Impact of Nebulized Dornase Alpha on Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The investigators hypothesized that dornase alpha, administered twice a day (BID) by in-line nebulizer, would improve oxygenation, compliance, and time to extubation in adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation.

Detailed Description
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Background: Lobar or segmental collapse of the lung in mechanically ventilated patients is a relatively common occurrence in the Intensive Care Unit. Available treatments are either labor or time intensive and not highly effective. Methods: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot study to determine whether nebulized recombinant human dornase alpha (Pulmozyme, Genentech) improves radiologic and clinical outcomes in ventilated patients with lobar atelectasis. Outcomes of interest were chest radiograph score, oxygenation, lung compliance, and rate of extubation over the first 5 days. The groups consisted of 14 intervention patients and 16 control patients. They were similar with respect to basic demographics, age, gender, and use of therapeutic modalities relating to lung function. Baseline average chest x-ray scores, Pa02/FI02 ratios, and static compliance were not significantly different. Analysis was limited to the first 5 days. Results: There was a significant improvement in oxygenation for the intervention group at day 5 (p=0.03). There were no significant differences in chest radiograph score, compliance, or rate of extubation. Two patients died in the intervention group, whereas none died in the control group (NS). Conclusions: These pilot data suggest that inhaled dornase alpha appears to be safe and is associated with improved oxygenation 5 days after initiation of therapy in mechanically ventilated patients compared to placebo. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine if this intervention decreases ICU morbidity and mortality.

Official Title
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Inhaled Dnase (Pulmozyme®) as a Non-Invasive Treatment of Atelectasis in Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Conditions
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Atelectasis, Ventilation, Mechanical

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Pulmozyme (nebulized dornase alpha)
* Drug: Saline


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: current ventilator use onset of lobar or whole lung collapse over the previous 12 hours age greater than 18 Exclusion Criteria: quadriplegia or debilitating neuromuscular condition chronic ventilator dependence pneumothorax frank hemoptysis elevated intracranial pressure intracranial bleed pregnancy or active nursing concurrent use of other investigational drugs history of allergy to Pulmozyme®, Chinese Hamster Ovary-derived biologics, or any of the components of the active or placebo formulations.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Placebo Comparator: Nebulized saline<br>patients on mechanical ventilation who were randomized to receive a placebo comparator (vehicle solution for dornase alpha) | Drug: Saline<br>* Saline packaged identically to the dornase alpha intervention unit doses and coded for blinding by the company providing the intervention drug (dornase alpha).<br>|
| Active Comparator: dornase alpha<br>patients on mechanical ventilation who were randomly assigned to receive dornase alpha by in-line nebulization | Drug: Pulmozyme (nebulized dornase alpha)<br>* nebulized dornase alpha: 2.5 mg by in-line nebulizer BID<br>* Other names: DNase;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Total Chest X Ray Score |  | Days 0-30 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Oxygenation (Pa02/FI02) |  | Days 0-30 | 
| Static Lung Compliance |  | Days 0-30 | 
| Time to Extubation |  | Days 0-30 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Mechanical Ventilation, Extubation, dornase alpha, oxygenation, chest x ray