Helping Ethnic Minority in Hong Kong to Quit Smoking by Understanding Their Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Related to Smoking

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
This study aims at understanding the needs and concerns of the ethnic minority in Hong Kong, including their behavior, attitudes, and experiences related to smoking and smoking cessation. Specifically, how the level of smoking-related knowledge among them differ from the rest of the Hong Kong people, will be explored. In addition, whether Hong Kong smoking policy influenced the smoking pattern of them will be investigated.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Cigarette smoking is the most significant preventable cause of death and disease, causing 6 million deaths annually worldwide. Despite the fact that tobacco use in Hong Kong has been decreased from 23.3% in 1982 to 10.1% in 2017, the remaining 620 600 daily smokers[3] cannot be overlooked or undervalued. Hong Kong is a predominantly Chinese society, but it has a sizeable South Asian ethnic minority (EM). According to the Census & Statistics Department, the number of ethnic minorities in Hong Kong increased significantly by 70.8% over the past 10 years. Nevertheless, few smoking and health promotion activities and smoking cessation services have been tailor-made for ethnic minorities in Hong Kong. The barrier of supplying smoking cessation service to the ethnic minority group is that their smoking motivation, willingness to quit, obstacles of quit smoking, attitude towards Hong Kong tobacco law and smoking cessation services are not sure. This will be the first research exploring their knowledge, attitude and experience of cigarette smoking.

Official Title
-----------------
Helping Ethnic Minority in Hong Kong to Quit Smoking by Understanding Their Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Related to Smoking

Conditions
-----------------
Smoking

Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Only smokers with South Asian(Pakistani, Indian, or Nepalese)backgrounds Willing to participate aged 18 years or above able to speak English smoke at least one cigarette per day for the past 3 months Exclusion Criteria: Domestic workers, asylum seekers, refugees, or illegal immigrants, individuals with other ethnic backgrounds, i.e., Africans Cannot speak English poor cognitive state or active psychotic symptoms, i.e. hallucination, illusion and delusion, noted in the medical records.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------
What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The smoking behaviour among ethnic minorities in Hong Kong. | Participants were asked about: The reasons started smoking and the reasons keep smoking behaviour. The cigarette consumption, the type of cigarettes consumed and the smoking area of ethnic minorities. The number of quit attempts, the motivation to quit smoking, the ways they overcome withdraw symptoms and depression symptoms as well as reasons they failed to quit. The reason they don't want to quit smoking. Whether the above items have changed after they moved from their original countries to Hong Kong. | at the baseline | 
| The knowledge of the risk of smoking in ethnic minorities in Hong Kong. | Participants were asked about their knowledge of the risk of smoking. | at the baseline | 
| Attitudes towards smoking, tobacco control and smoking cessation in ethnic minorities in Hong Kong. | Participants were asked about The attitudes towards smoking, tobacco control policy and smoking cessation. Their family members' and peers' attitude to their smoking behaviour. | at the baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Smoking Cessation