Impact of Emotional Reactivity on Dysfunctional Decision-Making in NSSI Adolescents

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as direct, intentional physical injury without suicidal intention. Studies revealed that dysfunctional interpersonal relationships and reward-related decision-making may play crucial roles in this maladaptive behavior, especially in adolescents. These interpersonal decision contexts are characterized by constant updating of expectations of rewards and the actual received rewards as well as the associated emotional reactions. These processes have recently been computationally formalized as prediction errors (PE), specifically reward PEs, valence PEs, and arousal PEs (Heffner et al., 2021; Nat Hum Behav). In the current study, the investigators aim to investigate whether these PEs make discernible contributions to social decisions in the context of unfair experiences among adolescents with NSSI and matched healthy control adolescents (HC). Specifically the investigators hypothesized that: 1) reward and emotional PEs show significant predictions of punishment decisions in both groups, 2) however, compared to HC adolescents, the NSSI group will exhibit selective dysfunctions in emotional but not reward PEs leading to punish a norm proposer who provided unfair offers.

Official Title
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Effects of Emotional Reactivity on Decision-Making in Adolescents With Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Conditions
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Nonsuicidal Self Injury, Prediction Errors

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 15-18 years right-handed normal or corrected normal visual acuity meet the proposed DSM-5 frequency criteria (e.g., ≥5 days of NSSI behaviors in the past year) Exclusion Criteria: diagnosis of borderline personality disorder, major depressive disorder, other psychiatric disorders, etc. high suicidal risk recent use of medications that can affect neural activity have received or are receiving Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) other treatment for emotional problems within the past 6 months have a contraindication to MRI scanning (e.g., metal implants, claustrophobia or other conditions that make them inappropriate for MRI scanning)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 15 Years
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| NSSI<br> | |
| HC<br> | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Reward prediction errors (PEs) | Reward PEs will be calculated by the differences between the experienced (when be offered) reward and predicted (before the offer) reward. | About 20 minutes | 
| Valence prediction errors (PEs) | Valence PEs will be calculated by the differences between the experienced emotional valence and predicted emotional valence. | About 20 minutes | 
| Arousal prediction errors (PEs) | Arousal PEs will be calculated by the differences between the experienced emotional arousal and predicted emotional arousal. | About 20 minutes | 
| The prediction of PEs of punishment decisions | All PEs and groups (NSSI, HC) will be used in a regression model to examined whether there is any alteration in the NSSI group when PEs are predicted to punishment (reject) decisions. | About 20 minutes |