Anthropometric and Biomechanical Analysis of the Infant Foot

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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In the era of science and technology, footwear has become not only an essential item of clothing, but also another tool for the optimal development of children, the improvement of work and sports performance or the prevention and treatment of pathologies. The anthropometric characteristics of the child's foot differ considerably from those of the adult foot, in fact, it is not until the age of 18-19 years that the structure of the foot is finally consolidated. Therefore, it is essential that footwear manufacturers know these characteristics to achieve an adequate design. Current scientific evidence highlights the importance of considering the unique morphology of the infant foot, as well as the high functional demands to which footwear is subjected at these ages. There is a lack of studies that analyze in detail the shape of the child's foot.

Detailed Description
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Given that the data we have so far comes from studies that are not very current and on small samples, there is a need to update these variables to transfer these results to the productive fabric. Therefore, the objective of this research is to carry out an anthropometric and biomechanical analysis of the infant foot in order to use these data in the creation of a standard last that respects its morphology. Subsequently, said last will be subjected to different fit tests to verify its correct adaptation to the foot in this population group.

Official Title
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Anthropometric and Biomechanical Analysis of the Children's Foot for the Design of Healthy Footwear: ABIP Study

Conditions
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Child, Only

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Anthropometric study


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: School-age boys and girls with foot sizes between 20 and 41 Attending school and belonging to public, private or concerted schools, to guarantee the variability of the sample in terms of type of school. Exclusion Criteria: Present a severe structural or functional alteration of the foot, which prevents an adequate digitization of the foot and ankle with the hardware and software used to collect the samples. Not having the signature of the informed consent or express authorization of the parents or legal guardians to carry out the measurement and the subsequent processing of the data. Inability to stand or walk independently. Present crying or fear, not being cooperative or engaging in inappropriate behavior.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 12 Months
Maximum Age: 15 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Anthropometric study of children's feet and healthy standard last design:<br>An anthropometric study of the feet of the subjects included in the sample will be carried out. The variables of interest used in this work are collected by digitizing the foot and ankle of each person, as well as through an anonymous questionnaire, which the study volunteers and their parents or legal guardians fill out and deliver. From the data collected, 5 models of healthy standard last will be produced that are adapted to the anthropometric characteristics of our study population: sports last, boot last, sandal last, ballerina last and moccasin last. | Diagnostic Test: Anthropometric study<br>* Once the 5 models of lasts have been produced in phase 1, certain shoe models will be designed and manufactured based on these lasts at random and at the free choice of the designers of a footwear company. These models will then be physically tested on children to analyze their effects on walking and walking.<br>* Other names: Design and manufacture of shoes and fit tests;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Shoe test | Using different reference points of the foot, the areas to be measured will be measured in millimeters. They are collected by digitizing the foot and ankle of each person, using the 3D scanner and the IcadPie Software. | Up to 3 month | 
| Plantar pressure | Based on sensory technology, the sensors are placed along a fixed platform, connected via a universal serial bus cable to a computer and appropriate software. The sensors, by supporting pressure, generate a potential difference that can be measured. This electrical voltage value is detected by the sensors themselves, and a computer program reinterprets it in the form of a graph with the captured values. The graph consists of a plantar footprint with a range of colors, according to the relative baropressure captured. This instrument would provide us with quantifiable data about how load patterns behave in bare feet and shoes, in order to establish useful comparisons in our study | Up to 3 month | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Children, Foot development, Foot posture, Paediatric foot, Shoes