Inadequate Protein Intake at Specific Meals and Functionality in Middle to Older Aged Mexican Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study sought to determine if the inadequate protein intake per meal (defined as eating <30 g protein or 0.4 g protein/kg body mass) at specific meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) is associated with functionality in middle to older aged Mexican adults. Functionality was evaluated with self-reported questionnaires to assess their functionality score for different activities of daily living.

Detailed Description
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Detailed dietary information was obtained for each participant to estimate dietary protein intake per meal (breakfast, lunch, dinner). One meal was considered with inadequate protein intake if its content was <30 g or 0.4 g/kg. Functionality was assessed with two validated questionnaires. One for instrumental activities of daily living (Lawton) and another for activities of daily living (Barthel). We calculated a score according to each author's scales. This score was divided into three possible groups as low, middle, and high scores. To analyze the association between inadequate protein intake per meal and functionality, we used multinomial logistic regression. The outcome variable was functionality (High was the reference group, middle and low scores were considered as impaired functionality), and the predictive variables were inadequate protein intake at breakfast, lunch, and dinner. They were adjusted for age, BMI categories, number of diagnosed diseases, sex, and inadequate protein intake per day (<1.2 g/kg/d).

Official Title
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Inadequate Protein Intake at Specific Meals and Functionality in Middle to Older Aged Mexican Adults

Conditions
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Aging

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: No intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Subjects able to stand up and walk independently or with walking sticks only. Subjects able to answer questionnaires independently or with minimum caregivers' assistance. Exclusion Criteria: Subjects reporting any kind of hospitalization within the last year.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 50 Years
Maximum Age: 95 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Participants<br>Middle to older aged (>50 years) Mexican adults attending to the Geriatrics Department from the Western General Hospital (Zapopan, Jalisco,Mexico). | Other: No intervention<br>* Cross-sectional<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Functionality on Instrumental Activities of Daily Living | Functionality score for instrumental activities of daily living (assessed with Lawton questionnaire). This instrument assess how well the subject perform some daily activities involving tools (e.g. handling finances, taking medication, using the telephone). The instrument consists on five items for men and eight for women, and each item is coded for 0 or 1 depending on if subjects are capable to successfully complete the activity. Therefore, the score ranges from 0 to 5 in men and 0 to 8 in women, the higher the score, the more functional the subject. | One day | 
| Functionality on Activities of Daily Living | Functionality score for activities of daily living (assessed with Barthel questionnaire). This instrument assess how well the subject perform some daily activities (e.g. dressing, using stairs). The instrument consists on ten items for both men and women coded as 0 or multiples of 5 (i.e. 5, 10, 15) depending on if subjects are capable to successfully complete the activity. The score ranges from 0 to 100 for both men and women, the higher the score, the more functional the subject. | One day | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Protein intake, Older adults, Mexican adults, Functionality