The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on the Symptoms of Functional Dyspepsia

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Although respiratory symptoms were predominant in patients infected with COVID-19, gastrointestinal symptoms were always reported in about 10% patients. Previous studies demonstrated that the SARS-CoV-2 virus still persists in stool samples for a long time after initial infection. Moreover, some patients had a longer duration of COVID-19-related gastrointestinal symptoms, which was defined as post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Previous studies have shown that functional gastrointestinal disorders may occur after acute gastroenteritis. Functional dyspepsia (FD) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders. FD was reported to be correlated with multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, including GI bacterial imbalance, disordered gut microbiota, and disturbed barrier and immune function. It is unknown whether COVID-19 infection could exacerbate the symptoms of FD. Therefore, we followed up a group of FD patients before and after COVID-19 and investigate the impact of COVID-19 infection on the symptoms of FD.

Official Title
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The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on the Symptoms of Functional Dyspepsia

Conditions
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Dyspepsia

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: aged ≥18 years old Patients who met broad criteria of dyspepsia before infection Exclusion Criteria: organ failure defined by Marshall standard severe psychiatric illnesses suspected or identified bowel obstruction known malignancy pregnancy or lactation unable to provide consent

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| The COVID-19 infected group<br>Functional dyspepsia patients infected with COVID-19 | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| a score of 1 or 2 (extremely worse) on a 7-Likert scale assessing dyspepsia symptom change | The patients were interviewed to answer the question Compared with condition before infection, how about is your gut condition now? The following questions were chosen: (1) extremely worse, (2) worse, (3) slightly worse, (4) same as before, (5) slightly better, (6) better or (7) much better. | 1month, 3 months, 6 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Global Overall Symptom score (GOSS) | The GOSS consists of 10 cardinal items (epigastric pain, epigastric discomfort, Heartburn, acid regurgitation, upper abdominal bloating, belching, nausea, early satiety, postprandial fullness, other epigastric symptoms(eg. epigastric burning). Each item can be scored from 1 (no) to 7 (worst). | 1month, 3 months, 6 months | 
| subtypes of functional dyspepsia | functional dyspepsia was classified into three subgroups：(1) Postprandial Distress Syndrome, defined as Bothersome postprandial fullness or/and Bothersome early satiation. (2) Bothersome epigastric pain AND/OR Bothersome epigastric burning. (3) mixed syndrome, defined when postprandial distress syndrome and epigastric pain syndrome presented simultaneously. | 6 months | 
| self-reported severity of symptoms by patients | patients rated the severity of FD as mild, moderate, and severe | 1month, 3 months, 6 months | 
| Other gastrointestinal symptoms | Recurrent lower abdominal pain， dysphoria， altered bowel habit， stool character change， etc. | 1month, 3 months, 6 months | 
| Short Form of Nepean Dyspepsia Index (SF-NDI) | The SF-NDI consists of 10 questions regarding the effects of dyspepsia symptoms (stomach problems) on different aspects of life (tension, interference with daily activities, eating/drinking, knowledge/control, and work/study). Each response can be from 1 (not at all affected) to 5 (extremely affected), or 0 (N/A), for a total summed score out of 50. | 1month, 3 months, 6 months | 
| Hospital anxiety and depression scale | Anxiety and depression of patients are assessed by using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.It contains 14 items (7 anxiety and 7 depression), which assess symptoms experienced during the past week on a 0-3 scale. A subscore of > 8 for depression or anxiety would indicate a clinical case. | 1month, 3 months, 6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Functional Dyspepsia, COVID-19