Can Brief High-intensity Interval Training Mitigate the Adverse Consequences of High-fat Overfeeding?

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Previous research has shown that indulging in 50% more calories than required for as little as 3 days can significantly impact markers of metabolic health in lean and overweight individuals. Here, the investigators will determine if 3 brief sessions of high-intensity interval training can mitigate the adverse consequences of 7 days high-fat overfeeding in sedentary, overweight males.

Official Title
-----------------
Can Brief High-intensity Interval Training Mitigate the Adverse Consequences of High-fat Overfeeding?

Conditions
-----------------
Insulin Resistance

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Wingate HIT
* Other: Modified HIT
* Other: High-fat overfeeding


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Sedentary (no more than 2 sessions of structured moderate intensity aerobic exercise or resistance training per week) Overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2) Exclusion Criteria: Personal history of any major illness (i.e. cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, renal/liver impairments, major psychiatric disorders, eating disorders etc.) History of chest pain (either at rest or during exercise.) Abnormal resting ECG at screening visit Chronic use of any prescribed or non-prescribed medications (i.e. anti-hypertensive, statins, metformin, anti-inflammatories, antidepressants etc.) Blood pressure or blood lipids outside of reference ranges Serum ferritin <30ng/mL Uncontrolled asthma, current fever, or upper respiratory infection Current intake of > 140g alcohol/week Current smokers of cigarettes/cigars/marijuana Current intake of any illicit substance Experience claustrophobia in confined spaces Donated blood in the past 3 months Migraines Unable to comprehend study protocol Unable to perform exercise on a cycle ergometer at second screening visit

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Wingate HIT<br>7 days of high-fat overfeeding (50% excess calories) in conjunction 3 supervised sessions of Wingate High-intensity Interval Training. | Other: Wingate HIT<br>* 3 sessions of Wingate based High-Intensity Interval Training (6-8 x 15 second all out sprints on a cycle ergometer interspersed by 2 minutes recovery)<br>Other: High-fat overfeeding<br>* 7 days of high-fat overfeeding (50% excess calories)<br>|
| Experimental: Modified HIT<br>7 days of high-fat overfeeding (50% excess calories) in conjunction with 3 supervised sessions of Modified High-Intensity Interval Training | Other: Modified HIT<br>* 3 sessions of Modified High-Intensity Interval Training (8 x 60 second sprints at approximately 90-95% VO2 peak on a cycle ergometer interspersed by 60 seconds recovery)<br>Other: High-fat overfeeding<br>* 7 days of high-fat overfeeding (50% excess calories)<br>|
| Active Comparator: No Exercise Control<br>7 days of high-fat overfeeding (50% excess calories) with no supervised exercise | Other: High-fat overfeeding<br>* 7 days of high-fat overfeeding (50% excess calories)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in glucose metabolism | Changes in insulin and glucose area under the curve assessed via 75g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. | 1 week | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in plasma levels of cytokines | Change in plasma levels of adiponectin, irisin, sex hormone-binding globulin and c-reactive protein | 1 week |