Mindful Yoga for Older Adults and Caregivers

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study will adopt the intervention of mindful yoga to improve the psychological well-being of older adults who discharged from hospital and their caregivers in Hong Kong.

Detailed Description
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In the proposed study, the investigators will conduct a fully powered, double-blind, and multicentered randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the efficacy of mindful yoga versus a psychoeducation control. The study sample will consist of older adults discharged from hospitals within the previous 3 months and their informal caregivers. The investigators will aim to determine: (1) the efficacy of mindful yoga in the study group versus the control group in improving the dyadic psychological well-being (as measured by depression, anxiety, stress, and meaning of life) of older adult-caregiver dyads (e.g., both actor and partner effects); (2) whether these improvements were maintained after 3 and 6 months; and (3) the lived experiences of older adults and their caregivers. The investigators hypothesize that: (1) mindful yoga will be more efficacious in improving outcomes compared with the control condition; (2) there will be both actor and partner effects of the intervention on the primary and secondary outcomes; and (3) these outcome improvements will be maintained at 3 and 6 months.

Official Title
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Examining the Effectiveness of Mindful Yoga in Enhancing Psychological Well-being Among Older Adults Discharged From Hospital and Their Caregivers: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Psychological

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Mindful yoga
* Behavioral: Psychoeducation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Older adults discharged from hospital older adults aged 65 years or above; individuals who have been discharged from a local hospital within the previous 3 months who qualify for the Pilot Scheme on Support for Elderly Persons Discharged from Public Hospitals after Treatment and are receiving services from community support services; individuals with no mobility issues or who have limited mobility but can access the intervention sites using a wheelchair and are capable of practicing mindful yoga, even if in a wheelchair; and individuals who can understand Cantonese. Caregivers: • living with older adults during the transition period from hospital to home. Exclusion Criteria: Older adults discharged from hospital older adults diagnosed with depression, anxiety, or stress disorders by certified doctors; older adults diagnosed with severe dementia; homebound older adults who face difficulty attending the intervention sites; and older adults having a tech-enabled Hospital Admission Risk Reduction Program for the Elderly (HARRPE) score <0.17 or >0.29. Caregivers: • Family caregivers who have been diagnosed with severe mental health issues will be excluded from the proposed study.
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intervention<br>Mindful yoga | Behavioral: Mindful yoga<br>* 12 week mindful yoga intervention<br>|
| Active Comparator: Control<br>Psychoeducation | Behavioral: Psychoeducation<br>* 12 week psychoeducation sessions<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale | The total score ranges from 0 to 63. Higher score indicates higher level of depression, anxiety and stress | Through study completion, an average of 12 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | The total score ranges from 39 to 195. Highers score indicates higehr level of mindfulness | Through study completion, an average of 12 weeks | 
| Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | The total score ranges from 39 to 195. Highers score indicates higehr level of mindfulness | 3 months follow-up | 
| Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | The total score ranges from 39 to 195. Highers score indicates higehr level of mindfulness | 6 months follow-up | 
| The meaning in life scale | The total score ranges from 10 to 70. Higher scores indicates higher level of meaning in life | Through study completion, an average of 12 weeks | 
| The meaning in life scale | The total score ranges from 10 to 70. Higher scores indicates higher level of meaning in life | 3 months follow-up | 
| The meaning in life scale | The total score ranges from 10 to 70. Higher scores indicates higher level of meaning in life | 6 months follow-up | 
| The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale | The total score ranges from 0 to 63. Higher score indicates higher level of depression, anxiety and stress | 3 months follow-up | 
| The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale | The total score ranges from 0 to 63. Higher score indicates higher level of depression, anxiety and stress | 6 months follow-up |