KIVEXA Vs TRUVADA, Both Administered With Efavirenz, In ART-Naive Subjects

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Recently, the fixed-dose combinations (FDC) KIVEXA™ (abacavir/lamivudine) and TRUVADA (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine) have facilitated the usage of once-daily regimens. However data from head-to-head randomized trials comparing these two FDCs as part of an initial regimen are not available at present. The long-term toxicity profiles of these regimens are of particular importance, as treatment of HIV is currently life-long and therefore, minimizing long-term toxicity and maximizing adherence and duration of regimen maintenance are critical therapy objectives. The primary endpoint is estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as measured by the modified diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation, a validated estimate of renal function.

Detailed Description
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ViiV Healthcare is the new sponsor of this study, and GlaxoSmithKline is in the process of updating systems to reflect the change in sponsorship.

Official Title
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Study of Once-Daily Abacavir/Lamivudine Versus Tenofovir/Emtricitabine, Administered With Efavirenz in Antiretroviral-Naive, HIV-1 Infected Adult Subjects

Conditions
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Infection, Human Immunodeficiency Virus I, HIV Infection

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Abacavir/lamivudine and efavirenz
* Drug: Tenofovir/Emtricitabine and efavirenz


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Subject is at least 18 years of age. Subject is antiretroviral-naïve (defined as having no previous therapy with any NNRTI and 14 days of prior therapy with any other antiretroviral). Subject has plasma HIV-1 RNA 1,000 copies/mL at screening. This test may be repeated once within the 45-day screening window. Subject is willing and able to understand and provide written informed consent prior to participation in this study. A female is eligible to enter and participate in the study if she is of: Non-childbearing potential (i.e., physiologically incapable of becoming pregnant, including any female who is post-menopausal); or, Child-bearing potential, has a negative pregnancy test at screen and agrees to one of the following methods of contraception (any contraception method must be used consistently and correctly, i.e., in accordance with both the approved product label and the instructions of a physician): Complete abstinence from intercourse from 2 weeks prior to administration of the investigational products, throughout the study, and for at least 2 weeks after discontinuation of all study medications Double barrier method (male condom/spermicide, male condom/diaphragm, diaphragm/spermicide). Hormonal contraception will not be considered adequate for inclusion into this study Any intrauterine device (IUD) with published data showing that the expected failure rate is <1% per year. Sterilization (female subject or male partner of female subject). Prior to randomization, subjects must have been screened and be negative for the HLA-B*5701 allele. Test may be performed by local laboratory and results must be available for source document verification according to local practices. Exclusion Criteria: Subject is in the initial acute phase of a CDC Clinical Category C infection at Baseline. Subject is enrolled in one or more investigational drug protocols, which may impact HIV RNA suppression. Subject is, in the opinion of the Investigator, unable to complete the study dosing period and protocol evaluations and assessments. Subject is either pregnant or breastfeeding. Subject suffers from a serious medical condition, which in the opinion of the Investigator would compromise the safety of the subject. Subject has a history of inflammatory bowel disease or other gastrointestinal dysfunction. Subject has any acute laboratory abnormality at screening. Subject has an estimated creatinine clearance within the screening period <50mL/min via the Cockcroft-Gault method. