Left/Right Neck Judgment Performance in Individuals With Neck Pain

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Neck pain is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and ranks fourth among the pathologies that result in disability. Although neck pain can be attributed to traumatic or inflammatory disorders, the majority of neck pain has no discernible cause and is considered idiopathic. Neck pain that lasts longer than 3 months takes the form of chronic neck pain. Some problems such as changes in muscle behavior and decrease in proprioceptive sensory input are observed in individuals with chronic neck pain. The presence of such problems, especially the dysfunction of the deep cervical muscles and the inability of the proprioceptors to provide motor control, cause the position sense to be impaired in these individuals and the awareness of the neck of the individuals decreases. The Left Right Judgment Task (LRJT) is a form of implicit motor imagery that involves determining as accurately and quickly as possible whether an image of a body part belongs to the left or right side. LRJT performance differences have been hypothesized to reflect changes in central nervous system functioning, errors in judgment, and changes in bodily representations. It has been shown that LRJT is a complex mental task that includes cognitive, sensory, motor and behavioral processes and can be associated with them. Recent studies have revealed that neck pain causes proprioceptive disorder and that proprioceptive training should be done in these individuals. A study showed that there is a strong correlation between biasedness judgment accuracy and proprioception. In this context, the investigators aimed to investigate the knowledge about the effect of individuals with neck pain on proprioception, cortical body diagram and pain.

Detailed Description
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Method: The demographic characteristics of individuals who come to the clinic with a complaint of neck pain and meet the inclusion criteria as directed by the doctor will be recorded. The level of neck involvement will be determined according to the Neck Paint Task Force. Functionality level of all participants will be evaluated by Neck Disability Index, pain intensity by Visual Analog Scale, fear of movement by Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale, body awareness by left/right neck rotation, judgment task performance and neck awareness by Fremantle Neck Awareness Questionnaire. Left/right neck rotation decision task performance With the Recognise™ (http://www.nongroup.com/Recognise) application, the participant will be asked to do it on a single type tablet provided by the physiotherapist. After participants practice on 10 images before proceeding to the main tasks, 40 images will be displayed on the tablet screen in random order at five-second intervals. The participant will decide and answer as soon as possible whether the picture is right or left. The average percentage and reaction time of correctly identified images on both sides will then be calculated.

Official Title
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Neck Awareness, Cognitive Function and Left/Right Judgment Performance in Individuals With Neck Pain: A Cross-sectional Study

Conditions
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Neck Pain

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Individuals who do not experience neck or back pain that interferes with their normal activities, or pain responsible for disability. No previous medical intervention or treatment for a neck problem. Exclusion Criteria: To have received treatment in the last 6 months He had neck surgery Suspicion of malignant or systemic disease Neurological disease or injury Vertigo, nausea, visual disturbances,

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Neck Pain Group<br>group evaluated with scales | |
| Healthy Group<br>group evaluated with scales | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The Left Right Neck Judgment Task | RecogniseTM Hands is an app designed for both iPhone and iPad. As part of a graded motor imagery rehabilitation program, left/right hand discrimination measures decision-making accuracy. The Recognise™ (NOI, Adelaide, Australia) application used in individuals with neck pain to examine the applicability of left /right neck discrimination decision making in neck patients, and it was found to be appropriate. In this context, data will be collected through the Recognise™ (NOI, Adelaide, Australia) application in this study. Individuals will look at the pictures displayed on the online computer and respond to each picture by stating whether the head of the model in the picture is facing left or right relative to their shoulders. Participants are asked to respond as quickly as possible without guessing. | First day | 
| Pain Intensity | Pain intensity of individuals will be evaluated subjectively with Visual Analog Scale. This scale consists of a 10 cm linear line. The starting point of the line is 0, no pain; endpoint of 10, the most severe pain encountered in life; 5 indicates moderate pain. Individuals will be asked to rate the severity of their pain numerically on the scale. | First day | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Kinesiophobia | Fear of movement will be evaluated with the Tampa kinesiophobia scale. Tampa kinesiophobia scale is a 17-item questionnaire developed by Koretal in 1991 for musculoskeletal pain. This scale includes the parameters of injury/re-injury and fear avoidance in related activities. Each question on this scale was scored as (1 = disagree, 4 = strongly agree). While scoring, items 4, 8, 12 and 16 are reversed and then the total score is obtained. The person gets a total score between 17-68. | First day | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Imagery, Proprioception, Cognitive Function, Neck Pain, Body Images