Effects of Pea Proteins With Different Degrees of Processing on Postprandial Metabolism in Healthy Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study is to investigate the postprandial metabolic responses to plant-based protein ingredients of different degrees of processing (pea protein concentrate, isolate, and extrudate) and in comparison to whey protein in healthy adults. Therefore, young healthy subjects consume 4 test meals with 25 g of protein from pea protein concentrate, pea protein isolate, pea protein extrudate or whey protein in a randomized order. In a postprandial period of 6 hours, parameters of protein and glucose metabolism (i.a. plasma amino acids), gastric emptying and hunger/satiety are analysed. It is assumed that the plasma amino acid profile after plant protein ingestion differs depending on processing level of the protein ingredients and in comparison to whey protein.

Detailed Description
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In a randomized crossover-design, 20 healthy women and men consume 4 test meals containing either 25 g of protein from plant protein ingredients (pea protein concentrate, isolate, or extrudate) or whey protein together with 1 g paracetamol, which is used as a marker for gastric emptying. During a postprandial period of 6 hours parameters of protein metabolism (e.g. amino acids in plasma and urine), glucose metabolism (plasma glucose, serum insulin) and gastric emptying rate (based on plasma paracetamol) are analysed. Furthermore, subjective hunger/satiety and acceptance of the meals are assed using visual analogue scales. Each intervention arm will be separated by a washout period of at least 7 days.

Official Title
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Acute Effects of Pea Proteins With Different Degrees of Processing on Postprandial Metabolism in Healthy Women and Men

Conditions
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Plasma Amino Acid Appearance and Disappearance, Postprandial Metabolic Events

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Pea protein concentrate
* Other: Pea protein isolate
* Other: Pea protein extrudate
* Other: Whey protein


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: non-smoking metabolically healthy normal weight (BMI: 18,5 - 24,9 kg/m2) written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: pregnancy, lactation hypo- or hypertension underweight or overweight/obesity food intolerances and allergies (especially milk protein, pea, celery) malabsorption syndromes gastrointestinal diseases thyroid diseases diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 impaired kidney or liver function anaemia blood coagulation disorders irregular menstrual cycle endometriosis, severe menstrual problems hormonal contraception regular use of medications (especially habitual use of paracetamol or medications that may interact with paracetamol) hypersensitivity to paracetamol body weight below 50 kg alcohol abuse glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency Gilbert's syndrome vegan diet eating disorders (especially anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa) smoking participation in another study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Pea concentrate<br>Participants randomized to receive a soup containing 25 g of protein from pea protein concentrate | Other: Pea protein concentrate<br>* Ingestion of a soup containing 25 g of protein from pea protein concentrate<br>|
| Experimental: Pea isolate<br>Participants randomized to receive a soup containing 25 g of protein from pea protein isolate | Other: Pea protein isolate<br>* Ingestion of a soup containing 25 g of protein from pea protein isolate<br>|
| Experimental: Pea extrudate<br>Participants randomized to receive a soup containing 25 g of protein from pea protein extrudate | Other: Pea protein extrudate<br>* Ingestion of a soup containing 25 g of protein from pea protein extrudate<br>|
| Active Comparator: Whey<br>Participants randomized to receive a soup containing 25 g of protein from whey protein | Other: Whey protein<br>* Ingestion of a soup containing 25 g of protein from whey protein<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Amino acid profile in blood | Analysis of amino acid profile in plasma (nmol/ml) | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 und 360 minutes) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Parameters of protein metabolism in blood I | Analysis of urea (mg/dL and mol/L) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 und 360 minutes) | 
| Parameters of protein metabolism in blood II | Analysis of nitrogen (mg/dL) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 und 360 minutes) | 
| Parameters of glucose metabolism in blood I | Analysis of glucose (mg/dL and mmol/L) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 und 360 minutes) | 
| Parameters of glucose metabolism in blood II | Analysis of insulin (nmol/L and pmol/L) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 und 360 minutes) | 
| Gastric emptying rate | Analysis of gastric emptying rate based on paracetamol kinetics in blood (µg/mL) | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 und 360 minutes) | 
| Hunger/satiety and acceptance of the meals | Assessment of subjective hunger/satiety and acceptance of the meals by validated visual analogue scale questionnaires (e.g., 0 = not hungry at all, 10 = very hungry) | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 und 360 minutes) | 
| Amino acid profile in urine | Analysis of amino acids in urine (nmol/mL) | Postprandial period of 6 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Postprandial metabolic events