Effects of Aminophylline Bolus on TCI (Target Controlled Infusion) Concentrations at Return of Responsiveness

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Aminophylline is an intravenous drug commonly utilized for asthma. However, some preclinical studies and few case reports and case series have described its utility in decrease the timing of return of consciousness after Propofol anaesthesia with an intravenous bolus of 4 mg/kg. We aimed to compare its effect during a total Intravenous Anaesthesia with Target Controlled Infusion (TIVA-TCI) routinely utilized for general anaesthesia in our hospital.

Detailed Description
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Aminophylline is an intravenous drug commonly utilized for asthma. However, some preclinical studies and few case reports and case series have described its utility in decrease the timing of return of consciousness after Propofol anaesthesia with an intravenous bolus of 4 mg/kg. We aimed to compare its effect during a total Intravenous Anasethesia with Target Controlled Infusion (TIVA-TCI) routinely utilized for general anaesthesia in our hospital (with Eleveld or Schnider Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic-PK/PD model). The timing from stop of propofol infusion to eye opening and return of responsiveness, the relative Concentration of Propofol (CeP) and the power spectrum of the Bispectral Index (BIS) with or without aminophylline bolus were taken into account.

Official Title
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Effects of Aminophylline Bolus on Eleveld and Schnider TCI (Target Controlled Infusion) Concentrations at Return of Responsiveness and on BIS (Bispectral Index) After Total Intravenous Anaesthesia With TCI

Conditions
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Propofol, Anesthesia Brain Monitoring

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Aminophyllin


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Undergo general anaesthesia with Targeted Controlled Infusion of Propofol (Eleveld or Schnider model) and Remifentanil (Minto model) Exclusion Criteria: Neurological disease Psychiatric disease Obesity

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Aminophylline<br>Patients who received Aminophylline bolus (4 mg/kg) at the end of general anesthesia conducted with Eleveld or Schnider TCI model (this model was chosen at anesthesiologist's discretion) | Drug: Aminophyllin<br>* Patients will be observationally included in the Elveld TCI or Schnider TCI group and recevied or not Aminiophylline bolus. The TCI model, such as the aminophylline delivery or not, is chosen at anesthesiologist's discretion, as suggested in literature<br>|
| Not Aminophylline<br>Patients who did not received Aminophylline bolus (4 mg/kg) at the end of general anesthesia conducted with Eleveld or SchniderTCI model (this model was chosen at anesthesiologist's discretion | Drug: Aminophyllin<br>* Patients will be observationally included in the Elveld TCI or Schnider TCI group and recevied or not Aminiophylline bolus. The TCI model, such as the aminophylline delivery or not, is chosen at anesthesiologist's discretion, as suggested in literature<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Correlation between Concentration at the effector site of Propofol after Aminophylline | Discover if, after an aminophylline bolus, there are differences between Concentrations at the effector site and timing at eye opening of Propofol using the Eleveld TCI model or Schnider TCI model, after standard general anaesthesia conducted with Propofol and remifentanil delivered with target controlled infusion pumps, usually adopted in our Hospital to delivery general anaesthesia | We will collected data about Drugs concentration and BIS values during general anaesthesia. We will collect BIS and TCI Propofol values during all the duration of anesthesia, form the start of anaesthesia until the emergence from anesthesia |