The Role of Phosphorus in Diet Induced Thermogenesis (DIT) of Both Lean and Obese Subjects

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The study aim at: Investigating the impact of phosphorus ingestion on DIT of lean and obese subjects consuming high carbohydrate meal. Investigating the impact of phosphorus ingestion on DIT of lean and obese subjects consuming high protein-low phosphorus meal.

Detailed Description
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Subject will be advice to take a weight maintenance diet which contains at least 250-300g of carbohydrate per day for the 3 days before each study day and also he/she will be asked to avoid any intense physical activity during the day before the day of the test. Overnight fasted subjects (> 8 hours) will be requested to attend the testing room at around 8:00 am. The he investigators will take the anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference) and determine blood glucose. A crossover design study will be used in which each subject will undertake 2 or 3 sessions in a random order over 2 or 3 different days which are separated by a minimum of one week. The difference between the sessions is the ingestion of placebo ( 4 tablets) or phosphorus (4 tablets, each contain 125mgof phosphorus) tablets with the appropriate meal. Specific Aim 1: The impact of phosphorus ingestion on DIT of lean and obese subjects consuming high carbohydrate meal (Table 1: Meal 1). This will be divided into two experiments: Experiment 1.1: The impact of phosphorus ingestion on DIT of lean subjects consuming high carbohydrate meal (16 subjects). In this experiment, overnight fasted lean subjects (> 8 hours) will be requested to attend the testing room at around 8:00 am. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference) will be taken, rest for 30 min, measure resting energy expenditure (REE) for 30 min, ingest meal with the appropriate supplement and measure postprandial energy expenditure (PEE) for 4 hours (see figure 3). In this experiment, subject will undertake 3 sessions in a random order over 3 different days which are separated by a minimum of one week. Session 1: Ingestion of phosphorus tablets (4 tablets) alone. No meal. Needed to determine the impact of phosphorus alone on DIT Session 2: Ingestion of phosphorus tablets (4 tablets) with the high carbohydrate meal (table1: Meal 1). Session 3: Ingestion of placebo tablets (4 tablets) with the high carbohydrate meal (table 1: Meal 1). Experiment 1.2: The impact of phosphorus ingestion on DIT of lean subjects consuming high carbohydrate meal (16 subjects). In this experiment, overnight fasted obese subjects (> 8 hours) will be requested to attend the testing room at around 8:00 am. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference) will be taken, rest for 30 min, measure resting REE for 30 min, ingest meal with the appropriate supplement and measure PEE for 4 hours (see figure 3). In this experiment, subject will undertake 3 sessions in a random order over 3 different days which are separated by a minimum of one week. Session 1: Ingestion of phosphorus tablets (4 tables) alone. No meal. Needed to determine the impact of phosphorus alone on DIT Session 2: Ingestion of phosphorus tablets (4 tables) with the high carbohydrate meal (Table 1:Meal 1). Session 3: Ingestion of placebo tablets (4 tables) with the high carbohydrate meal (Table 1:Meal 1). Specific Aim 2: The impact of phosphorus ingestion on DIT of lean and obese subjects consuming high protein-low phosphorus meal (table 1: Meal 2). This will be divided into two experiments: Experiment 2.1: The impact of phosphorus ingestion on DIT of lean and obese subjects consuming high protein-low phosphorus meal (16 subjects). In this experiment, overnight fasted lean subjects (> 8 hours) will be requested to attend the testing room at around 8:00 am. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference) will be taken, rest for 30 min, measure REE for 30 min, ingest meal with the appropriate supplement and measure PEE for 4 hours (see figure 3). In this experiment, subject will undertake 2 sessions in a random order over 2 different days which are separated by a minimum of one week. Session 1: Ingestion of phosphorus tablets (4 tablets) with the high protein meal (table1: Meal 2). Session 2: Ingestion of placebo tablets (4 tablets) with the high protein meal (table 1: Meal 2). Experiment 2.2: The impact of phosphorus ingestion on DIT of lean and obese subjects consuming high protein-low phosphorus meal (16 subjects). In this experiment, overnight fasted obese subjects (> 8 hours) will be requested to attend the testing room at around 8:00 am. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference) will be taken, rest for 30 min, measure REE for 30 min, ingest meal with the appropriate supplement and measure PEE for 4 hours (see figure 3). Urine sample over the experimental period will be collected. In this experiment, subject will undertake 2 sessions in a random order over 2 different days which are separated by a minimum of one week. Session 1: Ingestion of phosphorus tablets (4 tablets) with the high protein meal (table1: Meal 2). Session 2: Ingestion of placebo tablets (4 tablets) with the high protein meal (table 1: Meal 2).

Official Title
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The Role of Phosphorus in Diet Induced Thermogenesis of Both Lean and Obese Subjects

Conditions
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Obesity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Effect of phosphorus


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: lean subjects (BMI between 20 and 25); obese (BMI above 30) subjects Exclusion Criteria: Pregnant and lactating women Subjects on regular use of medication that affects body weight weight loss of 3% or more in the preceding 3 months Subjects with kidney disease

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Placebo Comparator: phosphorus alone<br>Effect of phosphorus (500mg) ingestion alone. No meal. Needed to determine the impact of phosphorus alone on DIT | Dietary Supplement: Effect of phosphorus<br>* Ingestion of 500mg of phosphorus ( 4 tablets, each of 125 mg of phosphorus)<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: high CHO meal alone<br>Ingestion of placebo tablets with the high carbohydrate meal | Dietary Supplement: Effect of phosphorus<br>* Ingestion of 500mg of phosphorus ( 4 tablets, each of 125 mg of phosphorus)<br>|
| Active Comparator: High CHO meal plus phosphorus<br>Effect of phosphorus (500mg) tablets ingestion of DIT of the high carbohydrate meal | Dietary Supplement: Effect of phosphorus<br>* Ingestion of 500mg of phosphorus ( 4 tablets, each of 125 mg of phosphorus)<br>|
| Active Comparator: High protein meal plus phosphorus<br>Effect of phosphorus (500mg) tablets ingestion of DIT of the high protein meal | Dietary Supplement: Effect of phosphorus<br>* Ingestion of 500mg of phosphorus ( 4 tablets, each of 125 mg of phosphorus)<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: High protein meal alone<br>Ingestion of placebo tablets with the high protein meal | Dietary Supplement: Effect of phosphorus<br>* Ingestion of 500mg of phosphorus ( 4 tablets, each of 125 mg of phosphorus)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in postprandial energy expenditure | Changes in area under the curve (AUC) of postprandial energy expenditure as measured by determining postprandial the volume oxygen consumption (VO2) and the volume of carbon dioxide production (VCO2) | 4 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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phosphorus, lean, obese, energy expenditure