOGRAPHY . | 2 years | 
| PREVELANCE OF FETAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ANOMALIES UTILIZING 3D ULTRASONOGRAPHY . | PREVELANCE OF FETAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ANOMALIES UTILIZING 3D ULTRASONOGRAPHY BY SURFACE 3 D, MULTIPLANNER AND MULTISLICE VIEWS . | 2 YEARS |