Resilience Models in Adolescence and Youth With Cancer in Taiwan

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Validation of Resilience Models about Cancer in Adolescence and Youth in Taiwan

Detailed Description
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This study uses the disease resilience model as a framework to explore the relationship between physical, mental, spiritual, and social aspects of resilience in adolescents with cancer and to verify the resilience model. It is expected that the research results will serve as a reference for designing nursing interventions in the future and develop local Resilience model to improve quality of care.

Official Title
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Validation of Resilience Models About Cancer in Adolescence and Youth in Taiwan

Conditions
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Childhood Cancer, Coping Behavior, Hope, Resilience

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria Diagnosed with cancer before 18 years old Aged between 10 and 24 years Received cancer treatment or completed treatment Exclusion Criteria: Diagnosis of mental problems (developmental delay or psychiatric illness) At the end of life

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 10 Years
Maximum Age: 24 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Adolescence and Youth with cancer<br>Participants were diagnosed with cancer before 18 years old and aged between 10 and 24 years | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Herth Hope Index (HHI) | Herth Hope Index (HHI) has 12 items. The12 items developed by Herth (1992) measures adults hope and contains three factors: cognitive-temporal (positive and desired outcome in the future), affective-behavioral (a feeling of confident with the reality-based goals and desirable outcomes), and affiliative-contextual (interconnect between self and others)(Herth, 1992). A higher score indicates a higher degree of hope. | 1 year | 
| Resilience in Illness Scale (HARS) | HARS is a single factor scale, consisting of 13 items that measure how participants feel or think about managing their health since diagnosis. The internal consistency reliability (0.84 to 0.86) and content validity have been tested by previous qualitative research (Haase & Marcia, 1994; Haase & Philips, 2004). Participants are asked to mark how much they agree or disagree with each sentence using response options from 1 (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree) (Haase, et al., 1999). Higher total scores indicate a higher degree of resilience. | 1 year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Symptom Distress Scale (SDS) | SDS is developed from McCorkle & Young (1978), with a total of 13 questions, using a 1-5 scoring method. Higher of the total score, the higher the degree of symptom distress. The reliability of the instrument (r=.79-.89), using Ware's health perception scale test (r=0.9) (McCorkle, 1978). The reliability of the revised Chinese version is (Cronbach's α =.91-.96), the content validity index (CVI) is 0.95, and the readability is 0.95 (Lai, 1998). Higher total scores indicate a higher degree of symptom distress. | 1 year | 
| mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale - Revised | It is developed from the uncertainty scale developed by Mishel, 1981, with a total of 33 questions. The reliability of the instrument is 0.91. The reliability of each scale ranges from 0.64-0.89, and its validity has been verified through theory (Mishel, 1981). The internal consistency reliability of the Chinese version of the literature is Cronbach's α =0.87, the internal consistency of the subscales is 0.85 and 0.66, and the simultaneous validity is 0.571 (Xu & Huang, 1996). Higher total scores indicate a higher degree of uncertainty. | 1 year | 
| Jalowiec Coping Scale-Revised | It is developed from Jalowiec et al, (1984). There are 40 items. The test-retest reliability of the instrument is 0.79. The internal consistency within the subscale is between 0.85-0.86. The total scale α=0.78 and the subscale is 0.84 (question solution), 0.83 (defensive behavior) (Jalowiec et al, 1984).Higher total scores indicate a higher frequency of used coping behaviors. | 1 year | 
| Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS) | The SPS was developed from Jalowiec et al, (1984). There are 40 questions in total. The test-retest reliability of the instrument is 0.79. The internal consistency within the subscale is between 0.85-0.86. The total scale α=0.78 and the subscale is 0.84 (question solution), 0.83 (defensive behavior) (Jalowiec et al, 1984). | 1 year | 
| Perceived Social Support (PSS) | It is developed from the Perceived Family Support Scale of Procidano & Heller (1983). The scale has 20 questions and Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients are .88 and 0.91 (Procidano & Heller, 1983; Puskar & Bernardo, Stark, 2008).Higher total scores indicate a higher social support. | 1 year | 
| Family Strengths | It is developed by Olson, McCubbin, Barnes, Larsen, Muxen, & Wilson (1985). There are 12 questions in the scale, and the items are: family self-esteem, family trust, family loyalty, family problem-solving ability, question options range from strongly agree to strongly disagree, the score range is from 12 to 60, the higher the score, the higher the family strength, the alpha reliability coefficients are .73 and .88, Test-retest reliability was .73 and .79. | 1 year | 
| Self-Transcendence Scale | There are 15 questions, scored from 1 to 4. The higher the score, the higher the self-transcendence ability. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the tool is .70-.94 (Chen, 2009); the pretest Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the Chinese version of the literature is. 79, and the post-test Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient is .78 (Chen, 2009). | 1 year | 
| Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale | It is developed from Olson, et al, (1985), with a total of 30 questions. The reliability of the instrument is .87 (cohesion) and .78 (adaptability) (Olson et al, 1985); the Chinese version of the document Cronbach's α>0.6 (Fei, 1991).The higher the score is, the higher the family adaptability and cohesionself-transcendence. | 1 year | 
| Parent-Adolescent Communication | It is developed from Olson, McCubbin, Barnes, Larsen, Muxen, & Wilson, (1985). There are 30 questions, which can be divided into two subscales, with reliabilities of 0.87 and 0.78 respectively, using the confirmatory factor analysis (Olson et al. ,1985). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Chinese version of the father-child communication questionnaire is .76, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the mother-child communication questionnaire is .84(Chen, 2001). Higher scores indicate better communication. | 1 year | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Resilience, Hope, social support, Coping, adolescent and young adult, uncertainty