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >5 times the upper limit of normal. Subjects with a history of thyroid disease, hyperparathyroid disease, chronic hyper or hypocalcemia, vitamin D deficiency, or receiving thyroid hormone or parathyroid hormone replacement within 28 days prior to screening. Subjects with a history of systemic inflammatory arthritis. Subjects who are hepatitis B positive at screening. Subject requires treatment with radiation therapy or cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Subject has received treatment with an HIV-1 immunotherapeutic vaccine or any agents with documented activity against HIV-1 in vitro within 28 days prior to Screening, or an anticipated need during the study. Subjects who require treatment with any of the following medications within 28 days of commencement of investigational product, or an anticipated need during the study: Medications with significant drug-drug interactions with efavirenz:voriconazole, terfenadine, astemizole, cisapride, ergot alkaloids (dihydroergotamine, ergonovine, ergotamine, methylergonovine), midazolam, triazolam, St. John's wort, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, rifampin, pimozide, bepridil Medications which may impact on bone mineral density: oral or systemic corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, heparin, warfarin, cyclosporine, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, Vitamin D supplements and analogues, Calcium supplements, oestrogen or progesterone replacement (oral hormonal contraception permitted), raloxifene, tamoxifen, testosterone or anabolic steroid replacement/supplements. Systemic interleukins or interferons Subject has a history of allergy to any of the protocol-specified medications or any excipients therein. Subject has evidence of genotypic resistance at screening (according to central lab interpretation) or prior documented evidence of genotypic and/or phenotypic (above threshold for reduced susceptibility) resistance to any of the following drugs: efavirenz, abacavir, lamivudine, tenofovir, emtricitabine. Subjects who are unsuitable for DEXA scanning should be excluded, including 1) Less than three vertebra in the range of L1 to L4 that are suitable for BMD measurement by DEXA, or 2) Bilateral hip replacement. The subject has previously participated in an experimental drug and/or vaccine trial(s) within 60 days or 5 half-lives, or twice the duration of the biological effect of the experimental drug or vaccine - whichever is longer, prior to screening for the study. The subject will participate simultaneously in another clinical study.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: ABC/3TC + EFV<br> | Drug: Abacavir/lamivudine and efavirenz<br> <br> |
| Active Comparator: TDF/FTC + EFV<br> | Drug: Tenofovir/Emtricitabine and efavirenz<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mean Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), Calculated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Equation, at Week 48 | Change from baseline was calculated as the Week 48 value minus the baseline value. GFR is a measure of the rate at which blood is filtered by the kidney. MDRD is an equation (calculation) used to estimate GFR in participants with impaired renal function based on serum creatinine, age, race, and gender. GFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2) = 175 * (Scr)^-1.154 * (Age)^-0.203 * (0.742 if female) * (1.212 if African American) (conventional units). mL, milliliters; min, minute; m^2, meters squared; Scr, serum creatinine; BMI, body mass index. | Baseline, Week 48 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mean Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), Calculated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Equation, at Week 24 | Change from baseline was calculated as the Week 24 value minus the baseline value. GFR is a measure of the rate at which blood is filtered by the kidney. MDRD is an equation (calculation) used to estimate GFR in participants with impaired renal function based on serum creatinine, age, race, and gender. GFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2) = 175 * (Scr)^-1.154 * (Age)^-0.203 * (0.742 if female) * (1.212 if African American) (conventional units). mL, milliliters; min, minute; m^2, meters squared; Scr, serum creatinine. | Baseline, Week 24 | 
| Mean Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), Calculated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Equation, at Week 96 | Change from baseline was calculated as the Week 96 value minus the baseline value. GFR is a measure of the rate at which blood is filtered by the kidney. MDRD is an equation (calculation) used to estimate GFR in participants with impaired renal function based on serum creatinine, age, race, and gender. GFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2) = 175 * (Scr)^-1.154 * (Age)^-0.203 * (0.742 if female) * (1.212 if African American) (conventional units). mL, milliliters; min, minute; m^s, meters squared; Scr, serum creatinine. | Baseline, Week 96 | 
