The Relationship Between Pain Perception, Severity of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction, and Spinal Health in Geriatric Individuals

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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It is aimed to examine the relationship between pain perception, temporomandibular joint disorder severity and spine health in elderly individuals.

Detailed Description
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The research sample will consist of elderly individuals who reside in Tokat and Kırıkkale, are over 65 years old, have good cognitive status, and volunteer to participate in the study. According to the G*Power analysis, if the sample size is α= 0.05, β= 0.80, acceptable correlation coefficient r= 0.70, and negligible correlation coefficient r= 0.20, 16 individuals are sufficient to measure the relationship between two parameters. Since the relationship between four parameters will be evaluated, 64 individuals are required. Data for the study will be collected face to face by researchers using The Centrality of Pain Scale, Discomfort Intolerance Scale, Spine Functional Index, and Fonseca Anamnestic Index, which can be filled in by individuals themselves. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22.0 computer package program for Windows, will be used for statistical analysis. Statistical data will be expressed as mean ± standard deviation (X±SD), median, or percentage (%). One Sample Kolmogorov Smirnov test will be performed to show the parametric or nonparametric distribution of the data. When parametric test assumptions are met, the relationship between parameters is determined by Spearman correlation test; When parametric test assumptions are not met, the relationship between the parameters will be examined with the Pearson correlation test. Statistical significance value will be accepted as p<0.05.

Official Title
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The Relationship Between Pain Perception, Severity of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction, and Spinal Health in Geriatric Individuals

Conditions
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Pain, Geriatric Individuals, Discomfort, Spine, Temporomandibular Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: The relationship between pain perception, temporomandibular joint disorder severity and spine health


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: To be volunteer Exclusion Criteria: Having any neurological, psychiatric or cognitive disorder

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 65 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Geriatric individuals<br>The relationship among pain perception, temporomandibular joint disorder severity and spine health | Other: The relationship between pain perception, temporomandibular joint disorder severity and spine health<br>* The relationship between pain perception, temporomandibular joint disorder severity and spine health<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The Centrality of Pain Scale | The Centrality of Pain Scale will be used to assess pain perception. It is a 10-item survey in which each item is rated on a 5-point Likert type (1: strongly disagree, 2: disagree, 3: neither agree nor disagree, 4: agree, 5: strongly agree). Items 2, 4, and 9 are reverse scored. The total score is the sum of all item scores. Higher scores reflect more centralized pain. The maximum score is 50, and the minimum score is 10. Turkish version, validity, and reliability study was conducted. | up to 3 months | 
| Discomfort Intolerance Scale | Tolerance to physical discomfort and pain will be evaluated with the Discomfort Intolerance Scale. The scale consists of 7-point Likert type questions and the answer options vary between 0 (not at all suitable for me) and 6 (completely suitable for me). A Turkish version, validity and reliability study is available. | up to 3 months | 
| Spine Functional Index | The Spine Functional Index is a scale of 25 questions developed to examine the impact of spine-related symptoms on functionality. Each question is scored as 0, 0.5, 1. The total score is calculated as a percentage, and a score approaching 100% indicates normal spinal functions. Turkish version, validity, and reliability were tested. | up to 3 months | 
| Fonseca Anamnestic Index | The presence and severity of temporomandibular disorder in individuals will be evaluated with the Fonseca Anamnestic Index. The Fonseca Anamnestic Index consists of 10 questions. The participant is asked to answer each question as 'Yes' (10 points), 'No' (0 points), and 'Sometimes' (5 points). The questionnaire score is scored for all questions, and temporomandibular disorder severity is classified according to the total score: no temporomandibular disorder (0-15 points), mild temporomandibular disorder (20-40 points), moderate temporomandibular disorder (45-65 points), severe temporomandibular disorder (45-65 points). 70-100). The Turkish version, validity, and reliability were tested. | up to 3 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Geriatric individuals, Pain, Discomfort, Spine, Temporomandibular disorder