Dry Needling of the Trapezius Muscle in Office Workers With Neck Pain

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Deep dry needling of active myofascial trigger points of trapezius muscle is effective in the dimminution of pain of patients

Detailed Description
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EVALUATION: A blind assesor does a complete evaluation of the patients to determine if they take part of the study. An assesment of pain (by visual analogue scale), Pain pressure theshold (kg/cm2 by algometry, Range of motion (CROM goniometer in degrees) and strength (digital dinamometry in Newtons) are performed. In this evaluation inclusion criteria is checked too. INTERVENTION: -TREATMENT GROUP(Deep dry needling group (DDN)): An experienced physical therapist performed this treatment. The intervention included DDN of every active MTrP found in the trapezius muscle using a 4 cm x 0.32 mm acupuncture needle with guided tube. ). In the case of upper trapezius active MTrPs, DDN was performed in the prone position. For medium and lower trapezius muscle MTrPs, DDN was performed in a side-lying position as described by Simons et al. (Simons et al., 1999). Once the needle was inserted into the MTrP previously marked by the blinded assessor, local twitch responses (LTRs) were obtained by using Hong's fast-in and fast-out technique, which involves rapid movements of the needle in and out of the MTrP. After that, the stretch is performed - Passive stretch of the trapezius muscle (both groups) Another experienced physical therapist, after taking part of training-sesions to do the same stretch as in DDN group, performed the stretch.Participants in this group received the same stretch as patients in treatment group.

Official Title
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Dry Needling of the Trapezius Muscle in Office Workers With Neck Pain. Randomised, Single Blinded Clinical Trial

Conditions
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Myofascial Trigger Point Pain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Group 1. Deep dry needling
* Other: group 2. Passive analitical stretch (performed in both groups)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: over 18 present myofascial trigger points in trapezius muscle Exclusion Criteria: to be under anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticoagulant, muscle relaxant or antidepressant medication at the start of the study or one week before it (Simons, 2004) to suffer from fibromyalgia syndrome, or to have any contraindication to conservative or invasive physiotherapy (infection, fever, hypothyroidism, fear of needles, wounds in the area of the puncture, metal allergy, cancer, systemic disease) (Baldry, 2005).

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Deep dry needling<br>The group of DDN receive this treatment and stretch | Other: Group 1. Deep dry needling<br>* Deep dry needling and stretch. The intervention included DDN of every active MTrP found in the trapezius muscle using a 4 cm x 0.32 mm acupuncture needle as described by Simons et al. (Simons et al., 1999). Once the needle was inserted into the MTrP previously marked by the blinded assessor, local twitch responses (LTRs) were obtained by using Hong's fast-in and fast-out technique, which involves rapid movements of the needle in and out of the MTrP. After four LTRs, the needle was withdrawn and the area was disinfected with alcohol again (Simons et al., 1999). Then, passive stretch was performed on the trapezius muscle.<br>|
| Other: muscle stretch<br>The stretch applied was as described by Simons et al. (Simons et al., 1999). During the stretch the physiotherapist took up the slack, avoiding pain elicitation, maintaining the tension for four seconds and releasing the tension for eight seconds; this cycle was repeated three times | Other: Group 1. Deep dry needling<br>* Deep dry needling and stretch. The intervention included DDN of every active MTrP found in the trapezius muscle using a 4 cm x 0.32 mm acupuncture needle as described by Simons et al. (Simons et al., 1999). Once the needle was inserted into the MTrP previously marked by the blinded assessor, local twitch responses (LTRs) were obtained by using Hong's fast-in and fast-out technique, which involves rapid movements of the needle in and out of the MTrP. After four LTRs, the needle was withdrawn and the area was disinfected with alcohol again (Simons et al., 1999). Then, passive stretch was performed on the trapezius muscle.<br>Other: group 2. Passive analitical stretch (performed in both groups)<br> <br> * Other names: only the same stretch as performed in deep dry needling group.;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Subjective Pain scored by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS.Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention, an average of 6 weeks) | pretreatment = at baseline; post-treatment= after 5 physical therapy sessions, 3 weeks after baseline; follow-up= 15 days after last intervention. | pretreatment, postreatment and follow-up(15 days) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pain Pressure Threshold (PPT. Participants were followed for the duration of the intervention, an average of 6 weeks) | pretreatment = at baseline; post-treatment= after 5 physical therapy sessions, 3 weeks after baseline; follow-up= 15 days after last intervention. | Pretreatment, post treatment and follow-up. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Myofascial pain syndromes,physiotherapy,muscle stretching exercises,neck pain,dry needling