The Age-related Changes of Energy Metabolism in Physically Fit Adult Males

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The influence of age and physical fitness level on the level of energy metabolism and antioxidant capacity in adult males.

Detailed Description
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Over four hundred healthy, adult males of different age categories and physical fitness levels were included in the study. There is much research convincing that in athletes of various sports disciplines the level of energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and amino acid profiles during years of training undergoes sports adaptation. The study aimed to evaluate how age and physical fitness level affects the level of purine metabolites and metabolites of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, the level of antioxidant capacity, and amino acid profiles. Investigators hypothesized that there will be an age-related decline in most of the physiological indices, but significant differences will appear regarding the level of an individual's sports adaptation.

Official Title
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The Influence of Age and Physical Fitness Level on the Level of Energy Metabolism and Antioxidant Capacity in Adult Males

Conditions
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Healthy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Cardio-pulmonary exercise test


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: healthy non-smoking physically fit, including top-level athletes Exclusion Criteria: no reported history of a cardiopulmonary or renal diseases, and other chronic diseases no major orthopedic injury or illness resulting in an inability to run no medications that could affect cardiopulmonary functions normal resting electrocardiogram body mass index (BMI) below 30.0 kg·m-2 normal erythrocyte count and Hb content no pathological states known of significantly elevated adenylate pool and concentration of ATP, e.g. sickle cell disease, diabetes, leukemia, sepsis, tuberculosis, meningococcal infection, or renal insufficiency

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Healthy, physically fit men<br>All participants underwent a single CPET test with pre- and post-exercise blood measurements. | Diagnostic Test: Cardio-pulmonary exercise test<br>* An incremental running test was conducted on the treadmill. Initially, the exercise protocol included standing still for 3 min and walking for 3 min at a constant speed of 4 km/h. After this introductory part, the speed was increased to 8 km/h and then every 3 min by 2 km/h until the volitional exhaustion was reached. During all procedure oxygen consumption was measured with the use of a portable breath-by-breath ergospirometer.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cardio-respiratory measures | Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) was conducted while an incremental running test on the treadmill using a portable breath-by-breath ergospirometer and heart rate monitor. | during the intervention | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Blood Lactate level | Lactate concentration was performed by the spectrophotometric enzymatic method. | baseline and immediately after the intervention | 
| Plasma purine nucleotides | The plasma purine metabolites were estimated in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-VIS detection. Measurements performed: Guanosine, Inosine, Adenosine, Hypoxanthine, Xanthine, Uric Acid, Allantoin, Adenine Nucleotides [adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), inosine monophasphate (IMP)], Guanine Nucleotides [guanosine triphosphate (GTP), guanosine diphosphate (GDP), guanosine monophosphate (GMP)]. | baseline and immediately after the intervention | 
| Erythrocyte Purine Metabolites | The erythrocyte purine metabolites were estimated in erythrocytes using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-VIS detection. Measurements performed: Adenine Nucleotides [adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), inosine monophasphate (IMP)], Guanine Nucleotides [guanosine triphosphate (GTP), guanosine diphosphate (GDP), guanosine monophosphate (GMP)]. | baseline and immediately after the intervention | 
| Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) activity | The HGPRT activity was estimated in whole blood and in erythrocytes using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-VIS detection. | baseline and immediately after the intervention | 
| Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) and its metabolites | Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) and its metabolites were estimated in plasma using mass spectrometric procedure. Measurements performed: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+), Nicotinamide (NA), 1-Methylnicotinamide (MNA), 1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (M2PY), 1-methyl-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide (M4PY), Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN), 4-pyridone-3-carboxamide ribonucleoside (4PYR) | baseline and immediately after the intervention | 
| Total antioxidant status (TAS) | Total antioxidant status (TAS) measurement was performed using commercially available ELISA immunoassay. | baseline | 
| Thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARS) | The measurement of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARS) was performed using commercially available ELISA immunoassay. | baseline | 
| Malondialdehyde (MDA) | The measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) was performed using commercially available ELISA immunoassay. | baseline | 
| Polyphenols | The measurement of polyphenols was performed using commercially available ELISA immunoassay. | baseline | 
| Reduced glutathione (GSH) | The measurement of reduced glutathione (GSH) was performed using commercially available ELISA immunoassay. | baseline | 
| Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity | The measurement of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was performed using commercially available ELISA immunoassay. | baseline | 
| Aminoacid profile | The levels of 20 aminoacids were estimated in plasma using mass spectrometric procedure. | baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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athletes, masters, purine metabolites, NAD metabolites, CPET