Comparison of the Duration of Ropivacaine Combined With Dexmedetomidine or Dexamethasone on Paravertebral Block

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
This study was a prospective, randomized, controlled, and double-blind trial. Major assessments were made during the operation and 48 h postoperatively.

Detailed Description
-----------------
The prime outcomes were the time in minutes from leave the postoperative care unit to the first patient-controlled intravenous analgesia press.The secondary outcomes were to compare the following: (1)blood concentrations of ropivacaine was measured at 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 24 h after paravertebral nerve block; and (2) the patient's intraoperative opioid use, phenylephrine use, fluid intake, urine output, dry mouth score, and 24 h and 48 h visual analogue scale.

Official Title
-----------------
Comparison of the Duration of Ropivacaine Combined With Dexmedetomidine or Dexamethasone on Paravertebral Block in Patients Undergoing Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery

Conditions
-----------------
Lung Cancer

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Drug: Dexmedetomidine Group
* Drug: dexamethasone group
* Drug: control group


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: (1) age 18 to 65 years, (2) scheduled to undergo video-assisted thoracic surgery, (3) American Society of Anesthesiologists risk classification I-II. Exclusion Criteria: (1) patient refusal; (2) known hypersensitivity to the study medication (ropivacaine); (3) long-term use of opioids; (4) liver or renal insufficiency; (5) a history of psychiatric or neurological disease; (6) deafness; (7) regular use of acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, or antiemetics; and (8) a preoperative Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score higher than 6.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: thoracic paravertebral blocks using a combination of ropivacaine and dexmedetomidine or dexamethasone
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: dexmedetomidine group<br>thoracic paravertebral blocks using a combination of ropivacaine and dexmedetomidine 100 ug every time | Drug: Dexmedetomidine Group<br>* combination of ropivacaine and dexmedetomidine 100 ug every time<br>|
| Experimental: dexamethasone Group<br>thoracic paravertebral blocks using a combination of ropivacaine and dexamethasone 10 mg every time | Drug: dexamethasone group<br>* combination of ropivacaine and dexamethasone 10mg every time<br>|
| Sham Comparator: control group<br>thoracic paravertebral blocks using only ropivacaine | Drug: control group<br>* block with only ropivacaine<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change of thoracic paravertebral block analgesia duration | The prime outcomes were the time in minutes from leave the postoperative care unit to the first patient-controlled intravenous analgesia press | Change from Baseline to 2 days after surgery | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| blood concentrations of ropivacaine | (The secondary outcomes were to compare the following: (1)blood concentrations of ropivacaine was measured at 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 24 h after paravertebral nerve block; and (2) the patient's intraoperative opioid use, phenylephrine use, fluid intake, urine output, dry mouth score, and 24 h and 48 h visual analogue scale. | Change from Baseline to 2 days after surgery |