Resilience to Sleep Deprivation and Changes in Sleep Architecture in Shoonya Meditators

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study aims to investigate the effect of a 15-minute meditation practice on sleep architecture and high-frequency Heart Rate Variability (HF-HRV), as well as cognitive performance after both a well-rested and sleep-deprived night.

Detailed Description
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Sleep is physiologically important for memory consolidation, mood and hormonal regulation, and maintaining low levels of systemic inflammation. However, a substantial proportion of people are reported to regularly sleep less than the recommended 7-9 hours a night. Meditation may be a means to mitigate the negative effects of sleep deprivation, as many types of meditations are associated with increasing high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), which is an index of parasympathetic control of the heart. Greater parasympathetic drive may be associated with physiological buffering of the detrimental effects of sleep deprivation. The investigators want to conduct a prospective cohort study where subjects are asked to learn and practice a 15-minute meditation (shoonya meditation) or continue their usual routine. Subjects will be asked to complete some cognitive tests before and after a night of sleep and a night of sleep deprivation. During the night of sleep, participants will undergo polysomnography recording for sleep architecture and quality. The intervention group will be asked to undergo these same study procedures after 2 months of meditation practice. The control group, which continues their usual routine, will only undergo one visit.

Official Title
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Resilience to Sleep Deprivation and Changes in Sleep Architecture in Shoonya Meditators

Conditions
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Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Cognitive Change

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Nap Practitioners
* Behavioral: Shoonya Meditation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Shoonya meditation program participants/individuals eligible to participate who are healthy adults of age 18 or older, and reside in the United States. Participants must be able and willing to travel to Boston. Nap Group: Healthy adults of age 18 or older that reside in the United States, nap regularly (at least 3 times a week), and do not meditate regularly. Exclusion Criteria: History of any neurological condition (i.e. Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, brain tumors, brain surgery, or multiple sclerosis) History of any psychiatric disorder, within last 5 years (i.e. anxiety, psychosis, posttraumatic stress disorder, attention deficit hyperactive disorder) Current use of cognition enhancing medications Active history (within the last 5 years) of alcohol or drug abuse (> 10 drinks per week) History (within the last 5 years) of stroke/aneurysm Recent history (< 3 months) of seizures 60 years of age or older History of Heart Attack and Ejection Fraction less than or equal to 30% Pregnancy Non-English speaking History/Diagnosis of any sleep disorder Consumption of 3 or more cups of coffee a day Previously learned shoonya meditation (for the meditator groups)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Sham Comparator: Nap Practitioners<br>This is an observational arm of regular nappers. Individuals that take naps at least two times a week will be invited to undergo all of the study procedures for one weekend of data collection. | Behavioral: Nap Practitioners<br>* Regular nappers will be given a 30 minute nap opportunity to nap for as long as they please.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Shoonya Meditators<br>This is intervention arm. Participants will learn and practice the fifteen minute shoonya meditation - described as a process of conscious non-doing- and shakti chalana kriya, which is a set of breathing exercises designed as a preparatory practice to shoonya meditation. Participants will practice shoonya meditation twice a day for two months. A weekend of data collection will happen at baseline and two months after they learn the practice. | Behavioral: Shoonya Meditation<br>* This is a 15 minute meditation, described as a process of conscious non-doing.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control Meditators<br>Control subjects will be individuals that have learned the prerequisite meditation to Shoonya meditation. This meditation is called Shambhavi Mahamudra Kriya. Control subjects will not learn Shoonya meditation while they are participating in the study. One weekend of data collection will occur at baseline. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Error frequency Change: Go-No Go Task | The primary outcome is the difference in number of commission and omission errors on the Go-No Go task. The difference in scores pre- and post-sleep deprivation will be analyzed between the control and intervention group. | 2 months post learning meditation | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Reaction Time Change: Go-No Go | The difference in reaction times on the Go-No Go task. The difference in scores pre- and post-sleep deprivation will compared between the control and intervention groups. | 2 months post learning meditation | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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sleep, sleep disorder, sleep deprivation, Meditation, Shoonya meditation