Lasers as an Alternative to Formocresol and Sodium Hypochlorite Medicaments in Pulpotomy Techniques

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the dental lasers as an alternative of chemical medicaments used in the pulpotomy procedures. The main question it aims to answer is: • Lasers pulpotomies are a viable alternative to the standard Formocresol and Sodium Hypochlorite medicaments. All participants groups (Formocresol, Sodium Hypochlorite, Diode and Er:Cr;YSGG lasers) for pulpotomy procedure will follow the same clinical protocol, except for the techniques that will be used for hemostasis of the pulpotomies which either will be achieved by Formocresol or Sodium Hypochlorite solutions or by Diode or Erbium lasers.

Detailed Description
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All the selected treatment groups (Formocresol, Sodium Hypochlorite, Diode and Er:Cr;YSGG lasers) will follow the same clinical protocol, except for the techniques that will be used for hemostasis of the pulpotomies: Using 2 percent lidocaine with 1: 100,000 epinephrine as a local anesthetic. Isolation of the teeth with a rubber dam. Using a diamond round #440 bur in a high-speed hand piece with water cooling to eliminate caries and expose pulp chambers. Using a spoon excavator to remove the coronal pulp. Achieving the hemostasis by: I. In first group (Group A): using a 1:5 dilution of Buckley's FC solution. A sterile cotton pellet will be moistened with a 1:5 concentration formocresol and it will be placed on the pulp stumps for 5 minutes for achieving hemostasis before being covered with MTA. If hemostasis will not be achieved after 5 minutes, it will presume that the pulp tissue in the canal was infected, and the tooth will be removed from the research. II. In the second group (Group B): using 3% NaOCl. A sterile cotton pellet will be moistened with a 3% NaOCl and it will be placed on the pulp chamber for 5 minutes for achieving hemostasis before being covered with MTA. III. In the third group (Group C): In this group hemostasis will be achieved by exposure to diode laser of 940 nm. The laser energy will be introduced into the canal orifice through a 300 µm optical fiber at 2 W, in a contact mode with continuous mode CW (According to the user manual) for 1 second at each orifice for three times to achieve complete hemostasis. During laser application patients, operator and assistant will use protective eye shields according to the safety measures of the device user manual. IV. In the fourth group (Group D): Irradiation of the floor of the pulp chamber with Er,Cr:YSGG laser 2790 nm ) at a Power of 1.5 w, Frequency of 50 Hz, mode S (soft tissue mode) , 20%air and no water with a gold handpiece and Tip type MZ6, for 10 sec.(According to the manufacturer manual iPlus™ software copyright ©2016 BIOLASE, Inc.). In which a fixed char layer should be formed over the pulpal tissue of the canals orifices. During laser application patients, operator and assistant will use protective eye shields according to the safety measures of the device user manual. Then covering the surface with a 2 mm layer of MTA The final restoration will be completed in all the four groups, stainless steel crown will be placed as the final restorative material with a well-fitting marginal adaption and glass ionomer cement(GC company).

Official Title
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Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Diode and Er:Cr;YSGG Lasers as an Alternative to Formocresol and Sodium Hypochlorite for Pulpotomy Technique in Primary Molars - Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Conditions
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Pulp Disease, Dental, Pulp Mummification

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Formocresol
* Drug: Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
* Device: Diode laser
* Device: Er,Cr:YSGG laser


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Deep carious lesions present in primary molars. No history of spontaneous or persistent pain. Lack of clinical evidence of pulpal degeneration, such as pain on percussion, history of swelling or sinus tracts. Restorable teeth following completion of the procedure. Absence of radiographic signs and symptoms of pulpal degeneration. Following pulpal amputation, hemostasis could be easily achievable. Exclusion Criteria: Uncooperative children. Children with medically compromised disease. Presence of radiographical signs and symptoms of pulpal degeneration. Physiologic root resorption is more than one-third.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 4 Years
Maximum Age: 8 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: first group (Group A)<br>using a 1:5 dilution of Buckley's FC (SSA, Produits Dentaires, Switzerland). A sterile cotton pellet will be moistened with a 1:5 concentration formocresol and it will be placed on the pulp stumps for 5 minutes for achieving hemostasis before being covered with MTA. If hemostasis will not be achieved after 5 minutes, it will presume that the pulp tissue in the canal was infected, and the tooth will be removed from the research | Drug: Formocresol<br>* Hemostasis of pulpal tissue in primary teeth pulpotomy techniques with Formocresol solution<br>* Other names: Buckley's solution;|
| Experimental: second group (Group B)<br>using 3% NaOCl(Tahno-dent, Greece) A sterile cotton pellet will be moistened with a 3% NaOCl and it will be placed on the pulp chamber for 5 minutes for achieving hemostasis before being covered with MTA | Drug: Sodium Hypochlorite Solution<br>* Hemostasis of pulpal tissue in primary teeth pulpotomy techniques with 3% Sodium Hypochlorite Solution.<br>* Other names: NaOCl;|
| Experimental: third group (Group C)<br>In this group hemostasis will be achieved by exposure to diode laser (Biolase, epic X) of 940 nm. The laser energy will be introduced into the canal orifice through a 300 µm optical fiber at 2 W, in a contact mode with continuous mode CW(According to the user manual('EpicX_CAN_UM.pdf', no date) for 1 second at each orifice for three times to achieve complete hemostasis. During laser application patients, operator and assistant will use protective eye shields according to the safety measures of the device user manual. | Device: Diode laser<br>* Hemostasis of pulpal tissue in primary teeth pulpotomy techniques with 940 nm diode laser.<br>|
| Experimental: fourth group (Group D)<br>Irradiation of the floor of the pulp chamber with Er,Cr:YSGG laser 2790 nm (Waterlase MD, Biolase) at a Power of 1.5 w, Frequency of 50 Hz, mode S (soft tissue mode) , 20%air and no water with a gold handpiece and Tip type MZ6, for 10 sec.(According to the manufacturer manual iPlus™ software copyright ©2016 BIOLASE, Inc.)('WaterLase-iPlus-UM.pdf', no date). In which a fixed char layer should be formed over the pulpal tissue of the canals orifices. During laser application patients, operator and assistant will use protective eye shields according to the safety measures of the device user manual. | Device: Er,Cr:YSGG laser<br>* Hemostasis of pulpal tissue in primary teeth pulpotomy techniques with 2790nm Er,Cr:YSGG laser.<br>* Other names: Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium-Scandium-Gallium-Garnet laser;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Evaluation of clinical and radiographical success rate of pulpotomy procedure of FC, and NaOCl techniques and two different types of lasers Diode and Erbium Cr,YSGG lasers |  | one year |