Effects of Motivational Interviewing in Prison

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a communication style demonstrated to decrease drug and alcohol use. A five session MI intervention (BSF) was implemented in the Swedish correctional system. The intervention was delivered by counsellors with workshop only MI training (BSF) or by counsellors with workshop MI training followed by peer group supervision based on audio taped feedback (BSF+). Aim was to examine whether BSF in prisons reduces drug and alcohol use more effectively than interviews conducted according to the usual planning interview routine (UPI).

Official Title
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Motivational Interviewing Delivered by Existing Prison Staff: A Randomized Controlled Study of Effectiveness on Substance Use After Release

Conditions
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Alcohol Abuse

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Motivational Interviewing; MI


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Born between 01-01-1954 and 31-12-1984; Conditional release no later than 30-06-2005 (this was extended to 19-09-2005 and again to 31-03-2006); Swedish or Norwegian speaker; Not having previously received BSF in remand or any other prison; Heavy use of alcohol or drugs, measured by the standard prison and probation system: 1= occasional use; 2= heavy use; ASI interview at intake; No order for deportation after release from prison Exclusion Criteria: -

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: (BSF) MI sessions<br>5 semi-structured manualised MI sessions was conducted by existing prison staff having undergone 3 days of Motivational Interviewing workshop training and 2 days of training with the BSF manual. | Behavioral: Motivational Interviewing; MI<br>* MI is a communication style defined as a collaborative, person-centred form of guiding to elicit and strengthen motivation to change. The method is based on four principles: showing empathy; developing discrepancy between the subject's current behaviour and an alternate, more desired, behaviour; reinforcing self-efficacy; and rolling with resistance to change. Client arguments for change are elicited and reinforced in an atmosphere that is empathic, collaborative and supportive of autonomy. The choice to change and the responsibility for change remain with the client.<br>|
| Active Comparator: (BSF+) MI sessions with supervision<br>5 semi-structured manualised MI sessions was conducted by ordinary prison staff having undergone 3 days of Motivational Interviewing workshop training and 2 days of training with the BSF manual, followed by ongoing Motivational Interviewing training with feedback based on audio taped sessions in peer supervision groups. | Behavioral: Motivational Interviewing; MI<br>* MI is a communication style defined as a collaborative, person-centred form of guiding to elicit and strengthen motivation to change. The method is based on four principles: showing empathy; developing discrepancy between the subject's current behaviour and an alternate, more desired, behaviour; reinforcing self-efficacy; and rolling with resistance to change. Client arguments for change are elicited and reinforced in an atmosphere that is empathic, collaborative and supportive of autonomy. The choice to change and the responsibility for change remain with the client.<br>|
| Active Comparator: (UPI) Usual Planning Interview<br>5 sessions was conducted by prison staff according to usual working practices, with the exception that content was structured into 5 sessions and audio recorded. The provision of a government decree served as a basis for the intervention, covering planning of prison activities and post release arrangements including strategies for drug use cessation. | Behavioral: Motivational Interviewing; MI<br>* MI is a communication style defined as a collaborative, person-centred form of guiding to elicit and strengthen motivation to change. The method is based on four principles: showing empathy; developing discrepancy between the subject's current behaviour and an alternate, more desired, behaviour; reinforcing self-efficacy; and rolling with resistance to change. Client arguments for change are elicited and reinforced in an atmosphere that is empathic, collaborative and supportive of autonomy. The choice to change and the responsibility for change remain with the client.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| number of days with substance use | alcohol- or drug use as measured by the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) at intake and at 10 months after release | of the last 30 days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| reported days of illegal activity | as measured by Addiction Severity Index at intake and 10 months after release | during the preceding 30 days | 
| number of days working | as measured by the Addiction Severity Index at intake and 10 months after release | during the last 30 days | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Inmates with heavy use of alcohol or drugs