Motivational Interviewing Compared to Psychoeducation for Smoking Precontemplators With SMI

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The investigators primary hypothesis was that recipients of the Motivational Interviewing intervention would be significantly more likely than those assigned to the Psychoeducation intervention to demonstrate increased readiness to quit smoking at the end of the intervention and to seek smoking cessation treatment in the one month period following the intervention. We also predicted that the Psychoeducation intervention would result in greater improvements in smoking knowledge.

Official Title
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A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Motivational Interviewing Compared to Psychoeducation for Smoking Precontemplators With Severe Mental Illness

Conditions
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Nicotine Dependence

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Motivational Interviewing
* Other: Psychoeducation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 18-65 years of age Had a diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, or chronic major depressive disorder by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria Smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day At baseline, reported not being ready to quit smoking within the next 30 days (i.e., in precontemplation or contemplation stages). Exclusion Criteria: -

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Motivational Interviewing<br>The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/Motivational Interviewing group consisted of four group sessions focused on using motivational interviewing to enhance motivation to quit smoking and on presenting cognitive-behavioral techniques for preparing to cut down or quit smoking. The following four topics were covered in this program: 1) Positive and Negative Aspects of Smoking, 2) Concerns and Hopes about Cutting Down or Quitting, 3) Small Changes that Can Help You Get Motivated, and 4) Planning for the Future. | Other: Motivational Interviewing<br> <br> |
| Experimental: Psychoeducation<br>The education group also consisted of four group sessions that were co-led by a doctoral-level clinical psychologist and at bachelors-level research assistant. However, the focus of the education group was to present factual information about health risks of smoking, benefits of quitting, pharmacological smoking cessation aides, and smoking cessation programs in the area. The four group topics included: 1) Health Risks of Smoking, 2) Benefits of Quitting, 3) Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Bupropion (Zyban), and 4) Options for Treatment Programs. | Other: Psychoeducation<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Readiness to quit (Stage of Change) | efficacy of a cognitive behavioral therapy/motivational (MI) interviewing intervention relative to a psychoeducational (ED) intervention in terms of promoting increased readiness to quit smoking among smokers with severe mental illness who were not ready to quit. | 30 days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Smoking Knowledge | Changes in smoking knowledge obtained through cognitive behavioral therapy/motivational (MI) interviewing intervention relative to a psychoeducational (ED) intervention | 30 days | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Transtheoretical Model, Stages of Change, Nicotine Dependence, Severe Mental Illness