Sedation and Pain (The Effect of IV Sedation on Pain Perception)

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The investigators propose to evaluate the potential effect of sedation on pain perception in two ways, by asking for a participant's pain rating(subjective) and by evaluating a subject's brain activation using fMRI(objective).

Detailed Description
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We propose to contrast and compare the effect of propofol and midazolam, two GABA-related sedative drugs, and dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, on pain perception in human volunteers by asking a participant to rate their pain and by evaluating a subject's brain activation using fMRI.

Official Title
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Sedation and Pain (The Effect of IV Sedation on Pain Perception)

Conditions
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Pain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: dexmedetomidine
* Drug: midazolam
* Drug: propofol


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy subjects 19 years or older able to follow study instructions Exclusion Criteria: Age less than 19 or greater than 40 Pregnant female Obesity (BMI > or =35) Non-English speaking/reading participants Sleep apnea Pulmonary problems such as moderate or severe bronchial asthma Cardiovascular problems such as hypertension History of claustrophobia Presence of a pacemaker, defibrillator, surgically placed metallic object (e.g., hip replacement)or other implanted device Presence of an unremoved bullet or shrapnel in the body Presence of a prosthetic that is not removable Presence of a hearing aid needed for hearing Head girth exceeding that of the head coil used in the magnet Extensive metalwork on or in teeth, or irremovable false teeth or bridgework Epilepsy Chronic analgesic medication Excessive tattoos (due to local skin heating with tattoos containing ferromagnetic particles) History of surgery for which details are unavailable Allery due to study drugs History of drug abuse

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 19 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Propofol<br>Administration via an IV | Drug: propofol<br> <br> |
| Active Comparator: Midazolam<br>Administration via an IV | Drug: midazolam<br> <br> |
| Active Comparator: Dexmedetomidine<br>Administration via an IV | Drug: dexmedetomidine<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pain Rating Change | Mechanical Slide Algometer (www.decisionaidsonline.com), Range: No Pain Sensation (1) to  Most Intense Sensation Imaginable (10) 10 point scale. Change Time Points: Baseline (no sedation), Sedation. Same Day Intervention. | Sedation | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Pain, Propofol, Dexmedetomidine, Midazolam, Effects of sedation on pain perception.