Adipokines of Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Atherosclerosis of Coronary Arteries

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of the study is to investigate whether the expression and production of adipokines secreted by the epicardial adipose tissue correlate with the degree of coronary atherosclerosis.

Detailed Description
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The aim of the study is to investigate whether the expression and production of four adipokines [adiponectin, omenin-1, resistin and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4)] secreted by the epicardial adipose tissue correlate with the degree of coronary atherosclerosis. Specifically, this study aims to investigate whether the expression and production of these adipokines is different between two sites of the heart, that are perfused by coronary arteries with different degrees of stenosis.

Official Title
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The Role of Adipokines Secreted by Epicardial Adipose Tissue in the Atherosclerosis of Coronary Arteries

Conditions
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Coronary Atherosclerosis, Adipokines

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 1) Individuals undergoing cardiac surgery Exclusion Criteria: Age < 18 years HbA1c > 7.0% Any change of antidiabetic medication the previous 3 months before the surgery GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 Liver disease Cancer Non-treated hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism Autoimmune disease Infection Any change in body weight at least 5% the previous 3 months before surgery Significant dehydration. Taking any of the following drugs the previous 3 months before surgery: hormones, antiobesity drugs

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| NonDM-0<br>Nondiabetics without significant stenoses (> 50%) in the coronary arteries | |
| NonDM-L<br>Nondiabetics with significant stenosis in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery or in the Left main (LM) coronary artery, but without significant stenosis in the right coronary artery (RCA) | |
| NonDM-R<br>Nondiabetics without significant stenosis in the LAD and in the LM, but with significant stenosis in the RCA | |
| NonDM-LR<br>Nondiabetics with significant stenosis in the LAD or in the LM and with significant stenosis in the RCA | |
| DM-0<br>Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without significant stenoses in the coronary arteries | |
| DM-L<br>T2DM patients with significant stenosis in the LAD or in the LM, but without significant stenosis in RCA | |
| DM-R<br>T2DM patients without significant stenosis in the LAD and in the LM, but with significant stenosis in the RCA | |
| DM-LR<br>T2DM patients with significant stenosis in the LAD or in the LM and with significant stenosis in the RCA | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Association between coronary artery disease and epicardial adipokines | Comparison of the mRNA and protein production of four adipokines [adiponectin, omentin-1, resistin, retinol binding protein-4(RBP4)] from the epicardial adipose tissue between the territories that are supplied by LAD and RCA. This comparison will be performed in the following clusters of groups: Cluster 1: NonDM-0 and DM-0 (comparison between territories that are supplied by non-stenosed coronary arteries) Cluster 2: NonDM-LR and DM-LR (comparison between territories that are supplied by stenosed coronary arteries) Cluster 3: NonDM-L, NonDM-R, DM-L and DM-R (comparison between a territory that is supplied by stenosed coronary artery and another territory that is supplied by non-stenosed coronary artery) | Baseline measurement | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Impact of diabetes on epicardial adipokines | Comparison of the mRNA and protein production of four adipokines (adiponectin, omentin-1, resistin, RBP4) from the epicardial adipose tissue of the territory that is supplied by LAD or RCA between the following groups: NonDM-0 vs DM-0 NonDM-L vs DM-L NonDM-R vs DM-R NonDM-LR vs DM-LR | Baseline measurement | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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adiponectin, omentin-1, resistin, RBP4, epicardial fat, Coronary artery disease