Accuracy of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Providers in Diagnosing Hip Effusions Using Point of Care Ultrasound

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to determine if pediatric emergency medicine providers can accurately diagnose a hip effusion using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) compared to radiology ultrasound (RADUS).

Detailed Description
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The purpose of this study is to determine that the accuracy of trained pediatric emergency medicine providers to diagnose hip effusion using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is non-inferior to the reference standard of radiology ultrasound (RADUS). Additionally, the investigators seek to compare how POCUS performs against other clinical tests or investigations for the diagnosis of septic arthritis. The investigators hypothesize that trained EM providers will be able to diagnose hip effusions with high (>90%) accuracy compared to studies conducted by the Department of Radiology.

Official Title
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Accuracy of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Providers in Diagnosing Hip Effusions Using Point of Care Ultrasound

Conditions
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Hip Effusion, Septic Arthritis, Transient Synovitis, Hip

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age 18 years or younger Clinical presentation necessitating hip ultrasonography as determined by the evaluating clinician Study physician available at the time of presentation to ED Patient or legal guardian provides consent Exclusion Criteria: Children who present when a study physician is not available or those for whom consent is not given. Children who have had hip ultrasound imaging prior to their ED visit. Children with prior hip/pelvis x-rays will not be excluded.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 1 Month
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The presence or absence of a hip effusion. | The presence or absence of an effusion as determined by the pediatric emergency medicine physician performing the point-of-care-ultrasound study on both the affected and unaffected sides (i.e. right hip and left hip). | From the time the point-of-care ultrasound is performed by the physician during the emergency department visit through study completion, average of 2 years. | 
| The presence of absence of a hip effusion. | The presence or absence of an effusion as determined by the Radiologist on both the affected and unaffected sides. | From the time the radiologist reviews the ultrasound as performed by the radiology technician during the emergency department visit, through study completion, average of 2 years. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The size of the effusion. | As measured by the pediatric emergency medicine provider in millimeters. | From the time the point-of-care ultrasound is performed by the physician during the emergency department visit to study completion, average of 2 years | 
| The location of the measurement of the effusion. | Pediatric emergency medicine physicians will measure an effusion at two designated locations. One location is based off of current published literature whereas the second is to provide a comparison to determine if the exact location alters the final diagnosis (effusion or no effusion). Investigators will determine whether the location along the angle of the neck affects the measurement obtained when compared with the current standard practice of measuring fluid along the widest part of the femoral neck. | Upon chart review: between the time the measurement was obtained in the emergency department up to six weeks later when the chart is reviewed by primary investigator. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Point of Care Ultrasound, Hip Effusion, Pediatric Emergency Medicine