Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Somali-Americans

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The investigators seek to advance the understanding of obstructive sleep apnea as it relates to different ethnic origins as well as sex differences. The investigators will compare Somali patients with known obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to individuals without OSA, and to individuals of other ethnic/racial origins to determine the risk factors (genetic and/or physiologic) associated with developing cardiovascular diseases. This will help the investigators to understand the unique sleep pathology of individuals of African descent.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Participants can be healthy volunteers or volunteers diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea. All patients may undergo a sleep study (i.e. hospital or home-based), physical examination, questionnaires, blood and urine samples, ultrasound scan of the heart and brachial artery in the arm, CT scan, DEXA scan, paced breathing test, cardiopulmonary test and chemo-sensitivity test.

Official Title
-----------------
Evaluating the Prevalence and Implications of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Somali-Americans: A Translational Research Study

Conditions
-----------------
Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Self-identify as Somali, African, Asian, and European descent. Adult males and females who are older than 18 years of age. Exclusion Criteria: Minors under 18 years or adults over 100 years Positive pregnancy

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Somali Descent<br>Study participants who are of Somali origin. | |
| Non-Somali Descent<br>Study participants who are not of Somali origin. | |

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| To assess the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea | Measure the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) to determine burden of obstructive sleep apnea. Based on the AHI, sleep apnea will be diagnosed if the AHI is ≥5 events/hour. | 10 years | 
| To determine the severity of obstructive sleep apnea | The severity of OSA is classified based on the AHI as follows: None/Minimal: AHI < 5 per hour, Mild: AHI ≥ 5, but < 15 per hour, Moderate: AHI ≥ 15, but < 30 per hour, Severe: AHI ≥ 30 per hour. | 10 years | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 24 hour mean arterial pressure | Ambulatory measure of blood pressure in mmHg | 10 years | 
| Vascular endothelial function | Change in brachial artery diameter in response to hyperemia | 10 years | 
| Insulin sensitivity | Oral glucose tolerance testing | 10 years | 
| Body composition | Percentage body fat content | 10 years | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Somali-Americans, Sleep Disordered Breathing, Cardiovascular Diseases, Sex and Racial Differences, Respiratory Disorders, Hypertension, Diabetes, Health Disparities