The Dual Factor Model of Mental Health in Inpatients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The Dual Factor Model of mental health (DFM; Greensporn & Saklofske, 2001) postulates that mental health consists of two at least partially unrelated factors, the experience or absence of psycho-pathological symptoms (i.e. depressive symptoms) and the experience or absence of positive mental health (i.e. life satisfaction, meaningfulness). Both factors contribute to an individual's well-being and mental health.The DFM has been used as a framework to describe and evaluate participants' mental health in different settings in cross-sectional and longitudinal designs mostly outside of clinical settings. Psychological Interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy are widely studied concerning their reduction of psycho-pathological symptoms. However, little is known about the effect of psychological interventions on the second factor (positive mental health) of the DFM. This is especially important, because the latter has been shown to contribute significantly to subjective well-being and to reduce the risk of suicidal intentions and behavior. Primary, the authors aim to investigate the DFM in an inpatient sample over the course of time (pre-treatment, post-treatment, 6 and 12 months after discharge). Secondly, they aim to investigate the relationship between positive mental health and suicidal ideation over the course of time.

Detailed Description
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Participants will be divided into four groups according to the DFM over the course of time: unhappy: high psychopathology and low positive mental health; depression and/or anxiety scores above published cut -offs and positive mental health scores under published cut offs. symptomatic but content: high psychopathology and high positive mental health; depression and/or anxiety scores above published cut -offs and normal to high positive mental health scores vulnerable: low psychopathology and low positive mental health; depression and/or anxiety scores under published cut -offs and positive mental health scores under published cut offs Complete mental health: low psychopathology and high positive mental health; depression and/or anxiety scores under published cut -offs normal to high positive mental health scores. The authors will then depict the movements of patients through these groups graphically and use regression analyses to check for differences according to age, diagnosis and gender. Towards the second aim they will use regression analyses to investigate the protective effect of positive mental health on suicidal ideation or behavior.

Official Title
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The Dual Factor Model of Mental Health: A Longitudinal Study in Inpatients

Conditions
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Psychological Disease, Depression

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Routine care inpatient treatment


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: -inpatients at the Stiilachaus Privatklinik Exclusion Criteria: -None

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Study Group<br>All participants are inpatients at the clinic Stillachhaus in Germany. They are receiving treatment for a variety of psychological disoders, mostly depressive disoders. | Behavioral: Routine care inpatient treatment<br>* All participants are receiving inpatient treatment consisting of a variety of psychological interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, third-wave interventions, psycho-education and in some cases medication.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21; Nilges et al., 2016) | Measures depression, anxiety and stress with 21 items. Scores range from 0-63 with higher scores indicating more severe anxiety, depression and stress. | In the first 3 days of treatment | 
| Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21; Nilges et al., 2016) | Measures depression, anxiety and stress with 21 items. Scores range from 0-63 with higher scores indicating more severe anxiety, depression and stress. | In the last three days of treatment | 
| Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21; Nilges et al., 2016) | Measures depression, anxiety and stress with 21 items. Scores range from 0-63 with higher scores indicating more severe anxiety, depression and stress. | 6 months after discharge | 
| Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21; Nilges et al., 2016) | Measures depression, anxiety and stress with 21 items. Scores range from 0-63 with higher scores indicating more severe anxiety, depression and stress. | 12 months after discharge | 
| Positive mental health scale (PMH; Lukat et al., 2016) | Measures positive psychological functioning with 9 items. Scores range from 0-27 with higher scores indicating more positive mental health. | In the first 3 days of treatment | 
| Positive mental health scale (PMH; Lukat et al., 2016) | Measures positive psychological functioning with 9 items. Scores range from 0-27 with higher scores indicating more positive mental health | In the last three days of treatment | 
| Positive mental health scale (PMH; Lukat et al., 2016) | Measures positive psychological functioning with 9 items. Scores range from 0-27 with higher scores indicating more positive mental health | 6 months discharge | 
| Positive mental health scale (PMH; Lukat et al., 2016) | Measures positive psychological functioning with 9 items. Scores range from 0-27 with higher scores indicating more positive mental health. | 12 months discharge | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ; Osman et al., 2001) ). | Assesses past and current suicidal ideation and behavior. Scores range from 3-18 with higher scores indicating a higher risk for suicidal behavior. | In the first 3 days of treatment | 
| Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ; Osman et al., 2001) ). | Assesses past and current suicidal ideation and behavior. Scores range from 3-18 with higher scores indicating a higher risk for suicidal behavior. | In the last three days of treatment | 
| Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ; Osman et al., 2001) ). | Assesses past and current suicidal ideation and behavior. Scores range from 3-18 with higher scores indicating a higher risk for suicidal behavior. | 6 months after discharge | 
| Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ; Osman et al., 2001) ). | Assesses past and current suicidal ideation and behavior. Scores range from 3-18 with higher scores indicating a higher risk for suicidal behavior. | 12 months after discharge | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Dual Factor Model, Positive mental health, Suicidal ideation