Unidas Por la Vida: A Healthy Lifestyle Intervention for High-risk Latina Dyads

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Mexican American women have significantly elevated rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The proposed study tests a novel intervention that capitalizes on an existing important family dyad (mothers and their adult daughters) to foster clinically significant and long-lasting health behavior change. If found to effective, this intervention strategy has great potential to address health disparities in this, and other, at-risk populations.

Detailed Description
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Approximately half of Mexican-American women report having a sedentary lifestyle, and nearly 78% are overweight or obese. Compared to women in all other ethnic groups, Mexican-American women have the highest lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes. The development of culturally appropriate lifestyle interventions for this population is an urgent priority, and the proposed study accordingly will investigate a novel dyadic intervention designed to improve health behaviors and promote weight loss in two at-risk members of the same family: mothers with type 2 diabetes and their overweight/obese adult daughters who are at risk for developing diabetes. The intervention, Unidas por la Vida (United for Life), capitalizes on the importance of the family in Latino culture to mobilize an existing family dyad as a source of mutual support that is likely to foster greater and longer-lasting health behavior change. The study builds on a successful pilot study (R34 DK083500) that established the feasibility and acceptability of this dyadic behavioral lifestyle intervention in a high-risk sample of Mexican-American family members who share a risk for diabetes and its complications. The 16-week intervention was modeled after the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), but was adapted for use with mother daughter pairs and to be community-based and, thus, more easily accessible to low-income Latinas. Preliminary data from the Unidas pilot study indicated that the dyadic intervention promoted significant weight loss. The proposed study extends the successful pilot study to: 1) target weight loss > 5% of baseline body weight and to foster maintenance using a tapered intervention, 2) add comparison groups that permit evaluation of the improvement uniquely associated with the partner intervention, and 3) assess theoretically derived mediators of the intervention. Participants (N=460 mother-adult daughter dyads) will be randomized into one of three conditions: 1) dyadic (mother-daughter) participation in a Unidas partner intervention (Arm 1); 2) individual participation (mothers alone; unrelated daughters alone) in a Unidas individual intervention (Arm 2); and 3) mother-daughter dyad in a usual care only condition (Arm 3).

Official Title
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Unidas Por la Vida: A Healthy Lifestyle Intervention for High-risk Latina Dyads

Conditions
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Diabetes, Obesity, Overweight

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Dyadic lifestyle intervention
* Behavioral: Individual lifestyle intervention
* Other: Usual Care


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Mothers: Are Mexican-American Are age 18 and older Have a body mass index (BMI) between 25 kg/m2 and 43 kg/m2. Are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes Live within a 25 mile radius of your adult daughter Are fluent in either Spanish or English as your primary language Are able to understand and sign an informed consent Adult daughters: Are Mexican-American Are age 18 and older Have a body mass index (BMI) between 25 kg/m2 and 43 kg/m2. Live within a 25 mile radius of your mother Are fluent in either Spanish or English as your primary language Are able to understand and sign an informed consent Exclusion Criteria: Are male Have a visual or hearing impairment, documented psychiatric and/or life-threatening illness that precludes the ability to participate in a weight loss program and/or provide consent. Are a mother with diabetes who is not able to start an exercise regimen or are likely to be injured (e.g., have uncontrolled high blood pressure). Are pregnant or become pregnant during the course of the study.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Dyadic lifestyle intervention<br>Mothers and daughters participate in the Unidas partner intervention together. | Behavioral: Dyadic lifestyle intervention<br>* Dyadic lifestyle intervention: The dyadic behavioral lifestyle intervention was modeled after the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), and was adapted to make it more easily accessible to low-income Latinas. In addition, this intervention arm has a dyadic component to examine the effectiveness of mothers and daughters engaging in the lifestyle intervention together as partners. Participants also will receive usual care.<br>Other: Usual Care<br>* Usual Care: Mother and daughter participants will receive Usual Care.<br>|
| Experimental: Individual lifestyle intervention<br>Mothers participate in the Unidas intervention alone, without their related daughters. Unrelated daughters participate in the Unidas intervention alone without their related mothers. | Behavioral: Individual lifestyle intervention<br>* Individual lifestyle intervention: The individual behavioral lifestyle intervention was modeled after the Diabetes Prevention Program, and was adapted to make it more easily accessible to low-income Latinas. Mothers participate in the Unidas intervention alone, without their related daughters. Unrelated daughters participate in the Unidas intervention alone without their related mothers. Participants also will receive usual care.<br>Other: Usual Care<br>* Usual Care: Mother and daughter participants will receive Usual Care.<br>|
| Other: Usual Care<br>Mothers and daughters receive usual care. | Other: Usual Care<br>* Usual Care: Mother and daughter participants will receive Usual Care.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Longitudinal % change in body weight | The study will compare longitudinal % change in body weight across the three study arms. | 6, 12, and 18 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Longitudinal change in dietary intake | The study will examine whether changes in dietary intake are greatest among women in the partner intervention, compared to women in an individual intervention or in usual care, and to examine whether changes in dietary intake mediate the effects of the intervention on weight status and maintenance. Dietary intake will be measured with the Spanish version of the 2005 Block Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). This instrument assesses portion sizes and frequency of consumption of over 100 food items, including foods selected for their cultural appropriateness for Mexican Americans to provide validated estimates of energy intake (total kilocalories) and macronutrient intake (including fat, carbohydrates and dietary fiber). | 6, 12, and 18 months | 
| Longitudinal change in physical activity | The study will examine whether changes in physical activity are greatest among women in the partner intervention, compared to women in an individual intervention or in usual care, and to examine whether changes in physical activity mediate the effects of the intervention on weight status and maintenance. The 7-day physical activity recall (PAR) will be used to assess physical activity at each study time point. Participants will be asked to estimate the number of hours spent each day (starting with the current day and working backwards) in sleep and in moderate, hard, and very hard physical activities. | 6, 12, and 18 months | 
| Longitudinal change in interpersonal processes | The study will examine whether changes in theoretically-derived mediating mechanisms, such as interpersonal processes, are greatest among women in the partner intervention, compared to women in the individual intervention or in usual care to examine whether changes in these processes mediate the effects of the intervention on dietary intake and in physical activity. Well-established methods of social network and social exchange assessment will be used to obtain detailed information about the involvement of participants' social network members in health-related social support, social control, and/or social undermining. Participants will be asked to identify social network members who have helped them make healthy lifestyle changes (social support), have prompted or urged them to do more to make such changes (social control), and/or have interfered (intentionally or unintentionally) with their efforts to make such changes (social undermining). | 6, 12, and 18 months | 
| Longitudinal change in mother-daughter processes of mutual influence | The study will examine actor-partner interdependence models to explore group differences in mother-daughter processes of mutual influence across the study arms, with this mutual influence expected to be greater and more strongly related to the primary and secondary outcomes for women in the partner intervention, compared to women in the individual intervention or in usual care. | 6, 12, and 18 months |