The Effect of Different Education Methods Before Invasive Urodynamics

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Aim: This study was carried out to compare the effects of different education methods utilized before a urodynamic testing procedure on patients' pain, anxiety, readiness for the procedure, and satisfaction. Background: Urodynamic testing is an invasive procedure that causes pain and anxiety. Patient education is an evidence-based nursing intervention that relieves pain and anxiety and increases patient satisfaction. Design: The study is a single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial. Method: Participants (n=80) were randomly assigned to four groups. While patients in the control group were provided with routine clinical information, patients in the intervention group were given education with brochures, videos, and brochure-supported videos. The research data were collected by using a Data Collection Form with items about participants' descriptive characteristics, the State Anxiety Inventory, and the Visual Analog Scale.

Official Title
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The Effect of Different Education Methods Before Invasive Urodynamics on Patients' Anxiety, Pain, Readiness for the Procedure, and Satisfaction Levels: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Conditions
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Urologic Diseases, Urodynamics

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Patients in the Brochure Education Group
* Other: Patients in the Video Education Group
* Other: Patients in the Brochure-Supported Video Education Group
* Other: Control Group


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Older than 18 years of age, Had urodynamics for the first time, Had no communication problems, Volunteered to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria: Had major hearing, vision, and speech impairments, Used antidepressants, or anxiolytic drugs, Had an indwelling urinary catheter, Used any analgesic in the 24 hours before coming to the urodynamic laboratory

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Patients in the Brochure Education Group<br>Patients in the Brochure Education Group were given information about urodynamics in a room reserved for education, and the education brochure was introduced. Patients reviewed the brochure and at the end of the education, it was given to them. | Other: Patients in the Brochure Education Group<br>* Patients in the Brochure Education Group were given information about urodynamics in a room reserved for education, and the education brochure was introduced. Patients reviewed the brochure and at the end of the education, it was given to them.<br>|
| Experimental: Patients in the Video Education Group<br>Patients in the Video Education Group were informed about urodynamics in a room reserved for education. Patients watched the educational video on a computer. The urodynamics patient education video was shown to patients once during the session. They did not request to watch it again. | Other: Patients in the Video Education Group<br>* Patients in the Video Education Group were informed about urodynamics in a room reserved for education. Patients watched the educational video on a computer. The urodynamics patient education video was shown to patients once during the session. They did not request to watch it again.<br>|
| Experimental: Patients in the Brochure-Supported Video Education Group<br>Patients in the Brochure-Supported Video Education Group were given information about urodynamics in a room reserved for education, and the education brochure was introduced. They examined the brochure and watched the educational video on a computer. | Other: Patients in the Brochure-Supported Video Education Group<br>* Patients in the Brochure-Supported Video Education Group were given information about urodynamics in a room reserved for education, and the education brochure was introduced. They examined the brochure and watched the educational video on a computer.<br>|
| Other: Control Group<br>Patients in this group were given routine clinical information by the healthcare professional that would perform the urodynamics procedure. After patients were given verbal information, a written text containing the necessary preparations for urodynamics was given to them. The routine patient information text included adjustment to the appointment day and time, nutrition, mechanical bowel preparation, and medications necessary for the procedure. | Other: Control Group<br>* Patients in this group were given routine clinical information by the healthcare professional that would perform the urodynamics procedure. After patients were given verbal information, a written text containing the necessary preparations for urodynamics was given to them. The routine patient information text included adjustment to the appointment day and time, nutrition, mechanical bowel preparation, and medications necessary for the procedure.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from Anxiety | This is a questionnaire consisting of short statements developed by C.D. Spielberger et al. in 1970. The inventory, which consists of 20 items in total, is used to determine how an individual feels at a certain time and under certain conditions. Scores that can be obtained on the scale range between 20 and 80. A high score indicates a high level of anxiety, and a low score indicates a low level of anxiety (Spielberger, 1983). | baseline (before education), pre-urodynamics and immediately after urodynamics | 
| Change from Pain | This form, which has three sections, namely pre-education, post-education/pre-procedure, and post-procedure, includes the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and a recording table for some physiological parameters (blood pressure, pulse, respiration). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is a valid, reliable, and usable measurement tool for repeated measurements. The VAS has been used in many studies to evaluate readiness for the urodynamic procedure, satisfaction, pain, procedure-related expectation of pain, and willingness to have the procedure again if necessary (Shim, 2017; Warda, 2019; Öztürk, 2019). In this study, readiness for the procedure, satisfaction, procedure-related expectation of pain, and willingness to have the procedure again if necessary, which are among parameters that are thought to affect the subsequent health behaviors of patients, were evaluated by using the VAS. | baseline (before education), pre-urodynamics and immediately after urodynamics | 
| Change from Readiness for the Procedure | In this study, readiness for the procedure which are among parameters that are thought to affect the subsequent health behaviors of patients, were evaluated by using the VAS. | baseline(before education) and pre-urodynamics. | 
| Satisfaction management | This form, which has three sections, namely pre-education, post-education/pre-procedure, and post-procedure, includes the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and a recording table for some physiological parameters (blood pressure, pulse, respiration). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is a valid, reliable, and usable measurement tool for repeated measurements. The VAS has been used in many studies to evaluate readiness for the urodynamic procedure, satisfaction, pain, procedure-related expectation of pain, and willingness to have the procedure again if necessary (Shim, 2017; Warda, 2019; Öztürk, 2019). In this study, readiness for the procedure, satisfaction, procedure-related expectation of pain, and willingness to have the procedure again if necessary, which are among parameters that are thought to affect the subsequent health behaviors of patients, were evaluated by using the VAS. | immediately after urodynamics | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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anxiety, satisfaction, readiness, patient education, nursing, urodynamics, pain