The Effect of Exparel on Post Operative Pain and Narcotic Use After Colon Surgery

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of Exparel on pain control and patient outcome after colon resection. The investigators will evaluate the clinical course of the patients who receive exparel as compared to the patients who do not receive exparel. Exparel is a 72 hour bupivacaine which is slowly released from lysosomes over the course of three days. A long acting local anesthetic should provide better pain control than conventional bupivacaine which has a 3.5 hour half-life.

Detailed Description
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Patients who are undergoing elective colon resection with Dr. Kraemer and Dr. Raman will be offered participation in the study. This will include robotic, laparoscopic and open procedures. In the pre-operative area prior to surgery, the surgical resident will inform the patient of the opportunity to participate in the research study. The resident will consent the patient at that time, if the patient chooses to participate, they will be randomized to an exparel or non-exparel group. The randomization will be done by having the resident pick an envelope that will state whether or not the patient is randomized to the exparel or non-exparel group, this will randomize to 50% in each group. The patient will not be notified of the type of local anesthetic they receive. The attending surgeon will also be blind to the type of local the pt will receive; only the resident and Operating Room (OR) staff will know what type of local anesthetic was given. Unfortunately the opaque color of the exparel precludes the physician injecting the local anesthetic from being blinded to the type of anesthetic given. The patient will be taken to the operating room as usual, and the surgery will proceed as it normally would. At the end of the surgery the patient will receive either exparel or bupivacaine depending upon which the patient was randomized to. The attending surgeon will not be in the operating suite while the local anesthetic is being injected. 30 milliliters (mL) of either exparel or bupivacaine will be injected into the subcutaneous tissues at the end of surgery. The patient will be taken to the post operative care unit (PACU), the medications for post-operative pain will be standardized between the two groups, a standard starting dose on the patient controlled analgesia (PCA) will be used, and will be adjusted as needed. The postoperative care will attempt to be standardized in regard to diet, discharge (dc) of foley, not using nasogastric (NG) tubes, however this will be based on the individual patient was what is best for their care. This data will then be analyzed to determine if exparel has a beneficial effect on surgical care.

Official Title
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The Effect of Exparel on Post Operative Pain and Narcotic Use After Colon Surgery

Conditions
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Post-operative Pain, Colon Cancer, Diverticulitis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Bupivacaine
* Drug: Bupivacaine liposome suspension


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Elective colon resection for both benign and malignant disease Laparoscopic, robotic and open techniques Exclusion Criteria: emergent colon cases cases preformed by surgeons other than Dr. Raman or Dr. Kraemer pregnant patients patients currently breast feeding patients under the age of 18 other patients unable to give informed consent bupivacaine use within 96 hours allergy to amide anesthetics prisoners caution will be used in patients with renal or hepatic failure.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Bupivacaine<br>30 milliliters (ml) of 0.5% marcaine with epinephrine | Drug: Bupivacaine<br>* 30ml of bupivacaine were injecting into the subcutaneous tissue at the incision sites after surgery in the OR<br>* Other names: Marcaine;|
| Active Comparator: Bupivacaine liposome suspension<br>exparel 20ml, diluted with 10ml sterile saline for total of 30ml | Drug: Bupivacaine liposome suspension<br>* 30ml of Bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension were injecting into the subcutaneous tissue at the incision sites after surgery in the OR<br>* Other names: Long acting Bupivacaine;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| PCA (Patient Controlled Analgesia) Usage | Will measure the amount of PCA use for the first 48 hours after surgery. | 48 hours post operatively | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Oral Pain Medications | the amount of post operative oral narcotic is measured post op | 48 hours postoperatively | 
| Total IV (Intravenous) Narcotic Used | the total amount of IV narcotic is measured that is given during post op period prior to discharge | participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 3 days | 
| Total Oral Narcotic Used |  | participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 3 days | 
| Length of Stay |  | participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 3 days | 
| Return of Bowel Function |  | participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 3 days, and the timing of return of bowel function returning will be recorded | 
| Readmission |  | 30 days post operative readmission | 
| Toradol Use |  | participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 3 days | 
| Ofirmev |  | participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 3 days, and the amount of ofirmev used during admission will be recorded | 
| Nausea Medication |  | The amount of nausea medicine used 48 hours post op was recorded | 
| Foley Catheter Removal |  | participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 3 days, the timing of foley catheter removal will be recorded | 
| Postoperative Pain | The investigators will talk to the patient after surgery immediately post operatively Post Operative Day (POD) #3-5 and POD #13-15 and ask the patients to rate their pain on a scale of 1-10. | POD #3-5 and POD #13-15 | 
| Post Operative Satisfaction | The investigators will ask the patient to rate their satisfaction with pain control. | POD #3-5 and POD #13-15 | 
| Home Oral Narcotic Use | The investigators will ask the patients how many of their narcotic pain pills they used after surgery up to the POD #13-15 | POD #13-15 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Exparel, liposomal bupivicaine, post operative pain control, local anesthetic after surgery, colorectal surgery, marcaine, long acting local anesthetic, pain medication use after surgery