Agility Training on Executive Function, Dual Task Performance and Brain Activation in Healthy Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study will investigate the effect of agility training on executive function, dual task walking and brain activation in healthy adults. Participants (N=70) will be randomly assigned to resistance+aerobic training group (RAeT) or agility training group (AT). Participants in RAeT (n=35) will receive 15-minute lower extremity workout first and then 25-minute moderate intensity (60-75% predicted maximal heart rate) aerobic training. Participants in AT (n=35) will do the agility exercise program consisting of technical drills, pattern running and reactive agility training. The intervention will be twelve-time group intervention (3-5persons) in four weeks, 50 minutes per session (5-minute warmup, 40- minute main training, 5-minute cool-down). Participants will undergo three measurement time points (pre-, post-intervention and one month follow-up). Outcome measures will include executive function (N-back test, stroop test and Wisconsin card sort test), single and dual task walking performance and brain activity (fNIRS on prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area and premotor cortex). Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post-hoc test will be used to examine the group x time interaction on three outcome measures.

Official Title
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Effects of Agility Training on Executive Function, Dual Task Performance and Brain Activation in Healthy Adults

Conditions
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Agility Training, Executive Function

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Resistance+Aerobic training
* Other: Agility training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: (1) age between 20 to 30 years, and (2) ability to walk 20 meters independently without an assistive device. Exclusion Criteria: (1) overweight (BMI>24), (2) any smoker or alcohol abusers, (3) suffering from chronic diseases that loss of control, (4) Unstable physiological conditions, such as abnormal signs like high blood pressure, headache, dyspnea, fever, etc., (5) any neuromuscular or cardiopulmonary diseases that would influent the exercise performance, and (6) suffering from diseases which exercises are their contraindications

