The Effect of Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization in Adhesive Capsulıtıs Treatment

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The primer aim of this study is to demonstrate the effect of instrument assisted soft tissue mobılızatıon on paın ,functıonality, joint range of motion patients with adhesive capsulitis

Detailed Description
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Adhesive capsulitis is also called arthrofibrosis, which involves excessive adhesion formation along the glenohumeral joint. It is a disease of unknown etiology and is classified as primary and secondary. Primary adhesive capsulitis includes cases of idiopathic origin resulting from chronic inflammation with fibroblast proliferation. Secondary adhesive capsulitis, central nervous system involvement, arm immobilized for a long time, trauma or fracture, infectious diseases, etc. Includes post-mortem situations. It is characterized by shoulder pain, decreased range of motion, and limitation of function. This affects the function of the entire upper extremity. Idiopathic adhesive capsulitis usually involves the non-dominant upper extremity, with bilateral involvement in 40-50% of cases. It is more common in women between the ages of 40 and 60. The incidence of adhesive capsulitis among the population is between 3% and 5%. It has been reported with up to 20% higher incidence in the diabetic population. It is also associated with other pathological disorders such as thyroid dysfunction, coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease. Although the pathology is self-limiting, long-term symptoms develop in approximately 20% to 50% of cases. Adhesive capsulitis progression is characterized by four stages, each stage presenting a distinctive clinical picture. The painful phase lasts less than three months and presents with shoulder pain at night when glenohumeral movement is preserved. The freezing process lasts three to nine months and is manifested by severe pain and stiffness in the glenohumeral joint. The frozen shoulder process lasts nine to fourteen months and is eventually characterized by loss of motion and pain in all directions. The resolution phase lasts for fifteen to twenty-four months and is characterized by persistent stiffness, minimal pain, and delayed improvement in shoulder motion. Abnormal shoulder kinematics develops in response to the lack of extensibility of the capsule with the change in motor patterns in the central nervous system. Increased thoracic kyphosis can be seen as postural deviations. However, fibrotic changes are also seen in the periarticular connective tissue and trigger points. This presents as a higher level of disability with painful shoulder. Physiotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for patients with adhesive capsulitis. Joint mobilization has a proven role in conjunction with Codman's exercises. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Diathermy is used in the treatment to reduce pain. Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) is a soft tissue mobilization method that works by generating localized inflammation and facilitates collagen synthesis and realignment. In fact, when IASTM is given to soft tissues with appropriate pressure, localized inflammation occurs with microvascular bleeding. This will increase blood flow to the injured area along with the recruitment of more fibroblasts. With the removal of scar tissues and adhesions, healing will be supported by the organization of collagen of fibroblasts. The fibronectin induced by IASTM is required for tissue repair. A localized force will be transmitted through an instrument to the affected tissues to leave a scar. IASTM has become increasingly popular as a tool for the rehabilitation of sports injuries. It has been proven to be successful in a short time in reducing pain and increasing mobility after sports injuries. There are studies showing an increase in ROM after a single application of this technique. It is known that it takes a long time to relieve pain and achieve a good improvement in ROM in adhesive capsulitis. This affects their quality of life and creates the need for treatment options that provide a shorter recovery time. Various conservative protocols are followed with physical therapy as the main treatment in adhesive capsulitis. Few studies have used IASTM as a treatment to evaluate its effect on adhesive capsulitis.

Official Title
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The Effect of Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization in Adhesive Capsulıtıs Treatment

Conditions
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Adhesive Capsulitis, ınstrument assısted Soft tıssue molılızatıon

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: soft tissue mobilization
* Other: conventional physical therapy


