The Order Effect of Acute Concurrent Exercise on Executive Function: An Event-Related Potential Study

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Executive function is a high-level cognition which plays an important role in our life. Meta-analysis study has demonstrated that acute exercise could improve executive function. However, it is still unclear whether executive function can be enhanced by the concurrent exercise that combines aerobic and resistance exercise. Moreover, the sequence of concurrent exercise may result in different blood lactate concentration which may affect executive function. Therefore, the purposes of present study are: (1) Measuring the order effect of acute concurrent exercise on executive function. (2) Measuring whether order effect of acute concurrent exercise on executive function is mediated by blood lactate.

Detailed Description
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Executive function is a high-level cognition which plays an important role in academic performance, career, and interpersonal relationship. Meta-analysis study has demonstrated that acute exercise could improve executive function, and also observed similar positive effect through both aerobic and resistance exercise. However, it is still unclear whether executive function can be enhanced by the concurrent exercise that combines aerobic and resistance exercise. Moreover, the sequence of concurrent exercise may result in different blood lactate concentration which may affect executive function. Therefore, the purposes of present study are: (1) Measuring the order effect of acute concurrent exercise on executive function. (2) Measuring whether order effect of acute concurrent exercise on executive function is mediated by blood lactate.

Official Title
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The Order Effect of Acute Concurrent Exercise on Executive Function: An Event-Related Potential Study

Conditions
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Executive Function

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: resistance-aerobic exercise, RA
* Behavioral: aerobic-resistance exercise, AR


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: no history of psychiatric or neurological disorders no history of cardiovascular disease normal or corrected to normal vision and normal color perception right handed 18.5 < BMI < 27 Exclusion Criteria: 1. Diagnosed with epilepsy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 21 Years
Maximum Age: 28 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Participants were randomly assigned to three group, namely the resistance-aerobic exercise group (RA), the aerobic-resistance exercise group (AR), and the reading control group (RC). Participants in RA groups were asked to finish 5 min warm-up, 13 min resistance exercise, 12 min aerobic exercise, and 5 min cool down. Participants in AR groups were asked to finish 5 min warm-up, 12 min aerobic exercise, 13 min resistance exercise, and 5 min cool down. Participants in RC group were required to finish 35 min reading. All groups took a 30 min cognitive test before and after the intervention.The blood lactate were collected before, 17 minutes after, and after the intervention.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: resistance-aerobic exercise group, RA<br>Participants conduct 5-min warm up, 13-min resistance exercise, 12-min aerobic exercise, and 5-min cool down. | Behavioral: resistance-aerobic exercise, RA<br>* Participants conduct 5-min warm up, 13-min resistance exercise, 12-min aerobic exercise, and 5-min cool down.<br>|
| Experimental: aerobic-resistance exercise group, AR<br>Participants conduct 5-min warm up, 12-min aerobic exercise, 13-min resistance exercise, and 5-min cool down. | Behavioral: aerobic-resistance exercise, AR<br>* Participants conduct warm up for 5-min, aerobic exercise for 12-min, resistance exercise for 13-min, and 5-min cold down.<br>|
| No Intervention: reading control group, RC<br>Participants conduct reading for 35 minutes. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Stroop test | The Stroop task consists of neutral, congruent, and incongruent trials. In neutral trials, colored rectangles were presented and participants were instructed to respond to whether the squares were red, blue, or green. For congruent and incongruent trials, participants were presented with the names of the three Chinese color words of 紅 (red), 藍 (blue), or 綠 (green) printed in either the same (congruent) or different (incongruent) ink color and instructed to respond to the color of the ink while inhibiting the meaning of the word. | 30 minutes | 
| task switch test | The shifting aspect of executive function was assessed by means of a computer version of the task-switching test. In brief, each participant was presented with six blocks of 64 trials. For the first block, the participant was required to identify whether the stimulus (i.e., digits 1-9, without digit 5) within the solid-line square was greater/less than the digit 5. For the second block, the participant identified whether the stimulus within the dotted-line square was even/odd. The blocks 3-6 consisted of an equal number of stimuli from the first and second blocks forming an alternating-runs paradigm. | 30 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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acute exercise, concurrent exercise, inhibition, cognitive flexibility