Metabolomic Analysis of the Impacts of Hydration Status on Exercise Performance

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Kona Deep is bottled water extracted from a depth of 3000 feet off the cost of Kona, Hawaii. Kona Deep claims that this unique source provides water that is naturally free of pathogens, chemicals and pollutants and rich in nutrients and minerals that are readily absorbed by the body. The investigators wish to examine Kona Deep's claim that this water is beneficial to the human body by testing the impact of drinking Kona Deep on exercise performance and recovery. Subjects will be exercised to a safe level of dehydration and then will be rehydrated with Kona Deep water, or commercially available bottled spring water or Gatorade as controls. Subjects will perform a simple exercise to evaluate peak power performance. This measurement will be compared between rehydration methods for significant differences.

Detailed Description
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Exercise-induced dehydration is very common in athletes and regularly active individuals. Hypohydration, if sufficiently severe, can negatively impact physical performance and mental capacity. Development of an efficient rehydration therapy could prove beneficial in these circumstances. Multiple animal studies have shown the positive effects of desalinated deep-sea mineral water on various physiological conditions. The beneficial effects of deep-sea mineral water may be attributed to its unique mineral composition, particularly magnesium, which is highly abundant in deep-sea water. The investigators wish to evaluate whether a similar response occurs in post-exercise rehydration using deep ocean water from a different source. Kona Deep is marketed as Hawaiian glacier water drawn from a depth of 915 m off the Kona coast that is naturally rich in electrolytes and nutrients, and that is free of mercury, harmful bacterial, and pollutants, making it a desired drinking water source. Accordingly, the investigators will investigate whether subjects administered Kona Deep following an exercise challenge undergo more rapid rehydration and demonstrate higher peak power production compared to subjects administered commercially available liquids. Euhydrated subjects in this study will be exposed to an exercise-challenge protocol (stationary biking) under warm conditions (30°C) to accelerate dehydration. Dehydration will be measured as a body mass loss of 3-5% (maximum exercise time will be 180 minutes). A body mass loss of 3% is the minimal amount lost during a similar exercise-dehydration protocol but where significance was still observed in exercise performance, recovery, and physiological parameters. During the post-exercise recovery period, subjects will consume one of three liquids in a volume equivalent to 1.5 times the body mass lost. Rehydration measured by salivary and urinary osmolality and exercise recovery will be measured such as oxygen consumption (VO2) at 60% estimated maximal heart rate and peak power production by contraction of the knee extensors before exercise, immediately after exercise, and after the rehydration period.

Official Title
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Metabolomic Analysis of the Impacts of Hydration Status on Exercise Performance

Conditions
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Dehydration, Physical Exertion, Salivary Osmolar Concentration, Urinary Osmolar Concentration

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Kona Deep
* Dietary Supplement: Spring Water
* Dietary Supplement: Sports Drink


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Non-smokers, BMI: 18.5-24.9, 20-25 years of age, physically active Exclusion Criteria: prescription medications, BMI > 24.9

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 25 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Kona Deep<br>Subjects will receive Kona Deep post-exercise | Dietary Supplement: Kona Deep<br>* Subjects will receive Kona Deep post exercise<br>* Other names: Deep Seawater;|
| Placebo Comparator: Spring Water<br>Subjects will receive commercially available Spring Water post-exercise | Dietary Supplement: Spring Water<br>* Subjects will receive Spring Water post exercise<br>|
| Active Comparator: Sports Drink<br>Subjects will receive commercially available Sports Drink post-exercise | Dietary Supplement: Sports Drink<br>* Subjects will receive Sports Drink post exercise<br>* Other names: Gatorade;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Salivary Osmolar Concentration during Exercise, Post-Exercise, Post-Rehydration | Saliva will be collected at regular intervals throughout the study protocol | 0-180 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Urinary Osmolar Concentration during Exercise, Post-Exercise, Post-Rehydration | Urine will be collected prior to, immediately following exercise and immediately following rehydration. | 0-180 minutes | 
| Change in Lower body muscle power Pre-Exercise, Post-Exercise, Post-Rehydration | Lower body muscle power will be determined prior to, immediately following exercise and immediately following rehydration. This will be executed using a Biodex Dynamometer to determine single leg extension and flexion torque. | 0-180 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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deep sea mineral water, exercise recovery, salivary osmolar concentration, urinary osmolar concentration, hydration