Shear Wave Elastography in Differentiating Acute or Chronic Kidney Disease

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Chronic kidney disease is a common global public health issue and its prevalence increased year by year. Early diagnosis and intervention can prevent further complications and comorbidities of long-term dialysis, cardiovascular events and mortality as well as improve the patients' life quality. To differentiate acute from chronic kidney disease was crucial especially in the setting of crowded and high-risk emergency department. To diagnose acute or chronic kidney disease, physicians usually use blood sample test combined with image studies such as conventional sonography, CT and MRI. However, there was lots of limited factors. The patients may have no previous visit records, poor renal function to receive contrast medium, or critical clinical condition to undergo time-wasting exam. Although the conventional renal sonography is accessible and inexpensive, the judgement is subjective and provide little clinical information. Recent researches of shear wave elastography in evaluating renal parenchymal stiffness showed some correlation with nephropathy. In our study, aiming to facilitating clinical implication, the investigators will use swear-wave elastography combined with conventional renal sonography to benefit patients in diagnosis of acute or chronic kidney disease.

Detailed Description
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This is a case-control study. The investigators obtained data from participants who were older than 20 years old and received renal sonography examination in the emergency department of National Taiwan University Hospital. The investigators examined the participants' kidneys by recording the kidney size, cortical thickness, possible lesions and elasticity by shear-wave elastography. These data combined with the participants' medical history and renal function revealed by blood examination will be analyzed. This study was designed to determine the correlation between renal cortical elasticity and chronic kidney disease.

Official Title
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Shear Wave Elastography in Differentiating Acute or Chronic Kidney Disease

Conditions
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Elastography, Chronic Kidney Diseases

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Shear wave elastography to distinguish AKI from normal kidney
* Diagnostic Test: Shear wave elastography to distinguish AKI from CKD
* Diagnostic Test: Shear wave elastography to distinguish CKD from normal kidney


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: The patients older than 20 years old who needed to receive renal sonography in emergency department of National Taiwan University Hospital. Exclusion Criteria: The patients who didn't obtain agreement. The patients who can't cooperate or follow the directions

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Normal renal function<br>Normal renal function | Diagnostic Test: Shear wave elastography to distinguish AKI from normal kidney<br>* Record the patient's kidney size, cortical thickness, possible lesion by ordinary renal sonography as well as cortical elasticity by shear wave elastography<br>|
| Acute kidney injury in normal kidney<br>Acute kidney injury in normal kidney | Diagnostic Test: Shear wave elastography to distinguish AKI from normal kidney<br>* Record the patient's kidney size, cortical thickness, possible lesion by ordinary renal sonography as well as cortical elasticity by shear wave elastography<br>|
| Acute kidney injury in chronic kidney disease<br>Acute kidney injury in chronic kidney disease | Diagnostic Test: Shear wave elastography to distinguish AKI from CKD<br>* Record the patient's kidney size, cortical thickness, possible lesion by ordinary renal sonography as well as cortical elasticity by shear wave elastography<br>|
| Chronic kidney disease<br>Chronic kidney disease | Diagnostic Test: Shear wave elastography to distinguish CKD from normal kidney<br>* Record the patient's kidney size, cortical thickness, possible lesion by ordinary renal sonography as well as cortical elasticity by shear wave elastography<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| To determine the correlation of kPa ratio and renal function in chronic renal disease | The analysis will be conducted to determine the correlation between kPa ratio measured by elastography and renal function in patients with chronic renal disease | change in renal function after 2 weeks |