Emotional Disorders and Outcomes in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Primary Care

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study aims to determine which factors are related to change in diabetes-related distress and change in depressive symptoms after three years of follow-up in Asian adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care. The investigators will explore the impact of patient demographics, cardiometabolic control, medications adherence, health-related quality of life, self-efficacy and self-management behaviors on diabetes-related distress and depressive symptoms.

Detailed Description
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Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been shown to experience psychological burden and distorted illness perception. These psychological burden include feeling of burned-out, fatigue, distress and depression, and in addition of distorted illness perception often lead to difficulty in coping with the demands of life-style changes and adherence to medication. Diabetes-related distress (DRD) and depressive symptoms (DS) were associated with glycaemic control and medication adherence, and life-styles behaviors, respectively. However, evidence on the relationships between DRD, DS and clinically significant outcomes are scarce in Asian adults with T2DM. Primary care patients who participated before will be re-invited. This is a repeated cross-sectional study of a cohorts of 700 patients who were first studied in 2013 (Emotional Distress in adults with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus & Quality of Life [EDDMQoL] study with the National Medical Research Register (NMRR) identification number: NMRR-12-1167-14158). Demographic data (age, gender, ethnicity, religion, educational level, occupation and monthly income), smoking status, self-perceive social support and health literacy will be collected by questionnaires.

Official Title
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Relationship Between Emotional Disorders (Diabetes Distress and Depression) and Outcomes (Self-care and Clinical) in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Care: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Conditions
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Those who participated in the EDDMQoL study Adults aged at least 30 year-old Diagnosed of T2DM more than three years ago On regular follow-up with at least three visits in the previous year Exclusion Criteria: Patients who are pregnant or lactating Having psychiatric/psychological disorders that could impair judgments and memory Patients who cannot read or understand English, Malay or Mandarin

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 30 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Diabetes-related distress measured with Diabetes Distress Scale-17 | Change in diabetes-related distress | Baseline and 3 year | 
| Depressive symptoms measured with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 | Change in depressive symptoms | Baseline and 3 year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Diabetes-related distress and depression combined | Change in both diabetes-related distress and depressive symptoms combined | Baseline and 3 year | 
| Illness perceptions measured with Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire | Cross-sectional, an association with other variables | Through study completion | 
| Diabetes distress measured with Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID-5) | Cross-sectional, an association with other variables | Through study completion | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Mood Disorders, Illness Perception, Primary Care, Medication Adherence