Tongue Protrusion Assessment in Healthy Adult (FLEPI)

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study aims to evaluate tongue protrusion motor skills in healthy adults and to assess the reliability of these measurements as well as their validity in relation to other motor functions (handgrip and respiratory muscles).

Detailed Description
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The tongue is an organ involved in multiple essential daily functions (such as eating, speaking, and breathing). Normative values exist for the motor skills of tongue elevation in individuals. However, data regarding protrusion are lacking. Yet, the protrusive strength of the tongue is of particular interest. Indeed a weak protrusive tongue strength may contribute to sleep apnea and swallowing disorders. Therefore, this study aims to collect normative and clinimetric (validity and reliability) data of tongue protrusion strength and endurance among healthy adults.

Official Title
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Assessment of Tongue Protrusion Motor Skills in Healthy Adult

Conditions
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Healthy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Assessment of motor skills of the tongue and others muscles, see below) and risk for sleep apnea


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Being 18 years of age or older Exclusion Criteria: Eating disorder Dysphagia Cardiorespiratory disorder Previous or ongoing obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome Neurological conditions (including neuromuscular disorders) Previous or ongoing cancer of the head or neck Pregnancy Any physical or mental condition that may affect the ability to consent

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Healthy adults<br>Healthy adults of 18 years and older will fill out the STOP-BANG Questionnaire and undergo protrusive motor skills measurements. | Other: Assessment of motor skills of the tongue and others muscles, see below) and risk for sleep apnea<br>* The following items will be assessed: Risk for sleep apnea, through the STOP-BANG Questionnaire. Anthropometric data: Height, weight, neck circumference, maximal mouth opening and maximal mouth opening with tongue to palate (with the Quick Tongue-Tie Assessment tool). Tongue peak pressure (i.e., the maximal pressure - Pmax - exerted against the IOPI bulb in kPa) during 3 sec. of tongue protrusion and elevation. Tongue endurance (i.e., the time to task failure in maintaining a pressure equal to a fixed percentage of Pmax against the IOPI bulb) during tongue protrusion and elevation Tongue mobility restriction measured with the Quick Tongue-Tie Assessment Tool Maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures measured with MicroRPM in cmH2O Handgrip strength (measured with a JAMAR dynamometer in kg) Tongue skills measurements will be repeated 2 to 4 weeks after baseline to assess the reliability of these measurements.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tongue protrusion peak pressure | Tongue peak pressure during protrusion movements will be measured via the IOPI device | Measured two times: at baseline and after 2 to 4 weeks | 
| Tongue protrusion endurance | Tongue endurance during protrusion movements will be measured via a timer (the time in seconds until the participant is not able to sustain tongue protrusion as controlled via the IOPI). | Measured two times: at baseline and after 2 to 4 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tongue elevation peak pressure | Tongue peak pressure during elevation movements will be measured via the IOPI device | Measured two times: at baseline and after 2 to 4 weeks | 
| Tongue elevation endurance | will be measured via a timer (the time in seconds until the participant is not able to sustain tongue protrusion as controlled via the IOPI). | Measured two times: at baseline and after 2 to 4 weeks | 
| Tongue mobility restriction | Assessed through the ratio between maximal mouth opening and maximal mouth opening with tongue to palate, measured with the Quick Tongue-Tie Assessment Tool | Measured once at baseline | 
| Maximum Inspiratory and Expiratory Pressure | Maximum Inspiratory and Expiratory pressure will be measured via the MicroRPM device | Measured once at baseline | 
| Handgrip Strength | Handgrip Strength will be measured with a JAMAR Hand Dynamometer | Measured once at baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Tongue, Motor skills, Protrusion, Strength, Fatigability