The Clinical Research on the Relationship Between Depression and Gut Microbiota in TBI Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Microbiome studies may be highlighted as crucial in the development of depression for TBI patients. The microbiota-gut-brain connection may further provide an opportunity for microbiota manipulation to treat the TBI patients with depression.This study is to investigate whether exist the relationship between depression and circadian rhythm of patients with TBI or not and focus the study on the potential of the host-microbiota interaction in regulating depression.

Detailed Description
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Neuroscientists are probing the connections between intestinal microbes and brain development. The general scaffolding of the brain-gut-enteric microbiota axis includes the central nervous system (CNS), the neuroendocrine and neuroimmune systems,the sympathetic and parasympathetic arms of the autonomic nervous system (ANS),the enteric nervous system (ENS), and of course the intestinal microbiota. These components interact to form a complex reflex network with afferent fibers that project to integrative CNS structures and efferent projections to the smooth muscle. Gut microbiota regulates intestinal and extraintestinal homeostasis. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may also regulate brain function and behavior. Results from animal models indicate that disturbances in the composition and functionality of some microbiota members are associated with neurophysiological disorders, strengthening the idea of a microbiota-gut-brain axis and the role of microbiota as apeacekeeper in the brain health. It is now clear that the gut-brain communication is bidirectional. On one hand, changes in the microbial community affect behavior. On the other hand, perturbations in behavior alter the composition of the gut microbiota. Since changes in the composition of the gut microbiota are associated with the behavioral and cognitive alterations, a healthy microbiota community is essential for a normal regulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Among the potential factors regulating the axis, microbial metabolites may be the major mediators. Seven million traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) occur each year in the many countries. One of the most common sequelae in patients exposed to TBI is post-traumatic brain syndrome, which is especially common following mild TBI. And the common one is depression.Depression is governed by the intricate interplay between sleep wake homeostasis and circadian rhythms in the body. These rhythms are largely controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus. Clock genes form the molecular machinery of this circadian system, operating via autoregulatory feedback loops. Among the vertebrate peripheral tissues that express circadian rhythms is the gastrointestinal system, which exhibit circadian rhythms in gene expression (including clock genes), motility and secretion in vivo and in vitro. These rhythms depend upon a patent molecular clock and they are also coordinated by SCN input via the sympathetic nervous system. The emerging role of the gut microbiome as an important modulator of gastrointestinal function has recently included the role of circadian rhythms. Recent studies have suggested that microbial signaling plays a critical role in homeostatic maintenance of intestinal function along with the host circadian mechanism.

Official Title
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The Clinical Research on the Relationship Between Depression and Gut Microbiota in TBI Patients

Conditions
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Traumatic Brain Injury With Brief Loss of Consciousness

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: The TBI patients with depression


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: The mild TBI (mTBI) patients (a short loss of consciousness (<30 min), and/or a short post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) (< 24 h), a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score between 13 and 15) clinical diagnosis of depression Exclusion Criteria: the moderate and severe TBI patients.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| TBI Patients with depression<br>All the patients should be diagnosed by CCMD-3(evaluation of depression) | Other: The TBI patients with depression<br>* The study is to investigate whether exist the relationship between depression and circadian rhythm of patients with TBI or not.<br>|
| TBI Patients without depression<br> | Other: The TBI patients with depression<br>* The study is to investigate whether exist the relationship between depression and circadian rhythm of patients with TBI or not.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| the relationship between depression and circadian rhythm of patients with TBI |  | From three months to six months after traumatic brain injury | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| the relationship between gut microbiota and circadian rhythm of patients with TBI |  | From three months to six months after traumatic brain injury | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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gut microbiota, depression, gut-brain axis, circadian rhythm, Traumatic Brain Injury