The Effect of Exercises on Young Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study was to assess the treatment effect of plates and conventional exercises on health related quality of life, pain, functional level, psychological state in young adults. Randomised controlled study. Participants were randomly divided into 3 groups: a plates exercise group (n = 29), a therapeutic exercise group (n = 21), and a control group (n = 35). The therapeutic and plates groups underwent related training programs for 3 month, while the controls had no specific training. After demographic knowledge were collected the investigators carried out the following assessments on all participants: the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Waist/ Hip ratio (WHr), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Notthingham Health Profile (NHP). All subjects were evaluated at baseline and post-training.

Official Title
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Does The Pilates or Therapeutic Exercises Effects on Functional Level, Depression, Pain, Qualıty of Life in Young Adults

Conditions
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Exercise, Young Adults, Quality of Life, Pain, Depressive Symptoms

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: • They were apparently healthy and had no systematic diseases or any problem preventing their participation in any exercise program. Exclusion Criteria: Having a systemic pathology, including inflammatory, rheumatologic, or metabolic diseases Having any musculoskeletal injury, pathology, or structural deformity related to the spine or extremities Having any active intervention including corticosteroid or any medication in the previous 3 months.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 25 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: randomized controlled
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: training gruop<br>The plates exercise program is concerned with the following main principles: efficient breathing, mental concentration, relaxation, correct spine elongation and posture, correct abdominal muscle control over spine stability and mobility, correct function of each upper and lower limb, precision, lowing integrated movement, and achieving muscle strength and stamina. | Behavioral: training<br>* plates and therapeutic exercises applied on young adults<br>|
| Active Comparator: training group<br>Therapeutic exercise program was designed according to the American Collage of Sports Medicine's recommendations for healthy people. The exercise program was conducted using low- to moderate-intensity therapeutic exercises. These therapeutic exercises included a short educational talk that provided information on proper body mechanics, the benefits of exercise, realistic goal-setting, and overcoming common barriers (such as fear) when developing an exercise routine. | Behavioral: training<br>* plates and therapeutic exercises applied on young adults<br>|
| No Intervention: Control group<br>Participants in the control group have no exercise in this study. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Assessment of changes in the pain | A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to their level of pain subjects experienced throughout these activities. The VAS is comprised of a 10 cm horizontal line, wherein 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates unbearable pain (Sang, Sang, Dong and Byung, 2016). Participants were asked to mark the strength of their ongoing musculoskeletal pain on the horizontal line. | 12 weeks | 
| Assessment of changes in the depression | The Back Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to determine patients' level of depression; each item on the scale is given a score of one to three, allowing for a maximum test score of 63 according to form. A subjects' total overall score is then used as an indicator of the presence and severity of depression: a total score lower than 10 indicates no depression, a score of 10-17 indicates mild depression, a score of 18-29 indicates moderate-to-severe depression, and a score of 30 or above indicates severe depression (Muyan, Sancak and Demir, 2017). | 12 weeks | 
| Health related quality of life | The Turkish version of the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) was used to assess participants' health-related quality of life. The NHP is a general quality of life questionnaire that measures individuals' perceived health problems and the extent to which these problems affect their normal daily activities. The questionnaire is comprised of 38 items and evaluates six dimensions of healthy individuals' health statuses, these include: energy (three items), pain (eight items), emotional reactions (nine items), sleep (five items), social isolation (five items) and physical activity (eight items). The test includes a list of yes/no questions. Each section yields a score between 0 and 100 for each subject, where 0 represents the best possible health status and 100 represent the worst possible health status (Liang, Wang and Tao, 2015). | 12 weeks | 
| Functional level | The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaires were distributed to participants and scored according to the study by Yakut et al. The research authors noted that some of the questions on the ODI are directly related to physical activities (lifting, walking, etc.). The level of disability was evaluated using the ODI, which is a condition specific questionnaire regarding how low back pain affects activities of daily living. The questionnaire rates 10 different activities based on a six-point scale, with 0 for ''no pain at all'' and 5 for ''cannot perform due to pain''. The higher the score, the greater the disability the subject was deemed to have (Rodríguez-Romero, Bello, Vivas Costa and Carballo-Costa, 2018). | 12 weeks | 
| Assessment of changes in the Waist and Hip circumference | To find the waist/hip (WHr) ratio, participants' waist circumference was taken in centimeters (cm) using a tape measure to measure the point midway between the costal margin and iliac crest on the mid-axillary line, with the subject standing and breathing normally. Hip circumference (cm) was measured at the widest point around the greater trochanter. The waist-to-hip ratios of participants were calculated by dividing their waist measurement by their hip measurement (Tam and Çakır, 2012). | 12weeks |