MicroRNA Correlates of Childhood Maltreatment and Suicidality

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This is a research study to find out if childhood trauma and stress are associated with depression or suicidal risk. The study will assess the effects of both short-term and long-term stress on biomarker (e.g. miRNA [MiRNA]) levels. miRNAs are a type of RNA (genetic material that is translated into protein) that are found in throughout the body and blood. They are called microRNA because their size is much smaller than typical RNA molecules. miRNAs are highly responsive to environment. This responsiveness is reflected in their expression in individuals who are affected by environment such as stress. The investigators are gathering genetic material, including DNA and RNA, from each participant. The RNA will be taken from the small vesicles and cells in the participant's blood and analyzed. The vesicles are small objects that occur normally in the blood and that contain RNA. This information may help us to understand the cause of mental illness and to improve medical and psychiatric care in the future. There will be 450 participants enrolled in this study.

Detailed Description
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The purpose of the study is to determine if the relationship between a history of childhood maltreatment (CM) and suicide risk is associated with alterations in the expression and epigenetic modification of specific microRNAs (miRNAs), thereby providing a molecular signature of suicide risk in people with CM. miRNAs are short regulatory RNAs that transduce environmental events into changes in protein synthesis in cells. The environment can induce permanent changes in miRNA expression. Aim 1 is to identify a set of neural-derived exosomal miRNAs that are associated with the interaction of suicidality and CM. Aim 2 is to examine whether an acute experimental stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), impacts the expression of these miRNAs in suicidal patients with and without CM. Aim 3 will examine potential mechanisms by which altered miRNAs may contribute to CM-associated suicidal behavior. Aim 4 will examine if changes in CM-associated miRNAs are explained by modifications in their DNA methylation.

Official Title
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MicroRNA Correlates of Childhood Maltreatment and Suicidality

Conditions
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Major Depressive Disorder, Suicidal Ideation

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Trier Social Stress Test


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age 18-60 Physically healthy Willing and able to provide informed consent 5. Diagnosis of MDD or No history of mental illness Exclusion Criteria: Pregnancy or lactation (women of reproductive potential must have a negative urine pregnancy screen) Post-partum state (being within 2 months of delivery or miscarriage) Homicide risk as determined by clinical interview A lifetime history of psychotic disorder Any history of dissociation or dissociative disorder Bipolar disorder Pervasive developmental disorder Cognitive disorder Cluster A personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Anorexia nervosa Alcohol or drug dependence (except nicotine and caffeine) within the last month or the use of any hallucinogen (except cannabis), including phencyclidine in the last month (NOTE that a positive UDS is not exclusionary except for hallucinogens, methamphetamine, or cocaine. People presenting intoxicated with alcohol may be included when a Breathalyzer test (Alco-Sensor IV) is negative as long as there is no history of recent dependence. Recent myocardial infarction Unstable angina Active neoplasm in the past 6 months Immunosuppressive or corticosteroid therapy within the last month, with the following exceptions: any inhaled, intranasal, topical or vaginal corticosteroids are allowed. Chemotherapy Head injury with loss of consciousness in the past 6 months

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| MDD with elevated CM and suicidality scores<br>Major Depressive Disorder with elevator childhood maltreatment and suicidality scores. | Other: Trier Social Stress Test<br>* The TSST is a standardized test to induce acute psychological stress in humans. Participants will abstain from caffeine for 12 hours and nicotine for 2 hours prior to the test. An IV butterfly catheter will be placed in an arm vein and flushed with saline. Participants will rest for 15 minutes. A 10ml baseline blood sample will be drawn. They will perform the TSST task and then have 10ml of blood drawn at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 minutes post-TSST.<br>* Other names: TSST;|
| MDD with CM history but lower suicidality<br>Major Depressive disorder with childhood maltreatment history but lower suicidality scores. | Other: Trier Social Stress Test<br>* The TSST is a standardized test to induce acute psychological stress in humans. Participants will abstain from caffeine for 12 hours and nicotine for 2 hours prior to the test. An IV butterfly catheter will be placed in an arm vein and flushed with saline. Participants will rest for 15 minutes. A 10ml baseline blood sample will be drawn. They will perform the TSST task and then have 10ml of blood drawn at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 minutes post-TSST.<br>* Other names: TSST;|
| MDD without CM but with elevated suicidality<br>Major Depressive Disorder without childhood maltreatment, but with elevated suicidality scores. | Other: Trier Social Stress Test<br>* The TSST is a standardized test to induce acute psychological stress in humans. Participants will abstain from caffeine for 12 hours and nicotine for 2 hours prior to the test. An IV butterfly catheter will be placed in an arm vein and flushed with saline. Participants will rest for 15 minutes. A 10ml baseline blood sample will be drawn. They will perform the TSST task and then have 10ml of blood drawn at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 minutes post-TSST.<br>* Other names: TSST;|
| MDD without CM but with lower suicidality<br>Major Depressive Disorder without childhood maltreatment but with lower suicidality scores. | Other: Trier Social Stress Test<br>* The TSST is a standardized test to induce acute psychological stress in humans. Participants will abstain from caffeine for 12 hours and nicotine for 2 hours prior to the test. An IV butterfly catheter will be placed in an arm vein and flushed with saline. Participants will rest for 15 minutes. A 10ml baseline blood sample will be drawn. They will perform the TSST task and then have 10ml of blood drawn at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 minutes post-TSST.<br>* Other names: TSST;|
| Healthy controls with CM history<br>Healthy controls with childhood maltreatment history, | Other: Trier Social Stress Test<br>* The TSST is a standardized test to induce acute psychological stress in humans. Participants will abstain from caffeine for 12 hours and nicotine for 2 hours prior to the test. An IV butterfly catheter will be placed in an arm vein and flushed with saline. Participants will rest for 15 minutes. A 10ml baseline blood sample will be drawn. They will perform the TSST task and then have 10ml of blood drawn at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 minutes post-TSST.<br>* Other names: TSST;|
| Healthy controls without CM history<br>Healthy controls without childhood maltreatment history. | Other: Trier Social Stress Test<br>* The TSST is a standardized test to induce acute psychological stress in humans. Participants will abstain from caffeine for 12 hours and nicotine for 2 hours prior to the test. An IV butterfly catheter will be placed in an arm vein and flushed with saline. Participants will rest for 15 minutes. A 10ml baseline blood sample will be drawn. They will perform the TSST task and then have 10ml of blood drawn at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 minutes post-TSST.<br>* Other names: TSST;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| MicroRNA response to stress | MiRNAs methylation levels will be examined | 24 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Depression, Suicidal Ideation, Suicidality, Healthy Control, Depression and Anxiety, Childhood Maltreatment