The Effect of Exercises on Pain and Kinesiophobia in Transplant Patients

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Liver transplantation is a treatment method used in acute and chronic liver failure. Progressive Relaxation Exercises, which are non-pharmacological methods aimed at minimizing complications and improving the quality of life after liver transplantation, have been reported to have many benefits such as reducing acute and chronic pain, reducing fatigue and reducing muscle tension. Therefore, in this study, the effects of progressive relaxation exercises on pain and kinesiophobia in liver transplant patients were examined.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Liver transplantation is a common treatment for acute and chronic liver failure, liver malignancy and complicated cirrhosis. Although life expectancy increases after liver transplantation, some undesirable problems such as rejection, cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension, infection and malignancy occur. Preferring non-pharmacological methods to minimise complications and improve quality of life accelerates the return of the individual to normal life. Progressive Relaxation Exercises, one of these methods, can activate the parasympathetic nervous system, blood pressure, heart and respiratory rate can be kept within clinically normal limits due to vasodilatation in the blood vessels in the peripheral area and oxygen requirement is reduced. PGE has been reported to have many benefits such as reducing the effects of anxiety and stress, reducing acute and chronic pain, nausea and vomiting, facilitating sleep, reducing fatigue, reducing respiration, blood pressure, heart rate and muscle tension. Therefore, in this study, the effects of progressive relaxation exercises on pain and kinesiophobia in liver transplant patients were examined.

Official Title
-----------------
The Effect of Progressive Relaxation Exercises on Pain and Kinesiophobia After Liver Transplantation

Conditions
-----------------
Liver Transplantation

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Behavioral: Progressive relaxation exercises


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Patients over the age of 18 who agreed to participate in the study, Patients undergoing Liver Transplantation Patients without a disabling psychiatric disorder Exclusion Criteria: Patients under the age of 18 who do not agree to participate in the study. Those who have a psychiatric diagnosis that prevents communication.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: This study was conducted as a randomised controlled study with experimental and control groups.
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Progressive relaxation exercise group<br>Sociodemographic information form, numerical pain scale and kinesiophobia scale were applied to the patients in the experimental group after liver transplantation. They were shown 15 minutes progressive relaxation exercises prepared by Mark Connelly and Jennifer Bickel on Youtube, and then the numerical pain scale and kinesiophobia scale were applied again. | Behavioral: Progressive relaxation exercises<br>* The progressive muscle relaxation technique involves suggestive stretching and relaxation in sixteen different muscle groups of the body. This technique is based on tensing each muscle group for approximately 10 seconds and then abruptly releasing this tension.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control group<br>No application other than clinical protocols was performed in the follow-up of the patient. In the control group, sociodemographic information form, kinesiophobia scale and numerical pain scale were applied after liver transplantation. No intervention was made. Then, the kinesiophobia scale and numerical pain scale were applied again. | |

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pain Level | The pain levels of the patients were measured by means of the visual pain scale. [Time Frame: up to 24 hours post-surgery (0-1 day)] | up to 24 hours liver transplant (0-1 day | 
| Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS) | The kinesiophobia levels of the patients were evaluated postoperatively and 24 hours after surgery. | up to 24 hours liver transplant (0-1 day | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Liver Transplantation, Progressive Relaxation Exercises, Pain, Pain level, Kinesiophobia