Comparison Between Remifentanil Target-controlled Infusion and Dexmedetomidine Bolus Administration for Smooth Emergence From General Sevoflurane Anesthesia

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Remifentanil target-controlled infusion and dexmedetomidine single-dose administration are known to reduce airway response and haemodynamic stimulation during anaesthetic recovery. The investigators will compare the effects of two drugs on prevention of cough during emergence from general sevoflurane anaesthesia.

Conditions
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Thyroid Neoplasm

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: dexmedetomidine
* Drug: Normal Saline


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: female patient, aged 20-60 yr, ASA physical status 1-2, patients undergoing elective thyroidectomy under general anesthesia Exclusion Criteria: sighs of difficult airway, history of respiratory disease or chronic cough, cardiovascular disease, pregnant or breast-feeding woman.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: group R<br>continuation of remifentanil target controlled infusion (TCI) at effect-site concentration of 2 ng/ml during anesthetic recovery until extubation. | Drug: dexmedetomidine<br>* Fifteen minutes before the end of surgery, the first practitioner replace the syringe of remifentanil as new one; new syringe contains remifentanil in remifentanil group (Group R), and normal saline in dexmedetomidine group (Group D), respectively. There are no drug labeling in the new syringe, so the second practitioner can't know which drug was contained in the new syringe. Simultaneously, the second practitioner remifentanil concentration on monitor of TCI pump will be adjusted to 2.0 ng•ml-1. Ten minutes before the end of surgery, 10 ml of dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg•kg-1 mixed with normal saline will be given for 5 min in Group D; in Group R, 10 ml of normal saline will be given by the first practitioner.<br>Drug: Normal Saline<br> <br> |
| Active Comparator: group D<br>remifentanil TCI discontinuation and dexmedetomidine 0.5 mg/kg intravenous injection before 10 min of the end of surgery | Drug: dexmedetomidine<br>* Fifteen minutes before the end of surgery, the first practitioner replace the syringe of remifentanil as new one; new syringe contains remifentanil in remifentanil group (Group R), and normal saline in dexmedetomidine group (Group D), respectively. There are no drug labeling in the new syringe, so the second practitioner can't know which drug was contained in the new syringe. Simultaneously, the second practitioner remifentanil concentration on monitor of TCI pump will be adjusted to 2.0 ng•ml-1. Ten minutes before the end of surgery, 10 ml of dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg•kg-1 mixed with normal saline will be given for 5 min in Group D; in Group R, 10 ml of normal saline will be given by the first practitioner.<br>Drug: Normal Saline<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| coughing response | Emergence cough was defined as the cough occurrence during peri-extubation period, from sevoflurane discontinuation to 5 min after extubation. The severity of cough was assessed and recorded by the following cough grading system: Grade 0, no cough; Grade 1, single cough with mild severity; Grade 2, cough persistence less than 5 s with moderate severity; Grade 3, severe, persistent cough for more than 5 s (bucking). | from discontinuation of anesthetic agent (sevoflurane) to 5 min after extubation. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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dexmedetomidine, remifentanil, target-controlled infusion