Long-term Effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on the Cardiovascular System: CV COVID-19 Registry

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Patients presenting with the coronavirus-2019 disease (COVID-19) have a very high risk of cardiovascular adverse events, including death from cardiovascular causes. Unfortunately, there are no reliable statistics on the frequency and severity of these complications during the index hospitalization. Moreover, the long-term cardiovascular outcomes of these patients are entirely unknown. The investigators aim to perform a registry of patients who have undergone a diagnostic nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 and determine their long-term cardiovascular outcomes.

Detailed Description
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has posed a significant threat to global health. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as a functional receptor for coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 infection is triggered by the binding of the virus spike protein to ACE2, which is highly expressed in the heart and lungs. There are multiple connections between COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. First, COVID-19 patients and pre-existing cardiovascular disease are at increased risk for serious adverse events. Second, the infection has been associated with multiple direct and indirect cardiovascular complications, such as acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, arrhythmias, and thromboembolism. Third, the therapies under investigation for COVID-19 may have cardiovascular side effects. There is clear scientific evidence linking COVID-19 with cardiac damage, with a subsequent impact on mortality from any cause. The reasons for increased mortality in patients with COVID-19 and heart damage are not fully understood. The long-term prognosis for patients who have had COVID-19 is entirely unknown. Previous experience with SARS-CoV suggests that both the underlying disease and its treatment could be associated with a worse cardiovascular prognosis. In a study of 25 survivors of SARS-CoV, at 12 years of follow-up, altered lipid metabolism was found. Similarly, viral diseases such as influenza A are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality after infection. For the reasons stated above, the investigators consider that patients who presented COVID-19 have a high risk of long-term cardiovascular adverse events such as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. To test this hypothesis, the investigators aimed to perform a registry of patients who have undergone a diagnostic nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 and determine their long-term cardiovascular outcomes.

Official Title
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Long-term Effects of Coronavirus 2019 Disease on the Cardiovascular System in Patients Who Have Undergone a Diagnostic Nasopharyngeal Swab for SARS-CoV-2. CV COVID-19 Registry

Conditions
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Sars-CoV2, Covid19, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Risk Factor

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: ≥ 18 years Exclusion Criteria: None

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| SARS-CoV2/Covid-19 (cases)<br>Patients with detectable real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV2/Covid-19. | |
| No SARS-CoV2/Covid-19 (controls)<br>Patients with undetectable real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV2/Covid-19. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cardiovascular mortality | Cardiovascular mortality is defined according to the Academic Research Consortium-2 and will be independently adjudicated by a Clinical Events Committee. | 1-year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Acute myocardial infarction | Acute myocardial infarction is defined according to the Academic Research Consortium-2. | 1-year | 
| Stroke | Stroke is defined according to the Academic Research Consortium-2. | 1-year | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Sars-CoV2, Covid19, Cardiovascular death, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Risk Factor