Anxiety, Depression and Eating Attitudes of Diabetes Mellitus Patients During COVID-19 Lockdown in Greece

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this observational, cross-sectional study is to evaluate the impact of the second national COVID-19 lockdown in Greece, regarding the aspects of depression, anxiety and eating habits, in relation to the adjusted work and family conditions, among diabetes mellitus patients.

Detailed Description
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The national Lockdown was an attempt by the Governments around the world to prevent the spreading of the SARS-CoV-2. This pandemic turned out to be a major public health challenge. In Greece two national lockdown were imposed in 2020, among other measures, in order to minimize the spread of the SARS-CoV-2. The national lockdown consists of the temporary closure of the sports arenas, theaters, cafeterias, restaurants, cinemas, archaeological sites, schools, churches universities and most of the businesses . The first national lockdown in Greece was imposed from March 23th to May 4th and the second one took place from November 6th until now. Such a lockdown that forces the majority of individuals to stay at home for a prolonged period of time, except the controlled movement of the individuals for some cases, could expectedly enough have quite an impact on the daily life of people with diabetes mellitus. Changes to dietary habits, limitation of physical activity, as well as the psychological aspects like those of depression and anxiety have been detected. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the second national lockdown in Greece, regarding the aspects of depression, anxiety and eating habits, in relation to the adjusted work and family conditions, among diabetes mellitus patients.

Official Title
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The Effect of COVID-19 National Lockdown on People With Diabetes Mellitus Regarding Their Anxiety, Depression and Eating Attitudes, in Relation to Adjusted Work and Family Conditions

Conditions
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Diabetes Mellitus, SARS-CoV-2

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: DASS questionnaire
* Other: EAT-26 questionnaire


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: age ≥18 years Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus MODY Diabetes Mellitus Exclusion Criteria: age <18 years gestational Diabetes

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 85 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| working condition<br>In order to further explore the differences among working status the data will be categorized into three different groups: suspension of work, employment and unemployment. | Other: DASS questionnaire<br>* The DASS is a 42-item self report instrument designed to measure the three related negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and tension/stress<br>Other: EAT-26 questionnaire<br>* The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), is a self-report 26-item questionnaire of symptoms and concerns characteristic of eating disorders.<br>|
| Family status<br>In order to xplore the differences among the family status, the data will be categorized into the married and the singles DM patients. | Other: DASS questionnaire<br>* The DASS is a 42-item self report instrument designed to measure the three related negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and tension/stress<br>Other: EAT-26 questionnaire<br>* The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), is a self-report 26-item questionnaire of symptoms and concerns characteristic of eating disorders.<br>|
| BMI status<br>In order to further explore BMI scale results, we divided the data obtained from the participants into normal (18.50 - 24.99 kg/m2), overweight (25-29.99 kg/m2) and obese (≥30 kg/m2), according to the international classification of the World Health Organisation (WHO). | Other: DASS questionnaire<br>* The DASS is a 42-item self report instrument designed to measure the three related negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and tension/stress<br>Other: EAT-26 questionnaire<br>* The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), is a self-report 26-item questionnaire of symptoms and concerns characteristic of eating disorders.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| DASS (Depression) | Minimum score 0 maximum score 42 of the depression subscale of the DASS questionnaire Higher scores mean a worse outcome | Time Frame: Brief standardised questionnaire not exceeding 8 minutes. Administered during the data collection phase, no intervention involved, this is a cross-sectional observation study. | 
| DASS (Anxiety) | Minimum score 0 maximum score 42 of the anxiety subscale of the DASS questionnaire Higher scores mean a worse outcome | Time Frame: Brief standardised questionnaire not exceeding 8 minutes. Administered during the data collection phase, no intervention involved, this is a cross-sectional observation study. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) | Minimun score 0 maximum score 78 Scores greater than 20 indicate a need for further investigation by a qualified professional. Low scores (below 20) can still be consistent with serious eating problems. | Time Frame: Brief standardised questionnaire not exceeding 8 minutes. Administered during the data collection phase, no intervention involved, this is a cross-sectional observation study. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Diabetes Mellitus, Anxiety, Depression, Eating attitudes