A Very Brief Intervention to Increase the Intention to Practice Physical Activity

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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According to the Health Belief Model (HBM), one's intention to engage in physical activity (PA) is strongly and favourably related to their actual PA behaviour (Etheridge, Sinyard, & Brindle, 2023; Kagee & Freeman, 2017). According to a meta-analysis that looked at the connection between PA intention and conduct, 54% of those who had the intention to be active did so, and just 2% of people who initially had no intention of engaging in PA later modified their behaviour (Rhodes & de Bruijn, 2013). Therefore, having PA intention is a crucial and helpful step to participate in PA(Webb & Sheeran, 2006). Digital games include TV or console games, PC games, portable games, and others. Such games have recently been employed as teaching, learning, and training aids in a variety of contexts, including medical education (Rosenberg et al., 2010). Previous research has shown that motion sensor video games have positive effects on promoting healthy lifestyles including engagement in physical activity and disseminating health-related knowledge (DeSmet et al., 2014; Foley & Maddison, 2010; Lenhart, Kahne, Middaugh, Evans, & Vitek, 2008). Meanwhile, video games (at least once/day for 1 week) had positive effects on individuals' well-being and family relationships. (Foley & Maddison, 2010; Halbrook, O'Donnell, & Msetfi, 2019). Drawing on the HBM, playing digital game could be the cue to action which increases people's intention to engage in physical activities. Our study aims to fill the gap by examining the effectiveness of motion-sensoring game-based intervention in increasing the intention of performing PA, as well as personal and family well-being.

Detailed Description
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Health promotion refers to the process through which individuals are empowered to enhance their control over their health and work towards its improvement (Smith, Tang, & Nutbeam, 2006). The primary obstacles encountered in prior health promotion initiatives predominantly involve participant engagement and the allocation of adequate resources for execution (Korda, 2013). Owing to the rapid digital transformation in recent decades, digital games are becoming increasingly popular approaches for health promotion that could cover the above challenges. Regular physical activity is proven to help prevent and manage noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and several cancers. It also helps prevent hypertension, maintain healthy body weight and can improve mental health, quality of life and well-being. Intention is such a strong psychological predictor of behaviour including PA, as a result, PA intention has been an important and useful precursor to PA participation. Therefore, our study aims to explore the effectiveness of motion-sensoring game-based intervention in increasing intention to perform physical activity. The intervention is a kind of motion-sensoring game based on Nintendo Switch that can accommodate 1-4 individuals, engaging their entire bodies in the physical motions involved and will last 1-2 minutes each session. It is notable that our project apps, a kind of mobile game, will be a placebo that was developed to promote family well-being in Hong Kong, has been applied in previous community events and received high satisfaction and positive feedback from both community participants and NGO social workers. We hypothesize that the motion-sensoring would promote the intention on participating in PA, as well as self-perceived personal and family well-being. The primary objective is to promote the intention to perform physical activity. The secondary objectives are to enhance the knowledge of PA and to enhance their personal and family well-being.

Official Title
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A Very Brief Intervention to Increase the Intention to Practice Physical Activity

Conditions
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Physical Activity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Intervention: motion-sensor video game
* Device: Placebo: mobile APP game (without motion-sensoring)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Chinese speaking Able to complete the questionnaire Aged 18 or above Exclusion Criteria: People with serious health conditions that might prevent them from participating in sensor-motion video game and mobile game

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 100 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intervention: motion-sensor video game<br>The experimental arm is a 1-2 mins motion-sensoring video game, which can accommodate 1-4 individuals, engaging their entire bodies in the physical motions involved. It aims to increase PA intention by increasing their motivation, as well as personal and family well-being by increasing the interaction with family members. Assessments will be conducted at two different time points, immediately following the intervention (T2) and after 1-month follow-up (T3). | Device: Intervention: motion-sensor video game<br>* The experimental arm is a 1-2 mins motion-sensoring video game, which can accommodate 1-4 individuals, engaging their entire bodies in the physical motions involved. It aims to increase PA intention by increasing their motivation, as well as personal and family well-being by increasing the interaction with family members. Assessments will be conducted at two different time points, immediately following the intervention (T2) and after 1-month follow-up (T3).<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo: mobile APP game (without motion-sensoring)<br>The placebo arm is a 1-2 mins mobile app game, which allows 1-4 participants to play together with a duration of 1-2 minutes. It aims to increase participants' family and personal well-being by increasing the interaction of family members. Assessments will be conducted at two different time points, immediately following the intervention (T2) and after 1-month follow-up (T3). | Device: Placebo: mobile APP game (without motion-sensoring)<br>* The placebo arm is a 1-2 mins mobile app game, which allows 1-4 participants to play together with a duration of 1-2 minutes. It aims to increase participants' family and personal well-being by increasing the interaction of family members. Assessments will be conducted at two different time points, immediately following the intervention (T2) and after 1-month follow-up (T3).<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Intention to perform physical activity | The intention to perform physical activity will be assessed immediately following the activity and after 1-month follow-up by one-item scale. The question is Do you want to start (or continue) exercising at present?. The item comprises a 11-point scale ranging from 0 to 10 (Lin, Huang, Chuang, Tsai, & Wang, 2018). | Immediate post-intervention, 1-month follow up | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Satisfaction with the games • personal well-being and family well-being | The question Are you satisfied with this activity? will be used to assess the satisfaction of participants after playing the two kinds of games and 1-month follow-up with a higher score (1-5) indicating higher satisfaction. | Immediate post-intervention, 1-month follow up | 
| Personal well-being and family well-being | Personal well-being was assessed immediately after playing games and 1-month follow-up using the question How well-being do you think you are? and answer using the 11-point scale (range 0-10), with higher scores indicating higher level of family well-being. (Appendix H1, H2) Family well-being was measured immediately after playing games and 1-month follow-up using family health, harmony, and happiness (3Hs): three separate questions asked, How healthy/harmonious/happy do you think your family is? and were answered using an 11-point scale ranging from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating higher level of family well-being. (Appendix H1, H2) | Immediate post-intervention, 1-month follow up | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Family Well-being, Physical Activity, Health, Digital Game