Evaluation of the Effect of Venous Diameter Measurement by Ultrasonography on Pain and Withdrawal Response

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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During general anesthesia, intravenous (IV) medications can disrupt the patient's comfort by causing a pain sensation or a withdrawal response in the heart. Propofol and rocuronium are among the most common causes of this condition. In recent years, the use of ultrasonography (USG) in anesthesia has become widespread with the rapid advancement of technology. The use of the patient's head is a non invasive method. This study is aimed to evaluate whether the size of the venous diameter assessed by ultrasonography in our study is an effect on pain and withdrawal response after drug injections.

Detailed Description
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The study was conducted in patients who underwent surgical procedures under general anesthesia by obtaining consent from the Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty Ethics Board and written consent from the patients and then being admitted to the ASA I-II age group 18-70 years of age. Patients with peripheric vascular disease, vasculitis, rheumatologic disease, non-cooperative, under the age of 18 and over 70, ASA III and above, allergic to general anesthetic agents and refusing to participate in the study were excluded from the study.

Official Title
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Evaluation of the Effect of Venous Diameter Measurement by Ultrasonography on Pain and Withdrawal Response

Conditions
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Pain, Withdrawal

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Pain Score
* Diagnostic Test: Withdrawal movement score
* Diagnostic Test: hemodynamic response


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 18- 70 years of ASA (American society of anesthesiology) physical status I- II who were to undergo various elective operations Exclusion Criteria: Rheumatologic disease Peripheric vascular disease Vasculitis Patients with chronic pain syndrome, Patients with neurologic deficits, Patients with thrombophlebitis, Patients with difficult venous access, Patients with allergy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 17 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Group 1<br>Venous diameter measurements were made via the USG in the hand dorsum. Transverse venous diameter ≤2mm was defined group 1. Anesthesia induction drugs were all treated in the same order and dose. Pain score, withdrawal movement score and hemodynamic response was recorded. | Diagnostic Test: Pain Score<br>* Four poin scala 0=No Pain mild intermediate severe<br>Diagnostic Test: Withdrawal movement score<br>* Withdrawal movements no movement response movement limited to the wrist movement limited to the elbow/shoulder, generalized movement response.<br>Diagnostic Test: hemodynamic response<br>* Hemodynamic data were recorded in the patients taken in the operation room. (T0). Hemodynamic values (T1) measured 1 minute after administration of intravenous propofol were recorded. Hemodynamic values (T2) measured 1 minute after administration of intravenous rocuronium were recorded. Hemodynamic values (T3) measured 1 minute after administration of endotracheal intubation were recorded.<br>|
| Group 2<br>Venous diameter measurements were made via the USG in the hand dorsum.Transverse venous diameter >2mm was defined group 2.Anesthesia induction drugs were all treated in the same order and dose. Pain score, withdrawal movement score and hemodynamic response was recorded. | Diagnostic Test: Pain Score<br>* Four poin scala 0=No Pain mild intermediate severe<br>Diagnostic Test: Withdrawal movement score<br>* Withdrawal movements no movement response movement limited to the wrist movement limited to the elbow/shoulder, generalized movement response.<br>Diagnostic Test: hemodynamic response<br>* Hemodynamic data were recorded in the patients taken in the operation room. (T0). Hemodynamic values (T1) measured 1 minute after administration of intravenous propofol were recorded. Hemodynamic values (T2) measured 1 minute after administration of intravenous rocuronium were recorded. Hemodynamic values (T3) measured 1 minute after administration of endotracheal intubation were recorded.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The injection pain due to propofol | Pain will be recorded and graded using a 4-point scale (none, mild, moderate, or severe). | 6 month | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The withdrawal movement due to rocuronium | Withdrawal movements are scored as follows: (a) no movement response, (b) movement limited to the wrist, (c)movement limited to the elbow/shoulder, or (d) generalized movement response. | 6 month | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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rocuronium, propofol, pain, withdrawal, venous diameter