Culinary Medicine to Enhance Protein Intake on Muscle Quality in Older Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Aging is associated with a decline in muscle mass, strength, and physical function, leading to muscle mass loss and weakness. These concerns can impact an individual's functional independence and quality of life (QOL). Dietary protein stimulates muscle protein growth. Current studies suggest that optimal protein intake for older adults is greater than the Recommended Dietary Allowance. Barriers to consuming protein-rich foods in older adults include reductions in taste and smell, dentition, dexterity, and changes in living situation. Therefore, nutritional interventions are needed to effectively improve eating behaviors, diet quality, and stimulate muscle growth and strength. These interventions will help prevent, manage, and promote muscle mass loss recovery. Older adults may not be aware of their changing nutrient needs and therefore may lack the skills to prepare nutritionally adequate foods properly. Cooking demonstrations, or culinary medicine (CM), can help teach healthy cooking to reduce potential red meat consumption barriers and improve community-dwelling older adults' dietary habits. Thus, CM can be a novel strategy to improve diet quality in older adults and promote and augment at-home cooking. CM is an evidenced-base field that combines skills of preparing, cooking, and presenting food with the science of medicine. This field can help to accomplish potential eating behaviors and health outcome improvements. A tailored CM program can be an effective strategy that could reduce barriers in protein intake that will enable older adults to age well and productively.

Official Title
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Culinary Medicine to Enhance Protein Intake on Muscle Quality in Older Adults

Conditions
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Sarcopenia

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Culinary Medicine
* Behavioral: Control


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 65 years and older physically active able to cook for oneself willing to complete two blood draws Exclusion Criteria: <65 years old sedentary lifestyle bleeding disorder heart pacemaker type 1 diabetics and type 2 diabetics taking insulin current smokers amputees

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Culinary Medicine<br>Those in this group will receive culinary medicine, which includes cooking videos and educational videos to help educate on ways to increase protein intake through lean ground beef. | Behavioral: Culinary Medicine<br>* The CM-group will receive weekly cooking demonstrations and education videos via electronic links for 16 weeks, and three nutrition education based on the content of the Nutrition Care Manual from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics to show age-appropriate recipes with correct preparation methods and different cooking methods for lean ground red meat to increase protein consumption.<br>|
| Other: Control<br>This group will only receive recipes containing lean ground beef to help increase protein intake. | Behavioral: Control<br>* The CN-group will receive weekly recipes via electronic links without the culinary medicine intervention.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) | DXA will measure full body muscle mass and fat mass in grams. | Baseline and change from baseline muscle mass and fat mass at 4 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Protein questionnaire | The subject will fill out an online modified version of the rapid self-administered dietary protein food frequency questionnaire. This questionnaire contains 20-items evaluating the weekly intake of different types of meat, dairy, eggs, beans to provide the weekly protein intake in grams. | Baseline and through study completion, an average of 4 months | 
| Cooking Effectiveness Questionnaire | Questionnaire to record effectiveness of culinary medicine cooking videos based on a scale of from completely confident to not confident at all | Baseline and through study completion, an average of 4 months | 
| Body mass index in kg/m^2 | Weight in kg and height in meters will be used to calculate BMI | Baseline and change from baseline BMI at 4 months | 
| Weight in lbs | Weight will be measure to the nearest 0.1 lbs | Baseline and change from baseline weight at 4 months | 
| Height in inches | Height will be measured to the nearest 0.1 in using a stadiometer. | Baseline | 
| Steps | Subjects will be provided a Garmin Vivofit 4 watch to monitor their steps throughout the study | through study completion, an average of 4 months | 
| Grip strength | Grip strength will be measured by a handheld dynamometer. The subject will be asked to used the handheld dynamometer three times for each to obtain the average of the three test results. | Baseline and change from baseline grip strength at 4 months | 
| Physical activity questionnaire | Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) is 41-items that assess the weekly frequency and duration of various physical activities typically undertaken by older adults. Each question ask how many times a week the participant partake in the activity then ask how many total hours a week the participant did the activity. The frequency per week of all exercise-related activities were calculated by the sum frequency scores/week for each of the activities. The higher the score, the better the outcome | Baseline and change from baseline CHAMPS at 4 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Culinary medicine, muscle synthesis, muscle strength, protein intake