The Effects of a Peer Co-led Educational Programme for Parents of Children With ADHD

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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ADHD is associated with a substantial burden on families, and systems pertaining to health, social care, and criminal justice, and there is a need for more knowledge of the effects of non-pharmacological interventions. Educational and parental activation interventions may improve ADHD symptoms, and may enhance parent activation. Although the results of these studies are promising, few interventions have been carried out in collaboration with user representatives, which is required by Norwegian legislation. As such, there is a need for clinical studies that document the effects of educational group interventions based on user involvement that seeks to improve parental activation. Furthermore, it is not clear which type of educational intervention that should be offered, and which aspects of parenting behaviour to focus on. There is a lack of studies investigating whether adding an intervention designed specifically for families of children with ADHD will be more effective than treatment as usual (TAU). The purpose of the present study is to determine the feasibility and expected size of a substantive randomized controlled trial comparing an ADHD peer co-led educational programme added to TAU.

Detailed Description
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The primary objective of this trial is to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention, to assure that procedures are adequate for a subsequent full size randomized controlled trial (RCT), and to determine the likely size of the trial comparing an ADHD specific parenting peer co-led intervention for parents of children with ADHD symptoms. Specific objectives are: (I) investigate whether parents of children recently diagnosed with ADHD are willing to be randomized to the intervention, (II) whether sufficient numbers of families can be recruited and retained such that a full-scale RCT is likely to be feasible, (III) whether research procedures and efficacy measures are feasible and acceptable to participating families and the outpatient clinics, and (IV) whether families participating in the intervention are satisfied with the intervention. This feasibility study is not designed to detect a treatment effect, therefore a maximum of 50 parents will be recruited. The measurements will be taken in the children (at baseline and 3 months) and parents (at baseline, two weeks, pre-post intervention and 3 months follow-up) to determine the feasibility and acceptability. These measures are chosen because they address key components of the intervention (activation, quality of life and psychological well-being). Multiple measures of similar constructs will be administered where possible (e.g., psychological well-being and quality of life) to determine which measure to include in the definitive trial according to feasibility, acceptability, and sensitivity. Feasibility assessments: Feasibility of recruitment. Acceptability of randomization and procedures will be determined by measuring loss to follow-up (post-test and 3-month follow-up), and reasons for withdrawal will be used collected. Acceptability of the intervention will be determined based on the number of sessions attended by participants in the peer co-led education. We will also reported on satisfaction with the program. Feasibility of quantitative measures will be deemed acceptable if no questionnaires are missing in full in more than 25% of the participants and if reliability was higher than 0.70. Follow-up response rates (post-intervention and 3 months follow-ups).

Official Title
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The Effects of a Peer Co-led Educational Programme for Parents of Children With ADHD: A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Peer co-led educational group
* Behavioral: Comparator treatment as usual


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Parents of children aged 6 - 12 with a formal diagnosis of ADHD, following a standardised assessment. Exclusion Criteria: Participants already taking part in research on a parenting intervention will also be ineligible to participate. Families attending other parenting groups

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Years
Maximum Age: 12 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: The intervention is delivered in a group format, which takes the form of a full day's training, focusing on ADHD diagnosis, its treatment, how to cope with the challenges related to living with ADHD, as well as coping with challenges of parenting a child with chronic health conditions. After this one day-intervention, the participants can continue in self-help groups, which meet once a week for a 2-hour evening session. User representatives lead these weekly self-help groups, which do not require user-fees and aim to offer practical tools, support and information to increase the parent's skills, knowledge and confidence. Participants are encouraged to adopt an active role in order to achieve a positive parent/provider partnership.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Peer co-led educational group<br>The intervention delivered in a group format is added to treatment as usual. After the parents participate in the one day-intervention, they can continue in self-help groups, which meet once a week for a 2-hour evening session. User representatives lead these weekly self-help groups, which do not require user-fees and aim to offer practical tools, support and information to increase the parent's skills, knowledge and confidence. | Behavioral: Peer co-led educational group<br>* The intervention is delivered in a group format, which takes the form of a full day's training, focusing on ADHD diagnosis, its treatment, how to cope with the challenges related to living with ADHD, as well as coping with challenges of parenting a child with chronic health conditions. After this one day-intervention, the participants can continue in self-help groups, which meet once a week for a 2-hour evening session. User representatives lead these weekly self-help groups, which do not require user-fees and aim to offer practical tools, support and information to increase the parent's skills, knowledge and confidence. Participants are encouraged to adopt an active role in order to achieve a positive parent/provider partnership.<br>|
| Other: Control group<br>The control goup will receive treatment as usual. | Behavioral: Comparator treatment as usual<br>* Control group will receive treatment as usual, including different treatment options that can help alleviate the symptoms of ADHD and arm families with the tools needed to better handle problem behaviors when they arise. These interventions include: medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of these two approaches.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Feasibility of recruitment | Feasibility of recruitment will be assessed by determining the recruitment rate, by monitoring patient screening and subsequent agreement to participate. | Over a two year study period | 
| Satisfaction with the intervention | Parent satisfaction will be measured by means of the client satisfaction Questionnaire, CSQ-3 as it applies to the group-based educational programme. The scale comprises three items measured on a scale from 1 (not satisfied) to 4 (very satisfied). | From baseline to 12- and 52-weeks follow-up | 
| Parental activation | Parental activation will be measure with the P-PAM-13. The 13-items P-PAM has four possible response options ranging from (1) strongly disagree, to (4) strongly agree, and an additional 'not applicable' option. | From baseline to 12- and 52-weeks follow-up | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Parental well-being | Parental well-being will be measured by the WHO-5 Well-being Index. The questionnaire has five items rated on a six-point scale from 0 (all the time) to 5 (at no time); this items are transformed into 0-100 scales (high scores indicate a better well-being). | From baseline to 12- and 52-weeks follow-up | 
| Parental quality of life | Parental quality of life will be measured by the 10- items Multicultural Quality of Life Index (MQLI) which cover key aspects of the concept, from physical well-being to spiritual fulfilment. The MQLI questionnaire has ten items. | From baseline to 12- and 52-weeks follow-up | 
| Shared decision making | It will be assessed using a modified version of the Control Preferences Scale to provide information about the parent's preferred role in involvement. | From baseline to 12- and 52-weeks follow-up | 
| Parental involvement in treatment decision | Parent involvement will be assessed using a modified version of the CollaboRATE scale | From baseline to 12- and 52-weeks follow-up | 
| Beliefs about medicines | To investigate the beliefs about medicines we will use the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ). | From baseline to 12- and 52-weeks follow-up | 
| Adherence | To investigate medication adherence using the Medication Adherence Rating Scale 5 items. | From baseline to 12- and 52-weeks follow-up | 
| ADHD Scale Parent Version | The SNAP-IV 18-Item will be use to evaluate ADHD, the SNAP-IV 18-Item Scale Parent Version is an abbreviated version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham (SNAP). The questionnaire includes items for the two subsets of symptoms, inattention (items 1-9) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (items 10-18), from the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. The scores in each of the two subsets are added together. SNAP-IV is used to measure ADHD symptoms and behavioral problems in school-aged children. Symptom severity is rated on a 4-point scale. | From baseline to 12- and 52-weeks follow-up | 
| Level of functioning of children in Child | The C-GAS will be used to assess the overall level of functioning of children. The C-GAS is a numeric scale ranging from 1 to 100 used to assess the overall level of functioning of children in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, with high scores indicating better functioning. | From baseline to 12- and 52-weeks follow-up | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Parental activation, Peer co-led education