Breathing Exercises and Adhesive Capsulitis

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of abdominal breathing exercises on pain, sleep quality and quality of life with adhesive capsulitis patients. The 41 adhesive capsulitis patients, 29 women and 12 men aged between 40-65 years, had divided into two groups by simple random sampling. In the study group, abdominal breathing exercise training was applied to routine physiotherapy program, in the control group routine physiotherapy program was applied for 8 weeks. Individuals were assessed for lung function test, range of motion, pain, sleep quality and quality of life. First assesment were performed at the beginning of treatment, 2nd assesment were performed at the end of 8 th week.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Pain in the early stages of adhesive capsulitis leads to many symptoms such as sleeping problems. Breathing exercises also began to take place among the applications towards pain. Abdominal respiration is considered the easiest method to reveal relaxation response. Slow breathing increases parasympathetic activity in the body and reduces sympathetic activity. This is the first and fundamental step of real healing. The reduction of pro-inflammatory markers with respiratory exercises suggests that respiratory exercises are effective in inflammation. On study group; Hotpack was applied for 15 minutes and TENS was applied for 15 minutes and ultrasonics for 5 minutes. Then, scapular mobilization and passive stretching exercises were applied in 10 sets of 3 sets (flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation) to increase joint range of motion by physiotherapist. Then abdominal respiratory exercise training was given 3 times a week as 30 sets of 3 times a week and patients were treated for 8 weeks. For the control group; Hotpack was applied for 15 min and TENS was applied for 15 min and ultrasonics for 5 min. Then scapular mobilization and passive stretching exercises were applied for 8 weeks in 10 sets of 3 sets (flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation) to increase joint range of motion by physiotherapist.

Official Title
-----------------
The Effect of Abdominal Breathing Exercises on Pain, Sleep and Quality of Life in Patients With Adhesive Capsulitis

Conditions
-----------------
Adhesive Capsulitis

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Abdominal breathing exercise


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Those who have received an adhesive capsulitis diagnosis, Those in the age range 40-65 Exclusion Criteria: Those who take medicine for pain, Those with a primary sleep problem, Those with respiratory system disease, Those with cognitive problems, Non-volunteer

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 40 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Study Group<br>Hotpack was applied for 15 min and TENS was applied for 15 min and ultrasonics for 5 min. Then scapular mobilization and passive stretching exercises were applied in 10 sets of 3 sets (flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation) to increase joint range of motion by physiotherapist. Then, abdominal breathing exercise training was given 3 times a week as 30 sets of 3 sets a week and the patients were treated for 8 weeks | Other: Abdominal breathing exercise<br>* Deep Breathing Exercise<br>|
| No Intervention: Control Group<br>Hotpack was applied for 15 min and TENS was applied for 15 min and ultrasonics for 5 min. Then scapular mobilization and passive stretching exercises were applied for 8 weeks in 10 sets of 3 sets (flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation) to increase joint range of motion. | |

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pain | Visual Analog Scale-Min.score:0 Max.score:10.0 means no pain, 10 means unbearable pain. | Change from Baseline Pain at 8 weeks | 
| Pain | Shoulder Pain and Disability Index: It consists of 2 subtitles.First subtitle is pain, has 5 items. first subtitle: Min:0-Max:100. 0 means no pain in functional activities, and 100 means irresistible pain. Second subtitle is disability,has 8 items. Min. score is 0, Max score is 100. 0 means no disability in functional activities, 100 means disabile in functional activities. Total score changes 0-100. 0 shows best score, 100 shows worst score. | Change from Baseline Pain at 8 weeks | 
| Sleep Quality | Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-Min.score:0 Max.score:21. High total score indicates poor sleep quality. | Change from Baseline Sleep Quality at 8 weeks | 
| Sleep Quality | Epworth Sleepiness Scale.Min:0-Max:24.0 indicates no sleepiness, and 24 indicates max daytime sleepiness. | Change from Baseline Sleep Quality at 8 weeks | 
| Quality of Life | SF-36:It consists of 36 items in total. It consists of 8 subtitles. (3 items), Energy (4 items), Mental Health (5 items), Social Function (2 items), Pain (2 items), General (10 items), Physical Role Strength Health Scale (8 items). The lower scales measure the health between 0 and 100, and 0 refers to the poor health status and 100 to the good health status. | Change from Baseline Quality of Life at 8 weeks | 
| Lung Function Test | Lung Function Test | Change from Baseline Lung Function at 8 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Range of Motion | Universal Goniometer | Change from Baseline Range of Motion at 8 weeks | 
| Muscle Strength | Manuel Muscle Strength Test | Change from Baseline Muscle Strength at 8 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Adhesive Capsulitis, Breathing exercises, Pain, Sleep quality, Quality of life