The Power of Self-efficacy-based Interventions in Fostering Caring Self-efficacy and Overcoming Job-related Stress and Perceived Stigma Among Psychiatric Nurses

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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People with high self-efficacy set goals to challenge and improve their task achievement rate; however, people with low self-efficacy tend to have fluctuation in their ways of thinking, which results in dampened spirits. Self-efficacy affects mental health. Therefore, psychiatric nurses' achievements that affect their self-efficacy may differ from those of general workers or other nurses. In such a situation, psychiatric nurses feel that uncertainty of care and an unmotivated appearance of the patient can lead to reduced self-efficacy. Consequently, nurses are likely to give up active involvement with patients who will not be leaving the hospital.

Detailed Description
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The intervention aims at increasing self-efficacy and consists of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)-based exercises related to sources of self-efficacy beliefs: 1) mastery experiences, 2) vicarious experiences, 3) verbal persuasions, and 4) emotional and physiological states.

Official Title
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The Power of Self-efficacy-based Interventions in Fostering Caring Self-efficacy and Overcoming Job-related Stress and Perceived Stigma Among Psychiatric Nurses

Conditions
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Caring Efficacy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: self-efficacy-based interventions


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Only psychiatric nurses. Still working at the time of data collection Willing to participate in the study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intervention group<br>Experimental: Intervention group Group one (study group, 40 nurses): received self-efficacy-based interventions. | Behavioral: self-efficacy-based interventions<br>* The intervention aims at increasing self-efficacy and consists of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)-based exercises related to sources of self-efficacy beliefs: 1) mastery experiences, 2) vicarious experiences, 3) verbal persuasions, and 4) emotional and physiological states.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control group<br>Group two(the control group, 40 nurses):act as a control group/ waiting list | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Caring Efficacy | The Caring Efficacy Scale developed by Coates,3 is a 30-item, 6-point, Likert- type self-report scale (strongly disagree -3 to strongly agree +3), which assesses nurses' caring efficacy (i.e. confidence relating to ability to express a caring orientation and develop caring relationships with patients). | 3 months | 
| Psychiatric Nurses Job Stress | Psychiatric Nurses Job Stress Scale (PNJSS): was developed by Yada, (2011) and modified by Yada, (2015). It concerned with nurses' stressors in psychiatry departments by contributing to the self-care of psychiatric nurses and the line care of managerial staff. it containing 22 items. | 3 months | 
| perceived stigma | Perceived devaluation and discrimination scale (PDD): is a 12-item tool which measures the extent to which a person believes that most people will devalue or discriminate against someone with a mental illness. PDD was measured on a 4-point Likert scale with possible scores ranging from 1 to 4 agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = agree, and 4 = strongly agree) | 3 months |