Effect of Daily Vinegar Ingestion for Four Weeks on Mood State in Healthy College Students

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The objective of this research is to record mood states and depression levels in healthy college students before and after 4 weeks of daily vinegar ingestion.

Detailed Description
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Recent research suggests that fruit and vegetable intake is inversely associated with mood states and depression. Although the mechanism is not known, increased gut fermentation is suspected as changes in gut tryptophan metabolism was noted in these trials. Tryptophan is the precursor to serotonin, the neurotransmitter associated with improved mood state, but other metabolites of tryptophan have been associated with mental wellbeing as well. The main ingredient of vinegar, acetic acid, is the most common metabolite produced during gut fermentation of dietary fiber (mainly from fruits and vegetables) and can also be expected to influence the gut microbiome. It has been reported that vinegar ingestion is linked to a change in tryptophan metabolism in healthy adults consuming vinegar daily for 8 weeks. This study will explore the impact of vinegar ingestion on mood states.

Official Title
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Effect of Daily Vinegar Ingestion for Four Weeks on Mood State in Healthy College Students

Conditions
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Mood, Depression

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: apple cider vinegar
* Dietary Supplement: vinegar pill


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: college student, non-athlete, no chronic health condition Exclusion Criteria: vegetarians or others adhering to special diet, body mass index >30 kg/m2, pregnancy/lactation, unwilling to ingest vinegar

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: randomized, controlled trial
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: liquid vinegar<br>2 tablespoons (diluted in water) taken twice daily with meals | Dietary Supplement: apple cider vinegar<br>* 2 tablespoons diluted in water taken twice daily with meals<br>* Other names: apple cider vinegar (Bragg Live Food Products, LLC);|
| Placebo Comparator: vinegar pill<br>1 vinegar pill taken daily | Dietary Supplement: vinegar pill<br>* one pill taken daily<br>* Other names: Nature's Bounty Apple Cider Vinegar pills;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| mood state | Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire score | change from baseline at day 28 | 
| depression | Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) | change from baseline at day 28 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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acetic acid