Scapular Dyskinesis: a Reliability and Validity Study of Comprehensive Classification Test

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Study Design: Clinical measurement (cross-sectional) Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the novel scapular dyskinesis classification test. Background: A visual-based clinical assessment with sufficient reliability and validity to identify scapular dyskinesis provides information for rehabilitation treatment. Methods: A visual-based palpation method was evaluated by two independent physiotherapists in 60 subjects with unilateral shoulder pain to test reliability. This method classified the scapular movements during arm raising/lowing movements in scapular plane as single abnormal scapular patterns (inferior angle/ medial border/ superior border of scapula prominence and abnormal scapulohumeral rhythm) or mixed abnormal scapular patterns. Different patterns of scapular dyskinesis were also validated by corresponding alternation of the scapular kinematics and muscular activities assessed by electromagnetic motion-capturing system and surface electromyography (EMG).

Detailed Description
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No other detailed description

Official Title
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Scapular Dyskinesis: a Reliability and Validity Study of Comprehensive Classification Test

Conditions
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Unilateral Shoulder Pain With and Without Scapular Dyskinesis

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: (1) they were from 18 to 50 years old and (2) they had unilateral shoulder pain around shoulder complex during activities. Exclusion Criteria: history of shoulder dislocation, fracture, or shoulder surgery within past 1 year, or a history of direct contact injury to the neck if upper extremities within the past 1 month, scoliosis or excessive kyphosis, neurological disorders, body mass index (BMI)≧25, or demonstrate pain (VAS>3) during overall testing procedure.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Reliability of scapular dyskinesis test | The inter-rater reliability for the comprehensive scapular dyskinesis classification test was described using percentage of agreement and κ coefficient. Rating of scapular dyskinesis was evaluated and classified into 8 patterns including(A) patterns I (B) patterns II (C) pattern III (D) pattern IV (E) pattern I+II (F) pattern II+III (G) pattern I+III (H) pattern I+II+III. | 2 hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Validity of scapular dyskinesis test | Different patterns of scapular dyskinesis were validated by corresponding alternation of the scapular kinematics and muscular activities assessed by electromagnetic motion-capturing system and surface electromyography. To quantitatively characterize the scapular kinematics and muscular activities, the kinematic data at 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° and EMG data at 0 30°, 30° 60°, 60° 90°, 90° 120°, and >120° in the raising and lowering phases of humeral movement in the scapular plane were used as dependent variables. Data from the same scapular dyskinesis pattern assessed by 2 raters were used for validity analysis. | 2 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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scapular dyskinesis, kinematics, muscular activities