The Effect of Nutritional Interventions on Exercise-induced Muscle Damage

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The study is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial that will include the participation of 69 women, aged 18-40 years. The aim of the study is to test nutritional strategies that help to minimize the effects of muscle damage induced by exercise. The procedures will be performed at the Federal University of Health of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA).

Detailed Description
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The exercise-induced muscle damage is associated with eccentric activities affecting muscle structural unit through micro-injury that can promote a local inflammatory response, muscle damage and delayed onset muscle soreness. These events can cause an impact on athletic performance and lower adherence to the training programs. To optimize muscle recovery after the damage caused by exercise is essential to ensure adequate caloric intake , with required amounts of macronutrients and micronutrients. Recent studies have been showed that the protein intake before sleeping is a effective strategy to inhibit muscle protein degradation, stimulate muscle protein synthesis and facilitate adaptive response of skeletal muscle to physical exercise. Furthermore, evidences on the use of anti-inflammatory nutrients have suggested that diets rich in omega 3 can reduce inflammation through inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators. Therefore, the intake of this nutrient combined with a protein meal before sleeps and the control of food intake can improve adherence to sports training. The study will consist of three groups where everyone will receive an individualized diet. A randomization procedure will determine the type of intervention. The distribution of the groups will be as follows: group 1 (control) - volunteers follow individualized diet and olive oil capsules and maltodextrin; group 2 - intervention with omega 3 more individualized diet ; group 3 - omega 3 and whey protein isolate intervention more individualized diet. The order of procedures to be performed will be: (1) Nutritional and Anthropometric assessment; (2) Individual orientation of diet and distribution of supplements; (3) Baseline assessment (peak torque, muscle pain levels and vastus lateralis and rectus femoris echo intensity; (4) Muscle damage induction by eccentric exercise protocol; (5) Reviews after 24h, 48h, 72h, which will follow the routine and the methods applied at baseline.

Official Title
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The Effect of Nutritional Interventions on Exercise-induced Muscle Damage

Conditions
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Muscle Damage

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Omega 3
* Dietary Supplement: Isolate whey protein
* Dietary Supplement: Omega 3 and Isolate whey protein
* Other: Eccentric exercise


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 18 - 40 years aged BMI 18,5-25kg/m2 physical exercise: < 150 minutes per week Exclusion Criteria: pregnancy/ lactation vegetarian/vegan chronic disease pulmonary and neurologic disease muscle injury/knee muscle injury medication use: anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant fish oil and derivate allergy dietary supplements use in the last month: whey protein, casein, albumin, glutamin, meat and soy protein, creatine, branched chain amino acid, high calorie supplement, n-3 supplement and antioxidants

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Placebo Comparator: Omega 3<br>3000mg of olive oil Eccentric exercise: 100 maximal eccentric contractions of knee extensors, divided into 10 sets of 10 repetitions at intervals of 60 seconds between the series | Dietary Supplement: Omega 3<br>* 3000mg of n-3 oil (2000mg EPA e 1000mg DHA)<br>Other: Eccentric exercise<br>* 100 maximal eccentric contractions of knee extensors, divided into 10 sets of 10 repetitions at intervals of 60 seconds between the series<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Isolate whey protein<br>23g of maltodextrin Eccentric exercise: 100 maximal eccentric contractions of knee extensors, divided into 10 sets of 10 repetitions at intervals of 60 seconds between the series | Dietary Supplement: Isolate whey protein<br>* 23g of protein of whey protein<br>Other: Eccentric exercise<br>* 100 maximal eccentric contractions of knee extensors, divided into 10 sets of 10 repetitions at intervals of 60 seconds between the series<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Omega 3 and Isolate whey protein<br>3000mg of olive oil and 23g of maltodextrin Eccentric exercise: 100 maximal eccentric contractions of knee extensors, divided into 10 sets of 10 repetitions at intervals of 60 seconds between the series | Dietary Supplement: Omega 3 and Isolate whey protein<br>* 3000mg of n-3 oil (2000mg EPA e 1000mg DHA) and 23g of protein of whey protein<br>Other: Eccentric exercise<br>* 100 maximal eccentric contractions of knee extensors, divided into 10 sets of 10 repetitions at intervals of 60 seconds between the series<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Quadriceps muscle strength evaluation (Peak Torque) | Three maximal isometric contractions of knee extensors will be performed by the isokinetic dynamometer equipment Biodex System 4 Pro (Biodex Medical Systems, USA). | One Year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Evaluation of quadriceps muscle pain (Muscle pain levels) | The assessment of pain as muscle damage marker is expressed by a visual analog scale. | One year | 
| Vastus lateralis and rectus femoris echo intensity | Ultrasound images | One year | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Eccentric exercise, Dietary supplement, Muscle damage