Acute Effects of Fitness Drink Formulas on Energy Expenditure and Fat Metabolism

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute effects of consuming two different fitness drink formulas on the physiological response at rest and to exercise in healthy men and women.

Detailed Description
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Thermogenic fitness drinks containing  200mg of caffeine have been reported to accelerate the metabolism, increase energy, and consequently promote increased fat oxidation. However, determination of the efficacy of lower caffeine concentrations may provide additional options for individuals with preferences for reduced caffeine intake. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate different fitness drink formulas containing a total of 100mg and 140mg of caffeine on the physiological response at rest and to exercise. This study utilized a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. All participants completed three testing visits during which they consumed the placebo, the 100mg caffeine formula, and the 140mg caffeine formula. Blood samples, blood pressure, heart rate, resting energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and neurocognitive assessments were collected at baseline and repeated 30, 60, and 90 minutes post-ingestion. Immediately following the last cognitive assessment, a maximal graded exercise test with gas analysis was conducted on a cycle ergometer to evaluate physical performance and maximal fat oxidation during exercise as well as the physiological response prior to and following exercise.

Official Title
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The Acute Effects of Fitness Drink Formulas Containing 100 mg and 140 mg of Caffeine on Energy Expenditure and Fat Metabolism in Healthy Adults

Conditions
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Fatigue, Caffeine, Diet, Healthy, Fat Burn, Cognitive Change

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Fitness Drink Formula


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Young adult men and women between the ages of 18 and 35 years old. Participant is deemed by the investigator to be healthy and free of any physical limitations determined by physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q+) and medical and activity history questionnaire (MHQ). Participants will be required to be recreationally-active (defined according to American College of Sports Medicine standards of at least 150 minutes exercise per week and verified by information provided in the MHQ). Participant is willing to abstain from dietary supplementation throughout the duration of the study as indicated in the Informed Consent. Participant understands the study procedures and signs forms providing informed consent to participate in the study. Exclusion Criteria: Inability to perform physical exercise, as determined by the PAR-Q+. Any Yes response in the PAR-Q+. History of hypertension, metabolic, hepatorenal, musculoskeletal, autoimmune or neurological disease, as determined by the MHQ. Regular consumption of greater than 250 mg per day of caffeine Currently taking thyroid, antihyperlipidemic, hypoglycemic, anti-hypertensive or androgenic medications. Taking any other nutritional supplement or performance-enhancing drug (determined from MHQ) that may interfere with the outcome variables of the study. Pregnancy (determined from MHQ).

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: 100mg Caffeine Formula<br>10kcal drink containing a total of 100 mg of caffeine from a proprietary blend of caffeine, guarana, ginger, and green tea extract containing epigallocatechin gallate | Dietary Supplement: Fitness Drink Formula<br>* Single drink provided following baseline assessments<br>|
| Experimental: 140mg Caffeine Formula<br>10kcal drink containing a total of 140 mg of caffeine from a proprietary blend of caffeine, guarana, ginger, and green tea extract containing epigallocatechin gallate | Dietary Supplement: Fitness Drink Formula<br>* Single drink provided following baseline assessments<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo Formula<br>non-caloric/non-caffeinated drink | Dietary Supplement: Fitness Drink Formula<br>* Single drink provided following baseline assessments<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in resting energy expenditure/substrate oxidation | Estimates from gas exchange analysis via indirect calorimetry | Baseline, 30, 60, and 90 min post-ingestion | 
| Change in energy expenditure/substrate oxidation in response to exercise | Estimates from gas exchange analysis via indirect calorimetry | >90 min post-ingestion (pre/peri/post maximal graded exercise test) | 
| Change in resting serum glycerol | Obtained from blood draw of the superficial forearm vein | Baseline, 30, 60, and 90 min post-ingestion | 
| Change in oxygen consumption/carbon dioxide production in response to exercise | Estimates from gas exchange analysis via indirect calorimetry | >90 min post-ingestion (pre/peri/post maximal graded exercise test) | 
| Change in resting minute ventilation | Estimates from gas exchange analysis via indirect calorimetry | Baseline, 30, 60, and 90 min post-ingestion | 
| Change in minute ventilation in response to exercise | Estimates from gas exchange analysis via indirect calorimetry | >90 min post-ingestion (pre/peri/post maximal graded exercise test) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) screening | Measures from mood scale, go/no go test, Stroop test | Baseline, 30, 60, and 90 min post-ingestion | 
| Change in resting blood pressure response | Measured via automated blood pressure monitor | Baseline, 30, 60, and 90 min post-ingestion | 
| Change in resting heart rate/heart rate variability | Measured via chest-based heart rate monitor | Baseline, 30, 60, and 90 min post-ingestion | 
| Change in heart rate/heart rate variability in response to exercise | Measured via chest-based heart rate monitor | >90 min post-ingestion (pre/peri/post maximal graded exercise test) | 
| Change in power output | Obtained via cycle ergometer during the maximal graded exercise test | >90 min post-ingestion |