Construction and Validation of a Stress Scale Specific to ICUs: Perceived Stressors in Intensive Care Units (PS-ICU)

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study aims to construct and validate an international professional perceived stress scale specific to intensive care units: the PS-ICU Scale (Perceived Stressors in Intensive Care Units).

Detailed Description
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Intensive care units take charge of patients who present serious pathological states with an immediate vital risk in an emergency situation. Their treatment requires extensive coordination of human means and sometimes the use of complex procedures and technical means. Moreover, caregivers face the extreme situations of patients and their families coping with death, illness, pain and uncertainty (Weibel et al., 2003). In this context, numerous stress factors that can have psychological consequences on the professionals and their effectiveness at work are inherent in intensive care (Donchin, 2002; Tummers et al., 2002). In numerous studies, perceived stress proves to be more predictive of the subsequent health state of the individual than real stress (Consoli et al., 2001). More precisely, the authors have shown the influence of perceived stress on mental health (Ramirez et al., 1996b), psychical health (Chang et al., 2007), burnout (Bourbonnais et al., 1999), job dissatisfaction (Golbasi et al., 2008), absenteeism (Hackett & Bycio, 1996), turnover (Hayes et al., 2006) and more recently on the security of care (Endacott, 2012). Identifying the factors of perceived stress is important in terms of mental health at work and the security of care. Studies on perceived stress have made it possible to elaborate stress scales specific to each profession (Borteyrou et al., 2013), with the aim of being as close as possible to the professionals' experience. However, to our knowledge, no stress scale for intensive care units has been published. This study aims to construct and validate an international professional perceived stress scale specific to intensive care units: the PS-ICU Scale (Perceived Stressors in Intensive Care Units). Secondary objectives: To identify the factors of perceived stress having an impact on mental health, job satisfaction and the quality of care. To measure the impact of cultural and organizational dimensions on perceived stress in intensive care specific to each country. To measure the impact of socio-demographic variables on perceived stress. To measure the impact of coping abilities on perceived stress.

Official Title
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Construction and Validation of a Stress Scale Specific to ICUs: Perceived Stressors in Intensive Care Units (PS-ICU)

Conditions
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Work Stress

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: interviews


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: In this step, we will include the services which: Practise an activity of intensive care (whether this practice is medical or surgical, adult or paediatric). The professionals of ICU who: volunteer to participate in the study (and with the consent of the head of the unit), Senior physicians, interns, and nurses who have been working in the service for more than three months. Exclusion Criteria: Administrative staff, nursing auxiliaries Senior physicians, interns, and nurses who have been working in the service for less than three months.
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| France<br>10 senior physicians, 10 interns, 10 experienced nurses (with more than one year of experience in the service) and 10 inexperienced nurses (with less than one year of experience in the service) | Other: interviews<br>* Each subject will be asked to participate in an individual semidirective interview lasting about 40 minutes on the theme of the stress factors encountered in intensive care. All of the interviews will be audio-taped, transcribed and anonymized. The participants will also have to answer a socio-demographic questionnaire (sex, age, socio-professional category, speciality in intensive care, working hours, family situation, training, diplomas, length of time in the service).<br>|
| Italy<br>10 senior physicians, 10 interns, 10 experienced nurses (with more than one year of experience in the service) and 10 inexperienced nurses (with less than one year of experience in the service) | Other: interviews<br>* Each subject will be asked to participate in an individual semidirective interview lasting about 40 minutes on the theme of the stress factors encountered in intensive care. All of the interviews will be audio-taped, transcribed and anonymized. The participants will also have to answer a socio-demographic questionnaire (sex, age, socio-professional category, speciality in intensive care, working hours, family situation, training, diplomas, length of time in the service).<br>|
| spain<br>10 senior physicians, 10 interns, 10 experienced nurses (with more than one year of experience in the service) and 10 inexperienced nurses (with less than one year of experience in the service) | Other: interviews<br>* Each subject will be asked to participate in an individual semidirective interview lasting about 40 minutes on the theme of the stress factors encountered in intensive care. All of the interviews will be audio-taped, transcribed and anonymized. The participants will also have to answer a socio-demographic questionnaire (sex, age, socio-professional category, speciality in intensive care, working hours, family situation, training, diplomas, length of time in the service).<br>|
| montreal<br>10 senior physicians, 10 interns, 10 experienced nurses (with more than one year of experience in the service) and 10 inexperienced nurses (with less than one year of experience in the service) | Other: interviews<br>* Each subject will be asked to participate in an individual semidirective interview lasting about 40 minutes on the theme of the stress factors encountered in intensive care. All of the interviews will be audio-taped, transcribed and anonymized. The participants will also have to answer a socio-demographic questionnaire (sex, age, socio-professional category, speciality in intensive care, working hours, family situation, training, diplomas, length of time in the service).<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| GENERATION OF ITEMS : Identifying the stress factors | In order to construct a first questionnaire based on all of the factors of perceived stress in intensive care, our research team will begin by identifying the stress factors. This identification will involve two main sources: | up to 24 month | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| GENERATION OF ITEMS: Selecting the items | All of the stress factors identified in the literature and in the exploratory interviews will then be grouped and organized according to the different dimensions of stress identified in health psychology | up to 6 month | 
| GENERATION OF ITEMS: Administering the PS-ICU questionnaire | The PS-ICU Questionnaire will be administered to a representative population (doctors and nurses in intensive care) in each of the countries involved. This population will allow us to do the analyses necessary for the reduction of the items, and to retain only the most reliable items. The administration of the questionnaire will also be used to evaluate several aspects: pertinence, comprehension, and redundancy of the items. | up to 24 month | 
| GENERATION OF ITEMS: Construction of the PS-ICU scale | Our research team will collect all of the quantitative data gathered in the framework of administering the PS-ICU questionnaire (France, Spain, Italia, Canada, Australia). It will be in charge of the statistical analysis and the interpretation of the results. | up to 24 month | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Stress factors,, intensive care units,, scale,, quality of care