Age and Refraction in Predicting Myopia Progression in COVID-19

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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To determine the longitudinal changes of age and refraction in predicting myopia progression with risk under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a 3-year follow-up of a Chinese cohort.

Detailed Description
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This was part of the large-scale Tianjin Eye Study, a population-based cohort study that longitudinally investigates the relationship between the age, refraction, and development of childhood RE in Tianjin, China.

Official Title
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The Effect of Age and Refraction in Predicting Myopia Progression With Risk Under COVID-19 in a 3-year Follow-up of a Chinese Cohort

Conditions
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Refraction Error, Myopia

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: screening


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: no concurrent eye disease; age 6-15 years. Exclusion Criteria: significant systemic illnesses ocular conditions that could affect the corneal curvature, including congenital corneal diseases, pterygium, keratoconus, other corneal degeneration or dystrophy conditions, media opacity, uveitis, glaucoma a history of intraocular surgery, refractive surgery, neurologic or retinal diseases, current corneal refractive therapy (ortho-K), low-dose atropine therapy for myopia control

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Years
Maximum Age: 15 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| 2019 screening<br>34,400 schoolchildren with a 36-month follow-up from 2019 to 2021. | Other: screening<br>* This study included 34,400 students, as part of the Tianjin Eye Study who performed a 3-year follow-up from 2019 to 2021. All participants underwent yearly noncycloplegic refraction and ocular examinations. Time-related changes in sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent (SE) measurements in both sexes were analyzed.<br>|
| 2020 screening<br>34,400 schoolchildren with a 36-month follow-up from 2019 to 2021. | Other: screening<br>* This study included 34,400 students, as part of the Tianjin Eye Study who performed a 3-year follow-up from 2019 to 2021. All participants underwent yearly noncycloplegic refraction and ocular examinations. Time-related changes in sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent (SE) measurements in both sexes were analyzed.<br>|
| 2021 screening<br>34,400 schoolchildren with a 36-month follow-up from 2019 to 2021. | Other: screening<br>* This study included 34,400 students, as part of the Tianjin Eye Study who performed a 3-year follow-up from 2019 to 2021. All participants underwent yearly noncycloplegic refraction and ocular examinations. Time-related changes in sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent (SE) measurements in both sexes were analyzed.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| changes of sphere | changes of sphere | change from baseline at 36 months | 
| changes of cylinder | changes of cylinder | change from baseline at 36 months | 
| changes of spherical equivalent | changes of spherical equivalent | change from baseline at 36 months | 
| changes and distribution of visual acuity | changes and distribution of visual acuity | change from baseline at 36 months |