Postoperative Pain After Vitreoretinal Surgery

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Postoperative pain (POP) is frequently underestimated in general and little data are available particularly for POP after vitreoretinal surgery (VRS). The investigators will conduct a 1-year retrospective study on patients undergoing VRS at Careggi Hospital . The aim of the study will be to observe the amount of POP, its time course, factors associated with its appearance and finally the efficacy of the pain protocol that is in use.

Detailed Description
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Post-operative pain (POP) is frequently underestimated, mostly after eye surgery, a type of surgery in which trauma is limited and pain is not investigated as patients are often discharged from the hospital within a few hours. Good POP management can improve clinical outcome and patients' satisfaction and constitutes essential criteria for hospital discharge after day-case or ambulatory surgery. Little data are available particularly for POP after vitreoretinal surgery (VRS). The investigators will conduct a 1-year retrospective study on patients undergoing VRS at Careggi Hospital , a teaching University Hospital in Italy. The aim of the study will be to observe the amount of POP after VRS, its time course, factors associated with its appearance and finally the efficacy of the pain protocol that is in use. Pain will be evaluated according to the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), a 11-point numeric scale ranging from '0' which represents no pain and '10' which represents extreme pain at several intervals after surgery. Analgesic consumption (in terms of type and amount of analgesics) and the efficacy of the analgesic protocol in use will also be recorded. Factors possibly associated with POP (such as duration of surgery, presence of comorbidities, ASA physical status, age, type of anesthesia (locoregional or general anesthesia)) will be analyzed. The associations between the principal outcome (amount of POP) and risk factors will be evaluated using a simple and multiple logistic regression model.

Official Title
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Postoperative Pain After Vitreo-retinal Surgery is Influenced by Duration of Surgery and Anaesthesia Conduction: a 1-year Retrospective Study.

Conditions
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Postoperative Pain, Retinal Detachment

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Numerical rating scale


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Vitreoretinal surgery Exclusion Criteria: ASA IV

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Other: Numerical rating scale|Measure of postoperative pain|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| postoperative pain | Numerical Rating Scale (NRS, a verbal numerical scale ranging from 0 to10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 the maximal possible pain ) | first day following surgery | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| age | years | day of surgery | 
| duration of surgery | minutes | day of surgery | 
| ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) PHYSICAL STATUS CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM I-IV (with I indicating a normal healthy patient and IV a patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life) | I-IV (I : healthy patient; IV: worse state of health) | day of surgery | 
| comorbidities | presence | day of surgery | 
| type of anesthesia | general anesthesia | day of surgery | 
| type of anesthesia | locoregional anesthesia | day of surgery | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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eye surgery, vitrectomy, pain control protocol, postoperative pain