Tracking Brain Biomarkers and Renormalization Associated With Antidepressant Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study will attempt to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to take a picture of the brain to learn about changes that occur in the brain during Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in people receiving this treatment for depression.

Detailed Description
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The purpose of this study is to take a picture of the participants brain using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and then use an investigational way of imaging the brain, called Individualized Network-based Single-frame Coactivation Pattern Estimation (INSCAPE) to capture the participants brain activity. This method uses a computer program to understand which parts of the participants brain communicate with each other and creates a map of the brain areas that are connected. The participants may take part in this study either because they are planning to receive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), or because they are healthy volunteers. If the participants agree to take part in the study, they will attend three experimental visits in which they will undergo MRI scans. The interval between each experimental visits is about 3 weeks. The study itself does not provide TMS treatments, as it is only to attempt to observe the effects of TMS on the brain. During each experimental visit, the investigators will conduct a brain scan for about 30 minutes in total. During the MRI scan, the participants will need to stay still, relax, and keep eyes open in the scanner. The purpose of this study is to explore whether this investigational brains can protocol, referred to as INSCAPE, can detect brain changes over the course of depression treatment while patients are receiving TMS. This method uses a computer program to understand which parts of the participants brain communicate with each other and creates a map of the brain areas that are connected.

Official Title
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Tracking Brain Biomarkers and Renormalization Associated With Antidepressant Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy

Conditions
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Major Depressive Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Neuroimaging with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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MDD volunteers: Inclusion Criteria Age 18-65 Have the capacity and ability to provide one's own consent in English and sign the informed consent document. DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD Exclusion Criteria Unable to speak English. Contraindicated for MRI. Any current or recent untreated medical, neurological, or psychiatric conditions other than MDD that would preclude candidacy for TMS. Metal implant devices in the head, heart, or neck. History of brain surgery. History of cortisol medication use or electroconvulsive therapy. History of myocardial infarction or arrhythmia, bradycardia. Personal history of recent head injury, concussion, or self-report of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Individuals suffering from frequent/severe headaches. Moderate to severe alcohol or substance use disorder. Pregnancy Healthy Volunteers Inclusion Criteria Age 18-65 Have the capacity and ability to provide one's own consent in English and sign the informed consent document. Exclusion Criteria Unable to speak English. Contraindicated for MRI. Any current or recent untreated medical, neurological, or psychiatric conditions Metal implant devices in the head, heart, or neck. History of brain surgery. History of cortisol medication use or electroconvulsive therapy. Comorbidity with other psychiatric/neurological illnesses or personality disorders History of myocardial infarction or arrhythmia, bradycardia. Personal history of recent head injury, concussion, or self-report of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Individuals suffering from frequent/severe headaches. Moderate to severe alcohol or substance use disorder. Pregnancy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| healthy volunteers<br>Age and sex-matched healthy individuals will also be recruited as a control group. They will be scanned three times (baseline, 3-week, and 6-week time points). | Other: Neuroimaging with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)<br>* MRI will be used to observe brain states over time.<br>|
| volunteers with Major Depressive Disorder<br>20 patients with MDD receiving standard-of-care depression treatment (TMS) at twill be recruited to participate in this observational neuroimaging study. They will be scanned three times (baseline, 3-week, and 6-week time points). | Other: Neuroimaging with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)<br>* MRI will be used to observe brain states over time.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Monitoring brain function with MRI | We will collect 3 MRI over the course of 6 weeks | Baseline, 3-weeks, and 6-weeks, assessed up to 6 weeks. |