Hypnosis for Fear of Falling in Older Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Fear of falling is associated with numerous negative health outcomes in older adults and can limit rehabilitation. Few treatments are effective in fear of falling. Hypnosis is now recognized as an effective treatment for a variety of conditions, especially anxiety and pain, which can be integrated safely with conventional medicine. Therefore, the objective was to assess the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial to examine whether hypnosis reduces fear of falling in an inpatient geriatric population. In this randomized pilot trial, patients hospitalized in geriatric rehabilitation wards were randomly allocated to either an intervention group (hypnosis plus usual rehabilitation program) or a control group (usual rehabilitation program only). Primary feasibility outcomes were recruitment rate, retention rate, and adherence to the intervention. Secondary outcomes concerned the impact of hypnosis in rehabilitation in fear of falling scores, functional scores, length of stay, and drugs.

Detailed Description
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This single-center randomized controlled feasibility trial was conducted in a 296 beds acute care and rehabilitation geriatric hospital of Geneva University Hospitals (Switzerland). After consent, patients were randomized to either the intervention group or the control group. The randomization sequence was computer-generated (ratio 1:1) and concealed until official patient enrolment. All study staff members, including physiotherapists and occupational therapists, were blinded to group allocation, with the exception of the hypnotherapist. All statistical analyses were performed by a blinded statistician. The intervention consisted of two hypnosis sessions of about 30 minutes, weekly provided, by a physician trained in medical hypnosis. Each session was realized as possible during walking, according to the agreement and the physical status of the participant. The intervention was provided in the complement of the usual rehabilitation program. Both the intervention and control groups received the usual rehabilitation program, a multifactorial fall-and-fracture risk-based assessment, and management intervention, which has been shown to be effective in improving physical parameters related to the risk of fall and disability among high-risk oldest-old patients. This program includes intensive physiotherapy for 2 weeks (i.e., focused on walking and enhancing balance exercises in group or individual and group) and patient education on the risk of falling and on prevention of falls. The target sample size was 30 participants (15 participants in each group, pilot study). The study was approved by the State of Geneva's Ethics Committee (2018-01550). All patients provided written informed consent before any study-related procedure. The feasibility of a randomized controlled trial with hypnosis in rehabilitation was assessed by recruitment rate, retention rate, adherence to hypnosis, and adverse events. Fear of falling was assessed by different validated scales. Each scale was completed by each participant three times (week 0 (at baseline): before intervention; week 1 (during intervention): between the two hypnosis sessions; week 2 (at the end of the study): after all interventions), with or without the help of the occupational therapist. Descriptive statistics were reported as mean ± standard deviation or number (percent). The hypnosis and the control groups were compared at baseline using t-tests or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Longitudinal data were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat concept. Longitudinal data for fear of falling scores, Functional Independence Measure score, and Short Physical Performance Battery score, were analyzed using linear mixed-effects regression models, a negative binomial model for in-hospital falls, and t-tests for medications and length of stay. The incidence of in-hospital falls during hospital stay was analyzed using a negative binomial regression model.

Official Title
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Hypnosis for Fear of Falling in Hospitalized Older Adults? : a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Study.

Conditions
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Rehabilitation, Fear of Falling, Older Adults

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Hypnosis
* Behavioral: Rehabilitation program


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: admitted in a rehabilitation program specialized in falls and fracture risk assessment and management 65 years and over Exclusion Criteria: psychiatrics disorders did not speak french lacking decisional capacity

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Hypnosis group<br>The intervention consisted of two hypnosis sessions by a physician trained in medical hypnosis. The hypnosis group received also the usual rehabilitation program. | Behavioral: Hypnosis<br>* Two sessions of hypnosis, about 30 minutes each, weekly provided, by a physician trained in medical hypnosis. Each session was realized as possible during walking, according to the agreement and the physical status of the participant. Each sessions of hypnosis includes 3 phases : induction, walk perception alteration and post-hypnotic suggestion.<br>Behavioral: Rehabilitation program<br>* Intensive physiotherapy for 2 weeks, with walking and balance exercises, (individual and group exercises). Education of risk of falling and prevention of falls.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Control group<br>The control group follow the usual rehabilitation program which includes intensive physiotherapy for 2 weeks (i.e., focused on walking and enhancing balance exercises in group or individual and group) and patient education on the risk of falling and on prevention of falls. | Behavioral: Rehabilitation program<br>* Intensive physiotherapy for 2 weeks, with walking and balance exercises, (individual and group exercises). Education of risk of falling and prevention of falls.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Feasibility of recruitment | recruitement rate was defined by the number of included patients dividing by the number of weeks it takes to include them. | through study completion, an average of 6 months | 
| feasibility of hypnosis | hypnosis adherence was defined by the number of total sessions of hypnosis | through study completion, an average of 6 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Impact of hypnosis on fear of falling | by comparing scores of questionnaires validated to assess fear of falling between groups | through study completion, an average of 6 months | 
| Impact of hypnosis on functional | by comparing functional ability assessed by Functional Independency Measure score and Short Physical Performance Battery score between both groups | through study completion, an average of 6 months | 
| Impact of hypnosis on length of stay | length of stay was defined by the number of day of hospitalization, and was compared between both groups | through study completion, an average of 6 months | 
| Impact of hypnois on number of drugs | number of drugs at the end of hospitalization | through study completion, an average of 6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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hypnosis, fear of falling, rehabilitation, older adults, feasibility study