Early Evaluation After Cardiac Surgery

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study is to examine the changes in respiratory function, respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity markers and the relationship between them in patients who have undergone open heart surgery and are at the discharge stage. Method: Preoperative and postoperative evaluation results of 34 patients at discharge will be examined. Evaluations in the file; demographic data, respiratory functions; It will include spirometric measurements and intraoral pressure measurements and functional capacity measurement results. SPSS version 25 will be used in data analysis. The distribution of the participants according to their gender among the groups, presence of chronic diseases, regular drug use, smoking, alcohol use, regular exercise habits will be evaluated with the chi-square test. The conformity of the data to the normal distribution will be tested with the Shaphiro-Wilk Test. The difference between before and after the operation will be evaluated with the Paired Sample T Test. Pearson Correlation Test was performed for the relationship between independent variables and the significance level will be accepted as p<0.05.

Detailed Description
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The patient data analyzed for this retrospective study will be selected from the files of patients who underwent open heart surgery at Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and whose data required for the study were complete in their discharge file. Patient data between 2018 and 2022 will be reviewed and patients who consented to use their data for the study will be included in the study. Evaluation data of the patients before the operation and at the discharge stage after the operation will be drawn from the patient files. The study will be prepared in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration Criteria. Before starting the study, ethics committee approval was obtained from Istanbul University Istanbul Medical Faculty Clinical Research Ethics Committee (permission no: 1208327; date: 15/09/2022). All patients were informed verbally/written about the study and their written consents will be obtained. The inclusion criteria of the files in the study will be determined as the patient's age between 25-70 years, having undergone open heart surgery, being included in a phase 1 cardiac rehabilitation program, and having an ejection fraction above 40% before the operation. Files of patients who do not meet the inclusion criteria and do not give the necessary permission to use their data will not be included in the study. Spirometric Measurements FVC, FEVı, FEVı%, PEF, FEF25-75 and MVV values, which were evaluated according to the ATS/ERS (American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society) criteria, where the highest results were recorded as a result of the measurements repeated 3 times in the PFT test, will be drawn from the patient files. Intraoral Pressure Measurement Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) values evaluated according to ATS/ERS criteria, where the highest results are recorded as a result of measurements repeated 3 times in the respiratory muscle strength test, will be drawn from the patient files. While interpreting the results, the normal values of inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength determined by age and gender will be taken and the percentage of the expected value will be used. Functional Capacity 6-minute walk test (6MWT) Information about the test, which is applied in a 30-meter (m) long hospital corridor and the 6-minute walking distance of the patients is recorded, will be drawn from the patient file.

Official Title
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Investigation of Early Change and Relationship Between Respiratory Functions, Respiratory Muscle Strength and Functional Capacities of Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery

Conditions
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Open Heart Surgery

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: evaluation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: The patient is between the ages of 25-70 Having had open heart surgery Being enrolled in a phase 1 cardiac rehabilitation program Preoperative ejection fraction above 40% Exclusion Criteria: Not meeting the inclusion criteria Who do not give the necessary permission to use their data

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 25 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| patients undergoing open heart surgery<br>Patients who underwent open heart surgery at Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery between 2018 and 2022, and whose data required for the study are complete in their discharge file. The inclusion criteria of the files were: the patient was between the ages of 25-70, had undergone open heart surgery, was included in a phase 1 cardiac rehabilitation program, and had a preoperative ejection fraction of over 40%. Files of patients who do not meet the inclusion criteria and do not give the necessary permission to use their data will not be included in the study. | Other: evaluation<br>* examining files and taking records<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Spirometric Measurements-Forced vital capacity (FVC) | FVC value, which was evaluated according to the ATS/ERS (American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society) criteria, where the highest results were recorded as a result of the measurements repeated 3 times in the PFT test, will be drawn from the patient files. | through study completion, an average of 1 months] | 
| Spirometric Measurements-Forced expiratory volume (FEV1) | Forced expiratory volume (FEV1) calculates the amount of air that a person can force out of their lungs in 1 second. FEV1 value, which was evaluated according to the ATS/ERS (American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society) criteria, where the highest results were recorded as a result of the measurements repeated 3 times in the PFT test, will be drawn from the patient files. | through study completion, an average of 1 months] | 
| Spirometric Measurements-FEF25-75 | FEF25-75 is the most sensitive measure of airflow in peripheral airways where primary airflow obstruction originates,7 and it is reduced in early bronchial impairment, which is associated with small airway disease. FEF25-75 value, which was evaluated according to the ATS/ERS (American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society) criteria, where the highest results were recorded as a result of the measurements repeated 3 times in the PFT test, will be drawn from the patient files. | through study completion, an average of 1 months] | 
| Spirometric Measurements-MVV | Formerly referred to as maximum breathing capacity, maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) is a pulmonary function test (PFT) that measures the maximum amount of air a person can inhale and then exhale with voluntary effort MVV value, which was evaluated according to the ATS/ERS (American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society) criteria, where the highest results were recorded as a result of the measurements repeated 3 times in the PFT test, will be drawn from the patient files. | through study completion, an average of 1 months] | 
| Spirometric Measurements--Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) | PEF value, which was evaluated according to the ATS/ERS (American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society) criteria, where the highest results were recorded as a result of the measurements repeated 3 times in the PFT test, will be drawn from the patient files. | through study completion, an average of 1 months] | 
| Intraoral Pressure Measurement-MIP | Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) value evaluated according to ATS/ERS criteria, where the highest results are recorded as a result of measurements repeated 3 times in the respiratory muscle strength test, will be drawn from the patient files. While interpreting the results, the normal values of inspiratory determined by age and gender were taken and the percentage of the expected value will be used. | through study completion, an average of 1 months] | 
| Intraoral Pressure Measurement-MEP | Maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) value evaluated according to ATS/ERS criteria, where the highest results are recorded as a result of measurements repeated 3 times in the respiratory muscle strength test, will be drawn from the patient files. While interpreting the results, the normal values of expiratory muscle strength determined by age and gender were taken and the percentage of the expected value will be used. | through study completion, an average of 1 months] | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Functional Capacity | 6-minute walk test (6MWT) Information about the test, which is applied in a 30-meter (m) long hospital corridor and the 6-minute walking distance of the patients is recorded, will be drawn from the patient file (ATS, 2016). | through study completion, an average of 1 months] | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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open heart surgery, respiratory functions, cardiac surgery, respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity