T-regulatory Cells in Diabetic Type Two Nephropathy

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent health problems worldwide. Diabetic nephropathy has become the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease worldwide and is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Traditionally, metabolic and hemodynamic factors are the main causes of renal lesions in patients with type two diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy , both considered non-immune diseases. Serial researches has demonstrated that diabetic nephropathy is a metabolic and hemodynamic disorder, with inflammation playing a vital role in the process.

Detailed Description
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It has been reported that glomerular basement membranes from diabetic rats induced significantly greater amounts of Tumor necrotic factor-alpha and Interleukin-1 than when these cells were incubated with basement membranes from non-diabetic rats. These new findings were the first to suggest that inflammatory cytokines may participate in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy .Cluster of differentiation 4 cells are believed to play central roles in modulating immune responses. Tumor necrotic factor-alpha and Interleukin-6, and induce inflammation in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. T- regulatory cells exert immunosuppressive effects which are important on the maintenance of immune homeostasis by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as Interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-b. Aim of this work is to the role of T regulatory cells :( Cluster of differentiation 4, Cluster of differentiation 25,Cluster of differentiation 127 , forkhead box P3 cells) in the different stages of diabetic nephropathy before hemodialysis initiation.

Official Title
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Role of T-regulatory Cells in Type Two Diabetic Nephropathy

Conditions
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Diabetic Nephropathy Type 2

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: laboratory test


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Adult patients above 20 years diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and have microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria or renal impairment Exclusion Criteria: Patients with ischemic heart disease, any other autoimmune diseases, and Hepatitis C or B positive patients. b-Patients with diabetic nephropathy on dialysis therapy c- Patients with any other causes for renal diseases such as glomerulonephritis

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 30 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| 1<br>cases of Diabetic type two nephropathy | Diagnostic Test: laboratory test<br>* role of T- regulatory cells in the patients of diabetic nephropathy<br>|
| 2<br>controls of normal subjects | Diagnostic Test: laboratory test<br>* role of T- regulatory cells in the patients of diabetic nephropathy<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| rate of patients with positive T-regulatory cells in blood | number of patients with diabetic type two nephropathy with positive T-regulatory cells in blood | one week |