Water Exercise and Health (WATHEALTH)

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Aquatic cycling is becoming more popular as it appears to be more suitable for men and women even with poor physical activity level. Commercial tagline highlight beneficial effect of this activity on weight management. However there are poor information concerning the energy response induced by this activity. The aim of this project is to investigate effect of water temperature on energetic response (energy expenditure and food intake) of cycling exercise in water in normal weight and overweight premenopausal women.

Detailed Description
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After inclusion visit, all subject will be submitted to DXA to obtain body composition data. Then subjects will be submitted to four experimental session in a semi-randomized order. For all those session, subjects will take a standardized breakfast (570kcal) three hours before experimental session. Control session (CON): subject will stand sited without any activity during 40 min. Subjects will be submitted to three aquatic cycling exercise session: session 27°C :aquatic cycling at 27°C without water jet during 40 min session 27°C+ water jets : aquatic cycling at 27 °C with water jets during 40 min session 18°C : aquatic cycling at 187°C without water jet during 40 min Every exercise session will be set at 70% of theorical maximal heart rate During each session, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production will be analysed with gas analysis system. Appetite and hunger sensation will be measured with a specific scale at different time point of each day of experimental session. Thirty minutes after the end of each experimental session subjects will have a buffet meal for lunch time.

Official Title
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Effect of Water Temperature on Energy Response During Aquatic Cycling in Women: Impact of Weight Status

Conditions
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Overweight, Hunger

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Food intake


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Women aged between 20 and 40 years BMI under 25kg.m2 for normal weight women and between 25 and 29,9 kg.m2 for overweight women Daily breakfast Subject which approved informed consent Subject with French medical affiliation Exclusion Criteria: Specific medical treatment Aquaphobia Subject under specific diet regimen or weight loss program Subject with cardio-vascular disease Surgical intervention less than 3 months Subject refusing informed and written consent Subject without French medical affiliation subject refusing inscription to the national voluntary list subject being in an exclusion period subject smoking or drinking alcohol frequently subject with intense physical activity

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Interventional Model Description: participants may receive different interventions sequentially during the protocol
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: normal weight women<br>20 women with a body mass index ranging between 18,5 and 24,9 kg.m2 | Behavioral: Food intake<br>* For all those session, subjects will take a standardized breakfast (570kcal) three hours before experimental session. Control session (CON): subject will stand sited without any activity during 40 min. Subjects will be submitted to three aquatic cycling exercise session: session 27°C :aquatic cycling at 27°C without water jet during 40 min session 27°C+ water jets : aquatic cycling at 27 °C with water jets during 40 min session 18°C : aquatic cycling at 187°C without water jet during 40 min Every exercise session will be set at 70% of theorical maximal heart rate During each session, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production will be analysed with gas analysis system. Appetite and hunger sensation will be measured with a specific scale at different time point of each day of experimental session. Thirty minutes after the end of each experimental session subjects will have a buffet meal for lunch time.<br>|
| Experimental: overweight women<br>20 women with a body mass index ranging between 25 and 29,9 kg.m2 | Behavioral: Food intake<br>* For all those session, subjects will take a standardized breakfast (570kcal) three hours before experimental session. Control session (CON): subject will stand sited without any activity during 40 min. Subjects will be submitted to three aquatic cycling exercise session: session 27°C :aquatic cycling at 27°C without water jet during 40 min session 27°C+ water jets : aquatic cycling at 27 °C with water jets during 40 min session 18°C : aquatic cycling at 187°C without water jet during 40 min Every exercise session will be set at 70% of theorical maximal heart rate During each session, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production will be analysed with gas analysis system. Appetite and hunger sensation will be measured with a specific scale at different time point of each day of experimental session. Thirty minutes after the end of each experimental session subjects will have a buffet meal for lunch time.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Food intake during buffet meal 30 minutes after the end of experimental session | total energy intake at the post session lunch will be calculated by measuring food intake | Day 7 | 
| Food intake during buffet meal 30 minutes after the end of experimental session | total energy intake at the post session lunch will be calculated by measuring food intake | Day 14 | 
| Food intake during buffet meal 30 minutes after the end of experimental session | total energy intake at the post session lunch will be calculated by measuring food intake | Day 21 | 
| Food intake during buffet meal 30 minutes after the end of experimental session | total energy intake at the post session lunch will be calculated by measuring food intake | Day 28 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Appetite, hunger and satiety | using a visual analog scale from 0 millimeter (no sensation) to 100mm (highest sensation) | Day 7 | 
| Appetite, hunger and satiety | using a visual analog scale from 0 millimeter (no sensation) to 100mm (highest sensation) | Day 14 | 
| Appetite, hunger and satiety | using a visual analog scale from 0 millimeter (no sensation) to 100mm (highest sensation) | Day 21 | 
| Appetite, hunger and satiety | using a visual analog scale from 0 millimeter (no sensation) to 100mm (highest sensation) | Day 28 | 
| Energy expenditure | with a gas analyser energy expenditure will be measured in kcal | Day 7 | 
| Energy expenditure | with a gas analyser energy expenditure will be measured in kcal | Day 14 | 
| Energy expenditure | with a gas analyser energy expenditure will be measured in kcal | Day 21 | 
| Energy expenditure | with a gas analyser energy expenditure will be measured in kcal | Day 28 | 
| Perceived exertion | using Borg scale perceived exertion will be evaluated between 6 (very light) and 20 (extremely difficult) | Day 7 | 
| Perceived exertion | using Borg scale perceived exertion will be evaluated between 6 (very light) and 20 (extremely difficult) | Day 14 | 
| Perceived exertion | using Borg scale perceived exertion will be evaluated between 6 (very light) and 20 (extremely difficult) | Day 21 | 
| Perceived exertion | using Borg scale perceived exertion will be evaluated between 6 (very light) and 20 (extremely difficult) | Day 28 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Energy expenditure, Food intake, Women, aquacycling