Oxygenation and Muscle Function's Relationship During SLIE in Older Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study is to determine the correlations between oxygenation of calf muscles and physical performance including balance, gait speed, and endurance in older adults by utilizing the NIRS device.

Detailed Description
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The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between oxygenation of calf muscles and physical performance including balance, gait speed, and endurance in older adults by utilizing the NIRS device. The investigators want to determine the relationship between different types of tests and oxygenation for older adults with 4 levels of physical activity. This study will help towards identifying possible short and effective exercises for older adults with different activity levels.

Official Title
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Oxygenation and Muscle Function's Relationship During Short Light-Intensity Exercise in Older Adults

Conditions
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Oxygenation

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: individuals who are 60 years old or older who are ambulatory with or without a mobility device can follow instructions without assistance Exclusion Criteria: having an amputated limb current or uncontrolled vestibular disorders sensation impairment at the lower extremity macular degeneration disease such as glaucoma Parkinson's disease blood circulation disorders such as chronic venous insufficiency individuals without English proficiency

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| time to reach the minimum muscular oxygenation level (Only measure one time at a single time point, does not measure changes) | time to reach the minimum muscular oxygenation level during bilateral heel raise test in seconds | Day1 | 
| recovery of muscular oxygenation (Only measure one time at a single time point, does not measure changes) | the muscular oxygenation difference in percentage between the first second and the last second after finishing the bilateral heel raise test for 1 minute | Day1 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| time to finish the Timed Up and Go test (Only measure one time at a single time point, does not measure changes) | This test measures time in seconds to finish the Timed Up and Go test from standing from a chair, walking for 3-meter distance, turning around, going back and sitting down. Less seconds means higher mobility. Higher than 12 seconds indicates risk of falls. | Day1 | 
| Short Physical Performance Battery score (Only measure one time at a single time point, does not measure changes) | Three parts including balance, gait speed, and chair stand test are measured. Full points of each part is 4. The score range is from 0 to 12 points. Higher score means higher physical function. | Day1 | 
| distance finished in the 2-Minute Walking test (Only measure one time at a single time point, does not measure changes) | This test measures the maximum distance in meters covered in 2 minutes. Longer distance means better endurance. | Day1 | 
| the number of heel raise finished within one minute (Only measure one time at a single time point, does not measure changes) | This test measures the number of heel raise that participants can complete within one minute. More heel raise times means more endurance at the calf muscle. | Day1 |