Glucose:Fructose Versus Glucose Carbohydrate Ingestion and Endurance Performance

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The primary objective is to show that multiple transportable carbohydrate ingestion is more effective in improving endurance performance compared to single transportable carbohydrate ingestion.

Conditions
-----------------
Healthy

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Dietary Supplement: Mixture of glucose and fructose
* Dietary Supplement: glucose


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Males aged 18 to 60 years A history of competitive triathlon performance (≥ 2 years) Participation in at least four competitive triathlon events within the past 2 years Be in regular training for triathlon events A personal best time for a standard ½ Ironman race (1.9 km swim, 90 km cycle, 21.1 km run) in the last year of either: ≤ 6 h 00 min, for men aged 18-40 years or ≤6 h 05 min for men aged 40-50 years or ≤6 h 20 min for men aged 50-60 years Alternatively, if not competed in ½ Ironman in the last year, at least one standard distance triathlon (1.5 km swim, 40 km cycle, 10 km run) within the last 12 months: ≤2 h 13 min, for men aged 18-40 years or ≤2 h 18 min for men aged 40-50 years or ≤2 h 23 min for men aged 50-60 years Available to compete in the ½ Ironman events and complete all study requirements Experienced in using carbohydrate supplementation, as gels, bars, and drinks in training/racing, specifically at rates ≥60-90g/h) Experience of specific formulations may include both or only multiple and single transportable carbohydrates, thus a full assessment would be made prior to recruitment to ensure balance during randomization and account for any association with the primary outcome Obtained his (or his legal representative's) informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: Failure to meet health requirements defined in the Health Questionnaire Prior known fructose intolerance Wheat intolerance or other precluding food or packaging-related allergies An existing injury affecting ability to race to best ability A chronic injury that may affect ability to complete the races Unable to carry out performance assessments and questionnaires correctly Unable to tolerate the treatment during the familiarization sessions Taking medications thought to interfere with the study outcomes Currently participating or having participated in another clinical study during the last four weeks prior to the beginning of this study

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: mixture of glucose and fructose<br>mixture of glucose and fructose | Dietary Supplement: glucose<br> <br> |
| Active Comparator: Glucose<br>Single glucose | Dietary Supplement: Mixture of glucose and fructose<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| TIME to finish a long distance triathlon |  | Total time recorded at the end of the race 1 and race 2 |