Effect of Genetic Polymorphism on Calcineurin Inhibitors Levels in Egyptian Renal Transplant Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Calcineurin Inhibitors tacrolimus and cyclosporine are the principle immunosuppressive agents administered to solid organ transplant recipients to prevent and treat allograft rejection. The aim of the present study is to detect the incidence of some selected genetic polymorphism in Egyptian renal transplant population and investigate the influence of these genetic polymorphism (SNPs )on Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus blood concentration. In addition to detect the association between these genetic polymorphism variants and patients' clinical outcome after transplantation.

Detailed Description
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Tacrolimus and cyclosporine are the principle immunosuppressive agents administered to solid organ transplant recipients to prevent and treat allograft rejection.They both exert their immunosppressive action by inhibiting the calcinurein in T-lymphoctes. Subsequently,Cyclosporin and tacrolimus are both metabolic substrates for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A enzymes - in particular, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 - and are transported out of cells by the P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) efflux pump. Different expression of CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and P-glycoprotein causes patient to-patient variability in the absorption, metabolism and tissue distribution of calcineurin inhibitors. This different expression is likely to be at least partially the result of mutations in the genes encoding for these enzymes and drug transporter. This may lead to variable drug concentrations within the systemic circulation and at target sites, influencing drug efficacy. Moreover, it will influence the individual's susceptibility to drug interactions and drug toxicity

Official Title
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Calcineurin Inhibitors Among Egyptian Renal Transplant Patients: a Pharmacognetic Based Study.

Conditions
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Renal Transplantation

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Kidney transplant patients. Treatment with calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) either Cyclosporine (Neoral®) or Tacrolimus (Prograf®). Absence of medication known to interact with CNI Age18 years and more Exclusion Criteria: Patient who experience acute rejection, graft failure. Medications that interact with Calcineurin Inhibitors. Pregnant or nursing women. Patients who decline to participate

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Renal Transplant patients treated with cyclosporine<br>Detecting the genetic polymorphism affecting cyclosporine level | |
| Renal Transplant patients treated with tacrolimus<br>Detecting the genetic polymorphism affecting tacrolimus level | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| CYP enzymes genetic polymorphism and calcineurin inhibitors drug levels | Association of CP3A4 and CYP3A5 genetic polymorphism SNPs on Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus blood concentration | 3 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Renal Transplantation, Genetic Polymorphism, CYP3A5, CYP3A4