Assessment Of Different Indices in Prediction of Noninvasive Ventilation Failure in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study will use different indices for prediction of NIV failure in ARF patients Evaluation of HACOR score and ROX index for early prediction of NIV failure in patients with ARF. Study value of diaphragmatic dysfunction assessed by ultrasound as tool for prediction of success of NIV in ARF patients. Compare clinical significance of these scoring systems between hypoxemic and hypercapnic RF

Detailed Description
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Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a useful and safe method to improve gas exchange in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) of different etiologies. NIV reduces the work of breathing, improves arterial oxygenation and alveolar ventilation. It is associated with improved survival in the acute care setting (Cabrini L 2015) when compared to conventional oxygen therapy. As NIV offers several major advantages over invasive ventilation (e.g., preserving the ability to swallow, cough, and communicate verbally), it is widely used to avoid intubation. Although NIV nowadays is frequently used, its failure rate remains high (25-59%), indicating that not all patients benefit from this treatment. There is an association between the unsuccessful NIV and the poor outcome has been suggested. Among patients who experience NIV failure, either premature or delayed NIV discontinuation further increases mortality. Thus, identifying the predictors of NIV failure is crucial because of the strong link between failure and poor outcomes. So, researchers woke to make scoring systems that may predict NIV failure, as HACOR and ROX indices. Recently, ultrasonography (US) of the diaphragm as a bedside method is used for evaluation of diaphragmatic function and predicting failure of NIV in acutely ill patients. Up till now there is limited research to support significance of different indices for prediction of NIV failure and need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).

Official Title
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Assessment Of Different Indices in Prediction of Noninvasive Ventilation Failure in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure

Conditions
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Non-invasive Ventilation

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: non invasive ventilation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure who need Noninvasive ventilation. Patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure who need Noninvasive ventilation. Exclusion Criteria: Age < 18 years old. Patients with unconsciousness, severe hemodynamic instability, unable to fit mask (Recent facial surgery, trauma, or deformity), inability to protect the airway or clear respiratory secretions or any other contraindication of NIV. neuromuscular disease or chest wall deformities. Pregnancy. NIV intolerance. severe obesity with Body Mass Index (BMI)≥35 kg/m2

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Other: non invasive ventilation|compare indices and diaphragmatic ultrasonography for prediction of NIV failure in acute RF patients|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| measure value of HACOR score for prediction of failure of NIV in ARF patients. | HACOR score (Heart rate, Acidosis, Consciousness, Oxygenation, Respiratory rate) It will be analyzed as continuous value and dichotomized as ≤ or > 5 | Baseline (before starting NIV treatment) | 
| measure value of HACOR score for prediction of failure of NIV in ARF patients. | HACOR score (Heart rate, Acidosis, Consciousness, Oxygenation, Respiratory rate) It will be analyzed as continuous value and dichotomized as ≤ or > 5 | at 1 hour of NIV treatment | 
| measure value of HACOR score for prediction of failure of NIV in ARF patients. | HACOR score (Heart rate, Acidosis, Consciousness, Oxygenation, Respiratory rate) It will be analyzed as continuous value and dichotomized as ≤ or > 5 | at 6 hours of NIV treatment | 
| measure value of HACOR score for prediction of failure of NIV in ARF patients. | HACOR score (Heart rate, Acidosis, Consciousness, Oxygenation, Respiratory rate) It will be analyzed as continuous value and dichotomized as ≤ or > 5 | at 12 hours of NIV treatment | 
| measure value of HACOR score for prediction of failure of NIV in ARF patients. | HACOR score (Heart rate, Acidosis, Consciousness, Oxygenation, Respiratory rate) It will be analyzed as continuous value and dichotomized as ≤ or > 5 | at 24 hours of NIV treatment | 
| measure value of HACOR score for prediction of failure of NIV in ARF patients. | HACOR score (Heart rate, Acidosis, Consciousness, Oxygenation, Respiratory rate) It will be analyzed as continuous value and dichotomized as ≤ or > 5 | at 48 hours of NIV treatment | 
| measure value of ROX index for prediction of failure of NIV in ARF patients. | ROX index is the ratio of oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2)/ fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) to respiratory rate (RR). It will be analyzed as continuous value and dichotomized as < or ≥ 4.88 | Baseline (before starting NIV treatment) | 
| measure value of ROX index for prediction of failure of NIV in ARF patients. | ROX index is the ratio of oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2)/ fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) to respiratory rate (RR). It will be analyzed as continuous value and dichotomized as < or ≥ 4.88 | at first hour of NIV treatment | 
| measure value of ROX index for prediction of failure of NIV in ARF patients. | ROX index is the ratio of oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2)/ fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) to respiratory rate (RR). It will be analyzed as continuous value and dichotomized as < or ≥ 4.88 | at 6 hours of NIV treatment | 
| measure value of ROX index for prediction of failure of NIV in ARF patients. | ROX index is the ratio of oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2)/ fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) to respiratory rate (RR). It will be analyzed as continuous value and dichotomized as < or ≥ 4.88 | at 12 hours of NIV treatment | 
| measure value of ROX index for prediction of failure of NIV in ARF patients. | ROX index is the ratio of oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2)/ fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) to respiratory rate (RR). It will be analyzed as continuous value and dichotomized as < or ≥ 4.88 | at 24 hours of NIV treatment | 
| measure value of ROX index for prediction of failure of NIV in ARF patients. | ROX index is the ratio of oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2)/ fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) to respiratory rate (RR). It will be analyzed as continuous value and dichotomized as < or ≥ 4.88 | at 48 hours of NIV treatment | 
| diaphragmatic thickness assessment by ultrasound | ultrasonographic measurement of diaphragmatic thickness fraction for prediction of failure of NIV in ARF patients. | at first 1 day of starting NIV treatment | 
| diaphragmatic dysfunction assessment by ultrasound | ultrasonographic measurement of diaphragmatic excursion for prediction of failure of NIV in ARF patients. | at first 1 day of starting NIV treatment |