Oral Health in Covid-19 Survivors

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Aims are to assess periodontal health and salivary stress/ immunity responses in COVID-19 survivors

Detailed Description
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There are lack of data concerning oral health in COVID-19 survivors, nevertheless, many middle-aged patients with oral symptoms of Post-acute COVID-19 report xerostomia and taste impairment and suffer from oral hypofunction, thus may be susceptible to periodontitis and oral frailty. Post-acute or long COVID-19 is/would be the health hallmark of post-COVID-19 era, manifested as a multiplicity of clinical problems and requiring conceptual framework aiming at multidisciplinary health preserving activities. There are various factors which may affect oral and periodontal health in post-COVID-19 era, such as disruption of dental professional care due to the fear of infection, virus-induced disturbance of oral homeostasis and, as a common denominator- COVID-19-induced psychological stress. Expected results would not just offer epidemiological data but also, mechanistic background for defining risks and modified measures aiming to preserve oral health in post-COVID-19 era.

Official Title
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Biomarkers of Oral Health in Covid-19 Survivors

Conditions
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COVID-19, Periodontitis

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: self-reported good general health, ≥ 14 erupted teeth excluding third molars. For periodontally healthy: Bleeding on probing score ≤10%, without attachment loss and radiographic bone loss and probing depth ≤ 3 mm in every site (Trombelli L et al., 2018). For periodontitis patients: periodontitis in stages II-IV. Exclusion Criteria: history of periodontal treatment in previous six months, acute oral infection, presence of systemic disease(s), pregnancy, lactation, smoking ≥ 10 cigarettes per day

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Late COVID-19 and PERIO<br>Participants in the late convalescent stage of COVID-19 with diagnosed periodontitis | |
| PERIO non COVID-19<br>Participants with diagnosed periodontitis and no history of COVID-19 | |
| Late COVID-19 non PERIO<br>Participants in the late convalescent stage of COVID-19 without periodontitis | |
| Non PERIO non COVID-19<br>Participants with no history of COVID-19 and without periodontitis | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Periodontal disease stage and COVID 19 | Correlation periodontitis and COVID 19 infection | one to six months after COVID-19 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Oral frailty | Oral frailty assessment in Covid 19 and Perio affected patients | one to six months after COVID-19 | 
| psychological stress | Assessment of psychological stress | one to six months after COVID-19 | 
| salivary stress/immunity mediators | Association of salivary stress/immunity mediators levels with perio disease in COVID 19 patients | one to six months after COVID-19 |