Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Expression in Tonsils and Adenoids

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The objective of the research is to study the expression of the ACE 2 receptor and the TMPRSS2 serine protease in the tonsils and adenoids of children and adults.

Detailed Description
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The entry point for SARS-CoV-2 into the body is the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) was quickly identified as the functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the TMPRSS2 serine protease is required for the anchoring of the S protein in cell lines. In addition, the most commonly used screening test is a test for viral RNA by RT-PCR on a nasopharyngeal sample because the viral load is high. The tonsils and adenoids could be a target organ of the virus. In order to study this hypothesis, the expression of ACE 2 and the serine protease TMPRSS2 will be sought in these tissues. In addition, children, generally at high risk of severe viral respiratory infections (RSV, influenza), have milder symptoms than older patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The reason for this difference remains elusive. But one of the hypotheses formulated is that the level of expression of ACE 2 and / or TMPRSS2 may differ between adults and children, the viral load seeming to be correlated with the severity of the attack. In order to study this hypothesis, we will therefore compare the level of expression of ACE 2 in the tonsil tissue of children and adults.

Official Title
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Study of the Expression of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), a Cell Membrane Receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and the TMPRSS2 Serine Protease in Tonsils and Adenoids of Children and Adults

Conditions
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Adenoidectomy, Tonsillectomy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Storage of operating waste


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Children and adults, without SARS-CoV-2 infection, in whom an adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy is performed for their care in the hospitals of Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris participating in the study. Holders of parental authority of minor patients and adult patients not opposed to participation in the study. Exclusion Criteria: - N/A
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Adenoidectomy / tonsillectomy<br>Children and adults, without SARS-CoV-2 infection, in whom an adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy is performed for their care in the centers of the study. | Other: Storage of operating waste<br>* Storage of operating waste of adenoidectomy / tonsillectomy<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Expression of ACE 2 receptor and TMPRSS2 serine protease | Measurement of expression of ACE 2 receptor and TMPRSS2 serine protease in tonsils and adenoids labeled by immunofluorescence. | 9 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Location of ACE 2 receptor and TMPRSS2 serine protease | Location of ACE 2 receptor and TMPRSS2 serine protease in tonsils and adenoids labeled by immunofluorescence. | 9 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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SARS-CoV-2, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), Tonsils, Adenoids