Occlusal Bite Force Changes After Placement of Stainless Steel Crowns in Children

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study was to determine if restoring primary molars with SSCs would improve children's OBF.

Detailed Description
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Occlusal bite force (OBF) is an indicator of the functional status of the masticatory system. The level of maximum occlusal bite force (MOBF) results from the combined action of the jaw elevator muscles modified by jaw biomechanics and reflex mechanisms. The measurement of OBF has been widely used in dentistry to provide useful data for the evaluation of jaw muscle function and activity as well as effectiveness of prosthetic therapy. Many indicators have been believed to assess the functional status of the masticatory system, such as body size, bite force, number of functional tooth units, and the occlusal contact area. Dental status formed with dental fillings, dentures, position and the number of teeth is an important factor in the value of the OBF. Many studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of dental caries on OBF. Tsai et al. found a negative correlation between MOBF and the number of decayed teeth. Su et al. reported that the overall tooth decay was not related to the strength of OBF. They suggested that the severity of tooth decay may be more important than the number of teeth exhibiting decay. Stainless Steel Crowns (SSCs) are considered the treatment of choice for severely decayed but restorable primary molars. A recent systematic review by Seale and Randall confirmed their previous work and reviews and appeared to continue to be supportive and in favor of SSCs. SSCs has been blamed for premature contact related discomfort in the first few weeks after placement of SSCs. Zee and Amerongen reported that premature contacting SSC restored teeth will equilibrate over time and return to pretreatment levels in 15 to 30 days. Several opinions have been reported by parents, children and dentists regarding the improved mastication efficiency after placement of the SSCs. However, the effects of SSCs placement on primary molars on OBF have not yet been investigated

Official Title
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Changes in Occlusal Bite Force Following Placement of Stainless Steel Crowns on Primary Molars in Children

Conditions
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Dental Caries

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Stainless Steel Crowns


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria:- Caucasian Healthy child In the primary dentition stage Class I occlusion No facial asymmetry No cross bite Have caries in the eight primary molars indicating placement of SSCs, with no reported pain on biting and no previous restorations No gingival inflammation No para functional habits Exclusion Criteria: did not meet the inclusion criteria stated above -

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 4 Years
Maximum Age: 6 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Stainless Steel Crown Arm<br>Children with SSCs placed and followed longitudinal. Consent was obtained from all parents and verbal assent was obtained. The following data was collected: Demographic Data of the Children, clinical examination, radiographs, treatment planning, details of stainless steel crowns placement, OBF measurements were made before the SSC placement and periodically post placement | Device: Stainless Steel Crowns<br>* SSCs were placed on children's primary molars, and bite force was registered prior to the study, and periodically after the study.<br>* Other names: SSCs;|
| No Intervention: Control Arm<br>A second group consisted of twenty-two children (11 females and 11 males; a mean age of 5.20 ± 0.36 years) were selected to act as a control sample and received no dental treatment. MOBF was recorded in these subjects at T0 and T5 (6 months after). | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Maximum Occlusal Bite Force (MOBF) | Occlusal Bite Force will be measured in Newton | Six Months post placement |