Effect of Smoking on the Expression of Gelatinases in Chronic Periodontitis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study comparatively evaluate the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in smoker vs non-smoker chronic periodontitis patients as well as periodontally healthy subjects. the hypothesis of this study was that smoking may interfere with periodontal disease by effecting MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions.

Detailed Description
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Smokers have greater risk for developing periodontal disease and smoking is highly correlated with greater marginal bone loss. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play a major role in periodontal tissue destruction. MMP-2 and MMP-9, called gelatinases, are one of the major MMPs that plays important roles in periodontitis. To date, several studies showed the increased levels of gelatinases in periodontal disease and only a limited number of study investigated the effect of smoking on gelatinases. However, no previous study has directly investigated the possible relationship between smoking and gingival tissue gelatinases expressions (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients relative to periodontally healthy subjects. Therefore this study is conducted to comparatively evaluate the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in smoker vs non-smoker chronic periodontitis patients as well as periodontally healthy subjects. the of this study hypothesis was that smoking may interfere with periodontal disease by effecting MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions.

Official Title
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The Effect of Smoking on the Expression of Gelatinases in Chronic Periodontitis: A Cross-sectional Study

Conditions
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Periodontitis, Smoking

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: no intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: A total of 80 subjects (35 females, 45 males, with an age range of 16-62 years) were included in this study from those patients seeking dental treatment at the Baskent University School of Dentistry between February 2010 and December 2012. Exclusion Criteria: Patients with systemic disease; pregnant and/or lactating women; patients taking any medications that may influence the study.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 16 Years
Maximum Age: 62 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| smoking chronic periodontitis<br> | Other: no intervention<br>* this is cross-sectional study<br>|
| non-smoking periodontitis<br> | Other: no intervention<br>* this is cross-sectional study<br>|
| smoking healthy<br> | Other: no intervention<br>* this is cross-sectional study<br>|
| non-smoking healthy<br> | Other: no intervention<br>* this is cross-sectional study<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| expression of gelatinases levels in gingival tissue among groups | In chronic periodontitis group, after recording the clinical parameters, gingival tissues were harvested from the deepest periodontal pocket. Whereas in periodontally healthy group, gingival tissues were collected during crown-lengthening surgery or during an extraction of a teeth for orthodontic reasons. In both groups the samples include both sulcus/pocket epithelium and underlying connective tissues. The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 is measured immunohistochemically | day 1 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| difference in probing depths among groups | Clinical parameters will be recorded and difference in probing depths among the groups will be calculated | day o | 
| difference in probing depths among groups | Clinical parameters will be recorded and difference in clinical attahment level among the groups will be calculated | day 0 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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chronic periodontitis, smoking, mmp-2, mmp-9