Taekwondo Training and Postmenopausal Women With Stage-2 Hypertension

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Aging is associated with hormonal imbalances and progressive decreases in arterial health and function. It is crucial to prevent or reduce the negative effects of aging on hormonal balance and the vasculature by implementing appropriate lifestyle interventions, such as exercise training. We examined the effects of a 12-week Taekwondo training program on blood catecholamines, arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV), blood pressure (BP), resting heart rate, and muscular strength in postmenopausal women with stage 2 hypertension.

Detailed Description
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Using a parallel experimental design, participants were randomly assigned to either a Taekwondo exercise training group (n=10) or non-exercising control group (n=10) for 12 weeks. Participant in the Taekwondo training group trained 3 days/week for 60 minutes per session, and the intensity progressed weekly. Participants in the control group performed no exercise intervention.

Official Title
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Taekwondo Training Reduces Blood Catecholamine Levels and Arterial Stiffness in Postmenopausal Women With Stage-2 Hypertension

Conditions
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Menopause, Hypertension

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Taekwondo training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Be diagnosed with stage-2 hypertension Be postmenopausal Be between 65 and 85 years old Exclusion Criteria: Known cardiovascular, metabolic or renal diseases Physical limitations that prohibit exercise Participates in regular exercise

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 65 Years
Maximum Age: 85 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Parallel design with treatment group and control
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Taekwondo Training<br>Taekwondo training was performed 60 minutes/day, 3 days/week for 12-weeks. Exercise intensity was set at 30-40% of heart rate reserve (HRR) and gradually increased to 50-60% over 12 weeks. | Behavioral: Taekwondo training<br>* Exercise group<br>|
| No Intervention: Control<br>Sedentary control asked not to exercise | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Blood Epinephrine Levels |  | 12-weeks | 
| Blood Norepinephrine Levels |  | 12-weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Arterial Stiffness | Pulse Wave Velocity | 12-weeks | 
| Systolic Blood Pressure |  | 12-weeks | 
| Hand Grip Strength |  | 12-weeks | 
| Diastolic Blood Pressure |  | 12-weeks | 
| Leg Strength |  | 12-weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Taekwondo, Menopause, Hypertension, Arterial Stiffness, Blood Catecholamines