Community Members as Reviewers of Medical Journal Manuscripts

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Manuscripts submitted to medical journals are typically reviewed by physicians or researchers, with no input from patients or other community members. However, involvement of community members in other phases of the research process suggests that they provide distinct and useful expertise. Such involvement may lead to enhanced understanding of community priorities, refinement of study designs to minimize participant burden, and increased recruitment and retention of subjects. The investigators propose a randomized controlled trial involving 24 community members who will receive training and mentoring in reviewing manuscripts. A total of 568 manuscripts submitted to 2 medical journals will be randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. Intervention manuscripts will be reviewed by both a community member and by scientific reviewers while control manuscripts will be reviewed only by scientific reviewers. Journal editorial teams will use all reviews to help them make decisions about acceptance, revision, or rejection of manuscripts.

Detailed Description
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Manuscripts submitted to medical journals are typically reviewed by physicians or researchers, with no input from patients or other community members. However, involvement of community members in other phases of the research process suggests that they provide distinct and useful expertise. Such involvement may lead to enhanced understanding of community priorities, refinement of study designs to minimize participant burden, and increased recruitment and retention of subjects. In general, community involvement in research is more common in the earlier phases of the research process (selection of research question and development of a study protocol) and less common in later phases (dissemination and implementation of findings). In the investigators' previous work, they conducted a pilot study that recruited and trained community members to review medical journal manuscripts. They found that community reviewers were much more likely than scientific reviewers to comment on i) the relevance of the study to patients and communities, ii) the diversity and complexity of the study participants, iii) the social context of the condition studied, and iv) barriers to implementation of study findings by patients and communities. The investigators now propose a randomized controlled trial involving 24 community members who will receive training and mentoring in reviewing manuscripts. A total of 568 manuscripts submitted to 2 medical journals will be randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. Intervention manuscripts will be reviewed by both a community member and by scientific reviewers while control manuscripts will be reviewed only by scientific reviewers. Community reviewers will follow each journal's instructions regarding electronic access to manuscripts, use of drop-down menus and free-text boxes to address specific aspects of the review, and completion within the time frame specified by the journal. Journal editorial teams will use all reviews to help them make decisions about acceptance, revision, or rejection of manuscripts. Quantitative and qualitative analyses will i) compare the content of community and scientific reviews, ii) determine the usefulness of community reviews to journal editors, and iii) explore how community reviewer comments are integrated into published articles. The proposed project is a novel approach to engaging health disparity populations and other community members in dissemination of research findings. This approach has the potential to provide new and distinct perspectives, to increase the quality and relevance of articles published in medical journals, and to enhance dissemination and implementation of research findings. Primary Aim A. To compare community member reviews with those of scientific reviewers. Hypothesis: Compared to scientific reviewers, community reviewers will be more likely to comment on relevance to patients and communities, subject diversity, social context, and implementation barriers. Primary Aim B. To determine the usefulness of community member reviews to editors. Hypothesis: Editors will report utilizing community reviewer comments in manuscript decisions. Secondary Aim C. To explore how community reviews are integrated into published articles. Hypothesis: Community perspectives that were not present in manuscripts at the time of original submission will subsequently be discernible in published articles.

Official Title
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Community Members as Reviewers of Medical Journal Manuscripts

Conditions
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Peer Review, Research

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Community Reviewers


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Community Reviewer Eligibility: Inclusion Criteria: 18 years or older At least a high school diploma Proficient in English speaking, reading, and writing Computer access Personal experience (having the condition or being a caregiver to someone with the condition) with 1 or more of these conditions: Cancer, diabetes, dementia, heart disease, hypertension, liver disease, lung disease, kidney disease, and stroke Exclusion Criteria: Children under 18 years of age Non-high school graduates Individuals who work in health care settings Individuals who have formal training in health care or scientific research Manuscript Eligibility: Inclusion Criteria: Full length Original research

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: 24 community members will receive training and mentoring in reviewing manuscripts. The trial will involve 568 manuscripts that will be randomly assigned to two groups using a random number generator.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Community Reviewers<br>24 community members will receive training and mentoring in reviewing manuscripts. Approximately 284 manuscripts will be randomized into the intervention group over the duration of the study. Manuscripts will be reviewed by both a community member and scientific reviewers. | Other: Community Reviewers<br>* Intervention manuscripts will be reviewed by both a trained community member and scientific reviewers. Community reviewers will follow each journal's instructions regarding electronic access to manuscripts, use of drop-down menus and free-text boxes to address specific aspects of the review, and completion within the time frame specified by the journal.The journal editorial team will use all reviews to make decisions about acceptance, revision, or rejection of manuscripts.<br>|
| No Intervention: Scientific Reviewers Only<br>Approximately 284 manuscripts will be randomized into the control group over the duration of the study. Manuscripts will be reviewed by multiple scientific reviewers. Community reviewers will not be involved in reviewing these manuscripts. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| To compare community member reviews with those of scientific reviewers. | The investigators will examine community and scientific reviewer ratings of intervention group manuscripts, including overall recommendations and ratings of specific aspects of the manuscripts. The overall recommendation categories will be converted into a 4 point Likert scale and combine data across journals. | 5 years | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| To determine the usefulness of community member reviews to editors. | The investigators will examine editor ratings of the usefulness of intervention group manuscript reviews submitted by community and scientific reviewers. The investigators will use qualitative analyses to identify specific themes present in editors' responses to open-ended questions about the usefulness of community reviews. | 5 years | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Peer Review, Community-Based Research, Community Perspectives