Effects of Eccentric Training Intervention in Older Adults

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Sarcopenia leads to loss of muscle mass and muscle strength during the aging process. It has been reported that eccentric training has some positive effects on the preservation of eccentric strength, with less delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in older groups, and lower metabolic costs.

Detailed Description
-----------------
This is prospective study. The goals of this study are to: Examine the effects of eccentric training on physical function (gait speed, stair climb, chair stand) in older adults. Examine the effects of eccentric training on muscle strength (Isometric strength, Isokinetic strength, power) in older adults.

Official Title
-----------------
Effects of Eccentric-based Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Function in Older Adults

Conditions
-----------------
Sarcopenia

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Device: Eccentric exercise
* Device: Conventional resistance exercise


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Subjects who can agree voluntarily Older men/women: Age (60 - 80 yrs) Exclusion Criteria: Uncontrolled hypertension Acute coronary syndrome Subjects who took drugs which can affects neuromuscular system Subjects who cannot agree voluntarily

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 60 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Older adults<br>Older adults (Over the 60 years), Subjects did not suffer from musculoskeletal or metabolic diseases. | Device: Eccentric exercise<br>* Eccentric exercise with Eccentron electronic device. Exercise intervention: The exercise intervention is performed to twice a week (Total 8 weeks). Exercise intensity is gradually increased to the number of times by divided into two stages (1-4 weeks; 1st stage),(5-8 weeks; 2nd stage).<br>|
| Experimental: Older adults-Control<br>Older adults (Over the 60 years), Subjects did not suffer from musculoskeletal or metabolic diseases. | Device: Conventional resistance exercise<br>* Leg press exercise with leg press machine. Exercise intervention: The exercise intervention is performed to twice a week (total 8 weeks). Exercise intensity is gradually increased to the number of times by divided into two stages (1-4 weeks; 1st stage), (5-8 weeks; 2nd stage).<br>|
| No Intervention: No intervention<br>Metabolic diseases, Hypertension (150/90mmHg), Myocardial infarction within 6 months. Fractures within 6 months. | |

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gait speed | An examiner used a stopwatch to time how long it took subjects to walk along a marked tape. The Kinect device was used to measure gait speed. | Change from baseline gaitspeed at 8 weeks | 
| Stair climb | Subjects were measured on eight 17-cm stairs twice, requiring a step by step pattern, where the timer activated when the first contact was made at the first step and ended when the contact occurred at the last step before and after the 8 weeks of exercise training. | Change from baseline stair climb at 8 weeks | 
| Chair stand | Subjects had to get up from a chair measuring 41 cm in height with a flat seat. Subjects were asked to stand up and sit down 5 times as quickly as possible with their arms folded across the chest. They stood up until full extension was observed at the trunk and lower limb joints, and returned to a seated position with their back fully supported at the back of the chair. | Change from baseline chair stand at 8 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Isokinetic knee strength | The isokinetic was measured using a baltimore therapeutic equipment (BTE) Primus RS (BTE Tech., Hanover, MD, USA). The subject performed a 60 degree per second knee flexion and extension five times. Each isokinetic contraction was performed through a full range of motion.Before each subject began the isokinetic test, the subject warmed up using a 50-60% knee extension/flexion once. Isokinetic knee strength is measured in as peak torque achieved on an isokinetic dynamometer (BTE PrimusRS, BTE tech, MD, USA) at 60 degree per second. | Change from baseline isokinetic knee strength at 8 weeks | 
| Isometric knee strength | Isometric knee strength was measured using a baltimore therapeutic equipment (BTE) Primus RS (BTE Tech., Hanover, MD, USA). The subject was asked to sit on the treatment chair and a standard stabilization strap was placed on the upper ankle. The knee was kept at 90 degree flexion, and the foot was positioned in dorsi flexion. The subject's hands were placed on the edge of the side of the chair and the trunk, hips, and mid-thigh were stabilized in the chair by the straps. | Change from baseline isometric knee strength at 8 weeks | 
| Power | The test used same machine as the isometric and isokinetic tests. The ankle was placed in a neutral position, and the subjects performed a range of motion for 10 seconds, once. After the warm up, knee extension and flexion were performed as quickly as possible during a period of 10 seconds. Isokinetic knee strength is measured in as peak torque achieved on an isokinetic dynamometer (BTE PrimusRS, BTE tech, MD, USA) at 60 degree per second. | Change from baseline power at 8 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Aging, Eccentric training, Muscle strength, Physical function, Sarcopenia