Impact of Postprandial 'Exercise Snacks' on Protein and Glucose Metabolism Following a Period of Step Reduction in Older Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of 3-days reduced physical activity (<1500 steps/day) with/without 'exercise snacks' (15 chair stands with calf raises every 30 min) on skeletal muscle metabolic health.

Detailed Description
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Many adults gradually lose muscle size, strength, and function after the age of 50. These losses are believed to occur faster with periods of reduced activity (e.g., lower step counts or physical movement when sick or injured) and can be difficult to regain by merely returning to a previously normal activity status. Such periods of reduced activity can also impair the body's ability to use the nutrients in the food consumed (e.g., proteins and carbohydrates), which increases the risk of frailty, type 2 diabetes, and ultimately a reduced quality of life. It is important to identify strategies to prevent these losses in muscle size, strength, and function especially during periods of reduced activity. Recently, our laboratory has found that performing repeated bodyweight chair squats (repeated sit-to-stands with a calf raise) during a single day of reduced activity improves the muscle's ability to use carbohydrates and proteins, which may be a viable strategy to offset the negative effects of step reduction on muscle health. In this study, the investigators will assess whether completing bodyweight chair squats at regular intervals (i.e., 'exercise snacks') reduces the negative effects of step reduction on carbohydrate and protein metabolism following a meal. The investigators will determine the impact of 'exercise snacks' (15 chair stands with calf raises every 30 min) compared to seated rest on protein and carbohydrate metabolism following three days of step reduction. The investigators will also assess how these responses compare to those seen following three days of normal (i.e., habitual) activity.

Official Title
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The Impact of Postprandial 'Exercise Snacks' on Protein and Glucose Metabolism Following a Period of Step Reduction in Older Adults

Conditions
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Inactivity, Physical, Aging, Healthy Aging, Sarcopenia, Muscular Atrophy, Neuromuscular Manifestations, Neurologic Manifestations, Nervous System Diseases, Atrophy, Pathological Conditions, Anatomical

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Metabolic Trial
* Behavioral: 15 sit-to-stands with calf raises


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy older (age: 60-80 y) adults BMI between normal to overweight (18.5-29.9 kg/m2) Exclusion Criteria: Regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (with the exception of daily low-dose aspirin) Alcohol consumption during the study period Use of anticoagulants Use of a walker, cane, or assistive walking device Current or recently remised cancer Infectious or gastrointestinal disease Inability to comply with study protocol (e.g., >1,500 steps/day during Step-Reduction Phase) Regular tobacco use Self-reported illicit drug use (e.g. growth hormone, testosterone, etc.) Diagnosed chronic illness (e.g. type 2 diabetes, heart disease, thyroid disease) Hormonal Replacement Therapy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 60 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Habitual Activity<br>Following three days of habitual activity, a metabolic trial will be completed wherein participants (10M/10F) will be assessed for their anabolic response to a protein-carbohydrate meal. | Behavioral: Metabolic Trial<br>* Participants will undergo a metabolic trial to assess for their anabolic response to a protein-carbohydrate meal.<br>|
| Experimental: Step-Reduction<br>Participants will undergo three days of reduced physical activity (<1,500 steps/day) prior to a metabolic trial to establish their anabolic response to a protein-carbohydrate meal. | Behavioral: Metabolic Trial<br>* Participants will undergo a metabolic trial to assess for their anabolic response to a protein-carbohydrate meal.<br>Behavioral: 15 sit-to-stands with calf raises<br>* Participants (n=10; 5F/5M) will be randomized to perform 15 sit-to-stands with calf raises every 30 minutes for the 4 hour duration between muscle biopsies<br>* Other names: Exercise Snacks;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates | Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates assessed by incorporation of oral stable isotope tracer in both arms. | 5 Hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Whole-body protein turnover | Whole-body protein turnover assessed by oral stable isotope tracers in both arms. | 5 Hours | 
| Amino acid oxidation and net protein balance | Amino acid oxidation and net protein balance assessed by oral tracers in both arms. Net protein balance is derived from the difference between amino acid intake (known) and total amino acid oxidation over the 5h measurement period. | 5 Hours | 
| Postprandial insulin area under the curve (AUC) to mixed macronutrient breakfast | The plasma insulin concentration measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) area under the curve (AUC) will be quantified using the trapezoidal rule. | 5 Hours postprandial | 
| Postprandial glucose area under the curve (AUC) to mixed macronutrient breakfast | The plasma glucose concentration measured by hexokinase method area under the curve (AUC) will be quantified using the trapezoidal rule. | 5 hours postprandial | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Skeletal Muscle, Step-Reduction, Aging, Anabolic Resistance, Physical Activity, Stable Isotopes