Sleep and Memory in Children

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Sleep exerts a dual effect on learning: on the one hand, good sleep quality allows good daytime aptitudes leading to knowledge acquisition. On the other hand, sleep after learning is necessary for knowledge consolidation. A key role of sleep has clearly been demonstrated in memory consolidation in adults. Sleep leads to strengthen memory by promoting brain plasticity. Surprisingly, sleep influence on learning stabilization has scarcely been studied during childhood and in children affected by sleep disorders. Yet, sleep disorders concern almost 30% of children and are frequently related to a worsening in academic performances. Classical neuropsychological evaluations of these children, based on daytime learning, often fail to determine cognitive profiles explaining their academic difficulties. The investigators hypothesize that a lack of sleep-dependent consolidation could take an active part in these children's cognitive and academic difficulties. This proposal aims at characterizing interactions between sleep, learning and memory processes that have not been studied in children of elementary school age (6-12 years). The investigators will evaluate sleep-dependent memory consolidation processes in children with sleep disorders before and after treatment and healthy controls. Neuropsychological testing and academic performances will be also evaluated.. The comparison of performances obtained before and after medical treatment, will allow to understand whether normalisation of sleep quality permits the restoration of sleep-dependent memory consolidation.

Official Title
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Sleep-dependent Memory Consolidation in Children With Sleep Diseases

Conditions
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Sleep Apnea, Temporo-central Epilepsy, Narcolepsy, High Intellectual Potential, Healthy Subject

