Immunomonitoring and Biomarker Research in Patients With Squamous Cell Anal Carcinoma

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Even if squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCA) is a rare disease, its incidence increases worldwide. SCCA is mostly induced by Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and HPV-related oncoproteins (E6 and E7) are expressed in more than 90% of SCCA. T stage and N stage are recognized prognostic factors for local and/or distant recurrence in SCCA patients treated by chemoradiotherapy. In fact, ≥T3 or ≥N1 anal cancers are associated with as high as 50% of disease recurrence rate at 2 years. The University Hospital of Besançon with the Gercor conducted a prospective clinical trial (Epitopes HPV02 study) including 69 advanced SCCA patients and established a new standard of care based on Docetaxel, Cisplatin and 5-FU (5-FluoroUracil) chemotherapy (DCF). Among 69 patients treated with DCF regimen, 66 patients were evaluable for efficacy end-points. The objective response rate was 86% including 44% of complete response, and 47% of patients were progression-free at 12 months of follow-up from the first cycle of DCF treatment. Thus, the Epitopes-HPV02 trial has demonstrated a high response rate of the DCF regimen with a higher than expected 12 months progression-free survival rate.These results raised the hypothesis of DCF being an immunogenic chemotherapy and in that demonstrating a possibly new role of taxane-based chemotherapy in SCCA patients. More than 50% of patients in complete remission had a detectable immunological response against peptides derived from HPV oncoproteins (E6 or E7) or from the telomerase antigen (which is transactivated by E6). LAND study will enroll patients with locally advanced SCCA enrolled in OPTIMANAL clinical trial. OPTIMANAL study will assess the feasibility and efficacy to combine nivolumab to mDCF chemotherapy, followed by the standard chemo-radiotherapy, in high risk locally advanced SCCA patients with T3/T4 N1a or N1b/N1c disease. LAND study is an exploratory translational study, which will analyze the biological mechanisms of action and our ability to track the immune responses against HPV and telomerase. The investigator group will take advantage of the presence of HPV antigens in most patients to set up a specific immunomonitoring program based on tumor samples and blood-derived lymphocytes to better understand the potential synergisms between immunogenic chemotherapy and anti-PD1 (Programmed Death-1), and to identify valuable biomarkers of treatment efficacy.

Official Title
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Immunomonitoring and Biomarker Research Based on Tumor and Blood Samples in Patients With Squamous Cell Anal Carcinoma

Conditions
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Anal Canal Cancer

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Additional biological samples


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Male or female, age ≥18 years, Patients enrolled in OPTIMANAL trial Signed and dated informed consent for LAND-translational study Histologically proved squamous cell anal carcinoma. Exclusion Criteria: Patient with any medical or psychiatric condition or disease, which would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study, Patient under guardianship, curators or under the protection of justice.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Cohort LAND<br>Patients enrolled in OPTIMANAL clinical trial | Other: Additional biological samples<br>* Biomonitoring blood sample will be collected: 6 EDTA tubes (6 mL) for PBMC (peripheral blood mononucleated cell), 1 EDTA tube (6 mL) for plasma freezing and 2 EDTA tubes (4 mL) for ctDNA: at baseline, at first tumor assessment (phase 2 in OPTIMANAL study), at second tumor assessment (phase 4 in OPTIMANAL study), at end-point visit. A tumor biopsy or archived tumor sample will be mandatory at baseline.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Peripheral CD4 anti-telomerase immunity and MDSC (Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells) analysis | Correlation of both peripheral CD4 anti-telomerase immunity and MDSC with progression-free survival. | 24 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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locally advanced SCCA, DCF, radiotherapy, nivolumab, biomarkers