Effect of Cognitive Stimulating Interventions on Cognitive Self-Efficacy and Sense of Happiness Among Older Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The present study aims to determine the effect of cognitive stimulation interventions on cognitive self-efficacy and sense of happiness among older adults. Research hypothesis: Older adults who receive the cognitive stimulation interventions exhibit higher cognitive self-efficacy and sense of happiness than those who do not receive it.

Detailed Description
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A convenient sample of eighty (80) older adults will be used according Epi info V 7.0 program calculation based on the following statistical parameters ; Population size: 250, expected frequency: 50%, confidence coefficient: 95%, acceptable error: 10%, minimum sample size = 70. The study will include eighty (80) older adults aged 60 years and more and fulfilling the following criteria: Inclusion criteria Aged 60 years and old. Able to read and write. Have mild cognitive impairment: score of score of 18-23 based on the Mini Mental State Examination Scale (MMSE). Have no depression: score of 0 to 4 using the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS_SF). Accept participation in the study. 6. Available at the selected setting during the time of data collection. 7. Have no pronounced impairment of their visual and auditory abilities could affect their participation in the group and make use of most of the materials in the sessions, as determined by the researchers. The selected study subjects (80) will be randomly assigned to two equal groups of 40 older adults each as flows; Group 1, study group: include older adults who will receive the proposed interventions, cognitive stimulation interventions. Group 2, control group: include older adults who will receive the routine activities of the elderly club.

Official Title
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Cognitive Stimulating Interventions Improve Cognitive Self- Efficacy and Sense of Happiness Among Older Adults

Conditions
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Self- Efficacy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Cognitive Stimulating Interventions


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria:1. Aged 60 years and old. 2. Able to read and write. 3. Have mild cognitive impairment: score of score of 18-23 based on the Mini Mental State Examination Scale (MMSE). 4. Have no depression: score of 0 to 4 using the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS_SF). 5. Accept participation in the study. 6. Available at the selected setting during the time of data collection. Exclusion Criteria: 7. Have pronounced impairment of their visual and auditory abilities could affect their participation in the group and make use of most of the materials in the sessions, as determined by the researchers.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 60 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Cognitive Stimulating Interventions<br>The study interventions will be developed by the researchers based on review of the related literature and with reference to the CST manual (Spector, et al., 2006), and review on Cognitive Stimulation (Woods et al., 2012). The study subjects of group 1, the study group, will receive the proposed interventions, the cognitive stimulation interventions through small groups of study subjects receiving 12 sessions of group activities (2 sessions/week, approximately 45- 60 minutes/session). A group size of 6 to 8 will be conducted. The interventions group will be conducted in activity rooms within the elderl club. The study subjects group 2, the control group, will receive the routine activities of the elderly club. The researchers will provide the control group with written materials related the essential cognitive stimulation interventions after ending the implementation of the proposed interventions for the study group. | Behavioral: Cognitive Stimulating Interventions<br>* a quasi-experimental research design.The study subjects of group 1, the study group, will receive the proposed interventions, the cognitive stimulation interventions through small groups of study subjects receiving 12 sessions of group activities (2 sessions/week, approximately 45- 60 minutes/session). A group size of 6 to 8 will be conducted. The interventions group will be conducted in activity rooms within the elderly club.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Routine Club care<br>The study subjects group 2, the control group, will receive the routine activities of the elderly club.The researchers will provide the control group with written materials related the essential cognitive stimulation interventions after ending the implementation of the proposed interventions for the study group, | Behavioral: Cognitive Stimulating Interventions<br>* a quasi-experimental research design.The study subjects of group 1, the study group, will receive the proposed interventions, the cognitive stimulation interventions through small groups of study subjects receiving 12 sessions of group activities (2 sessions/week, approximately 45- 60 minutes/session). A group size of 6 to 8 will be conducted. The interventions group will be conducted in activity rooms within the elderly club.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| I) Mini-Mental State Examination (MMS) Scale | The MMS scale was developed by Folestein et al., (1975). It used to assess cognitive function of the older adults. It contained questions concerning registration, orientation, calculation, recall, attention, and language. The MMS scale score was 30 point and classified as follows: -30. -23. -17. The MMS was translated into Arabic and approved to be valid and reliable (r=0.96) by El Husseini (2008). The Arabic version of this scale was used in the present study. | 2 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| II) Geriatric Depression Scale- Short Form (GDS-SF) | The Geriatric Depression Scale - short Form (GDS-SF), a self-report tool with 15-item developed by Yesavage et al. (1983) to assess general well-being and depression in the elderly. The older adults should select one answer either yes (1) or no (0) for their feelings over the past week. The scores ranged from 0 to 15. Items' score will be calculated for the total score. A score of 0 to 4 meant no depression, score of 5 to 8 meant mild depression, score of 9 to 11 meant moderate depression, and 12-15 meant severe depression. The GDS-SF was translated into Arabic and approved to be reliable (r=0.70) and valid by ElHusseini (2013). The Arabic version of this scale was used in the current study. | 2 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Sense of Happiness, Cognitive Stimulating Interventions