Validation of Visual Analog Scales to Measure SatisfactiOn and WELL-being at Work (SoWell-VAS)

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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We spend a third of our life at work. Psychosocial risks (PSR) are a major issue in occupational health 1. Approaching the different dimensions of PSR calls on a dozen essential components: workload, autonomy, social support, burnout, anxiety, efforts made, rewards, work addiction, investment, etc. a specific questionnaire which usually contains 20 to 30 questions, so that having an overall view of PSR using the current reference questionnaires (Karasek, Siegrist, etc.) represents a total of more than 300 questions. The response time is thus incompatible with current medical practice (passage in the waiting room before the occupational health medical examination) and leads to a majority of non-responses during anonymous questionnaires on the Internet. On the other hand, these validated questionnaires were carried out by different people and are very heterogeneous between them, including in their formulation, so that the respondents have the impression of disorganization and anarchy. There is therefore a need for short, quick and uniform questionnaires. EVAs offer the incredible advantage of meeting these criteria: speed, uniformity, precision. From a data analysis point of view, EVAs also have the advantage of offering a continuous quantitative response, allowing the use of all statistical approaches. If some questionnaires have already been validated in the form of EVA, such as the EVA stress versus the  Perceived Stress Scale  questionnaire (PSS), the EVA workload and EVA autonomy at work versus the Karasek questionnaire, the other reference questionnaires are not yet validated in EVA (burnout, anxiety, efforts / rewards, work addiction, etc.).

Official Title
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Validation of Visual Analog Scales to Measure SatisfactiOn and WELL-being at Work (SoWell-VAS)

Conditions
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Visual Analogue Scale, Occupational Stress, Validation

