viTAmin K2 and rEcOVery From ExeRcise

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of the current study, therefore, is to investigate the effects of vitamin K2 supplementation on the physiological responses to an acute bout of resistance exercise.

Official Title
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Effects of Vitamin K2 on Recovery From Muscle Damaging Exercise in Young and Older Adults

Conditions
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Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Vitamin K, Exercise, Strength, Recovery

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Vitamin K2
* Dietary Supplement: Micro-crystalline cellulose


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Participant is able and willing to sign the Informed Consent From No plans to change lifestyle (activity and nutrition) during the study period Older group (n=40): 65 years of age or older. Younger group (n=40): Aged 18-40 years Exclusion Criteria: Not currently, or in the last year, participating in more than 1h per week of vigorous aerobic physical activity or any resistance exercise BMI > 30 kg/m2 diabetes severe cardiovascular disease seizure disorders liver disease uncontrolled hypertension (>150/90mmHg at baseline measurement) cancer or cancer that has been in remission <5 years ambulatory impairments which would limit ability to perform assessments of muscle function dementia currently taking Vitamin K2 supplements currently taking Vitamin K antagonists/anticoagulants (e.g. warfarin) current smoking history of drug abuse taking medication known to affect muscle (e.g. steroids).

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo<br>380 mg capsule/day micro-crystalline cellulose | Dietary Supplement: Micro-crystalline cellulose<br>* Micro-crystalline cellulose<br>|
| Active Comparator: Vitamin K2<br>380 mg capsule/day micro-crystalline cellulose including 240ug/day Vitamin K2 | Dietary Supplement: Vitamin K2<br>* Vitamin K2<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in post exercise recovery of muscle strength | Muscle strength (MVC) of the knee extensor muscles will be measured before and after (3h, 24h, 48h, 72h) an acute bout of resistance exercise | Change from baseline to 12 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in pain free range of motion during knee extension exercise | The range of motion which is pain free will be measured during knee extension using a goniometer before and after (3h, 24h, 48h, 72h) an acute bout of resistance exercise | Change from baseline to 12 weeks | 
| Change in post exercise recovery of functional abilities | Time to complete 5 chair rises will be measured before and after (3h, 24h, 48h, 72h) an acute bout of resistance exercise | Change from baseline to 12 weeks | 
| Change in post exercise recovery of sEMG activity | Quadriceps muscle sEMG will be measured before and after (3h, 24h, 48h, 72h) an acute bout of resistance exercise | Change from baseline to 12 weeks | 
| Change in post exercise interleukin-6 | Circulating interleukin-6 will be measured before and after (3h, 24h, 48h, 72h) an acute bout of resistance exercise | Change from baseline to 12 weeks | 
| Change in post exercise peroxiredoxin 3 redox state | Circulating peroxiredoxin 3 redox state will be measured before and after (3h, 24h, 48h, 72h) an acute bout of resistance exercise | Change from baseline to 12 weeks | 
| Change in vitamin K levels | Vitamin K will be measured in baseline and 12 week samples | Change from baseline to 12 weeks | 
| Change in Carboxylated Osteocalcin levels | Carboxylated Osteocalcin will be measured in baseline and 12 week samples | Change from baseline to 12 weeks | 
| Change in uncarboxylated Osteocalcin levels | uncarboxylated Osteocalcin will be measured in baseline and 12 week samples | Change from baseline to 12 weeks | 
| Change in carboxylated matrix gla-protein levels | carboxylated matrix gla-protein will be measured in baseline and 12 week samples | Change from baseline to 12 weeks | 
| Change in dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated matrix gla-protein levels | dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated matrix gla-protein will be measured in baseline and 12 week samples | Change from baseline to 12 weeks | 
| Change in post exercise F2 isoprostanes | Circulating F2 isoprostanes will be measured before and after (3h, 24h, 48h, 72h) an acute bout of resistance exercise | Change from baseline to 12 weeks |