Social Cognition in Longstanding Psychosis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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In the current study, the investigators propose to measure the five domains of social cognition identified by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) as relevant to individuals with psychosis (i.e., theory of mind, attribution style, emotion recognition, social perception, and social knowledge). The investigators will also explore the association between different domains of social cognition and outcomes relevant to psychotic disorder (e.g., symptomatology, social functioning, and vocational functioning).

Detailed Description
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There is growing evidence that individuals with longstanding psychotic disorders suffer from deficits in social cognition (i.e., the cognitive skills needed to successfully navigate social interactions). However, to date, there have been few attempts to measure multiple components of social cognition within the same population of individuals with psychosis. Thus, the interrelationships between various aspects of social cognition remain unclear. In the current study, the investigators propose to measure the five domains of social cognition identified by NIMH as relevant to individuals with psychosis (i.e., theory of mind, attribution style, emotion recognition, social perception, and social knowledge). The investigators will also explore the association between different domains of social cognition and outcomes relevant to psychotic disorder (e.g., symptomatology, social functioning, and vocational functioning).

Official Title
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Social Cognition in Longstanding Psychosis

Conditions
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Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, Bipolar Disorder With Psychotic Features, Major Depression With Psychotic Features, Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified (NOS)

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder or an affective disorder with psychotic features per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-Text Revised (DSM-IV-TR) criteria using the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV. Duration of psychotic symptoms greater than or equal to 5 years determined using the Symptom Onset in Schizophrenia Inventory Age 18-75 No evidence of mental retardation. Able to provide informed consent as evidenced by passing the informed consent quiz with a score of 80% or greater. Fluent in English as assessed per self-report from participant Exclusion Criteria: Unwilling or unable to complete study assessments (e.g., unable to read self-report questionnaires) Subject is currently pregnant per subject's report

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Individuals with Longstanding Psychosis<br>Individuals with symptoms of psychosis that have been present for 5 or more years | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Emotion Recognition | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in ability to recognize emotions displayed by others assessed using the Facial Emotion Identification Test | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Attribution Style | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in tendency to attribute events that occur to situational, personal, or internal factors assessed using the Internal, Personal, and Situational Attributions Questionnaire | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Social Perception | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in ability to understand concrete and abstract components of everyday social interactions assessed using the Social Cues Recognition Test | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Social Knowledge | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in knowledge of goals and actions associated with familiar and unfamiliar social activities assessed using the Situational Features Recognition Test | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Theory of Mind | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in ability to identify the mental states of other individuals assessed using the Hinting Test | Baseline and 6 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Anxiety | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in anxiety assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Depression | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in depression assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Psychosis | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in severity of positive and negative psychotic symptoms assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Social Functioning | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in level of social functioning assessed using the Social Functioning Scale | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Service Utilization | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in utilization of medical services assessed using the Service Utilization Record Form | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Self-Determination Needs Satisfaction | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in ability to fulfill basic needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness assessed using the Basic Psychological Needs Scale | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Locus of Control | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in perception of one's ability to control events in the environment assessed using the Multidimensional Locus of Control Scale | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Cognitive representation of illness | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in understanding of nature of psychotic illness assessed using the Illness Perception Questionnaire | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Emotional Awareness | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in awareness of one's own emotions as well as emotions of others assessed using the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Mindfulness | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in awareness and acceptance of feelings and events assessed using the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Medication adherence | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in adherence to psychiatric medication assessed using the Medication Adherence Rating Scale | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Neuropsychological functioning | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in neuropsychological functioning assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Social Support | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in level of social support assessed using the Measure of Perceived Support | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Illness Uncertainty | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in uncertainty with regard to cause, course, and treatment of illness assessed using the Mischel Uncertainty in Illness Scale | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Relationship with familial caregivers | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in relationship with familial caregivers assessed using the Perception of Parents Scale | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Self-efficacy | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in confidence with regard to control of psychotic symptoms assessed using the Self-Efficacy Scale for Schizophrenia | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Experience of Stigma | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in experience of stigma with regard to mental illness assessed using the Stigma Questionnaire | Baseline and 6 months | 
| quality of life | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in quality of life assessed using the WHO Quality of Life Scale-Brief | Baseline and 6 months | 
| stage of recovery | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in stage of recovery with regard to mental illness assessed using the Stages of Recovery Instrument | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Coping skills | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in level of coping skills assessed using the Ways of Coping Questionnaire | Baseline and 6 months | 
| Time perspective | Change from baseline to 6 month assessment in time orientation assessed using the Zimbardo Time Perspective Instrument | Baseline and 6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Psychosis, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, Bipolar disorder with psychotic features, Major depression with psychotic features, Psychosis NOS, Social Cognition