Carbohydrate Use During and Following Exercise

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Carbohydrates are an integral component of sports nutrition. Providing carbohydrate (CHO) during exercise delays the onset of fatigue and improves exercise performance by maintaining high rates of CHO oxidation. Traditionally, glucose, or glucose polymers have been the preferential CHO source found in sports drinks. However, during the intestinal absorption of large amounts of glucose (>1.2 g/min), sodium-dependent glucose transporters (SGLT1) may become fully saturated, potentially limiting the rate of exogenous CHO oxidation. In an effort to evade this limitation, research has suggested using multiple transportable carbohydrates in the composition of sports drinks. Multiple transportable carbohydrates are combinations of simple sugars that use different intestinal transporters during the absorption process. Ingesting multiple transportable carbohydrates may enhance the capacity for total intestinal CHO absorption, leading to an increase in the rate of exogenous CHO oxidation. Our purpose will be to examine the disaccharide sucrose in it's ability to provide exogenous fuel during and following prolonged exercise.

Official Title
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Sucrose as a Preferred Carbohydrate in Sports Nutrition

Conditions
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Carbohydrate Oxidation and Glycogen Utilization During and Following Exercise

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Carbohydrate ingestion


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy Male 18 - 40 years of age Endurance trained cyclist/triathlete VO2 max ≥ 50 ml/kg/min BMI < 25 kg/m2 Exclusion Criteria: Use of medication Smoking

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Glucose-glucose<br>Glucose ingestion | Dietary Supplement: Carbohydrate ingestion<br>* Various types of carbohydrate ingested during and following exercise<br>|
| Active Comparator: Glucose-Fructose<br>glucose-fructose ingestion | Dietary Supplement: Carbohydrate ingestion<br>* Various types of carbohydrate ingested during and following exercise<br>|
| Active Comparator: disaccharide<br>Disaccharide ingestion | Dietary Supplement: Carbohydrate ingestion<br>* Various types of carbohydrate ingested during and following exercise<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate (Part A) | Carbohydrate oxidation as measured by breath samples | 0 min during trials 1-3 | 
| Endogenous carbohydrate oxidation (Part A) | endogenous carbohydrate oxidation as measured through breath samples during trials 1-3 | 0 min during trials 1-3 | 
| Glycogen utilization (Part B) | Glycogen utilization measured through a muscle biopsy sample at post ( 90 min), 3 and 6 h post exercise. Part B; trials 4-6. | immediately post exercise ( 90min), during trials 4-6 | 
| Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate (Part A) | Carbohydrate oxidation as measured by breath samples | 30 min during trials 1-3 | 
| Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate (Part A) | Carbohydrate oxidation as measured by breath samples | 60 min during trials 1-3 | 
| Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate (Part A) | Carbohydrate oxidation as measured by breath samples | 90 min during trials 1-3 | 
| Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate (Part A) | Carbohydrate oxidation as measured by breath samples | 120 min during trials 1-3 | 
| Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate (Part A) | Carbohydrate oxidation as measured by breath samples | 150 min during trials 1-3 | 
| Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate (Part A) | Carbohydrate oxidation as measured by breath samples | 180 min during trials 1-3 | 
| Endogenous carbohydrate oxidation (Part A) | endogenous carbohydrate oxidation as measured through breath samples during trials 1-3 | 30 min during trials 1-3 | 
| Endogenous carbohydrate oxidation (Part A) | endogenous carbohydrate oxidation as measured through breath samples during trials 1-3 | 60 min during trials 1-3 | 
| Endogenous carbohydrate oxidation (Part A) | endogenous carbohydrate oxidation as measured through breath samples during trials 1-3 | 90 min during trials 1-3 | 
| Endogenous carbohydrate oxidation (Part A) | endogenous carbohydrate oxidation as measured through breath samples during trials 1-3 | 120 min during trials 1-3 | 
| Endogenous carbohydrate oxidation (Part A) | endogenous carbohydrate oxidation as measured through breath samples during trials 1-3 | 150 min during trials 1-3 | 
| Endogenous carbohydrate oxidation (Part A) | endogenous carbohydrate oxidation as measured through breath samples during trials 1-3 | 180 min during trials 1-3 | 
| Glycogen utilization (Part B) | Glycogen utilization measured through a muscle biopsy sample at post ( 90 min), 3 and 6 h post exercise. Part B; trials 4-6. | 3 h post exercise during trials 4-6 | 
| Glycogen utilization (Part B) | Glycogen utilization measured through a muscle biopsy sample at post ( 90 min), 3 and 6 h post exercise. Part B; trials 4-6. | 6 h post exercise during trials 4-6 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Indirect calorimetry (Part A) | Measurements of VO2, VCO2 and RER through indirect calorimetry measured every 30 minutes during trials 1-3 | every 30 min up to 180 min during trials 1-3 | 
| Plasma glucose | Plasma glucose measurements | every 30 min up to 180 min during trials 1-6 | 
| Plasma insulin | plasma insulin measurements | every 30 minutes up to 180 min during trials 1-6 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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carbohydrate, glycogen, glucose