Effect of Local Warming for Arterial Catheterization in Pediatric Anesthesia

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The increase in internal diameter (ID) and cross-sectional area (CSA) may facilitate better arterial catheterization. Since an increase in body temperature can cause peripheral vasodilation, we aimed to determine if local warming of the radial artery (RA) catheterization site could improve the success rate of catheterization in pediatric patients.

Detailed Description
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This randomized, controlled study enrolls 126 pediatric patients aged ≤ 2 years who were scheduled for heart surgery. They are randomized into non-warming (C) and warming (W) groups. After induction, the baseline artery ultrasonography images are collected. In the warming group (W), local warming is applied on the catheterization site. Before catheterization, the artery ultrasonography images are collected. The primary outcome is the first-attempt success rate. The secondary outcomes included the ID and CSA of the artery and overall complications.

Official Title
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Effect of Local Warming for Arterial Catheterization in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study

Conditions
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Congenital Heart Disease

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: local warming


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: aged ≤ 2 years cardiac surgery with peripheral artery catheterization Exclusion Criteria: unstable vital signs pre-existing arterial catheter (exception of umbilical artery catheterization)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Maximum Age: 2 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Non-warming group (C)<br>After induction, the baseline artery ultrasonography images are collected for the internal diameter and cross-sectional area of the artery. In the non-warming group (C), local warming is not applied on the catheterization site. Before catheterization, the artery ultrasonography images are collected. Then, arterial catheterization is applied. | |
| Experimental: Warming group (W)<br>In the warming group (W), local warming is applied on the catheterization site. Before catheterization, the artery ultrasonography images are collected. Then, arterial catheterization is done. | Procedure: local warming<br>* local warming on the site for arterial catheterization using forced air warmer<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| first-attempt success rate of arterial catheterization | The first-attempt success rate of pediatric peripheral arterial catheterization in the non-warming group, or warming group | baseline, imediate after arterial catheterization | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| internal diameter (ID) and cross-sectional area (CSA) | internal diameter (ID) and cross-sectional area (CSA) | baseline, imediate after arterial catheterization in the non-warming group, or warming group |