Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Mango Polyphenols.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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To date however, the majority of information on bioaccessibility and bioavailability of mango phytochemicals has been generated in vitro and animal models using isolated compounds or extracts from mango leaf and mango seed kernels, which do not represent the delivery/absorption of phytochemicals from a complex food matrix such as mango puree. Consequently, a paucity of data exists on the bioavailability and metabolism of (poly)phenolic compounds following ingestion of fresh mango puree either using targeted or untargeted metabolomics approaches. Mango puree (poly)phenolic bioavailability in humans (both healthy and ilesotomists) will be investigated using both targeted and untargeted metabolomics; further we will establish the bioactivity of mango (poly)phenols with respect to gastrointestinal health. A comprehensive understanding of the bioavailability of fresh mango puree (polyp)henols, will have direct relevance to the development of any mango-based novel food products. Acute bioavailability feeding study in two groups Ileostomists (n= 10) and health adults (N=10), as described below. Prior to attending the visit participants were asked to follow a restriction diet for 48 hours before the study and also during the 24 hours of the study clinic visit, which involved the intake of food containing low levels of polyphenols. Ileostomists (n=10) Twenty four hours before clinic visit, the participant started a urine collection, and were asked to fast from 9pm the night before the visit (i.e. no food taken overnight and no breakfast). On the morning of the study day, the participants were asked to attend the clinic, bringing their overnight stoma bag. The 24 hr urine sample was provided, and the overnight stoma bag was removed and replaced with a new stoma bag by the participant, and passed to the researcher. A cannula was fitted in the participants arm by a qualified phlebotomist and a blood sample ( 14 ml, 6 ml draw off + 8ml sample) collected. The participant was given  300 g of mango purée to consume. Blood samples ( 14 ml, 6 ml draw off + 8ml sample) were collected at hourly intervals for 8 hrs from the cannula (0, 0.5,1,1.5,2,3,4,6,8 and 24 hrs). Urine was collected between 0-4 hrs, 4-8hrs and 8-24 hrs, a fresh sample bottle was provided at each time point. Ileal samples were collected at 0-4 hrs, 4-8hrs and 8-24 hrs, the stoma bag was removed and replaced with a new stoma bag by the participant at each sampling point. A restriction diet lunch was provided to the participant after the 4 hr blood draw. After the 8 hr sample the participant was free to return home. The next morning the participant returned to the clinic and the 24 hr samples (blood, urine, ileal) collected. The urine & ileal samples were collected, and normal a normal phlebotomy draw will be used to collect the 24 hr blood sample. The participant is then finished the study was free to return to their normal diet. Ileostomist participants each provided 4 ileal fluid samples, 4 urine samples and 10 blood samples over the sampling period. Healthy participants (n=10) Twenty four hours before clinic visit, the participant started a urine collection, they were asked to fast from 9pm the night before the visit (i.e. no food taken overnight and no breakfast). On the morning of the study day, the participant was asked to attend the clinic. The 24 hr urine sample was collected and a faecal sample was provided. A cannula was fitted in the participants arm by a qualified phlebotomist and a blood sample ( 14 ml, 6 ml draw off + 8ml sample) collected. The participant was then given  300 g of mango purée to consume. Blood samples ( 14 ml, 6 ml draw off + 8ml sample) were collected at hourly intervals for 8 hrs from the cannula (0, 0.5,1,1.5,2,3,4,6,8 and 24 hrs). Urine samples were collected between 0-4 hrs, 4-8hrs and 8-24 hrs, a fresh sample bottle was provided at each time point. A restriction diet lunch was provided to the participant after the 4 hr blood draw. After the 8 hr sample the participant was free to return home. The next morning the participant returned to the clinic and the 24 hr samples (blood, urine, faecal) collected. The urine and faecal samples were collected, and normal a normal phlebotomy draw was used to collect the 24 hr blood sample. The participant then finished the study and was free to return to their normal diet. Healthy adult participants each provided in total 2 faecal samples, 4 urine samples and 10 blood samples over the sampling period.

Official Title
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Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Mango (Poly)Phenols on Gut Health.

Conditions
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Nutrition, Healthy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Mango puree


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria (Ileostomates): Free-living, adult with an ileostomy, ≥1.5-years post-operative Aged 18-70 years at recruitment Non-smokers Exclusion Criteria (Ileostomates): : Non-free-living adults Adults <18 or >70 years at recruitment Current smokers Pregnant/lactating females Ileostomy <1.5-year post-operative Inclusion Criteria (Healthy adults): Free-living, apparently healthy adults Aged 18-70 years at recruitment Non-smokers No ileostomy Exclusion criteria (Healthy adults): Non-free-living adults Adults <18 or >70 years at recruitment Current smokers Pregnant/lactating females Absence of gastro intestinal disease (e.g. coeliac disease; cancer)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Acute intervention in populations with and without colon
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Ileostomy cohort<br> | Dietary Supplement: Mango puree<br>* Mango puree 300g<br>|
| Experimental: Non-Ileostomy cohort<br> | Dietary Supplement: Mango puree<br>* Mango puree 300g<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Quantification of circulating (blood) (poly)phenols and microbially derived metabolities in participants with colon compared to without colon (ileostomates). | Quantification of polyphenols via LC-MS/MS | Change over 24 hours compared | 
| Quantification of urinary (poly)phenols and microbially derived metabolities in participants with colon compared to without colon (ileostomates). | Quantification of polyphenols via LC-MS/MS | Change over 24 hours | 
| Quantification of faecal (poly)phenols and microbially derived metabolities in participants with colon compared to without colon (ileostomates). | Quantification of polyphenols via LC-MS/MS | Change over 24 hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ileal fluid polyphenolic metabolites | Mass spectrometry analysis of In vitro gut model colonic fermentation of ileal fluid (µmol/L) | Change over 24 hours | 
| Ileal fluid microbial mediated metabolites | Mass spectrometry analysis of In vitro gut model colonic fermentation of ileal fluid (µmol/L) | Change over 24 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Mango, Polyphenols, Ileostomy, GI tract