Muscle Typology and Strength Training Adaptations

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The overall aim of this project is to investigate if the responsiveness to chronic resistance training is dependent on the muscle typology. In a second aim we will investigate the most optimal training frequency for slow-twitchers and fast-twitchers. For the latter we hypothesize that slow-twitchers might cope better with higher frequencies and higher volumes compared to fast-twitchers. Male and female adult participants (18-45y) will be recruited. The subjects' muscle typology will be non-invasively estimated in the leg muscles by measurement of muscle carnosine using H-MRS. In total 21 subjects (11 slow and 10 fast subjects) will participate. Subjects will be assigned to a whole-body resistance training exercise protocol of 9 weeks in wich arm A and leg A will train 3 times per week and arm B and leg B will train 2 times per week. Before and following the training period, subjects will be subjected to different measurements (fitness level, muscle volume, strength tests, blood sampling, muscle biopsies).

Official Title
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Influence of Muscle Typology and Training Frequency on Chronic Strength Training Adaptations

Conditions
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Muscle Fiber Type, Exercise, Training Frequency

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Muscle typology + exercise training
* Other: Muscle typology + training frequency


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Fast or slow muscle typology 18 - 45 years old no strength training experience Exclusion Criteria: Vegan/vegeterian diet Supplement intake chronic diseases Hypertension, Smoking Medication use Coagulation disorder, infectious diseases

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: All participants will receive the same training intervention but the subjects are divided into two groups based on an inherent physiological characteristic: the muscle typology. A slow typology group (people with a lot of slow muscle fibers) and a fast typology group (people with a lot of fast muscle fibers). Each participant will train their legs and arms unilateral and one arm and one leg will train two times per week, while the other arm and leg will train three times per week for 9 weeks. The assignment of the limbs to the 3x/week condition and the 2x/week condition is randomized. The training outcomes of the two groups will be compared as well as the within subject differences between training two times per week or training 3 times per week.
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Slow muscle typology group<br>The participants receive the same exercise training intervention, but they are divided in two groups: a slow typology group and a fast typology group based on their inherent physiological characteristics: their muscle fiber type. | Other: Muscle typology + exercise training<br>* Exercise training: Participants perform 9 weeks of strength training at 60% of their 1RM.<br>Other: Muscle typology + training frequency<br>* Training frequency: leg A and arm A of the participants train 3 times per week, leg B and arm B train 2 times per week.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Fast muscle typology group<br>The participants receive the same exercise training intervention, but they are divided in two groups: a slow typology group and a fast typology group based on their inherent physiological characteristics: their muscle fiber type. | Other: Muscle typology + exercise training<br>* Exercise training: Participants perform 9 weeks of strength training at 60% of their 1RM.<br>Other: Muscle typology + training frequency<br>* Training frequency: leg A and arm A of the participants train 3 times per week, leg B and arm B train 2 times per week.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from baseline muscle volume at 9 weeks | Muscle volume of the legs and the upper arms - MRI | Pre and post the 9 weeks training period | 
| Change from baseline dynamic muscle strength at 3 weeks | Upper legs and upper arms - strength training devices | Pre, mid and post 9 weeks training period | 
| Change from baseline dynamic muscle strength at 6 weeks | Upper legs and upper arms - strength training devices | Pre, mid and post 9 weeks training period | 
| Change from baseline dynamic muscle strength at 9 weeks | Upper legs and upper arms - strength training devices | Pre, mid and post 9 weeks training period | 
| Change from baseline isometric muscle strength at 9 weeks | Upper legs and upper arms - Biodex | Pre and post 9 weeks training period | 
| Change in muscle fiber type specific hypertrophy at 9 weeks | Legs - Biopsy (vastus lateralis) | Pre and post 9 weeks training period | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change of baseline antropometry at 9 weeks | Height, weight, skinfolds | Pre and post 9 weeks training period | 
| Change of baseline skeletal muscle protein content at 9 weeks | Histochemistry and protein content of markers of relevance for skeletal muscle function | Pre and post 9 weeks training period | 
| Change of baseline histochemistry at 9 weeks | Histochemistry of markers of relevance for skeletal muscle function | Pre and post 9 weeks training period | 
| Change from basline fatigue feeling over 9 weeks training period | Number of repetitions during every training, questionnaire (VAS-scale) before every training, RPE after every training | Assessed every training during the 9 weeks training period | 
| Change from baseline fasting insulin, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides at 9 weeks | Fasted blood samples | Pre and post 9 weeks training period | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Strength training, Muscle typology