The Effects of Long-Term Mask Use in the Pandemic Period

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Various restrictions have been made all over the world due to coronavirus pandemics. In addition to situations such as social isolation and hygiene, the use of masks is among these rules. In addition to the protection it provides, the use of masks causes some negative situations in individuals. For this reason, the aim of our study is to examine the effects of long-term mask use on temporomandibular dysfunction, headache and fatigue.

Official Title
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An Investigation of Temporomandibular Pain, Headache, and Fatigue in Relation With Long-Term Mask Use During the Pandemics

Conditions
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COVID-19

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: mask use


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Over 18 years Able to read and understand Volunteer to participate Exclusion Criteria: Malignity history Head/Face surgery history

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Group 1<br>There are individuals who use masks for less than 4 hours daily. | Other: mask use<br>* long term mask use<br>|
| Group 2<br>There are individuals who use masks for 4-8 hours daily. | Other: mask use<br>* long term mask use<br>|
| Group 3<br>There are individuals who use masks for more than 8 hours daily. | Other: mask use<br>* long term mask use<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Temporomandibular Dysfunction | According to the scores obtained from the scale, 0-15 points mean no temporomandibular dysfunction symptoms, 20-45 points mean mild temporomandibular dysfunction symptoms, 50-65 points mean moderate temporomandibular dysfunction symptoms, and 70-100 severe temporomandibular dysfunction symptoms. | Baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mask Use Symptoms | It was evaluated whether long-term use of masks had negative effects such as pain, skin problems, sleep, voice problems, temporomandibular problems. The results are given in terms of frequency. | Baseline | 
| Perceptions of Mask Use | The mask discomfort perception scale was used to evaluate the uncomfortable perceptions of mask use over visual analog scale. Scores were recorded as 0- no problem, 10- many problems. | Baseline | 
| Fatigue | Fatigue was assessed with the Chalder Fatigue Scale. Each item in the scale consisting of physical and mental fatigue sub-parameters is scored between 0-3. The total score ranges from 0 to 33, and as the score increases, fatigue increases. | Baseline | 
| Type of Headache | Individuals were asked to show the localization of the headache they experienced through the presented figures. | Baseline | 
| Trigger point of temporomandibular joint | Pain intensity at the temporomandibular joint trigger points was evaluated with visual analog scale. It was recorded as 0, no pain; 10 very severe pain. | Baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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mask, temporomandibular joint disorders, headache, fatigue