Evaluation of the Impact of Eating Habits on Children's Corpulence

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Childhood obesity has been rising steadily over the past 40 years. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) observed around 340 million overweight or obese children and adolescents worldwide, including one in five in France. The causes are complex, both individual (genetic, biological, behavioral) and collective (social, economic, cultural). Childhood obesity encourages the development of chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, and can affect mental health. Without early treatment, the risk of obesity persisting into adulthood is high. In the Alpes-Maritimes region, the commune of Mouans-Sartoux has been promoting a local diet in line with PNNS-4 recommendations since 2011. We wish to study the impact of these actions on the health of Mouans children. We propose a preliminary observational study to assess the relationship between family adherence to PNNS recommendations and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Mouans-Sartoux elementary school children.

Official Title
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Prelimenary Observational Study of the Influence of Adherence to the Recommandations Issued by the National Nutrition and Health Program on the Risk of Overweiht and Obesity in Children : the Case of a Municipality That Has Signed the  Ville Active PNNS  Charter

Conditions
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Obesity, Childhood

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: The child must be enrolled in one of Mouans-Sartoux's three public elementary school (A. Legall / F. Jacob / Orée du bois) at the start of the 2023 school year Social Security affiliation Non-opposition of the legal representative(s) of parental authority Exclusion Criteria: Opposition to participation in research involving the human person In the event of disagreement between the parents, we will take non-participation into account

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Years
Maximum Age: 11 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| To assess the association between the risk of overweight and/or obesity in children and family adherence to PNNS-4 recommendations. | Calculation of the odd-ratio (OR) between the risk of overweight and/or obesity in children (corresponding to a BMI z-score > 1) and family adherence to PNNS recommendations estimated from the PNNS-GS2 score using a univariate logistic regression model. | 1 year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| To assess the association between the risk of overweight and/or obesity in children and the importance of organic food in family dietary habits. | The Organic and Local Food Consumption questionnaire (18) is used to estimate household consumption of organic products. The score obtained from this questionnaire will be evaluated in a similar way to the PNNS-GS2 score. We will study the prevalence of overweight and obesity according to the presence or absence of each listed risk factor belonging to the following categories: Children's physical activity and sports Favorable behaviors Household socio-demographic data Child's environment Parents' lifestyle Declarative medical data | 1 year | 
| Evaluate the influence of children's school canteen enrolment on family adherence to the National Health Nutrition Program 4 (PNNS-4) recommendations by PNNS-GS2) score | We will assess the impact of whether or not children are enrolled in the canteen by studying for each group the distribution of the National Health Nutrition Program - Guidelines Score 2 (PNNS-GS2) score; The PNNS-GS2 score assesses families' adherence to the PNNS-4 recommendations, based on a list of items relating to eating habits. Responses are grouped into quartiles to form comparison groups. In this study, the score is assessed at family level. | 1 year | 
| Evaluate the influence of children's school canteen enrolment on family adherence to the National Health Nutrition Program 4 (PNNS-4) recommendations by Organic and Local Food Consumption score | We will assess the impact of whether or not children are enrolled in the canteen by studying for each group the distribution of the Organic and Local Food Consumption score. List of food groups Fruit Vegetables Soy Dairy products Meat and fish Eggs Grains and pulses Bread and cereals Flour Vegetable oils and condiments Prepared dishes Coffee/tea/tea tea Sweet products Food supplements Other foods For each group, participants indicated their frequency of consumption Organic: Most of the time, From time to time, Never. Locally produced: Most of the time, From time to time, Never. Two scores are created: organic food score for organically sourced food, and local food score for locally produced food, awarding: 2 points for Most of the time 1 point for Once in a while 0 points for Never The two scores are added together to obtain the organic and local food score. | 1 year | 
| Evaluate the influence of children's school canteen enrolment on family adherence to the National Health Nutrition Program 4 (PNNS-4) recommendations by the distribution of the z-score. | We will assess the impact of whether or not children are enrolled in the canteen by studying for each group the distribution of the z-score and the prevalence of overweight and obesity. In children, BMI is not a good representation of corpulence, as individual growth varies according to sex and age. We therefore use the BMI z-score (called Z-score in this study), which expresses the deviation of a child's BMI from the reference value according to sex and age. The Z-score can be used to classify children into several categories according to the following limits: Extreme thinness Thin Normal build Overweight Obese | 1 year | 
| Evaluate the influence of children's school canteen enrolment on family adherence to the National Health Nutrition Program 4 (PNNS-4) recommendations by prevalence of risks factors. | We will assess the impact of whether or not children are enrolled in the canteen by studying for each group prevalence of risk factors studied. | 1 year | 
| Compare the observed proportion of mouansois children who are overweight or obese with data from the Alpes-Maritimes department's maternal and child protection service. | We will calculate the difference between the observed proportion of overweight or obese children in Mouans and that expected according to the data presented by the Protection Maternelle et Infantile des Alpes-Maritimes. | 1 year | 
| Collect hair samples from local children to build up a sample bank for future research into the presence of pesticides and endocrine disruptors. | We will be collecting hair samples from volunteer children in Mouans, in order to build up a sample bank in parallel with the study, with a view to future work on measuring the presence of endocrine disruptors / pesticides. | 1 year | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Child, Obesity, Alimentation, Nutrition