Evaluation of Pain and Postoperative Nausea Vomiting Incidence in Outpatient Surgery at IUCT-Oncopole Hospital

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The effectiveness of the analgesic and anti-nausea prevention techniques of the investigators justifies being evaluated regularly in order to adapt the management strategy to the specificities of each surgical act. A first evaluation took place in June 2016 and allowed to identify a category of patients (partial breast surgery with or without axillary gesture) not benefiting from an ideal algological management because justifying in 30% of the cases of a level 3 analgesic remedy in the postoperative recovery room. This use of morphine results in a significant incidence of postoperative nausea and prolonged recovery time before return home harmful to the patient. With their experience in locoregional anesthesia technique in complete breast surgery (total mastectomy) and aware of the effectiveness of this type of anesthesia on the management of immediate and chronic pain, the investigators have extended their indications of ALR to partial breast surgery in ambulatory.

Detailed Description
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During the anesthesia consultation, the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is evaluated by the Apfel score (Apfel CC, Anesthesiology 1999) and a preventive strategy correlated to this score is then determined. An order including anti-emetics and analgesics is given to the patient for the return home after the outpatient surgery. On the day of the outpatient surgery, patients receive in the operating room the prevention of PONV according to their level of risk (according to the recommendations of the Société Française d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation - SFAR 2008 and Guidelines 2014) and analgesics including a level II and NSAIDs (in the absence of contraindication). All patients underwent general anaesthesia with sufentanil and propofol. Mechanical ventilation was performed with laryngeal mask. A echoguided regional anesthesia was performed by injection of 20 ml of ropivacaine 3.75 mg/ml above and under the serratus muscle as described by Blanco and al (ref 3) In the postoperative recovery room, PONV is treated if necessary by an anti-emetic class different from those used in the block. In postoperative pain with EVA> 3, morphine titration is performed as recommended. Patients are then monitored in an outpatient surgery unit until they have a home-based return capability assessed by the CHUNG score, including the level of pain (moderate and well relieved), the absence of persistent nausea, and the ability to ambulation. All outpatient surgery patients are called the day after their return home to ensure the absence of complications according to the regulatory procedure related to outpatient anesthesia. As part of this evaluation, information on the level of pain at rest and mobility, as well as the frequency of PONV are also recorded and this follow-up is repeated in D2 and D3 after the intervention. This information is then correlated with the type of anesthesia performed, the surgical procedure as well as the analgesic strategy (ALR) and the antinausea strategy performed.

Official Title
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Evaluation of Pain and Postoperative Nausea Vomiting Incidence in Outpatient Surgery at IUCT-Oncopole Hospital

Conditions
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Anesthesia, Cancer, Surgery

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: locoregional anesthesia


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: patients admitted for ambulatory surgery under general anesthesia patients admitted during the period from 01 to 30 June 2016 or during the period from 18 to 5 July 2018 Exclusion Criteria: Patient neither French nor English, Patient refusing to participate in this study Minor patients were excluded to ensure the homogeneity of the surveyed population (satisfaction of minors not meeting the same characteristics as that of adults)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Group 1<br>patients of 2016, June with locoregional anesthesia | Procedure: locoregional anesthesia<br>* Both groups received locoregional anesthesias<br>|
| Group 2<br>patients of 2018, June with locoregional anesthesia | Procedure: locoregional anesthesia<br>* Both groups received locoregional anesthesias<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Evaluation of pain after surgery by Simple Verbal Evaluation | Pain level in post-operative room measured by Simple Verbal Evaluation. The simple verbal scale or Keele scale has 5 qualifiers to describe the intensity of the pain, each descriptor is associated with a numerical value. 0 = no pain, 1 = poor, 2 = moderate, 3 = intense, 4 = atrocious. The goal of management is to achieve pain values below 3 (low to moderate). | 1 day (the day of the surgery) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Incidence of postopérative nausea and vomiting after prevention strategy guided by Apfel score risk | The risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is evaluated by the Apfel score and a preventive strategy correlated to this score is then determined. An order including anti-emetics and analgesics is given to the patient for the return home after the outpatient surgery. The Apfel score includes four variables (Female sex, History of motion sickness or postoperative nausea and vomiting, Nonsmoker, Postoperative opioid treatment is planned) and assigns one point for each. | 1 day before surgery | 
| Medical procedure characteristics | The type of anesthesia performed, the surgical procedure as well as the analgesic strategy (ALR) and the antinausea strategy performed. | 1 day (the day of the surgery) | 
| Evaluation of pain after surgery by Opioid requirements | Pain level in post-operative room measured and opioid requirement if important pain persists. The scale used is the visual analogue scale . If EVA> 3 titration with morphine 1 mg per 1 mg is performed in the recovery room until an EVA <3 is obtained. The dose of morphine in mg necessary to achieve this objective is collected. | 3 days (from surgery to 3 days after) | 
| Evaluation of home-based return capability by CHUNG score | Patients are then monitored in an outpatient surgery unit until they have a home-based return capability assessed by the CHUNG score, including the level of pain (moderate and well relieved), the absence of persistent nausea, and the ability to ambulation.Points are assigned to six variables : level of consciousness, physical activity, hemodynamic stability, oxygen saturation, pain, emetic symptoms. A score of 9 or 10 is needed to allow the patient to leave the hospital. | 1 day (just after the surgery) | 
| Evaluation of pain at home after surgery at mobility by EVA during the first 3 days | Pain level (Analogic Visual Evaluation EVA) on the first 3 days after surgery at mobility. The EVA is a numeric scale of pain. The patient must estimate his pain level from 0 (no pain) to 10 (the most unsustainable pain ever experienced). The question asked by phone is between 0 no pain and 10 excruciating pain, where would you place your pain on this scale? This scale is validated by the entire scientific community as the most sensitive and above all the most reproducible and can be obtained by phone. an acceptable pain is <3 therefore mild to moderate. | 3 days (from surgery to 3 days after) | 
| Evaluation of pain at home after surgery at rest by EVA during the first 3 days | Pain level (Analogic Visual Evaluation EVA) on the first 3 days after surgery, at rest. The EVA is a numeric scale of pain. The patient must estimate his pain level from 0 (no pain) to 10 (the most unsustainable pain ever experienced). The question asked by phone is between 0 no pain and 10 excruciating pain, where would you place your pain on this scale? This scale is validated by the entire scientific community as the most sensitive and above all the most reproducible and can be obtained by phone. an acceptable pain is <3 therefore mild to moderate. | 3 days (from surgery to 3 days after) | 
| Evaluation of sleep quality | Sleep quality (wake up by pain or not during the night) during the 3 days after surgery. Patient is asked to answer yes or not to the question : Have you been awakened by pain during the night during first 3 days | 3 days (from surgery to 3 days after) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Surgery, cancer, anesthesia, pain, outcome patient, Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting