The Extension of HAPO Follow-up Study

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) escalate remarkably worldwide and obesity becomes an epidemic disease. This study is interested in how the model of Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD) influence individual's health status as they reach young adulthood. Since the mothers from HAPO study have not been subjected to antenatal treatment on the various degree of maternal hyperglycaemia in pregnancy, this would be an unique cohort that allows determination of the effect of various degree of maternal hyperglycaemia below the level of overt DM, on children's cardiometabolic risk in Chinese population.

Detailed Description
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The investigators recruited 1760 Chinese pregnant women between 2000 and 2005. The HAPO study investigated whether any adverse outcome was associated with mild degree of GDM. All mothers underwent a 75-gram OGTT at 24-32 weeks gestation, but clinicians were blinded to the results as long as the fasting PG was ≤ 5.8 mmol/L & 2-hour PG ≤ 11.1 mmol/L. The maternal serum C-peptide and HbA1c, cord serum C-peptide and early neonatal PG, pregnancy outcome and the neonatal anthropometric parameters are available for future study. This is so far the largest cohort in a Chinese population who has been investigated for glycaemia during pregnancy, but with OGTT results remained undisclosed to subjects and clinicians. This unique cohort can allow us to study the effect of in-utero hyperglycemia on the cardiometabolic risks at childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Eligible subjects are all mother-child pairs participating in the original HAPO study. Children born preterm before 37 weeks of gestation, non-Chinese and whose mother's OGTT result were unblinded during pregnancy will be excluded.The family (the child and the mother) will be invited for a third follow-up assessment.

Official Title
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The Effect of in Utero Hyperglycaemia, Maternal Overnutrition and Interaction With Postnatal Lifestyle on Cardiometabolic Risk at Young Adulthood - Extension of HAPO Follow-up Study

Conditions
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Hyperglycemia, Pregnancy, Overnutrition, Maternal Obesity During Childbirth, Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Diseases, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy, Hypertension

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Mother-child pairs who had been assessed in HAPO follow-up study at either 7 years or 11-14 years old Exclusion Criteria: Children born preterm before 37 weeks of gestation Non-Chinese Mothers' OGTT results were unblinded during pregnancy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 16 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Mother<br>Chinese mother in Hong Kong who had been assessed in HAPO follow-up study when their children was at either 7 or 11-14 years of age | |
| 18 years old child of the enrolled mother<br>Children who had been assessed in HAPO follow-up study at either 7 or 11-14 years of age | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Rate of DM in the young adult offspring | Study specimens would be collected to identify the rate of DM in young adult offspring. | At a time around 18 years of age | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Rate of impaired glucose regulation, obesity and adiposity, hypertension and various insulin indices | Study specimens would be collected to identify the percentage of impaired glucose regulation, obesity and adiposity, hypertension and various insulin indices in young adult offspring. | At a time around 18 years of age | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Hyperglycemia, Pregnancy, Overnutrition, Maternal Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Diseases, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Young Adulthood