| Mean Change From Baseline in Estimated GFR, Calculated by Cockcroft-Gault Equation, at Week 24 | Change from baseline was calculated as the Week 24 value minus the baseline value. Cockcroft-Gault is an equation (calculation) used to estimate GFR based on serum creatinine, weight, and gender. GFR = (140 - age) * (mass in kg) * (0.85 if female) divided by 72 * serum creatinine in mg/dL. mg, milligram; dL, deciliter; kg, kilogram; CG, Cockcroft-Gault. | Baseline, Week 24 | 
| Mean Change From Baseline in Estimated GFR, Calculated by Cockcroft-Gault Equation, at Week 48 | Change from baseline was calculated as the Week 48 value minus the baseline value. Cockcroft-Gault is an equation (calculation) used to estimate GFR based on serum creatinine, weight, and gender. GFR = (140 - age) * (mass in kg) * (0.85 if female) divided by 72 * serum creatinine in mg/dL. mg, milligram; dL, deciliter; kg, kilogram. | Baseline, Week 48 | 
| Mean Change From Baseline in Estimated GFR, Calculated by Cockcroft-Gault Equation, at Week 96 | Change from baseline was calculated as the Week 96 value minus the baseline value. Cockcroft-Gault is an equation (calculation) used to estimate GFR based on serum creatinine, weight, and gender. GFR = (140 - age) * (mass in kg) * (0.85 if female) divided by 72 * serum creatinine in mg/dL. mg, milligram; dL, deciliter; kg, kilogram. | Baseline, Week 96 | 
| Number of Participants With Decline From Baseline in Estimated GFR, Calculated by MDRD and Cockcroft-Gault Equations, of >=10 mL/Min/1.73 m^2 (mL/Min for Cockcroft-Gault), >=20 mL/Min/1.72 m^2, >=10%, and >=20% at Week 24 | mL, milliliter; min, minute; m^2, meters squared | Baseline, Week 24 | 
| Number of Participants With Decline From Baseline in Estimated GFR, Calculated by MDRD and Cockcroft-Gault Equations, of >=10 mL/Min/1.73m^2 (mL/Min for Cockcroft-Gault), >=20 mL/Min/1.72m^2, >=10%, and >=20% at Week 48 | mL, milliliter; min, minute; m^2, meters squared | Baseline, Week 48 | 
| Number of Participants With Decline From Baseline in Estimated GFR, Calculated by MDRD and Cockcroft-Gault Equations, of >=10 mL/Min/1.73m^2 (mL/Min for Cockcroft-Gault), >=20 mL/Min/1.72m^2, >=10%, and >=20% at Week 96 | mL, milliliter; min, minute; m^2, meters squared | Baseline, Week 96 | 
| Number of Participants With National Kidney Foundation Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Categories of Renal Function at Week 24 | Normal: GFR >=60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 and creatinine ratio <=200 mg/g GFR; Stage 1: GFR >=90 mL/min/1.73 m^2 and creatinine ratio >200 mg/g; Stage 2: GFR >=60-<90 mL/min/1.73 m^2 and creatinine ratio >200 mg/g; Stage 3: GFR >=30-<60 mL/min/1.73 m^2; Stage 4: GFR >=15-<30 mL/min/1.73 m^2; Stage 5: GFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m^2. mL, milliliter; min, minute; m^2, meters squared; mg, milligram; g, gram. | Baseline, Week 24 | 
| Number of Participants With National Kidney Foundation Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Categories of Renal Function at Week 48 | Normal: GFR >=60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 and creatinine ratio <=200 mg/g GFR; Stage 1: GFR >=90 mL/min/1.73 m^2 and creatinine ratio >200 mg/g; Stage 2: GFR >=60-<90 mL/min/1.73 m^2 and creatinine ratio >200 mg/g; Stage 3: GFR >=30-<60 mL/min/1.73 m^2; Stage 4: GFR >=15-<30 mL/min/1.73 m^2; Stage 5: GFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m^2. mL, milliliter; min, minute; m^2, meters squared; mg, milligram; g, gram. | Baseline, Week 48 | 
| Number of Participants With National Kidney Foundation Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Categories of Renal Function at Week 96 | Normal: GFR >=60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 and creatinine ratio <=200 mg/g GFR; Stage 1: GFR >=90 mL/min/1.73 m^2 and creatinine ratio >200 mg/g; Stage 2: GFR >=60-<90 mL/min/1.73 m^2 and creatinine ratio >200 mg/g; Stage 3: GFR >=30-<60 mL/min/1.73 m^2; Stage 4: GFR >=15-<30 mL/min/1.73 m^2; Stage 5: GFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m^2. mL, milliliter; min, minute; m^2, meters squared; mg, milligram; g, gram. | Baseline, Week 96 | 
| Percent Change From Baseline in Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), at Week 24 | BMD is a measure (grams [g] per centimeters cubed [cm^3]) of the mineral content of bone in a particular skeletal area. DXA scans use low energy x-rays to measure the density of bones. The standard error (SE) of both treatment groups was based on the model on the log scale. | Baseline, Week 24 | 
| Percent Change From Baseline in Hip Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), at Week 24 | BMD is a measure (grams per cm^3) of the mineral content of bone in a particular skeletal area. DXA scans use low energy x-rays to measure the density of bones. The standard error (SE) of both treatment groups was based on the model on the log scale. | Baseline, Week 24 | 
