Clinical Study on Second-eye Pain in Cataract Surgery

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The degree of perceived pain in the second-eye surgery of cataract patients is significantly higher than that in the first-eye surgery, which can lead to nervous tension during surgery and affect the surgical outcome and satisfaction. Study suggested that in addition to psychological factors, there might be subclinical sympathetic reactions leading to increased pain in the second-eyes, but the objective indicators and clinical relevance are not clear. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mechanism of second-eye pain in cataract surgery, and to provide a test index that can effectively predict the degree of intraoperative pain in patients, as an important reference for the development of a suitable time for second eye surgery. This study is based on clinical case studies, recruiting patients with clinically diagnosed binocular age-related cataract and require binocular surgery, to compare the correlation of intraocular inflammatory factors in the second eye and patients' self-pain scores while both eyes' surgery are completed by the same doctor in the same operating room, and the correlation of the change of inflammatory factors and the time interval between the two eyes surgery, to analyze the second-eye subclinical sympathetic reaction changing with the time interval after the first cataract surgery from the molecular biological results. Using the latest international anterior segment vascularization optical coherence tomography(OCT) scan and optical microvascular imaging(OMAG) analysis technology to quantify iris blood flow, this study analyzes the iris blood flow density, vascular density and other indicators before and after cataract surgery, and carry out its correlation with the degree of intraocular subclinical sympathetic reaction, providing a rapid, non-invasive objective examination index of the second-eye subclinical sympathetic response.

Detailed Description
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Coordination and Quality Control Team: The inspection and audit of this research project will be established mainly by hospital clinical research center staff and assisted by the Ophthalmology Reading Center team; The project team member will accept training before the study begins while unified inspection methods and requirements is established in standard operating procedures. The project team double enter the test data independently and establishes an electronic database. The project team randomly selects the data and repeats the measurements to ensure the accuracy as internal audit regularly.

Official Title
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Subclinical Sympathetic Response Related to Second-eye Pain in Cataract Surgery and Its Noninvasive Detection Index

Conditions
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Senile Cataract

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: diagnosed with binocular age-related cataract. Both eyes require phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. binocular surgery was performed by the same physician in the same operating room, and the anesthesia and surgical procedures were consistent. Patients can fully understand the research purpose, research content, accidents and benefits and risks of the clinical trial, and can make their own decisions on participating or not. Exclusion Criteria: -

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 40 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| peribulbar anesthesia1<br>Time interval between two eyes' cataract surgery is or less than 14 days and using peribulbar anesthesia | |
| topical anesthesia1<br>Time interval between two eyes' cataract surgery is or less than 14 days and using topical anesthesia | |
| peribulbar anesthesia2<br>Time interval between two eyes' cataract surgery is from 15 to 21 days and using peribulbar anesthesia | |
| topical anesthesia2<br>Time interval between two eyes' cataract surgery is from 15 to 21 days and using topical anesthesia | |
| peribulbar anesthesia3<br>Time interval between two eyes' cataract surgery is from 22 to 28 days and using peribulbar anesthesia | |
| topical anesthesia3<br>Time interval between two eyes' cataract surgery is from 22 to 28 days and using topical anesthesia | |
| peribulbar anesthesia4<br>Time interval between two eyes' cataract surgery is from 29 to 60 days and using peribulbar anesthesia | |
| topical anesthesia4<br>Time interval between two eyes' cataract surgery is from 29 to 60 days and using topical anesthesia | |
| peribulbar anesthesia5<br>Time interval between two eyes' cataract surgery is from 61 to 90 days and using peribulbar anesthesia | |
| topical anesthesia5<br>Time interval between two eyes' cataract surgery is from 61 to 90 days and using topical anesthesia | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Surgery Pain Severity Score | visual analogue scale is used to assess the surgery pain. Visual analogue scales (VAS) are psychometric measuring instruments designed to document the characteristics of disease-related symptom severity in individual patients. A VAS is usually a 100-mm long horizontal line with verbal descriptors (word anchors) at each end to express the extremes of the feeling, the position of the respondent's cross is generally assigned a score between 0 and 100. | Within one hour after first eye surgery; within one hour after second eye surgery (performed up to 90 days after first eye surgery) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Concentration of inflammatory factors in aqueous humor | the Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1,interleukin-6,interleukin-8,monocyte chemotactic protein-1,interleukin2,macrophage inflammatory protein-1α,macrophage inflammatory protein-1,carbon tetrachloride ,chemokine ligand 9,Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 01,C-C motif chemokine 11 are measured using Luminex | aqueous humor is acquired at the beginning of the first eye surgery and the second eye surgery (performed up to 90 days after first eye surgery) | 
| Change in blood flow density of iris vascular | CIRRUS High Definition-OCT 5000(Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) | Within 24 hours before first eye surgery and Day 1, Week 1, Week 3, Month 1, Month 3 after first eye surgery, or within 24 hours before second-eye surgery (performed up to 90 days after first eye surgery) | 
| Change in vascular density of iris vascular | CIRRUS High Definition-OCT 5000(Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) | Within 24 hours before first eye surgery and Day 1, Week 1, Week 3, Month 1, Month 3 after first eye surgery, or within 24 hours before second-eye surgery (performed up to 90 days after first eye surgery) |