Comparison of Aerobic Exercise and Spinal Stabilization Exercises in Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of the study is to compare the effects of aerobic exercise and spinal stabilization exercises in women with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) complaints.

Detailed Description
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PD is the cramping pain that comes before or during a period. Different exercise approaches have positive effects in PD. Comparing the effects of these exercise approaches is needed to determine the effects on PD.

Official Title
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Comparison of Aerobic Exercise and Spinal Stabilization Exercises in Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea

Conditions
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Primary Dysmenorrhea

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Aerobic exercise program
* Other: Spinal stabilization exercise program


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Women with primary dysmenorrhea complaint according to the Primary Dysmenorrhea Consensus Guide, Over 18 years of age, Having a mean pain intensity of moderate and higher according to the Visual Analogue Scale in the last 6 months, Having a regular menstrual cycle (28±7 days), Volunteered to participate in the study. Exclusion Criteria: Having a pathological history and radiological findings pointing to secondary dysmenorrhea, Using oral contraceptives/antidepressants at least 6 months, Receiving hormone therapy, Undergoing pelvic surgery, Pregnant, Giving birth, Using an intrauterine device, Having neurological, orthopedic and/or rheumatological diseases Having a history of ischemic heart disease (recently myocardial infarction, angina pectoralis, uncontrolled hypertension, etc.), Having a psychiatric disease, Having a history of malignancy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Aerobic exercise group<br>Aerobic exercise will be performed under the supervision of a physiotherapist with a treadmill during 40-60 minutes, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. | Other: Aerobic exercise program<br>* Aerobic exercise will be performed under the supervision of a physiotherapist with a treadmill during 40-60 minutes 3 days a week for 8 weeks<br>|
| Active Comparator: Stabilization exercise group<br>Spinal stabilization exercises will be performed with a physiotherapist during 40-60 minutes, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. | Other: Spinal stabilization exercise program<br>* Spinal stabilization exercises will be performed with a physiotherapist during 40-60 minutes 3 days a week for 8 weeks.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Menstrual pain intensity | Menstrual pain intensity will be evaluated with Visual Analogue Scale. This scale consists of a 10 cm horizontal line. The starting point 0 = no pain, while 10 = unbearable pain. Individuals will be asked to mark on a 10 cm straight line according to the level of pain they feel. Pain intensity will be recorded by measuring the distance between the beginning of the line and the marked place. | change from baseline at 8 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Menstrual symptoms | Menstrual symptoms will be measured with the menstrual symptom questionnaire. Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire is a 24-item self-report scale and each item is scored between 1 (never) and 5 (always). An increase in the mean score indicates an increase in the severity of menstrual symptoms. The total score is 120 points. | change from baseline at 8 weeks | 
| Impacts of academic/work performance | Impacts of academic/work performance will be evaluated with Visual Analogue Scale. This scale consists of a 10 cm horizontal line. The starting point 0= means my work/school performance is not affected in any way, while 10= means my work/school performance is greatly affected. | change from baseline at 8 weeks | 
| Impacts of life quality | Impacts of life quality will be evaluated with Visual Analogue Scale. This scale consists of a 10 cm horizontal line. The starting point 0 = my quality of life is not affected in any way, while 10 = my quality of life is greatly affected. Individuals will be asked to mark on a 10 cm straight line according to the quality of life they think. | change from baseline at 8 weeks | 
| Functional and emotional effects | Functional and emotional effects will be evaluated with Functional and Emotional Dysmenorrhea Scale. Options in the 14-item scale are (1) not at all similar to my situation, (2) Not similar to my situation, (3) Both similar and not similar to my situation, (4) considered similar to my situation, (5) very similar to my situation. The total score range is between 14-70. As the scores obtained from the scale increase, the functional and emotional state of being affected by dysmenorrhea also increases. | change from baseline at 8 weeks | 
| Sleep quality | Sleep quality will be evaluated with Jenkins Sleep Scale, which consists of 4 items. Each item is rated with a 6-point Likert Scale. The total score ranges from 0 to 20. An average of at least 4 or more is considered a sleep quality disorder. | change from baseline at 8 weeks | 
| Trunk muscle endurances | Trunk muscle endurances will be evaluated with McGill's endurance tests. During the tests, individuals will be asked to maintain the determined positions and the elapsed time will be recorded in seconds. The test result is recorded in seconds. | change from baseline at 8 weeks | 
| Posture | Posture will be evaluated with PostureScreen Mobile application. PostureScreen Mobile application is an application that evaluates posture anterior-posterior-lateral photographically and provides data by comparing deviations that can be seen in posture according to ideal standing posture. | change from baseline at 8 weeks | 
| Pelvic tilt | Pelvic tilt will be evaluated with Palpation Meter (PALM) device. The PALM device is an inclinometer and a palpation meter consisting of two caliper arms, which are used to measure the lumbopelvic position and pelvic tilt. | change from baseline at 8 weeks | 
| Functional capacity | Functional capacity will be evaluated with a 2 kilometer walking test. The time taken for walking is calculated by substituting the heart rate, body mass index and age at the end of walking. The result obtained is evaluated according to age and gender, and an appropriateness index is found. | change from baseline at 8 weeks | 
| Subjective perception of improvement | Subjective perception of improvement will be evaluated with 4-item Likert-type scale (worse, same, better, improved). | After exercise program (at 8 week) |