Awareness of Osteoporosis in HIV Patients

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Osteoporosis is a condition that describes compromised skeletal microarchitecture in general, with clinical signs of decreased bone mineral density. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection are at increased risk for developing osteoporosis. Identifying whether patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection have information and awareness about this disease is crucial. This study is aimed to investigate awareness and knowledge of osteoporosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Osteoporosis is a common disease of bone loss. The reduced bone strength predisposes an increased risk for fractures in older individuals. It can affect people from different ethnicity. Many factors increase the risk of osteoporosis, including age, postmenopausal state, glucocorticoid use, low body weight, calcium, vitamin D, immobility, and chronic inflammation. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection are at high risk of developing osteoporosis due to chronic inflammation and their medications. Patients' knowledge and awareness about osteoporosis are essential for early detection, implementation of lifestyle changes, and treatment compliance. This study aimed to investigate osteoporosis awareness and knowledge about osteoporosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Official Title
-----------------
Awareness of Osteoporosis in HIV Patients

Conditions
-----------------
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Osteoporosis, Osteoporosis Risk

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Patient Participation Form


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Clinical diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus Must be between the ages of 18 and 99 Must give consent to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria: • Not giving consent

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 90 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection<br>Patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection | Other: Patient Participation Form<br>* A form that consists of revised osteoporosis knowledge test, osteoporosis self-efficacy scale, and osteoporosis health belief scale.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Revised Osteoporosis Knowledge Test | The 32-item Revised Osteoporosis Knowledge Test (ROKT; 2012), as reported by Gendler et al. (2015), is a revision of the original 24-item OKT developed by Kim, Horan, & Gendler (1991). This measure was developed to assess the osteoporosis knowledge of adults. Changes were made to update the original OKT to include current recommendations for calcium and vitamin D, exercise requirements, diagnosis and treatment, and a more comprehensive understanding of bone development and osteoporosis risk factors. It contains two subscales (Nutrition and Exercise), which share 14 common items including risk factors and general knowledge. Although the responses offered to participants are multiple choice (e.g., for risk items: more likely, less likely, neutral, don't know), there is only one correct answer for each item. Responses are dichotomously recoded as correct or incorrect. | 1 day | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy Scale | The Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy Scale (OSES) utilizes perceived susceptibility and seriousness, perceived barriers and benefits, health motivation, and self-confidence in one's ability to take actions needed to prevent osteoporosis to predict possible occurrence of health behaviors. | 1 day | 
| Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale | The Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS) is a 42-item questionnaire designed to assess susceptibility, seriousness, calcium benefits, calcium barriers, exercise benefits, exercise barriers, and health motivation related to osteoporosis. | 1 day |