Enhancing Support for Women at Risk for Heart Disease

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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To test a practical, theory-based intervention to achieve long-term behavior change for postmenopausal women with Type 2 diabetes at high risk for developing coronary heart disease (CHD).

Detailed Description
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BACKGROUND: The overall goal of this study was to test a practical, theory-based intervention to achieve long-term behavior change for women with Type 2 diabetes at high risk for developing coronary heart disease (CHD). Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that diabetes is associated with increased risk for CHD that is greater in women than in men. CHD is a major cause of death and functional limitations in women, but the vast majority of CHD studies have primarily involved middle-aged men. There is convincing research evidence that healthy lifestyle behaviors, including low-fat diet, physical activity, stress management, smoking cessation, and social support, can reduce CHD risk The study was initiated in response to a Request for Applications released in October 1997 by the National Institutes of Health Office of the Director on Innovative Approaches to Disease Prevention Through Behavior Change. DESIGN NARRATIVE: The study was a randomized trial to compare short-term (6-month) outcomes in women receiving usual care compared to a modified Ornish-type comprehensive lifestyle management (CLM) intervention. Participants (N = 279) were randomized to usual care (UC) or Mediterranean Lifestyle Program, a lifestyle change intervention aimed at the behavioral risk factors (eating patterns, physical activity, stress management, and social support) affecting risk for CHD in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. After 6 months, women in the CLM condition were randomized to one of two approaches for providing support either lay-led group support or personalized computer-based support - to evaluate these strategies in enhancing longer-term maintenance of effects. Outcomes included multiple CHD lifestyle behaviors (e.g., dietary intake, exercise levels, stress management, smoking cessation), physiological risk factors associated with CHD (e.g., serum lipids, hypertension, weight, vascular reactivity), HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin, a measure of diabetes), and quality of life (e.g., depression, functioning).

Conditions
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Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Diseases, Coronary Disease, Coronary Heart Disease Risk Reduction, Diabetes Mellitus, Non-insulin Dependent

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: diet
* Behavioral: physical activity
* Behavioral: stress management
* Behavioral: smoking cessation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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No eligibility criteria

Ages Eligible for Study
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Maximum Age: 100 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized


Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Behavioral: diet|nan|
|Behavioral: physical activity|nan|
|Behavioral: stress management|nan|
|Behavioral: smoking cessation|nan|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |