Intestinal Sweet Taste Receptor Function and Adaptation to Dietary Sugars and Sweeteners

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to collect data that will help researchers better understand the various causes of obesity and diabetes; particularly to understand how consumption of NCASs affects the way the body uses nutrients.

Official Title
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Intestinal Sweet Taste Receptor Function and Adaptation to Dietary Sugars and Sweeteners

Conditions
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Diabetes

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Dietary: saccharin
* Other: Estimate glucose absorptions


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age 18-65 years inclusive; Men and women; Able to provide written, informed consent; Weight stable (± 3 kg) during the 3 months prior to enrollment; BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2 Exclusion Criteria: Diagnosed with any of the following co-morbidities: a) coronary artery disease, angina or heart failure, b) diabetes, c) bleeding disorders, d) infections, e) hepatitis and/or cirrhosis, f) severe asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, g) renal insufficiency, h) bariatric surgery, i) inflammatory bowel disease or malabsorption, j) cancer within the last 3 years (except non-melanoma skin cancer or treated cervical carcinoma in situ), k) psychiatric or eating disorders, l) untreated or inadequately controlled thyroid or other endocrine disorders, m) active rheumatoid arthritis or other inflammatory rheumatic disorder; Consumption of more than a can of diet beverage or a spoonful of non-caloric artificial sweeteners weekly (or each equivalent from foods) during the past month. Pregnant or nursing women; Current smokers (smoking within the past 3 months); Known hypersensitivity to saccharin, lactisole, and acetaminophen or any of its exipients; History of difficult blood sample collections or unfavorable anatomy of venous access; Use of medications: a) nitrates, b) beta-blockers, c) digoxin, d) anti-diabetic agents, e) oral, injected or chronic topical steroids (inhaled steroids for mild asthma are acceptable), f) chronic use of aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, g) other drugs known to affect immune or metabolic function and h) orlistat, phentermine or other weight loss or anorectic agents. Blood pressure greater than or equal to 160/100 or less than or equal to 100/50 at screening.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Group 1- Oral solution<br>Participants will be randomly assigned to drink two oral solutions made of different combinations of saccharin, lactisole, acetaminophen, 3-O-methyl glucose, or glucose. | Other: Dietary: saccharin<br>* Assess the glycemic and hormonal responses to an oral glucose load preceded by an oral solution of NCASs (saccharin).<br>Other: Estimate glucose absorptions<br>* Indirectly estimate the rate of glucose absorption and gastric emptying by using 3-O-methyglucose (3-OMG) and acetaminophen, respectively.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Measure in glucose concentrations | Glucose concentrations will be measured by the glucose oxidase method (YSI 2300 automated analyzer) and insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1 and GLP-2 concentrations by immunoassay (Mesoscale Discovery Sector Imager 2400). | Measure over a 180 minute on Days 10, 15, 20, 25 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Obesity, sweet taste receptors