Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgery for Thyroid Cancer

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has heavily influenced routine medical care. In the first months of the pandemic, healthcare authorities restricted medical care to emergency procedures, postponing elective surgical activity. Conversely, screening programmes and planned examinations have been temporarily suspended or delayed. Gradually, elective surgery and clinical activities have resumed, thanks to the weakening of the pandemic, to a better organization of the healthcare systems and to the diffusion of COVID-19 vaccines. In the present study, we aim to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgery for thyroid carcinoma. Particularly, we aim to investigate whether the delay in operations, screening programmes, and planned examinations for patients under follow-up after thyroid surgery have led to an increased number of aggressive tumours. To evaluate this aspect, we aim to compare the patients who had undergone thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer before the COVID-19 pandemic (from February 2019 to February 2020), during the first phase of the pandemic (from March 2020 to September 2020), and after the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (from October 2020 to October 2021).

Official Title
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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgery for Thyroid Cancer: an International Multicenter Study

Conditions
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Thyroid Carcinoma

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Thyroidectomy


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients who have undergone thyroidectomy with preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer (cytological diagnosis, including Bethesda III, IV, IV or VI class, or high suspicion of thyroid carcinoma based on clinical and/or ultrasonographic features) during the study period (from February 2019 to October 2021) Patients who underwent reoperative neck surgery for local recurrence of thyroid carcinoma during the study period (from February 2019 to October 2021) Exclusion Criteria: Age < 18 yo Incidental diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Thyroid carcinoma<br>Patients with thyroid carcinoma submitted to thyroidectomy | Procedure: Thyroidectomy<br>* Surgery for thyroid carcinoma<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Incidence of aggressive thyroid cancers | Increase in the number of patients with aggressive thyroid carcinoma (intermediate and high risk of local recurrence, according to 2015 American Thyroid Association Guidelines on Thyroid Carcinoma), calculated as ratio between patients with aggressive thyroid carcinoma operated in pre-pandemic period and patients with aggressive thyroid carcinoma operated during covid-19 pandemic. | 36 months |