Blood Transfusion Education Using Blended Virtual Reality and Simulation for Nursing Undergraduate Students

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Nurse-administered blood transfusion (BT) is a common form of medical treatment, but nursing students are often excluded from participating in and observing BTs during clinical placements. To address clinical placement limitations, nursing educators have increasingly adopted technology-guided simulation pedagogies, including virtual reality (VR) simulation, for nursing students' clinical skills education.

Official Title
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Blood Transfusion Education Using Blended Virtual Reality and Simulation for Nursing Undergraduate Students: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Blood Transfusion Complication

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Evidence-based VR simulation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: All undergraduate nursing students enrolled in the 'Nursing of Adults' course in a pre-licensure program at a Hong Kong university. Exclusion Criteria: Students who had vision impairment to watch VR videos; Students who had neck pain/ injury to move their head, or open wound to wear the VR headset; Students who experienced nausea and dizziness when watching VR videos; Students who had epileptic symptoms
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intervention Group<br>Receive the usual blood transfusion education (i.e. Zoom lecture) with the developed VR (Virtual Reality) video education. | Device: Evidence-based VR simulation<br>* Evidence-based VR simulation videos on BTs for nursing students were developed, including 1) animated blood formation physiology and side effects of BT and 2) 360° BT nursing practice.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control Group<br>Receive the usual blood transfusion education (i.e. Zoom lecture) only. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Blood transfusion knowledge scale (optimised version of the routine blood transfusion knowledge questionnaire [RBTKQ-O]) | A 34-item scale with score ranging from 0 to 34, higher scores indicate higher levels of blood transfusion knowledge. | 12-week | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Student satisfaction and self-confidence scale [SSSC] | A 13-item scale with score ranging from 13 to 65, higher scores in both subscales refer to higher satisfaction levels with the intervention and self-confidence in conducting blood transfusion practice, respectively. | 12-week | 
| General self-efficacy scale [GSES] | A 10-item scale with score ranging from 10 to 40, higher scores indicate higher levels of self-efficacy regarding blood transfusion practice. | 12-week | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Blood transfusion, Nursing education, Nursing practice, Simulation, Virtual reality