| Percent Change From Baseline in Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), at Week 48 | BMD is a measure (grams per cm^3) of the mineral content of bone in a particular skeletal area. DXA scans use low energy x-rays to measure the density of bones. The standard error (SE) of both treatment groups was based on the model on the log scale. | Baseline, Week 48 | 
| Percent Change From Baseline in Hip Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), at Week 48 | BMD is a measure (grams per cm^3) of the mineral content of bone in a particular skeletal area. DXA scans use low energy x-rays to measure the density of bones. The standard error (SE) of both treatment groups was based on the model on the log scale. | Baseline, Week 48 | 
| Percent Change From Baseline in Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), at Week 96 | BMD is a measure (grams per cm^3) of the mineral content of bone in a particular skeletal area. DXA scans use low energy x-rays to measure the density of bones. The standard error (SE) of both treatment groups was based on the model on the log scale. | Baseline, Week 96 | 
| Percent Change From Baseline in Hip Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), at Week 96 | BMD is a measure (grams per cm^3) of the mineral content of bone in a particular skeletal area. DXA scans use low energy x-rays to measure the density of bones. The standard error (SE) of both treatment groups was based on the model on the log scale. | Baseline, Week 96 | 
| Number of Participants With a Decline From Baseline in Lumbar Spine and Hip Bone Mineral Density (BMD) >=2.0% and >=6.0% at Week 24 | BMD is a measure of the mineral content of bone in a particular skeletal area. DXA scans use low energy x-rays to measure the density of bones. | Baseline, Week 24 | 
| Number of Participants With a Decline From Baseline in Lumbar Spine and Hip Bone Mineral Density (BMD) >=2.0% and >=6.0% at Week 48 | BMD is a measure of the mineral content of bone in a particular skeletal area. DXA scans use low energy x-rays to measure the density of bones. | Baseline, Week 48 | 
| Number of Participants With a Decline From Baseline in Lumbar Spine and Hip Bone Mineral Density (BMD) >=2.0% and >=6.0% at Week 96 | BMD is a measure of the mineral content of bone in a particular skeletal area. DXA scans use low energy x-rays to measure the density of bones. | Baseline, Week 96 | 
| Number of Participants Meeting World Health Organization (WHO) Criteria for Osteopenia (T-score of -2.5 to -1.0) and Osteoporosis (T-score of <-2.5) at Week 24 | The T-score is a radiographic diagnosis that compares bone mineral density (BMD) to that of a normal, healthy, 30-year-old female. The lower the T-score, the lower the BMD. A T-score of +1 to -1 is normal. A T-score decrease of -1 indicates a 10%-15% decrease in BMD. | Week 24 | 
| Number of Participants Meeting World Health Organization (WHO) Criteria for Osteopenia (T-score of -2.5 to -1.0) and Osteoporosis (T-score of <-2.5) at Week 48 | The T-score is a radiographic diagnosis that compares bone mineral density (BMD) to that of a normal, healthy, 30-year-old female. The lower the T-score, the lower the BMD. A T-score of +1 to -1 is normal. A T-score decrease of -1 indicates a 10%-15% decrease in BMD. | Week 48 | 
| Number of Participants Meeting World Health Organization (WHO) Criteria for Osteopenia (T-score of -2.5 to -1.0) and Osteoporosis (T-score of <-2.5) at Week 96 | The T-score is a radiographic diagnosis that compares bone mineral density (BMD) to that of a normal, healthy, 30-year-old female. The lower the T-score, the lower the BMD. A T-score of +1 to -1 is normal. A T-score decrease of -1 indicates a 10%-15% decrease in BMD. | Week 96 | 
| Number of Participants Experiencing an Adverse Event (AE) Leading to Discontinuation by Week 24 | An adverse event was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. Adverse events occurring in two or more participants are presented. | Baseline to Week 24 | 
| Number of Participants Experiencing an Adverse Event (AE) Leading to Discontinuation by Week 48 | An adverse event was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. Adverse events occurring in two or more participants are presented. | Baseline to Week 48 | 
