Comparative Effectiveness of Financial Incentives and Nudges to Reduce Cellphone Use While Driving Among UBI Auto Policy Holders

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The investigators are proposing an experiment to help a national auto insurance company test behavioral economic strategies to reduce the amount of time policy holders actively use their cell phone while driving. Interventions include financial incentives, social comparison, and nudges, and survey data will also be collected. Data collected from this internal trial will be shared with the Penn research team and analyzed

Official Title
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Comparative Effectiveness of Financial Incentives and Smartphone-based Nudges to Reduce Cellphone Use While Driving Among Auto Insurance Policy Holders With Usage Based Insurance Policies

Conditions
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Automobile Accident

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Weekly feedback
* Behavioral: End of intervention period incentive
* Behavioral: Loss-framed weekly incentive


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Progressive Snapshot Users with policy activated within recruitment period Progressive Snapshot policy holder in one of the following states and regions: MI, PA, TX, FL, TN, OR, GA, NE, OK, OH, MT, MO, NV, CT, WI, MD, KY, MN, NH, NJ, AZ, ME, LA, SC, CO, MS, IN, IA, AL, ND, UT, RI, WV, WY, IL, AR, DE, KS, SD, NM, VT, ID, and the District of Columbia Has an email address Exclusion Criteria: Progressive Snapshot Mobile App not updated to enable push notifications Customer's residential address is in a state in which phone use while driving is factored into insurance rating Customer's Snapshot Mobile App does not collect trip data with all sensors active Customer in Snapshot program for < 30 days or more > 70 days

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 16 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Control (monitor only)<br>Continue in monitoring only mode | |
| Experimental: Social comparison feedback<br>Report user's handheld phone use/ hour of driving for week. Compare this week's performance to distribution for driver cohort. | Behavioral: Weekly feedback<br>* Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week.<br>|
| Experimental: End of rating period incentive<br>Monitor throughout intervention period and compare overall use to distribution for cohort. Notify participant at end of intervention period regarding the amount they have earned. | Behavioral: End of intervention period incentive<br>* Notify participant about potential incentive at the end of the intervention period, but do not provide weekly feedback about performance.<br>|
| Experimental: End of rating period incentive + social comparison feedback<br>Monitor throughout intervention period and compare weekly phone use to driver cohort distribution. Send weekly push notification to provide feedback. Notify participant at end of intervention period regarding the amount they have earned. | Behavioral: Weekly feedback<br>* Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week.<br>Behavioral: End of intervention period incentive<br>* Notify participant about potential incentive at the end of the intervention period, but do not provide weekly feedback about performance.<br>|
| Experimental: Weekly loss-framed incentive + social comparison feedback<br>Monitor throughout intervention period and compare weekly phone use to driver cohort distribution. Send weekly push notification to provide feedback. Notify participant weekly regarding the amount they have earned. | Behavioral: Weekly feedback<br>* Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week.<br>Behavioral: Loss-framed weekly incentive<br>* Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week. Pay participant weekly according to where they fall on the distribution each week.<br>|
| Experimental: Larger weekly loss-framed incentive+social comparison feedback<br>Monitor throughout intervention period and compare weekly phone use to driver cohort distribution. Send weekly push notification to provide feedback. Notify participant weekly regarding the amount they have earned. Incentive amount is higher than Weekly loss-framed incentive + social comparison feedback Arm. | Behavioral: Weekly feedback<br>* Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week.<br>Behavioral: Loss-framed weekly incentive<br>* Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week. Pay participant weekly according to where they fall on the distribution each week.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Seconds of active phone use per hour of driving | Percentage of driving time engaging in active handheld phone use (also measured as seconds of distracted driving/hour of driving) | 150 days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Seconds of passive phone use per hour of driving | Seconds of passive handheld, non-call use per hour of driving | 150 days | 
| Hard breaking events per 100 miles | notifications turned off, drop out of study, app uninstall | 150 days | 
| Hard acceleration events per 100 miles | Hard acceleration events per 100 miles | 150 days | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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distracted driving automobile, behavioral economics, usage-based insurance, auto insurance, automobile, smartphone application