Consumer Responses to Alcohol Warnings

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The primary objective is to evaluate whether alcohol warnings about different topics elicit higher perceived message effectiveness than control messages. The secondary objective is to evaluate whether alcohol warnings about different topics elicit higher reactance than control messages.

Detailed Description
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Participants will complete a within-subjects online randomized experiment in which they will view and rate messages on the risk of alcohol consumption. Participants will view and rate 12 messages total: 10 warning messages and 2 control messages. They will rate each message on perceived message effectiveness (primary outcome) and message reactance (secondary outcome). The 10 warning messages will be about 5 different warning topics (i.e., 2 messages per topic) and the 2 control messages will be about 1 control topic (2 messages per topic). In this within-subjects experiment, the survey will present the topics in random order and the messages within each topic in random order.

Official Title
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Consumer Responses to Alcohol Warnings

Conditions
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Alcohol Drinking

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Mouth cancer warning
* Behavioral: Throat cancer warning
* Behavioral: Voice box (larynx) warning
* Behavioral: Esophagus cancer warning
* Behavioral: Liver cancer warning
* Behavioral: Colon and rectum cancer warning
* Behavioral: Breast cancer
* Behavioral: Cancer (generic, not site-specific)
* Behavioral: Addiction and neurological changes
* Behavioral: Hypertension
* Behavioral: Liver damage
* Behavioral: Harm to fetus
* Behavioral: Dementia
* Behavioral: Impaired sleep
* Behavioral: Drinking guidelines
* Behavioral: Control
* Behavioral: Road injuries


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age 21 and older Reside in the United States Able to complete a survey in English Exclusion Criteria: Under 21 years of age Reside outside the United States Unable to complete a survey in English

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 21 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Alcohol Messages<br>Participants view 12 messages: 10 messages related to health topics (2 messages for each of 5 randomly selected health topics from among all health topics) and 2 control messages. | Behavioral: Mouth cancer warning<br>* Participants will view messages about the risk of mouth cancer from alcohol consumption.<br>Behavioral: Throat cancer warning<br>* Participants will view messages about the risk of throat cancer from alcohol consumption.<br>Behavioral: Voice box (larynx) warning<br>* Participants will view messages about the risk of voice box (larynx) cancer from alcohol consumption.<br>Behavioral: Esophagus cancer warning<br>* Participants will view messages about the risk of esophagus cancer from alcohol consumption.<br>Behavioral: Liver cancer warning<br>* Participants will view messages about the risk of liver cancer from alcohol consumption.<br>Behavioral: Colon and rectum cancer warning<br>* Participants will view messages about the risk of colon and rectum cancer from alcohol consumption.<br>Behavioral: Breast cancer<br>* Participants will view messages about the risk of breast cancer from alcohol consumption.<br>Behavioral: Cancer (generic, not site-specific)<br>* Participants will view messages about the risk of cancer (not site-specific) from alcohol consumption.<br>Behavioral: Addiction and neurological changes<br>* Participants will view messages about the risk of addiction and neurological changes from alcohol consumption.<br>Behavioral: Hypertension<br>* Participants will view messages about the risk of hypertension from alcohol consumption.<br>Behavioral: Liver damage<br>* Participants will view messages about the risk of liver damage from alcohol consumption.<br>Behavioral: Harm to fetus<br>* Participants will view messages about the risk of harm to a fetus from alcohol consumption during pregnancy.<br>Behavioral: Dementia<br>* Participants will view messages about the risk of dementia from alcohol consumption.<br>Behavioral: Impaired sleep<br>* Participants will view messages about the risk of impaired sleep from alcohol consumption.<br>Behavioral: Drinking guidelines<br>* Participants will view messages about guidelines for alcohol consumption.<br>Behavioral: Control<br>* Participants will view neutral messages unrelated to the harms of alcohol consumption.<br>Behavioral: Road injuries<br>* Participants will view messages about the risk of road injuries from alcohol consumption.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Perceived message effectiveness | The study will assess perceived message effectiveness using 1 item: How much does this message discourage you from wanting to drink alcohol? Response options will range from not at all (coded as 1) to a great deal (coded as 5). Higher scores indicate more perceived message effectiveness. | The survey will take up to 20 minutes. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Reactance | The study will assess reactance using 1 item: Say how much you disagree or agree with this statement: This message is overblown. Response options will range from strongly disagree (coded as 1) to strongly agree (coded as 5). Higher scores indicate more reactance. | The survey will take up to 20 minutes. |