Features of Regional Perfusion of Lung Consolidation

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential usefulness of lung ultrasound to assess the size and perfusion of consolidation and explore their relationships with clinical outcome.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Lung consolidation is one of the most causes of hypoxia in intensive care unit(ICU) settings. A quantitative measurement of consolidation would be extremely benefit for the clinical management in hypoxemia, both as an index of severity and to predict outcomes.In order to quantify the lung consolidation and its effect on clinical outcomes, a simple and quantitative scoring system of the size and perfusion of lung consolidation was proposed by lung ultrasound. Subjects with respiratory failure and lung consolidation proved by chest imaging underwent lung ultrasound examination. The size of consolidation and the richness of blood flow was computed upon lung ultrasound. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the scoring system were calculated and compared to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy.

Official Title
-----------------
Evaluation of Regional Perfusion of Lung Consolidation Upon Lung Ultrasonography

Conditions
-----------------
Lung Injury, Acute, Ultrasound Therapy; Complications

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Diagnostic Test: Ultrasound


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion criteria: Admission to ICU( 18yr<age<90yr); Patients presented with acute respiratory failure; Pulmonary consolidation by chest imaging (lung ultrasound, X ray or CT scan). Exclusion criteria: Hemodynamic instability (i.e., severe hypotension with systolic arterial pressure<60mmHg despite fluid expansion and vasoactive support; systolic arterial pressure>180mmHg; uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmias); Severe thoracic trauma; Coronavirus disease 2019; Pulmonary artery hypertension and pregnancy.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 90 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| the consolidation perfusion/the consolidation size<br>Patients with respiratory failure and lung consolidation proved by chest imaging underwent lung ultrasound to evaluate the regional perfusion and the size of consolidation. | Diagnostic Test: Ultrasound<br>* Each patient underwent ultrasound after admission of ICU.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| consolidation area index | The volume of consolidation was measured by consolidation area index (CAI) which is calculated from two-dimensional measures, namely the product of the core distance (from the bottom to the top of the screen) and the longitudinal distance (from the left to the right of the screen). | through study completion, an average of 2 year | 
| blood flow score | A semi-quantified scoring system based on the richness of flow signals was established. It identifies four progressive steps of blood signals, each corresponding to a score: no pulsatile blood flow-score 0; sparse dot-like blood flow-score 1; pronounced curvilinear vascularity-score 2; tree-like vascularity-score 3. | through study completion, an average of 2 year | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
lung consolidation, respiratory failure, perfusion