Resistance of Helicobacter Pylori to Antibiotics in Children

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Helicobacter Pylori (HP) is one of the most common pathogens in humans. This infection can present in children with abdominal pain, vomiting and iron deficiency. The treatment is usually empiric and includes antibiotic treatment usually Amoxycillin and Clarithromycin or Metronidazole. Between 40 to 70 % of the pathogens are resistant to those drugs, and it is important to characterize the specific sensitivity of the pathogens in any specific area and in pediatric population. The aims of this study is to assess the sensitivity of HP in pediatric population in Northern Israel.

Detailed Description
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The aim of our prospective study is to investigate the rate of H pylori resistant strains to antibiotic treatment including Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin, Metronidazole, Tetracycline and Quinolones in pediatric population in Ha-Emek medical center, Afula. The second aim was to determine if in vitro resistance is being reflected in vivo too. Should the investigators find high rates of H pylori resistance to Clarithromycin, the investigators will have to reconsider the recommendation to use Clarithromycin as the first line treatment for H pylori. Our research group will conclude 100 children in the ages of 1-18 years, evaluated for recurrent abdominal pain, iron deficiency anemia, failure to thrive by an upper endoscopy, biopsy specimens taken for a rapid urease test, for histology, for culture and for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Biopsy specimens for histology will be fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin and sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The microbiological workup will include an imprint of the biopsy on a slide followed by a gram stain for the purpose of demonstrating H. pylori in situ. Further the biopsies will be streaked out on chocolate agar, Sheep blood agar and H. pylori selective agar supplemented with Polymixin to suppress possible contaminants. 4 days of incubation in a micro aerophilic atmosphere will follow . Susceptibility testing of H pylori will be performed with E test on Mueller Hinton agar supplemented with defibrinated sheep blood using a MacFalrland 3.0 density of a bacterial suspension. Reading the susceptibility will take place following 72 hours of incubation in a micro aerophilic atmosphere.

Official Title
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Resistance of Helicobacter Pylori to Antibiotics in Children

Conditions
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Abdominal Pain, Children, Bacterial Infection Due to Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori), Antibiotic Resistant Strain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Helicobacter Pylori Culture


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: ages of 1-18 years, evaluated for recurrent abdominal pain, iron deficiency anemia, failure to thrive by an upper endoscopy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 1 Year
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Patients with Helicobacter pilorii in biopsy<br>Patients with Helicobacter pylori in biopsy, cultures will be obtained and subsequently sensitivity to antibiotics studied. | Other: Helicobacter Pylori Culture<br>* Biopsy specimens for histology will be fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin and sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The microbiological workup will include an imprint of the biopsy on a slide followed by a gram stain for the purpose of demonstrating H. pylori in situ. Further the biopsies will be streaked out on chocolate agar, Sheep blood agar and H. pylori selective agar supplemented with Polymixin to suppress possible contaminants. 4 days of incubation in a micro aerophilic atmosphere will follow . Susceptibility testing of H pylori will be performed with E test on Mueller Hinton agar supplemented with defibrinated sheep blood using a MacFalrland 3.0 density of a bacterial suspension. Reading the susceptibility will take place following 72 hours of incubation in a micro aerophilic atmosphere.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Resistance of specific organism to antibiotics |  | Two weeks from the culture |