Cardiometabolic Effects of Aerobic Exercise Plus Breaking Sitting

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The goal of this randomized crossover clinical trial is to investigate the effects of interrupting prolonged sitting with intermittent walks of equal volume but at different frequencies, in addition to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, on postprandial serum lipid profile in young adults between the ages of 18-30. The main questions it aims to answer are: Do interrupting prolonged sitting with intermittent walks of equal volume but at different frequencies sustain positive cardiometabolic effects after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise? If yes, which frequency of breaks is more effective to provide cardiometabolic benefits? Participants will complete four conditions on separate days: 1) 6.5 hours of prolonged sitting after 30 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise 2) breaking prolonged sitting with 2 minutes of walking every 30 minutes after 30 minutes of moderate intensity exercise 3) breaking prolonged sitting with 4 minutes of walking every 1-h after 30 minutes of moderate intensity exercise 4) breaking prolonged sitting with 8 minutes of walking every 2-h after 30 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise.

Official Title
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Acute Cardiometabolic Effects of Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Plus Interrupting Sitting With Different Frequencies of Low-Intensity Physical Activity-A Randomized Crossover Trial

Conditions
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Sedentary Behaviour, Sedentary Time

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Aerobic exercise+6.5 h of prolonged sitting
* Other: Aerobic exercise+2 minutes of walking breaks every 30 minutes
* Other: Aerobic exercise+4 minutes of walking breaks every 1-h
* Other: Aerobic exercise+8 minutes of walking breaks every 2-h


