Temporal Patterns of Diet and the Changes in Body Composition and Blood Pressure

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The study includes two parts: 1) an observational study examines the association of meal frequency, meal timing, and meal regularity with short-term changes in blood pressure and body composition; 2) a randomized controlled intervention examines the influence of recommendation of increase breakfast frequency and decrease nighttime snacking on 1-year changes in blood pressure and body composition.

Official Title
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Temporal Patterns of Diet and the Changes in Body Composition and Blood Pressure

Conditions
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Body Composition, Blood Pressure, Mealtimes

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Breakfast promotion
* Behavioral: Nighttime snack reduction


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion criteria: Adult Willing to participate Exclusion criteria: Being pregnant hemodialysis patients clinical diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases clinical diagnosis of cancer clinical diagnosis of dementia clinical diagnosis of eating disorders having metal orthopedic implants having pacemaker implanted

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Breakfast promotion<br>Receiving the recommendation of daily breakfast | Behavioral: Breakfast promotion<br>* Recommendation of having breakfast daily<br>|
| Active Comparator: Nighttime snack reduction<br>Receiving the recommendation of reducing nighttime snack frequency | Behavioral: Nighttime snack reduction<br>* Recommendation of reducing frequency of nighttime snacking<br>|
| Experimental: Breakfast promotion + nighttime snack reduction<br>Receiving the recommendation of daily breakfast + reducing nighttime snack frequency | Behavioral: Breakfast promotion<br>* Recommendation of having breakfast daily<br>Behavioral: Nighttime snack reduction<br>* Recommendation of reducing frequency of nighttime snacking<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Body weight | Body weight in kilogram | 1 year | 
| Standing height | Height in meters | 1 year | 
| Body fat% | Bioimpedance method (TANITA BC-418) | 1 year | 
| Body mass index | Weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m^2 | 1 year | 
| Systolic blood pressure | Measured in mmHg (Microlife BP 3MS1-4K) | 1 year | 
| Diastolic blood pressure | Measured in mmHg (Microlife BP 3MS1-4K) | 1 year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Frequency of breakfast per week | Self-report food frequency questionnaire(0-7 days/week) | 1 year | 
| Frequency of nighttime snacking per week | Self-report food frequency questionnaire(0-7 days/week) | 1 year |