Humoral and Cellular İmmune Response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine in Children With Chronic Kidney Diseases

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in adult patients on dialysis, and kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Although children had lower morbidity and mortality, KTRs are more vulnerable than healthy children. It has already known that the general immune responses to vaccines, which are currently in practice (attenuated, conjugated, or recombinant) were lower than healthy controls in children and adolescents on dialysis and with a kidney transplantation. Uremic milieu and immunosuppressive drugs are the factors causing impaired immune response in this group of patients. The new mRNA vaccine technology is used worldwide including children and adolescents during the pandemic. Studies have demonstrated lower immune response to new SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in adult KTRs. However, there is limited data about vaccine-induced immune response in children and adolescent with renal replacement therapy. The aim of this study was to assess immune response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 and its clinical and laboratory correlates in children and adolescent KTRs. Humoral immune response was assessed by anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (Anti-S IgG) and its clinical correlate neutralizing antibody (nAb). Cellular immune response was assessed with SARS-CoV-2 specific Interferon ɣ release assay (IGRA).

Detailed Description
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This is a prospective, multicenter case-control study performed between September 2021 and March 2022 in the Pediatric Nephrology Units of IU- Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Memorial Hospital, Marmara University School of Medicine, IU- Istanbul School of Medicine, Medeniyet University School of Medicine, and Istinye University School of Medicine. The control group has consisted of age and gender comparable 19 healthy children without any acute infection or chronic disease, who were admitted to Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Pediatric out-patient unit for routine control. When permitted by local guidelines, children and adolescents who were over 12 years old were notified of vaccine eligibility and encouraged to schedule an appointment. The SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech®) administered to all participants by intramuscular route in the deltoid region. At least one month after the second dose of the vaccine, serum samples and whole blood samples were collected from all patients and controls, to analyze the humoral and cellular immune response to the vaccine. All samples were stored at -20 ◦C until testing. SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results were recorded retrospectively to determine natural infection.

Official Title
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Humoral and Cellular İmmune Response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients Compared to Dialysis Patients and Healthy Children

Conditions
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Chronic Kidney Disease 5D, Chronic Kidney Disease 5T

Intervention / Treatment
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* Biological: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech®)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 12-21 year-old chronic kidney diseases and dialysis patients Exclusion Criteria: Patients with primary immune deficiencies and not vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine Patients who did not completed 2 series of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 12 Years
Maximum Age: 19 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Patients<br> | Biological: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech®)<br>* When permitted by local guidelines, children and adolescents who were over 12 years old were notified of vaccine eligibility and encouraged to schedule an appointment<br>|
| Active Comparator: Healthy controls<br> | Biological: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech®)<br>* When permitted by local guidelines, children and adolescents who were over 12 years old were notified of vaccine eligibility and encouraged to schedule an appointment<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Evaluation of the antibody response following vaccination | Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Quantification and Neutralisation test | one month after the second dose of the vaccine | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Evaluation of the cellular response following vaccination | Interferon Gamma Release Assay | one month after the second dose of the vaccine | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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children, chronic kidney disease, covid19, vaccination, antibody response