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Being between the ages of 18-30 Being able to participate in physical activity More than 7 hours of daily sitting time measured subjectively Not exercising regularly in the last 3 months Exclusion Criteria: Hypertension Coronary heart disease Heart failure Diabetes mellitus Metabolic syndrome Obesity Hypothyroidism Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Chronic inflammatory joint disease Chronic renal failure Cushing's syndrome HIV infection Being on antihypertensive medication Being on lipid-lowering medication Being on antidiabetic medication Being on systemic glucocorticoid medication LDL-cholesterol≥130 mg.dL-1 HDL-cholesterol <40 mg.dL-1 for men; <50 mg.dL-1 for women Prediabetes Alcohol addiction Smoking Pregnancy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 30 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Aerobic exercise+6.5 h of prolonged sitting<br>Participants will sit 6.5 hours after 30 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise. | Other: Aerobic exercise+6.5 h of prolonged sitting<br>* Volunteers, whose fasting blood samples are drawn and who eat a standard breakfast, will perform a 30-minute walking exercise on a treadmill at 40-45% of their heart rate reserve. They will then sit in the chair for 6.5 hours. While seated, volunteers will be asked not to leave their seats except to use the toilet. Volunteers will be able to read and use computers and phones while sitting. Venous and capillary blood samples will be drawn at regular intervals and their blood pressures will be measured.<br>|
| Experimental: Aerobic exercise+2 minutes of walking breaks every 30 minutes<br>Participants will break prolonged sitting with 2 minutes of walking every 30 minutes after 30 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise. | Other: Aerobic exercise+2 minutes of walking breaks every 30 minutes<br>* Volunteers, whose fasting blood samples are drawn and who eat a standard breakfast, will perform a 30-minute walking exercise on a treadmill at 40-45% of their heart rate reserve. They will then interrupt sitting with 2-minute walks at 35-40% of their heart rate reserve every 30 minutes for 6.5 hours after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. They will make a twelve interruptions throughout 6.5 hours period and will have a total of 24 minutes of interruption throughout the intervention. While seated, volunteers will be asked not to leave their seats except to use the toilet. Volunteers will be able to read and use computers and phones while sitting. Venous and capillary blood samples will be drawn at regular intervals and their blood pressures will be measured.<br>|
| Experimental: Aerobic exercise+4 minutes of walking breaks every 1-h<br>Participants will break prolonged sitting with 4 minutes of walking every 1-h after 30 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise. | Other: Aerobic exercise+4 minutes of walking breaks every 1-h<br>* Volunteers, whose fasting blood samples are drawn and who eat a standard breakfast, will perform a 30-minute walking exercise on a treadmill at 40-45% of their heart rate reserve. They will then interrupt sitting with 4-minute walks at 35-40% of their heart rate reserve every 1 hour for 6.5 hours after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. They will make six interruptions throughout 6.5 hours period and will have a total of 24 minutes of interruption throughout the intervention. While seated, volunteers will be asked not to leave their seats except to use the toilet. Volunteers will be able to read and use computers and phones while sitting. Venous and capillary blood samples will be drawn at regular intervals and their blood pressures will be measured.<br>|
| Experimental: Aerobic exercise+8 minutes of walking breaks every 2-h<br>Participants will break prolonged sitting with 8 minutes of walking every 2-h after 30 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise. | Other: Aerobic exercise+8 minutes of walking breaks every 2-h<br>* Volunteers, whose fasting blood samples are drawn and who eat a standard breakfast, will perform a 30-minute walking exercise on a treadmill at 40-45% of their heart rate reserve. They will then interrupt sitting with 8-minute walks at 35-40% of their heart rate reserve every 2 hour for 6.5 hours after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. They will make six interruptions throughout 6.5 hours period and will have a total of 24 minutes of interruption throughout the intervention. While seated, volunteers will be asked not to leave their seats except to use the toilet. Volunteers will be able to read and use computers and phones while sitting. Venous and capillary blood samples will be drawn at regular intervals and their blood pressures will be measured.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Capillary glucose area under the curve | Fasting and subsequent capillary blood glucose measurements will be carried out. Blood samples will be taken by pricking the tip of the distal phalanx of the right or left middle finger with a lancet. The first drop of blood will be wiped with cotton and the second drop of blood will be analyzed with a glucometer (GL 44, Beurer GmbH, Germany). Two consecutive measurements will be made and the average of both measurements will be recorded. For each 7.5-hour intervention, the total area under the curve (AUC) will be calculated for capillary glucose using the trapezoidal method. Incremental AUC will then be calculated by subtracting the area of baseline level from the total AUC. | During the four 7.5-hour intervention sessions samples will be collected at the 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th and 210th minutes after breakfast, and at the 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th and 210th minutes after lunch. | 
