Intervention of a Game About Radiotherapy for Children With Cancer

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Background: Radiotherapy (RT) can be stressful and challenging for children exposed to a highly technical environment with large radiation equipment and immobilization devices. A pedagogical digital game about RT has been developed. Children who have received RT participated in work-shops and contributed with their experiences and suggestions. Aim: To explore whether the intervention with a pedagogical digital game facilitate understanding, choice of distraction, creation of a sense of calmness and self-efficacy prior to and during RT and to describe the children's and the parents experiences and use of the game as a pedagogical tool. Further, to investigate feasibility in terms of reach, usability and acceptability. Method: A feasibility and prospective waiting list control design is planned by recruiting 60 children (5-14 years) and their parents, for randomization into two groups. The first group will receive the game five days before start of RT. All children will have standard information one day before RT. The second group will have access to the game three days after start of treatment. The effects of the game will be investigated before and during RT and between groups as they receive the game at different time. Children will answer questionnaires about self-assessed anxiety, understanding of the procedure, distraction strategies, self-efficacy to remain motionless. Statistical comparative and correlational analyses will be calculated. Interviews will be performed with 12 children and 24 parents. Changes and further development of the game will be implemented based on the results of the responses. Significance: The game can support children to undergo RT and be used nationally to prepare for RT. Thus all children receive similar information regardless of where they live, and contribute to increased knowledge, autonomy, reduce fear and anxiety. In the long term, the use of anesthesia could decrease for children.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Data Collection and procedure: Access to the game for children randomized to the first group: Four to six days before start of treatment. Questionnaires to all children: Questions about state and trait anxiety, and radiotherapy before the information meeting with the oncology nurse, one day before the start of treatment, at baseline. Questionnaire to parents: Questions about state and trait anxiety before the information meeting with the oncology nurse at baseline. Information meeting with all children and their parents: Information about radiotherapy by oncology nurse at baseline Questionnaires to all children: Questions about state anxiety and radiotherapy on treatment day one and three. Access to the game for children randomized to the second group: Day three after start of treatment. Questionnaire to all children: Questions about state anxiety on treatment day six and 15. Questionnaire to all children: Questions about the digital game one week after access to the game. Game logs: Collection of game logs one week after the intervention. Interview of 12 children and 24 parents: Within four weeks after end of treatment. Power: A power of 0.80, an alpha value of 0.05 and a size-effect of 0.5 provided an estimation of 26 participants in each group. Thirty participants are planned in case of dropouts. Data analysis: Comparative and correlational statistical analyses.

Official Title
-----------------
Evaluation of an Intervention by a Pedagogical Digital Game About Radiotherapy for Children With Cancer

Conditions
-----------------
Anxiety State

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Procedure: Game about radiotherapy


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Children aged 5-14 years old who are going to have radiotherapy at the Skandion Clinic, Uppsala with or without sedation/anesthesia, understand and can speak Swedish and have access to a computer. Exclusion Criteria: Severe cognitive impairment and too seriously ill to be able to answer questions.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 5 Years
Maximum Age: 15 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: A non-blinded randomized waiting list control study
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Game before RT start<br>Intervention of a digital game five days before start of RadioTherapy | Procedure: Game about radiotherapy<br>* A digital pedagogical game about radiotherapy<br>|
| Experimental: Game after RT start<br>Intervention of a digital game three days after start of RadioTherapy | Procedure: Game about radiotherapy<br>* A digital pedagogical game about radiotherapy<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Children's State anxiety, change is being assessed | From the questionnaire STAI-C1 | Baseline and on treatment day three, six and 15 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Children's Trait anxiety | From the questionnaire STAI-C2 | Baseline | 
| Children's self-efficacy to remain motionless, change is being assessed | From a questionnaire made for the study | Baseline and on treatment day three | 
| Children's perception of the digital game about radiotherapy: usability and engagement | From the questionnaire PENS | One week after the intervention | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Children, cancer, psychosocial support, serious game