Procoagulant Activity in Patients With Community Acquired Pneumonia, Pleural Effusion and Empyema

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is still one of the most important causes of morbidity in adults. (1) In severe cases, parapneumonic effusions or empyema may develop. In these patients, a transitional fibrin neomatrix constitutes part of the acute inflammatory response as seen in sepsis. The aim is to study the fibrinolytic activity in patients with CAP alone versus CAP with parapneumonic effusions with and without empyema.

Detailed Description
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Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is still one of the most important causes of morbidity in adults. (1) In severe cases, parapneumonic effusions or empyema may develop. In these patients, a transitional fibrin neomatrix constitutes part of the acute inflammatory response as seen in sepsis. (2) The increased vascular permeability, mediated by several cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and platelet activator factor, allows migration of inflammatory cells, an increased fluid accumulation and bacterial invasion into pleural space. (3) At this stage, activation of the coagulation cascade leads to procoagulant activity and decreased fibrinolysis with deposition of fibrin in the pleural space. The activation of the fibrinolytic system produce the D-dimer and follow by increased other procoagulant markers like thrombin anti thrombin, fragment 1.2 (4-5) Several studies showed that the plasma D-dimer levels were increased even in community-acquired pneumonia patients. Moreover, others reported that Serum levels of AT-III, D-D and CRP at admission appear to be useful biomarkers for assessing the severity of CAP. However, no data exists about the fibrinolytic profile in patients with CAP alone in compare to CAP with parapneumonic effusion with and without empyema. Aim: To study the fibrinolytic activity in patients with CAP alone versus CAP with parapneumonic effusions with and without empyema.

Official Title
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Procoagulant Activity in Patients With Community Acquired Pneumonia, Pleural Effusion and Empyema

Conditions
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Pneumonia, Pleural Effusion, Empyema

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: All patients that will be admitted with CAP to the pulmonary department in Meir Medical Center and have no exclusion criteria will be included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: Patients younger than 18 years old Patients with anticoagulant treatment, primary coagulopathy, nephrotic syndrome, surgery, other infection in the month preceding the study, an abnormal liver or renal function test(s), a history of deep vein thrombosis in the last year or patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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fibrinolytic activity, Community acquired pneumonia (CAP), Pleural effusion