Effects of 12-week Digital Treatment in Patients With Hand OA on Pain and Function

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of a 12 week digital treatment program for patients with hand osteoarthritis. The treatment consisted of exercises and educational sessions with respect to the disease, its natural course and recommended treatment strategies. Design: An observational longitudinal cohort study. The investigators will include participants who participated in the digital treatment of Joint Academy® for 3 months. Outcomes: Investigators will analyze pain with Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) 0-10 (best to worst), function with the Functional Index for Hand OsteoArthritis (FIHOA) and HRQL with EQ-5D-5L at baseline and at 3 months. Main outcome will be change in pain. The investigators will also analyze minimally clinical important changes (improved or not) and mean changes in EQ-5D-5L index score, pain and function.

Detailed Description
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and due to its rising prevalence, the identification of appropriate care and care delivery modalities is a priority for the health care systems. Exercise and education constitute the first-line intervention for people with knee, hip and hand OA and have been shown to be effective regardless of symptoms and disease severity. International guidelines recommend that first-line interventions for the majority of musculoskeletal conditions should involve nonsurgical management with exercise and education guided by a physiotherapist (PT) and based on a personalised care approach. OA of the hand is probably the most common form of OA and almost 50% of women and 25% of men will be affected during the life course. Self-management strategies includes a wide range of strategies such as education for strengthening or stretching exercises, joint protection education for activity and pacing, use of proper body mechanics, and assistive devices to improve pain, reduce inflammation, lower additional risk of deformities, and enhance performance. Systematic reviews that compared joint protection strategies to usual care have shown similar effects at short-term and superior effects at mid- and long-term compared to usual care. To implement the guidelines, the Better Management of Patients with OsteoArthritis (BOA), a face-to-face concept including education and an option to exercise, has been developed and is offered at primary care clinics in Sweden since 2008 for patients with hip- knee- and hand OA. BOA has previously been found to reduce pain and improve function and quality of life in patients with hip and knee OA. Unfortunately, there is a discrepancy between recommended treatment and what patients receive and around 30% of people with OA seeking care go through first line management. Traditional face-to-face interventions present barriers, such as limited access and lack of flexibility, which may limit the patients' adherence with the interventions. Digital delivery of the management program may be one way of overcoming such barriers. Telehealth, defined as the 'delivery of healthcare at a distance using information and communication technology' could be a solution to many access barriers and has been rapidly adopted by many healthcare professions and accelerating even more throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Literature investigating the use of telehealth for the management of musculoskeletal pain is growing. Systematic reviews have demonstrated that telehealth can provide improvements in pain, physical function and disability that are similar to that of usual face-to-face care for individuals with musculoskeletal conditions such as osteoarthritis for the knee and hip. The use of telehealth also seems to increase exercise adherence for a variety of musculoskeletal conditions. To our knowledge, digital self-management programs for OA of the hand have not yet been evaluated. Joint Academy® (JA), a digitally delivered treatment program with exercise and patient education was developed to increase access to and facilitate implementation of guideline derived and evidence-based treatment for OA. The first JA program was introduced in 2016 for persons with hip- and knee OA and participants reported reduced pain and improved function during up to 48 weeks of treatment. A recent randomised controlled trial on patients with knee OA showed that the digital program was superior to usual care. Since late 2021, a digital program for OA of the hand is also available on the platform.

Official Title
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Effects of 12-week Digital Treatment in Patients With Hand OA on Pain and Function: a Register-based Observational Study

Conditions
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Hand Osteoarthritis, Wrist Osteoarthritis, Thumb Osteoarthritis, Finger Osteoarthritis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Joint Academy digital treatment


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Older than 18 years (often much older) Previous physical examination regarding hand symptoms Long-lasting hand pain where osteoarthritis is suspected l(for example joint-specific load and/or rest pain, impaired function with stiffness, decreased grip strength, clumsiness, bone roughening of joints). started the treatment between 2022-XX-XX to 2022-XX-XX Exclusion Criteria: Pegnancy Tendon disease (trigger finger, tendinopathy) Nerve entrapment Arthritis Acute injuries (fracture and/or distortion)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Joint Academy<br>The participants receive the digital treatment of Joint Academy. | Behavioral: Joint Academy digital treatment<br>* The Joint Academy® (www.jointacademy.com) program for people with hand OA consists of video instructed and progressively adaptable daily exercises, patient education through text lessons, possibility for a social chat group with other patients and a continuous asynchronous chat function with a personal reg. physiotherapist who supervises the patient during the full participation period. The program also contains three telephone consultations with a physiotherapist that were compulsory, one at the start, one after six weeks and one after three months.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change of pain intensity | Pain was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS, discrete boxes 0-10) with the instruction: Mark on this scale how much pain you had the last week in your hand, followed by a 0-10 scale where 0 was defined as no pain and 10 was defined as maximum pain. A higher score equals more pain. Patients answered compulsory questionnaires at baseline and at 3 months of treatment. All outcomes were self-assessed and self-entered using the digital program interface. | Pain levels were reported for all patients at baseline, 3 months and weekly until treatment week 6. From week 7 reporting pain levels weekly were optional. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Functional Index for Hand OsteoArthritis (FIHOA) | The FIHOA is a 10-item questionnaire based on a semi-quantitative assessment scoring the disease on a 4-point scale with a total scoring from 0 to 30 where a higher score equals more functional impairments. The FIHOA has been shown to be valid, sensitive, clinically relevant for the population and shown consistency and acceptable reliability. The literature also suggests it is associated with pain, muscle strength and health related quality of life in people with hand OA. All outcomes were self-assessed and self-entered using the digital program interface. | Patients answered compulsory questionnaires at baseline and at 3 months of treatment. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Telemedicine, Telehealth, Mobile Health, eHealth, mHealth