General Anesthetics-related Changes in Prefrontal EEG During Pediatric Surgical Anesthesia

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The change profiles of indices derived from pEEG such as phase-amplitude coupling and bicoherence based on individual general anesthetics in children have not been examined in previous literature. Whether those indices have the abilities to predict individual drug-related anesthesia depth in children need to be explored.

Detailed Description
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The need to maintain a proper depth of general anesthesia during pediatric surgery is an important aspect of anesthesiology. An inappropriate anesthesia depth increases the risk of intraoperative awareness or delay in recovery in children undergoing surgery. Current modalities for anesthesia depth monitoring showed limited accuracy in children. The electroencephalogram (EEG) can be analyzed in its raw form for characteristic drug-induced patterns of change or summarized using mathematical parameters as a processed electroencephalogram (pEEG). The change profiles of indices derived from pEEG such as phase-amplitude coupling and bicoherence based on individual general anesthetics in children have not been examined in previous literature. Whether those indices have the abilities to predict individual drug-related anesthesia depth in children need to be explored.

Official Title
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General Anesthetics-related Changes in Prefrontal EEG During Pediatric Surgical Anesthesia

Conditions
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General Anesthetic, Electroencephalogram

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: propofol
* Drug: sevoflurane
* Drug: S-ketamine


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Children aged 3-7 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status I-II, scheduled for elective surgery in Peking University First Hospital. Exclusion Criteria: Preterm patients; Height and weight not within the standard ranges for respective ages; Surgery for head or heart; Operation duration of <20min or >2h; Patients with muscular, neurologic or psychiatric diseases; Patients with Congenital anomaly or hereditary diseases; Patients with medication abuse; Allergy to medication including propofol, sevoflurane, and ketamine; Allergy to beans; Refusal to participate the study by guardians.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 3 Years
Maximum Age: 7 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| propofol<br>General anesthesia is induced and maintained mainly with propofol. | Drug: propofol<br>* General anesthesia is induced and maintained mainly with propofol.<br>* Other names: Propofol anesthesia group;|
| sevoflurane<br>General anesthesia is induced and maintained mainly with sevoflurane. | Drug: sevoflurane<br>* General anesthesia is induced and maintained mainly with sevoflurane.<br>* Other names: Sevoflurane anesthesia group;|
| ketamine<br>General anesthesia is induced mainly with S-ketamine and maintained mainly with propofol. | Drug: S-ketamine<br>* General anesthesia is induced mainly with S-ketamine and maintained mainly with propofol.<br>* Other names: S-ketamine anesthesia group;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| phase-amplitude coupling | phase-amplitude coupling | induction and maintenance of anesthesia | 
| bicoherence | bicoherence | induction and maintenance of anesthesia | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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general anesthetic, electroencephalogram