Activities of Daily Living in Older Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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In order to maintain independence and prevent disability, it is essential to identify associated factors and reduce functional loss due to concomitant diseases. This study aimed to examine the effects of frailty, balance, and depression on the performance of activities of daily living in older adults. All participants were assessed using the Mini Mental State Test, simple FRAIL scale, Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form, and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL).

Detailed Description
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As the global population becomes older, the importance of preserving health, function, and quality of life is being increasingly recognized. In order to maintain independence and prevent disability, it is essential to identify associated factors and reduce functional loss due to concomitant diseases. This study aimed to examine the effects of frailty, balance, and depression on the performance of activities of daily living in older adults. All participants were assessed using the Mini Mental State Test, simple FRAIL scale, Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form, and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL).

Official Title
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Association of Frailty, Balance, and Depression With Activities of Daily Living in Older Adults

Conditions
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Geriatrics

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: aged 65 years or older being able to understand and answer the questionnaires used for data collection having mental competency as demonstrated by a score higher than 20 on the Mini Mental State Test Exclusion Criteria: limited ambulation psychological problems

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mini Mental State Test | Cognitive function was assessed using the MMST, which consists of 11 items. The MMST has a maximum score of 30 points; scores above 24 points are considered sufficient and scores lower than 20 indicate cognitive impairment | at the enrollment | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| FRAIL scale | This 5-item scale was developed by Morley et al. in 2012. People with a score of 0 points are regarded as normal, 1-2 points as pre-frail, and 3-5 points as frail | at the enrollment | 
| Berg Balance Scale | Balance was assessed using the BBS, which was developed to measure balance performance. It includes 14 instructions, each of which is scored between 0-4 based on performance of the instruction. The BBS is administered in 10-20 minutes and the maximum score is 56. A score of 0-20 points indicates impaired balance, 21-40 points indicates acceptable balance, and 41-56 points indicates good balance | at the enrollment | 
| Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form | The GDS-SF was used to assess the participants' depression level. The scale consists of 15 yes/no questions about the participant's feelings in the past week. Each item is scored 0 or 1, with a higher score indicating the presence of more depressive symptoms | at the enrollment | 
| Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale | The scale consists of 8 items including information about using the telephone, preparing food, shopping, doing daily household chores, doing laundry, using transport, using drugs, and managing money. Scores range from 0 (dependent) to 8 (independent) | at the enrollment | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Frailty, balance, depression, activities of daily living