The Effect of Animation Therapy on Time Perception in Primary School Children

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of the study is to determine the effects of animation therapy on time perception and daily activity routine performances of primary school children.

Detailed Description
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Time is a process that forms the basis of executive functions used to reveal adaptive behavior and motor performance. However, the way we perceive time can be changed by different factors. This may reveal changes in executive functions such as decision making, behavioral inhibition, planning, and accordingly, in the performance levels and daily routines of daily living activities. Animation therapy is the therapeutic use of the process of shooting a stop-motion animation film. It creates a flow effect by nature. The concept of flow includes the loss of the sense of time. In this study, it is aimed to examine whether animation therapy has an effect on the perception of time and daily activity routines in primary school children.

Official Title
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The Effect of Animation Therapy on Time Perception in Primary School Children: A Randomized Controlled Study

Conditions
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Time Perception Altered

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Animation Therapy


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Being between the ages of 7-10 Absence of any orthopedic, neurodevelopmental, and psychiatric problems/diagnosis Continuing formal education Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the research Exclusion Criteria: Receiving orthopedic, neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnosis during the study period To be absent from the study process or to quit the process Not participating in the first and last evaluations Voluntary refusal to participate or continue with the research

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 7 Years
Maximum Age: 10 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Animation Therapy Group<br>10 sessions of Animation Therapy (2 session/week) | Behavioral: Animation Therapy<br>* The process of shooting a stop-motion animation film, is designed according to the interests and leading of the participant.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control Froup<br>No intervention | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Time Discrimination Task | Time Discrimination Task is based on the individual's perception of the time difference of two different gaps between two pairs of sequentially given stimuli. Generally, the person is asked to indicate which pair is longer or shorter between two pairs of stimuli of certain lengths, which are given visually and/or audibly. Leveling is performed with the UDTR (Up-Down Transformed-Response) adaptive procedure method to progress the test and determine the participant's discrimination threshold. | Baseline, preintervention | 
| Time Discrimination Task | Time Discrimination Task is based on the individual's perception of the time difference of two different gaps between two pairs of sequentially given stimuli. Generally, the person is asked to indicate which pair is longer or shorter between two pairs of stimuli of certain lengths, which are given visually and/or audibly. Leveling is performed with the UDTR (Up-Down Transformed-Response) adaptive procedure method to progress the test and determine the participant's discrimination threshold. | Immediately after the intervention | 
| Time Reproduction Task | In Time Reproduction Task, the participants are asked to produce a stimulus similar to the duration of the stimulus presented to them at certain durations. In our study, visual and auditory stimuli of 200ms, 500ms and 800ms will be presented to the person in the time reproduction task, as in the time discrimination task. These stimuli will be presented in a completely random order, not in a specific order, and each stimulus will be presented 10 times, with a total of 30 consecutive stimuli. A gap of 2000 ms will be left between both stimuli to allow enough time for the person to reproduce the stimulus. The ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the participant's reproduced time and the target time to the target time will be calculated. | Baseline, preintervention | 
| Time Reproduction Task | In Time Reproduction Task, the participants are asked to produce a stimulus similar to the duration of the stimulus presented to them at certain durations. In our study, visual and auditory stimuli of 200ms, 500ms and 800ms will be presented to the person in the time reproduction task, as in the time discrimination task. These stimuli will be presented in a completely random order, not in a specific order, and each stimulus will be presented 10 times, with a total of 30 consecutive stimuli. A gap of 2000 ms will be left between both stimuli to allow enough time for the person to reproduce the stimulus. The ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the participant's reproduced time and the target time to the target time will be calculated. | Immediately after the intervention | 
| Executive Functions and Occupational Routines Score | This scale evaluates children's performance in daily activity routines, was developed by Fisch and Rosenblum in 2014. This scale evaluates the daily routines and executive functions of children aged 6-12 years, according to the opinion of their parents/caregivers. It consists of 3 sub-dimensions: Morning and Evening Routines (16 items), Game and Leisure Routines (7 items), and Social Routines (7 items). It is in the form of a five-point Likert scale and each item can be scored between 1 (never) and 5 (always). A high score indicates that the child's performance is high. The scale, which consists of 30 items in total, can be completed in approximately 15 minutes. | Baseline, preintervention | 
| Executive Functions and Occupational Routines Score | This scale evaluates children's performance in daily activity routines, was developed by Fisch and Rosenblum in 2014. This scale evaluates the daily routines and executive functions of children aged 6-12 years, according to the opinion of their parents/caregivers. It consists of 3 sub-dimensions: Morning and Evening Routines (16 items), Game and Leisure Routines (7 items), and Social Routines (7 items). It is in the form of a five-point Likert scale and each item can be scored between 1 (never) and 5 (always). A high score indicates that the child's performance is high. The scale, which consists of 30 items in total, can be completed in approximately 15 minutes. | Immediately after the intervention | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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time perception, animation therapy, occupational therapy, children