Evaluation of Visual - Motor Development in Children With Retinopathy of Prematurity

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study was to investigate the eye structure, visual impairment, visual motor development and motor coordination of children between 2-6 ages that had applied to diod laser photocoagulation and intravitreal anti - vascular endothelial growth factor treatment.

Detailed Description
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There are three different groups in this study. Children between 2-6 ages that had applied to diod laser photocoagulation and intravitreal anti - vascular endothelial growth factor treatment will have evaluated with Snellen Test, Titmus Fly Test, Optical Kohlerans Tomography, Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration, Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-II, World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF and State - Trait Anxiety Inventory.

Official Title
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Evaluation of Visual - Motor Integration and Motor Coordination in Children With Retinopathy of Prematurity

Conditions
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Premature Retinopathy, Visual Impairment, Motor Delay

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Snellen Test
* Diagnostic Test: Autorefractometer
* Diagnostic Test: Titmus Stereo Fly Test
* Diagnostic Test: Optical Kohlerans Tomography
* Behavioral: Investigation of Visual Motor Integration
* Behavioral: Peabody Developmental Motor Scales - II
* Behavioral: World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF
* Behavioral: State - Trait Anxiety Inventory


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age range between 2-6 years of age Gestational age range 26-34. be between weeks To be diagnosed with retinopathy of prematurity Neurological, hereditary and not having metabolic disease Compliance with visual examinations and physiotherapy evaluations To be children and parents who agree to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria: To be a child who does not comply with Optical Kohlerans Tomography (OCT) Not participating in one or more of the eye examination or physiotherapy assessments Being children and parents who do not agree to participate in the study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 2 Years
Maximum Age: 6 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Laser Group<br>Children with premature retinopathy treated with Laser therapy. All cases are evaluated with Snellen Test, Autorefractometer, Titmus Stereo Fly Test, Optical Kohlerans Tomography, Peabody Developmental Motor Scales - II. Investigation of Visual Motor Integration will evaluate with Beery- Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration and Peabody. Parents are evaluated World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF and State - Trait Anxiety Inventory. | Diagnostic Test: Snellen Test<br>* Visual acuity measurement<br>Diagnostic Test: Autorefractometer<br>* Refraction measurement<br>Diagnostic Test: Titmus Stereo Fly Test<br>* Stereopsis measurement<br>Diagnostic Test: Optical Kohlerans Tomography<br>* Retinal development measurement<br>Behavioral: Investigation of Visual Motor Integration<br>* Investigation of visual motor integration, motor coordination and visual perception by Beery- Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration.<br>Behavioral: Peabody Developmental Motor Scales - II<br>* Evaluation of motor development<br>Behavioral: World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF<br>* Assesment of quality of life<br>Behavioral: State - Trait Anxiety Inventory<br>* Assesment of anxiety<br>|
| Anti-VEGF Group<br>Children with premature retinopathy treated with anti-VEGF therapy. All cases are evaluated with Snellen Test, Autorefractometer, Titmus Stereo Fly Test, Optical Kohlerans Tomography, Peabody Developmental Motor Scales - II. Investigation of Visual Motor Integration will evaluate with Beery- Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration and Peabody. Parents are evaluated World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF and State - Trait Anxiety Inventory. | Diagnostic Test: Snellen Test<br>* Visual acuity measurement<br>Diagnostic Test: Autorefractometer<br>* Refraction measurement<br>Diagnostic Test: Titmus Stereo Fly Test<br>* Stereopsis measurement<br>Diagnostic Test: Optical Kohlerans Tomography<br>* Retinal development measurement<br>Behavioral: Investigation of Visual Motor Integration<br>* Investigation of visual motor integration, motor coordination and visual perception by Beery- Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration.<br>Behavioral: Peabody Developmental Motor Scales - II<br>* Evaluation of motor development<br>Behavioral: World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF<br>* Assesment of quality of life<br>Behavioral: State - Trait Anxiety Inventory<br>* Assesment of anxiety<br>|
| Regrese Group<br>Children with premature retinopathy haven't applied any invasive treatment method. All cases are evaluated with Snellen Test, Autorefractometer, Titmus Stereo Fly Test, Optical Kohlerans Tomography, Peabody Developmental Motor Scales - II. Investigation of Visual Motor Integration will evaluate with Beery- Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration and Peabody. Parents are evaluated World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF and State - Trait Anxiety Inventory. | Diagnostic Test: Snellen Test<br>* Visual acuity measurement<br>Diagnostic Test: Autorefractometer<br>* Refraction measurement<br>Diagnostic Test: Titmus Stereo Fly Test<br>* Stereopsis measurement<br>Diagnostic Test: Optical Kohlerans Tomography<br>* Retinal development measurement<br>Behavioral: Investigation of Visual Motor Integration<br>* Investigation of visual motor integration, motor coordination and visual perception by Beery- Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration.<br>Behavioral: Peabody Developmental Motor Scales - II<br>* Evaluation of motor development<br>Behavioral: World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF<br>* Assesment of quality of life<br>Behavioral: State - Trait Anxiety Inventory<br>* Assesment of anxiety<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Visual Motor Integration | Visual-motor integration (VMI) is the degree to which visual perception and finger-hand movements are well coordinated and will asses with Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration in this study. This test is a standardized, norm-referenced assessment involving copying geometric forms that is used to determine the level of integration between visual and motor systems in people of all ages. The Short Format and Full Format tests take about 10-15 minutes each to administer. Results are reported as standard scores, percentiles, and age equivalents. | 3 weeks | 
| Visual Perception | Visual perception will asses with Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration in this study. This test is a standardized, norm-referenced assessment involving copying geometric forms that is used to determine the level of integration between visual and motor systems in people of all ages. Visual Perception test takes about 5 minutes. Results are reported as standard scores, percentiles, and age equivalents. | 3 weeks | 
| Motor Coordination | Motor Coordination is coordination of finger movements and will asses by Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration in this study. This test is a standardized, norm-referenced assessment involving copying geometric forms that is used to determine the level of integration between visual and motor systems in people of all ages. Motor coordination test takes about 5 minutes. Results are reported as standard scores, percentiles, and age equivalents. | 3 weeks | 
| Retinal Layers' Development | Development of retinal layers will assess with Optical coherence tomography (OCT). The OCT allows for in vivo, cross-sectional assessment of eye tissue, including the retina and its vasculature. By comparing the interference patterns of light that passes through live tissue to a reference arm, OCT provides high-resolution imaging of just a few microns of eye microanatomy. | 3 weeks |