Effect of Self-affirmation Versus Back Massage on Psychological Distress and Fear of Birth Among Primigravid Women in Third Trimester

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Based on the literature review, care must be emphasized on aspects of self-strengthening or self-affirmation to reduce stress and fear and equip women with the ability to manage stress and fear due to negative thoughts. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of self-affirmation versus back massage on psychological distress and fear of birth among primigravid women in third trimester.

Official Title
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Effect of Self-affirmation Versus Back Massage on Psychological Distress and Fear of Birth Among Primigravid Women in Third Trimester

Conditions
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Self-affirmation, Back Massage

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Self-affirmation versus back massage


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: • Pregnant women aged 20-35 years. Primigravida women. Read &write. During third trimester of pregnancy. Free from any medical, obstetric, gynecological and other psychological risk factors and /or conditions With normal course of pregnancy. Attend regular antenatal care visits. With intact back skin and free from burn, wound or any scar, injury, inflammation and allergy.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Group I<br>Pregnant women will be given love cards containing positive affirmations that will be trained outside the classroom by asking the mother to practice alone once a day between waking up, before bed, or when relaxing. The suggestions will be implanted using simple language, easy to understand, in detail, and straightforward. For example, From now, I know how to take care of myself in pregnancy and trust in my ability to birth my baby. Love cards will be developed through literature studies and expert tests containing positive affirmations for pregnancy and childbirth. | Behavioral: Self-affirmation versus back massage<br>* Self-affirmation is non-pharmacological intervention which represents structured sentences to convey to the subconscious mind to help in reprogramming negative thoughts into positive ones. Massage is defined as systematic touch of soft tissues for therapeutic purposes, such as pain relief, increased comfort and patient's relaxation<br>|
| Experimental: Group 2<br>The researcher will be used the heel of the hands, moving along the spine; using the palms moving hands with rocking movements from the top of the shoulder blade to the backbone; pressing fingertips, along both sides of the spine from the neck to the backbone and then stroking upward from the hip to the neck; stroking the shoulder muscles(trapezius); inching up the back, using fingertips placed on sides of spine, starting from the hipbone to the neck and then reversing the direction downward using fingertips in a raking fashion; massaging the lower back from the backbone across the waistline using the heel of the palm to make large circles; long gliding strokes from the hip up and over the shoulder (Nair ,. 2020 ; El-Hosary et al,. 2019). Back massage will be done in four sessions each session takes 10 minutes and will be performed every week. | Behavioral: Self-affirmation versus back massage<br>* Self-affirmation is non-pharmacological intervention which represents structured sentences to convey to the subconscious mind to help in reprogramming negative thoughts into positive ones. Massage is defined as systematic touch of soft tissues for therapeutic purposes, such as pain relief, increased comfort and patient's relaxation<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Psychological Distress | The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) is a simple measure of psychological distress (Kessler et al., 2003). The K10 scale involves 10 questions about emotional states each with a five-level response scale. The measure can be used as a brief screen to identify levels of distress | 2 months | 
| Fear of childbirth | The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) is a standardized screening method for measuring fear of childbirth during pregnancy (Wijma et al., 1998). | 2 months |