Factors Affecting Mortality in Covid-19 Disease

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), defined by the reporting of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China, has spread worldwide, causing millions of deaths. Despite the fact that more than two years have passed since the struggle against the disease it continues to be an important public health problem.The increasing number of critically ill patients with this pandemic caused a great demand for intensive care units (ICU), and ICU capacity and staff had to be rapidly expanded in many countries. Similarly, in various periods of the pandemic in Turkey, the capacity of many ICUs had to be increased. The rates of admission to the ICU and death rates differed greatly from center to center due to various factors such as ICU bed capacity and the duration of access to the ICU, patient characteristics, and differences in the treatments applied. Determining the factors that may be associated with mortality is important in terms of improving the ICU follow-up of patients with COVID-19 and guiding their treatment.There is limited information about the characteristics and mortality of Turkish patients with COVID-19 in the ICU. The aim of this study is to determine the demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics and the factors affecting ICU mortality in COVID-19 patients followed in Akdeniz University Medical Faculty Hospital since the beginning of the pandemic.

Detailed Description
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It was designed as a retrospective cohort study in which patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 hospitalized in the ICU between 11 March 2020 and 31 March 2022 were included. Patients aged ≥18 years with a confrmed diagnosis of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by a positive real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction test (RT-PCR) on a nasopharyngeal swab or or endotracheal aspirate were included in the present study. The study data collected from the patient record at ICU admission included demographic characteristics (age, sex, body mass index), smoking history, comorbidities, vaccination status, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, laboratory findings, blood gas analysis (PaO2/FiO2 ratio), oxygen device method, lenght of stay ICU and hospital duration and COVID-19 related complications. Laboratory findings included a complete blood count, coagulation testing, D-dimer, blood chemical analysis, C-reactive protein (CRP), assessment of liver and renal function, procalcitonin, and microbial cultures results. Additional adjunctive support, including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), prone positioning, renal replacement therapy (RRT) were documented daily. Information on patient-specific therapies, such as administration of hydroxychloroquine, antivirals, convalescent plasma and plasmapheresis was also collected.

Official Title
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Factors Affecting Mortality in Covid-19 Disease

Conditions
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COVID-19 Pneumonia, Mortality

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: covid-19 survival cohort
* Other: covid-19 mortality cohort


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients aged ≥18 years with a confrmed diagnosis of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection by a positive real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction test Exclusion Criteria: Patients whose SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test was negative Chest computed tomography findings or symptoms were not compatible with COVID-19

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| covid-19 survival cohort<br>consists of surviving patients | Other: covid-19 survival cohort<br>* consists of surviving patients<br>|
| covid-19 mortality cohort<br>consists of deceased patients | Other: covid-19 mortality cohort<br>* consists of deceased patients<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| factors affecting mortality in COVID-19 | clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 patients in mortality of ICU. | 11 March 2020 -31 March 2022 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| difference between the pandemic waves | mortality rate of ICU, clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 patients according to pandemic waves | 11 March 2020-31 March 2022 |