Magnetic Resonance Adenosine Perfusion Imaging as Gatekeeper of Invasive Coronary Intervention

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Current guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) strongly support the performance of non-invasive imaging techniques for the detection of myocardial ischemia prior to revascularization procedures. This recommendation originates from the strong evidence base showing the lack of prognostic benefit from percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) over optimal medical therapy in patients without verification of myocardial ischemia. On the other hand, it could be demonstrated that patients with functionally significant coronary artery stenoses do benefit from revascularization. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has emerged to be a diagnostic modality of choice for the detection of myocardial ischemia with high sensitivity and specificity. The investigators therefore designed this prospective and randomized trial to compare a CMR-driven vs. angiography-driven management of patients with stable CAD concerning major cardiac endpoints, futile angiographies and quality of life.

Detailed Description
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Current guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) recommend - besides thorough history and physical examination - proper risk stratification prior to invasive therapy. The detection or exclusion of moderate to severe reversible myocardial ischemia is a crucial part of the work-up process which designates the patients to the high-risk group when ischemia is present. This is of special interest, as several observational studies have shown that the prognostic benefit from revascularization depends on the amount of myocardial ischemia. Moreover, patients without ischemia do not seem to benefit from revascularization over optimal medical therapy. This emphasizes the need for functional testing prior to therapeutic decisions. Invasive coronary angiography still is considered to be the gold-standard for the diagnosis of CAD, though it exhibits several limitations and shortcomings. Multiple studies have documented the significant interobserver variability in the grading of coronary artery stenosis, as well as the frequent occurrence of under- and overestimation of hemodynamic relevance. One has to conclude that coronary angiography may provide anatomical information but is not the modality of choice concerning the detection of myocardial ischemia. Moreover, there is no study which has randomized patients with stable CAD to either catheterization or no catheterization yet, so there does not exist high-quality evidence which would support the performance of a diagnostic coronary angiography in the majority of cases of stable CAD. This is of special interest, as there is a reported frequency of complications due to diagnostic coronary angiography of about 1.5%. Nevertheless, coronary angiography remains the most often performed diagnostic test in this setting, with more than one-half of elective percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) done without previous stress-testing. Adenosine perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is an imaging modality which provides anatomical and functional information in one single examination. With its ability to reliably detect reversible myocardial ischemia, it plays an increasing role in the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with suspected or known CAD. Though CMR therefore is highly recommended in the diagnostic work-up in the setting of stable CAD, no study exists which would have evaluated a CMR driven approach in patient management with regard to the occurrence of major cardiac events, quality of life and safety endpoints. Objective of our study is to show that a CMR based conservative or invasive management of patients with suspected or known CAD is not inferior with regard to major cardiac endpoints and quality of life in comparison to a - more conventional - coronary angiography based approach. The investigators assume that a significant number of diagnostic coronary angiographies and PCIs thus could be spared without decrease in patient safety and comfort.

Official Title
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Magnetic Resonance Adenosine Perfusion Imaging as Gatekeeper of Invasive Coronary Intervention

Conditions
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Stable Coronary Artery Disease, Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Coronary Angiography, Myocardial Revascularization, Outcomes and Prognosis, Quality of Life

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: diagnostic test - cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
* Other: diagnostic test - coronary angiography


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients who present themselves for the evaluation of symptoms being likely to be caused by CAD, such as exercise-related chest pain or dyspnea. Exclusion Criteria: Unability to give written informed consent Unstable angina Cardiac or respiratory instability Contraindication for CMR Allergy to Gadolinium Impaired renal function Allergy to adenosine Pregnancy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Coronary angiography<br>Patients directly undergo diagnostic coronary angiography. A PCI is performed according to current guidelines in case of ≥70% stenosis in a coronary vessel with ≥2 mm diameter. | Other: diagnostic test - coronary angiography<br> <br> |
| Other: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging<br>Patients receive adenosine perfusion CMR for functional testing, first. The examination is conducted on a 3.0 Tesla whole-body scanner with a 32-channel phased-array cardiac receiver coil according to a well-established standard protocol [21-23]. In case reversible ischemia can be detected, subjects are sent to coronary angiography and PCI afterwards. | Other: diagnostic test - cardiac magnetic resonance imaging<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of cardiac deaths and non-fatal myocardial infarctions occurring in study cohort assessed by medical records |  | 3 years | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of invasive procedures | Diagnostic coronary angiographies/PCIs | 3 years | 
| Quality of life | Assessed by Seattle Angina Questionnaire | 3 years |