Study in Parkinson Disease of Exercise

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study is a Phase 3 multi-site, randomized, evaluator-masked, study of endurance treadmill exercise on changes in the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part III score at 12 months among persons with early stage Parkinson disease. 370 participants will be randomly assigned to 2 groups: 1)60-65% HRmax or 2)80-85% HRmax 4 times per week. The primary objective is to test whether the progression of the signs of Parkinson's disease is attenuated at 12 months in among persons who have not initiated medication for Parkinson Disease (PD) when they perform high-intensity endurance treadmill exercise.

Detailed Description
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This study is a Phase 3 multi-site, randomized, evaluator-masked, study of endurance treadmill exercise on changes in the MDS-UPDRS Part III score at 12 months. 370 persons diagnosed with Parkinson's disease who have not yet initiated dopaminergic therapy, age 40-80, will be randomly assigned to 2 groups: 1)60-65% HRmax or 2)80-85% HRmax 4 times per week. Secondary objectives will test hypotheses related to striatal specific binding ratio (SSBR) at 12 months, MDS-UPDRS Part III score, ambulatory mobility (6-minute walk), daily walking activity (steps), cognition, quality of life, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood-derived biomarkers of inflammation and neurotrophic factors at 12 and 18 months. Tertiary objectives will test hypotheses related to 2 characteristics of ambulation at 12 and 18 months. Exploratory objectives will test hypotheses related to the effects of removing the study support that was provided over 18 months on the sustainability and durability of the exercise effects at 24 months. Approximately 29 sites will enroll participants: 27 sites that cover all geographic regions of the USA and 2 sites in Canada. All sites will have a collaboration between movement disorders and exercise specialists.

Official Title
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Study in Parkinson Disease of Exercise Phase 3 Clinical Trial: SPARX3

Conditions
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Parkinson Disease

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Treadmill walking


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: A diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson Disease based on the modified * United Kingdom (UK) PD brain bank criteria and which are consistent with recent criteria proposed for clinically established early established Parkinson's disease that no longer exclude individuals with a family history of Parkinson's disease. Hoehn and Yahr stages less than 3 Disease duration: less than 3 years since disease diagnosis Age 40-80 years Positive DaTscan™ SPECT by quantitative readout for idiopathic Parkinson disease. Exclusion Criteria: Currently being treated with PD medications such as levodopa or dopamine receptor agonists, monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors, amantadine, or anticholinergics. Expected to require treatment with medication for PD in the first 6 months of the study. Use of any PD medication 60 days prior to the baseline visit including but not limited to levodopa, direct dopamine agonists, amantadine, Rasagiline (Azilect), Selegiline (Eldepryl), Artane (trihexyphenidyl). Duration of previous use of medications for PD exceeds 60 days. Use of neuroleptics/dopamine receptor blockers for more than 30 days in the year prior to baseline visit, or any use within 30 days of baseline visit Presence of known cardiovascular, metabolic, or renal disease or individuals with major signs or symptoms suggestive of cardiovascular, metabolic, or renal disease without medical clearance to participate in the exercise program. Uncontrolled hypertension (resting blood pressure >150/90 mmHg) Individuals with orthostatic hypotension and standing systolic BP below 100 will be excluded. Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a reduction of systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mm Hg within 3 minutes of standing. Hypo- or hyperthyroidism (TSH <0.5 or >5.0 mU/L), abnormal liver function (AST or ALT more than 2 times the upper limit of normal), abnormal renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the MDRD4 equation or the CKD-EPI equation <45mL/min/1.73m2 ). Complete Blood Count (CBC) out of range and physician's judgment that abnormal value is clinically significant. Recent use of psychotropic medications (e.g., anxiolytics, hypnotics, benzodiazepines, antidepressants) where dosage has not been stable for 28 days prior to screening. Serious illness (requiring systemic treatment and/or hospitalization) within the last 4 weeks. Any other clinically significant medical condition, psychiatric condition, drug or alcohol abuse, assessment or laboratory abnormality that would, in the judgment of the investigator, interfere with the subject's ability to participate in the study. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score of <24. Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI) score > 28, indicating severe depression that precludes ability to exercise. Any subject with such a score will be referred to a PCP or physician for further evaluation and management of depression. Individuals with a BDI-II score of 17-28 will be excluded if any of the following conditions are met: (1) individual is suicidal, (2) is in need of depression treatment modification currently or (3) depressive symptoms likely to interfere with adherence to study protocol. Any subject with such a score will be referred to a PCP or physician for further evaluation and management of depression. Individuals who have been exercising at greater than moderate intensity for 120 minutes or more per week consistently over the last 6 months will be excluded. Greater than moderate intensity is defined as a range greater than 60-65% HRmax. These individuals are excluded since their exercise activities are greater than the activities they would experience if they were assigned to the 60-65% treatment group. As such, they would be expected to lose fitness. Use of the following within 90 days prior to the DAT neuroimaging screening evaluation: modafinil, armodafinil, metoclopramide, alpha-methyldopa, methylphenidate, reserpine, any amphetamine or amphetamine derivative, or use of buproprion within 8 days prior to the DAT neuroimaging screening evaluation. These can compromise DaTscan™ SPECT. Known allergy to iodinated products. Known hypersensitivity to DaTscan™ SPECT (either to the active substance of 123I-ioflupane or any of the excipients. (For women only) Actively breast-feeding an infant, and/or pregnant, or plan to become pregnant in the next 12 months. Other disorders, injuries, diseases, or conditions that might interfere with ability to perform endurance exercises (e.g. history of stroke, respiratory problems, traumatic brain injury, orthopedic injury, or neuromuscular disease).

