Preliminary Assessment of the Psycho-emotional State of Patients With TMD

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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TMD (temporomandibular disorders) is the name for a collective syndrome of disorders that includes abnormal function of the muscles of mastication, the temporomandibular joints and surrounding structures. It is one of the most significant causes of orofacial pain, along with dental pain. In TMD syndrome, the cause of pain is often due to overloading of the masticatory muscles rather than primary changes in the joints themselves. Nowadays, doctors who treat patients with TMD have no doubt that one of the very important etiological factors of this condition is psycho-emotional disorders (excessive nervous excitability, anxiety, depression), which has been confirmed by numerous authors of studies on this subject [4-11]. The etiology of TMD is complex and multifactorial. Numerous factors may also contribute to the development of the disorder. An important factor affecting the state of masticatory function is an increase in stress levels (psycho-emotional tension). Structures such as the hypothalamus, reticular formation and limbic system have a decisive influence on the emotional state of each patient The activity of the limbic system, which governs the emotions of adults, and the additional connections of the gamma loops to the masticatory muscles, determine that increased emotional tension translates into a significant increase in the contractile activity of the masticatory muscles. TMD and functional disorder of the masticatory muscles are the most common complaint of the patients, seeking treatment in dental office. The two main symptoms of TMD problems are pain and dysfunction. Myalgia -the most common cause is an increased level of muscle use. It is related to vasocontraction of relevant arteries and accumulation of metabolic waste product in the muscles. Activities such as daytime clenching of the teeth and bruxism, habits of chewing gum, biting lips, finger nails or cheeks are factors that cause significant strain on the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints.

Official Title
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Preliminary Assessment of the Psycho-emotional State of Patients With TMD

Conditions
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C05.500.607.221.897, C05.550.905

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Clinical


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: (i) good general health, with no craniofacial trauma in the last 5 years and without severe mental conditions (ii) the presence of TMD symptoms (pain in the masticatory muscles, limitation of mouth opening range, clicking or popping in the temporomandibular joints. For control group there was absences of these symptoms. (iii) consent of the patient to participate in the research project The exclusion criteria for the study were: - Exclusion Criteria: (i). willingness to resign out of the study. -
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical<br>One hundred and thirty patients diagnosed with TMD constituted the study group (group I) | Diagnostic Test: Clinical<br>* Questionnaire<br>|
| Control<br>One hundred and thirty patients were excluded from having TMD based on the RDC/ TMD questionnaire, and these patients constituted the control group (group II). | Diagnostic Test: Clinical<br>* Questionnaire<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Questionanire | The questionnaire survey includes a total of 30 questions, regarding the emotional state of the of the respondents over the past 4 weeks such as lowered mood, states of emotional irritability, feelings of sadness, lack of desire for daily activities, lack of concentration, or desire for self-isolation and critical thoughts toward one's own person person, or nervousness, fearfulness. Responses in each question included: * no, * a few times in the past 4 weeks, *a few times during the week, and *continuously/continually. The scores for each question were: 0 points for most favorable response and 4 points for the most unfavorable patient response. The result of the questionnaire was divided into four sections; A, B, C,D. | 2021-2023 |