Effective Analgesia During Routine Immunizations

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to observe and measure the analgesic effectiveness of the 5 S's (swaddling, side/stomach position, shushing, swinging, and sucking) alone and combined with sucrose, during routine immunizations at 2 and 4 month well child visits.

Detailed Description
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Study Procedure Infants meeting inclusion criteria were identified daily by reviewing the list of patients scheduled for a 2 or 4 month well child visit at the outpatient site. The parent or legal guardian was approached prior to vaccination by the research assistant for participation in the study. If the parent/guardian accepted to participate in the vaccine study, the consenting process was performed and patients were brought to a designated examination room. Infants of parents or guardians who consented were randomly assigned to one of four study groups using pre-sealed cards. Ten cards were assigned to each group for a total of 40 cards, which were recycled with each group of 40 infants enrolled into the study. The four groups of the study included: 2 ml of water 2 minutes prior to immunization and comfort by parent or guardian after Immunization (Control Group) 2 ml of 24% oral sucrose 2 minutes prior to immunization and comfort by parent or guardian after immunization (Sucrose Group) 2 ml of water 2 minutes prior to immunization and physical intervention using the 5 S's by researcher after immunization (Physical Group) 2 ml of 24% oral sucrose 2 minutes prior to immunization and physical intervention using the 5 S's by researcher after immunization (Physical and Sucrose Group)

Official Title
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Effective Analgesia Using the 5 S's During Routine Immunizations at 2 and 4 Months

Conditions
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Pain

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: infants with a gestational age between 32-42 weeks at delivery and post-natal age of less than 20 weeks old Exclusion Criteria: acetaminophen or ibuprofen administration within 4 hours prior to immunization, current neurological disorder, known genetic anomaly, moderate to severe illness with or without fever at the time of vaccination, anaphylactic reaction to previous dose of vaccine, or if infant was previously enrolled in the study at 2 months.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 2 Months
Maximum Age: 4 Months

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| control<br>water and normal physical comfort provided by mom | |
| sucrose<br>sugar and normal physical comfort provided by mom | |
| physical intervention<br>physical intervention using the 5 S's and water | |
| physical intervention and sucrose<br>Physical intervention using the 5 S's and sugar water | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| To measure analgesic effectiveness of the 5 S's (swaddling, side/stomach position, shushing, swinging, and sucking) alone and combined with sucrose, during routine immunizations at 2 and 4 month well child visits. | Does the 5 S's improve the percieved pain of infants receiving vaccinations. The Modified Riley Pain Scale which measure 3 aspects of pain was utilized. The scale is validated for the assessment of acute pain in preterm and term infants. | every 15 sec | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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infant, immunizations, pain, pain management, vaccines, analgesia