| Number of Participants Experiencing an Adverse Event (AE) Leading to Discontinuation by Week 96 | An adverse event was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. Adverse events occurring in two or more participants are presented. | Baseline to Week 96 | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Fasting Total Cholesterol at Week 24 | Blood samples were collected from participants for analysis of their lipid profile. Data are categorized by the maximum post-baseline threshold reached. <200 mg/dL, desirable; 200-<240 mg/dL, borderline high; >=240 mg/dL, high. mg, milligram; dL, deciliter. | Baseline, Week 24 | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Fasting Total Cholesterol at Week 48 | Blood samples were collected from participants for analysis of their lipid profile. Data are categorized by the maximum post-baseline threshold reached. <200 mg/dL, desirable; 200-<240 mg/dL, borderline high; >=240 mg/dL, high. mg, milligram; dL, deciliter. | Baseline, Week 48 | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Fasting Total Cholesterol at Week 96 | Blood samples were collected from participants for analysis of their lipid profile. Data are categorized by the maximum post-baseline threshold reached. <200 mg/dL, desirable; 200-<240 mg/dL, borderline high; >=240 mg/dL, high. mg, milligram; dL, deciliter. | Baseline, Week 96 | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) at Week 24 | Blood samples were collected from participants for analysis of their lipid profile. Data are categorized by the maximum post-baseline threshold reached. <100 mg/dL, optimal; 100-<130 mg/dL, near/above optimal; 130-<160 mg/dL, borderline high; 160-<190 mg/dL, high; >=190 mg/dL, very high. | Baseline, Week 24 | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) at Week 48 | Blood samples were collected from participants for analysis of their lipid profile. Data are categorized by the maximum post-baseline threshold reached. <100 mg/dL, optimal; 100-<130 mg/dL, near/above optimal; 130-<160 mg/dL, borderline high; 160-<190 mg/dL, high; >=190 mg/dL, very high. | Baseline, Week 48 | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) at Week 96 | Blood samples were collected from participants for analysis of their lipid profile. Data are categorized by the maximum post-baseline threshold reached. <100 mg/dL, optimal; 100-<130 mg/dL, near/above optimal; 130-<160 mg/dL, borderline high; 160-<190 mg/dL, high; >=190 mg/dL, very high. | Baseline, Week 96 | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Fasting High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) at Week 24 | Blood samples were collected from participants for analysis of their lipid profile. Data are categorized by the maximum post-baseline threshold reached. <40 mg/dL, low; 40-<60 mg/dL, normal; >=60 mg/dL, high. | Baseline, Week 24 | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Fasting High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) at Week 48 | Blood samples were collected from participants for analysis of their lipid profile. Data are categorized by the maximum post-baseline threshold reached. <40 mg/dL, low; 40-<60 mg/dL, normal; >=60 mg/dL, high. | Baseline, Week 48 | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Fasting High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) at Week 96 | Blood samples were collected from participants for analysis of their lipid profile. Data are categorized by the maximum post-baseline threshold reached. <40 mg/dL, low; 40-<60 mg/dL, normal; >=60 mg/dL, high. | Baseline, Week 96 | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Fasting Triglycerides at Week 24 | Blood samples were collected from participants for analysis of their lipid profile. Data are categorized by the maximum post-baseline threshold reached. <150 mg/dL, normal; 150-<200 mg/dL, borderline high; 200-<500 mg/dL, high; >=500 mg/dL, very high. | Baseline, Week 24 | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Fasting Triglycerides at Week 48 | Blood samples were collected from participants for analysis of their lipid profile. Data are categorized by the maximum post-baseline threshold reached. <150 mg/dL, normal; 150-<200 mg/dL, borderline high; 200-<500 mg/dL, high; >=500 mg/dL, very high. | Baseline, Week 48 | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Fasting Triglycerides at Week 96 | Blood samples were collected from participants for analysis of their lipid profile. Data are categorized by the maximum post-baseline threshold reached. <150 mg/dL, normal; 150->200 mg/dL, borderline high; 200-<500 mg/dL, high;>= 500 mg/dL, very high. | Baseline, Week 96 | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Treatment-emergent Division of AIDS (DAIDS) Toxicities at Week 24 | The DAIDS toxicity table provides descriptive terminology for grading the severity of adult adverse events. Laboratory grades also provide ranges for each parameter. Grade 1: mild, Grade 2: moderate, Grade 3: severe, Grade 4: potentially life-threatening. LDL, low-density lipid; HDL, high-density lipid. Treatment