Genosvid Diagnostic Test for Early Detection of COVID-19

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Electronic-nose had been used to diagnose other infectious lung diseases, such as tuberculosis. Universitas Gadjah Mada has developed an electronic-nose device which is easy-to-use, portable, and can be manufactured at a low price. Here the investigators test the electronic-nose to diagnose COVID-19 in Indonesia.

Detailed Description
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The validation of device is conducted to 43 confirmed COVID-19 patients and 40 confirmed COVID-19 negative patients from Bhayangkara Hospital, RSLKC Bambalipuro in Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. Afterwards, patients with symptoms suggesting COVID-19 will be recruited using multicentre consecutive sampling. The minimum number of participants required is 1460 subjects. The study use a triple-blind design where the research subjects, breath sample takers, and sample examiners did not know the results of each sampling that had been done. The final data processor was also blinded to the results of nose and throat swabs. The breath sampling data is saved in graphic form which interpretation will be carried out later by the data processor at the final stage. This study population involve children and adults who come to the COVID-19 outpatient clinic in each participating hospital with a diagnosis of suspected COVID-19 infection. All patients remain in the setting under medical service in accordance with the standard operating procedure (SOP) and clinical practice guidelines (CPG) protocols for handling patients with suspected COVID-19. The patients underwent nasal and oropharyngeal swabs according to the COVID-19 outpatient CPG. The participants will be asked about symptoms that they have, such as fever, fatigue, dry cough, stuffy/ runny nose, sore throat, myalgia, shortness of breath, and diarrhea. Afterwards, they will be asked to breathe normally using a mask for 2 times, then inhale and exhale in a forced expiratory volume to an air collecting bag that later is connected to the e-nose machine via a HEPA-filter. The performance of breath test will be compared with the performance of symptoms with the reference of RT-PCR results. In addition, participants' demographic and clinical data will be collected.

Official Title
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Genosvid Diagnostic Test for Early Detection of COVID-19: UGM Electronic-Nose Innovation for Indonesia

Conditions
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COVID-19

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: exhaled breath sampling
* Other: exhaled breath sampling
* Other: exhaled breath sampling


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients diagnosed with COVID-19, non COVID-19, and suspected COVID-19 infection, based on the results of anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory, X-rays and rapid tests. Able to produce samples for RT-PCR examination. Agree to participate (sign informed consent). For children, informed consent are obtained from the parents. For adolescent patients, accent consent is asked. Patients who do not need oxygen therapy supplementation in the form of mask-type or ventilator. Patients who use oxygen supplementation with nasal cannula are still included as study participants. Exclusion Criteria: Unable to breath deeply due to difficulty breathing due to complications of COVID-19 or other diseases The quality of the breath do not meet the standard interpretation of the instrument sensor curve (breath sampel is declared invalid).

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 4 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: 3 groups: COVID-19 patients non COVID-19 patients suspected COVID-19 patients
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Group 1- 43 COVID-19 patients<br>COVID-19 patients breath normally via disposable non-rebreathing mask | Other: exhaled breath sampling<br>* The participants breath through non-rebreathing mask until the reservoir bag is full. The reservoir bag is connected to Hepa-filter at one side, and another side of Hepa-filter is connected to the electronic-nose (Genosvid) device.<br>* Other names: GENOSVID portable exhaled breath sampling;|
| Experimental: Group 2- 40 non COVID-19 patients<br>Non COVID-19 patients breath normally via disposable non-rebreathing mask | Other: exhaled breath sampling<br>* The participants breath through non-rebreathing mask until the reservoir bag is full. The reservoir bag is connected to Hepa-filter at one side, and another side of Hepa-filter is connected to the electronic-nose (Genosvid) device.<br>* Other names: GENOSVID portable exhaled breath sampling;|
| Experimental: Group 3- suspected COVID-19 patients<br>The participants breath normally using a mask for 2 times then they are asked to inhale and exhale in a forced expiratory volume through an e-nose tube connected to the Hepa-filter at the inlet. | Other: exhaled breath sampling<br>* The participants breath normally using a mask for 2 times then they are asked to inhale and exhale in a forced expiratory volume through an e-nose tube connected to the Hepa-filter at the inlet.<br>* Other names: GENOSVID portable exhaled breath sampling;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Diagnostic accuracy of electronic nose signal in COVID-19 | sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of electronic nose signal in diagnosing COVID-19 | 2 years | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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COVID-19, diagnosis, electronic nose