The Effect of Physical Fatigue on Different Balance Tests and Brain Activity in a Healthy Population

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The main objective of this project is: 1. To assess the influence of physical fatigue on brain functioning during a balance and reaction time task in a healthy population. In a later stage, these experiments could be carried out in a clinical context (e.g. in an ankle sprain population). The researchers will use a randomized, placebo controlled, counter-balanced, cross-over design. Twenty healthy subjects will visit the lab 3 times. On the first visit (familiarisation trial), the investigators will collect the participants' characteristics. The participants will also be familiarized to the procedures and materials of the experiment during this first visit. The second and third visit contain the experimental setup and will proceed as follows: first, the participants will fill in a pre-test checklist, a mental fatigue scale (M-VAS) and motivation scale. In the mean time a little blood will be collected from the ear lobe to determine lactate and glucose levels; also, blood pressure will be checked. Next, the subjects will carry out a Y-balance test and a balance reaction-time test. Session rate of perceived exertion (SRPE) is measured to indicate how fatigued the participants feel due to the test battery; also, M-VAS is collected once more, as well blood lactate, glucose and blood pressure. These measures are followed by either a physical fatigue inducing task (Modified 30 seconds Wingate protocol) or time-matched control task (sitting on the bike without pedalling). Afterwards, researchers will collect blood lactate, glucose and blood pressure two times more; participants have to fill in M-VAS (2x), perform the same Y-balance test and balance reaction time test, and fill in the SRPE scale one more time. Heart frequency and EEG will be measured continuously during the trials.

Official Title
-----------------
The Influence of Acute Physical Fatigue on Different Balance Tests and Brain Activity During These Balance Tests in a Healthy Population

Conditions
-----------------
Physical Fatigue, Return to Sport, Injury Prevention, EEG, Brain Activity, Balance

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Behavioral: Physical Fatigue
* Behavioral: Control


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Healthy (No neurological/cardiorespiratory/psychological/musculoskeletal disorders) Male and female No medication Non-smoker Between 18 and 35 years old Exclusion Criteria: Back and/or lower extremity injuries during the past 6 months Bone/joint abnormalities Dizziness, history of loss of consciousness, any inner ear disorders Nervous system disorders or dysfunctions Uncorrected eye disorders/dysfunctions Illness Use of medication or any kind of drugs Use of alcohol, caffeine and heavy efforts 24 hours before each trial Not eating the same meal the night before and the morning of each experimental trial

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Physical Fatigue Condition<br> | Behavioral: Physical Fatigue<br>* Maximal cycling effort for 30s (Wingate modified)<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Control Condition<br> | Behavioral: Control<br>* time-matched task (sitting on the bike without pedalling)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Y-balance test | Balance and reach performance; participants have to maintain their balance while reaching as far as possible along 3 different directions | Change in Y-balance performance: from baseline and 20 minutes after baseline (immediately after the assigned interventions) | 
| Balance-reaction time test | Balance and reaction time performance; participants have to maintain their balance while reacting as fast as possible in 3 different directions. | Change in balance and reaction time performance: from baseline and 20 minutes after baseline (immediately after the assigned interventions) | 
| EEG power spectrum analysis | Brain activity during the Y-balance test and balance-reaction time test will be registered at baseline and immediately after the assigned interventions. | Change in EEG power spectrum: from baseline and 20 minutes after baseline (immediately after the assigned interventions) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mental fatigue Visual Analogue Scale (M-VAS) | Subjective measure of mental fatigue (0-10cm; 0 = no mental fatigue; 10 = maximal mental fatigue) | Change in M-VAS: at baseline, 10 min after baseline (immediately after the first two balance tests), 15 min after baseline (immediately after the assigned interventions) and 25 min after baseline (immediately after the final 2 balance tests) | 
| Perception of effort (Session RPE) | Subjective measure of effort after completion of the test battery (scale from 0 to 10; 0 = very very easy; 10 = maximal effort) | Change in session RPE: at baseline (immediately after the first two balance tests), and 15 min after baseline (immediately after the final 2 balance tests) | 
| Self-reported motivation | Subjective measure of motivation assessed with the self-reported Motivation scale of Matthews et al.. (the questionnaire measures 2 constructs: intrinsic motivation and task succes motivation;the questionnaire comprises 14 questions scored from 0 to 4 [0 = not all motivated, while 4 = maximally motivated]. Each construct contains 7 questions). | At baseline: prior to the first test battery | 
| Blood lactate | Capillary blood will be collected at the ear lobe for the determination of blood lactate (determined enzymatically) | Blood lactate changes: at baseline, 10 min after baseline (immediately after the first two balance tests), 15 min after baseline (immediately after assigned interventions) and 25 min after baseline (immediately after the final two balance tests | 
| Blood glucose | Capillary blood will be collected at the ear lobe for the determination of blood glucose concentration | Blood glucose changes: at baseline, 10 min after baseline (immediately after the first two balance tests), 15 min after baseline (immediately after assigned interventions) and 25 min after baseline (immediately after the final two balance tests) | 
| Blood pressure | Objective measure of blood pressure via eletronic blood pressure measuring device | Blood pressure change: at baseline, 10 min after baseline (immediately after the first two balance tests), 15 min after baseline (immediately after assigned interventions) and 25 min after baseline (immediately after the final two balance tests) |