Accelerating Post-exercise Muscle Glycogen Resynthesis in Humans: Impact of Combined Nutrient Intake and Intermittent Pneumatic Compression or Heat Therapy

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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To determine if modalities designed to improve blood flow combined with post-exercise nutrient intake will improve replenishment of muscle glycogen better than nutrient intake alone. A secondary objective is to compare the effectiveness of heat therapy and intermittent pneumatic compression on glycogen replenishment.

Official Title
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Accelerating Post-exercise Muscle Glycogen Resynthesis in Humans: Impact of Combined Nutrient Intake and Intermittent Pneumatic Compression or Heat Therapy

Conditions
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Muscle Recovery, Muscle Soreness, Glycogen Depletion

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Compression sleeve
* Device: Heat therapy
* Other: Glycogen-depleting exercise session
* Other: Nutrient Intake (beverage)
* Procedure: Skeletal muscle biopsy


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Subjects will be male and female participants in good health 18-35 years of age Currently performing cardiovascular or intermittent exercise at a moderate to high intensity at least 5 days per week for 60 minutes or longer per day. Understanding of the procedures to be undertaken as part of the study Willingness to participate in exercise testing and follow instructions provided by the experimenter Informed, voluntary, written consent to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria: History of deep vein thrombosis Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) Hypertension (resting SBP > 140/90 mmHg) Smoking Pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or lactating Supplements containing antioxidants including vitamin C and E and N-acetyl cysteine Any medication Lactose intolerance Participation in another study within the previous 30 days or in a PepsiCo funded study within the past 6 months.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intermittent pneumatic compression<br>IPC sleeve device on leg | Device: Compression sleeve<br>* From foot to hip/groin on both legs with only 1 leg connected to pneumatic pump for 1 hour<br>* Other names: IPC;Other: Glycogen-depleting exercise session<br>* Prolonged intermittent high intensity running (LIST protocol)<br>Other: Nutrient Intake (beverage)<br>* Post-exercise, all participants will receive a beverage containing 1.0 g/kg carbohydrate and 0.3 g/kg protein from the mixture of Gatorade Recover Protein Shake and Gatorade Thirst Quencher<br>Procedure: Skeletal muscle biopsy<br>* Vastus lateralis muscle in the lower thigh will be obtained by the percutaneous needle technique<br>|
| Experimental: Heat therapy<br>Custom water-circulating garment on leg | Device: Heat therapy<br>* Custom leg garment with one leg heated by circulating hot water approx 40 degrees C, the other leg approx 32 degrees C (thermoneutral) for 1 hour<br>Other: Glycogen-depleting exercise session<br>* Prolonged intermittent high intensity running (LIST protocol)<br>Other: Nutrient Intake (beverage)<br>* Post-exercise, all participants will receive a beverage containing 1.0 g/kg carbohydrate and 0.3 g/kg protein from the mixture of Gatorade Recover Protein Shake and Gatorade Thirst Quencher<br>Procedure: Skeletal muscle biopsy<br>* Vastus lateralis muscle in the lower thigh will be obtained by the percutaneous needle technique<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Rate of glycogen resynthesis | Leg skeletal muscle glycogen level assessment using assay kit | Change from baseline to 1.5 hrs and 3.5 hrs post exercise bout. Biopsy 1 post-exercise pre nutrient intake 1 and compression (IPC) or heat, biopsy 2 post compression or heat, pre-nutrition intake 2, biopsy 3 at 210 min. Higher rate is better. | 
| Muscle functional recovery: Skeletal muscle function | Work fatigue (%) of the knee extensors measured using an isokinetic dynamometer | Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise and prior to biopsies and treatments, and 24 hours post exercise. Less fatigue is better. | 
| Muscle functional recovery: Perceived muscle soreness | Knee extensor muscle soreness on a visual analog scale (VAS) of 100 mm after stepping on and off a 40 cm (female) or 45 cm (male) box three times | Change from pre-exercise to post-exercise and prior to biopsies and treatments, and 24 hours post exercise. Less soreness is better. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| mRNA expression of genes involved in regulation of glucose and glycogen metabolism and muscle functional recovery | Leg skeletal muscle fiber analysis determined using RT-PCR (Real-time polymerase chain reaction) | Change from baseline to 1.5 hours and 3.5 hours post exercise bout. Biopsy 1 post-exercise pre- nutrient intake 1 and compression (IPC) or heat, biopsy 2 post compression or heat and pre- nutrition intake 2, biopsy 3 at 210 min. Higher expression better. | 
| Serum insulin | Blood test using ELISA kit | Change from post exercise at same time as biopsy 1 (Time 0), biopsy 2 (1.5 hrs) and biopsy 3 (3.5 hrs) | 
| Serum Glucose | Blood test using ELISA kit | Change from post exercise at same time as biopsy 1 (Time 0), biopsy 2 (1.5 hrs) and biopsy 3 (3.5 hrs | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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IPC, muscle glycogen, glycogen replenishment, muscle recovery, intermittent pneumatic compression, heat therapy