Reduction of COVID 19 Transmission to Health Care Professionals

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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When the COVID-19 virus infects a person, it enters the lung epithelial cells of its host and uses its genetic material to replicate. The pulmonary epithelial cells of a part of the population, known as secretors, are capable of expressing the antigens of the ABO system on their surface. This secretory status can be established by determining the antigens of the Lewis blood group system. When the virus replicates in an secreting individual, the antigens of the ABO system of the infected individual will be present on the surface of the viruses formed in his/her lungs. It was shown in 2003 that the response of a given individual to the transmission of a virus depends on his/her blood group and on the antigens of the ABO system carried by the virus. A patient of group O would thus defend himself much better against a virus carrying antigens of blood group A, the natural antibodies anti-A of the patient reducing the ability of the virus to bind to its specific receptor on pulmonary epithelial cells, to penetrate them to replicate itself. The first data collected in Wuhan (China) seems to confirm this hypothesis. A COVID-19 virus transmission model can therefore be established on the basis of blood groups. In order to reduce the spread of the virus among nursing staff, it is possible to establish a preferential algorithm for patient management based on the ABO and Lewis blood groups of patients and ABO of nursing staff in health care units, if operational and human conditions allow.

Official Title
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Reduction of COVID 19 Transmission to Health Care Professionals

Conditions
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COVID 19

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Blood group determination
* Diagnostic Test: Antibody titration
* Dietary Supplement: Probiotic


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: COVID19 positive patients admitted within the CHU Brugmann Hospital Exclusion Criteria: None

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Covid 19 positive patients<br> | Diagnostic Test: Blood group determination<br>* Determination of the blood group (ABO/LE)<br>Diagnostic Test: Antibody titration<br>* Natural anti-A and anti-B antibody levels will be determined by a gel agglutination technique on the Biorad IH-500 automaton.<br>|
| Experimental: Covid 19 negative patients<br> | Diagnostic Test: Blood group determination<br>* Determination of the blood group (ABO/LE)<br>Diagnostic Test: Antibody titration<br>* Natural anti-A and anti-B antibody levels will be determined by a gel agglutination technique on the Biorad IH-500 automaton.<br>|
| Experimental: Untested healthy volunteers<br> | Diagnostic Test: Blood group determination<br>* Determination of the blood group (ABO/LE)<br>Diagnostic Test: Antibody titration<br>* Natural anti-A and anti-B antibody levels will be determined by a gel agglutination technique on the Biorad IH-500 automaton.<br>Dietary Supplement: Probiotic<br>* Administration of a probiotic to healthy volunteers to determine if it increases the level of circulating natural anti-A and anti-B antibodies (Probactiol Plus (Metagenics)).<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Anti-A antibody concentration | Anti-A antibody titration, as determined by gel agglutination on the Biorad IH-500 automated system. | baseline | 
| Anti-A antibody concentration | Anti-A antibody titration, as determined by gel agglutination on the Biorad IH-500 automated system. | Day 4 | 
| Anti-A antibody concentration | Anti-A antibody titration, as determined by gel agglutination on the Biorad IH-500 automated system. | Week 1 | 
| Anti-A antibody concentration | Anti-A antibody titration, as determined by gel agglutination on the Biorad IH-500 automated system. | Week 2 | 
| Anti-A antibody concentration | Anti-A antibody titration, as determined by gel agglutination on the Biorad IH-500 automated system. | Week 3 | 
| Anti-B antibody concentration | Anti-B antibody titration, as determined by gel agglutination on the Biorad IH-500 automated system. | baseline | 
| Anti-B antibody concentration | Anti-B antibody titration, as determined by gel agglutination on the Biorad IH-500 automated system. | Day 4 | 
| Anti-B antibody concentration | Anti-B antibody titration, as determined by gel agglutination on the Biorad IH-500 automated system. | Week 1 | 
| Anti-B antibody concentration | Anti-B antibody titration, as determined by gel agglutination on the Biorad IH-500 automated system. | Week 2 | 
| Anti-B antibody concentration | Anti-B antibody titration, as determined by gel agglutination on the Biorad IH-500 automated system. | Week 3 | 
| Blood group | Blood group (ABO/LE) | baseline |