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 30 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Resistance+Aerobic training group<br>Resistance+Aerobic training group (RAeT) RAeT includes resistance training (RT) program and aerobic training (AeT) program. | Other: Resistance+Aerobic training<br>* The RT focuses on lower extremity workout, including leg press, hamstring curls, and calf raises. The participants start with intensity at 12 RM and finished with intensity at 8 RM after 3 weeks. There are 8 repetitions, 2 sets for each action. It will take 15 minutes to complete RT. The AeT is composed by cycling on stationary bikes in the first week, stepping on steppers in 2nd week, and running on treadmills in the last week. Participants are asked to wear a portable heart rate monitor throughout the experiments. They have to maintain their heart rates in 60%-75% of predicted maximal heart rate (moderate intensity exercise), which has been shown to be benefit on cognition[3]. It took the participants 25 minutes to complete AeT.<br>* Other names: RAeT;|
| Experimental: Agility training group<br>Agility training | Other: Agility training<br>* AT program consists of three parts: technical drills, pattern running and reactive agility training. There will be nine sessions over 3 weeks and progress the intensity, complexity or velocity every week.<br>* Other names: AT;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Executive function- N-back task (3-back) | N-back task (3-back) is used to measure working memory | Change from Baseline score at 3 weeks | 
| Executive function- N-back task (3-back) | N-back task (3-back) is used to measure working memory | Change from Baseline score at 7 weeks | 
| Executive function- Stroop test | Stroop test is used to measure the selective attention and conflict resolution. | Change from Baseline score at 3 weeks | 
| Executive function- Stroop test | Stroop test is used to measure the selective attention and conflict resolution. | Change from Baseline score at 7 weeks | 
| Executive function- Wisconsin card sort test | Wisconsin card sort test is an easy way to assess the ability of mental set shifting. | Change from Baseline score at 3 weeks | 
| Executive function- Wisconsin card sort test | Wisconsin card sort test is an easy way to assess the ability of mental set shifting. | Change from Baseline score at 7 weeks | 
| Single walking performance- Walking speed | The unit is length (cm) per seconds | Change from Baseline cadence at 3 weeks | 
| Single walking performance- Walking speed | The unit is length (cm) per seconds | Change from Baseline cadence at 7 weeks | 
| Single walking performance- Cadence | The unit is steps per minutes | Change from Baseline cadence at 3 weeks | 
| Single walking performance- Cadence | The unit is steps per minutes | Change from Baseline cadence at 7 weeks | 
| Single walking performance- Stride length | The unit is cm | Change from Baseline cadence at 3 weeks | 
| Single walking performance- Stride length | The unit is cm | Change from Baseline cadence at 7 weeks | 
| Single walking performance- Step duration | The unit is seconds | Change from Baseline cadence at 3 weeks | 
| Single walking performance- Step duration | The unit is seconds | Change from Baseline cadence at 7 weeks | 
| Dual task walking performance- Walking speed | The unit is length (cm) per seconds | Change from Baseline cadence at 3 weeks | 
| Dual task walking performance- Walking speed | The unit is length (cm) per seconds | Change from Baseline cadence at 7 weeks | 
| Dual task walking performance- Cadence | The unit is steps per minutes | Change from Baseline cadence at 3 weeks | 
| Dual task walking performance- Cadence | The unit is steps per minutes | Change from Baseline cadence at 7 weeks | 
| Dual task walking performance- Stride length | The unit is cm | Change from Baseline cadence at 3 weeks | 
| Dual task walking performance- Stride length | The unit is cm | Change from Baseline cadence at 7 weeks | 
| Dual task walking performance- Step duration | The unit is seconds | Change from Baseline cadence at 3 weeks | 
| Dual task walking performance- Step duration | The unit is seconds | Change from Baseline cadence at 7 weeks | 
| Dual task walking performance- the correct rates of arithmetic task | The participants will be instructed to subtract by 7 serially from a 3-digit number while walking at their fastest speed in dual task walking condition | Change from Baseline cadence at 3 weeks | 
| Dual task walking performance- the correct rates of arithmetic task | The participants will be instructed to subtract by 7 serially from a 3-digit number while walking at their fastest speed in dual task walking condition | Change from Baseline cadence at 7 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Brain activities over premotor cortex- Executive function | A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics. | Change from Baseline at 3 weeks | 
| Brain activities over premotor cortex- Executive function | A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics. | Change from Baseline at 7 weeks | 
| Brain activities over supplementary motor area- Executive function | A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics. | Change from Baseline at 3 weeks | 
| Brain activities over supplementary motor area- Executive function | A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics. | Change from Baseline at 7 weeks | 
| Brain activities over primary motor cortex- Executive function | A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics. | Change from Baseline at 3 weeks | 
| Brain activities over primary motor cortex- Executive function | A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics. | Change from Baseline at 7 weeks | 
| Brain activities over premotor cortex- Single walking | A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics. | Change from Baseline at 3 weeks | 
| Brain activities over premotor cortex- Single walking | A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics. | Change from Baseline at 7 weeks | 
| Brain activities over supplementary motor area- Single walking | A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics. | Change from Baseline at 3 weeks | 
| Brain activities over supplementary motor area- Single walking | A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics. | Change from Baseline at 7 weeks | 
| Brain activities over primary motor cortex - Single walking | A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics. | Change from Baseline at 3 weeks | 
| Brain activities over primary motor cortex - Single walking | A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics. | Change from Baseline at 7 weeks | 
| Brain activities over premotor cortex- Dual task walking | A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics. | Change from Baseline at 3 weeks | 
| Brain activities over premotor cortex- Dual task walking | A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics. | Change from Baseline at 7 weeks | 
| Brain activities over supplementary motor area- Dual task walking | A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics. | Change from Baseline at 3 weeks | 
| Brain activities over supplementary motor area- Dual task walking | A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics. | Change from Baseline at 7 weeks | 
| Brain activities over primary motor cortex - Dual task walking | A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics. | Change from Baseline at 3 weeks | 
| Brain activities over primary motor cortex - Dual task walking | A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics. | Change from Baseline at 7 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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brain activity, motor performance, dual task walking, executive function, agility training