Advanced Therapeutics in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
This study will evaluate the retention rates of two advanced therapies, Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Janus kinase inhibitor (JAK) in the treatment of adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) over a two year period. It will also examine the ability to embed a clinical trial in a clinical situation using an electronic medical record (EMR).

Detailed Description
-----------------
Conventional therapies for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) treatment include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitors, corticosteroids and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). These therapies are often partially effective. For those patients, where conventional therapies have failed to alleviate their symptoms, Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNFis) is often prescribed to treat the pain and inflammation associated with RA. The main problem with TNFi and other advanced therapies in RA is retention. At least ¼ of patients stop treatment within a year and another ⅕ to ¼ in the second year, mostly due to secondary loss of efficacy. Another advanced therapy, the Janus kinase inhibitor (JAK) has demonstrated similar efficacy to TNFi treatment in RA. This trial will determine if using a different class of treatment (small molecule, oral drug, JAK kinase inhibitor) will have a better retention than a TNFi (using the most commonly prescribed TNFi for RA in Canada).

Official Title
-----------------
Advanced Therapeutics in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Conditions
-----------------
Rheumatoid Arthritis

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Drug: Etanercept
* Drug: tofacitinib


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: patients with RA who meet criteria for obtaining an advanced therapeutic through usual care active RA with 5 or more swollen joints seropositive presence of erosions failure of methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine failure of Leflunomide -> or equal to 18 years able to provide consent able to attend usual follow up visits Exclusion Criteria: no contraindication to etanercept or tofacitinib active serious infection active Tuberculosis multiple sclerosis current cancer lymphoma ever previous use of an advanced therapeutic (biologic or JAK kinase inhibitor) less than 18 years of age unable to provide consent

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Pragmatic, open-label, randomized trial
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: etanercept<br>etanercept 50 mg subcutaneously injected per week | Drug: Etanercept<br>* injection<br>* Other names: Brenzys;|
| Active Comparator: tofacitinib<br>tofacitinib 5 mg orally daily | Drug: tofacitinib<br>* tablet<br>* Other names: Jakvinus;|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Retention Rates | Evaluation of the proportion of patients in each arm still on the randomized treatment | 24 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mean Change in Disease Activity | The mean change from baseline in the Clinical Disease Activity Index in each arm of the study. The Clinical Disease Activity Index measures the number of tender or swollen joints, patient global assessment of disease activity, and provider global assessment of disease activity. Total tender joint count=0-28, total swollen joint count=0-28, patient global score=0-10, provider global score=0-10. Total range score=0-76. Higher values for all subscales, tender and swollen joints, global assessments indicate higher disease activity. Scores for subscales are combined to calculate the total score. | 24 months | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Tumour Necrosis Factor, Janus kinase inhibitor