Prevalence of Abnormal Postures in Parkinson's Disease

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Postural abnormalities represent disabling and painful complications in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The stooped posture is a typical feature of PD but with advancing of disease more severe body abnormalities can affect people with PD. These deformities include Pisa syndrome, camptocormia, antecollis, scoliosis and striatal deformities related to hand (striatal hand) and/or toes (striatal toes).

Detailed Description
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Postural abnormalities represent disabling and painful complications in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The first postural trunk deviation in PD was first described by James Parkinson himself and recognized as stooped simian appearance, with flexion of the hips and knees, and rounding of the shoulders. Although the stooped posture is a typical feature, more severe spinal misalignment (and deformities) can affect people with PD. These postural deformities include Pisa syndrome (PS), camptocormia (CP), antecollis (AC), scoliosis (S) and striatal deformities related to hand (striatal hand) and/or toes (striatal toes). The prevalence of these postural deformities is variable because several diagnostic criteria have been used to characterize each deformity. Recently, a consensus of diagnostic criteria has been reached in literature permitting us to better mapping the presence of these deformities in people with PD.

Official Title
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Prevalence of Abnormal Postures in Parkinson's Disease: an Observational Multicenter Study

Conditions
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Parkinson Disease

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Participants will be considered enrolled after signing the consent form; Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease; Exclusion Criteria: Concomitant neurologic diseases known to negatively affect posture; A history of major spinal surgery or muscle and/or skeletal diseases; Treatment with drugs potentially able to induce abnormal postures; Clinical features consistent with a diagnosis of atypical parkinsonism;

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The prevalence of postural deformities | % of people with Parkinson's disease reporting Pisa syndrome, camptocormia, antecollis, scoliosis and striatal deformities related to hand (striatal hand) and toes (striatal toes). | 1 day | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Data of birth | (day/month/year); | 1 day | 
| Sex | (male/female) | 1 day | 
| Body Mass Index | (score) | 1 day | 
| SPECIFIC EVALUATION FOR PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE • Age at PD onset | (years) | 1 day | 
| Disease duration of PD | (years) | 1 day | 
| Modified Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y); | Total score of Modified Hoehn and Yahr staging scale. It evaluates the stage of Parkinson's disease. Range= 1 to 5. Higher values represent worse stages of disease. | 1 day | 
| Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS); | The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale evaluates the motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Range= 0 to 260. Higher values represent worse symptoms of disease. | 1 day | 
| PD phenotype | (rigid acinetic; tremor; mixed type) | 1 day | 
| Laterality of motor symptoms at PD onset | (right, left, bilateral); | 1 day | 
| Clinical asymmetry | (number of patients) | 1 day | 
| Quality of life by means of Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-8; | Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-8 evaluates quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease. Range= 0 to 100. Higher values represent worse quality of life. | 1 day | 
| Latency between PD onset and start of antiparkinsonian therapy | (years) | 1 day | 
| Pharmacologic treatment at disease onset of PD | (levodopa; dopaminoagonists; L-Dopa + dopaminoagonist; other therapies) | 1 day | 
| Ongoing pharmacological therapy | (levodopa; dopaminoagonists; L-Dopa + dopaminoagonist; other therapies) | 1 day | 
| Levodopa equivalent daily dose | (mg) | 1 day | 
| Number of falls and direction | (number, anterior, posterior, right, left) | 1 day | 
| Comorbilities | (heart diseases, malignancies, diabetes, hypertension, mental disorders, obesity, metabolic disorders, cerebrovascular diseases, physical trauma) | 1 day | 
| Associated medical conditions | (osteoporosis, arthrosis, rheumatic diseases, otovestibular disorders) | 1 day | 
| Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) | Visual Analogue Scale evaluates pain intensity. Range= 0 to 10. Higher values represent higher pain intensity. | 1 day | 
| SPECIFIC EVALUATION FOR PATIENTS WITH ABNORMAL POSTURES Type of deformity | (Pisa syndrome, camptocormia, anterocollis, scoliosis, striatal deformities) | 1 day | 
| Degrees | (wall goniometer and pictures with software-based analysis) | 1 day | 
| Latency to develop one or more postural deformity after PD onset | (months) | 1 day | 
| Postural deformity duration | (years) | 1 day | 
| The pattern of postural deformity onset | (acute, subacute, chronic) | 1 day | 
| Postural deformity after drug modification | (yes/no) | 1 day | 
| Postural deformity awareness | (yes/no) | 1 day | 
| Head compensation | (in case of PS, CP, AC) | 1 day | 
| Neck head on trunk angle | (degrees) | 1 day | 
| Neck tilt angle | (degrees) | 1 day | 
| Head tilt angle | (degrees) | 1 day | 
| Gaze angle (in case of AC) | (degrees) | 1 day | 
| Ankle and hip flexion (in case of CP) | (degrees) | 1 day | 
| Sensory trick | (yes/no) | 1 day | 
| Postural deformity direction only for PS | (right/left) | 1 day | 
| The presence of metronome sign (in case of PS) | (yes, no) | 1 day | 
| Side of PD symptoms at onset and PS inclination | (ipsilateral, contralateral, bilateral) | 1 day | 
| Side of PD symptoms at onset and hands/feet deformities | (ipsilateral, contralateral, bilateral) | 1 day | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Parkinson Disease, Pisa Syndrome, Camptocormia, Antecollis, Striatal deformities