Effect of Water Biking in Hot Versus Neutral Water for Heat Acclimatation

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the efficiency of water biking training in hot (35°C) versus neutral (25°C) temperature water to elicite heat acclimation in healthy recreative athletes.

Detailed Description
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The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the efficiency of water biking training in hot (35°C) versus neutral (25°C) temperature water to elicite heat acclimation in healthy recreative athletes. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does the water biking training protocol in hot versus neutral temperature water improve the time trial in an artificially hot and humid indoor environment? Does the water biking training protocol in hot versus neutral temperature water improve the VO2 max performance and force/velocity profile in neutral indoor environment? What are the main acclimation adaptations (central and cutaneous temperature), heart rate, cardiac function, sweating quality, sleep quality, haematologic profile. Participants will have to do pre and post training tests in both normal environment (cardiorespiratory stress test, force/velocity profile test, echocardiography) and artificially hot and humid indoor environment (time trial). The training protocols consists in 10 sessions of 1 hour of water bike aerobic training (5 times a week for 2 weeks) at an intensity based on the heart rate corresponding to the 1st respiratory threshold, in hot (interventional group IG: 35°C) versus neutral (control group CG: 25°C) water.

Official Title
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Effect of Hot Versus Neutral Water for Heat Acclimatation and Sport Performance During a Water Biking Training Protocol : Controlled Randomised Study

Conditions
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Healthy, Heat Exposure

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Water Biking in hot water condition
* Other: Water Biking in neutral water condition


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy people Sports practicing Exclusion Criteria: Acclimatation already done (recent training in hot and/or humid) less than 2 months Heart disease recent or non controlled Heat intolerance Water phobia or inable to swim

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Hot water condition<br>Participants do the water biking training for two weeks, 1 hour a day, in hot water temperature (35°C) | Other: Water Biking in hot water condition<br>* Training protocol includes 10 water biking sessions in hot water temperature (35°C) for this group<br>|
| Sham Comparator: Neutral water condition<br>Participants do the water biking training for two weeks, 1 hour a day, in neutral water temperature (25°C) | Other: Water Biking in neutral water condition<br>* Training protocol includes 10 water biking sessions in neutral water temperature (25°C) for this group<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change of the distance traveled (meter) on a Time Trial between pre and post training tests in hot and humid atmosphere (environmental room) | The participant has to perform the longer distance possible in 30 min on a stationary bike in hot and humid atmosphere (environmental room). The change of distance (measured in meter) will be assessed before and after the 2 weeks training program. | The 1st Time Trial will be performed the week preceding the program training. The 2nd Time Trial will be performed the week following the program training | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in VO2 Max (ml/kg/min) between pre and post training tests in normal environment | The participant has to perform a maximal cardiorespiratory test on a stationary bike in normal environment. The change in VO2 Max (measured in ml/kg/min) will be assessed before and after the 2 weeks training program. | The 1st maximal cardiorespiratory test will be performed the week preceding the program training. The 2nd maximal cardiorespiratory test will be performed the week following the program training | 
| Change in Maximal Aerobic Power (Watts) between pre and post training tests in normal environment | The participant has to perform a maximal cardiorespiratory test on a stationary bike in normal environment. The change in Maximal Aerobic Power (measured in Watts) will be assessed before and after the 2 weeks training program. | The 1st maximal cardiorespiratory test will be performed the week preceding the program training. The 2nd maximal cardiorespiratory test will be performed the week following the program training | 
| Change of global longitudinal strain of left ventricule (%) measured during an echocardiography between pre and post training tests in normal environment | The participant has to pass an echocardiography with specific measurment of global longitudinal strain of left ventricule (united in %). The change will be assessed before and after the 2 weeks training program. | The 1st echocardiography will be performed the week preceding the program training. The 2nd echocardiography will be performed the week following the program training | 
| Change on central temperature (°C) between pre and post training test in hot and humid atmosphere (environmental room) | Central temperature will be measured during Time Trial in hot and humid atmosphere (environmental room). The change on central temperature (measured in °C) will be assessed before and after the 2 weeks training program. | The 1st Time Trial will be performed the week preceding the program training. The 2nd Time Trial will be performed the week following the program training | 
| Change on cutaneours temperature (°C) between pre and post training test in hot and humid atmosphere (environmental room) | Cutaneous temperature will be measured during Time Trial in hot and humid atmosphere (environmental room). The change on cutaneours temperature (measured in °C) will be assessed before and after the 2 weeks training program. | The 1st Time Trial will be performed the week preceding the program training. The 2nd Time Trial will be performed the week following the program training | 
| Change of Na concentration (mmol/L) in the sweat between pre and post training test in hot and humid atmosphere (environmental room) | Sweat quality will be measured during Time Trial in hot and humid atmosphere (environmental room). The change of Na concentration (measured in mmol/l) will be assessed before and after the 2 weeks training program. | The 1st Time Trial will be performed the week preceding the program training. The 2nd Time Trial will be performed the week following the program training | 
| Change of body weight loss (Kg) between pre and post training test in hot and humid atmosphere (environmental room) | Body weight loss will be measured before and after Time Trial in hot and humid atmosphere (environmental room). The change of the body weight (measured in Kg) will be assessed between before and after the 2 weeks training program. | The 1st measure of body weight will be performed the week preceding the program training. The 2nd measure of body weight will be performed the week following the program training | 
| Change of Sleep quality between the first and the last training session of water biking | Sleep quality will be measured after the first and the last training session using a specific sleep self-questionnaire (PSQI) to detect the effect of hot or neutral water training during the 2 weeks training program. PSQI : Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Qualitative questionnaire, no score measured. | The sleep self-questionnaire will be performed immediately after the first training session (Day 1) and immediately after the last training session (Day 10) of water biking | 
| Change of force/velocity power (N/m) between pre and post training test | The participant has to perform a maximal force/velocity test to measure the force/velocity power on a specific fitness testing cycle (Monark 818 E). The change of force/velocity power (measured in N/m) will be assessed between before and after the 2 weeks training program. | The 1st measure of force/velocity power will be performed the week preceding the program training. The 2nd measure of force/velocity power will be performed the week following the program training | 
| Change of sytemic low grade inflammation (CRP = C-Reactive Protein, mg/l) between pre and post training test | A blood test will be performed to measure the change of CRP concentration (measured in mg/l) between before and after the 2 weeks training program. | The 1st measure of CRP will be performed the week preceding the program training. The 2nd measure of CRP will be performed the week following the program training | 
| Change of haematocrit (%) between pre and post training test | A blood test with complete blood count will be performed to measure the change of haematocrit (which is expressed in %) between before and after the 2 weeks training program. | The 1st measure of haematocrit will be performed the week preceding the program training. The 2nd measure of haematocrit will be performed the week following the program training | 
| Change of hemoglobin level (g/100ml) between pre and post training test | A blood test with complete blood count will be performed to measure the change of hemoglobin level (measured in g/100ml) between before and after the 2 weeks training program. | The 1st measure of hemoglobin level will be performed the week preceding the program training. The 2nd measure of hemoglobin level will be performed the week following the program training | 
| Change of Rate of Perceived Effort (RPE) on a Time Trial between pre and post training tests | The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) will be used to measure physical activity intensity level. The scale is from 6 to 20. The higher the score is, the higher the perception of effort is. RPE will be measured after the first Time Trial and after the second Time Trial (post training protocol). | The 1st Time Trial will be performed the week preceding the program training. The 2nd Time Trial will be performed the week following the program training | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Water biking, Acclimatization