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 40 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: High Intensity Exercise<br>Treadmill exercise 4x per week at 80-85% HRmax. | Behavioral: Treadmill walking<br>* Treadmill walking 4 days per week for 30 minutes in the target heart rate<br>|
| Active Comparator: Moderate Intensity Exercise<br>Treadmill exercise 4x per week at 60-65% HRmax. | Behavioral: Treadmill walking<br>* Treadmill walking 4 days per week for 30 minutes in the target heart rate<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in motor symptoms of Parkinson disease | Change from baseline in the Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale motor score (Part III). The minimum score on the MDS-UPDRS Part III is 0 and the maximum is 132 with higher scores representing worse motor symptoms. | 12 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in dopaminergic activity | Change from baseline in the striatal specific binding ratio (SSBR) as measured by dopamine transporter imaging | 12 months | 
| Change in motor symptoms of Parkinson disease | Change from baseline in the Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale motor score (Part III). The minimum score on the MDS-UPDRS Part III is 0 and the maximum is 132 with higher scores representing worse motor symptoms. | 18 months | 
| Change in walking capacity | Change from baseline in distance in 6-minute walk | 12 months | 
| Change in walking capacity | Change from baseline in distance in 6-minute walk | 18 months | 
| Change in activity | Change from baseline in the number of steps | 12 months | 
| Change in activity | Change from baseline in the number of steps | 18 months | 
| Change in cognitive function | Change from baseline in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). MoCA scores range between 0 and 30, with higher scores representing a better outcome. | 12 months | 
| Change in cognitive function | Change from baseline in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). MoCA scores range between 0 and 30, with higher scores representing a better outcome. | 18 months | 
| Change in fitness | Change from baseline in maximal oxygen consumption measured with peak oxygen volume | 12 months | 
| Change in fitness | Change from baseline in maximal oxygen consumption measured with peak oxygen volume | 18 months | 
| Change in quality of life | Change from baseline in quality of life measured with the Parkinson Disease Questionnaire-39. The PDQ-39 is a 39-item self-report questionnaire, which assesses Parkinson's disease-specific health related quality over the last month covering 8 dimensions scored on a 5 point ordinal system (0=never, 4=always). Dimension score = sum of scores of each item in the dimension divided by the maximum possible score of all the items in the dimension, multiplied by 100. Each dimension total score range from 0 (never have difficulty) to 100 (always have difficulty). Lower scores reflect better QoL. Overall score can be summarized in the Parkinson's Disease Summary Index (PDSI) or PDQ-39 Summary Index (PDQ-39 SI).PDSI or PDQ-39 SI = sum of dimension total scores divided by 8. | 12 months | 
| Change in quality of life | Change from baseline in quality of life measured with the Parkinson Disease Questionnaire-39. The PDQ-39 is a 39-item self-report questionnaire, which assesses Parkinson's disease-specific health related quality over the last month covering 8 dimensions scored on a 5 point ordinal system (0=never, 4=always). Dimension score = sum of scores of each item in the dimension divided by the maximum possible score of all the items in the dimension, multiplied by 100. Each dimension total score range from 0 (never have difficulty) to 100 (always have difficulty). Lower scores reflect better QoL. Overall score can be summarized in the Parkinson's Disease Summary Index (PDSI) or PDQ-39 Summary Index (PDQ-39 SI).PDSI or PDQ-39 SI = sum of dimension total scores divided by 8. | 18 months | 
| Initiation of dopaminergic therapy | Time to initiation of dopaminergic therapy | 12 months | 
| Change in blood derived marker of inflammation | Change from baseline in C-reactive protein | 12 months | 
| Change in blood derived marker of inflammation | Change from baseline in C-reactive protein | 18 months | 
| Change in blood derived marker of neuronal development | Change from baseline in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) | 12 months | 
| Change in blood derived marker of neuronal development | Change from baseline in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) | 18 months |