The Effect of Preoperative Nursing Visit on Anxiety and Pain Level of Patients After Surgery

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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A nursing visit is a method used for psychological preparation and information of patients. During nursing visits, the operating room nurse visits the patient before the surgery, informs the patient about the surgical process and nursing care practices and gives education. The study was conducted to determine the effect of nursing visit before laparoscopic surgery on the anxiety and pain level of the patient in the postoperative period.

Detailed Description
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In this study, a structured education program was created, the visiting nurse was ensured to be the nurse who is involved in the patient's surgery, and the levels of anxiety and pain were evaluated according to objective criteria in the postoperative period on the patient group planned for laparoscopic surgery. The study was conducted with 135 patients, 72 in the experimental group and 63 in the control group. The website https://www.randomlists.com/random-letters was used during the randomization of the patients. The patients were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups according to their sequence numbers. For the standardization of patient education, an education booklet was prepared in line with the literature, and the final version was prepared by consulting experts. The experimental group was educated by visits of the operating room nurse. The control group was educated by the service nurse. Data were collected with state-trait anxiety inventory and visual analog scale. Visual analog scale (VAS)- The scale, which is used to evaluate the pain intensity, aims to explain the patient's pain in numbers. The scale requires the patient to score the pain as the absence of pain starting from 0 (zero) and unbearable pain to be evaluated over 10 (ten) points Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - Anxiety inventory was developed by Spielberg et al. in 1970 and adapted into Turkish by Oner and Le Compte in 1977. This inventory is a four-degree Likert type scale ranging from Almost never to Almost always. In the state anxiety scale, the individual evaluates how he/she feels right now. The total score obtained from each scale varies between 20 and 80. A high score indicates a high anxiety level, a low score indicates a low anxiety level The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was applied before the patient education and the State Anxiety Inventory after the education. The pain was monitored in accordance with the surgical patient follow-up protocol for 24 hours postoperatively, and the State Anxiety Inventory was applied again 24 hours after surgery.

Official Title
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The Effect of Preoperative Nursing Visit on Anxiety and Pain Level of Patients After Surgery

Conditions
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Nurse-Patient Relations

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Control-Service Nurse Group
* Procedure: Nursing Visiting Group


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients who were 18 years old and above who could speak Turkish and who were able to communicate underwent laparoscopic general surgery (such as laparoscopic cholecystectomy, colon, inguinal hernia, appendectomy, incisional hernia, sleeve gastrectomy) were included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: Emergency and unplanned cases, patients transferred to the intensive care unit after surgery, patients with neurological or psychological problems were excluded from the research.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Control-Service Nurse Group<br>Patient education lasting 20-30 minutes was provided by the nurse who gives care in the surgical inpatient floor before the surgery. The nurse provided the patient's admission to the postoperative surgical inpatient floor and follow-up. | Procedure: Control-Service Nurse Group<br>* Processing Steps The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was applied before the patient education The State Anxiety Inventory was applied after the education. The pain was monitored in accordance with the surgical patient follow-up protocol for 24 hours postoperatively The State Anxiety Inventory was applied again 24 hours after surgery.<br>|
| Experimental: Experimental-Nursing Visiting Group<br>The nursing visit was done by the operating room nurse who will be involved in the patient's surgery, and the patient education lasted 20-30 minutes. The nurse, who carried out the nursing visit, welcomed the patient in the operating room, was next to the patient before anesthesia, and followed the patient to the recovery room after surgery. | Procedure: Nursing Visiting Group<br>* Processing Steps The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was applied before the patient education The State Anxiety Inventory was applied after the education. The pain was monitored in accordance with the surgical patient follow-up protocol for 24 hours postoperatively The State Anxiety Inventory was applied again 24 hours after surgery.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in State Anxiety Level | State Anxiety Level is evaluated by Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - This inventory is a four-degree Likert type scale ranging from Almost never to Almost always. In the state anxiety scale, the individual evaluates how he/she feels right now. The total score obtained from each scale varies between 20 and 80. A high score indicates a high anxiety level, a low score indicates a low anxiety level. Before, the patient education (before surgery) After, the education (before surgery) 24 hours after surgery. | Baseline to 24 hours postoperative | 
| Change in Pain Score | Pain score is evaluated by Visual analog scale (VAS). The scale, which is used to evaluate the pain intensity, aims to explain the patient's pain in numbers. The scale requires the patient to score the pain as the absence of pain starting from 0 (zero) and unbearable pain to be evaluated over 10 (ten) points. Immediately after surger: Every 1 hour and 15 minutes after being admitted to the surgical inpatient floor (15 minutes-30 minutes-45 minutes-60 minutes), every next 2 hours and 30 minutes (90 mins-120 mins-150 mins-180 mins), every next 4 hours (4th-5th-6th-7th hour), every next 4 hours (11th-15th-19th-24th hours). Data were collected between the zero and 24 hours. | Baseline to 24 hours postoperative | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Operating room nurse, Nursing visit, Laparoscopic surgery, Patient education