Factors Associated With Quality of Dreams During General Anesthesia

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Patients frequently report having dreams during general anesthesia. The incidence of dreams during general anesthesia that have been reported by patients upon awakening has been reported to range from 10 to 36% [1] and to be higher in younger patients, female patients [2], and patients who received ketamine [3]. The quality of dreams during general anesthesia is often reported as pleasant, but some patients report unpleasant or not pleasant dreams [4, 5]. However, the factors associated with the quality of dreams have remained to be elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationships between the quality of dreams during general anesthesia and perioperative factors.

Official Title
-----------------
Factors Associated With Quality of Dreams During General Anesthesia: a Prospective Observational Study

Conditions
-----------------
Dream, General Anesthesia, Perioperative Factors, Depression

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Quality of Dream


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: We recruited patients who were more than 20 years of age Patients who were scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia regardless of the type of surgery Exclusion Criteria: diagnosis of a psychological disorder, major afective disorder major drug dependence disorder, inability to understand the content of our study, planned postoperative ventilation, anticipation of unavailability for postoperative interviews

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| General anesthesia Group<br> | Other: Quality of Dream<br>* Patients frequently report having dreams during general anesthesia, and the dreams are often reported to be pleasant dreams. However, factors associated with the quality of dreams during general anesthesia have not been clarifed. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between the quality of dreams during general anesthesia and perioperative factors. This prospective observational study included patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Anesthesia information | Anesthesia was maintained with a general anesthetic (propofol, sevofurane, or desfurane) and remifentanil. Some patients also received a peripheral nerve block. Anesthetic management including the choice of a general anesthestic (propofol, sevofurane, or desflurane) depended on the decision of the anesthesiologists in charge | During the operation | 
| Dream interview | The following questions were asked. What was the last thing you remember before going to sleep? What was the frst thing you remember from when you woke up? Can you recall anything between? Did you have any dreams while under anesthesia? How did you feel about your dream: pleasant, indiferent or unpleasant? | After extubation, patients were interviewed about intraoperative dreams in the operating room as soon as they were oriented to time, place, and person | 
| Depression level | The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), which is a self-report questionnaire, was used for evaluation of anxious and depressive states in the participants | the day before surgery |