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: - 1.Male and Female patients aged 20-60 years 2.Diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis 2. Loss of range of motion in the capsular pattern (external rotation > abduction > internal rotation) will be included in the study. 3. consent to participate Exclusion Criteria: 1. Injury to the upper extremity in the last 6 months 2. Shoulder injection in the last 6 months 3. Existing open wound in the upper extremity area 4. Previous upper extremity surgery 5. Being hypersensitive 6. Having a generalized infection 7. Having uncontrolled hypertension 8. Inability to cooperate; 9. The patient's unwillingness to participate in the study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: randomızed controlled trıal
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: soft tissue mobilization+conventional physical therapy<br>Hot-pack to warm the superficial tissue, TENS for pain relief, ultrasound (US) to warm the joint structures before mobilization techniques, ROM, stretching, and isometric strengthening exercises to restore joint mobility and function of the shoulder area soft tissue mobilization; For the shoulder area, the application will take between 3-5 minutes. Instrumental Soft tissue mobilization will be performed while the participant is sitting in a supported chair, parallel to the shoulder and scapular muscle fibers and at an angle of 45 degrees to the vertical. Patients will be told that there may be small red spots called petechiae in the treated area. The application will be made using Graston iron rods. | Device: soft tissue mobilization<br>* soft tissue mobilization; For the shoulder area, the application will take between 3-5 minutes. Instrumental Soft tissue mobilization will be performed while the participant is sitting in a supported chair, parallel to the shoulder and scapular muscle fibers and at an angle of 45 degrees to the vertical. Patients will be told that there may be small red spots called petechiae in the treated area. The application will be made using Graston iron rods.<br>Other: conventional physical therapy<br>* Hot-pack to warm the superficial tissue, TENS for pain relief, ultrasound (US) to warm the joint structures before mobilization techniques, ROM, stretching, and isometric strengthening exercises to restore joint mobility and function of the shoulder area<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: conventional physical therapy<br>Hot-pack to warm the superficial tissue, TENS for pain relief, ultrasound to warm the joint structures before mobilization techniques, ROM, stretching, and isometric strengthening exercises to restore joint mobility and function of the shoulder area. | Other: conventional physical therapy<br>* Hot-pack to warm the superficial tissue, TENS for pain relief, ultrasound (US) to warm the joint structures before mobilization techniques, ROM, stretching, and isometric strengthening exercises to restore joint mobility and function of the shoulder area<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) | Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain assesment .In tgis scale ,evaluaments paın with 10- point Likert scale , 0 is scored as no pain,5 as modarete pain , and 10 as excrucıatıng pain. | baseline | 
| Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) | Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain assesment .In tgis scale ,evaluaments paın with 10- point Likert scale , 0 is scored as no pain,5 as modarete pain , and 10 as excrucıatıng pain. | 2. week (in the middle of treatment) | 
| Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) | Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain assesment .In tgis scale ,evaluaments paın with 10- point Likert scale , 0 is scored as no pain,5 as modarete pain , and 10 as excrucıatıng pain. | 4. week (at the end of treatment) | 
| The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) | SPADI is a pain and functional disability questionnaire specifically for the shoulder. It is divided into two parts: the pain scale (5 questions) and the disability scale (8 questions). Each question is rated on a scale from 0 to 10. The final score is calculated as a percentage. | baseline | 
| The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) | SPADI is a pain and functional disability questionnaire specifically for the shoulder. It is divided into two parts: the pain scale (5 questions) and the disability scale (8 questions). Each question is rated on a scale from 0 to 10. The final score is calculated as a percentage. | 2. week (in the middle of treatment) | 
| The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) | SPADI is a pain and functional disability questionnaire specifically for the shoulder. It is divided into two parts: the pain scale (5 questions) and the disability scale (8 questions). Each question is rated on a scale from 0 to 10. The final score is calculated as a percentage. | 4. week (at the end of treatment) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| joint range of motion | measured using a protractor. Shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, internal rotation and external rotation intervals are measured in the supine position. | baseline | 
| joint range of motion | measured using a protractor. Shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, internal rotation and external rotation intervals are measured in the supine position. | 2. week (in the middle of treatment) | 
| joint range of motion | measured using a protractor. Shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, internal rotation and external rotation intervals are measured in the supine position. | 4. week (at the end of treatment) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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adhesıve capsulıtis, ınstrument assısted soft tıssue molılızatıon