Mindful Coloring to Reduce Nurses' Stress

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether nurses who did mindful coloring for at least five working days during a 10-day period experienced stress reduction afterwards.

Detailed Description
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Enrolled participants who met inclusion criteria (full-time clinical nurses working for at least five days during a specified 10-day period) were randomized in 1:1 ratio to the coloring or control groups. A third party did the allocation sequence and concealment. After giving informed consent, participants completed the baseline questionnaire and the coloring group watched an instructional video on mindful coloring. The coloring group were asked to color for any length of time on at least five working days during a 10-day period (period A) while the control group were asked to do it on a subsequent 10-day (period B). The post-intervention questionnaire was completed by both groups at the end of period A. The study was completed after period B.

Official Title
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Coloring as a Brief Mindfulness-based Intervention for Stress Reduction Among Nurses

Conditions
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Stress (Psychology), Burn Out (Psychology)

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Coloring as a brief mindfulness-based intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Full time clinical nurses working under the Hospital Authority who would be working for at least 5 days during a specified 10-day study period. Exclusion Criteria: -
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Participants were allocated into the experimental and wait-list control groups. The experimental group colored for at least 5 days during a 10-day period while the control group did not.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Coloring<br>This group did mindful coloring for at least 5 days or at least 100 minutes in total during a 10-day period | Behavioral: Coloring as a brief mindfulness-based intervention<br>* Participants watched an instructional video on mindful coloring at the beginning of the intervention and colored mindfully for at least 5 days or 100 minutes in total during a 10-day period. The intervention included a coloring booklet that contained mandala patterns for coloring.<br>|
| No Intervention: Wait-list control<br>This group did not do mindful coloring at all during a 10-day period. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in perceived stress | Scores of 0-40 measured by the Perceived Stress Scale. A positive outcome is indicated by a lower post-intervention score. | Time point 1: pre-intervention. Time point 2: post-intervention (10 days) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in mental well-being | Scores of 7-35 measured by the short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale. A positive outcome is indicated by a higher post-intervention score. | Time point 1: pre-intervention. Time point 2: post-intervention (10 days) | 
| Change in burnout | Three subscales (each with a separate score) assessing three facets of burnout including Emotional Exhaustion (scores 0-54), Depersonalisation (scores 0-30) and Personal Accomplishment (scores 0-48) measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey for medical personnel. Burnout is represented by a combination of high emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores, together with a low personal accomplishment score. Positive outcomes are indicated by a lower score in Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalisation, and a higher score in Personal Accomplishment. | Time point 1: pre-intervention. Time point 2: post-intervention (10 days) | 
| Change in trait mindfulness | Scores of 24-120 measured by the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire - short form. A positive outcome is indicated by a higher post-intervention score. | Time point 1: pre-intervention. Time point 2: post-intervention (10 days) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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nurses, coloring, brief mindfulness-based intervention, mental well-being, mindfulness