Association of Osmotic Drugs With Clinical Outcomes in Acute Large Hemispheric Infarction

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Stroke remains the second leading cause of death worldwide, with 2%-8% of these being large hemispheric infarction (LHI) with an occupying effect and the worst prognosis. Even with medical and surgical treatment, the mortality of LHI with cerebral edema is as high as 20% to 30%. Current guidelines recommend supportive supervision, osmotic drugs, and decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) for the treatment of LHI, but not all patients with LHI are suitable for DHC, and not all of them can afford the high cost of DHC. In the real-world, the use of osmotic drugs is more common than DHC. The guideline recommends using mannitol or hypertonic saline to reduce cerebral edema and tissue displacement in patients with cerebral edema. Mannitol is the most widely used and longest-standing osmotic drug, and since 1965, hypertonic saline has been used to treat intracranial hypertension. Most of the previous studies compare the efficacy of DHC over medical therapy or compare the efficacy of mannitol with hypertonic saline, but there is an absence of clinical data on whether osmotic drug therapy can improve the clinical prognosis of patients with large hemispheric infarction at 90 days or even longer. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the osmotic drug and clinical outcomes in large hemispheric infarction, with the aim of informing clinical decisions.

Detailed Description
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Diagnostic criteria for large hemispheric infarction (LHI): CT within 6 hours of onset showing hypointense areas > 1/3 of the middle cerebral artery territory, or hypointense areas > 50% of the middle cerebral artery territory within 6 hours to 72h of onset. LHI is strongly associated with severe cerebral edema, which can occur to varying degrees cerebral edema within hours or days of LHI. In recent years, endovascular treatment has significantly improved the revascularization of patients with large vessel occlusive cerebral infarction and reduced the incidence of malignant progression and mortality in patients with acute LHI, but many patients still suffer from malignant brain edema (MBE), which leads to the worsening of the disease.

Official Title
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Association of Osmotic Drugs With Clinical Outcomes in Acute Large Hemispheric Infarction: a Prospective, Multicenter, Observational Cohort Study

Conditions
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Stroke

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Osmotic drugs


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age ≥ 18 years Within 72 hours of onset of the stroke Meets the diagnostic criteria for acute ischaemic stroke in the Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke 2018 Meeting the diagnostic criteria for massive cerebral infarction in the Guidelines for the Surgical Treatment of Massive Cerebral Infarction: CT within 6 hours of onset showing hypointense areas > 1/3 of the middle cerebral artery territory, or > 50% of the middle cerebral artery territory within 6 hours to 72 hours of onset; The patient consented and signed an informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding; in combination with other serious comorbidities resulting in a life expectancy of less than 3 months Those who are allergic or intolerant to osmotic drugs; Those who have participated in other interventional clinical studies (which affecting the observation of outcomes in this cohort); Those with a previous history of stroke and significant residual neurological disability (mRS ≥ 2 points) Those who, in the judgment of the investigator, are not suitable for participation in this study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| trement group<br>Patient has used osmotic drugs within 72 hours of admission. | Drug: Osmotic drugs<br>* Patients had used osmotic drugs within 72 hours of admission.<br>|
| control group<br>Patient has not used osmotic drugs within 72 hours of admission. | Drug: Osmotic drugs<br>* Patients had used osmotic drugs within 72 hours of admission.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 90-day mortality | Mortality within 90 days after onset in patients with large hemispheric infarction who were eligible for inclusion criteria | 90 days after onset | 
| Incidence of acute renal impairment | Incidence of acute renal impairment after onset in patients with large hemispheric infarction who were eligible for inclusion criteria | one year after onset | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 90-day mRS | Modified Rankin Scale score within 90 days after onset in patients with large hemispheric infarction who were eligible for inclusion criteria | 90 days after onset | 
| 90-day mRS score change | Modified Rankin Scale score change within 90 days after onset in patients with large hemispheric infarction who were eligible for inclusion criteria | 90 days after onset | 
| one year mRS | Modified Rankin Scale score within 1 year after onset in patients with large hemispheric infarction who were eligible for inclusion criteria | 1 year after onset | 
| Incidence of early neurological deterioration | Incidence of early neurological deterioration within 30 days after onset in patients with large hemispheric infarction who were eligible for inclusion criteria | 30 days after onset | 
| Incidence of malignant cerebral edema | Incidence of malignant cerebral edema within 1 year after onset in patients with large hemispheric infarction who were eligible for inclusion criteria | 1 year after onset | 
| Clinical correction rate of brain herniation before decompressive hemicraniectomy | Clinical correction rate of brain herniation before decompressive hemicraniectomy | Up to 3 days | 
| Incidence of need for decompressive hemicraniectomy | Incidence of need for decompressive hemicraniectomy after onset | up to 24 hours | 
| The actual incidence of decompressive hemicraniectomy | The actual incidence of decompressive hemicraniectomy after onset | up to 24 hours | 
| Incidence of Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage | Incidence of Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 1 year after onset in patients with large hemispheric infarction who were eligible for inclusion criteria | up to 24 hours | 
| Incidence of drug-related adverse events | Incidence of adverse events due to drugs within 1 year after the onset of large hemispheric infarction in patients who met the inclusion criteria | up to 24 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Stroke, large hemispheric infarction, osmotic drugs