Virtual Overdose Response

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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To help prevent deaths in populations that cannot or will not access physical safer consumption services in Alberta, which may disproportionately include women and those who are not able to self-inject (Potier et al., 2014) the investigators propose to provide virtual (phone-based) supervised consumption services, staffed by people with lived experience.

Detailed Description
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Designed as a small open label clinical study to demonstrate proof of concept which will follow CONSORT guidelines, the investigators aim to recruit approximately 15 people who are currently using illicit substances and who currently use opioids (illicit or prescription - non-medically). The sample size of 15 balances pragmatic issues (difficulty in recruiting people who are actively using illicit substances) and the need to have a good sample of the population. These participants will be interviewed by the research coordinator in person prior to intervention initiation to determine baseline use; history of overdose; and current harm reduction activities (see appendix). They will then be asked to call the intervention number if they are going to be using alone (see appendix for call flow). Each time a participant dials the number, the operator will gather (as part of the intervention) the address the participant is at, their name/pseudonym and a phone number that can be used as a call back number in case the call is disconnected. The phone line operator will then ask a) what they planned on using, b) the method of use, c) if the participant is using safe sterile supplies (and provide information on where they can get new supplies in their community), and d) if they have a naloxone kit (overdose reversal kit) available. They will then inform the participant that they will be checking in on them every 5 - 10 minutes and if they do not respond, they will call emergency medical services for them. If the participant responds to each verbal prompt (calling their name) over a minimum of 30 minutes, the operator will let them know that they are disconnecting the call. The operator will offer to connect the participant to other health services, such as the location of new supplies, social services, addiction treatment and opioid agonist therapy. If the participant fails to respond to a prompt (or the call is disconnected and is not able to be reconnected), the operator will contact the dispatch supervisor and the process for emergency services dispatch will be initiated.

Official Title
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Virtual Overdose Response

Conditions
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Drug Overdose

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Virtual Overdose Response


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Able to give informed consent - able to speak and understand English and over 18 years of age Admit to using opioids non-medically: using illicit opioids; using prescription opioids without a current prescription; using doses greater than those prescribed; using opioids recreationally Have access to a phone line in the location they primarily use opioids: this can be a land line or a cell phone Resident of Calgary Exclusion Criteria: Unable to give informed consent - unable to understand English, under 18 years of age or otherwise not legally able Do not knowingly use opioids non-medically No access to a phone Live outside of Calgary

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Feasibility of using a phone line to provide overdose response.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Participants<br>All participants will be given the phone number and encouraged to call any time they plan to use substances alone | Behavioral: Virtual Overdose Response<br>* All participants will be provided the phone number and encouraged to call when they use alone.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Usage | Number of times participants call the phone line | 3 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| EMS response time | Amount of time from calling 911 to EMS arriving on scene | 3 months | 
| EMS dispatch outcome | qualitative description of dispatch outcome | 3 months |