Effects of Early Time Restricted Eating on Muscle Performance in Resistance Trained Individuals

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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A randomized controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of early time-restricted eating on muscle performance and body composition in active, resistance trained adults. Two parallel groups will be randomly assigned to either the early time-restricted eating or a control group. All participants will be asked to maintain their usual exercise routines during the 6 week intervention period. Muscle strength and endurance are the primary outcomes. Body composition (body weight, fat mass, fat-free mass and percent body fat), hunger and satiety ratings, sleep quality, energy intake, diet quality, macronutrient composition and adherence are secondary outcome measures.

Official Title
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Effects of 6-weeks of Early Time Restricted Eating on Muscle Performance in Resistance Trained Individuals

Conditions
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Time Restricted Eating

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: early time restricted eating


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Adults between 18 - 50 years Performing resistance training at least twice per week (for ≥1 yr) BMI ≥ 18.5 Exclusion Criteria: Currently sedentary or not engaged in resistance training. Major surgeries in muscles/joints during the past 3 months BMI < 18.5 Ineligible to engage in physical activity according to 2022 Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for everyone (PAR-Q+) Take anabolic steroids or on hormone replacement therapy. Current smoker. Following restrictive diets (Vegan, vegetarian, intermittent fasting, Paleo, calorie restriction, keto/ low carbohydrate diet or any other restrictive diets) Active cancer or cancer requiring treatment in the past 2 years (except non-melanoma skin cancer). Musculoskeletal disorders Diagnosed with cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction, heart surgery, heart failure and had a heart transplant. Have pacemaker or metal implants Diagnosed diabetes (type 1 or 2). Diagnosed hypertension or high blood pressure (>130/90). Diagnosed eating disorder or score ≥ 20 on Eating Attitudes Test -26 (EAT26) survey Missing limbs/ have prosthetics Had surgery in joints/muscle in the past year. Received medical advise against exercising due to medical reasons. On medication for conditions related to the thyroid gland Unwilling to commit for a 7-week study Likely to move away from participating clinic before trial completed Unable or unwilling to give informed consent Another household member is a participant or staff member in the trial Unwilling to accept treatment assignment by randomization Current or anticipated participation in another intervention research project that would interfere with the intervention offered in the trial Pregnant or < 6 months since giving birth. Any other condition which, in opinion of investigators, that would adversely affect conduct of the trial.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: early time-restricted eating<br>The Early Time Restricted Eating (eTRE) group will be asked to consume calorie containing food or drinks only between 9am to 5pm, daily. At other times they are to avoid consuming any calorie containing food or drinks. | Behavioral: early time restricted eating<br>* The intervention group will eat in a prescribed daily feeding window (9am-5pm) and follow their normal exercise and resistance training routines. We will allow up till +/-1 hour for the eating window start and end times while aiming for an 8 hour eating window.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control<br>The Control group will follow their usual eating routine. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Muscular strength | Pre and post intervention testing of muscular strength using one-rep max | 6-weeks | 
| Muscular endurance | Pre and post intervention testing of muscular endurance using barbell bench press and squat. | 6-weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Body weight (kg) | Pre and post intervention measures of body weight. | 6-weeks | 
| Hunger and satiety | Pre and post intervention subjective measure of hunger and satiety with the use of a Hunger and Satiety Visual Analog Scale (minimum value zero, maximum value 10). Higher the score, the more hungry/ less satiated one is. | 6-weeks | 
| Sleep quality | Pre and post intervention measure of subjective sleep quality by use of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale. (each question can be scored from 0-3, then an aggregate score of the whole survey can range from 0-21; The higher the score the worst the sleep quality). | 6-weeks | 
| Total calorie intake | Pre and post intervention measurements of calorie intake based on 24-hour food recall survey using the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour (ASA24) software. | 6-weeks | 
| Diet Quality | Pre and post intervention measurements of diet quality based on 24-hour food recall survey using the ASA24 software and Healthy Eating Index. | 6-weeks | 
| Diet macronutrient composition | Pre and post intervention measurements of macronutrients based on 24-hour food recall survey using the ASA24 software. | 6-weeks | 
| Adherence | Percent of days during the 6-week trial when eTRE was adhered to as recommended. This will be recorded by the participants daily throughout the entire study. | 6-weeks | 
| Fat mass | Pre and post intervention measurements of body fat mass (kg). | 6-weeks | 
| Fat-free mass | pre and post intervention measurements of body fat-free mass (kg). | 6-weeks | 
| Body fat percentage | Pre and post intervention measurements of body fat percentage. | 6-weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Intermittent fasting, Time restricted eating