Assessment of the Increased Risk of Infection Following an Ultratrail

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The increase in the practice of running has encouraged a proliferation of studies evaluating the impact of this sport on health. A number of these studies have looked at the influence of endurance events on the immune system. After prolonged exercise, a systemic inflammatory syndrome sets in, with repercussions for the functioning of the immune system. The number of lymphocytes in the blood is reduced, the function of natural killer (NK) cells is impaired and secretory immunity is impaired. During this period of immunosuppression, often referred to as the 'open window', the host may be more susceptible to micro-organisms that bypass the first line of defence. The invetigators' hypothesis is therefore that ultratrailers are overexposed to the risk of infection due to immunodepression resulting from practising this sport. In order to support this hypothesis, the investigators would like to look at infectious complications in general and ear-nose and throat episodes (rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, etc.) in particular, which are the most common infections encountered in primary care, along with urinary tract infections.

Official Title
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Assessment of the Increased Risk of Infection Following an Ultratrail

Conditions
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Running, Immune Deficiency, Infections

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Ultra-trail


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: > 18 years Participating in a Grand Raid de la Réunion 2023 race (Mascareignes, Trail de Bourbon, Diagonale des Fous) Have a companion living under the same roof during the week preceding the race and the 21 days following the race and who agrees to answer the questionnaires Do not object to the research Exclusion Criteria: Do not understand French A protected adult (guardianship or curatorship) or under court protection

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: This study is a descriptive cohort study comparing the occurrence of infection between exposed (runners of an ultra-trail) and unexposed subjects (their companions).
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Exposed (Runners)<br>Ultra-endurance runners taking part in an ultra-trail of 72 km, 109 km or 165 km | Other: Ultra-trail<br>* Questionnaires sent to runners at various pre-race and post-race times (Day3, Day6, Day10, Day14 and Day21)<br>|
| No Intervention: Non-exposed (companions)<br>Runners' companions not running | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Increased risk of infection | Comparing the incidence of all infectious symptoms in runners taking part in one of the Grand Raid races (exposed subjects) with the incidence of infectious symptoms in those accompanying them on the race. fever, congestion, stuffy nose, sneezing, shortness of breath, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, sore throat, general fatigue, burning and urinary symptoms, other infectious symptoms; associated with major infections (respiratory, skin, gastrointestinal, urinary, other) | Day 21 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Kinetic of infections' appearance | Kinetics of the onset of infectious symptoms within 21 days following one of the Grand Raid de La Réunion races in runners (exposed subjects) and their companions (unexposed subjects). Survival curves over the 3 weeks post-race will be produced. An on-line questionnaire will be used to collect infectious data. | Day 21 | 
| Risk factors: running distance | Identify if the distance of the race in which the runner participates is a risk factor associated with the risk of infection in the 21 days following one of the Grand Raid de La Réunion races in runners (exposed subjects). An on-line questionnaire will be used to collect data related to the race distance. | Day 21 | 
| Risk factors: training volume | Identify if the runner's training volume is a risk factor associated with the risk of infection in the 21 days following one of the Grand Raid de La Réunion races in runners (exposed subjects). | Day 21 | 
| Risk factors: sex of the runner | Identify if sex of the runner is a risk factor associated with the risk of infection in the 21 days following one of the Grand Raid de La Réunion races in runners (exposed subjects). | Day 21 | 
| Risk factors: age category | Identify if the age of the runner is a risk factor associated with the risk of infection in the 21 days following one of the Grand Raid de La Réunion races in runners (exposed subjects). | Day 21 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Immune deficiency, Ultra-running, Infection