Nonsmokers Helping Smokers Quit

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study examines whether nonsmokers can be mobilized to help smokers quit. We will test, via mail campaign, whether targeting nonsmokers can be equally effective in increasing smokers' quit rate as targeting smokers directly. The hypothesis is that both targeted interventions will lead to a higher quit rate than a control group, which receives one set of self-help materials. Each of the targeted intervention groups receives 10 mailings. Smoking status of all three groups will be measured at 3 and 7 months post randomization.

Detailed Description
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This study examines the potential of enlisting nonsmokers to help smokers quit smoking. Nonsmokers are the majority of the society. If an intervention can be designed to mobilize nonsmokers to help smokers quit, then it has strong implications for increasing smoking cessation at the population level. The conventional approach in smoking cessation is to target smokers directly. This study aims to test whether targeting nonsmokers can be equally effective. The study employs a three arm randomized design, in which a smoker-nonsmoker pair in the same household will be randomized into one of the three groups. One group receives materials targeting the smoker in the household, one group receives materials targeting the nonsmoker, and the third group serve as a control group. The intervention consists of mailed materials which include postcards, informational materials, CDs, DVDs, coupons for cessation-related incentives such as nicotine patches, and links to secured websites. The mail campaign is augmented with brief phone calls to ensure receipt of mailings and to reinforce targeted messages.The mail campaign is augmented with brief phone calls to ensure receipt of mailings and to reinforce targeted messages. At 3 and 7 months post randomization, project staff contact all participants to assess their smoking status.

Official Title
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Mail Campaigns That Target Smokers or Nonsmokers Who Live With Smokers

Conditions
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Smoking Cessation

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Messages targeting nonsmokers
* Behavioral: Messages targeting smokers


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 18 years or older A household with at least one smoker and one nonsmoker Valid contact information English proficiency, both speaking and reading Exclusion Criteria: Insufficient contact information

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Messages targeting nonsmokers<br>Messages targeting nonsmokers include 10 mailings for nonsmokers sent over 10 weeks. The mailed materials include postcards, informational materials, CDs, DVDs, coupons for cessation-related incentives such as nicotine patches, and links to secured websites. The mail campaign is augmented with brief phone calls to ensure receipt of mailings and to reinforce targeted messages. | Behavioral: Messages targeting nonsmokers<br> <br> |
| Experimental: Messages targeting smokers<br>Messages targeting smokers include 10 mailings for smokers sent over 10 weeks. The mailed materials include postcards, informational materials, CDs, DVDs, coupons for cessation-related incentives such as nicotine patches, and links to secured websites. The mail campaign is augmented with brief phone calls to ensure receipt of mailings and to reinforce targeted messages. | Behavioral: Messages targeting smokers<br> <br> |
| No Intervention: Usual care<br>one time mailing with a self-help quit kit | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of Participants Reporting 30-day Abstinence | Assessment interview is conducted over the phone at 7-months post enrollment to determine 30-day abstinence. The interview will cover, as appropriate, tobacco use, use of quitting aids, and pattern of quitting (including slips and relapse situations). | 7-months post enrollment | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Support for Quitting | The number of participants who felt they had a lot of support for quitting or staying quit. | At intake | 
| Number of Participants Reporting 30-day Abstinence | Assessment interview is conducted over the phone at 3-months post enrollment to determine 30-day abstinence. The interview will cover, as appropriate, tobacco use, use of quitting aids, and pattern of quitting (including slips and relapse situations). | 3-months post enrollment | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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smoking cessation, nonsmokers, proxy, mail intervention, self-help, behavioral intervention