Visual Attention to Text and Pictorial Food Labels: An Eye Tracking Experiment

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The goal of this study is to examine attention elicited by icon, text-only, and control front-of-package food labels. The study also aims to explore whether English language proficiency moderates the impact of icon vs. text-only labels on attention.

Detailed Description
-----------------
In this study, participants will attend one in-person visit, lasting approximately 15 minutes after signing informed consent. First participants will complete an eye tracking task where their attention to study stimuli is measured objectively via an eye tracker (i.e., eye tracking task). The eye tracking task will take  5 minutes. Then, participants will complete a brief  10 minute self-administered survey on a computer.

Official Title
-----------------
Visual Attention to Text and Pictorial Food Labels: An Eye Tracking Experiment

Conditions
-----------------
Health Behavior

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Behavioral: Text only sodium label
* Behavioral: Icon sodium label
* Behavioral: Pictorial sodium label
* Behavioral: Barcode label


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Adult aged 18 or older Self-identifies as Hispanic or Latino Exclusion Criteria: Less than 18 years old Does not identify as Hispanic or Latino Has one of the following conditions: (Wears bifocals, glaucoma, permanently dilated pupils, eye implants [artificial lenses, not contact lenses], less than 2 eyes, or blindness)

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 99 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: All participants will see the same 4 labels (3 sodium labels [text only, text + icon, and text + pictorial] and a control bar code label) in a random order.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Front of package food label<br>4 labels (3 sodium labels, 1 control barcode label) are shown on an image of a soup can | Behavioral: Text only sodium label<br>* Warning: High in sodium. is shown in a black square label on the can of soup.<br>Behavioral: Icon sodium label<br>* Warning: High in sodium. is shown beneath a yellow triangle icon with an exclamation mark all in a black square label on the can of soup.<br>Behavioral: Pictorial sodium label<br>* Warning: High in sodium. is shown beneath an image of a spilled salt shaker, all in a black square label on the can of soup.<br>Behavioral: Barcode label<br>* Barcode is shown in white square label on the can of soup<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Amount of time spent looking at the front-of-package sodium label (i.e., dwell time) | This outcome will be measured using eye tracking technology. | During  5-minute eye tracking task, as part of a one-time study visit lasting  15 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of times looking at the front-of-package sodium label (i.e., fixation count) | This outcome will be measured using eye tracking technology. | During  5-minute eye tracking task, as part of a one-time study visit lasting  15 minutes | 
| Time to first fixation on the front-of-package sodium label | This outcome will be measured using eye tracking technology. | During  5-minute eye tracking task, as part of a one-time study visit lasting  15 minutes | 
| Dwell time on natural claim | This outcome will be measured using eye tracking technology. | During  5-minute eye tracking task, as part of a one-time study visit lasting  15 minutes | 
| Self-reported attention to the front-of-package sodium label | Assessed with 1 item for each label type. Response options will range from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate more attention. | During  10 minute online survey, as part of one-time study visit lasting  15 minutes | 
| Perceived message effectiveness of the front-of-package sodium label | Assessed with 3 items for each label type. Response options will range from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater perceived message effectiveness. | During  10 minute online survey, as part of one-time study visit lasting  15 minutes | 
| Understandability of front-of-package sodium label | 1 item for each label type. Response options will range from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate more understandability. | During  10 minute online survey, as part of one-time study visit lasting  15 minutes |