Inferior Epigastric Lymph Node in Colorectal Carcinosis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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In this study, the investigators propose to systematically collect and analyse epigastric lymph nodes during complete cytureductive surgery in patients with colorectal carcinomatosis, in order to define their role in the dissemination of colorectal metastases

Detailed Description
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Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Twenty percent of the patients with CRC develop distant metastases. Among them, 50% have liver metastases (LM) and 25% have peritoneal metastases (PM). Half of these metastatic patients will present with liver-only hepatic metastases (HM) and a quarter will have just peritoneal metastases (PM). The peritoneum representing the second metastatic site in frequency. Patients with colorectal PM have a dismal prognosis in comparison with other metastatic sites. For patients with limited resectable peritoneal disease, surgery remains the only potentially curative option. The two major prognostic factors in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for PM are the extent of the disease, as evaluated by the peritoneal cancer index (PCI) and the completeness of the resection. In patients undergoing complete macroscopic CRS, the 5-years overall survival (OS) is up to 45% in patients with a PCI <6, whereas OS falls to just 9% when PCI is >19. At the present time, however, only a minority (16%) of the patients who undergo surgery with a curative-intent for PM are cured, as indicated by disease-free survival (DFS) >10-years. Despite an aggressive combined approach (surgery and chemotherapy), most of these patients will die from loco-regional and/or systemic recurrence. This emphasizes the needs for a better characterization of the disease and for identification of more accurate selection criteria for surgery. Very few studies have explored the pathophysiological mechanisms of PM development and progression. The main mechanism of reported peritoneal dissemination that has been reported is a stepwise dissemination including the exfoliation of tumoral cells from the primary tumour into the peritoneal cavity. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying systemic dissemination in patients presenting with PM are also poorly understood. The most well-known lymphatic dissemination pathways from the peritoneum into supra-diaphragmatic lymph nodes (LNs) are the retroperitoneal lymphatic pathway and the cardio-phrenic LNs. The presence of involved cardio-phrenic LNs is predictive of PM involvement. However, detection of these LNs is based on imaging that has a limited sensitivity (65%) and surgical access requires the opening of the diaphragm. Recently, the investigators reported, for the first time, a new lymphatic route of systemic dissemination of colorectal PM. The investigators reported LN metastases in the inferior epigastric LN basin (IELN). In this series, metabolic and morphologic imaging were not able to preoperatively predict the status of IELN. These LNs represent potential predictive factors of survival in patients treated for colorectal PM. The advantage of this LN basin is its easy surgical access that allows resection without increasing postoperative complications. The exact conditions for dissemination in IELN and their prognostic role remain undetermined. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence of IELN basin involvement in patients with colorectal PM undergoing complete CRS. The secondary objectives are to evaluate the capacity of preoperative imaging to detect these lesions and to define conditions for IELN involvement.

Official Title
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Inferior Epigastric Lymph Node (IELN) Basin as a Possible Systemic Metastatic Pathway of Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases

Conditions
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Colorectal Carcinomatosis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Epigastric lymph node biopsy


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients who will undergo complete cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal metastases from colorectal origin Patients with complete cytoreductive resection (R1) and a PCI< 20 Exclusion Criteria: Minor patients Patients unable to give written informed consent Previous surgery for colorectal cancer with iliac lymphadenectomy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 99 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Patients planned for complete cytoreductive surgery<br>Only one arm in the study. All patients operated for complete cytoreductive surgery and who signed informed consent form | Procedure: Epigastric lymph node biopsy<br>* epigastric lymph node biopsy and analysis to evaluate rate dissemination of colorectal carcinomatosis by this way<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| to evaluate the incidence of IELN basin invasion in patients with CRPM undergoing complete CRS (CCR-0) | collection and analysis of IELN basin | 2 years | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| to define the risk for IELN invasion according to the mapping of PM | evaluation of the proportion of invaded IELN | 2 years | 
| to evaluate the predictive value of preoperative imaging for IELN invasion | comparison of imaged IELN and pathological analysis | 2 years | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Epigastric lymph node, Cytoreductive surgery