emergent refers to any toxicity that was not present prior to the start of study drug treatment. | Week 24 | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Treatment-emergent Division of AIDS (DAIDS) Toxicities at Week 48 | The DAIDS toxicity table provides descriptive terminology for grading the severity of adult adverse events. Laboratory grades also provide ranges for each parameter. Grade 1: mild, Grade 2: moderate, Grade 3: severe, Grade 4: potentially life-threatening. LDL, low-density lipid; HDL, high-density lipid. Treatment emergent refers to any toxicity that was not present prior to the start of study drug treatment. | Week 48 | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Treatment-emergent Division of AIDS (DAIDS) Toxicities at Week 96 | The DAIDS toxicity table provides descriptive terminology for grading the severity of adult adverse events. Laboratory grades also provide ranges for each parameter. Grade 1: mild, Grade 2: moderate, Grade 3: severe, Grade 4: potentially life-threatening. LDL, low-density lipid; HDL, high-density lipid. Treatment emergent refers to any toxicity that was not present prior to the start of study drug therapy. | Week 96 | 
| Number of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/Milliliter (c/mL) and 400 c/mL at Week 24 | HIV-1 RNA level (viral load) is a strong predictor of the rate of HIV disease progression. It was measured from plasma (participant blood samples) taken at all visits throughout the study. HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; RNA, ribonucleic acid. Viral load is a measure of the severity of the HIV infection. | Week 24 | 
| Number of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/Milliliter (c/mL) and 400 c/mL at Week 48 | HIV-1 RNA level (viral load) is a strong predictor of the rate of HIV disease progression. It was measured from plasma (participant blood samples) taken at all visits throughout the study. HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; RNA, ribonucleic acid. Viral load is a measure of the severity of the HIV infection. | Week 48 | 
| Number of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/Milliliter (c/mL) and 400 c/mL at Week 96 | HIV-1 RNA level (viral load) is a strong predictor of the rate of HIV disease progression. It was measured from plasma (participant blood samples) taken at all visits throughout the study. HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; RNA, ribonucleic acid. Viral load is a measure of the severity of the HIV infection. | Week 96 | 
| Change From Baseline in Cluster Difference 4 (CD4+) Cell Count at Week 24 | CD4+ counts are used to monitor the progression of HIV disease and the strength of the immune system. The number of CD4+ cells decreases as HIV disease progresses. Cell counts were measured from participant blood samples taken throughout the study. | Baseline, Week 24 | 
| Change From Baseline in Cluster Difference 4 (CD4+) Cell Count at Week 48 | CD4+ counts are used to monitor the progression of HIV disease and the strength of the immune system. The number of CD4+ cells decreases as HIV disease progresses. Cell counts were measured from participant blood samples taken throughout the study. | Baseline, Week 48 | 
| Change From Baseline in Cluster Difference 4 (CD4+) Cell Count at Week 96 | CD4+ counts are used to monitor the progression of HIV disease and the strength of the immune system. The number of CD4+ cells decreases as HIV disease progresses. Cell counts were measured from participant blood samples taken throughout the study. | Baseline, Week 96 | 
| Number of Participants Classified as Protocol-defined Failures With Treatment-emergent Resistance to Study Drug in the Indicated Viruses at Week 96 | Viral resistance was measured using blood samples collected from participants throughout the study. NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Virological failure was defined as any one of: participant does not achieve a 1 log10 copies (cop)/mL decrease in plasma HIV-1 RNA by Week (Wk) 4, or has two consecutive plasma HIV-1 RNA measures >=400 cop/mL separated by at least 2-4 wk after being previously <=400 cop/mL on/after Wk 4, or has two consecutive plasma HIV-1 RNA measures >400 cop/mL separated by at least 2-4 wk on/after Wk 24. | Week 96 | 
| Number of Participants Who Indicated Yes or No to the Question of Whether Unplanned Healthcare Resources Were Utilized | Participants were asked at each visit whether or not they utilized unplanned healthcare resources. | Baseline to Week 96 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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tenofovir, HIV, efavirenz, naive, lamivudine, abacavir, emtricitabine, renal