Predicting Severe Outcomes Among Children Hospitalized With Community-acquired Pneumonia

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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In this study, investigators aimed to develop and validate a risk score to predict severe outcomes (e.g., mortality and ICU admission) in children who were admitted to the Children's Hospital of Fudan University between 2017 and 2022 due to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The objectives were as follows. Develop a risk prediction model based on demographic, comorbidity, clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and chest radiographic reports to predict severe outcomes among children hospitalized with CAP; Develop a risk scoring system and determine the cut-off point; Externally validate the easy-to-use risk score.

Official Title
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Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Predicting Severe Outcomes Among Children Hospitalized With Community-acquired Pneumonia

Conditions
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Child, Pneumonia, Prognosis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: exposures of interest: epidemiological data, clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and chest radiographic reports


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Aged between 29 days and 18 years old; Admitted to hospital with signs or symptoms of acute infection (eg, fever) and acute respiratory illness (eg, cough), and radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Exclusion Criteria: Pneumonia developed 48 hours after admission or intubation; Chronic pneumonia, tuberculosis, tracheobronchial foreign bodies, aspiration pneumonia, parasitic lung disease, and diffuse pulmonary interstitial/parenchyma disease.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 29 Days
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia<br> | Other: exposures of interest: epidemiological data, clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and chest radiographic reports<br>* epidemiological data (e.g., age, sex, and residential area), clinical characteristics (e.g., fever, cough, and wheeze), laboratory data (e.g., white blood cell, c-reaction protein, and procalcitonin), and chest radiographic reports (e.g., X-ray, CT, and ultrasound)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| in-hospital mortality | in-hospital mortality among children hospitalized with CAP | from admission to discharge, an average of 7 days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| admission to ICU | admission to a intensive care unit for over 24 hours | from admission to discharge, an average of 7 days | 
| septic shock | occurrence of septic shock during admission | from admission to discharge, an average of 7 days | 
| treatment for severe pneumonia | vasoactive agents, positive-pressure ventilation or chest drainage, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | from admission to discharge, an average of 7 days |