Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Abdominal Fat Loss

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Study the effects of different exercise modes on total and regional adiposity variation in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (VAT and SAT). The investigators hypothesize that total abdominal will improve for all the exercise groups compared to the control group. When comparing intervention groups: 1) no differences on the degree of improvement in total abdominal fat depots (VAT and SAT) 2) different degree of change when comparing specific sections at VAT and SAT are expected.

Official Title
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Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Abdominal Fat Loss

Conditions
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Obesity, Abdominal

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Resistance Training
* Other: Aerobic Training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 30 - 39.9 kg/m2 BMI White/Caucasian Female Sedentary Exclusion Criteria: Known cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic disease Pregnant females Any excluded criteria with MRI scans (i.e. certain metal implants, recent tattoos) Diabetic Hypertension Cigarette smoking MRI related contraindications (metal, no removable devices, etc.)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Aerobic Training Group<br>Aerobic interval training will consist of 3 sessions/week for 3 weeks for approximately 45-50 minutes per session depending on exercise energy expenditure. There will be two periods of intervals. The first period will be 3 minutes of high-intensity activity and the second period will be reduced to moderate-intensity for 2 minutes. The speed/incline will change depending on the participants perception or Borg's rating of perceived exertion. Intensity will be measured using Lactate levels after each session. | Other: Aerobic Training<br>* Aerobic Interval Training Group<br>|
| No Intervention: Control Group<br>The control group must attend sessions but will not exercise. | |
| Experimental: Resistance Training Group<br>Resistance training will consist of 3 whole body circuits per week for 3 weeks lasting approximately 1 hour per session. All major muscle groups will be involved (leg press, bent-over-row, bench press, back squat, dumbbell jump squats, dead-lifts, and weighted abdominal crunches). Each participant will go through each circuit three times with 30 seconds between each exercise and 2 minutes between each set. | Other: Resistance Training<br>* High-intensity Resistance Training Group<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes in Visceral Abdominal Tissue (VAT) | Changes in VAT will be measured using Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 2 assessment periods: at baseline and week 4 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes in Subcutaneous Abdominal Tissue (SAT) | Changes in SAT will be measured using Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 2 assessment periods: at baseline and week 4 | 
| Changes in Muscular Strength | Changes in muscular strength will be assessed by one-repetition maximum test on leg press and bench press | 2 assessment periods: at baseline and week 4 | 
| Changes in Cardiorespiratory Function | Changes in cardiorespiratory will measured on a treadmill with a metabolic cart | 2 assessment periods: at baseline and week 4 | 
| Changes in fat mass (kg) | Changes in fat mass will be measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry | 2 assessment periods: at baseline and week 4 | 
| Changes in relative body fat (%BF) | Changes in body composition (relative body fat, lean body mass and fat mass) will be measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry | 2 assessment periods: at baseline and week 4 | 
| Changes in relative lean body mass (kg) | Changes in lean body mass will be measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry | 2 assessment periods: at baseline and week 4 | 
| Changes in Lipid profile (TG, Total Cholesterol, HDL2 HDL3, LDL) | Samples will be processed to obtain serum and plasma, and stored at -80°c until analysis | 2 assessment periods: at baseline and week 4 | 
| Changes in concentration of Troponin | Will be performed using a Luminex MAGPIX System with xPONENT 4.2 | 2 assessment periods: at baseline and week 4 | 
| Changes in concentration of Fibrinogen | Will be performed using a Luminex MAGPIX System with xPONENT 4.2 | 2 assessment periods: at baseline and week 4 | 
| Changes in concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) | Will be performed using a Luminex MAGPIX System with xPONENT 4.2 | 2 assessment periods: at baseline and week 4 | 
| Changes in concentration of IL-6 | Will be performed using a Luminex MAGPIX System with xPONENT 4.2 | 2 assessment periods: at baseline and week 4 | 
| Changes in concentration of IL-10 | Will be performed using a Luminex MAGPIX System with xPONENT 4.2 | 2 assessment periods: at baseline and week 4 | 
| Changes in concentration of TNF-alpha | Will be performed using a Luminex MAGPIX System with xPONENT 4.2 | 2 assessment periods: at baseline and week 4 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Abdominal Fat, Visceral Adipose Tissue, Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue, Exercise, Intervention