Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Peripheral Artery Disease TENS-PAD Study / TENS-AOMI

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Purpose: The investigators team recently carried out a proof of concept study testing the efficacy of one single 45-minute session of 10 Hz TENS prior to walking, versus placebo. In this randomized study, the investigators found that TENS significantly delayed pain onset and increased the pain-free walking distance in patients with class II PAD. From these encouraging results, the investigators now seek to assess the efficacy of an intervention that includes the daily use of TENS for 3 weeks (5 days a week) on walking distance in PAD (Leriche-Fontaine stage II). Methods/Design: prospective multicentre study / randomized controlled trial / double blinding.

Detailed Description
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Interventions (2 groups): Experimental group (TENS group): the treatment will consist of stimulation of the leg (frequency of 10 Hz, Biphasic, with a pulse width of 200 µs, maximal intensity below motor threshold), 45 minutes per day, in the morning before the exercise rehabilitation programme, for 3 weeks, 5 days per week. Control group (group SHAM): the stimulation placebo will be delivered according to the same modalities as for the TENS group but with a voltage level that vanishes automatically after 10 seconds of stimulation. 15 days of interventions (TENS or SHAM) between J0 and J23, End of study for patient at J24-J25, two days for the last analyses who are the same of inclusion's visit J0. Primary outcome: walking distance (metres) measured on a treadmill with a standardized protocol. Secondary outcomes: transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) measured during a Strandness exercise test, peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) (ml.min.kg-1), endothelial function (EndoPAT®), ankle-brachial pressure index, body mass index, lipid profile (LDL-C, HDL-C, Triglycerides), fasting glycaemia, HbA1c, WELCH questionnaire.

Official Title
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Efficacy of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in the Improvement of Walking Distance in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease With Intermittent Claudication

Conditions
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Peripheral Artery Disease

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
* Device: SHAM Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Unilateral Leriche stage II PAD, admitted to cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit Men or women Able to take part in an out-patient rehabilitation programme Clinically stable Sedentary Provided informed consent to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria: Ward of court Walking disorders related to orthopaedic or neuromuscular disease Participation in a structured physical reconditioning programme in the month before the study Renal insufficiency requiring dialysis Known and documented myopathy Progressive cancer Associated progressive disease causing a deterioration in general health Participation in another research protocol Skin disorder making it impossible to use TENS Absolute contra-indication to physical activity Presence of pacemaker / defibrillator Pregnant women in the 1st trimester / 12 weeks

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 85 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: 1 - TENS group<br>The treatment will consist of Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS): stimulation of the leg (frequency of 10 Hz, Biphasic, with a pulse width of 200 µs, maximal intensity below motor threshold), 45 minutes per day, in the morning before the exercise rehabilitation programme, for 3 weeks, 5 days per week. | Device: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)<br>* Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is the use of electric current produced by a device to stimulate the nerves that only induces sensory stimulation (without muscle contraction) and is classically used in the treatment of pain.<br>|
| Sham Comparator: 2 - SHAM group<br>SHAM Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) : the stimulation placebo will be delivered according to the same modalities as for the TENS group but with a voltage level that vanishes automatically after 10 seconds of stimulation. | Device: SHAM Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)<br>* Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is the use of electric current produced by a device to stimulate the nerves that only induces sensory stimulation (without muscle contraction) and is classically used in the treatment of pain.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| walking distance without pain (in meters) | the evolution of the claudication distance between the start and the end of the study (1 session of TENS each day , 15 days in total) in the two intervention group (TENS vs SHAM). Measure of change between inclusion and end of study. | Change between J0 and J25 (15 days) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak in ml.min) | maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak in ml.min) Measure of change between inclusion and end of study. | Change between J0 and J25 (15 days) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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endothelial function, peripheral artery disease, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, walking ability