Increasing Availability of Lower Energy Meals on Food Choice and Intake

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study will examine the effectiveness of a structural intervention (baseline proportion of lower energy ready meals vs increased proportion of lower energy ready meals) on calories (kcal) ordered and consumed. The study will use a within-subjects design, meaning all participants will be exposed to both conditions (baseline vs increased lower energy meal menus). The procedure will involve participants placing orders for supermarket ready meals, which are then delivered to their homes for their consumption. This study will also investigate whether the effectiveness of the intervention varies, depending on socioeconomic position (SEP). The primary hypothesis is that increasing proportion of lower energy options will decrease total kcal ordered and consumed, and that there will be no difference between higher and lower SEP. To address the limited evidence on longer term impacts of dietary interventions on daily energy intake, the present study will also examine post-meal energy consumption up to midnight on the following day. Finally, this study will explore the psychological processes that might underlie the effectiveness of the intervention among individuals with higher and lower SEP; namely, food choice motives, satiety responsiveness, plate clearing tendencies, and food waste concerns.

Detailed Description
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See attached protocol documents.

Official Title
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Socioeconomic Position and the Impact of Increasing the Proportion of Lower Energy Foods Available on Supermarket Meal Choices and Consumption

Conditions
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Diet, Healthy, Food Selection, Obesity, Eating Behavior

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Manipulation of availability of lower energy meal options


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: UK (United Kingdom) residents, aged 18 or over Fluent in English Have access to a phone/tablet/computer device which has access to Internet and a functioning camera Willing to consume two supermarket ready meals Have access to a functioning microwave and oven for the preparation of the ready meals Exclusion Criteria: Taking part more than once Another member of the same household has participated in the study (Multiple members of the same household will not be allowed to take part) Current or historic diagnosed eating disorders Currently on any medication which affects appetite Any of the following dietary restrictions, intolerances, or allergies (Vegetarian, vegan, gluten-free, sugar-free, dairy/lactose-free, food allergy - such as milk, eggs, nut, wheat, fish, etc) History of severe childhood allergies, anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Baseline availability<br>Baseline availability of lower energy meal options | Other: Manipulation of availability of lower energy meal options<br>* Menus provided differ in % of menu options that are higher vs. lower in energy<br>|
| Experimental: Increased availability<br>Increased availability of lower energy meal options | Other: Manipulation of availability of lower energy meal options<br>* Menus provided differ in % of menu options that are higher vs. lower in energy<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Total meal energy (kcal) ordered | Calculated as the sum of the kcal content of the main and side ordered | 20 minutes (the time frame denotes time taken to complete the initial study questionnaire and make the food choices) | 
| Total meal energy (kcal) consumed | Calculated as the sum of the kcals consumed from the main and side combined | Once the food has been delivered, the time frame is up to 72 hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Post-meal intake (kcal) | Calculated as total energy (kcal) consumed after the study meal until midnight on the following day (dietary recall). | Measured 24-30 hours after study meal is consumed | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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availability, socio-economic position, food choice, eating behaviour