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: memory evaluation at V1 and V2 (with treatment)
* Other: memory evaluation at V1 (without treatment)
* Other: memory evaluation at V1 and V2 (without treatment)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: aged between 6 and 12 y referred to the HFME for a suspicion of sleep apnea narcolepsy centro-temporal epilepsy high intellectual potential children without sleep disorders will be included in the healthy control group.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Years
Maximum Age: 12 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: obstructive sleep apnoea<br>The objective of this task is to evaluate the sleep-dependent consolidation abilities before and after treatment in children suffering from obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. | Other: memory evaluation at V1 and V2 (with treatment)<br>* Overnight episodic and procedural memory consolidation performance will be assessed at V1 and V2. The performance will be correlated with sleep data, diurnal neuropsychological assessment and academic performance. The children receive drug treatment (BECTS and Narcolepsy) or surgical (OSA) as part of their routine care.<br>|
| Experimental: narcolepsy<br>The objective of this task is to evaluate the sleep-dependent consolidation abilities before and after treatment in children suffering from narcolepsy. | Other: memory evaluation at V1 and V2 (with treatment)<br>* Overnight episodic and procedural memory consolidation performance will be assessed at V1 and V2. The performance will be correlated with sleep data, diurnal neuropsychological assessment and academic performance. The children receive drug treatment (BECTS and Narcolepsy) or surgical (OSA) as part of their routine care.<br>|
| Experimental: BECTS (Benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes)<br>The objective of this task is to evaluate the sleep-dependent consolidation abilities before and after treatment in children suffering from BECTS. | Other: memory evaluation at V1 and V2 (with treatment)<br>* Overnight episodic and procedural memory consolidation performance will be assessed at V1 and V2. The performance will be correlated with sleep data, diurnal neuropsychological assessment and academic performance. The children receive drug treatment (BECTS and Narcolepsy) or surgical (OSA) as part of their routine care.<br>|
| Experimental: high intellectual potential<br>The objective of this task is to evaluate the sleep-dependent consolidation abilities in children with high intellectual potential. | Other: memory evaluation at V1 (without treatment)<br>* Overnight episodic and procedural memory consolidation performance will be assessed at V1. The performance will be correlated with sleep data, diurnal neuropsychological assessment and academic performance.<br>|
| Experimental: healthy children<br>The objective of this task is to evaluate the sleep-dependent consolidation abilities in healthy children. | Other: memory evaluation at V1 and V2 (without treatment)<br>* Overnight episodic and procedural memory consolidation performance will be assessed at V1 and V2. The performance will be correlated with sleep data, diurnal neuropsychological assessment and academic performance.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Memory performances | memory test : Björn Rasch, et al. (2007) | 6 months | 
| Memory performances | - Mirror drawing test : Nissen, et al. (2006). | 6 months | 
| Memory performances | - Word- pairs test : Urbain et al. (2011). | 6 months | 
| Memory performances | - Emotional memory test : Prehn-Kristensen et al. (2009). | 6 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| total sleep time (TST) | standard full-night polysomnographic recording following the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendation will be performed at the hospital for the children suffering from sleep diseases (Morpheus, Medatec, Belgium) or at home for the healthy subjects (Dream, Medatec, Belgium). It will include electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram. | 3 months and 6 months | 
| sleep efficiency (sleep time/time on bed) | standard full-night polysomnographic recording following the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendation will be performed at the hospital for the children suffering from sleep diseases (Morpheus, Medatec, Belgium) or at home for the healthy subjects (Dream, Medatec, Belgium). It will include electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram. | 3 months and 6 months | 
| sleep latency (time before sleeping after closing eyes) | standard full-night polysomnographic recording following the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendation will be performed at the hospital for the children suffering from sleep diseases (Morpheus, Medatec, Belgium) or at home for the healthy subjects (Dream, Medatec, Belgium). It will include electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram. | 3 months and 6 months | 
| number of awakenings | standard full-night polysomnographic recording following the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendation will be performed at the hospital for the children suffering from sleep diseases (Morpheus, Medatec, Belgium) or at home for the healthy subjects (Dream, Medatec, Belgium). It will include electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram. | 3 months and 6 months | 
| number of Stage 1 | standard full-night polysomnographic recording following the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendation will be performed at the hospital for the children suffering from sleep diseases (Morpheus, Medatec, Belgium) or at home for the healthy subjects (Dream, Medatec, Belgium). It will include electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram. | 3 months and 6 months | 
| number of Stage 2 | standard full-night polysomnographic recording following the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendation will be performed at the hospital for the children suffering from sleep diseases (Morpheus, Medatec, Belgium) or at home for the healthy subjects (Dream, Medatec, Belgium). It will include electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram. | 3 months and 6 months | 
| Slow-wave sleep (SWS) percentages | standard full-night polysomnographic recording following the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendation will be performed at the hospital for the children suffering from sleep diseases (Morpheus, Medatec, Belgium) or at home for the healthy subjects (Dream, Medatec, Belgium). It will include electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram. | 3 months and 6 months | 
| PS percentages | standard full-night polysomnographic recording following the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendation will be performed at the hospital for the children suffering from sleep diseases (Morpheus, Medatec, Belgium) or at home for the healthy subjects (Dream, Medatec, Belgium). It will include electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram. | 3 months and 6 months | 
| SWS time | standard full-night polysomnographic recording following the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendation will be performed at the hospital for the children suffering from sleep diseases (Morpheus, Medatec, Belgium) or at home for the healthy subjects (Dream, Medatec, Belgium). It will include electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram. | 3 months and 6 months | 
| PS latency (time between start of sleep and start of PS) | standard full-night polysomnographic recording following the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendation will be performed at the hospital for the children suffering from sleep diseases (Morpheus, Medatec, Belgium) or at home for the healthy subjects (Dream, Medatec, Belgium). It will include electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram. | 3 months and 6 months | 
| numbers of rapid eye movements | standard full-night polysomnographic recording following the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendation will be performed at the hospital for the children suffering from sleep diseases (Morpheus, Medatec, Belgium) or at home for the healthy subjects (Dream, Medatec, Belgium). It will include electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram. | 3 months and 6 months | 
| total cycle time (TCT) | standard full-night polysomnographic recording following the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendation will be performed at the hospital for the children suffering from sleep diseases (Morpheus, Medatec, Belgium) or at home for the healthy subjects (Dream, Medatec, Belgium). It will include electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram. | 3 months and 6 months | 
| TCT/TST ratio | standard full-night polysomnographic recording following the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendation will be performed at the hospital for the children suffering from sleep diseases (Morpheus, Medatec, Belgium) or at home for the healthy subjects (Dream, Medatec, Belgium). It will include electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram. | 3 months and 6 months | 
| WASO (wake after sleep onset) | standard full-night polysomnographic recording following the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendation will be performed at the hospital for the children suffering from sleep diseases (Morpheus, Medatec, Belgium) or at home for the healthy subjects (Dream, Medatec, Belgium). It will include electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram. | 3 months and 6 months | 
| apnoea/hypopnoea index | standard full-night polysomnographic recording following the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendation will be performed at the hospital for the children suffering from sleep diseases (Morpheus, Medatec, Belgium) or at home for the healthy subjects (Dream, Medatec, Belgium). It will include electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram. | 3 months and 6 months | 
| O2 desaturation | standard full-night polysomnographic recording following the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendation will be performed at the hospital for the children suffering from sleep diseases (Morpheus, Medatec, Belgium) or at home for the healthy subjects (Dream, Medatec, Belgium). It will include electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram. | 3 months and 6 months | 
| micro-arousal index | standard full-night polysomnographic recording following the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendation will be performed at the hospital for the children suffering from sleep diseases (Morpheus, Medatec, Belgium) or at home for the healthy subjects (Dream, Medatec, Belgium). It will include electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram. | 3 months and 6 months | 
| attention assessment | Neuropsychological assessment will be standardized | 3 months and 6 months | 
| short and long term memory | Neuropsychological assessment will be standardized | 3 months and 6 months | 
| executive functions | Neuropsychological assessment will be standardized | 3 months and 6 months | 
| depression and anxiety | Neuropsychological assessment will be standardized | 3 months and 6 months | 
| Intellectual Quotient | Neuropsychological assessment will be standardized | 3 months and 6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Memory, sleep, narcolepsy, apnea, epilepsy