Role of Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Assessment of Pediatric Cerebral Stroke

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Stroke can be ischemic, hemorrhagic, or both. Early recognition and treatment of pediatric stroke are critical in optimizing long-term functional outcomes, reducing morbidity and mortality, and preventing recurrent stroke. Neuroimaging plays a vital role in achieving this goal. Neuroimaging is usually the first step in diagnosis, helping discriminate between ischemic/hemorrhagic strokes and also in the identification of underlying potential causes. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a crucial role in assessing pediatric cerebral stroke including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).

Detailed Description
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Stroke is a neurological injury caused by the occlusion or rupture of cerebral blood vessels. Stroke can be ischemic, hemorrhagic, or both. Ischemic stroke is more frequently caused by arterial occlusion, but it may also be caused by venous occlusion of cerebral veins or sinuses. Hemorrhagic stroke is the result of bleeding from a ruptured cerebral artery or from bleeding into the site of an acute ischemic stroke. Stroke is relatively rare in children but can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Understanding that children with strokes present differently than adults and often present with unique risk factors will optimize outcomes in children. Early recognition and treatment of pediatric stroke are critical in optimizing long-term functional outcomes, reducing morbidity and mortality, and preventing recurrent stroke. Neuroimaging plays a vital role in achieving this goal. Neuroimaging is usually the first step in diagnosis, helping discriminate between ischemic/hemorrhagic strokes and also in the identification of underlying potential causes MRI is a more sensitive test for early detection of an infarction. Magnetic resonance arteriography (MRA) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) should also be carried out to confirm vessel patency and define the vascular anatomy. MRA will yield further information about blood flow, and MRV will more reliably identify cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. MRI has a high sensitivity and specificity in the first hours after symptom onset with the potential to both characterize the ischemic pathology and to differentiate ischemic from hemorrhagic lesions at least as accurately as computed tomography (CT). Most common imaging protocol used for acute ischemic stroke is an emergent/urgent stroke protocol MRI with MRA. This usually takes approximately 13 min for the MRI sequences and 19 min with MRA.

Official Title
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Role of Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Assessment of Pediatric Cerebral Stroke

Conditions
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Pediatric Cerebral Stroke, Brain Infarction/Diagnosis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Magnetic Resonance Imaging


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients with acute pathological changes in the central nervous system CNS within 7 days admitted from outpatient, emergency room, or inpatient department Confirmed diagnosis of acute stroke by clinical testings performed by a neurologist Signed informed consent from the patient Exclusion Criteria: Any person with a pacemaker, metal implant, claustrophobia, or any other contraindication for MR examination Any person with epilepsy, brain tumor.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 5 Years
Maximum Age: 15 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Device: Magnetic Resonance Imaging|Diagnostic Modality|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| To compare the diagnostic accuracy of advanced MRI sequences versus the conventional sequences in early pediatric cerebral stroke. | To compare the diagnostic accuracy of advanced MRI sequences including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) with the conventional MRI sequences including T1 weighted imaging, T2 weighted imaging and fluid attenuating inversion recovery (FLAIR) in assessing pediatric cerebral stroke in assessing early infarction by DWI and presence of blood signal by SWI and comparing these findings with the MR conventional sequences. | Wiithin the first day of stroke | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion weighted imaging