Warm Pads Applied to the Breast During Episiotomy Repair

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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H1-1 Hypothesis: Warm pads applied to the breast during episiotomy repair in the intervention group will have an effect on increasing milk production compared with the control group. H1-2 Hypothesis: Warm pads applied to the breast of the intervention group during episiotomy repair will have an effect on increasing breastfeeding motivation compared to the control group. H1-3 Hypothesis: Warm pads applied to the breast of the intervention group during episiotomy repair will have an effect on reducing the mother's perception of insufficient milk compared to the control group.

Official Title
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The Effect of Warm Pads Applied to the Breast During Episiotomy Repair on the Amount of Milk, Breastfeeding Motivation and the Perception of Insufficient Milk

Conditions
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Breastfeeding

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Warm Pads Applied to the Breast


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: First pregnancy, Those who are 18 years or older, Can speak Turkish and express themselves in Turkish, Do not have any disability (such as sight, hearing), Gave birth after >37 weeks of pregnancy, Who have had a normal birth and have had an episiotomy, There is no open wound on the breast, A singleton pregnancy, Women who are open to communication and mentally and emotionally healthy. Exclusion Criteria: Those who do not agree to work Those who want to leave for any reason during the application process Having postpartum haemorrhage, Women who develop any postpartum complications, Women whose babies are admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Warm Pads Applied to the Breast<br>When repairing the episiotomy of a pregnant woman who has given birth, a pad heated in a microwave oven at 180 W for 1 minute is applied to each breast for 20 minutes. The application is made when the temperature of the pad, measured with a thermometer, reaches a maximum of 40.5 C. | Other: Warm Pads Applied to the Breast<br>* Applying a warm pad to a breast during episiotomy repair<br>|
| No Intervention: Control<br>A routine care was performed. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Introductory Information Form | The Introductory Information Form is a 15-item survey form prepared by researchers based on the literature. The Introductory Information Form includes 10 questions on socio-demographic characteristics of pregnant women and their partners and 5 questions on obstetric characteristics of pregnant women. | pre-intervention | 
| Postpartum Milk Expression and Amount Information Form | Postpartum Milk Expression and Amount Information Form aims to be evaluated by researchers by asking 8 questions to the intervention group and 6 questions to the control group. The questions were prepared by the researcher. There are statements that need to be measured quantitatively and recorded by the researcher. | in the first hour in postpartum period | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Primiparous Breastfeeding Motivation Scale (PBMS) | The scale, whose Turkish validity and reliability was confirmed by Akçay and Demirgöz Bal in 2019, was published by Stockdale et al. in 2013. PBMS is a 37-item scale developed to evaluate the postnatal breastfeeding motivation in primipara. The scale has four sub-dimensions of The value placed on breastfeeding, Self-efficacy, Perceived support from the midwife and Expectation of success. High scores from the scale indicate high breastfeeding motivation, low scores indicate low breastfeeding motivation. | in the second hour in postpartum period | 
| Perception of Insufficient Milk Supply Questionaire | The scale, developed by McCarter-Spaulding and Kearney in 2001, consists of 6 questions to determine the perception of insufficient breast milk. The Turkish validity and reliability of the scale was conducted by Gökçeoğlu and Küçükoğlu in 2014. The first question of the scale asks whether the mother feels that her milk is sufficient, and is answered with 'yes' or 'no'. Other questions on the scale aim to measure the perception of milk inadequacy. These questions are scored on a scale from 0 to 10 ('0' means the milk is perceived as completely inadequate, '10' means the milk is perceived as completely sufficient). The scale can produce scores from 0 to 50, and a higher total score indicates an increasing perception of milk adequacy. | in the second hour in postpartum period | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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warm pads, perception of insufficient milk