Translation and Validation of the Turkish Version of JSE-HPS

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Empathy, which can be briefly defined as understanding and feeling of one's thoughts upon experiences. It has been gaining importance in health care. A great majority of the literature has been focusing on the aspect of physician and health care provider yet recently establishing or measuring empathy has been performed with the undergraduate students. Since empathy and its related dimensions are important to integrate a better skill to provide in health care, measuring empathy gained attention. However, there might be lacking some tools which assess empathy directly such as the Empathic Tendency Scale and the Empathic Skill Scale in the Turkish language, yet these were discussed as cannot be quite modifiable to some specific sub-groups such as health sciences students. Thus, this study is aimed to study for the reliability, validity, and cross-cultural adaptation of the Turkish version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for undergraduate health care students.

Detailed Description
-----------------
The research has been aimed at studying translation, validation, a cross-cultural adaptation of the Turkish version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professional Students (JSE-HPS). Study Setting: This research was planned as a descriptive study. The research is planning to be performed between May 2020 and October 2020. The students who are currently studying in the Faculty of Health Sciences will be asked to participate in this study. Since ethical board approval was taken in February 2020 and study was planned to start in March or April 2020. However, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the research in which test and re-test protocols should be performed by students was re-planned by doing these protocols via internet-based forms. Before the study, all participating students were informed about this study. To achieve their consent in regard to participate in this study, a tick-box was placed prior to the questionnaire in which whether they accept that participating in this study voluntarily. The primary target for sample size was set as 300 students. Measurement and Method: The descriptive data will be gathered by using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for health professional students (JSE-HPS), the Turkish version of Empathic tendency scale (ETS), and sociodemographic form in which age, gender, and other information will be requested to fill out. JSE-HPS: JSE-HPS was originally developed by Jefferson University. It consists of 20 items each scored according to the seven-point Likert type scale in which 1 means Strongly Disagree while 7 means Strongly agree. The minimum and maximum scores range from 20 to 140. Higher scores indicate a better empathic aspect or vice versa. Empathic Tendency Scale (ETS): ETS was originally developed in the Turkish language in 1988. Turkish validation and reliability of ETS were also conducted and found to reliable according to the Cronbach's alpha value is 0.82. ETS consists of 20 items each scored according to the five-point Likert type scale in which 1 equals Completely contradictory while 5 means Completely proper. Each item is related to some ideas which are quite common in daily life. 20 and 100 are minimum and maximum scores, respectively. Higher scores indicate a better empathic aspect. Translation and Cross-cultural Adaptation Process: The permission was granted from the copyright Holder of JSE-HPS in order to study the reliability, validity, and adaptation of the Turkish version of JSE-HPS. The cultural adaptation was performed according to the protocol explained by Beaton et al. Steps and a detailed explanation of this protocol can be found in the literature. Briefly, an expert committee consists of study researchers separately translated the original version of the JSE-HPS into Turkish. The final version of the Turkish translated JSE-HPS was created according to the separately translated ones. This final version was re-translated to English by a native English speaker who is also capable to talk Turkish language. The expert committee eventually made a final version to which can be applicable to the participants.

Official Title
-----------------
The Reliability, Validity and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Turkish Version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy For Health Professional Students

Conditions
-----------------
Surveys and Questionnaires, Empathy

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Questionnaire


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Being currently studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences Able to read, write and understand the Turkish language Having no mental medical conditions Being a volunteer to participate in this study Exclusion Criteria: Inability to read, write and understand Turkish language Not volunteer to participate in this study

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 30 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: A group of students who studying at Faculty of Health Sciences will be asked to fill Turkish version of JSE-HPS and ETS. JSE-HPS will be asked to re-fill after seven days for retest analysis.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Health Professional Students<br>A group of students who studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences will be asked to fill the Turkish version of JSE-HPS and ETS. JSE-HPS will be asked to re-fill after seven days for retest analysis. | Other: Questionnaire<br>* A group of students who studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences will be asked to fill the Turkish version of JSE-HPS and ETS. JSE-HPS will be asked to re-fill after seven days for retest analysis.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Jefferson Scale of Empathy Health Professional Students Questionnaire | The Turkish version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy Health Professional Students (JSE-HPS) will be applied to participants. The minimum and maximum scores for JSE-HPS can be reached to 20 and 140, respectively. The more the higher scores indicate more empathic aspect or vice versa. | Baseline | 
| Jefferson Scale of Empathy Health Professional Students Questionnaire | The Turkish version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy Health Professional Students (JSE-HPS) will be applied to participants. The minimum and maximum scores for JSE-HPS can be reached to 20 and 140, respectively. The more the higher scores indicate more empathic aspect or vice versa. | 1 week after baseline | 
| Empathic Tendency Scale (ETS) Questionnaire | The Turkish version of Empathic Tendency Scale (ETS) Questionnaire will be applied to participants. The minimum and maximum scores can be taken from the tool are 20 and 100, respectively in which higher scores indicate better empathic attitude or vice versa. | Baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Demographic Data Form | Basic Form gathers some information related participants' age, gender etc. | Baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Jefferson Scale of Empathy, Empathy, Questionnaire