Why do People With Low Back Pain Fear and Avoid Lifting?

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The investigators' main focus of this trial will be to investigate why people with low back pain perceive lifting (with a bent back) as harmful. whether general measures of pain-related fear are associated with task-specific measures of perceived harmfulness why people with low back pain avoid lifting (with a bent back) This will be investigated using self-report (i.e., questionnaires)

Official Title
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Why do People With Low Back Pain Fear and Avoid Lifting?

Conditions
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Low Back Pain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Cross-sectional self-report (questionnaires)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: low back pain >3 months Exclusion Criteria: healthy persons low back pain <3 months

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 100 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: LBP<br>This group will be asked to complete self-reported questionnaires on a single occasion (cross-sectional) | Other: Cross-sectional self-report (questionnaires)<br>* participants in this group will be ask to complete questionnaires on one occasion (i.e., cross-sectional investigation). The questionnaires will consist of a self-developed questionnaire and standard questionnaires. The main aspects of the self-developed questionnaires are perceived harmfulness of activities (selection of PHODA-SeV) cognitions about lifting and pain reasons for avoidance behaviour (lifting) Standardised questionnaires include NRS for pain TSK-11 FABQ RMDQ<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| cognitions about perceived harmfulness and avoidance of lifting | cognitions about perceived harmfulness and avoidance of lifting using self-developed questionnaires. Questions will be scored on a 1-5 Likert scale (1= completely disagree, 5= completely agree) | Day 1 (cross-sectional study) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pain-related fear | Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia 11-item version questionaire (range= 11-44. Higher score = higher levels of pain-related fear) | Day 1 (cross-sectional study) | 
| perceived harmfulness of specific tasks | perceived harmfulness of specific tasks measured with a selection of pictures of the Photographs of Daily Activities - Short Electronic version. Each picture will be scored on a 0-100 scale, with higher scores indicating higher levels of perceived harmfulness | Day 1 (cross-sectional study) | 
| Disability | Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (score range= 0-24, higher score= higher level of disbility) | Day 1 (cross-sectional study) | 
| Task-specific self-efficacy | For different tasks, participants will be asked to rate the task-specific self-efficacy on a 0-10 Visual analogue scale (higher scores= higher levels of self-efficacy) | Day 1 (cross-sectional study) | 
| Task-specific disability | For different tasks, participants will be asked to rate their perceived disability on a 0-10 Visual analogue scale (higher scores= higher levels of disability) | Day 1 (cross-sectional study) | 
| Pain-related fear | Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire. The Activity Avoidance Subscale (score range= 0-24) and Work subscale (score range= 0-42) will both be used. Higher scores indicate higher levels of pain-related fear | Day 1 (cross-sectional study) | 
| Pain intensity | Numeric rating scale (0-10, higher score= higher level of pain) | Day 1 (cross-sectional study) |