Impact of Sleep Restriction on Performance in Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The overall goal of this project is to look at the effects of long-term, sustained sleep restriction (SR) in adults, and assess the effects on mood and cognitive and physical performance.

Detailed Description
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Chronic Sleep Restriction (SR) is highly prevalent in today's modern society. Artificial light, portable electronic devices, and 24-h services have allowed individuals to remain active throughout the night, leading to reductions in sleep duration. SSD has been linked to obesity and our laboratory has been interested in establishing whether sleep could be a causal factor in the etiology of obesity. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity over the past 5 decades, coinciding with the marked reduction in sleep duration, further exploration into the role of sleep as a risk factor for obesity could provide additional ammunition in the fight to prevent further increases in the incidence of obesity. This study will be a randomized, crossover, outpatient SR study with 2 phases of 6 weeks each, with a 6 week wash-out period between the phases. Sleep duration in each phase will be the participant's regular bed- and wake times during the habitual sleep (HS) phase and HS minus 1.5 hours in the SR phase. During the HS phase, participants will be asked to follow a fixed bedtime routine based on their screening sleep schedule. During the SR phase, participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time.

Official Title
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Effect of Long Term Sleep Restriction on Energy Balance

Conditions
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Sleep, Obesity, Sleep Restriction

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Sleep Restriction (SR)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2 Have at least one obese parent Habitually sleep 7-9 hours a night Free of any current and past sleep and psychiatric disorders, including eating disorders, diabetes or Cardiovascular disease (CVD) (i.e., normal scores on: Pittsburgh Quality of Sleep Questionnaire Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Berlin Questionnaire, Sleep Disorders Inventory Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Composite Scale of Morningness/Eveningness, Three Factor Eating Questionnaire) All racial/ethnic groups Exclusion Criteria: Smokers (any cigarettes or ex-smoker < 3 years) Neurological, medical or psychiatric disorder Diabetics Eating and/or sleep disorders Contraindications for MRI scanning Travel across time zones within 4 weeks History of drug and alcohol abuse Shift worker (or rotating shift worker) Caffeine intake > 300 mg/d Heavy equipment operators Commercial long-distance drivers

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Habitual Sleep (HS)<br>Participants will be asked to follow a fixed bedtime routine based on the participant's regular bed- and wake-times during the habitual sleep (HS) phase. | |
| Experimental: Sleep Restriction (SR)<br>Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time during the sleep restriction (SR) phase. | Behavioral: Sleep Restriction (SR)<br>* Participants will be asked to keep their habitual wake time constant but delay their bedtime to achieve a reduction of 1.5 hours in total sleep time. A delay in bedtimes was chosen rather than advancing wake-up time because it most closely reflects differences in sleep timing behavior between short and normal sleepers.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Fat Mass | Body composition (specifically fat mass) will be measured by MRI at baseline and endpoint. | Baseline, Week 6 (endpoint) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Energy Expenditure (EE) | EE is the amount of energy (or calories) that a person needs to carry out physical functions and will be assessed using Doubly Labeled Water (DLW), during the last 2 weeks of each sleep phase. | Weeks 5 and 6 (endpoint) | 
| Physical activity | Time spent in sedentary, light, moderate, and moderate-to-vigoroud physical activity. | 6 weeks (measured daily) | 
| Appetite-regulating hormones | Ghrelin, leptin, glucagon-like peptide 1, orexin, NPY | Baseline, Week 6 (endpoint) | 
| Neuronal activity | Neuronal activity at rest and in response to food stimuli | Week 6 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Body Weight, Habitual sleep