Effectiveness of Breathing Exercises During the Second Stage of Labor

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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To determine effectiveness of breathing exercises for pregnant women during the second stage of labor on maternal pain, duration of labor, dyspnea, oxygen saturation (SPO2) and the first-minute Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration (APGAR) scores

Detailed Description
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This study is about to determine effectiveness of breathing exercises for pregnant women during the second stage of labor on maternal pain, duration of labor, dyspnea, oxygen saturation SPO2 and the first-minute Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration (APGAR) scores. Two sessions will be given to pregnant women in Intervention group. One session breathing exercises training will be given during first stage of labor by the investigator. During training all participants in Intervention group will be instructed to perform breathing exercises during the second stage of labor. The main components of breathing exercises during training will be as fellows (A) First, fill your stomach and then your lungs with air while breathing in; (B) Feel the expansion in the stomach; (C) Make sure the muscles from your stomach to your knee are relaxed, as if you are urinating while breathing out; (D) When there is pain, perform deep abdominal breathing exercises, and take a deep breath in and hold as much as you can; (E) Try to push the baby downward; (F) You can do it by holding your breath or breathing out quite slowly from your mouth; (G) The most important point in this stage is that you should not fill up the stomach with air, and you should push downward to deliver the baby; (H) You should continue the pushing until the pain is relieved. The participants will be observed during second stage of labor and their breathing will be monitored. During the second stage of labor maternal labor pain will be assessed by Visual Analogue Scale. Duration of second stage of labor will be counted by turning on the stop watch on the start of second stage and it will be stopped at the end when baby will be delivered. Dyspnea will be monitored by dyspnea scale after performing breathing exercises during second stage of labor. Oxygen saturation will be monitored by pulse oximeter during second stage of labor. APGAR score of newborn will be marked in 1st minute after the birth.

Official Title
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Effectiveness of Breathing Exercises During the Second Stage of Labor on Labor Pain and Duration

Conditions
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Labor Pain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Breathing exercises


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Pregnant females Gestational age ranging between 37 and 42 weeks Exclusion Criteria: Women using analgesics or anesthetics, Women with clinical instability Women with psychiatric disorders

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intervention Group<br>Two sessions will be given to pregnant women in Intervention group. One session breathing exercises training will be given during first stage of labor by the investigator. During training all participants in Intervention group will be instructed to perform breathing exercises during the second stage of labor. | Other: Breathing exercises<br>* The main components of breathing exercises during training will be as follows (A) First, fill your stomach and then your lungs with air while breathing in; (B) Feel the expansion in the stomach; (C) Make sure the muscles from your stomach to your knee are relaxed, as if you are urinating while breathing out; (D) When there is pain, perform deep abdominal breathing exercises, and take a deep breath in and hold as much as you can; (E) Try to push the baby downward; (F) You can do it by holding your breath or breathing out quite slowly from your mouth; (G) The most important point in this stage is that you should not fill up the stomach with air, and you should push downward to deliver the baby; (H) You should continue the pushing until the pain is relieved<br>|
| No Intervention: Control Group<br>Usual hospital delivery protocol will be followed. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Visual Analog scale | Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is a measurement instrument that tries to measure a characteristic or attitude that is believed to range across a continuum of values and cannot easily be directly measured. It is often used in epidemiologic and clinical research to measure the intensity or frequency of various symptoms. | 1 day (First Visit) | 
| Stop watch | A stopwatch is a handheld timepiece designed to measure the amount of time that elapses between its activation and deactivation. | 1 day (First Visit) | 
| DYSPNEA SCALE | Dyspnea Scale quantifies disability attributable to breathlessness, and is useful for characterizing baseline dyspnea in patients with respiratory diseases. | 1 day (First Visit) | 
| PULSE OXIMETER | Pulse oximeter is a noninvasive instrument for monitoring a person's oxygen saturation. | 1 day (First Visit) | 
| APGAR | Apgar stands for Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration. In the test, five things are used to check a baby's health. Each is scored on a scale of 0 to 2, with 2 being the best score | 1 day (First Visit) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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labor pain, Breathing Exercises, second stage of labor