The Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Pain During Venous Cannulation

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) could reduce pain during cannulation of vein.

Detailed Description
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One hundred patients were allocated randomly to two groups: In the active TENS group TENS was delivered via two electrodes on the venous cannulation site (radial side of the wrist of dominant forearm) 20 min prior to venous cannulation and control group received placebo (no current) TENS. Venous cannulation with a 22 gage cannula was performed. During venous cannulation the pain intensity (0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain imaginable) was measured. Any side effects during study periods were recorded

Official Title
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The Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Pain During Venous Cannulation

Conditions
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Cannulation Pain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (Empi, USA)
* Procedure: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (Empi, USA)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: outpatients who underwent plastic surgery Exclusion Criteria: concomitant sedative or analgesic medication, neurological disease. all patients with potentially dangerous internal diseases (American Society of Anesthesiologists' physical status > 3).
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: active TENS group<br>Two electrodes were attached to the radial side of dominant forearm. In the active TENS group, TENS was delivered via two electrodes on the venous cannulation site | Procedure: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (Empi, USA)<br>* In the active TENS group, TENS at 80 pulsed currents per second (PPS) with a pulse duration of 200 μs were delivered for 20 minutes. Current amplitude was slowly increased until a level was reached that participants reported was the maximum level they could tolerate below pain threshold without noticeable muscle contraction and maintained this intensity.<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo group<br>Two electrodes were attached to the radial side of dominant forearm. In the placebo group the TENS device had no current output although the power on indicator light remained active. | Procedure: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (Empi, USA)<br>* In the placebo group the TENS device had no current output although the power on indicator light remained active.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on pain during venous cannulation | One hundred patients were allocated randomly to two groups: In the active TENS group TENS was delivered via two electrodes on the venous cannulation site (radial side of the wrist of dominant forearm) 20 min prior to venous cannulation and control group received placebo (no current) TENS. Venous cannulation with a 22 gage cannula was performed. One minute after venous cannulation the pain intensity (0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain imaginable) was measured. Any side effects during study periods were recorded | one minute after cannulation | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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pain, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation