Sevoflurane in Cardiac Surgery

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Patients undergoing high risk cardiac surgery (combined CABG and valvular procedures) will be randomized to receive a total intravenous anesthesia or an anesthesia plan with sevoflurane. The investigators want to document whether the cardioprotective properties of volatile agents could translate in an improved outcome after cardiac surgery in high risk patients.

Detailed Description
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Background It is commonly believed that the choice of the primary anesthetic agent does not result in different outcomes after cardiac surgery. Recent evidence however has indicated that volatile anesthetics improve post-ischemic recovery. These results have been summarized in a meta-analysis of 22 randomized studies, involving 1922 patients: the use of volatile anesthetics was associated with significant reductions of myocardial infarctions (24/979 [2.4%] in the volatile anesthetics group vs 45/874 [5.1%] in the control arm, odds ratio [OR]=0.51 [0.32-0.84], and mortality (4/977 [0.4%] vs 14/872 [1.6%], OR=0.31 [0.12-0.80]. Furthermore, the use of volatile anesthetics was associated with shorter intensive-care unit stay (WMD=-7.10 hours [-11.47; -2.73], and time to hospital discharge (WMD=-2.26 days [-3.83; -0.68]. All the studies of the meta-analysis included low risk patients undergoing isolated procedures (mostly coronary artery bypass grafting). Objectives Investigators are planning a large multicentre randomized controlled study to confirm the beneficial cardioprotective effects of volatile anesthetics in cardiac surgery as indicated by a reduced intensive care stay and/or death in an high risk population of patients undergoing combined valvular and coronary procedures. Secondary endpoints will be: cardiac troponin release; incidence of myocardial infarction; time on mechanical ventilation; postoperative hospital stay Methods Various centers will randomize 200 patients to receive either a total intravenous anesthesia with propofol or an anesthesia with sevoflurane. All patients will receive a standard middle dose opiates anesthesia. All the perioperative management will be otherwise identical and standardized. Transfer out of the intensive care will be performed with SpO2 94% or greater at an FiO2 of 0.5 or less by facemask, adequate cardiac stability with no hemodynamically significant arrhythmias, chest tube drainage less than 50 ml/h, urine output greater than 0.5 ml/kg/h, no intravenous inotropic or vasopressor therapy in excess of dopamine 5 ug/kg/min, and no seizure activity. Expected Results The reduced cardiac damage (reduction in cardiac troponin release and in the incidence of myocardial infarction) will translate into a better tissue perfusion and faster recovery as documented by reduced intensive care unit.

Official Title
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Sevoflurane and Cardiac Protection in High Risk Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. A Randomized Controlled Study.

Conditions
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Anesthesia, Cardiac Surgery

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: sevoflurane
* Drug: propofol


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: age >18 years written informed consent scheduled procedures Exclusion Criteria: ongoing acute myocardial infarction cardiac troponin >1 ng/ml previous unusual response to an anesthetic use of sulfonylurea, theophylline or allopurinol thoracotomy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 99 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: sevoflurane<br>The study group will receive Sevoflurane for a 4-6 hours period (from anesthesia induction to transfer to ICU). | Drug: sevoflurane<br> <br> |
| Active Comparator: propofol<br>The control group will receive propofol for the same 4-6 hours period. | Drug: propofol<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Composite endpoint or number of dead patients and/or number of patients requiring prolonged intensive care unit stay |  |  | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| cardiac troponin release |  |  | 
| incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction |  |  | 
| time on mechanical ventilation |  |  | 
| postoperative hospital stay |  |  | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Sevoflurane, Anesthesia, Troponin, Myocardial Preconditioning, Surgery, Cardiac, Stents, Non-cardiac Surgery, Surgery