The GATE Trial: Endoscopic Sutured Gastroplasty in Type 2 Diabetic, Obese Patients Using the Endomina Device

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is often associated with long-term macrovascular and microvascular complications and decreased life expectancy. Approximately 70% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are overweight or obese. Weight loss benefits several aspects of DM2, such as improved glycemic control, increased insulin sensitivity and reduced fasting insulin. Interventions for weight loss in patients with DM2 include diet, exercise, but also pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgery is indicated at a body mass index (BMI) > 35 kg/m², in combination with other comorbidities. It is associated with better glycemic control and more weight reduction, compared to intensive medical treatment alone. For patients with not adequately controlled DM2 who are not eligible for surgery (i.e., BMI of < 35 kg/m²), there is a therapeutic gap, which could be filled by one of the currently available endoscopic therapies aiming to reduce weight. One of these therapies is endoscopic sutured gastroplasty (ESG), performed with the endomina device (EndoTools Therapeutics S.A.). There is however a paucity of data showing the effect of ESG on metabolic comorbidities including DM2. We hypothesize that ESG with the endomina device will improve glycemic control in patients with DM2 and obesity. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of ESG with the endomina device on glycemic control, in obese insulin treated type 2 diabetic patients. Study design: This is a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Study population: 58 subjects (29 in each group) with a BMI between 30 and 40 kg/m² and DM2, treated with insulin therapy. Intervention (if applicable): The intervention group will receive ESG performed with the endomina device. The control group will receive standard diabetic care. Main study parameters/endpoints: The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients with a clinically relevant reduction of insulin dose. Secondary endpoints include among others reduction in HbA1c, remission of diabetes, weight loss, quality of life and (serious) adverse events. Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness: An ESG with the endomina device is known to have only minor adverse events (transient abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting), and a serious adverse event rate of <1% (no surgical intervention needed, no mortality).

Official Title
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The GATE Trial: Endoscopic Sutured Gastroplasty in Type 2 Diabetic, Obese Patients Using the Endomina Device - a Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Obese

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Endoscopic sutured gastroplasty with endomina


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age between 18-65 years Diagnosed with DM2 since at least 1 year currently under stable dose of insulin for at least 6 months with or without use of any other oral glucose lowering medication (e.g., metformin, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonist) HbA1c level of 7.0-11.0% (53-75 mmol/mol) prior to inclusion BMI of 30-40 kg/m² Must be able to comply with all study requirements for the duration of the study as outlined in the protocol (including compliance to treatment, dietary follow up, visits as scheduled and all study specific procedures) Must be able to understand and be willing to provide written informed consent Must be eligible for general anesthesia or deep sedation with propofol Exclusion Criteria: Achalasia and any other esophageal motility disorders Severe esophagitis (grade C or D) Gastro-duodenal ulcer Gastrointestinal stenosis or obstruction Any history of esophageal or gastric surgery Heart diseases: unstable angina, myocardial infarction within the past year, or heart disease classified within the New York Heart Association's Class III or IV functional capacity Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure >180 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure >100 mm Hg under medication) during last 3 months; Severe renal, hepatic, pulmonary disease or cancer (cancer in the past 5 years, except basal cell carcinoma) Known with, or history of, eating disorder Pregnancy, breast feeding or desire to become pregnant in the coming 12 months Any previous bariatric surgery, or endoscopic obesity-related intervention (including Primary Obesity Surgery Endoscopic (POSE), OverStitch, etc.). Intragastric balloon removed within the last 6 months Planned gastric surgery 60 days post intervention Anticoagulant therapy that cannot be temporarily stopped at the time of the procedure. Currently participating in another study (involving change of treatment).

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intervention group<br>Endoscopic sutured gastroplasty with endomina device | Device: Endoscopic sutured gastroplasty with endomina<br>* Subjects in the intervention group will be treated with an ESG with the endomina ® and TAPES devices (Endo Tools Therapeutics S.A.), both CE-marked for endoscopic gastroplasty. The endomina is a device that can be attached to an endoscope and allows remote actuation of the device during a peroral intervention. Thanks to a therapeutic channel that can be angled perpendicularly to the axis of vision of the endoscope, it allows the possibilities of making transoral full thickness tissue apposition and performing, via a transoral route, large plications with tight serosa to serosa apposition in the stomach. This suturing will be done from the incisura to the upper body of the stomach, along the great curvature with TAPES, a single use needle preloaded with suture. In addition to the endomina device, any other required endoscopic accessories can be used during the procedure (e.g., grasping forceps, loop cutter).<br>* Other names: Endomina;|
| No Intervention: Control group<br>Standard diabetes care | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Proportion of subjects with a clinically relevant reduction of insulin dose after 12 months | A clinically relevant reduction is defined as a 50% dose reduction. | 12 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Rate of Serious Adverse Events (SAE) and Serious Adverse Device Effects (SADE) during and post procedure at 12 months |  | 1 year | 
| (Serious) adverse events up to 1-month follow-up for subjects undergoing the procedure under procedural sedation with propofol |  | 1 month | 
| Cardiovascular events (stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), myocardial infarction, admission for heart failure) after 12 months |  | 1 year | 
| All-cause mortality after 12 months |  | 1 year | 
| Reduction in HbA1c after 1 month, 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up |  | 1 year | 
| Proportion of subjects with a clinically relevant reduction of insulin dose after 1 month, 3 and 6 months. |  | 6 months | 
| Proportion of subjects with a clinically relevant decrease in HbA1c after 1 month, 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up. A clinically relevant decrease in HbA1c is defined as 2.6% (5mmol/mol). |  | 1 year | 
| Reduction in fasting plasma glucose levels after 1 month, 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up. |  | 1 year | 
| Proportion of subjects with reduced number and/or reduced dose(s) of (oral) glucose lowering medication after 1 month, 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up. |  | 1 year | 
| Proportion of subjects with remission of diabetes after 6, 9 and 12 months. Remission is defined as HbA1c < 6.5% (48 mmol/mol), fasting glucose of < 5.6 mmol/l without glucose-lowering medication for at least 3 months. |  | 1 year | 
| Proportion of subjects with mean % excess weight loss (%EWL) of more than 25% after 1 month, 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up. |  | 1 year | 
| %EWL after 1 month, 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up. |  | 1 year | 
| Proportion of subjects with mean % total body weight loss (%TBWL) of more than 5% after 1 month, 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up. |  | 1 year | 
| %TBWL after 1 month, 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up. |  | 1 year | 
| Decrease in blood pressure after 1 month, 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up. |  | 1 year | 
| EuroQol 5Dimension 5Level (EQ-5D-5L) after 1 month, 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up. |  | 1 year | 
| Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) after 1 month, 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up. |  | 1 year | 
| Costs | Costs include health care recourses used (including intervention, endomina device and TAPES, hospital admissions, visits to specialists and general practitioner, emergency room visits, medications used), costs for insulin therapy (including medication, administration, glycemia measurement material) | 1 year | 
| Cost-effectiveness | Using quality adjusted life years (QALYs) | 1 year |