How do You Take Your Coffee Before Anesthesia

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Undergoing anesthesia requires patients to fast pre-operatively to allow the stomach to empty and prevent aspiration pneumonia but patients are allowed to drink clear liquids up to 2 hours before surgery. Clear liquids are defined as water, carbonated sodas, black coffee or tea without milk or sugar, and juices without pulp. Many Americans prefer to take their coffee with half and half or coffee creamer rather than black. This study will determine whether the addition of a small amount of cream to coffee makes any difference to the volume in the stomach after 2 hours. This study will use healthy volunteers as study participants. Each participant will participate in the study 3 times with at least 2 days in between. We will use a bedside ultrasound machine to measure their stomach content volume at baseline and then they will consume one of 3 different prepare drinks - black coffee, coffee with half and half, or coffee with non-dairy coffee creamer. After 2 hours, we will scan their stomach again and measure stomach content volume and compare it to the first measurement. The participants will repeat this two more times on different days so that they would have had a chance to consume all three prepared coffee drinks in a random order.

Official Title
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How do You Take Your Coffee Before Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Study Comparing Gastric Emptying With Black Coffee vs Coffee With Cream

Conditions
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Anesthesia, Aspiration, Fasting

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Addition of half and half to coffee
* Other: Addition of non-dairy creamer to coffee
* Other: Black


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age between 18-65 Exclusion Criteria: Diabetes mellitus Delayed gastric emptying Previous gastric surgery Lactose intolerance Current pregnancy Consumption of solid/liquids in 6 hours prior to commencement of ultrasound study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Randomized Controlled Crossover
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Placebo Comparator: Black coffee first<br>12 oz of black coffee with no additives is the first intervention tested | Other: Addition of half and half to coffee<br>* 1 oz of half and half is added to 12 oz of black coffee and given to participants assigned to this arm after the baseline gastric ultrasound<br>Other: Addition of non-dairy creamer to coffee<br>* 1 oz of non-dairy creamer is added to 12 oz of black coffee and given to participants assigned to this arm after the baseline gastric ultrasound<br>Other: Black<br>* No Creamer<br>|
| Active Comparator: Coffee with half and half first<br>12 oz of black coffee with 1 oz of half and half is the first intervention tested | Other: Addition of half and half to coffee<br>* 1 oz of half and half is added to 12 oz of black coffee and given to participants assigned to this arm after the baseline gastric ultrasound<br>Other: Addition of non-dairy creamer to coffee<br>* 1 oz of non-dairy creamer is added to 12 oz of black coffee and given to participants assigned to this arm after the baseline gastric ultrasound<br>Other: Black<br>* No Creamer<br>|
| Active Comparator: Coffee with non-dairy creamer first<br>12 oz of black coffee with 1 oz of liquid non-dairy creamer is the first intervention tested | Other: Addition of half and half to coffee<br>* 1 oz of half and half is added to 12 oz of black coffee and given to participants assigned to this arm after the baseline gastric ultrasound<br>Other: Addition of non-dairy creamer to coffee<br>* 1 oz of non-dairy creamer is added to 12 oz of black coffee and given to participants assigned to this arm after the baseline gastric ultrasound<br>Other: Black<br>* No Creamer<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Difference Between Gastric Volume Post Coffee Consumption Compared to the Baseline Gastric Volume | Gastric volume calculated based on measured cross-sectional area (CSA) of gastric antrum and participant's age. CSA is measured at baseline after fasting for 6 hours and measured again 2 hours after consuming prepared coffee drink | Baseline 6 hours after fasting and 2 hours after intervention |