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: All voluntary adults with a professional activity. Exclusion Criteria: Minor Person not volunteer to participate. Protected adults (curatorship, guardianship, safeguard of justice)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Burnout | Burnout on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from minimum (0) to maximum (100) | Inclusion | 
| Burnout | Burnout on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from minimum (0) to maximum (100) | One week later | 
| Burnout | Burnout using the Maslach Burn-out Inventory (MBI) questionnaire. MBI is composed of 22 items designed to assess the three components of the burn-out syndrome: emotional exhaustion (9 items), depersonalization (5 items) and reduced personal accomplishment (8 items). The items are written in the form of statements about personal feelings or attitudes. Items are made of a 7-point scale frequency of feelings, varying from never to every day. The scores for each component of the burn-out syndrome are considered separately and are not combined into a single total score. If desired for participant feedback, each score can be coded as low, average, or high | Inclusion | 
| Burnout | Burnout using the Maslach Burn-out Inventory (MBI) questionnaire. MBI is composed of 22 items designed to assess the three components of the burn-out syndrome: emotional exhaustion (9 items), depersonalization (5 items) and reduced personal accomplishment (8 items). The items are written in the form of statements about personal feelings or attitudes. Items are made of a 7-point scale frequency of feelings, varying from never to every day. The scores for each component of the burn-out syndrome are considered separately and are not combined into a single total score. If desired for participant feedback, each score can be coded as low, average, or high | One week later | 
| Anxiety | Anxiety on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from minimum (0) to maximum (100) | Inclusion | 
| Anxiety | Anxiety on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from minimum (0) to maximum (100) | One week later | 
| Anxiety | Anxiety using Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) questionnaire. is a self-reported questionnaire composed of 14 items with a 4-point Likert scale assessing anxiety (7 items) and/or depressive (7 items) symptoms. For each subscale (anxiety and depression), total score ranges from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety or depressive symptoms. A score from 0 to 7 indicates the absence of disease, a score of 8-10 represents doubtful cases, and scores higher than 11 reflects the presence of a mood disorder. | Inclusion | 
| Anxiety | Anxiety using Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) questionnaire. is a self-reported questionnaire composed of 14 items with a 4-point Likert scale assessing anxiety (7 items) and/or depressive (7 items) symptoms. For each subscale (anxiety and depression), total score ranges from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety or depressive symptoms. A score from 0 to 7 indicates the absence of disease, a score of 8-10 represents doubtful cases, and scores higher than 11 reflects the presence of a mood disorder. | One week later | 
| Job demand | Job demand on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from minimum (0) to maximum (100) | Inclusion | 
| Job demand | Job demand on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from minimum (0) to maximum (100) | One week later | 
| Job control | Job control on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from minimum (0) to maximum (100) | Inclusion | 
| Job control | Job control on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from minimum (0) to maximum (100) | One week later | 
| Social support | Social support on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from minimum (0) to maximum (100) | Inclusion | 
| Social support | Social support on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from minimum (0) to maximum (100) | One week later | 
| Job demand / job control / social support | Job demand / job control / social support using the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDSC) questionnaire of Karasek. JDSC assessed job demands, job control and social support through 26 items. The questionnaire measures nine items of job demands, nine items of job control and eight items of social support. Items of JDSC are scored on a four-point Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 4 = strongly agree. Among the 26 items, five negative statements require reverse scoring. From French data, the job strain threshold is set for a demands score higher than 20 and a control score lower than 71; the isostrain threshold is determined from a combining score of job strain and social support lower than 24. | Inclusion | 
| Job demand / job control / social support | Job demand / job control / social support using the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDSC) questionnaire of Karasek. JDSC assessed job demands, job control and social support through 26 items. The questionnaire measures nine items of job demands, nine items of job control and eight items of social support. Items of JDSC are scored on a four-point Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 4 = strongly agree. Among the 26 items, five negative statements require reverse scoring. From French data, the job strain threshold is set for a demands score higher than 20 and a control score lower than 71; the isostrain threshold is determined from a combining score of job strain and social support lower than 24.questionnaire of Karasek | One week later | 
| Effort-reward imbalance | Effort-reward imbalance on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from minimum (0) to maximum (100) | Inclusion | 
| Effort-reward imbalance | Effort-reward imbalance on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from minimum (0) to maximum (100) | One week later | 
| Effort-reward imbalance | Effort-reward imbalance using Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERI). ERI assessed psychological distress and health problems that may occur when there is an imbalance between the efforts required by the work and the rewards received. We used the 46 items of the French version of the ERI model exploring efforts (six items), over commitment (eleven items), and rewards (seventeen items). Items of ERI were scored on a five-point Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 = disagree to 5 = agree and very disturbed. A ratio extrinsic efforts and rewards can assess the imbalance between these two dimensions. A ratio greater than one defines employees exposed to an imbalance between efforts and rewards | Inclusion | 
| Effort-reward imbalance | Effort-reward imbalance using Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERI). ERI assessed psychological distress and health problems that may occur when there is an imbalance between the efforts required by the work and the rewards received. We used the 46 items of the French version of the ERI model exploring efforts (six items), over commitment (eleven items), and rewards (seventeen items). Items of ERI were scored on a five-point Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 = disagree to 5 = agree and very disturbed. A ratio extrinsic efforts and rewards can assess the imbalance between these two dimensions. A ratio greater than one defines employees exposed to an imbalance between efforts and rewards | One week later | 
| Work addiction | Work addiction on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from minimum (0) to maximum (100) | Inclusion | 
| Work addiction | Work addiction on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from minimum (0) to maximum (100) | One week later | 
| Work addiction | Work addiction using Work Addiction Risk Test (WART) questionnaire. The WART assesses 25 statements on a 4-point Likert scale from 1 - never true to 4 - always true. The total score ranged from 25 to 100, with higher scores reflecting higher work addiction. Scores from 25 to 56 were defined as low-risk of work addiction; from 57 to 66 as medium-risk and from 67 to 100 as high-risk . | Inclusion | 
| Work addiction | Work addiction using Work Addiction Risk Test (WART) questionnaire. The WART assesses 25 statements on a 4-point Likert scale from 1 - never true to 4 - always true. The total score ranged from 25 to 100, with higher scores reflecting higher work addiction. Scores from 25 to 56 were defined as low-risk of work addiction; from 57 to 66 as medium-risk and from 67 to 100 as high-risk . | One week later | 
| Life satisfaction | Life satisfaction on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from minimum (0) to maximum (100) | Inclusion | 
| Life satisfaction | Life satisfaction on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from minimum (0) to maximum (100) | One week later | 
| Life satisfaction | Life satisfaction using the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ). MSQ is composed of 20 items designed to measure employee job satisfaction. Items are made of a 5-point scale of satisfaction, varying from 1 Very dissatisfied to 5 Very satisfied. A percentile score of 75 or higher represent a high degree of satisfaction, a percentile score of 25 or lower represent a low degree of satisfaction and scores in the middle range of percentiles (26 to 74) indicated average satisfaction. | Inclusion | 
| Life satisfaction | Life satisfaction using the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ). MSQ is composed of 20 items designed to measure employee job satisfaction. Items are made of a 5-point scale of satisfaction, varying from 1 Very dissatisfied to 5 Very satisfied. A percentile score of 75 or higher represent a high degree of satisfaction, a percentile score of 25 or lower represent a low degree of satisfaction and scores in the middle range of percentiles (26 to 74) indicated average satisfaction. | One week later | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sociodemographic | age, gender, marital status, number of children, education level | Once at inclusion | 
| Occupation | Question What is your profession? | Once at inclusion | 
| Work hours per week | Number of hours worked per week | Once at inclusion | 
| Night and weekend work | Do you work at night? Do you work weekends? | Once at inclusion | 
| Alcohol consumption | Number of alcoholic drinks per week | Once at inclusion | 
| Tabacco consumption | Number of cigarettes per day | Once at inclusion | 
| Height | Height in cm | Once at inclusion | 
| Weight | Weight in kg | Once at inclusion | 
| Sedentary behavior | Number of hours sit per day | Once at inclusion | 
| Physical activity | Number of hours of physical activity per day | Once at inclusion | 
| Stress at work | stress at work level on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from minimum (0) to maximum (100) | Once at inclusion | 
| Ethical conflicts | Ethical conflicts confrontation on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from never (0) to often(100) | Once at inclusion | 
| Perceived health | Perceived health on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from bad(0) to excellent (100) | Once at inclusion | 
| Stress at home | stress at home level on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from minimum (0) to maximum (100) | Once at inclusion | 
| Fatigue | Fatigue level on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from minimum (0) to maximum (100) | Once at inclusion | 
| Sleep quality | Sleep quality level on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from bad(0) to excellent (100) | Once at inclusion | 
| Mood | mood level on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from bad(0) to excellent (100) | Once at inclusion |