Non-exercise Physical Activity Intervention

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Physical inactivity is prevalent in older adults and poses a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the effect of non-exercise physical activity using a standing desk on clinical variables in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Official Title
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Effects of Dynamic Standing vs. Static Standing on Subjective Fatigue Symptoms

Conditions
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Aging, Diabete Mellitus, Cognitive Change

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Sitting
* Behavioral: Static standing
* Behavioral: Dynamic standing


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: older participants (65+ years) with clinically confirmed type 2 diabetes Body mass index above 25 and less than 40 kg/m2 Exclusion Criteria: participants unable to perform a short clinical and motor function test battery (sABC test, Mini-BEST)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 65 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Sitting<br>Three hours of sitting condition with ad-libitum breaks for toilet use and stretching. During this condition all cognitive, motor and pain scales were monitored. | Behavioral: Sitting<br>* We proposed a dynamic standing approach (working while standing accompanied by small periodic stepping movements) as a more tolerable and thereby more applicative lifestyle modification. To evaluate this form on healthy subjects, three different conditions were applied: 3 hours of sitting, static standing and dynamic standing. Both standing conditions were done with height-adjustable table which was developed at the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA)<br>* Other names: SIT;|
| Active Comparator: Static standing<br>Four hours of static standing condition with ad-libitum breaks for toilet use and stretching. During this condition all cognitive, motor and pain scales were monitored. | Behavioral: Static standing<br>* We proposed a dynamic standing approach (working while standing accompanied by small periodic stepping movements) as a more tolerable and thereby more applicative lifestyle modification. To evaluate this form on healthy subjects, three different conditions were applied: 3 hours of sitting, static standing and dynamic standing. Both standing conditions were done with height-adjustable table which was developed at the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA)<br>* Other names: STAT;|
| Active Comparator: Dynamic standing<br>Four hours of dynamic standing condition with ad-libitum breaks for toilet use and stretching. During this condition all cognitive, motor and pain scales were monitored. | Behavioral: Dynamic standing<br>* We proposed a dynamic standing approach (working while standing accompanied by small periodic stepping movements) as a more tolerable and thereby more applicative lifestyle modification. To evaluate this form on healthy subjects, three different conditions were applied: 3 hours of sitting, static standing and dynamic standing. Both standing conditions were done with height-adjustable table which was developed at the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA)<br>* Other names: DYN;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Oxygen consumption | Oxygen uptake VO2 (ml/min/kg) | change in oxygen consumption between all three conditions, which will be measured with a minimum washout period of 3 days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Executive control | Executive functions measured with Trail Making Test (seconds) | change in executive control and cognitive switching levels between all three conditions, which will be measured with a minimum washout period of 3 days | 
| Attention levels | Measuring attention with Stroop test (seconds) | change in attentional levels between all three conditions, which will be measured with a minimum washout period of 3 days |