Application of a Training Program for Executive Functions in a Sample of Egyptian Children With Learning Disorder

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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In recent years, significant progress has been made on ways to improve Executive Functions (EF) skills for school readiness involving direct EF training and classroom educational programs. Due to the absence of a well-structured Arabic program for EF training in children, the rationale of this study is to implement a comprehensive, evidence-based intervention program to help Egyptian children with learning disorders to overcome their EF impairment. It uses the multimodality approach to help meet the needs of students with a variety of learning styles. The aim of this study is to adapt the combined form of the Executive Functions Training-Elementary, and the Promoting Executive Function In The Classroom programs and its application in order to test its effectiveness in the rehabilitation of Egyptian learning disordered children.

Detailed Description
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The study was conducted on 40 children with dyslexia and Executive dysfunction attending unit of phoniatrics, Otorhinolaryngology department, Alexandria University. The results were compared before and after intervention. The Executive Functions Training-Elementary program is an evidence-based practice that targets Executive function skills in the early elementary years by training students how to plan, execute, complete, and monitor tasks. It develops cognitive abilities and behavior control with classroom-related activities for varying ability levels. The Promoting Executive Function In The Classroom program helps to incorporate Executive function processes (such as planning, organization, prioritizing, and self-checking) into the classroom curriculum. Chapters provide effective strategies for learning by improving how to learn. Data were collected and entered to the computer using (Statistical Package for Social Science) program for statistical analysis (version 21). Data were entered as numerical or categorical, as appropriate. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of normality revealed no significance in the distribution of the variables, so the parametric statistics was adopted. Data were described using minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation and 95% Confidence Interval of the mean. Categorical variables were described using frequency and percentage. Comparisons were carried out between two studied dependent normally distributed variables using paired t-test. Comparisons were carried out between more than two independent normally distributed subgroups using one-way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) test. When F ratio of ANOVA was significant Levene test of homogeneity of variances was done, and if significant Brown-Forsythe Robust test was adopted. Post-hoc multiple comparisons was done using Games-Howell.

Official Title
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Application of a Training Program for Executive Functions in a Sample of Egyptian Children With Learning Disorder

Conditions
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Learning Disorders, Executive Dysfunction

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Executive functions training-elementary and Promoting executive function in in the classroom


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: children complaining of specific learning disorder and executive function deficits Exclusion Criteria: brain damage, mentally retarded or history of fits or subclinical fits hearing or visual impairment psychic problems

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Years
Maximum Age: 11 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: the study was carried on a single group underwent initial assessment then intervention then final assessment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: study group<br>single group who had intervention and comparison of pre and post intervention assessment | Other: Executive functions training-elementary and Promoting executive function in in the classroom<br>* evidence based practice that target executive function skills in early elementary years.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Self-Management to Time. | scored from 1-4 depending on the parent's answers concerning the child's performance in this item in the last 6 months | 3-6 months | 
| Self-Organization and Problem-Solving | scored from 1-4 depending on the parent's answers concerning the child's performance in this item in the last 6 months | 3-6 months | 
| Self-Restraint. | scored from 1-4 depending on the parent's answers concerning the child's performance in this item in the last 6 months | 3-6 months | 
| Self-Motivation. | scored from 1-4 depending on the parent's answers concerning the child's performance in this item in the last 6 months | 3-6 months | 
| Self-Regulation of Emotion | scored from 1-4 depending on the parent's answers concerning the child's performance in this item in the last 6 months | 3-6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Executive Functions, learning disorder, children