Evaluating for a Correlation Between Osteopathic Examination and Ultrasonography on Thoracic Spine Asymmetry

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Context: Thoracic spine is a common area of focus in osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) for a variety of conditions. Thoracic spine somatic dysfunction diagnosis is achieved by palpating for asymmetry at the tips of the transverse processes. Previous studies reveal that, instead of following the rule of threes, the transverse processes of a given thoracic vertebra generally align with the spinous process of the vertebra above. Ultrasonography has been widely used as a diagnostic tool to monitor musculoskeletal conditions. Ultrasound has the advantage of absence of radiation, and has shown comparable results to gold standard modalities like MRI in some areas of the spine. In the case of thoracic somatic dysfunction, ultrasound can be used to determine the location of each vertebral transverse process and its relationship with the spinous process. Previous studies have investigated the correlation between osteopathic manipulative medicine and ultrasonography of the cervical, lumbar, and sacral regions. However, no study has yet compared osteopathic structural examination with ultrasonographic examination of the thoracic vertebral region. Objective: To determine whether there is a dependable correlation of osteopathic palpatory findings of the thoracic transverse processes with the measurements of ultrasonography. Methods: Subjects were student volunteers recruited from the Midwestern University - Glendale campus. A non-toxic, non-permanent marker was used to mark bony landmarks on the skin to be used by the osteopathic examiners. Two osteopathic physicians (OMM1, OMM2) separately performed structural exams by palpating T2-T5 transverse processes to determine vertebral rotation. Two trained sonographers (US1, US2) separately scanned and measured the distance from the tip of the spinous process to the adjacent transverse processes of the vertebral segment below. Demographic variables were summarized with mean and standard deviation. Interexaminer reliability was assessed with percent agreement, Cohen's Kappa, and Fleiss' Kappa. Recruitment and protocols were approved by the MWU Institutional Review Board.

Official Title
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Evaluating for a Correlation Between Osteopathic Examination and Ultrasonography on Thoracic Spine Asymmetry

Conditions
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Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment, Ultrasonography

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Ultrasonography vs Osteopathic manipulative medicine structural exam


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: First- and Second-year osteopathic medical students who received an email notification Masters program students who received an email notification Exclusion Criteria: - A history of or currently diagnosed with scoliosis, spondylosis, spondylolisthesis, herniated disc, spinal fracture, or surgery to the spine

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 99 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Diagnostic Test: Ultrasonography vs Osteopathic manipulative medicine structural exam|Structural examination of the thoracic spine using ultrasound and osteopathic palpatory examination on skin.|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Interexaminer reliability | We looked at the interexaminer reliability between ultrasound and osteopathic structural exam of the thoracic spine. | Through study completion, which was an average of about 1 year |