| Serum Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol area under the curve | Fasting venous blood samples for serum LDL cholesterol will be collected by inserting a cannula into the appropriate vein. The intravenous cannula will be fixed tightly with patch tape. Then fasting blood samples will be drawn. During each 7.5-hour intervention, 5 mL blood samples will be drawn at the 60th, 120th and 210th minutes after breakfast and at the 60th, 120th and 210th minutes after lunch from the intravenous cannula with a syringe. The blood samples taken into the syringe will be transferred to a yellow capped gel tube and the blood samples will be sent to the biochemistry laboratory for analysis.For each 7.5-hour intervention, the total AUC will be calculated for serum LDL cholesterol using the trapezoidal method. Incremental AUC will then be calculated by subtracting the area of baseline level from the total AUC. | During the four 7.5-hour intervention sessions, 5 mL blood samples will be drawn at the 60th, 120th and 210th minutes after breakfast and at the 60th, 120th and 210th minutes after lunch | 
| Serum High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol area under the curve | Fasting venous blood samples for serum HDL cholesterol will be collected by inserting a cannula into the appropriate vein. The intravenous cannula will be fixed tightly with patch tape. Then fasting blood samples will be drawn. During each 7.5-hour intervention, 5 mL blood samples will be drawn at the 60th, 120th and 210th minutes after breakfast and at the 60th, 120th and 210th minutes after lunch from the intravenous cannula with a syringe. The blood samples taken into the syringe will be transferred to a yellow capped gel tube and the blood samples will be sent to the biochemistry laboratory for analysis.For each 7.5-hour intervention, the total AUC will be calculated for serum HDL cholesterol using the trapezoidal method. Incremental AUC will then be calculated by subtracting the area of baseline level from the total AUC. | During the four 7.5-hour intervention sessions, 5 mL blood samples will be drawn at the 60th, 120th and 210th minutes after breakfast and at the 60th, 120th and 210th minutes after lunch | 
| Serum total cholesterol area under the curve | Fasting venous blood samples for serum total cholesterol will be collected by inserting a cannula into the appropriate vein. The intravenous cannula will be fixed tightly with patch tape. Then fasting blood samples will be drawn. During each 7.5-hour intervention, 5 mL blood samples will be drawn at the 60th, 120th and 210th minutes after breakfast and at the 60th, 120th and 210th minutes after lunch from the intravenous cannula with a syringe. The blood samples taken into the syringe will be transferred to a yellow capped gel tube and the blood samples will be sent to the biochemistry laboratory for analysis.For each 7.5-hour intervention, the total AUC will be calculated for serum total cholesterol using the trapezoidal method. Incremental AUC will then be calculated by subtracting the area of baseline level from the total AUC. | During the four 7.5-hour intervention sessions, 5 mL blood samples will be drawn at the 60th, 120th and 210th minutes after breakfast and at the 60th, 120th and 210th minutes after lunch | 
| Serum triglycerides area under the curve | Fasting venous blood samples for serum triglycerides will be collected by inserting a cannula into the appropriate vein. The intravenous cannula will be fixed tightly with patch tape. Then fasting blood samples will be drawn. During each 7.5-hour intervention, 5 mL blood samples will be drawn at the 60th, 120th and 210th minutes after breakfast and at the 60th, 120th and 210th minutes after lunch from the intravenous cannula with a syringe. The blood samples taken into the syringe will be transferred to a yellow capped gel tube and the blood samples will be sent to the biochemistry laboratory for analysis.For each 7.5-hour intervention, the total AUC will be calculated for serum triglycerides using the trapezoidal method. Incremental AUC will then be calculated by subtracting the area of baseline level from the total AUC. | During the four 7.5-hour intervention sessions, 5 mL blood samples will be drawn at the 60th, 120th and 210th minutes after breakfast and at the 60th, 120th and 210th minutes after lunch | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Systolic blood pressure | Systolic blood pressures will be measured in the arm in the morning before each intervention and at regular intervals during each intervention. Measurements will be taken in an upright position just before blood samples are taken and after a rest period of at least 10 minutes from the last exercise bout. Blood pressure measurements will be taken with a digital blood pressure monitor (BM 40, Beurer GmbH, Germany) in the arm. The first measurement will be taken at approximately 08:30 a.m and the next 7 measurements will be carried out approximately at the 20th minute of each hour (10:20, 11:20, 12:20, 13:20, 14:20, 15:20, 16:20). Three measurements will be made at one-minute intervals and the average value of the three measurements will be recorded. | During the four 7.5-hour intervention sessions, measurements will be carried out approximately at the 20th minute of each hour (10:20, 11:20, 12:20, 13:20, 14:20, 15:20, 16:20) | 
| Diastolic blood pressure | Diastolic blood pressures will be measured in the arm in the morning before each intervention and at regular intervals during each intervention. Measurements will be taken in an upright position just before blood samples are taken and after a rest period of at least 10 minutes from the last exercise bout. Blood pressure measurements will be taken with a digital blood pressure monitor (BM 40, Beurer GmbH, Germany) in the arm. The first measurement will be taken at approximately 08:30 a.m and the next 7 measurements will be carried out approximately at the 20th minute of each hour (10:20, 11:20, 12:20, 13:20, 14:20, 15:20, 16:20). Three measurements will be made at one-minute intervals and the average value of the three measurements will be recorded. | During the four 7.5-hour intervention sessions, measurements will be carried out approximately at the 20th minute of each hour (10:20, 11:20, 12:20, 13:20, 14:20, 15:20, 16:20) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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sedentary break, prolonged sitting, blood lipids, blood pressure, aerobic exercise, walking