Effectiveness of Peripheral Blocks Under Ultrasound Control With and Without Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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In modern anesthesiology, peripheral nerve blocks are performed using ultrasound control and electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves (PEN), or only ultrasound control or only PEN. The most effective methods are with the use of ultrasound control. Until now, the effectiveness of the sciatic nerve blockade by the subgluteal approach, performed only under ultrasound control without ESP, in comparison with the blockade of the sciatic nerve performed under ultrasound control with ESP, has not been established. Research hypothesis: the blockade of the sciatic nerve by the subgluteal approach performed only under ultrasound control has the same effectiveness as the blockade performed under the ultrasound control with EPN.

Official Title
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Effectiveness of Peripheral Blocks Under Ultrasound Control With and Without Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Lower Limb Surgeries

Conditions
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Nerve Block, Efficiency, Sciatic Nerve, Ultrasonography

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: sciatic nerve blockade under ultrasound control with a peripheral nerve stimulator
* Other: sciatic nerve blockade under ultrasound control without a peripheral nerve stimulator


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: indication requiring anesthesia maintenance; patient's written consent about the type of anesthesia and possible complications of regional anesthesia Exclusion Criteria: patient's refusal of application for the proposed form of anesthesia; patients younger than 18 years; patients weighing less than 50 kg; a physical status score of more than 3 determined by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA); a history of allergic reactions to the drugs used; coagulopathies; infections of the skin at the injection site; neurological or neuromuscular diseases; severe liver diseases or kidney failures; an inability to cooperate with the patient.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 90 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Sciatic nerve block under ultrasound control with a electrostimulator peripheral nerves<br>Patients undergoing surgery on the knee, shin, ankle or foot | Other: sciatic nerve blockade under ultrasound control with a peripheral nerve stimulator<br>* Following the ultrasound visualization of the sciatic nerve, a insulated injection needle was connected to the nerve stimulator . Under ultrasound visualization guidance, the needle of the electronic nerve stimulator was positioned at the sciatic nerve (in plane) from its lateral side at a slightly superior position . A marker for LA introduction was the visualization of the needle end near the nerve, and a positive muscular response . Subsequently, the introduction of LA solution was initiated.If LA was spreading from the lateral side down to the nerve, then the needle was replaced to the upper point of the nerve and the rest of LA was introduced, and vice versa . The presence of a complete and incomplete spread of LA along the entire circumference of the nerve was assessed. Correspondingly, if the anesthetic was spreading upwardly, the needle would be downwardly replaced. In addition, a femoral nerve block is performed.<br>|
| Other: Sciatic nerve block under ultrasound control without a electrostimulator peripheral nerves<br>Patients undergoing surgery on the knee, shin, ankle or foot | Other: sciatic nerve blockade under ultrasound control without a peripheral nerve stimulator<br>* Under ultrasound visualization guidance, the needle owas positioned at the sciatic nerve (in plane) from its lateral side at a slightly superior position . A marker for LA introduction was the visualization of the needle end near the nerve. Subsequently, the introduction of LA solution was initiated. The position of the needle was corrected 1-2 times according to the type of anesthetic spread. If LA was spreading from the lateral side down to the nerve, then the needle was replaced to the upper point of the nerve and the rest of LA was introduced, and vice versa . The presence of a complete and incomplete spread of LA along the entire circumference of the nerve was assessed. Correspondingly, if the anesthetic was spreading upwardly, the needle would be downwardly replaced. In addition, a femoral nerve block is performed.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Сomplete sensory sciatic nerve block | The stimulus of the needle prick was applied to check the sensory block of the sciatic nerve. Stimulation with a needle is carried out in the area of innervation of the sciatic nerve below the knee The assessment of skin sensitivity was carried out with the help of a similar scale: + +\ indicating a complete sensory block; +\ indicating a partial sensory block, a patient was unable to differentiate between the type of stimuli ; and -\ indicating that the skin sensitivity was fully preserved. | The quality of sensory blocks was assessed after 45 min of administration of the sciatic nerve block. The evaluation of the block was carried out by an anesthesiologist who was not involved in the study, and was blinded to solution that had been | 
| Сomplete motor sciatic nerve block | The assessment of the motor block was carried out with the help of the following scale: + +\ which indicated that movements were completely absent; +\ which indicated that movements were partially preserved or were uncoordinated; and -\ which indicated that movements were fully preserved.Flexion-extension of the foot and toes is assessed | The quality of motor blocks was assessed after 45 min of administration of the sciatic nerve block. The evaluation of the block was carried out by an anesthesiologist who was not involved in the study, and was blinded to solution that had been | 
| The need for additional pain relief during surgery | The need for additional use of narcotic analgesics or local anesthesia during surgery (criterion-reporting of painful feelings during the operation). Based on the patient's complaint about pain of any intensity during the operation. | During the operation (start of operation - end of operation) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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sciatic nerve block, ultrasound guidance, electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves