Brain Activity in Adults With ADHD During Neuropsychological Tasks

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The aim of the study is to investigate the response on cognitive testing of healthy persons compared to adults with or without medication against ADHD.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. It is characterized by inattentive, hyperactive, impulsive behaviour and neuropsychological deficits. In 40-60% of cases emerge in childhood and persists into adulthood. The aim of the study is to investigate the response on cognitive testing of healthy persons compared to adults with or without medication against ADHD. As a secondary endpoint a more robust diagnosing method combining advanced imaging methods with neuropsychological evaluation is tested. Neuropsychological testing, functional MRI and spectroscopy will be performed. Statistical analysis will assess differences in the functional magnetic resonance imaging, spectroscopy and neuropsychological evaluation results between three groups: 1) group of healthy volunteers, 2) participants with ADHD with medication and 3) participants with ADHD without medication.

Official Title
-----------------
Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity in Adults With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) During Tasks of Motor Inhibition and Cognitive Switching

Conditions
-----------------
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Device: MRI


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Participant is between 20-55 years old Participant is not pregnant Exclusion Criteria: Participant is not able to consent him/herself Suspected or proven pregnancy Nursing Neurological diseases that could interfere with a diagnosis of ADHD Psychiatric comorbidity under treatment Previous history of psychiatric medication Substance abuse Intelligence quotient<75 Claustrophobia Electrical simulator nerve or bone Implanted medication infusion pump Cerebral aneurysm clips Unstable medical condition

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 55 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Healthy volunteers<br>healthy volunteer between age of 20 to 55 will undergo MRI examination. | Device: MRI<br>* Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging technique measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood oxygenation level dependency<br>|
| ADHD subjects without medication<br>Medication-naive subjects with ADHD (20-55 years) will undergo MRI examination. | Device: MRI<br>* Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging technique measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood oxygenation level dependency<br>|
| ADHD subjects with medication<br>Subjects with ADHD (20-55 years), under medication will undergo MRI examination. | Device: MRI<br>* Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging technique measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood oxygenation level dependency<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes in blood oxygenation level dependency (BOLD) | The study consist solely of one MRI examination performed within 2 hours. | 2 hours |