Renal Nerves Stimulation Study

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Study design: Investigator initiated, single centre, feasibility study Main objectives are twofold: To investigate the feasibility of RNS in patients with therapy resistant hypertension, which is assessing the functional distribution of renal nerves using 3D imaging and differential pacing modalities. To investigate the blood pressure responses and cardiac excitable properties to RNS, and subsequently perform a RDN procedure, guided by 3D mapping by two different techniques e.g. RNS-checked RDN and RNS-guided RDN procedures. Study population: 40 patients (18 - 80 yr old)

Detailed Description
-----------------
Background: Approximately 10-15% of adults with hypertension are considered to be treatment resistant because their hypertension is uncontrolled despite taking three or more drugs that includes a diuretic. Renal denervation (RDN) is a novel treatment option for therapy resistant hypertension and its rationale originates in denervating the renal sympathetic efferent and afferent coupling with the central autonomic nervous system. By denervating the renal arteries, general sympathetic tone is reduced. Currently, RDN is performed by placing in a spiral pattern 5-6 ablation lesions in each renal artery. 15-30% of the patients do not have any benefit from this procedure. The reason for this is unknown. Experimental data show that renal nerve stimulation (RNS) may serve as a functional endpoint to assess completeness of the RDN procedure. A RNS-guided RDN may prove to be superior to standard RDN (RNS-checked) in blood pressure control. Main objectives are twofold: To investigate the feasibility of RNS in patients with therapy resistant hypertension, which is assessing the functional distribution of renal nerves using 3D imaging and differential pacing modalities. To investigate the blood pressure responses and cardiac excitable properties to RNS, and subsequently perform a RDN procedure, guided by 3D mapping by two different techniques e.g. RNS-checked RDN and RNS-guided RDN procedures. Secondary objective: The secondary objective is to compare both techniques (RNS-checked vs. RNS-guided) in terms of efficacy and safety. Hypotheses: We hypothesize that identification and localization of the sympathetic nerve bundles using 3D navigation systems and selective pacing manoeuvres will allow a functional approach to denervate the kidneys and improve the success rate of this procedure in patients with hypertension. We hypothesize that the RNS-guided RDN procedure will show better blood pressure data during follow up, since the completeness has been assessed in contrast to the RNS-checked RDN procedure. Study design: Investigator initiated, single centre, prospective, feasibility study Study population: 40 patients (18 - 80 yr old) 20 patients treated with RNS-checked RDN 20 patients treated with RNS-guided RDN Intervention: Two different techniques will be used in this trial: RNS-checked RDN RNS-guided RDN Main study endpoints: Main study parameter will be the arterial blood pressure response to RNS prior to RDN and absence of blood pressure rise in response to pacing in the renal artery after RDN. Secondary study endpoints: Blood pressure at 3, 6, 12 months after the intervention, and change in blood pressure compared to measurement before the intervention.

Official Title
-----------------
Feasibility of Electrical Mapping and Stimulation of Renal Arteries in Patients Undergoing Renal Denervation

Conditions
-----------------
Hypertension, Renal Denervation

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Procedure: Electrical mapping, nerve stimulation checked renal denervation procedure
* Procedure: Electrial mapping, nerve stimulation guided renal denervation procedure


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: The patient is willing and able to comply with the protocol and has provided written informed consent. Age 18-80 years The patient has hypertension and is accepted for renal denervation or combined pulmonary bein isolation and renal denervation Glomerular filtration rate >45 mL/min No history of renal artery stenosis Exclusion Criteria: Type 1 diabetes mellitus Contraindication to chronic anticoagulation therapy or heparin. Chronic oxygen use Primary pulmonary hypertension Woman currently pregnant or breastfeeding or not using reliable contraceptive measures during fertile age. Known secondary cause of hypertension Mental or physical inability to participate in the study. Renal artery stenosis >50% of the arterial lumen, or renal artery lumen ≤3 mm. Dual or triple ipsilateral renal artery ostia.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: RNS checked RDN
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: RNS-checked RDN<br>20 patients with hypertension will be enrolled undergoing RNS-checked RDN | Procedure: Electrical mapping, nerve stimulation checked renal denervation procedure<br> <br> * Other names: RNS-checked RDN;|
| Experimental: RNS-guided RDN<br>20 patients with hypertension will be enrolled undergoing RNS-guided RDN | Procedure: Electrial mapping, nerve stimulation guided renal denervation procedure<br> <br> * Other names: RNS-guided RDN;|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| arterial blood pressure response | Main study parameter will be the arterial blood pressure response to RNS prior to renal denervation and absence of blood pressure rise in response to pacing in the renal artery after RDN. | during procedure | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| blood pressure at 3 months | Blood pressure at 3 months after the intervention | 3 months after the intervention | 
| blood pressure at 6 months | Blood pressure at 6 months after the intervention | 6 months after the intervention | 
| blood pressure at 12 months | Blood pressure at 12 months after the intervention | 12 months after the intervention | 
| change in blood pressure compared to measurement before the intervention | change in blood pressure compared to measurement before the intervention | intervention - up to 12 months after the intervention |